      A.    CRUISE NARRATIVE - WOCE S04P
            (updated 8/1/05)

      A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS
      
                                WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION
            
                     WOCE section designation  S04P
            Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  90KDIOFFE6_1
                             Chief Scientists  Mikhail H. Koshlyakov/Shirshov IO*, 
                                               James G. Richman/OSU**
                                        Dates  1992.02.14  -  1992.04.06
                                         Ship  R/V Akademik Ioffe
                                Ports of call  Montevideo, Uruguay; Wellington, NZ
                           Number of stations  113 CTD/rosette stations

                                                          65¡ 19.12' S
            Station geographic boundaries      70¡ 5.17' W            162¡ 39.91' E
                                                          70¡ 38.92' S
                 Floats and drifters deployed  none
               Moorings deployed or recovered  none
                         Contributing Authors  Marie-Claude BeauprŽ  ODF/SIO
                                               J.C. Jennings
                                               Robert M. Key
                                               Eugene Morozov
                                               Eugene Morozov
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Russian Academy of Sciences         ** Oregon State University
       P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology     College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences
       Nakhimovski Ave. 36                     Oceanography Admin. Bldg. 104
       117218  Moscow  RUSSIA                  Corvallis  OR  97331-5503
       Phone:  7-095-129-2363                   Phone: 1-541-737-3328   
       Fax:    7-095-124-5983                   Fax:   1-541-737-2064
       e-mail: koshl@stream.sio.rssi.ru        e-mail: jrichman@oce.orst.edu
                                                       jr@oce.orst.edu
      
      
      A.2.  Cruise Summary
      
      Cruise track
      
      The cruise track included WHP stations beginning on the continental shelf of the 
      Antarctic Peninsula at 67¡ 28S 71¡ 5W on 22 February, 1992, continuing west 
      along ca. 67¡S (S4 Pacific) at nominally 30 nautical mile intervals.  The first 
      ten stations were made along a northwesterly line approximately perpendicular to 
      the continental slope with stations over the shelf break and slope located on 
      isobaths separated by approximately 800 m.  Over the Bellingshausen Abyssal 
      Plain between 91¡34W and 130¡41W and over the Amundsen Abyssal Plain between 
      142¡11W and 157¡41W, the station spacing was increased to nominally 40 nautical 
      miles.  At 174¡15E, the track was turned southwestward to run perpendicular to 
      the Antarctic continental shelf.  The section was completed with a station in 
      200 m of water off Cap Daemon at 70¡39S 168¡04E.  The section was restarted with 
      a repeat station at 67¡S 174¡15E and continued east-northeast to end in 400 m of 
      water off Young Island of the Balleny Islands at 66¡25S 162¡41E.  The last 
      station will be the eastern terminus for the continuation of WHP line S4 into 
      the Indian Ocean.  
      
      Stations occupied
      
      There were 113 CTD/rosette stations, in all but one case each close to the 
      bottom.  No large volume casts were made.  There were 3 surface samples for Ge 
      isotopes and one complete profile with 24 samples.
      
      Floats and drifters deployed
           No floats nor surface drifters were deployed.
      
      Moorings deployed or recovered
           No moorings were deployed or recovered. 
      
                                                         S04P ð Koshlyakov/Richman ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      A.3.  List of Principal Investigators
      
                                  Measurement           Institution or 
      Name                        responsibility        affiliation
      --------------------------  --------------------  --------------------
      A. Berezutski & J. Richman  ADCP                  Shirshov Inst .& OSU
      A. Berezutski               MultiBeam Bathymetry  Shirshov Inst.
      J. Bullister                CFCs                  PMEL
      G. Rau                      carbon isotopes       NASA Ames Res Center
      P. Schlosser                AMS 14C               LDGO
      P. Schlosser                helium, tritium       LDGO
      P. Schlosser                18O                   LDGO
      J. Swift                    CTD/O2/nutrients      SIO
      T. Takahashi & D. Chipman   TCO2, pCO2            LDGO
      N. Voronina                 Biological sampling   Shirshov Inst.
      
      
      A.4.  Scientific Program
      
      a. Narrative
      
      The R/V Akademik Ioffe Cruise 6 (WHP line S4 Pacific) left Montevideo, 
      Uruguay on 14 February, 1992 and ended in Wellington, New Zealand on 6 April, 
      1992.  The chief Scientists were Mikhail H. Koshlyakov (Shirshov Institute of 
      Oceanology) and James G. Richman (Oregon State University).  The purpose of 
      this cruise was to determine the strength and extent of the cyclonic 
      circulation in the Pacific Ocean south of the Polar Front as part of the WOCE 
      Hydrographic Program.
      
      The R/V Akademik Ioffe departed Montevideo at 2130 on 14 February 1992, 
      and headed for deep water in the South Atlantic.  On the morning of 17 
      February, the vessel stopped for training and station tests.  No reportable 
      data were collected.  WHP stations began on the continental shelf of the 
      Antarctic Peninsula 67¡28.1S 70¡05.4W on 22 February (station 682).  The 
      first six stations were over the continental shelf and slope along a 
      northwesterly line.  The stations over the slope were made on isobaths 
      separated by approximately 800 m.  Two more stations were made in deep water 
      along this line and then the track was turned southwestward.  Five stations 
      were made along the southwesterly track until 67¡S was reached.  The section 
      was then continued along 67¡S at nominally 30 nautical mile spacing.  Over the 
      Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain between 91¡34W and 130¡41W and over the Amundsen 
      Abyssal Plain between 142¡11W and 157¡41W, the station spacing was increased 
      to nominally 40 nautical miles.  At 174¡15E (station 768), the track was 
      turned southwestward to run perpendicular to the Antarctic continental shelf.  
      The section was completed with a station in 200 m of water off Cap Daemon at 
      70¡39S 168¡04E on 23 March (station 780).  The section was restarted with a 
      repeat station at 67¡S 174¡15E on 25 March and continued east-northeast to end 
      in 400 m of water off Young Island of the Balleny Islands at 66¡25S 162¡41E 
      on 29 March (station 794).  The last station will be the eastern terminus for 
      the continuation of WHP line S4 into the Indian Ocean.
      
      The principal sampling program consisted of full-depth CTD/O profiles 
      with a maximum of 24 small-volume water samples per cast.  Water samples were 
      collected for salinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, phosphate, nitrate, 
      nitrite, CFC-11, and CFC-12 at all stations, and for 3He, tritium, AMS 14C, 
      CFC-113, 18O, and CO2 system parameters at selected stations.
      
      Rosette water samples were collected by the Scripps Oceanographic Data 
      Facility (ODF) from Niskin and ODF-constructed 10-liter sample bottles mounted 
      on an ODF-constructed 24-bottle rosette sampler which used General Oceanics 24-
      place pylon.  The rosette was equipped with ODF-modified NBIS Mark IIIb CTDs 
      for in-situ measurement of conductivity, temperature, pressure, and dissolved 
      oxygen.  A transmissometer belonging to Dr. Wilf Gardner, TAMU, was installed 
      on the rosette and used at several stations.  A short-range (ca. 100 meter) 
      altimeter was mounted on the rosette frame and its data fed into the CTD data 
      stream.  A pinger on the rosette frame gave height above bottom (via a PDR in 
      the CTD console area) throughout the water column.  In every case the bottles 
      were closed at selected depths during the up cast, after the winch had stopped 
      at that depth.  There were 113 CTD/rosette stations, in all but one case each 
      close to the bottom.  
      
      Two PRTs were used on most stations for temperature measurements.  No 
      reversing thermometers were used during the cruise.  Conductivities were 
      measured using ODF Autosal salinometer with an automated logging program.  
      Oxygen samples were run using a Dosimat/UV automatic titration system.  
      Nutrients were run with a Technicon AAII system.
      
      While on station and underway a shipboard 75 kHz RDI ADCP system was 
      operated.  Underway surface measurements were also obtained: temperature, 
      salinity, fluorescence and pCO2.  A multi-beam sonar system was operated 
      between stations  Routine weather observations were collected at ten minute 
      intervals by the ship's automated meteorological station with visual 
      observations every four hours by the ship's officers.
      
      Along the section, the weather and sea conditions were moderate to very 
      rough.  The winds were generally 10-15 m/sec, with five days approaching or 
      exceeding 20 m/sec.  Icebergs were present during the entire section which 
      necessitated slowing at night and some extra maneuvering before starting 
      sections.  The air temperature averaged slightly below freezing.  Near 
      Antarctica, at the end of the section, cold air and wind created problems with 
      freezing in the bottle spigots (stations 773 and 778), but only three salinity 
      samples were lost.  No trouble with pack ice occurred during the section.  The 
      weather was extremely poor in the vicinity of the the Antarctic Circumpolar 
      Current between the continent and New Zealand which prevented any work on the 
      northward run after the completion of the main zonal section.
      
      b.  Bottle depth distributions
      
      Vertical sections along the ship's track showing the depth 
      distributions for small volume samples are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
      

                                                               S04P ð Koshlyakov/Richman ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      A.5.  Problems
      
      This cruise had few problems.  The CTD operations were made from the 
      stern A-frame.  There were numerous cable problems, kinking and unlaying, 
      associated with the pitching in rough weather conditions when the winds 
      exceeded 15 m/sec or large swells were encountered.  Many mire reterminations 
      were made during the cruise.  However, little data was lost from these 
      problems.  One station, 701, was terminated early on 27 February at 3700 m in 
      4340m of water during bad weather and excessive ship motion.  The rosette hit 
      the ship during recovery stations 705 and 763.  The CTD signal was lost at 3650 
      dbars on station 702 and the cast was aborted.  However, the signal returned as 
      the CTD was being raised and the cast was restarted in the water at 3100 
      dbars.  The CTD signal was lost on the upcast at 4337 dbars on station 709.  The 
      bottles were tripped based upon wire out for this station.  The same CTD was 
      used for the entire cruise.  The CTD Sampler Controller and Data Logger was 
      tested from station 781 through station 794.  Using the controller, bottles 
      were tripped at preset depths and the CTD data recorded internally.  The casts 
      were monitored and data recorded with normal CTD computer. 
      
      An oxygen sensor was used with the CTD.  Problems with the sensor and 
      its spare were encountered at the start of the section.  The data are suspect 
      for the first 11 stations (682-692).  The sensor failed on station 773.  No 
      oxygen sensor was available for stations 773 through 782.
      
      The transmissometers had inside lens fogging and temperature 
      compensation problems.  Many casts had no transmissometer mounted and the data 
      are suspect for the stations where one was used.
      
      South of the Polar Front, the acoustic backscatter sound levels for the 
      75 kHz ADCP were extremely low.  The data from the upper 200 m appear to be 
      contaminated by transducer ringing.  The overall quality of the ADCP velocity 
      data is poor.
      
      A.6.  Other Incidents of Note

      A.7.  Cruise Participants
      
      Name               Responsibility on cruise                  Institution
      -----------------  ----------------------------------------  ------------------
      Barstow, Dennis    ADCP                                      Oregon State Univ.
      Chipman, David     CO2, underway systems                     LDGO
      Clark, Jordan      helium, tritium, 18O, AMS 14C             LDGO
      Grabitz, Dorothea  helium, tritium, 18O, AMS 14C             LDGO
      Hiller, Scott      electronics tech, salts                   SIO/ODF
      Low, Clarence      13C                                       NASA Ames
      Masten, Doug       nutrients, deck                           SIO/ODF
      Mattson, Carl      electronics tech, salts                   SIO/ODF
      Menzia, Fred       CFCs                                      NOAA/PMEL
      Muus, David        deck, O2, data                            SIO/ODF
      Richman, James     co-chief scientist physical oceanography  Oregon State Univ.
      Rubin, Stephany    CO2                                       LDGO
      Swift, James       physical oceanography                     SIO
      Warner, Mark       CFCs                                      Univ. of Washington
      Williams, Robert   deck, O2, data                            SIO/ODF
      
      
      Leader Group  (plus Richman, U.S.)
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Koshlyakov, Mikhail      Chief Scientist                  Shirshov Institute
      Sklyarov, Vladimir       Ch. Deputy                       Shirshov Institute
      Zaytsev, Alexandr        Ch. Deputy; CTD deck ops         Shirshov Institute
      Sazhina, Tatyana         Sc. Secretary                    Shirshov Institute
      Zhukova, Veronika        secretary                        Shirshov Institute
      
      Sonde Group (CTD)
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Yemelyanov, Mikhail      CTD console ops                  Shirshov Institute
      Maslennikov, Vyacheslay  CTD console ops                  VNIRO
      Popkov, Valeriy          CTD console ops                  VNIRO
      Frolov, Mikhail          CTD deck ops                     Shirshov Institute
      Nesterenko, Yuriy        watch stander                    Shirshov Institute
      Savelyev, Vitaliy        CTD deck ops                     Shirshov Institute
      Yakovlev, Evgeniy        watch stander                    Shirshov Institute
      
      Mathematical Group (data processing, GFD, models)
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Yaremchuck, Maxim        data processing; interpolations  Shirshov Institute
      Nechayev, Dmitriy        GFD, modelling                   Shirshov Institute
      Benenson, Mikhail        computer system manager          Shirshov Institute
      Chesnokov, Andrey        software technician              Shirshov Institute
      Mardashkina, Natalya     ocean modelling                  MFTI
      
      Hydrological Group (interpretative)
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Belkin, Igor             interpretative p.o.; fronts      Shirshov Institute
      Burkov, Valentin         interpretative p.o.              Shirshov Institute
      Chernyakova, Alla        O2, nutrients, CO2               Shirshov Institute
      Stunzhas, Pavel          O2, nutrients, CO2               Shirshov Institute
      Polyakova, Irina         technician                       Shirshov Institute
      
      Meteorological Group
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Romanov, Yuriy           Meteorology                      Shirshov Institute
      Lutsenko, Eduard         synoptics                        AANII
      Radikevich, Vitaliy      meteorology                      LGMI
      Rodionov, Vyacheslav     remote sensing                   Shirshov Institute
      Safronov, Alexey         actinometry                      IFA
      Romashova, Elena         actinometry                      IFA
      
      Acoustic Group (ADCP & sound scattering)
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Berezutski, Alexander    ADCP, MultiBeam bathymetry       Shirshov Institute
      Timoshenko, Vladimir     MultiBeam bathymetry             TRTI
      Nosov, Alexandr          MultiBeam bathymetry             Shirshov Institute
      Shilov, Igor             ADCP                             Shirshov Institute
      Korolev, Alexander       ADCP                             Shirshov Institute
      Tikhonova, Natalya       MultiBeam bathymetry             Shirshov Institute
      
      Biological Group
      -----------------------  -------------------------------  ------------------
      Voronina, Natalya        zooplankton                      Shirshov Institute
      Levin, Lev               fluorescence                     IBSO
      Sazhin, Andrey           microplankton                    Shirshov Institute
      Sedelnikov, Sergey       bio. hardware technician         IBSO
      Zadorina, Larisa         bio. Technician                  Shirshov Institute
      
      
      Definition of acromyms:
      
      VNIRO:  Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow
      MFTI:   Moscow Pysical-Technical Institute
      AANII:  Arctic and Antarctic Institute, Saint Petersburg
      LGMI:   Leningrad Hydro Meteorological Institute
      IFA:    Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
      TRTI:   Taganrog Radio Engineering Institute
      IBSO:   Institute of biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of
              Sciences, Krasnojarsk
      
      




      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      
                                                        S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

                                       IOFFE6

                                    (WOCE S4-92)

                         Calibrated Pressure-Series CTD Data
                           Processing Summary and Comments

                                  December 28, 1993

                           R/V Akademik Ioffe 90KDIOFFE6/1
                                  920214  - 920406
                   Montevideo, Uruguay to Wellington, New Zealand

                                  CHIEF SCIENTISTS
                                 Mikhail Koshlyakov
           Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
                                   Moscow, RUSSIA
                                         and
                                    James Richman
                               Oregon State University
                                  Corvallis, OREGON

                                 DATA SUBMITTED BY:
                         Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                             Oceanographic Data Facility


                                Marie-Claude Beaupre
                                    ODF CTD Group
                             Oceanographic Data Facility
                         Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                            UC San Diego, Mail Code 0214
                                  9500 Gilman Drive
                              La Jolla, CA  92093-0214

                                phone: (619) 534-1906
                                 fax: (619) 534-7383
                             e-mail: marie@odf.ucsd.edu



      1.  Introduction

           In this document we discuss CTDO data acquisition, calibration,
      corrections, and other processing for the IOFFE6 cruise on the R/V
      Akademik Ioffe.  The final reported values were determined via careful
      examination and application of the pre- and post-cruise calibrations,
      and by comparison of CTD data with the water sample data collected
      during the CTD casts.  Our techniques and calibration data are
      discussed below.

      2.  CTD Acquisition and Processing Summary

           113 CTD casts plus 4 test casts were completed during IOFFE6.
      The rosette used was an ODF-designed 24-bottle system with a 24-place
      General Oceanics pylon nested inside a ring of twenty-four 10-liter
      bottles.  A CTD, altimeter, pinger, and transmissometer were mounted
      on the bottom of the frame.  ODF CTD #1 (a modified NBIS Mark III-B
      instrument) was used during the leg.

           The ODF CTD acquired data at a maximum rate of 25 Hz.  The data
      consisted of pressure, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen,
      second temperature, four CTD voltages, trip confirmation,
      transmissometer, altimeter and elapsed time.  Power to the CTD was
      optimized by applying the minimum current to attain the CTD voltages
      required to maintain sensor stability.  These voltages were monitored
      throughout the cast.

           An ODF-designed deck unit demodulated the FSK CTD signal to an
      RS-232 interface.  The raw CTD data server allowed the data to be
      split into three different paths: to be logged in raw digitized form,
      to be monitored in real time as raw data, and to be processed and
      plotted.  During the IOFFE6 expedition, an Integrated Solutions Inc.
      (ISI) Optimum V computer served as the real-time data acquisition
      processor.  Additionally, Sun SPARC computers were used during post-
      cruise processing.

           The raw CTD audio signal was recorded on VHS videotape as an
      ultimate back-up, and all raw binary data were logged on a hard disk
      and then backed up to magnetic cartridge tape.  In addition, all
      intermediate versions of processed data were backed up to magnetic
      cartridge tape.

           CTD data processing consists of a sequence of steps which is
      modified as needed.  Data can be re-processed from any point in this
      sequence after the raw data are acquired from the sea cable and
      recorded on videotape and/or hard disk.  Each CTD cast is assigned a
      correction file, and while the corrections are usually determined for
      groups of stations, it is possible to fine tune the parameters for
      even a single station.  The acquisition and processing steps are as
      follows:

         ð Data are acquired from the CTD sea cable and assembled into
           consecutive .04-second frames containing all data channels.  The
           data are converted to engineering units.

         ð The raw pressure, temperature and conductivity  data  are  passed
           through  broad  absolute  value and gradient filters to eliminate
           noisy data.  The entire frame of raw data is omitted, as  opposed
           to interpolating bad points, if any one of the filters is exceed-
           ed.  The filters may be adjusted as needed for each cast.


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


                            TYPICAL IOFFE6 RAW DATA FILTERS

                  Raw Data     |         |         | Frame-to-Frame
                  Channel      | Minimum | Maximum |    Gradient   
                  -------------+---------+---------+---------------
                  Pressure     |   -40   |  6400   |    2.0 dbar   
                  -------------+---------+---------+---------------
                  Temperature  |   -8    |  32.7   |    .2 deg.C   
                  -------------+---------+---------+---------------
                  Conductivity |    0    | 64.355  |    .3 mmho    


         ð Pressure and conductivity are phase-adjusted to match the
           temperature response, since the temperature sensor responds more
           slowly to change.  This lag time is determined using raw CTD data
           from the cruise.  Conductivity data are corrected for ceramic
           compressibility in accordance with the NBIS Mark III-B Reference
           Manual.

         ð The data are averaged into 0.5-second blocks.  During this step,
           data falling outside four standard deviations from the mean are
           rejected and the average is recalculated.  Then data falling
           outside two standard deviations from the new mean are rejected,
           and the data are re-averaged.  The resulting averages, excepting
           second temperature and CTD voltages, are reported as the
           0.5-second time series.  Secondary temperature data are used to
           verify the stability of the primary temperature channel
           calibration.  Secondary temperature data are only filtered,
           averaged and reported with the time-series data when they are
           used in place of the primary temperature data due to a sensor
           malfunction.

         ð Corrections are applied to the data.  The pressure data are
           corrected using laboratory calibration data.  Temperature
           corrections, typically a quadratic correction as a function of
           temperature, are based on laboratory calibrations.  Conductivity
           and oxygen corrections are derived from water sample data.
           Conductivity corrections are typically a linear fit of bottle
           minus CTD differences as a function of conductivity.  Oxygen data
           are corrected on an individual cast basis.  Uncorrected time-series
           transmissometer data are forwarded to TAMU for final processing
           and reporting.

           The averaged data are recorded on hard disk and sent to the real-
      time display system, where the averaged data can be reported and
      plotted during a cast.  The averaging system also communicates with
      the CTD acquisition computer for detection of bottle trips, almost
      always occurring during the up casts.  A 3- to 4-second average of the
      CTD data is stored for each detected bottle trip.

           A down-cast pressure-series data set is created from the time
      series by applying a ship-roll filter to the down-cast time-series
      data, then averaging the data within 2-dbar pressure intervals
      centered on the reported pressure.  The first few seconds of data for
      each cast are generally excluded from the averages due to sensor
      adjustment or bubbles during the in-water transition.  Pressure
      intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by double-
      parabolic interpolation.  When the down-cast CTD data have excessive
      noise, gaps or offsets, the up-cast data are used instead.  CTD data
      from down and up casts are not mixed together in the pressure-series
      data because they do not represent identical water columns (due to
      ship movement, wire angles, etc.).

           The CTD time series is always the primary CTD data record for the
      pressure, conductivity and temperature channels.   The  final  correc-
      tions  to  the  CTD oxygen data are made by correcting pressure-series
      CTD oxygen data to match the up-cast oxygen water  samples  at  common
      isopycnals.  The final CTDO pressure-series data are the data reported
      to the principal investigator and to the WHP Office.

           Subsequent sections of this document discuss the laboratory
      calibrations, data processing and corrections for the CTD used during
      IOFFE6.

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      3.  CTD Laboratory Calibrations

      3.1.  Pressure Transducer Calibration

           The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-
      controlled bath to the ODF Ruska deadweight-tester (DWT) pressure
      standards.  The mechanical hysteresis loading and unloading curves
      were measured both pre- and post-cruise at cold temperature (-1.5
      degrees C bath) to a maximum of 8830 psi, and at warmer temperature
      (15.2 and 6.1 degrees C baths pre-/post-cruise) to a maximum of 2030
      psi.  The post-cruise deep 8830 psi calibration was done a total of 3
      times (in -1.5, -1.4, and -0.7 degrees C baths).

           CTD pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations are summarized in
      Figure 1.

      3.2.  PRT Temperature Calibration

           All CTD PRT temperature transducers were calibrated in a
      temperature-controlled bath.  CTD temperatures were compared with
      temperatures calculated from the resistance of a standard platinum
      resistance thermometer (SPRT) as measured by a NBIS ATB-1250
      resistance bridge.  The ultimate temperature standards at ODF are
      water and diphenyl ether triple-point cells and a gallium cell.  Seven
      or more calibration temperatures, spaced across the range of -2.0 to
      20.0 degrees C, were measured both pre- and post-cruise.

           CTD pre- and post-cruise temperature calibrations are summarized
      in Figures 2 and 3.  It should be noted that ODF CTD PRT temperature
      transducers are offset approximately +1.5 degrees C in order to avoid
      a temperature response discontinuity that occurs at 0 degrees C; this
      offset is taken into account when correcting the data.


      4.  CTD Data Processing

      4.1.  Pressure, Temperature, Conductivity/Salinity, and Oxygen
      Corrections

           A maximum of 24 salinity and oxygen check samples were collected
      during each CTD cast.  No thermometric pressure or temperature data
      were collected during this cruise.

           A 3- to 4-second average of the CTD time-series data was
      calculated for each sample.  The resulting data were then used to
      derive CTD conductivity/salinity and oxygen corrections.  The severe
      weather conditions encountered during this cruise dictated that
      shallow bottle stops (in the top 125 meters or so) be very short or
      omitted altogether, thus leading to smeared bottle-trip data for
      shallow bottles.  Typically the winch does not move during a trip.


      4.1.1.  CTD Pressure Corrections

      4.1.1.1.  CTD #1

           CTD #1 pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations, Figures 1a and
      1b were compared.  The warm/shallow and cold/deep calibration curves
      both shifted by about 1 to 1.5 decibars from pre- to post-cruise.  The
      slopes of the warm/shallow pressure calibration curves were nearly
      identical.  The slopes of the cold/deep curves were slightly
      different:  shallower points were nearly identical and the deepest
      points from the two calibrations were about 1.5 decibars apart.
      Thermometric pressures were not measured during the leg.

           The pre-cruise pressure calibration was left in place for the
      pressure data since the pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations had
      slope differences well within the sensor accuracy.  Any residual
      offset was compensated for automatically at each station: as the CTD
      enters the water, the corrected pressure is adjusted to 0 decibars.

      4.1.2.  CTD Temperature Corrections

      4.1.2.1.  CTD #1

           CTD #1 had two temperature sensors: both PRT-1 and PRT-2 were
      calibrated pre- and post-cruise. PRT-1 was the main temperature sensor
      and was used exclusively in all data processing.  PRT-2 was used to
      check for PRT-1 drift during the cruise.  A comparison of the pre- and
      post-cruise laboratory CTD #1 PRT-1 temperature transducer
      calibrations, Figures 2a and 2b, showed two curves with nearly
      identical slopes and a -.0008 degrees C temperature shift in the range
      of -1 to 7 degrees C.  For PRT-2, the secondary sensor, a comparison
      of the two calibrations, Figures 3a and 3b, also showed curves with
      nearly identical slopes and a +.0006 degrees C temperature shift in
      the range of -1 to 6 degrees C.  The pre-cruise PRT-1 temperature
      calibration, Figure 2a, remained in effect for the CTD data since any
      differences between pre- and post-cruise temperature calibrations were
      negligible and well within the sensor accuracy.

           No thermometric temperatures were measured during this cruise.
      The PRT-1 minus PRT-2 differences were monitored during the cruise to
      check for possible temperature shifts.  None were detected, and as
      expected, the pre- and post-cruise PRT-1 minus PRT-2 differences were
      consistent.


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      4.1.3.  CTD Conductivity Corrections

           In order to calibrate CTD conductivity, check-sample
      conductivities were calculated from the bottle salinities using CTD
      pressures and temperatures.  For each cast, the differences between
      sample and CTD conductivities at all pressures were fit to CTD
      conductivity using a linear least-squares fit.  Values greater than 2
      standard deviations from the fits were rejected.  The resulting
      conductivity correction slopes were plotted as a function of station
      number.  The conductivity slopes were then fit as a function of
      station number to generate smoothed slopes.  These smoothed slopes
      were an average of the slopes for the cruise (0-order).  Since the
      range of conductivities in this part of the ocean is very narrow, the
      conductivity slope correction does not have a great effect on the
      data.

           Conductivity differences were then calculated for each cast after
      applying the preliminary conductivity slope corrections.  Residual
      conductivity offsets were computed for each cast and fit to station
      number.  Smoothed offsets were determined by groups, based on common
      conditions (i.e. such factors as pre- and post-conductivity-sensor
      cleaning).  The resulting smoothed offsets were then applied to the
      data.  Then conductivity slope as a function of conductivity was re-
      checked: no changes were warranted.

           Some offsets were manually adjusted to account for discontinuous
      shifts in the conductivity transducer response, or to insure a
      consistent deep T-S relationship from station to station.

           Station 711 was the only station showing any discontinuity with
      surrounding stations in the conductivity transducer response, and it
      was adjusted to match its own bottle salinities, which also matched
      the deep Theta-S data of surrounding stations.  This cast exhibited
      strange results which were noted at sea during the cast.  The top 340
      decibars of this cast are offset, but it was impossible to use the
      upcast due to multiple offsets.  Probably this entire cast is still
      suspect.  We are surmising that the sensor became coated with
      protoplasmic slime early in the cast, some of which came off around
      340 decibars, and which kept gradually washing off during the down and
      up casts.

           Plots of the final conductivity slopes and offsets can be found
      in Figures 4 and 5.


                           Conductivity Correction Summary

                    Stations | CTD# | Cond.Slopes | Cond.Offsets@
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    682-686  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +4.0999e-2  
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    687-690  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +4.5252e-2  
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    691-710  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +4.3439e-2  
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    711-761  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +4.0357e-2  
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    762-769  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +3.8297e-2  
                    ---------+------+-------------+--------------
                    770-794  |  1   | -1.5079e-3  |  +3.6655e-2  


      @individual stations were adjusted after this for conductivity sensor
      shifting or to insure a consistent deep T-S relationship from cast to cast.


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      4.1.3.1.  Bottle vs. CTD Conductivity Statistical Summary

           The IOFFE6 calibrated bottle-minus-CTD conductivity statistics
      include bottle salinity values with quality 3 or 4.  There is approxi-
      mately a 1:1 correspondence between conductivity and salinity residual
      differences.  The following statistical results were generated from
      the final bottle data set and the final corrected CTD data:


                 IOFFE6 Final Bottle-CTD Conductivity Statistics             

             |                 |  mean conductivity   |           |        
      cruise |    pressure     |      difference      | standard  | #values
             |  range(dbars)   | (bottle-CTD mmho/cm) | deviation | in mean
      -------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------+--------
      IOFFE6 | all pressures   |      -.00025@@       |   .01758  |  2543  
             | allp (4,2rej) @ |      -.00009         |   .00162  |  2437  
             +-----------------+----------------------+-----------+--------
             | press < 1500    |       .00022         |   .01446  |  1559  
             | p<1500(4,2rej)@ |      -.00011         |   .00219  |  1477  
             +-----------------+----------------------+-----------+--------
             | press > 1500    |      -.00100@@@      |   .02161  |   984  
             | p>1500(4,2rej)@ |      -.00008         |   .00075  |   964  

        @ "4,2rej" means a 4,2 standard-deviation rejection filter was
          applied to the differences before generating the results.
       @@ A plot of these differences can be found in Figure 6a.
      @@@ A plot of these differences can be found in Figure 6b.


      4.2.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen Data

      4.2.1.  CTD Oxygen Corrections

           Dissolved oxygen data were acquired using Sensormedics dissolved
      oxygen sensors.  The ocean area in which this cruise occurred provided
      harsh conditions for CTD oxygen sensors, especially the freezing
      temperatures.  Due to the severe conditions, only the larger features
      in the CTD oxygen profiles should be considered realistic.  Many
      profiles are very noisy and/or have extraneous oscillations.

           CTD oxygen data are corrected after pressure, temperature and
      conductivity corrections have been determined.  CTD raw oxygen
      currents were extracted from the pressure-series data at isopycnals
      corresponding to the up-cast check samples.  Most pressure-series data
      were from the down casts, where oxygen data are usually smoother than
      up-cast data because of the more constant lowering rate, avoiding the
      flow-dependence problems occurring at up-cast bottle stops.  However,
      the IOFFE6 CTD oxygen data were affected with flow-dependence
      problems, down or up cast, each time a cast was stopped.  There can
      also be flow-dependence problems if a cast is slowed down, as often
      happens during bottom approaches.

           The CTD oxygen correction coefficients were determined by
      applying a modified Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares
      fitting procedure to residual differences between CTD and bottle
      oxygen values.  Bottle oxygen values were weighted as required to
      optimize the fitting of CTD oxygen to discrete bottle samples.  Some
      bottle levels were omitted from a fit because of large pressure
      differences between down- and up-cast CTD data at isopycnals.  Deep
      data points were often weighted more heavily than shallower data due
      to the higher density of shallow sampling on a typical 24-bottle
      sampling scheme.

           The IOFFE6 surface oxygen data fitting was adversely affected by
      the extreme cold conditions.  Freezing sensors, combined with the
      typical going-in-water bubbles/noise, made it difficult to fit CTD
      oxygens to the bottle data in the surface mixed layer of many casts.
      The value of data above the second check sample should be very
      carefully considered.  Sometimes, due to freezing of the oxygen
      sensor, the CTD oxygen data may be suspect for as much as the top 100
      decibars.  Any station where questionable data goes deeper than about
      10 decibars is noted in the "CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments" in
      Appendix D.

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      4.2.2.  Bottle vs. CTD Oxygen Statistical Summary

           The CTD oxygens are generated by fitting up cast oxygen bottle
      data to down cast CTD raw oxygen (amps) measurements along isopycnals.
      Residual oxygen differences are not generated from these comparisons,
      so no comparison statistics are shown in this report.

      4.3.  Additional Processing

           A software filter was used on 35 casts to remove conductivity or
      temperature spiking problems in about .066% of the time-series data
      frames.  Pressure did not require filtering.

           Oxygen spikes were filtered out of 6 casts.  The filtered oxygen
      levels affected approximately .008% of the time-series data frames.
      58.3% of the filtered oxygen data were shallower than 100 dbars and
      could possibly be directly related to bubbles trapped during the
      going-in-water transition or freezing of the sensor.

           The remaining density inversions in high-gradient regions cannot
      be accounted for by a mis-match of pressure, temperature and
      conductivity sensor response.  Detailed examination of the raw data
      shows significant mixing occurring in these areas because of ship
      roll.  The ship-roll filter resulted in a reduction in the amount and
      size of density inversions.

           After filtering, the down cast (or up cast - see table below)
      portion of each time-series was pressure-sequenced into 2-decibar
      pressure intervals.  A ship-roll filter was applied to each cast
      during pressure sequencing to disallow pressure reversals.

      5.  General Comments/Problems

           There is one pressure-sequenced CTD data set, to near the ocean
      floor, for each of 113 casts at 112 station locations.  There was a
      reoccupation of station 768 (as station 781).  There was additionally
      a 3-cast shakedown station, a freon bottle check station, plus one
      cast aborted to avoid an iceberg; these were neither processed nor
      reported.  Another CTD cast was done after the aborted cast at the
      same location.

           The data reported is from down casts, excepting the stations
      listed below:


                      UP-CAST PRESSURE-SERIES DATA REPORTED

                    Station(s) | Problem with Down Cast Data
                    -----------+----------------------------
                     687,769   | Salinity offset(s); up ok  
                    -----------+----------------------------
                       702     | CTD signal lost at approxi-
                               | mately 3655 db down (cast  
                               | 1); signal came back on way
                               | up. Went back down (called 
                               | cast 2) to get a complete  
                               | upcast and trip bottles.   
                               | Only complete cast is cast 
                               | 2 (upcast).                


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


           The top level(s) (0 or 0-2 decibar(s) usually, but up to 16
      decibars for a few stations with serious freezing problems) of some
      casts were extrapolated using a quadratic fit through the next three
      deeper levels.  Recorded surface values were rejected only when it
      appeared that the drift was caused by sensors adjusting to the in-
      water transition or freezing/thawing; if there was any question that
      the that the surface values might be real, the original data were
      reported.  Extrapolated surface levels are identified by a count of
      "1" in the "Number of Raw Frames in Average" reported with each data
      record in the files.  The pressures for these extrapolated data
      frames, as well as other cast-by-cast shipboard or processing
      comments, are listed in the "CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments" in
      Appendix D.

           Harsh weather during this cruise combined with working off the
      stern of the ship led to numerous wire problems.  These resulted in
      many stops, pauses, or yoyos during casts, the most severe of which
      are documented in Appendix D.

           In addition, missing data values, such as CTD oxygens in casts
      where the sensor failed or was not present on the rosette package, are
      represented as "-9" in the data files.  There are 20 such casts in
      this data set:

         687/02,688/01,689/01,690/01,692/01,719/01,720/01,721/01,723/01,
         724/01,773/01,774/01,775/01,776/01,777/01,778/01,779/01,780/01,
         781/01 and 782/01.

      There were 35 casts where the oxygen signal seemed to fail only during
      the top 80 or so decibars (probably due to extreme cold and/or sensor
      freezing); these are not reported as "-9", but the affected pressure
      levels are listed in Appendix D for the following stations:

         684,686,696,699,702,703,704,705,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,717,718,
         722,730,733,734,739,740,743,751,752,759,761,768,770,771,772,783,784 
         and 792 (all cast 1).

           The CTD oxygen sensor often requires several seconds in the water
      before being wet enough to respond properly; this is manifested as low
      or high CTD oxygen values at the start of some casts.  Flow-dependence
      problems occur when the lowering rate varies, or when the CTD is
      stopped, as at the cast bottom or bottle trips, where depletion of
      oxygen at the sensor can cause lower oxygen readings.







                                     Appendix C:


                              IOFFE6 Calibration Figures


                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS


      Figure 1a:   CTD #1 Pre-cruise Pressure Calibration
      Figure 1b:   CTD #1 Post-cruise Pressure Calibration

      Figure 2a:   CTD #1 Pre-cruise PRT-1 Temperature Calibration
      Figure 2b:   CTD #1 Post-cruise PRT-1 Temperature Calibration

      Figure 3a:   CTD #1 Pre-cruise PRT-2 Temperature Calibration
      Figure 3b:   CTD #1 Post-cruise PRT-2 Temperature Calibration

      Figure 4:    IOFFE6 Conductivity Slopes
      Figure 5:    IOFFE6 Conductivity Offsets

      Figure 6a:   IOFFE6 Residual Conductivity Bottle-CTD Differences - 
                   All Pressures
      Figure 6b:   IOFFE6 Residual Conductivity Bottle-CTD Differences - 
                   Prs>1500dbar

            NOTE:  some differences fall outside of the plotted limits.
                   Please refer to the bottle data quality codes.




                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

                                     Appendix D:


                           IOFFE6 Processing Notes (WOCE-S4)


                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS        






      1.   CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments
      2.   Cast Stops Longer Than 1 Minute
      3.   CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary
      4.   Summary of IOFFE6 CTD Oxygen Time Constants
      5.   Levenberg-Marquardt Non-linear Least-Squares-Fit Oxygen 
           Coefficients



               IOFFE6 / WOCE-S4 CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      681/01     shakedown cast, no samples - not part of final data
                 distribution
      681/02     shakedown cast, no samples - not part of final data
                 distribution
      681/03     shakedown cast, freon & SSW samples - not part of final data
                 distribution; new end termination after cast due to PRT2
                 problem
      682/01
      683/01
      684/01     delay before cast start (approx 30 min) due to ice "growlers"
                 near ship; top 20 db CTD oxygen questionable
      685/01     "steaming on wire on upcast"
      686/01     new xmiss; problems with oxygen signal noted during cast; top
                 15 db CTD oxygen questionable
      687/01     delay before cast start to avoid iceberg; cast ABORTED
      687/02     UP cast (salinity offset on down cast); no CTD oxygen data
                 (sensor not working properly)
      688/01     no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly)
      689/01     no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly); 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      690/01     no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly)
      691/01     new CTD oxygen sensor
      692/01     new CTD oxygen sensor; no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                 properly)
      693/01     new CTD oxygen sensor
      694/01     after cast: cut off 50 m CTD cable due to kink & unlays - new
                 end termination and added more weight to rosette
      694/03     shallow IOAN biology cast - not part of final data
                 distribution
      695/01
      696/01     xmiss not working properly?; top 18 db CTD oxygen questionable
      697/01     0-db level extrapolated
      698/01     need to clean xmiss windows:  uptrace very different from down
      699/01     top 40 db CTD oxygen questionable
      700/01
      701/01     swell causing slack wire on deployment; by 3600 m down, wind
                 up to 40 knots & decided to head back up to surface; wire very
                 slack at 10 m stop:  kinks in wire - after cast, cut wire &
                 reterminated; approx 3-min pause at 72 db down:  data affected
                 in all channels

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      702/01     hove to and waited 6 1/2 hrs to start due to wind (35 knots) &
                 swell; added 150 lbs more lead pre-cast; lost CTD signal at
                 3655 db down but kept going deeper, so incomplete cast - not
                 part of final data distribution
      702/02     UP cast:  continuation of 702/01 after CTD signal recovered &
                 cast already on its way back up (3240 mwo) - after CTD signal
                 recovery, cast taken back down to bottom before bringing up to
                 have a complete up cast for this station; slack wire at 60 m
                 stop:  kink; top 70 db CTD oxygen questionable
      703/01     kink in same place as station 702:  new end termination after
                 cast; top 120 db CTD oxygen questionable
      704/01     strong winds but seas not bad; 20 deg wire angle:  no slack
                 wire, no kinks; top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable
      705/01     rosette hit A-frame twice on recovery, breaking some bottles;
                 top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable
      706/01     little slack but not bad - towing at approx 20 deg angle; kink
                 in wire at same place as before: new end termination after
                 cast
      707/01     PRT2 repairs made pre-cast:  PRT2 board fixed inside CTD; 0-db
                 level extrapolated
      708/01     top 12 db CTD oxygen questionable
      709/01     lost CTD signal at 4339 db up:  problem in CTD/xmiss bulkhead
                 connector; top 80 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      710/01     no xmiss; top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable
      711/01     no xmiss; entire station's data questionable due to salinity/
                 conductivity shift at 343 db - upcast not usable due to
                 multiple offsets; as noted at sea, this station's CTD data was
                 totally different from surrounding stations and needed a large
                 conductivity offset adjustment to match surrounding stations'
                 deep T/S; top 110 db CTD oxygen questionable
      712/01     no xmiss; top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      713/01     no xmiss; top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      714/01     no xmiss; top 70 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      715/01     0-db level extrapolated
      716/01
      717/01     xmiss ??; top 70 db CTD oxygen questionable (noted at sea that
                 oxygen sensor probably frozen through mixed layer); 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      718/01     no xmiss; top 40 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      719/01     no xmiss; no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly)


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      720/01     no xmiss; no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly);
                 0-db level extrapolated
      721/01     no xmiss; no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly)
      722/01     no xmiss; top 80 db CTD oxygen questionable
      723/01     no xmiss; new CTD oxygen sensor; no CTD oxygen data (sensor
                 not working properly); during post-cast rosette recovery too
                 much wire paid out too quickly, resulting in kink:  new end
                 termination
      724/01     no xmiss; no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working properly);
                 0-db level extrapolated
      725/01     0-db level extrapolated
      726/01     0-db level extrapolated
      727/01     0,2-db levels extrapolated; -.001 salinity offset area
                 4174-4222 db
      728/01
      729/01     after cast in, noticed outer lay of armor looks loose
      730/01     top 100 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      731/01     0,2-db levels extrapolated
      732/01     0-db level extrapolated
      733/01     new end termination after cast; top 70 db CTD oxygen
                 questionable
      734/01     recovery ok, but some oil on water surface as rosette came
                 out; top 40 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      735/01
      736/01     recovery ok, but outer lay of armor unlaying again - either
                 spin or slack???; some big swells on this station
      737/01
      738/01     towing, seas up; loose strands to about 60 mwo; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      739/01     voltage problem - "meg" cable:  ok; xmiss not working well;
                 after cast, new end termination with guy grip; top 80 db CTD
                 oxygen questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      740/01     ok - wire shows signs of unlaying - block still seems a little
                 skewed with shackles - needs swivel?; top 80 db CTD oxygen
                 questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      741/01     xmiss off-scale & may not be working; 0-db level extrapolated
      742/01     surge during recovery:  wire kinked - new end termination
                 after cast; 0-db level extrapolated
      743/01     towing; wind 35 knots; xmiss off-scale and may not be working
                 properly; top 70 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      744/01     xmiss off-scale & may not be working properly; supposed to be
                 towing cast but slight forward angle as rosette entered water
                 & some slack wire - wire dropped to deck before bridge got
                 ship moving 3-4 min later; recovery ok but large kink/very
                 loose strand approx 10 m from rosette - new end termination;
                 0-db level extrapolated
      745/01     towing at 2 knots - good-size swell but launch ok; after
                 recovery found 2 kinks - big swell; xmiss not working; 0-db
                 level extrapolated
      746/01     waiting on weather - high seas & 39-43 knot winds; trawl wire
                 block rigged in place of CTD block; wind to 29-31 knots & big
                 swell but smoother at cast start - some problem with slack
                 wire - towing at 2 knots; when cast up weather better, but 2
                 kinks; xmiss not working; 0-db level extrapolated
      747/01     no xmiss; pre-cast added weight & found another kink in CTD
                 cable near winch
      748/01     no xmiss
      749/01     no xmiss
      750/01     no xmiss; pinger batteries died during cast (2500 m down);
                 0-db level extrapolated
      751/01     no xmiss; new pinger batteries; top 40 db CTD oxygen
                 questionable
      752/01     no xmiss; top 20 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      753/01     no xmiss; 0-db level extrapolated
      754/01     no xmiss; bottom depth changing by 400 m at beginning of
                 station from 3300 to 3700 m; 0-db level extrapolated
      755/01     xmiss on rosette; towing speed a little slow:  block bounced a
                 few times until angle increased, but when cast in, wire ok;
                 0-db level extrapolated
      756/01
      757/01
      758/01     0-db level extrapolated
      759/01     top 80 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      760/01
      761/01     top 80 db CTD oxygen questionable; multiple salinity offsets
                 in bottom 150 db caused by temperature and conductivity
                 offsets:  .001 to .003 salinity offset from 4132-4154 db,
                 approximately .004 from 4172-4196 db, and .001 to .002 from
                 4210-4250 db
      762/01     0-db level extrapolated
      763/01     on recovery, rosette hit A-frame 3 ft off deck, damaging some
                 bottles
      764/01
      765/01     good tow

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      766/01     after in found 1 bad kink - reterminated
      767/01     big swell - towing at 2 knots; after in found 4 kinks,
                 probably from slack during launch - new end termination after
                 cast; temperature, conductivity, salinity and oxygen look
                 strange in area between 530 and 800 db, but sigma theta stays
                 smooth - down/up casts very different in this area; 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      768/01     towed at 2+ knots - several slack wire surges 50-150 mwo;
                 pinger not working; top 40 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db
                 level extrapolated
      769/01     UP cast (salinity offset on down cast); wind approx 23 knots &
                 seas about same as station 768 - slack wire to deck about 25
                 mwo - wire looks ok:  no kinks/ strands a little loose; 0-db
                 level extrapolated
      770/01     weather better:  no slack wire; conductivity sensor cleaned
                 before this station; top 60 db CTD oxygen questionable (noted
                 at sea that oxygen sensor probably frozen as air temp -4.6
                 deg); 0-db level extrapolated
      771/01     good weather; top 60 db CTD oxygen questionable (noted at sea
                 that oxygen sensor probably frozen); 0-6-db levels
                 extrapolated
      772/01     top 50 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-10-db levels extrapolated
      773/01     freezing weather on deck; no CTD oxygen data (CTD oxygen
                 sensor failed at 10 m); 0-12-db levels extrapolated
      774/01     freezing weather on deck; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen
                 sensor); 0-8-db levels extrapolated
      775/01     freezing weather; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor);
                 0,2-db levels extrapolated
      776/01     freezing weather; stopped at 10 m to allow sensors to
                 equilibrate; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor);
                 0-12-db levels extrapolated
      777/01     loose fresh sea ice (pancake ice) - rosette entered in clear
                 water of prop wash/recovery in clear water; no CTD oxygen data
                 (no CTD oxygen sensor); 0-16-db levels extrapolated
      778/01     CTD cold-soaked or had ice on sensors - waited 4 min at 10 m
                 to warm up/ thaw sensors; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen
                 sensor); 0-8-db levels extrapolated
      779/01     warmed CTD at 10 m for 3 min - top 10 m of down cast no good -
                 sensors frozen; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor);
                 0-8-db levels extrapolated
      780/01     held at 10 m down to warm up CTD; no CTD oxygen data (no CTD
                 oxygen sensor); 0-8-db levels extrapolated
      781/01     no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor); 0-db level
                 extrapolated

                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      sta/cast   Comments
      --------   ------------------------------------------------------------
      782/01     no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor); 0-db level
                 extrapolated
      783/01     CTD oxygen sensor back on; top 80 db CTD oxygen questionable;
                 0-db level extrapolated
      784/01     top 50 db CTD oxygen questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      785/01     0,2-db levels extrapolated
      786/01     0-db level extrapolated
      787/01     sampled during blizzard; 0-db level extrapolated
      788/01     big swell - tow at 2.5 knots - no slack during launch; slack
                 wire on recovery approx 50 mwo even though no stop - wind 25
                 knots - rough seas - several bad kinks: new end termination;
                 large wire angle
      789/01     wind 21 knots - seas still rough - waiting for seas to die
                 down; launch ok; on recovery, kink in level wind when paying
                 out wire during recovery; 0-db level extrapolated
      790/01     0-db level extrapolated
      791/01     towing at 2 knots - ok; 0-db level extrapolated
      792/01     towing at 1.5 knots, then increasing to 2 knots; top 80 db CTD
                 oxygen questionable; 0-db level extrapolated
      793/01
      794/01     final S4 station; 0-db level extrapolated
      795/01     freon cast - not part of final data distribution; after
                 recovery found 1 bad kink


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


                    IOFFE6: CAST STOPS LONGER THAN 1-MINUTE

            station   down   #minutes   avg.pressure     pressure
             /cast    /up    stopped     (decibars)        range
            ------------------------------------------------------
            682/01    DOWN      3.3         12           (10 - 14)
                                5.5         34           (32 - 36)
                                7.1         74           (72 - 76)
            683/01    DOWN      3.4         12           (10 - 14)
                                1.9         74           (72 - 76)
            684/01    DOWN      3.6         11           (8 - 14)
                                2.1         72           (70 - 74)
            685/01    DOWN      2.1         12           (10 - 14)
                                3.3         73           (70 - 76)
            686/01    DOWN      1.5         12           (10 - 14)
                                2.9         74           (72 - 76)
            687/02     UP       2.6         11           (8  - 14)
                                1.0         32           (30 - 34)
            688/01    DOWN      4.0          9           (2  - 16)
            689/01    DOWN      1.6         12           (10 - 14)
                                2.0         72           (70 - 74)
            690/01    DOWN      2.6         11           (8  - 14)
                                2.1         71           (68 - 74)
            691/01    DOWN      1.5         10           (8  - 12)
                                4.7         74           (72 - 76)
                                1.2       3998         (3996 - 4000)
            692/01    DOWN      3.3          7           (2  - 12)
            693/01    DOWN      1.3         11           (8  - 14)
            694/01    DOWN      3.2          7           (2  - 12)
                                2.6         70           (68 - 72)
            697/01    DOWN      1.7         72           (70 - 74)
            698/01    DOWN      3.9        103          (100 - 106)
                                1.7        203          (202 - 204)
                                1.3       4221         (4218 - 4224)
            701/01    DOWN      3.2         72           (70 - 74)
            702/02     UP       1.6         70           (68 - 72)
            703/01    DOWN      1.2        149          (148 - 150)
            704/01    DOWN      3.1        196          (194 - 198)
                                2.4        495          (490 - 500)
            711/01    DOWN      4.4       4251         (4248 - 4254)
            712/01    DOWN      1.4       4145         (4144 - 4146)
            768/01    DOWN      1.5       1257         (1252 - 1262)
                                1.5       1297         (1294 - 1300)
            787/01    DOWN      1.0       2350         (2348 - 2352)
                                1.2       2784         (2782 - 2786)


                                                         S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

     
      IOFFE6: CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary
      
                PRT     Temperature Coefficients     Conductivity Coefficients
      Sta/   Response   corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c1*C + c0
      Cast  Time (secs)   t2            t1          t0        c1          c0
      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      682/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0410
      683/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0410
      684/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0410
      685/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0410
      686/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0410
      687/02  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0453
      688/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0463
      689/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0468
      690/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0453
      691/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      692/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      693/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      694/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      695/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      696/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      697/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      698/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      699/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      700/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      701/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      702/02  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0449
      703/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      704/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      705/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      706/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      707/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      708/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      709/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      710/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0434
      711/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0754
      712/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      713/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      714/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      715/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      716/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      717/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      718/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      719/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      720/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      721/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      722/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      723/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      724/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      725/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      726/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      727/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      728/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      729/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      730/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      731/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      732/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      733/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      734/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      735/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      736/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      737/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      738/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      739/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      740/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      741/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      742/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      743/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      744/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      745/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      746/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0394
      747/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      748/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      749/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      750/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      751/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      752/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0419
      753/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      754/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      755/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0414
      756/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      757/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      758/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      759/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      760/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      761/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0404
      762/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      763/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      764/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      765/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      766/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      767/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      768/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0383
      769/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0398
      770/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      771/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      772/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      773/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      774/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      775/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      776/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      777/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      778/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      779/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      780/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      781/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      782/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      783/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      784/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      785/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      786/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      787/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0357
      788/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0357
      789/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      790/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      791/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      792/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      793/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      794/01  .325    2.18853e-05  -8.35260e-04  -1.4839  -1.50792e-03  0.0367
      
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF CTD Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe
 

                       Summary of IOFFE6 CTD Oxygen Time Constants

                             Temperature        | Press. | O2 Grad. 
                      ---------------------------------------------
                      Fast(tauTF) | Slow(tauTS) | (tauP) | (tauOG)  
                      ------------+-------------+--------+---------
                         32.0     |    363.0    |  19.4  |   60.0   



      IOFFE6 CTD Oxygen:  Levenberg-Marquardt Non-linear Least-Squares-Fit Coefficients
      
      Sta/       Slope        Offset        Pcoeff        TFcoeff       TScoeff       OGcoeff
      Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)        (c4/fast)     (c5/slow)        (c6)
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      682/01  4.41656e-04   2.81506e-01   2.59066e-04  -1.18066e-01   8.75760e-02  -5.92099e-05
      683/01  1.12553e-03  -3.49833e-01  -8.22970e-05   3.68271e-02  -3.19311e-03  -5.34368e-03
      684/01  6.16649e-04   1.61790e-01  -4.60659e-04  -5.03203e-02   2.24278e-02   1.04247e-02
      685/01  7.08322e-04  -7.98769e-02  -5.66257e-05  -3.27601e-02   9.56105e-02  -2.11736e-03
      686/01  6.81419e-04  -1.51064e-01   1.80425e-04  -2.71929e-02  -1.50646e-02   1.83377e-05
      691/01  1.06698e-03  -2.53905e-02   1.63225e-04  -1.37322e-02  -7.67522e-03  -4.78056e-04
      693/01  1.24055e-03  -8.53240e-02   1.75683e-04   1.35587e-02  -6.06646e-02   3.96825e-03
      694/01  1.13914e-03  -4.54231e-02   1.67281e-04   1.90263e-02  -3.38050e-02  -2.89906e-03
      695/01  1.25086e-03  -1.49895e-01   2.24898e-04   4.22672e-02  -2.73415e-02  -1.12904e-02
      696/01  1.15387e-03   2.69581e-02   1.19573e-04  -3.07104e-02  -4.85211e-02   2.10160e-02
      
      697/01  1.25846e-03  -8.04296e-02   1.69573e-04   1.06062e-02  -5.16751e-02   7.56906e-03
      698/01  9.97905e-04   2.12734e-02   1.50025e-04  -1.26084e-02   2.83711e-03  -5.24004e-04
      699/01  1.13006e-03  -4.24718e-02   1.68862e-04  -5.55727e-04  -1.61875e-02   4.39058e-03
      700/01  1.09283e-03  -2.81896e-03   1.51030e-04   9.62159e-03  -3.68770e-02   2.03188e-03
      701/01  1.20881e-03  -1.13564e-01   2.04570e-04   1.35117e-02  -7.07136e-03   7.47335e-04
      702/02  1.13335e-03  -4.48679e-02   1.66911e-04  -1.47351e-02   2.48849e-02  -4.93871e-03
      703/01  4.95642e-04   3.41654e-01   5.72309e-05  -1.30936e-01   8.31153e-02  -1.47493e-02
      704/01  1.08428e-03  -4.90157e-02   1.81499e-04  -2.35185e-03   9.69122e-03  -3.51149e-03
      705/01  9.51020e-04   1.23543e-01   9.83544e-05  -8.45067e-02   2.29196e-02   1.99789e-02
      706/01  1.12179e-03  -7.51298e-02   1.95906e-04  -5.71601e-04   1.78119e-02  -3.25526e-03
      
      707/01  1.13968e-03  -3.36107e-02   1.61342e-04  -1.24755e-02  -1.05295e-02   4.88687e-03
      708/01  1.09264e-03   2.40151e-02   1.32699e-04  -3.40506e-02  -1.43238e-02   1.33208e-02
      709/01  1.17928e-03  -8.47251e-02   1.89398e-04   2.05195e-02  -2.48384e-02   1.17111e-02
      710/01  9.80998e-04   1.20630e-01   1.00686e-04  -5.23040e-02  -1.81247e-02   2.19228e-02
      711/01  9.96184e-04   1.34570e-01   9.13930e-05  -6.80733e-02  -1.92439e-02   2.94639e-02
      712/01  1.15907e-03  -5.53703e-03   1.43922e-04  -2.32606e-02  -1.47306e-02  -1.78617e-04
      713/01  1.21997e-03  -6.29919e-02   1.73581e-04  -1.66829e-02  -5.79670e-03  -3.99356e-03
      
      714/01  1.31936e-03  -1.47018e-01   2.10924e-04  -2.05979e-02   3.30750e-02   1.19064e-03
      715/01  1.33844e-03  -1.31428e-01   1.91589e-04   3.60549e-02  -3.88092e-02  -4.04108e-04
      716/01  1.29558e-03  -1.21359e-01   1.95892e-04   2.69460e-02  -3.68500e-02   5.28753e-03
      
      717/01  6.17421e-04   3.18335e-01   5.54860e-05  -7.22565e-02  -1.39745e-03  -5.12861e-03
      718/01  1.25441e-03  -1.27688e-01   2.11262e-04   3.90072e-02  -2.30022e-02  -2.28054e-02
      722/01  1.02297e-03   4.00209e-02   1.37768e-04  -2.67640e-02   8.86520e-03  -3.32302e-03
      725/01  1.01728e-03   1.24892e-02   1.51013e-04  -4.12244e-02  -1.07148e-02   1.59435e-02
      726/01  9.22823e-04   8.80208e-02   1.25605e-04  -1.34292e-02  -2.12598e-02   4.10653e-03
      727/01  9.43562e-04   9.17664e-02   1.18396e-04  -3.85186e-02  -1.00319e-02   6.38133e-03
      728/01  1.02918e-03   1.84145e-02   1.48880e-04  -1.35024e-02  -1.25400e-02   4.99005e-03
      729/01  1.04585e-03   4.14905e-02   1.32547e-04  -2.11893e-02  -2.34922e-02   7.62123e-03
      730/01  9.30988e-04   9.30923e-02   1.20562e-04  -3.05369e-02   6.00394e-03  -8.30193e-03
      731/01  9.87435e-04   5.70260e-02   1.32424e-04  -2.90472e-02  -2.43773e-03   3.13893e-03
      
      732/01  9.66307e-04   8.32789e-02   1.23135e-04  -2.28400e-02  -1.56844e-02   3.33191e-03
      733/01  1.00736e-03   5.15322e-02   1.34336e-04  -2.11251e-02  -8.56873e-03   1.91424e-03
      734/01  1.06679e-03   9.28361e-04   1.55277e-04  -1.09244e-02  -2.94109e-03   3.02109e-03
      735/01  1.07422e-03   1.63055e-02   1.43831e-04  -1.60743e-02  -1.17162e-02   5.20765e-03
      736/01  1.06161e-03   3.51262e-02   1.36107e-04  -1.49699e-02  -2.47393e-02   4.63908e-03
      737/01  9.43655e-04   9.54865e-02   1.22031e-04  -2.35100e-02  -1.29253e-02   1.03330e-03
      738/01  1.01605e-03   4.69968e-02   1.36045e-04  -2.45487e-02  -4.42285e-03   6.98044e-03
      739/01  1.04500e-03   4.12862e-02   1.34994e-04  -2.21867e-02  -2.67270e-02   6.59985e-03
      740/01  1.00722e-03   4.68610e-02   1.37644e-04  -2.82343e-02  -1.27683e-02   9.70662e-03
      741/01  1.07689e-03   6.21134e-03   1.51098e-04  -2.14836e-02  -2.29251e-03   1.66719e-03
      
      742/01  1.11749e-03  -1.99199e-02   1.59652e-04  -2.32734e-02  -2.91259e-03   5.71045e-03
      743/01  1.08062e-03   2.41658e-03   1.54384e-04  -5.48815e-04  -1.51616e-02   2.73304e-03
      744/01  7.92861e-04   2.03175e-01   8.83111e-05  -7.48440e-02  -6.32590e-03   1.05644e-02
      745/01  9.78509e-04   1.29462e-01   9.39197e-05  -8.56711e-02  -2.68440e-02   1.76821e-02
      746/01  1.06157e-03   3.33899e-02   1.34159e-04  -4.94038e-02  -3.17785e-02   1.07234e-02
      747/01  1.03218e-03   4.64828e-02   1.33465e-04  -3.57133e-02  -2.10449e-02   1.25009e-02
      748/01  1.00945e-03   5.05572e-02   1.36613e-04  -2.77915e-02  -1.18835e-03   3.90772e-03
      749/01  1.08489e-03  -3.15783e-03   1.59603e-04  -7.30272e-03  -5.27910e-03   8.99389e-04
      750/01  9.81795e-04   7.61463e-02   1.27556e-04  -2.54811e-02  -9.14099e-03   5.19314e-03
      751/01  1.03046e-03   6.21426e-02   1.26067e-04  -2.63776e-02  -3.74864e-02   1.60283e-02
      
      752/01  1.06352e-03   3.38857e-03   1.60193e-04  -6.69881e-03   1.27223e-03   2.82855e-03
      753/01  1.19316e-03  -7.14764e-02   1.83943e-04   2.02358e-02  -1.73475e-02  -1.51704e-03
      754/01  1.06753e-03  -1.20240e-02   1.71504e-04  -1.47634e-02   1.15604e-02   5.94094e-04
      755/01  1.04002e-03   3.34986e-02   1.43687e-04  -3.56100e-02   1.20365e-02   4.30685e-03
      756/01  1.11417e-03  -2.90768e-02   1.72046e-04  -6.36752e-03   1.53638e-03  -3.22713e-03
      757/01  1.03159e-03   5.17161e-02   1.32950e-04  -2.78426e-02  -1.22045e-02   4.45065e-03
      758/01  1.06727e-03   3.26866e-02   1.40032e-04  -2.00083e-02  -2.21015e-02   4.19773e-03
      
      759/01  1.07458e-03   2.32103e-02   1.43934e-04   3.31199e-03  -3.82828e-02   4.30527e-03
      760/01  1.03626e-03   4.95339e-02   1.33178e-04  -4.58149e-02   6.18640e-03   6.81963e-03
      761/01  1.37846e-03  -1.86038e-01   2.27162e-04   4.58648e-02  -3.96518e-02   1.45495e-03
      
      762/01  1.02235e-03   4.93738e-02   1.35020e-04  -2.86184e-02  -1.67663e-03   3.29039e-03
      763/01  9.56944e-04   8.21471e-02   1.27766e-04  -3.08040e-02  -8.93907e-04   4.38508e-03
      764/01  9.95644e-04   8.16647e-02   1.20702e-04   5.78796e-03  -4.89629e-02   1.14173e-02
      765/01  8.81785e-04   1.59011e-01   9.60669e-05  -7.35669e-02   3.03010e-05   9.06128e-03
      766/01  6.66657e-04   3.11005e-01   5.35788e-05  -9.58272e-02  -2.77111e-02   2.20680e-02
      767/01  1.00595e-03   8.70842e-02   1.13879e-04  -6.61491e-02  -1.71870e-03   7.47700e-03
      768/01  1.00595e-03   8.70842e-02   1.13879e-04  -6.61491e-02  -1.71870e-03   7.47700e-03
      769/01  9.60211e-04   1.31875e-01   9.47621e-05  -7.78393e-02   1.85687e-02   5.80810e-03
      770/01  2.85714e-04   5.69253e-01  -9.57164e-06  -1.79322e-01  -1.94009e-02   5.99516e-03
      771/01  1.43330e-03  -1.49962e-01   1.79819e-04  -1.35956e-02  -4.59710e-02   1.68344e-03
      
      772/01  4.99006e-04   3.08401e-01   8.56742e-05  -5.32395e-02   1.81703e-02   8.53352e-04
      783/01  3.99416e-04   3.29057e-01   2.86458e-05  -1.43662e-01   1.22821e-02   1.81898e-02
      784/01  8.27242e-04   6.18770e-02   3.80352e-05  -8.66567e-02  -7.50808e-02   2.46716e-02
      785/01  5.82952e-04   2.64293e-01   1.51268e-05  -1.72123e-01   5.02482e-04   1.82899e-02
      786/01  7.01986e-04   1.30892e-01   5.17891e-05  -1.56562e-01   2.89275e-02   2.24523e-02
      787/01  1.13594e-03  -2.45698e-01   2.19656e-04   4.84864e-02  -1.08180e-02  -8.06271e-03
      788/01  4.41362e-04   3.93432e-01   2.77288e-05  -1.32294e-01  -2.46089e-02   1.92975e-02
      789/01  8.56845e-04   4.45344e-02   1.25687e-04  -5.25621e-02  -1.12070e-02   7.20958e-03
      790/01  7.66731e-04   1.10904e-01   1.19183e-04  -9.05424e-03  -5.64651e-02   1.77683e-02
      791/01  5.69547e-04   2.64954e-01   7.08795e-05  -9.53088e-02  -2.07165e-03   9.90014e-03
      
      792/01  4.29547e-04   3.91761e-01   1.75663e-05  -9.66987e-02  -2.63754e-03   1.92703e-02
      793/01  8.69680e-04   1.75433e-02   1.48746e-04  -4.27301e-02   5.44298e-03  -1.32688e-03
      794/01  8.85232e-04   2.84766e-01  -6.96094e-04  -1.20620e-02   1.18321e-01  -1.52724e-03
      
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                        S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe
      
      
                     World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) S4P
                           R/V Akademik Ioffe  RUKDIOFFE6/1
                                   920214  - 920406
                    Montevideo, Uruguay to Wellington, New Zealand
      
                                    CHIEF SCIENTIST
                                  Mikhail Koshlyakov
            Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
                                        Moscow
                                         and
                                     James Richman
                                Oregon State University
                                     Corvallis, OR
      
                                  DATA SUBMITTED BY:
                          Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                              Oceanographic Data Facility
                          Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                             UC San Diego, Mail Code 0214
                                   9500 Gilman Drive
                               La Jolla, CA  92093-0214
      
                                 phone: (619) 534-1903
                                  fax: (619) 534-7383
                               e-mail: ksanborn@ucsd.edu
      
      
      
               DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS
      
      ODF CTD/rosette casts were carried out with a 24 bottle rosette sampler of
      ODF manufacture using General Oceanics pylons.  An ODF-modified NBIS Mark 3
      CTD, a Benthos altimeter and a SeaTech transmissometer provided by Texas
      A&M University (TAMU) were mounted on the rosette frame.  Seawater samples
      were collected in 10-liter PVC Niskin and ODF bottles mounted on the
      rosette frame.  A Benthos pinger with a self-contained battery pack was
      mounted separately on the rosette frame; its signal was displayed on the
      precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's laboratory.  The rosette/CTD
      was suspended from a three-conductor wire which provided power to the CTD
      and relayed the CTD signal to the laboratory.
      
      Each CTD cast extended to within approximately 10 meters of the bottom
      unless the bottom returns from both the pinger and the altimeter were
      extremely poor.  The bottles were numbered 1 through 24.  When one of these
      24 bottles needed servicing and repairs could not be accomplished by the
      next cast, the replacement bottle was given a new number.  The replacement
      bottles were numbered 25 through 30.  Subsets of CTD data taken at the time
      of water sample collection were transmitted to the bottle data files
      immediately after each cast to provide pressure and temperature at the
      sampling depth, and to facilitate the examination and quality control of
      the bottle data as the laboratory analyses were completed.  The CTD data
      and documentation are submitted separately to the chief scientist.
      
      After each rosette cast was brought on board, water samples were drawn in
      the following order: Freon (CFC-11 and CFC-12), Helium-3, Oxygen, Total
      CO2, Alkalinity, AMS 14C, Tritium, Nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate
      and nitrite), and Salinity.  The samples and the ODF or Niskin sampler they
      were drawn from were recorded on the Sample Log sheet.  Comments regarding
      integrity of the water sample (valve open, lanyard caught in lid, etc.)
      were also noted on the Sample Log sheets.
      
      The discrete hydrographic data were entered into the shipboard data system
      and processed as the analyses were completed.  The bottle data were brought
      to a useable, though not final, state at sea.  ODF data checking procedures
      included verification that the sample was assigned to the correct depth.
      This was accomplished by checking the raw data sheets, which included the
      raw data value and the water sample bottle, versus the sample log sheets.
      Any comments regarding the water samples were investigated.  The raw data
      computer files were also checked for entry errors.  Investigation of data
      included comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen with CTD data, and review
      of data plots of the station profile alone and compared to nearby stations.
      
      If a data value did not either agree satisfactorily with the CTD or with
      other nearby data, then analysis and sampling notes, plots, and nearby data
      were reviewed.  If any problem was indicated, the data value was flagged.
      Appendix C, the Bottle Data Processing Notes, includes comments regarding
      missing samples and investigative remarks for comments made on the Sample
      Log sheets, as well as all flagged (WOCE coded) data values.
      


                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      The WOCE codes were assigned to the water data using the criteria:
      
      code 4 =  Does not fit station profile and/or adjoining station
                comparisons.  There are analytical notes indicating a problem,
                but data values are reported.  ODF recommends deletion of these
                data values.  Analytical notes for salinity and/or oxygen may
                include large differences between the water sample and CTD
                profiles.  Sampling errors are also coded 4.
      
      code 3 =  Does not fit station profile or adjoining station comparisons. No
                notes from analyst indicating a problem.  Datum could be real,
                but the decision as to whether it is acceptable will be made by a
                scientist rather than ODF's technicians.
      
      code 2 =  Acceptable measurement.
      
      code 1 =  Sample for this measurement was drawn from water bottle, but
                results of analysis not received.
      
      The quality flags assigned to the bottle as defined in the WOCE Operations
      manual are further clarified as follows: If the bottle tripped at a
      different level than planned, ODF assigned it a code 4.  If the bottle
      tripped between the scheduled trip and the next trip, as indicated by the
      water sample data, ODF coded these bottles 3.  If there is a 4 code on the
      bottle, and 2 codes on the salinity, oxygen and nutrients then the pressure
      assignment was probably correct.  An air leak is identified by a 3 code on
      the bottle and 4 code on the oxygen.  Air leaks only affect the gas
      samples.
      
      The following table shows the number of ODF samples drawn and the number of
      times each WOCE sample code was assigned.
      
      
          -------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Rosette Samples Stations 682-794                 
          -------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Reported                WHP Quality Codes              
                       levels    1      2       3     4       5    7       9
          ----------++--------+----------------------------------------------
          Bottle    ||  2612  |  0     2500    30     71      0     0      11
          CTD Salt  ||  2590  |  0     2565    24      1      0     0      22
          CTD Oxy   ||  2099  |  0     2040    59      0     24     0     489
          Salinity  ||  2565  |  0     2493    35     37      0     0      47
          Oxygen    ||  2553  |  0     2515     9     29      9     0      50
          Silicate  ||  2561  |  0     2533     6     22      3     0      48
          Nitrate   ||  2561  |  0     2484    56     21      3     0      48
          Nitrite   ||  2561  |  0     2538     2     21      3     0      48
          Phosphate ||  2560  |  0     2532     7     21      4     0      48
      
      
      Pressure and Temperature
      
      All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the
      rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at
      the time the bottle was closed on the rosette.  All reported CTD data are
      calibrated and processed with the methodology described in the
      documentation accompanying the CTD data submission.
      
      The temperatures are based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      Salinity
      
      The water sample salinities were measured with an ODF-modified Guildline
      Autosal Model 8400A salinometer (Serial Number 57-396) that was
      standardized for each cast with IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-108.
      Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate
      bottles with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps.
      This assembly provides very low container dissolution and sample
      evaporation.  Salinity was determined after sample equilibration to
      laboratory temperature, usually within 8-36 hours of collection.
      Salinometers were located in a temperature-controlled laboratory.  Only one
      salinometer was used for the salinity samples.  This salinometer was
      connected to a computer to automate the data aquisition.
      
      Salinity bottles were rinsed three times before filling.  Salinity has been
      calculated according to the equations of the Practical Salinity Scale of
      1978 (UNESCO, 1981).  This calculation uses the conductivity ratio
      determined from bottle samples analyzed (minimum of two recorded analyses
      per sample bottle after flushing).  The Autosal salinometer was calibrated
      against a single batch of Wormley IAPSO standard seawater, P-108, with at
      least one fresh vial opened per cast.
      
      Accuracy estimates of bottle salinities run at sea are usually better than
      0.002 psu relative to the specified batch of standard.  Although laboratory
      precision of the Autosal can be as small as 0.0002 psu when running
      replicate samples under ideal conditions, at sea the expected precision is
      about 0.001 psu under normal conditions, with a stable lab temperature.
      
      Oxygen
      
      Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette
      sampler was brought on board and after CFC and helium were drawn.  Nominal
      125 ml volume iodine flasks were rinsed carefully 3 times using sample
      seawater with minimal agitation, then filled via a drawing tube, and
      allowed to overflow for at least 2 flask volumes.  The draw temperature was
      measured and reagents were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering.  The
      flasks were shaken twice; immediately after drawing, and then again after
      20 minutes, to assure thorough dispersion of the Mn(OH)2 precipitate.  The
      samples were analyzed within 4-36 hours of collection.
      
      Dissolved oxygen analyses, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were
      performed via titration in the volume-calibrated iodine flasks with an SIO
      automated oxygen titrator with a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0
      ml buret, using the whole-bottle Winkler titration following the technique
      of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al.  (1991).
      Standardizations were performed with 0.01N potassium iodate solutions
      prepared from preweighed potassium iodate crystals.  Standards were run at
      the beginning of each session of analyses, which typically included from 1
      to 3 stations.  Several standards were made up and compared to assure that
      the results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a
      weighing error.  A correction was made for the amount of oxygen introduced
      with the reagents.  Combined reagent/distilled water blanks were determined
      to account for oxidizing or reducing materials in the reagents.
      
      The data processor and/or analyst plotted the oxygen standards and blanks
      and reviewed the data for possible problems with standards and/or blanks.
      
      Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
      kilogram using the in-situ temperature.  Ideally, for whole-bottle
      titrations, the conversion temperature should be the temperature of the
      water issuing from the Niskin bottle spigot.  The temperature of the
      samples was measured at the time the sample was drawn from the bottle, but
      were not used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles
      per kilogram because the software is not available.  Aberrant temperatures
      provided an additional flag indicating that a bottle may not have tripped
      properly.  Measured sample temperatures from mid-deep water samples were
      about 4-7 degree C warmer than in-situ temperature.  Had the conversion
      with the measured sample temperature been made, converted oxygen values,
      would be about 0.08% higher for a 6 degree C warming (or about 0.2umol/kg
      for a 250umol/kg sample).
      
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      Nutrients
      
      The nutrient analyses were performed by an analyst from Scripps Institution
      of Oceanography, Shipboard Technical Support/Oceanographic Data Facility
      (STS/ODF).  Nutrients (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) analyses,
      reported in micromoles/kilogram, were performed on a modified AutoAnalyzer
      II.  The procedures used are described in Gordon et al.  (1992).
      Standardizations were performed with solutions prepared aboard ship from
      preweighed standards.  These solutions were used as working standards
      before and after each cast (approximately 24 samples) to correct for
      instrumental drift during analyses.  Sets of 4-6 different concentrations
      of shipboard standards were analyzed periodically to determine the
      linearity of colorimeter response and the resulting correction factors.
      Phosphate was analyzed using hydrazine reduction of phosphomolybdic acid as
      described by Bernhardt & Wilhelms (1967).  Silicate was analyzed using
      stannous chloride reduction of silicomolybdic acid.  Nitrite was analyzed
      using diazotization and coupling to form dye; nitrate was reduced by
      copperized cadmium and then analyzed as nitrite.  These three analyses use
      the methods of Armstrong et al.  (1967).
      
      Samples were drawn into 45 ml high density polypropylene, narrow mouth,
      screw-capped centrifuge tubes which were rinsed twice before filling.  Some
      samples may have been refrigerated at 2 to 6 degree C for a maximum of 12
      hours.
      
      Nutrients were converted from micromoles per liter to micromoles per
      kilogram by dividing by sample density calculated at a laboratory
      temperature measured at 25 degree C.
      
      
      DATA COMPARISONS AND COMMENTS
      
      The oxygen and nutrient data were compared by ODF with those from adjacent
      stations.  Dr. James Swift did comparisons with historical data sets.
      
      Data checking procedures included verification of sample depth, accuracy of
      data entry, and data comparisons.  Checking the raw data recordings, which
      included the raw data value and the water sample bottle, versus the sample
      log sheets verified sample trip depths.  The raw data computer files were
      also checked against data sheets and logs for entry errors.  Investigation
      of data included comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen with CTD data,
      and review of data plots of the station profile alone and compared to
      nearby stations.
      
      If a data value did not either agree satisfactorily with the CTD or with
      other nearby data (for example in a plot comparison), analysis and sampling
      notes, plots, and nearby data were reviewed.  If any problem was indicated
      the data value was flagged.  ODF preserved all bottle data values.
      
      Historically, most failures to return a validated water sample can be
      traced to the rosette pylon, with ship's wire and CTD cable end termination
      the next most frequent leading cause.  However, on this expedition the
      pylons and wire worked nearly perfectly, and the leading causes of failure
      to return a reportable water sample were miscellaneous mechanical problems
      with the rosette bottles, i.e., a lanyard hanging up in a lid, open spigot
      and/or vent.
      
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      
                   REFERENCES AND UNCITED SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
      
      Armstrong, F. A. J., C. R. Stearns, and J. D. H. Strickland, 1967.  The
           measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means
           of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment, Deep-Sea
           Research, 1144, 381-389.
      
      Atlas, E. L., S. W. Hager, L. I. Gordon and P. K. Park, 1971.  A Practical
           Manual for Use of the Technicon(R) AutoAnalyzer(R) in Seawater
           Nutrient Analyses; Revised.  Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22.
           Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography.  49 pp.
      
      Bernhardt, H. and A. Wilhelms, 1967.  The continuous determination of low
           level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the
           AutoAnalyzer, Technicon Symposia, Volume I, 385-389.
      
      Brewer, P. G. and G. T. F. Wong, 1974.  The determination and distribution
           of iodate in South Atlantic waters.  Journal of Marine Research,
           3322,1:25-36.
      
      Bryden, H. L., 1973. New Polynomials for Thermal Expansion, Adiabatic
           Temperature Gradient, Deep-Sea Research, 2200, 401-408.
      
      Carpenter, J. H., 1965.  The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the
           Winkler dissolved oxygen method, Limnology and Oceanography, 1100,
           141-143.
      
      Carter, D. J. T., 1980 (Third Edition).  Echo-Sounding Correction Tables,
           Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, Taunton Somerset.
      
      Chen, C.-T. and F. J. Millero, 1977. Speed of sound in seawater at high
           pressures.  Journal Acoustical Society of America, 6622, No. 5,
           1129-1135.
      
      Culberson, C. H., Williams, R. T., et al, August, 1991.  A comparison of
           methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater, WHP
           Office Report WHPO 91-2.
      
      Fofonoff, N. P., 1977. Computation of Potential Temperature of Seawater for
           an Arbitrary Reference Pressure.  Deep-Sea Research, 2244, 489-491.
      
      Fofonoff, N. P. and R. C. Millard, 1983. Algorithms for Computation of
           Fundamental Properties of Seawater. UNESCO Report No. 44, 15-24.
      
      Gordon, L. I., Jennings, Joe C. Jr, Ross, Andrew A., Krest, James M., 1992.
           A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of
           Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint
           Global Ocean Fluxes Study.  OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem
           Oc. Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1.
      
      Hager, S. W., E. L. Atlas, L. D. Gordon, A. W. Mantyla, and P. K. Park,
           1972.  A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of
           phosphate, nitrate, and silicate.  Limnology and Oceanography, 1177,
           931-937.
      
      Lewis, E. L., 1980. The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and Its Antecedents.
           IEEE Journal of Oceanographic Engineering, OE-5, 3-8.
      
      Mantyla, A. W., 1982-1983. Private correspondence.
      
      Millero, F. J., C.-T. Chen, A. Bradshaw and K. Schleicher, 1980.  A New
           High Pressure Equation of State for Seawater.  Deep-Sea Research, 2277AA,
           255-264.
      
      Saunders, P. M., 1981.  Practical Conversion of Pressure to Depth.  Journal
           of Physical Oceanography, 1111, 573-574.
      
      Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, and R. H. Fleming, 1942.  The Oceans, Their
           Physics, Chemistry and General Biology, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood
           Cliff, N.J.
      
      
      UNESCO, 1981.  Background papers and supporting data on the Practical
           Salinity Scale, 1978.  UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.
           37, 144 p.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      
      
                   APPENDIX C Data comments:  Hydrographic data
      
      
      Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, and WOCE codes other than 2
      from RUKDIOFFE6/1 WOCE S4P.  Investigation of data may include comparison
      of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots of
      the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading of charts (i.e.,
      nutrients). Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of ODF's investi-
      gations are included in this report.  Units stated in these comments are 
      milliliters per liter for oxygen and micromoles per liter for Silicate,
      Nitrate, and Phosphate, unless otherwise noted.  The first number before
      the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number
      (BTLNBR).
      
      STATION 684
      
      111            CTDO Processor: "Top 20db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      106            Not enough water left for salt.  Salt sample logged and run.
                     Delta-S .022 low at 162db. Calc ok. High gradient.  Footnote
                     salinity questionable.
      
      103            Sample log:"Bad air vent leak-not tight" Delta-S .002 low at
                     303db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      102            Sample log:"Not enough left for salt" Salt sample logged and
                     run. Delta-S .006 low at 363db. Good agreement with CTD S.
                     Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 686
      
      118            CTDO Processor: "Top 15db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      113            Sample log: "No water."  Lanyard hangup.
      
      101            Sample log: "Leak" type not specified. Delta-S .000 at
                     1524db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 687
      
      Cast 2         CTDO Processor: "No CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      208            Sample log: "Small leak."  Delta-S .002 low at 1060db. PO4
                     .07 low, chart rechecked, but other water samples ok. Good
                     O2 & SIL gradients.  JHS: "OA agrees PO4 at least 0.06 low."
                     Nutrient processor: "Looks real, NO3 also little lower."
                     Footnote bottle leaking.  Footnote po4 questionable.
      
      207            Delta-S .005 high at 1207db. Calc ok.  No corresponding bump
                     in CTD trace.  Other water samples have normal gradient.
                     JHS: "OA agrees S ca. 0.006 high."  Footnote salinity
                     questionable.
      
      201            Delta-S .004 low at 2410db. Calc ok.Other water samples look
                     ok. SIL max.  Footnote salinity questionable.  Cast 1
                     aborted due data acquisition problem after rosette brought
                     out of water due tag line problem.
      
      STATION 688
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      108            Sample log: "Dripping from spigot, can't be stopped."
                     Delta-S .000 at 1511db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      103            JHS: "OA says PO4 low by ca. 0.02."  Nutrient Analyst: "Low
                     on chart."  Footnote phosphate questionable.
      
      STATION 689
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      111            Delta-S at 1261db is -0.0074, salinity is 34.722.  See 105
                     salinity comment.  Assume related to 5 & 8 Autosal problem.
                     Footnote salinity bad.
      
      110            See 105 salinity comment.  Delta-S .02 low at 1513db. Calc
                     ok.  Assume related to 5 & 8 Autosal problem.  Footnote
                     salinity bad.
      
      109            See 105 salinity comment.  Delta-S .03 low at 1765db. Calc
                     ok.  Assume related to 5 & 8 Autosal problem.  Footnote
                     salinity bad.
      
      108            See 105 salinity comment.  Delta-S .025 low at 2016db. Calc
                     ok.  Footnote salinity bad.
      
      107            Delta-S at 2270db is -0.0055, salinity is 34.706.  See 105
                     salinity comment.  Assume related to 5 & 8 Autosal problem.
                     Footnote salinity bad.
      
      106            Delta-S at 2527db is -0.005, salinity is 34.703.  See 105
                     salinity comment.  Assume related to 5 & 8 Autosal problem.
                     Footnote salinity bad.
      
      105            Salinity data sheet: "Bottle 5 & 8 would not read
                     correctly."  Salinity data sheet: 5 1.98412 > 1.98438.
                     Salinity data sheet: 8 1.98404 > 1.98441.  Delta-S .012 low
                     at 2781db. Calc ok.  Footnote salinity bad.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 690
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      104            No hydro oxygen. Titration error.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      103            Sample log: "Air vent open."  Delta-S .000 at 3452db. Other
                     water samples also ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.
                     JHS: "OA suggests O2 0.02 low."  Calc ok.  Footnote oxygen
                     questionable, footnote bottle leaking.
      
      102            Delta-S .003 low @ 3758 db. Calc OK.  Footnote salinity
                     questionable.
      
      STATION 691
      
      124            Sample log: "Air vent open."  Delta-S .000 at 17db. Other
                     samples look reasonable for near surface sample.
      
      108-112        See 101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      107            Sample log: "No water. Lanyard caught up." Footnote bottle
                     samples not drawn.
      
      106            See 101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      105            Delta-S at 2940db is -0.0037, salinity is 34.699.  See
                     101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      104            Delta-S at 3242db is -0.005, salinity is 34.697.  See
                     101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      103            JHS: "OA suggests NO3 ca. 0.2 low."  Nutrient Analyst: "Bad
                     peak, make it .646 instead of .643."  Footnote no3
                     questionable.  DQE suggests NO3 flagged 2, ODF agrees.
                     Delta-S at 3546db is -0.0056, salinity is 34.696.  See
                     101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      101-112        JHS: "OA shows 1012 db to bottom to have lowest S per theta
                     on entire cruise. O2 in deep water looks a bit high, and
                     SiO3 below 2500 is some of highest of cruise. Acts like
                     double trip at bottom, with skipped trip above.  Virtually
                     impossible, of course, but this is a strange station anyway
                     you look at it."  Nutrient Analyst: "Can't find any SIL
                     problems."  Footnote salinities questionable.
      
      101            Delta-S at 4066db is -0.0039, salinity is 34.697.  See
                     101-112 comments. Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 692
      
      Cast 1         Salinity: "After this salinity run, technician replaced lamp
                     and cell tubing."  CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data
                     (sensor not working properly)."
      
      117            Sample log: "No water in 17."  "Lanyard hangup."  Footnote
                     bottle samples not drawn.
      
      107            Delta-S .87 low. All samples indicate NB 7 closed near
                     surface. Probable lanyard hangup.  Footnote bottle leaking,
                     footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of water
                     samples.
      
      101            Delta-S .006 low at 3594db. Calc ok.  Other water samples
                     ok. CTD S trace straight at bottom.  JHS: "OA suggests S low
                     by at least 0.003."  Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 693
      
      101            Delta-S .004 high at 3371db. Calc ok.  Other water samples
                     ok. CTD S trace straight at bottom.  JHS: "OA suggest S high
                     by 0.006."  Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 694
      
      Cast 3         Biology station, no samples.
      
      116            No nutrients. Sample tube empty.  Sample log indicates
                     sample should have been drawn.  Footnote sil, no3, no2, and
                     po4 lost.
      
      108            Delta-S at 2068db is -0.0039, salinity is 34.708.  No
                     action, leave as is.
      
      STATION 695
      
      Cast 1         JHS: "OA shows PO4 high while NO3 low over almost all of
                     water column.  OA suggests it may be NO3 that is "off"."
                     Nutrient Analyst: "Can't find anything wrong."
      
      122            Sample log: "Small leak." Not specified.  Delta-S.385 high
                     at 85db. Other water samples indicate NB22 closed around
                     175db.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF
                     recommends deletion of all water samples.
      
      121            Sample log: "Small leak." Not specified.  Samples look ok
                     for high gradient area at 125db.  DQE: "124.8db bottle may
                     leak, SALNTY is 0.017 less than upcast CTDSAL, which means
                     water sample could be mixed with shallower waters, as well
                     as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher than downcast CTDOXY."
                     Based on DQE comment and comment from Sample Log, footnote
                     bottle leaking and samples bad even though DQE indicated
                     only Salinity and oxygen since that was the only data DQE
                     was looking at.

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      
      105            JHS: "OA suggests S high by ca. 0.003."  Delta-S .002 high
                     at 2774db. Calc ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 696
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 18db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      123            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .001 high
                     at 54db.
      
      120            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .012 high
                     at 175db. High grad.
      
      118            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .007 low at
                     255db. High gradient.
      
      113            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .001 high
                     at 759db.  No hydro oxygen. "Parity error" on O2 computer
                     before data saved.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      111            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .001 low at
                     1264db.
      
      106            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .000 at
                     2627db.
      
      104            Sample log: "Salt btl has loose thimble" Delta-S .000 at
                     3236db.
      
      103            Sample log: "Air vent leak.  Not tight."  Delta-S .000 at
                     3545db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 698
      
      Cast 1         Tripping problem. First trigger had no trip box confirm & 5
                     ISI confirms.  Data indicate NBs 1&2 closed at bottom and no
                     sample at 10db.  Possibly ramp shaft turned back from 1 to
                     24 instead of cocking 24 with 3rd hand to hold ramp shaft.
      
      107            JHS: "OA suggests PO4 high by 0.02-0.03."  Nutrient Analyst:
                     "Peak ok, higher."  Footnote phosphate questionable.  DQE
                     suggests PO4 flagged 2, ODF agrees.
      
      106            Sample log: "Bottom end cap leaked."  Delta-S .001 high at
                     3248db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      101            Sample log: "Air vent closed lightly.  bottom end cap
                     leaked."  Delta-S .001 high at 4296db. Other water samples
                     also ok.
      
      STATION 699
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 40db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      121            No hydro oxygen. "Parity Error" on computer before data
                     saved.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      STATION 700
      
      113            Delta-S .02 low at 1003db. Calc ok. CTD S trace shows no
                     corresponding bump.  Same value at NB14, probable dupe draw
                     or run.  Footnote salinity bad.
      
      101            Sample log: "Small leak."  Delta-S .001 low at 4407db. Other
                     water samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 701
      
      106            Sample log: "Leaking after air vent opened? (Also, there is
                     an unintelligible note on sample log re this bottle) Same
                     note in Russian?"  Delta-S .000 at 2171db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      STATION 702
      
      224            CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      220            Delta-S .3 high at 212db. Other water samples also indicate
                     NB20 closed deeper.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote
                     samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of all water samples.
                     Cast aborted.
      
      STATION 703
      
      Cast 1         Tripping problem. 25 confirms.  B file indicates 2 trips at
                     204db.  Ramp shaft 1 position too far.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 120db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      120            lower lanyard permitted lid closure too early Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      117            Sample log: "spigot too small for helium tube"
      
      101            Sample log: "1 bot leak" Delta-S .000 at 2635db. Other water
                     samples also ok.  Note: NBs 1&7 reversed for freon check.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 704
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      120            lower lanyard permitted lid closure too early Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      102            JHS: "OA suggests S high by 0.002."  Delta-S .002 high at
                     4184db. Calc ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      101            Delta-S .004 low @ 2618db. Calc OK.  Other water samples OK.
                     Same value as NB8 above. Possible dupe draw or run.  Note:
                     NBs1&7 reversed for freon check.
      
      STATION 705
      
      Cast 1         Rosette hit A-frame on recovery.  Tripping problem. First
                     bottle had no confirms on trip box, 5 confirms on ISI. Again
                     looks like 2 bottles closed at bottom and no 10db sample.
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      120            Lower lanyard permitted lid closure too early Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      118            Delta-S .09 high at 505db. Other water samples indicate NB18
                     closed early. Possibly long lanyard allowed bottom end cap
                     to close.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.
                     ODF recommends deletion of all water samples.
      
      112            Sample log:"damaged on recovery" Broken spigot. Nuts & salt
                     drawn but no oxygen. Nuts & salt look ok.
      
      111            Sample log:"damage on recovery" Barrel broken about half way
                     up. Nuts & salt drawn but no oxygen.  Nuts & salinity data
                     look ok.
      
      110            Bottle did not trip as scheduled. SIL, NO3, NO2, PO4 not
                     drawn
      
      109            Sample log:"damaged on recovery."  Spigot collar broken. No
                     samples drawn.
      
      108            Sample log:"Damaged on recovery. Missed O2."
      
      STATION 706
      
      125            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."  Delta-S .002 low
                     at 2292db. Other water samples also look ok.
      
      108            Delta-S .002 low at 2597db. But only samples with definite
                     gradients, O2 & SIL, indicate NB8 closed at NB7 level.
                     Changed tripping information file to 2894db.  Samples appear
                     to be okay and agree with duplicate trip.  Footnote bottle
                     didn't trip as scheduled.
      
      STATION 707
      
      125            Delta-S .000 at 2161db but other water samples indicate NB25
                     closed near 1200db. Salinity same at 1200db & 2161db.
                     Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF
                     recommends deletion of all water samples.
      
      113            Delta-S .028 low at 1010db. Calc ok.  Same value as NB14
                     above. Possible dupe draw or run.
      
      102            JHS: "OA suggests S high by 0.002."  Delta-S .002 high at
                     4636db. Calc ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 708
      
      Cast 1         Tripping problem? 2 ISI confirms on first bottle. Trip box &
                     ramp shaft ok.  Data indicates all bottles tripped as
                     intended.  JHS: "OA suggests NO3 may be "high" while PO4 is
                     "low".  However, may be O.K. (See Sta.  709.)."  Nutrient
                     Analyst: "Change PO4 F1E=4.455, B(E)=.068."  NO3 column
                     apparently failing; data may be slightly unreliable see
                     Station 709.  Footnote no3 questionable.  DQE has recoded
                     NO3 as acceptable, with the exception of bottles 25 and 15.
                     Nutrient analyst reply to DQE comment: "NO3 looks okay,
                     agree with DQE, code NO3 acceptable, except 15 code
                     questionable."
      
      125            Delta-S .01 low at 1999db. Other water samples also indicate
                     NB25 leaked.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote water
                     samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of all water samples.
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 12db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      122            Unintelligible note on sample log.  Data ok.
      
      120            Unintelligible note on sample log.  Data ok.
      
      115            DQE: "High NO3. Q1 noted whole station as having high NO3.
                     Flag assigned: 3."
      
      104            No hydro oxygen. "Parity error" on computer before data
                     saved.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      103            Delta-S .004 high at 4292db. Calc ok.  No corresponding bump
                     on CTD S trace.  JHS: "OA shows S 0.003 high."  Footnote
                     salinity questionable.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 709
      
      Cast 1         Lost CTD signal at 4339db coming up. Two bottles had been
                     tripped with normal confirmations.  Tripped remaining
                     bottles on wire out. Problem was in CTD/transmissometer
                     bulkhead connector.  Entered estimated pressures for missing
                     trips based on comparing wire out readings on previous
                     station.  Entered estimated temp for missing trips based on
                     T-S curve and hydro salinity plus estimated pressure and
                     Delta-S from down cast real-time printout.  Footnote CTD
                     pressure and temperature as extrapolated from CTD data down
                     cast.  Nutrient data sheet: "large NO3 drift - column?"
                     Nitrates appear higher than adjacent stations. High end
                     base. Replaced Cad column prior station 710 and NO3s back to
                     normal.  Nutrient Analyst: " NO3 920306."Base Shift" JHS:
                     "OA sees high NO3 at 708 and 709."  Footnote no3
                     questionable.  Nutrient analyst: "After comments by DQE,
                     reinvestigation indicates NO3 is questionable for 8, 25, 10,
                     26 and 12-19."
      
      126            See Cast 1 Nutrient comment. Footnote NO3 questionable.
      
      125            See Cast 1 Nutrient comment. Footnote NO3 questionable.
                     DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in PO4. Flags assigned: 3."
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."  CTDO
                     Processor refers to down trace.  Signal lost on CTD, no CTD
                     salinity or oxygen.
      
      112-119        See Cast 1 Nutrient comment. Footnote NO3 questionable.
      
      112-117        DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in PO4. Flags assigned: 3."
      
      110            See Cast 1 Nutrient comment. Footnote NO3 questionable.
                     DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in PO4. Flags assigned: 3."
      
      108            See Cast 1 Nutrient comment. Footnote NO3 questionable.
      
      106-108        DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in PO4. Flags assigned: 3."
                     See Cast 1 Nutrient comment.
      
      106            JHS: "OA suggests PO4 high by ca. 0.02."  Nutrient Analyst:
                     "bad peak, should be .574."  Corrected, @3095db.
      
      STATION 710
      
      125            Sample log: "Leak, low water flow."  Delta-S .001 low at
                     2202db. Other samples also look ok.
      
      122-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 711
      
      Cast 1         CTD salinity (conductivity) shift this station.  Down
                     different from up and both lower CTD salinity than adjacent
                     stations. Cause unknown.  CTD Processor: "had to treat this
                     sta specially to line up deep CTD with surrounding stas -
                     maybe something got on sensors am making comment that CTD
                     data somewhat suspect."  Footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      126            Delta-S at 1410db is -0.0173, salinity is 34.729.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      125            Delta-S at 2016db is -0.1143, salinity is 34.615.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.  Sample
                     log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."  Delta-S .1 low at
                     2015db. Other water samples also indicate leak or late
                     close.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF
                     recommends deletion of water samples.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 110db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      114            Delta-S at 592db is -0.0164, salinity is 34.611.  See Cast 1
                     CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      113            Delta-S at 787db is -0.0118, salinity is 34.682.  See Cast 1
                     CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      112-124        See Cast 1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      112            Delta-S at 1097db is -0.016, salinity is 34.721.  See Cast 1
                     CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      110            Delta-S at 1716db is -0.0127, salinity is 34.726.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      108            Delta-S at 2415db is -0.0033, salinity is 34.713.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      107            Delta-S at 2824db is -0.0076, salinity is 34.708.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      106            Delta-S at 3235db is -0.0057, salinity is 34.704.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      105            Delta-S at 3645db is -0.0046, salinity is 34.702.  See Cast
                     1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      101-108        See Cast 1 CTD comment, footnote CTD salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 712
      
      122-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      122            Sample log: "Empty.  Broken cover."  End caps off,
                     monofilament on top end missing along with spring.  End caps
                     were wrapped around bar inside rosette frame.   No water
                     samples.
      
      103            Sample log: "Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 4373db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      101            No hydro oxygen.  Titration problem.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 713
      
      124            Sample log: "No sample."  Bottom end cap went down closed.
                     Lanyard not hooked.  No samples drawn.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      121            Cryptic note on sample log: "Found 803 1117 during ______
                     analyses." (?)  Oxygen flasks for NB20 & NB21 found reversed
                     during analysis. Data looks good assuming Sample log order
                     correct.
      
      120            Cryptic note on sample log: "Found 803 1117 during ______
                     analyses." (?)  Oxygen flasks for NB20 & NB21 found reversed
                     during analysis. Data looks good assuming Sample log order
                     correct.  Delta-S .013 low @ 205db. Calc OK.  High gradient.
      
      103            DQE: Low NO3. Flag assigned: 3.  Nutrient analyst reply to
                     DQE comment: "Use original NO3 value = 32.21 um/kg, not
                     rerun value. Data corrected."
      
      STATION 714
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      119            Sample log has O2 flask 1053.  O2 flask 1073 in box. Data
                     looks good.  Assume 1053 recorded in error.  Delta-S .016
                     low @ 303db. Calc OK.  High gradient.
      
      101-112        DQE: "Low NO3 and low PO4. SIL looks ok.  Flags assigned:
                     3."  Nutrient Analyst: After corrections of standards, Data
                     are acceptable.
      
      STATION 715
      
      124            Sample log: "N H780 from bottle N24 for Dorothea." Special
                     LDGO sample.
      
      101-112        DQE: "NO3 high by about 0.5, outside envelope of data from
                     adjacent stations.  PO4 also a bit high, but within envelope
                     of adjacent stations.  Flags assigned to NO3: 3."  Nutrient
                     Analyst reply to DQE comment: After corrections of
                     standards, data are acceptable.
      
      STATION 716
      
      115            Delta-S .034 high at 505db. Calc ok.  Other samples ok. Same
                     salt value as NB14. Assume dupe draw or run.  Footnote
                     salinity bad.
      
      105            No PO4. Original and rerun AA peaks both bad. "Moly going
                     bad".  Footnote po4 lost.
      
      102-103        DQE indicated (on tabulation of code changes) that PO4
                     should be flagged "3". There was not supporting comment made
                     by DQE.  Nutrient analyst double checked these values and
                     did not see any problem. Perhaps, DQE coded the wrong
                     station.
      
      STATION 717
      
      126            Delta-S .002 high at 1485db. Calc ok.  Other Delta-Ss very
                     smooth this area.  No corresponding bump in CTD S trace.
                     Possible dupe draw from NB12.  Footnote salinity
                     questionable.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable (noted at
                     sea that oxygen sensor probably frozen through mixed
                     layer)."
      
      STATION 718
      
      Cast 1         Tripping Problem.  24 Triggers, 23 confirms on trip box, 28
                     confirms on ISI. Data indicate NB24 & NB1 tripped at bottom,
                     and no sample from 10db.
      
      127            Footnote bottles did not trip as scheduled, data looks okay
                     after trip information corrected.  See Cast 1 tripping
                     comments.
      
      126            JHS: "OA suggests S high by 0.002."  Delta-S .004 high at
                     1818db. Calc ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.  Sample
                     log: "No O2 draw temp." Therm wet.  Estimated draw temp from
                     CTD Potential Temp based on difference on previous station.
                     Footnote bottles did not trip as scheduled, data looks okay
                     after trip information corrected.  See Cast 1 tripping
                     comments.
      
      124            Sample log: "No O2 draw temp." Therm wet.  Estimated draw
                     temp from CTD Potential Temp based on difference on previous
                     station.
      
      123            CTDO Processor: "Top 40db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      112-124        Footnote bottles did not trip as scheduled, data looks okay
                     after trip information corrected.  See Cast 1 tripping
                     comments.
      
      110            Footnote bottles did not trip as scheduled, data looks okay
                     after trip information corrected.  See Cast 1 tripping
                     comments.
      
      101-108        Footnote bottles did not trip as scheduled, data looks okay
                     after trip information corrected.  See Cast 1 tripping
                     comments.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 719
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      STATION 720
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      STATION 721
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      STATION 722
      
      126            Sample log: "Small leak." Not specified.  Delta-S .000 at
                     1310db. Other samples also ok.
      
      122-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      104            Sample log: "Broken hose clamp."
      
      STATION 723
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      STATION 724
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (sensor not working
                     properly)."
      
      119            No hydro oxygen. Flask broke before titration.  Footnote
                     oxygen lost.
      
      115-118        Sample log:"Reddish sea matter inside btl.  No apparent
                     effect on data.
      
      104            Sample log: "Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 3643db. Other water
                     also ok.
      
      STATION 725
      
      122            Sample log:"Empty.  Lanyard caught."  Top lanyard loop
                     pinched by pylon ball.  No samples.
      
      STATION 728
      
      104            Sample log:"Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 3655db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      STATION 729
      
      104            Sample log: "Leak."  Assume air leak.  Delta-S .000 at
                     3751db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 730
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 100db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      106            JHS: "OA suggests NO3 low by 0.2."  Nutrient Analyst: "Looks
                     real, can't find anything amiss."
      
      105-107        DQE: "Slightly low NO3, but agree with values at station 727
                     (see note above). Flags assigned: 2."
      
      105            JHS: "OA suggests NO3 low by ca. 0.6."  Nutrient Analyst:
                     "Looks real, can't find anything amiss."
      
      104            Sample log:"Air."  (Air vent leak?)  Delta-S .000 at 3909db.
                     Other water samples also ok.  JHS: "OA suggests NO3 low by
                     ca. 0.8."  Nutrient Analyst: "Looks real, can't find
                     anything amiss."
      
      103            JHS: "OA suggests NO3 low by ca. 0.8."  Nutrient Analyst:
                     "Looks real, can't find anything amiss."
      
      102            JHS: "OA suggests NO3 low by ca. 0.5."  Nutrient Analyst:
                     "Looks real, can't find anything amiss."
      
      101-104        DQE: "Unusually low NO3, also noted by Q1.  PO4 looks fine.
                     Flags assigned: 3."  Nutrient Analyst: "Okay to flag as 3."
      
      STATION 731
      
      104            Sample log: "Slight air vent leak."  Delta-S .001 low at
                     3965db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      103-105        DQE: "NO3 a bit high; no corresponding change in PO4.  Flags
                     assigned: 3."  Nutrient analyst: "Agree with DQE. Higher on
                     chart as well. Probably not real, flag as questionable."
      
      STATION 732
      
      126            Sample log: "Slow end cap leak" Delta-S .000 at 1310db.
                     Other water samples also look ok.
      
      119            Sample log:"Serious air leak - bottom cap may be loose (air
                     vent was closed tight)" JS: Possibly some foreign object in
                     bottom end cap?  (Water sprays from it when bottom cap is
                     touched.)  Delta-S .009 low at 203db. High gradient.  Other
                     water samples also look ok.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 733
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 734
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      108            Sample log:"Leaked from spout after air vent opened."
                     Delta-S .000 at 2521db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      104            Sample log:" Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 3747db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      STATION 735
      
      104            Sample log:"Leaks" Type not specified.  Probably air leak as
                     on previous stations. Delta-S .001 low at 3498db.  Other
                     water samples also ok, SIL max.  New air vent, top end cap &
                     top o-ring no help. Barrel replaced after this station.
      
      102            Acid not added to sample before titration per raw oxy
                     notebook. No sample results.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      STATION 736
      
      112            Hydro O2 appears .06 low at 1104db. Calc .  ok. PO4 & NO3
                     slightly high. Salt & SIL have normal gradient and look
                     good.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
      
      STATION 737
      
      128            Sample log: "Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 3757db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      114            Hydro O2 .05 low at 655db. Calc ok.  Footnote oxygen
                     questionable.  Footnote salinity questionable.  N03 & PO4
                     slightly high. SIL has normal gradient. Delta-S is .000 with
                     same value as levels above and below.  Footnote nitrate and
                     phosphate questionable.  DQE: "NO3 and PO4 a bit high but
                     within envelope.  SIL is fine.  Flags assigned: 2."  Changed
                     NO3 & PO4 flag from 3 to 2 per DQE comment.
      
      101            Sample log: "small air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 4468db. Other
                     water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 739
      
      Cast 1         Delta-S appear .001 to .002 higher than adjacent stations.
                     Autosal run looks normal, essentially the same standard
                     dial, air temp, and no drift. Hydro look the same as
                     adjacent stations.  Same preliminary G corrections used.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 740
      
      126            Hydro O2 appears .03 high at 1618db.  Calc ok. NO3 & PO4
                     same value as levels above and below. SIL slightly high.
                     Delta-s .002 low. Possibly bottle closed a little early.
                     Found one top spring lanyard loop off after Sta 746. Assume
                     bottom opened a little during rough weather jerks.  Footnote
                     bottle leaking, samples bad.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      103            Delta-S .002 low at 4059db. Calc ok.  CTD S trace normal.
                     Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      STATION 741
      
      126            Hydro O2 appears .04 low at 1509db.  Calc ok. NO3 & PO4 same
                     values as levels above and below. Delta-S .002 low, and SIL
                     could be a little high. Possible early bottle close.  Found
                     one top spring lanyard loop off after Sta 746.  Assume
                     bottom opened a little during rough weather jerks.  Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      STATION 742
      
      127            Hydro O2 appears a little high on Pot Temp vs O2 plot.
                     Delta-S .0015 low at 2020db. Nutrients ok. Freon very high.
                     110 O2 doesn't fit 127.  Footnote oxygen and salinity
                     questionable.
      
      126            Delta-S .002 low at 1413db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 appears about
                     .08 high.  Nutrients look ok.  Found one top spring lanyard
                     loop off after Sta 746.  Assume bottom opened a little
                     during rough weather jerks.  Footnote bottle leaking,
                     samples bad.
      
      108            Hydro O2 appears a little high on Pot Temp vs O2 plot.
                     Delta-S and other water water samples ok.  Freon ok.  127 O2
                     much better fit for 108 Footnote oxygen questionable.
      
      107            Hydro O2 appears a little high on Pot Temp vs O2 plot.
                     Delta-S and other water water samples ok.  Freon ok.  108 O2
                     much better fit for 107.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 743
      
      126            Delta-S .002 low at 1350db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 .04 high. NO3
                     & PO4 same as adjacent levels. SIL appears about 2-3 high
                     which contradicts possible leak indicated by Salt & O2.
                     Found one top spring lanyard loop off after Sta 746.  Assume
                     bottom opened a little during rough weather jerks.  Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 70db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      120            Delta-S .014 low @ 122db. Calc OK High gradient DQE:
                     "122.2db bottle may leak. SALNTY is 0.014 less than upcast
                     CTDSAL, which means water sample could be mixed with
                     shallower waters, as well as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher
                     than downcast CTDOXY."  Reply to DQE comment: NO3 and PO4
                     appear to be okay, but salinity and silicate are low, and
                     oxygen high as DQE has indicated. Footnote bottle leaking
                     and salinity, oxygen and silicate bad.
      
      107            SIL a little high on Pot Temp-SIL plot.  Recheck chart.
                     Peak OK, Calc OK. Footnote silicate questionable.
      
      106            SIL a little high on Pot Temp-SIL plot.  Recheck chart.
                     Peak OK, Calc OK. Footnote silicate questionable.
      
      101            Sample log: "Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 3816db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      STATION 744
      
      126            Delta-S .008 low at 1292db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 about .15
                     high. Nutrients look ok though no change in NO3 & PO4 in
                     adjacent levels.  Found one top spring lanyard loop off
                     after Sta 746.  Assume bottom opened a little during rough
                     weather jerks.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples
                     bad.  ODF recommends deletion of all water samples.  DQE:
                     "SIL a bit high versus theta. Q1 notes also that O2 was high
                     and considers bottle to be a leaker.  Flags assigned (all
                     nutrients): 3."  ODF would like the data to be flagged as is
                     (4) instead of 3 as suggested by DQE.
      
      115            Sample log: "Bottom cap leak."  Delta-S .000 at 498db. Other
                     water samples also ok.
      
      110            Delta-S .003 low at 1602db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 about .08
                     high. Nutrients look ok, tho no change in NO3 & PO4 in
                     adjacent levels; SIL appears high if off at all, which
                     contradicts leak indicated by Salt & O2.  Mark Warner says
                     freon min this sample.  Footnote oxygen bad.  DQE: "High SIL
                     on theta plot. Flag assigned: 3."  Nutrient analyst: "Agree
                     with DQE, Sil could be a bit high, although peak looks okay,
                     but higher than adjacent peaks."
      
      108            Delta-S .001 low at 2200db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 .2 high, and
                     nutrients appear a little low.  Apparent leaker.  Footnote
                     bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends
                     deletion of all water samples.
      
      STATION 745
      
      120            Sample log:"Top lid handle broken. Time and depth of closing
                     unknown."  Delta-S .002 high at 187db. Other water samples
                     also look ok.
      
      107            Delta-S .002 high at 2476db. Calc ok.  Smooth CTD S trace.
                     Other water samples ok. Hydro S appears high.  Footnote
                     salinity questionable.
      
      101            Sample log: "Leak." Not specified.  Delta-S .001 low at
                     3973db. Other water samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 746
      
      127            Delta-S .002 low at 1748db. Calc ok.  Other water samples
                     ok. Same value as level below. Possible dupe draw or run.
                     Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      106-113        DQE: "High NO3 with no corresponding change in PO4.  Station
                     747 is also high.  Flags assigned: 3."
      
      106-108        Nutrient Analyst in reply to DQE comment: "NO3 high by 0.4
                     to 0.6, others (127,110,126,112,113) look okay.  Rechecked
                     raw data and adjusted slightly, but will accept flag of 3."
      
      STATION 747
      
      127            See 102 DQE comments. Flag 3 as suggested by DQE.
      
      110            See 102 DQE comments. Flag 3 as suggested by DQE.
      
      108            Sample Log: "Leak from end cap after air vent opened."
                     Delta-S .000 at 2328db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      105-108        See 102 DQE comments. Flag 3 as suggested by DQE.
      
      102            NO3 .5 low at 3961db. Recheck chart.  Don't see that it's
                     low. Peak OK, calc OK.  DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in
                     PO4. These values and those at station 746 are outside the
                     theta/NO3 envelope by 0.3 - 0.5.  Flags assigned: 3."
                     Nutrient Analyst: "NO3 are high on chart as well. Either
                     real or contaminated. Flag 3 as suggested by DQE."
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 748
      
      102            Sample log: "O2 drawer notices 'not much water', but other
                     samplers find no noticeable problems."  Delta-S .001 low at
                     4023db. Other water samples including O2 ok.
      
      101            NO3 .4 low at 4200db.  Rerun used, original was .2 higher.
                     Check with Nutrient Analyst re using original.  Nutrient
                     Analyst: "Use original."
      
      STATION 751
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 40db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      110            High n:p ratio. PO4 .04 low, NO3 only 0.2 low at 1417db.
                     Other water samples have normal gradient. Recheck chart.
                     JHS: "OA agrees that NO3 & PO4 are suspicious."  Nutrient
                     Analyst: "Looks real, rerun checks out - omit?"  Footnote
                     nitrate and phosphate questionable.  DQE: "Low PO4; NO3 and
                     SIL seem ok. Flag assigned: 3."  Removed questionable flag
                     on NO3 based on DQE comment.
      
      STATION 752
      
      124            CTDO Processor: "Top 20db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      123            Sample log: "Salt bottle 23 (Case 8) has neck too large for
                     ODF thimbles."  Footnote salinity questionable.  Delta-S
                     .002 low at 42db.
      
      122            Sample log: "Leak when spigot opened. Air vent was closed
                     tight."  Delta-S .013 low at 67db. Calc ok.  Other water
                     samples look ok.  High gradient.
      
      110            No hydro O2. Titration problem.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      101-103        Sample log: "Redraw O2; pickle problem."  Values look ok.
      
      STATION 755
      
      127            Delta-S .002 low at 1769db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 .15 high.
                     Nutrients look ok but not much change.  CO2 values also odd.
                     Assume leak.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.
                     ODF recommends deletion of water samples.  DQE: "Q1 noted
                     high O2 and odd CO2 and assumed bottle leaked. Nutrients
                     look ok and delta-S was small.  Flags assigned: 2."  Reply
                     to DQE comment: "Leave nutrient data flagged 4."
      
      121            DQE: "128.7 db bottle may leak. SALNTY is 0.017 less than
                     upcast CTDSAL, which means water sample could be mixed with
                     shallower waters. CTDOXY data differs by 18.  from bottle
                     OXYGEN."  Reply to DQE comment: "Gradient area, nutrients
                     agree with adjoining stations and CTD oxygen should not be
                     used as a level by level comparison. Leave data as coded."
      
      STATION 756
      
      123            Sample Log:"Leak." Not specified.  Delta-S .012 low at 57db.
                     Calc ok.  High gradient.
      
      STATION 759
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 760
      
      128            DQE: "High NO3, no corresponding increase in PO4.  Flags
                     assigned: 3."  Nutrient Analyst: "NO3 within 1% full scale.
                     Rechecked raw data, found no problem, adjusted NO3 for
                     105-106, but not enough to make any difference. Do not agree
                     with DQE code. Leave as acceptable."
      
      105-107        See 128 DQE and nutrient analyst. NO3 is acceptable per ODF.
      
      STATION 761
      
      123            PO4 looks .10 uM high Other nutrients same as 124 above.
                     Oxy and salt same as well.  Peak and calc OK.  Footnote PO4
                     questionable.
      
      122-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 762
      
      118            Sample log: "Spring lanyard broken. No water." Footnote
                     bottle samples not drawn.
      
      STATION 763
      
      128            Sample log:"Hit frame during recovery.  Spigot broke.  RTW
                     recovered S and nuts.  Nut tube 8 used by accident."  Delta-
                     S .000 at 3053db. NO3 appears about 0.3 high. PO4 & SIL ok.
                     Footnote no3 questionable, oxygen not drawn.  DQE: "Slightly
                     high NO3 per Q1.  Falls within NO3/theta envelope.  flag
                     assigned: 2."  Change flag for NO3 to acceptable per DQE
                     comments.
      
      126            DQE: "1078db OXYGEN is less than CTDOXY by 4 Umol/kg Bottle
                     OXYGEN is Bad."  Reply to DQE comment: "Oxygen agrees with
                     adjoining stations, data is acceptable."
      
      108            Sample Log:"Nut tube 4 used; see 0128."  Data looks ok.
      
      106            Sample log:"Hit frame during recovery.  Spigot broke.  RTW
                     recovered S and nuts."  Delta-S .000 at 2441db. NO3 appears
                     about 0.3 high. PO4 & SIL ok.  Footnote no3 questionable,
                     oxygen not drawn.  DQE: "Slightly high NO3 per Q1.  Falls
                     within NO3/theta envelope. Flag assigned: 2."  Change flag
                     for NO3 to acceptable per DQE comments.
      
      105            Sample log:"Hit frame during recovery.  Bottle destroyed. No
                     sample." Footnote bottle samples not drawn.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 764
      
      127            Sample log:"Dripping from bottom end cap after air vent
                     open."  Delta-S .001 low at 1700db. Other samples also look
                     ok.
      
      119            Sample log:"Top end cap open. No sample."  O-ring out of
                     place.  Footnote bottle samples not drawn.
      
      118            Delta-S .01 low at 254db. Calc ok.  Up = down.  DQE: "I dont
                     consider bottles at 253.6 and 399.8 dbars Qble.  This layer
                     has many intrusions."  Reply to DQE comment: Data is not
                     coded questionable.
      
      116            DQE: "I dont consider bottles at 253.6 and 399.8 dbars Qble.
                     This layer has many intrusions."  Reply to DQE comment: Data
                     is not coded questionable.
      
      106            Sample log:"Dripping from bottom end cap after air vent
                     opened."  Delta-S .000 at 2553db. Other water samples also
                     look ok. SIL max.
      
      101            Sample log:"Vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 3777db. Other
                     water samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 765
      
      119            Sample log:"Air leak."  Delta-S .002 low at 200db. Other
                     water samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 766
      
      127            Delta-S .002 low at 1872db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 about .13
                     high. Nutrients look ok. Freon also high.  Assume leaker.
                     Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF
                     recommends deletion of water samples.  DQE: "Q1 noted that
                     CFC and O2 data was high and considers bottle a leaker.
                     Nutrients look ok. Flags assigned: 2."  Change flag on
                     nutrients to 2 as suggested by DQE.
      
      119            Sample log: "Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 203db. Other water
                     samples also look ok.
      
      118            Delta-S .02 low at 253db. Calc ok.  Normal CTD S gradient.
                     Other water samples look ok. Same salinity value as 119
                     above. Possible dupe draw or run. 117 value gives good
                     Delta-S for 118, and 116 value gives good Delta-S for 117.
                     115 salinity ok.
      
      117            Delta-S .015 low at 302db. Calc ok.  Normal CTD S gradient.
                     Other water samples look ok. 116 value gives good Delta-S
                     for 117. Possible drawing or run error. See 0118.
      
      116            Delta-S .011 low at 405db. Calc ok.  Normal CTD S gradient.
                     See 0118 & 0117. Possible drawing or run error.  Footnote
                     salinity bad.
      
      STATION 767
      
      128            Delta-S .003 low at 2970db. Calc ok.  Other water samples
                     look ok. Normal CTD S gradient. Same value as 129 above
                     Possible dupe draw or run.  Footnote salinity bad.
      
      127            See 108 DQE NO3 comment.  Nutrient Analyst in reply to DQE
                     comment: "NO3 looks okay, leave flag as 2."
      
      126            See 108 DQE NO3 comment.  Nutrient Analyst in reply to DQE
                     comment: "Changed peak value per charts (raw data), won't
                     make much difference, but within tolerance. Leave flag as
                     2."
      
      114            See 108 DQE NO3 comment.  Nutrient Analyst in reply to DQE
                     comment: "Odd peak, should be same as 115, changed value,
                     much better. Leave flag as 2."
      
      113-116        CTDO Processor: "Temperature, salinity, oxygen in 530 - 800
                     db interval seem real." DQE: "Maybe it is an intrusion,
                     measurements do not seem questionable."
      
      112-113        See 108 DQE NO3 comment.  Nutrient Analyst in reply to DQE
                     comment: "Changed peak value per charts (raw data), won't
                     make much difference, but within tolerance. Leave flag as
                     2."
      
      110            Delta-S .003 low at 1158db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 appears .06
                     high. All values same as sample 127 below.  Freon also high.
                     Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples bad.  ODF
                     recommends deletion of water samples.  See 108 DQE NO3
                     comment.  DQE: "High SIL on theta plot; also Q1 noted high
                     O2 and CFC values.  Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3."  ODF
                     flags data from leaky bottle as bad, leave flags 4.
      
      108            DQE: "High NO3 with no increase in PO4. Flags assigned: 3."
                     Nutrient Analyst: "High on chart (raw data), flag as 3 as
                     suggested by DQE."
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 768
      
      124            Sample log:"Leak from bottom end cap after air vent opened."
                     Delta-S .00 at 16db. All water samples same as other mixed
                     layer sample below.  CTDO Processor: "Top 40db CTD oxygen
                     questionable."
      
      121            Delta-S .035 low at 108db. Calc ok.  High gradient.  DQE:
                     "107.7db bottle may leak SALNTY is 0.033 less than upcast
                     CTDSAL, which means water sample could be mixed with
                     shallower waters, as well as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher
                     than downcast CTDOXY."  Reply to DQE comment: "This station
                     was reoccupied as Station 781. Even though sampling was not
                     done at the exact potential temperature, the bottle data
                     does not appear unreasonable.  This is a high gradient area,
                     and the CTD Processor had noted a problem with the CTD
                     oxygen for this station. The nutrient DQE did not indicate
                     any problems with the Nutrients.  ODF suspects the data are
                     acceptable and the bottle did not leak."
      
      119            Sample log:"Air leak."  Delta-S .002 low at 208db. Other
                     water samples also ok.
      
      110            Delta-S .003 low at 1132db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 appears .04
                     high. Salt & nuts same as 127 below, SIL high.  Freon looks
                     good.  Footnote salinity, oxygen and nutrients questionable.
      
      106            DQE: "2203 db OXYGEN is Qble."  Reply to DQE comment:
                     "Oxygen as well as other parameters agree with adjoining
                     stations and reoccupation Station 781."
      
      101            Sample log:"Leak from bottom end cap after air vent opened."
                     Delta-S .000 at 3216db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 769
      
      Cast 1         Sample log:"Most O2 (29-24) without O2 draw temps."  Draw
                     temps & Pot temp.  Data look ok.
      
      129            Sample log:"O2 draw therm read -2.5 to 3.0."
      
      127            No Hydro O2. Part of sample accidentally spilled after
                     adding acid.  Footnote oxygen lost.
      
      110            Delta-S .003 low at 1518db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 appears .1
                     high. Salt & nuts similar to 127 below. No freon or CO2 this
                     sample. Smooth CTD S & O traces.  Footnote bottle leaking,
                     footnote samples bad.
      
      STATION 770
      
      128            Delta-S .003 low at 2941db. Calc ok.  Other water samples
                     ok. Normal CTD S gradient. Similar (.001 lower) to 103 value
                     below.  Possible dupe draw or run.  Footnote salinity
                     questionable.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 60db CTD oxygen questionable (noted at
                     sea that oxygen sensor probably frozen as air temp -4.6
                     deg)."
      
      119            Sample Log:"Air leak."  Delta-S .001 high at 202db. Other
                     samples also look ok.
      
      118            Sample log:"Air vent leak."  Delta-S .000 at 252db. Other
                     samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 771
      
      Cast 1         DQE: "All bottles: NO3 seems about 0.5 low relative to
                     station 772 with no change in PO4.  No problems noted by Q1.
                     Following stations get increasingly shallow and NO3 values
                     do drop, so that station 771 is within the overall envelope
                     except for bottles tripped in the Warm Deep Water with theta
                     above 0.5 degrees.  Flags assigned: 3 to all NO3."  Nutrient
                     Analyst reply to DQE comment: "New Cd Column this station,
                     apparently no reducing @ > 99%, therefore, NO3 probably low.
                     Flag NO3 as 3."
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 60db CTD oxygen questionable (noted at
                     sea that oxygen sensor probably frozen)."
      
      121            Sample log:"Leak. Bottom Lid."  Delta-S .001 low at 124db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      119            RTW (personal communication):"Leaked from bottom lid
                     again."??  Had been air leak on previous casts.  Delta-S
                     .000 at 234db. Other water also look ok.
      
      115            Sample log:"Not closed. No water."  Lanyard hangup.
                     Footnote bottle samples not drawn.
      
      101            Sample log:"Small Leak." Not specified.  Delta-S .001 low at
                     3389db. CTD S trace a little bumpy at bottom. Other water
                     samples ok.
      
      STATION 772
      
      Cast 1         DQE: "All bottles: NO3 seems a bit high relative to station
                     771 and following stations except for station 776.  NO3
                     values are well within envelope for the preceding group of
                     stations.  Flags assigned: 2."  Nutrient Analyst: "NO3 does
                     have higher NO3 as noted by DQE, because Station 771 is low.
                     Station 771 is flagged as 3."
      
      128            Sample log:"Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 2835db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      126            Sample log:"Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 1415db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 50db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      123            Delta-S .025 high at 46db. Calc ok.  Bottom of mixed layer.
                     Salinity spike on CTD up trace. Best salinity value on
                     printout is 33.903 which gives Delta-S .03 high.  Other
                     water samples look ok. Hydro salinity still looks odd.
                     Footnote salinity questionable.
      
      119            Sample log:"Air leaked."  Delta-S .002 low at 206db. Other
                     water samples also ok.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 773
      
      Cast 1         Console operator: "ISI crashed shortly before bottom
                     approach. Was restarted after bottom approach. Cast was
                     replayed post-cast from VCR tape as Cast 99.  No problems
                     during replay."  CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (CTD
                     oxygen sensor failed at 10 m)."
      
      128            Sample log:"Air leak."  Delta-S .000 at 2530db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      124            Sample log:"frozen."(JHS: "assume they mean spigot.")
                     Delta-S .000 at 13db. Other water also look ok.
      
      122            Sample log:"frozen."(JHS: assume they mean spigot.)  Delta-S
                     .001 high at 115db. Other water samples also look ok.
      
      112            Sample log:"Air vent was open."  Delta-S .001 high at
                     1313db. Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 774
      
      Cast 1         JHS: "No problems with ice in spigots."  CTDO Processor: "no
                     CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      123            Sample log:"Leak from bottom cap."  Delta-S .003 high at
                     88db. Other water samples also look ok.
      
      119            Sample log:"Air leak" Delta-S .000 at 304db. Other water
                     samples also look ok.
      
      STATION 775
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      130            Sample log:"Leaking from lower lid."  Delta-S .005 low at
                     272db. Other water samples look ok. High gradient.
      
      128            Sample log:(Air vent)"not closed" Delta-S .000 at 2419db.
                     Other water samples also look ok.
      
      123            Sample log:(Air vent)"not closed."  Delta-S .00 at 62db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      121            Sample log:(Air)"leak."  Delta-S .00 at 183db. Other water
                     samples also ok.
      
      120            Sample log:(Air vent)"not closed" Delta-S .003 low at 243db.
                     Other water samples also look ok. High gradient.
      
      113            Sample log:(Air)"leak."  Delta-S .003 high at 908db. Other
                     water samples look ok. High gradient.
      
      STATION 776
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      112            Delta-S .004 low at 809db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 .1 high.
                     Nutrient gradient changes.  No CTD oxy sensor. CTD T&S
                     inversion this level. Probably good.
      
      101            Sample log: "Leak." Not specified.  Delta-S .000 at 2520db.
                     Other water also look ok.
      
      STATION 777
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      128            Sample Log: "Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 1520db.
                     Other water samples also look ok.
      
      118            Delta-S .016 low at 334db. Calc ok.  T inversion, Down = Up.
                     NO3 & NO2 hi; PO4 and other water samples ok. Nutrient
                     Analyst: "Chart readings ok."
      
      107            No nutrients.  Sample tube empty.  Sample log indicates
                     sample should have been drawn.  Footnote sil, no3, no2, and
                     po4 lost.
      
      STATION 778
      
      Cast 1         JHS: "Virtually every bottle had freeze- up at one time or
                     other.  Salts, which were last, were sometimes drawn from
                     bottles which had had frozen spigots 3-5 times. Inspection
                     of inside of Niskins after drawing S showed small ice
                     crystals in some, but mostly the problem seemed confined to
                     the spigots."  Data look ok except for problems noted below.
                     CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      128            Sample log: "Leak" Not specified.  Delta-S .001 low at
                     696db. Other water samples also look ok.
      
      127            Sample log: "Frozen" Delta-S .000 at 302db. Hydro O2, PO4 &
                     NO3 appear low with no corresponding Temp feature.  Footnote
                     no3 and po4 questionable.  DQE: "Q1 noted sample freezing in
                     Niskin bottle.  Nutrients look ok.  Flags assigned: 2."
                     Changed NO3 and PO4 flags from 3 (questionable) to 2
                     (acceptable) per DQE comment.
      
      126            Sample log: "Frozen" Delta-S .005 high at 172db. Smooth down
                     CTD S trace. Hydro O2, PO4 & NO3 all appear low with no
                     corresponding temp feature.  Footnote salinity, oxygen and
                     nutrients questionable.
      
      114            Delta-S at 11db is 0.0549, salinity is 34.216.  Bottle
                     salinity looks reasonable for surface water.  Footnote CTD
                     salinity bad.
      
      110            JHS:  "S particularly difficult to draw due to repeated
                     freeze-up during draw."  Delta-S .05 high at 242db. Calc ok.
                     Smooth down CTD S trace. SigTh high.  Footnote salinity bad.
      

                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 779
      
      Cast 1         Sample log: Even-numbered pylon positions were duplicate
                     trips for IOAN biology only. No check samples.  CTDO
                     Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      127            Salinity sample bottles 5 & 6 in reverse order in box. Data
                     looks best with sample log order i.e. Salt btl 5 for 127.
      
      126            Salinity sample bottles 5 & 6 in reverse order in box. Data
                     looks best with sample log order i.e. Salt btl 6 for 126.
      
      STATION 780
      
      Cast 1         JHS: "Console ops log shows 18-24, but the pylon was reset,
                     so sample log is correct with 1-7."  CTDO Processor: "no CTD
                     oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      STATION 781
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      STATION 782
      
      Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "no CTD oxygen data (no CTD oxygen sensor)."
      
      STATION 783
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 784
      
      130            Delta-S .027 low at 208db. Calc ok.  See 0121 and 0120.
                     Assume no salinity sample drawn from NB 30.  Deleted hydro
                     salinity.
      
      123-124        CTDO Processor: "Top 50db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      STATION 785
      
      Cast 1         Sample log: Indecipherable bottle number with comment
                     "loose". ???
      
      126            No nutrients, logged ok on Sample log sample tube empty.
                     Sample log indicates sample should have been drawn.
                     Footnote sil, no3, no2, and po4 lost.
      
      114            JHS: "OA shows NO3 low by ca. 0.2, PO4 low by ca. 0.03, SiO3
                     low by ca. 0.3-0.5 (the only SiO3 minimum in region). No
                     feature in S or O2. No feature on CTD plot."  Nutrient peaks
                     OK, Calcs OK. Values within 1% FS.
      
      101            Sample log: "leak" Not specified.  Delta-S .000 at 3195db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      STATION 787
      
      Cast 1         Sample log: "Sampled during blizzard."
      
      117            Sample log:"During recovery the line knocked open either Nb
                     17 or one next to 17."  JHS: "OA: O2 slightly high."  Hydro
                     O2 appears .04 high on Pot Temp vs O2 plot. Other water
                     samples ok.  Footnote bottle leaking, oxygen affected,
                     footnote oxygen bad.
      
      116            JHS: "OA: O2 slightly high."  Hydro O2 appears .04 high on
                     Pot Temp vs O2 plot. Probably affected by tag lines (See
                     117). Other water samples ok.  Footnote bottle leaking,
                     oxygen affected, footnote oxygen bad.
      
      115            JHS: "OA: O2 high by >0.2."  Hydro O2 is 2.6 high on Pot
                     Temp vs O2 plot. Assume hit by tag lines (See 114) No
                     nutrients, logged ok on Sample log but sample tube empty.
                     Footnote bottle leaking, oxygen affected, footnote oxygen
                     bad.
      
      114            Sample log:"During recovery the line knocked open bottom end
                     cap."  JHS: "OA: O2 high by >0.2."  Hydro O2 is 2.8 high on
                     Pot Temp vs 02 plot. Other water samples ok.  Footnote
                     bottle leaking, oxygen affected, footnote oxygen bad.
      
      113            JHS: "OA: O2 slightly high."  Hydro O2 appears .04 high on
                     Pot Temp vs O2 plot.  Other water samples look ok. Probably
                     affected by tag lines (See 114). Other water samples ok.
                     Footnote bottle leaking, oxygen affected, footnote oxygen
                     bad.
      
                                                               S04P ð ODF BTL Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 788
      
      128            Sample log:"Air vent not tight."  Delta-S .000 at 2700db.
                     Other water samples also ok.
      
      110            Delta-S .001 low at 1198db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 .05 high on
                     Pot Temp vs O2 plot. SIL looks a little high, NO3 & PO4 same
                     as adjacent levels.  Freon bad (high). May have closed a
                     little early.  Footnote bottle leaking, footnote samples
                     bad.  ODF recommends deletion of samples.
      
      STATION 789
      
      110            Delta-S .001 low at 1213db. Calc ok.  Hydro O2 appears .03
                     high on Pot Temp vs O2 plot. SIL a little high and NO3 & PO4
                     same as adjacent levels. Looks similar to Sta 788 sample 110
                     problem except this time freon looks good.  Footnote
                     salinity, oxygen and silicate questionable.
      
      STATION 791
      
      116            Sample Log: "Air leak; air vent tight."  Delta-S .001 high
                     at 399db. Other samples also ok.
      
      STATION 792
      
      116-118        CTDO Processor: "Top 80db CTD oxygen questionable."
      
      116            Sample log:"Broke salt bottle 16; substituted 24."  Salt
                     data sheet (printout) has salt bottle 16.  Delta-S .008 high
                     at 73db. Down CTD T&S traces not same as up traces. Autosal
                     operator says should be salt bottle 24.
      
      102            Sample log: "O2 sampling only. Was duplicate CSC trip."
                     Freon also sampled per Sample log.  SLT not drawn.  No
                     nutrients drawn.
      
      STATION 793
      
      103            PO4 .10 high at 998db. Calc & peak ok.  NO3 ok. Possible PO4
                     contamination.  Footnote phosphate questionable.
      
      102            Sample log:"No samples; Duplicate CSC trip."
      
      STATION 794
      
      102            Sample log:"No sampling; duplicate CSC bottle trip."  Sample
                     log says freon sampled.
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                    S04P ð ODF AMS 14C Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      
                                         S4P
                                     Final Report
                                for AMS 14 C Samples
                          Robert M. Key and Peter Schlosser
                                  January 19, 1999
      
      
      1.0 General Information
      
      WOCE cruise S4P was carried out aboard the R/V Akademik Ioffe in the southern 
      Pacific Ocean. The WHPO designation for this cruise was 90KDIOFFE6/1. Mikhail H. 
      Koshlyakov (Shirshov Inst.) and James G. Richman (OSU) were the chief 
      scientists. The cruise track included WHP stations beginning on the continental 
      shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula at 67 28S 71 5W on February 22, 1992, 
      continuing west along ca. 67S at nominally 30 nautical mile intervals. The first 
      ten stations were made along a northwesterly line approximately perpendicular to 
      the continental slope with stations over the shelf break and slope located on 
      isobaths separated by approximately 800 m. Over the Bellingshausen Abyssal 
      Plain between 91 34W and 130 41W and over the Amundsen Abyssal Plain between 142 
      11W and 157 41W, the station spacing was increased to nominally 40 nautical 
      miles. At 174 15E, the track turned southwestward to run perpendicular to the 
      Antarctic continental shelf. The section was completed with a station in 200 m 
      of water off Cap Daemon at 70 39S 168 04E. The section was restarted with a 
      repeat station at 67 S 174 15E and continued east-northeast to end in 400 m of 
      water off Young Island of the Balleny Islands at 66 25 S 162 41E. The reader is 
      referred to cruise documentation provided by the chief scientists as the primary 
      source for cruise information. This report covers details of the small volume 
      radiocarbon samples. The AMS station locations are shown in Figure 1 and summa-
      rized in Table 1. A total of 594 DEL14C samples were collected at 30 stations.
      
      
                        TABLE 1. S4P delta 14 C Station Locations
      
                        Station                            Bottom
                        Number  Date   Latitude  Longitude  Depth
                        -----------------------------------------
                        682   2/22/92  -67.468   -70.089     236
                        683   2/22/92  -67.166   -71.121     453
                        684   2/23/92  -66.895   -71.998     445
                        685   2/23/92  -66.800   -72.250     831
                        686   2/23/92  -66.782   -72.264    1571
                        687   2/24/92  -66.732   -72.238    2430
                        688   2/26/92  -66.685   -72.265    3087
                        691   2/24/92  -65.906   -75.013    4037
                        698   2/26/92  -66.998   -82.233    4262
                        703    3/2/92  -67.001   -88.534    4437
                        710    3/2/92  -66.987   -99.980    4718
                        716    3/4/92  -67.003  -110.248    4388
                        722    3/6/92  -67.002  -120.460    4555
                        726    3/7/92  -66.982  -127.236    4465
                        732    3/9/92  -67.000  -135.834    4661
                        736   3/10/92  -66.991  -140.951    4175
                        740   3/12/92  -67.007  -147.483    4457
                        744   3/13/92  -66.967  -154.328    4251
                        748   3/15/92  -66.983  -160.290    4172
                        754   3/17/92  -66.993  -167.907    3427
                        760   3/18/92  -66.973  -175.628    2831
                        764   3/20/98  -67.037   179.231    3747
                        768   3/21/92  -67.049   174.319    3179
                        772   3/22/92  -68.703   171.441    3312
                        775   3/22/92  -69.933   169.344    2731
                        777   3/23/92  -70.411   168.496    1722
                        778   3/23/92  -70.451   168.414    1058
                        779   3/23/92  -70.493   168.308     386
                        780   3/23/92  -70.648   168.066     209
                        790   3/29/92  -66.022   164.803    2814
      
      
                                                    S04P ð ODF AMS 14C Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      2.0 Personnel
      
      14 C sampling for this cruise was carried out by Jordan Clark (now at UCSB) and 
      Dorothea Bauch (now at GEOMAR in Germany). 14 C (and accompanying 13 C) analyses 
      were performed at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods 
      Hole Oceanographic Institution. R. Key collected the data from the originators, 
      merged the files, assigned quality control flags to the 14 C and submitted the 
      data files to the WOCE office (1/99). Peter Schlosser (LDEO) is P.I. for the 14 
      C data and NOSAMS for the 13 C data.
      
      
      3.0 Results
      
      This 14 C data set and any changes or additions supersedes any prior release.
      
      3.1 Hydrography
      
      Hydrography from this leg has been submitted to the WOCE office by the chief 
      scientist and described in the hydrographic report.
      
      3.2 14 C
      
      The DEL14C values reported here were originally distributed in a NOSAMS data 
      report (NOSAMS, 1998), September 16, 1998. That reports included preliminary 
      results which had not been through the WOCE quality control procedures. This 
      report supersedes that data distribution. All of the AMS samples from this 
      cruise have been measured. Replicate measurements were made on 34 water samples. 
      These replicate analyses are tabulated in Table 2. 
      
      
                         Table 2: Summary of Replicate Analyses
      
                Sta-Cast-Bottle  del14C  Err   E.W.Mean(a)  Uncertainty(b)
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                683-1-9          -153.8  2.9     -153.8          2.6 
                                 -153.8  5.7
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                683-1-10         -149.2  2.9     -147.4          5.7 
                                 -140.0  3.8
                                 -150.3  3.1
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                683-1-11         -149.1  6.0     -146.0          3.2
                                 -144.8  3.8
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                686-1-4          -163.0  2.9     -163.2          2.6
                                 -163.7  6.2
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                687-2-5          -165.8  2.5      163.6          5.0
                                 -158.6  4.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-11         -171.2  6.1     -169.4          3.7
                                 -168.4  4.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-18         -143.4  3.5     -144.7           2.6
                                 -146.3  3.8
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-19         -136.4  2.6     -136.7           1.9
                                 -137.2  2.7
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-20         -139.5  3.6     -138.0           2.1 
                                 -137.2  2.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-21         -115.1  2.2     -113.6           2.7
                                 -111.2  2.7
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-23          -91.1  3.8      -90.2           3.1 
                                  -88.4  5.3
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                688-1-24          -82.4  3.2      -81.6           2.1
                                  -81.0  2.7
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-2          -168.4  2.8     -161.0           2.3
                                 -161.4  4.5
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-3          -168.4  2.3     -166.6           3.6
                                 -163.4  3.1
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-5          -162.0  2.2     -162.1           1.9
                                 -162.2  3.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-7          -157.6  2.5     -157.0           2.2
                                 -154.8  4.4
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-12         -158.3  4.1     -155.3           3.4
                                 -153.5  3.1
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-13         -153.4  2.2     -154.3            2.6
                                 -158.3  8.7
                                 -158.2  5.3
                                 -154.1  2.9
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-20         -117.4  2.6     -117.4           1.8
                                 -117.4  2.4
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-22          -87.7  3.2      -84.8           3.2
                                  -83.2  3.0
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                703-1-23          -81.1  5.3      -82.6           2.6
                                  -93.1  3.0
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                716-1-2          -162.5  2.8     -153.0          13.5
                                 -143.4  2.8  
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                726-1-8          -150.1  3.7     -151.1           2.8
                                 -152.4  4.2 
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                732-1-1          -151.6  2.8     -150.2           2.6
                                 -147.9  3.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                736-1-28         -170.4  4.6     -169.9           3.0
                                 -169.7  3.9
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                744-1-10         -167.9  3.8     -166.5           2.4
                                 -165.7  3.1
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                764-1-16         -139.9  4.4     -138.2           2.4
                                 -137.5  2.9
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                768-1-6          -179.3  3.2     -176.2           5.0
                                 -172.2  3.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                768-1-7          -177.0  2.6     -178.5           2.6
                                 -180.7  3.3
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                768-1-8          -165.1  3.0     -161.2           5.2
                                 -157.8  2.8
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                768-1-29         -164.7  3.4     -162.2           3.4 
                                 -159.9  3.2
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                772-1-18         -161.4  4.8     -162.3           2.9 
                                 -162.7  3.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                775-1-13         -153.7  2.7     -152.0           2.0 
                                 -151.7  3.2
                                 -153.7  5.6
                ---------------------------------------------------------
                777-1-1          -133.4  4.1     -142.4          11.0 
                                 -149.0  3.5
      
                a. Error weighted mean reported with data set
                b. Larger of the standard deviation and the error weighted
                   standard deviation of the mean.
      

                                                    S04P ð ODF AMS 14C Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe
      
      The table shows the error weighted mean and uncertainty for each set of 
      replicates. Uncertainty is defined here as the larger of the standard deviation 
      and the error weighted standard deviation of the mean. For these replicates, the 
      simple average of the normal standard deviations for the replicates is 2.8”. 
      This precision estimate is a bit lower than the average error for the time frame 
      over which these samples were measured (Aug. 1996 - Apr. 1998) and a bit lower 
      than the overall mean error for Pacific WOCE samples (Elder, et. al., 1998). 
      Note that the errors given for individual measurements in the final data report 
      (with the exception of the replicates) include only counting errors, and errors 
      due to blanks and backgrounds. The uncertainty obtained for replicate analyses 
      is generally a better estimate of the true error since it includes errors due to 
      sample collection, sample degassing, etc. Close examination of the data along 
      67S in the deep water indicates that 3-4” may be a more realistic of the true 
      error associated with this data set.
      
      
      4.0 Quality Control Flag Assignment
      
      Quality flag values were assigned to all DEL14C measurements using the code 
      defined in Table 0.2 of WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1 Rev. 2 section 4.5.2. 
      (Joyce, et al., 1994). Measurement flags values of 2, 3, and 6 have been 
      assigned. The choice between values 2 (good) and 3 (questionable) involves some 
      interpretation. There is little overlap between this data set and any existing 
      14 C data, so that type of comparison was difficult. In general the lack of 
      other data for comparison led to a more lenient grading on the 14 C data. 
      
      When using this data set for scientific application, any 14 C datum which is 
      flagged with a "3" should be carefully considered. When flagging 14 C data, the 
      measurement error was taken into consideration. That is, approximately one-third 
      of the 14 C measurements are expected to deviate from the true value by more 
      than the measurement precision. No measured values have been removed from this 
      data set. Table 3 summarizes the quality control flags assigned to this data 
      set. For a detailed description of the flagging procedure see Key, et al. 
      (1996).
      
      
                  Table 3: Summary of Assigned Quality Control Flags
      
                                     Flag Number
                                     -----------
                                       2   544
                                       3    12
                                       4     2
                                       5     6
                                       6    30 
                          a. Some replicates flagged 3 or 4
      
      
                                                    S04P ð ODF AMS 14C Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      5.0 Data Summary
      
      Figures 2-6 summarize the DEL14C data collected on this leg. Only DEL14C 
      measurements with a quality flag value of 2 ("good") or 6 ("replicate") are 
      included in each figure. Figure 2 shows the delta 14 C values with 2 error bars 
      plotted as a function of pressure. The mid depth delta 14 C minimum which 
      normally occurs around 2500 meters in most of the Pacific is absent in this 
      section. In fact, there is very little variation in the deep and bottom water. 
      All of the samples for the entire cruise collected at a depth greater than 1000 
      meters have a mean DEL14C = -156.08.5” with a substantial fraction of this 
      variance due to the samples collected very near the Antarctic slope. Figure 3 
      shows the DEL14C values plotted against silicate. The straight line shown in the 
      figure is the least squares regression relationship derived by Broecker et al. 
      (1995) based on the GEOSECS global data set. According to their analysis, this 
      line (14 C = -70 - Si) represents the relationship between naturally occurring 
      radiocarbon and silicate for most of the ocean. They interpret deviations in 
      DEL14C above this line to be due to input of bomb-produced radiocarbon, however, 
      they note that the technique can not be applied at high latitudes as confirmed 
      by this data set. With the exception of the very near surface waters, this 
      region of the Pacific shows no change since GEO-SECS which strongly implies that 
      the data in Figure 3 indicates a failure of the technique in this area rather 
      than bomb-produced contamination throughout the water column.
      
      Figure 4 shows all of the S4P radiocarbon values plotted against potential 
      alkalinity normalized to a salinity of 35 (defined as [alkalinity + 
      nitrate]*35/salinity). The straight line is the regression fit ( 14 C = -68 -
      (PALK_35 - 2320) derived by S. Rubin (LDEO) to all of the GEOSECS results for 
      waters which were assumed to have no bomb-produced 14 C (depths greater than 
      1000 meters, but including high latitude samples). Preliminary investigation 
      indicates that this new method for separating bomb-produced and natural 14 C 
      works in high latitude waters. For this data set it appears that the regression 
      intercept derived from the GEOSECS data may be a bit too low. Regardless, if the 
      function is valid, then for these data, waters which have alkalinity values less 
      than ~2395 µmole/kg have a significant amount of bomb-produced radiocarbon. If 
      this is true, and if the values have changed little since GEOSECS, then most of 
      the bomb contamination had to have been distributed throughout most of the water 
      column even as early as the mid 1970's.
      
      Figure 5 shows the main cruise section along ~67S and Figure 6 shows a contoured 
      section of the DEL14C distribution along the portion of the cruise track along 
      ~170E. Note that the color scale used in the two figures is different. The data 
      were gridded using the "loess" methods described in Chambers et al. (1983), 
      Chambers and Hastie (1991), Cleveland (1979) and Cleveland and Devlin (1988). 
      In Figure 5 the variability in values from depths greater than 500 meters is 
      essentially the same as the measurement error. The 170E section clearly shows 
      penetration of bomb radiocarbon along the Antarctic continental slope. No other 
      WOCE section yet measured shows DEL14C values as high as -140” in Southern Ocean 
      bottom water. The source of this "new" bottom water appears to be somewhere 
      along the shelf in the Ross Sea as indicated by FIGURE7 which shows the near 
      bottom 14 C for stations where the water depth is at least 3500m. In this rather 
      crude map the heavy line is continental outline and the lighter line the 3500m 
      bathymetry. The data for this figure were gridded using the objective analysis 
      technique described by Sarmiento, et al. (1982).
      
      
                                                    S04P ð ODF AMS 14C Data Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      6.0 References and Supporting Documentation
      
      Broecker, W.S., S. Sutherland and W. Smethie, Oceanic radiocarbon: Separation of 
          the natural and bomb components, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(2), 263-
          288, 1995.
      Chambers, J.M. and Hastie, T.J., 1991, Statistical Models in S, Wadsworth & 
          Brooks, Cole Computer Science Series, Pacific Grove, CA, 608pp.
      Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, B., and Tukey, P.A., 1983, Graphical 
          Methods for Data Analysis, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
      Cleveland, W.S., 1979, Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing 
          scatterplots, J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 74, 829-836.
      Cleveland, W.S. and S.J. Devlin, 1988, Locally-weighted regression: An approach 
          to regression analysis by local fitting, J. Am. Statist. Assoc, 83:596-610.
      Elder, K.L. A.P. McNichol and A.R. Gagnon, Reproducibility of seawater, 
          inorganic and organic carbon 14 C results at NOSAMS, Radiocarbon, 40(1), 
          223-230, 1998
      Joyce, T., and Corry, C., eds., Corry, C., Dessier, A., Dickson, A., Joyce, T., 
          Kenny, M., Key, R., Legler, D., Millard, R., Onken, R., Saunders, P., 
          Stalcup, M., contrib., Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme Data 
          Reporting, WHPO Pub. 90-1 Rev. 2, 145pp., 1994.
      Key, R.M., WOCE Pacific Ocean radiocarbon program, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 415-423, 
          1996.
      Key, R.M., P.D. Quay, G.A. Jones, A.P. McNichol, K.F. Von Reden and R.J. 
          Schneider, WOCE AMS Radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results; P6, P16 & P17, 
          Radiocarbon, 38(3), 425-518, 1996.
      NOSAMS, National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility Data Report #98-122, Woods Hole
          Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, 9/16/1998
      Sarmiento, J.L., J. Willebrand and S. Hellerman, Objective analysis of tritium 
          observations in the Atlantic Ocean during 1971-74, Ocean Tracer Lab, 
          Technical Report #1, July, 1982.
      
      
      Figure 1: AMS 14 C station locations for WOCE S4P.
      
      Figure 2: DEL14C results for S4P stations shown with 2 error bars.Only those 
                measurements having a quality control flag value of 2 or 6 are 
                plotted.
      
      Figure 3: DEL14C as a function of silicate for S4P AMS samples. The straight 
                line shows the relationship proposed by Broecker, et al., 1995 (14 C = 
                -70 - Si with radiocarbon in ” and silicate in µmol/kg).
      
      Figure 4: Based on the new method devised by S. Rubin, the samples which plot 
                above the line and have potential alkalinity values less than 
                2395mole/kg are contaminated with bomb-produced 14 C. Two sigma error 
                bars shown for all samples flagged as "good" or "replicate".
      
      Figure 5: DEL14C along main east-west section of S4P at approximately 67S.
      
      Figure 6: DEL14C along ~170E near the Antarctic slope. Note that both the 
                scaling and color table are different than used in Figure 5. The near 
                bottom values along the lower slope are the lowest circumpolar bottom 
                values measured during WOCE and indicate entrainment of "new" bottom 
                water.
      
      Figure 7: Objective map of near bottom 14 C for WOCE stations in the far 
                southeastern Pacific. The heaviest line is the continental outline, 
                the lighter line is the 3500 meter bathymetry. Regions where the water 
                depth was less than 3500 meters were masked after gridding. The 
                pattern suggests that there is a source of bottom water in the Ross 
                Sea.
      
      
      (NB: Figures are available in PDF file)
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      
      
      
                                      WHPO Summary
      
      Several data files are associated with this report.  They are the s4.sum,  
      s4.hyd, s4.csl and *.wct files.  The s4.sum file contains a summary of the 
      location, time, type of parameters sampled, and other pertinent information 
      regarding each hydrographic station.  The s4.hyd file contains the bottle data. 
      The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station.  The *.wct  files are zipped 
      into one file called s4wct.zip. The s4.csl file is a listing of ctd and 
      calculated values at standard levels.
      
      The following is a description of how the standard levels and calculated values 
      were derived for the s4.csl file:
      
      Salinity, Temperature and Pressure
      These three values were smoothed from the individual CTD files over the N 
      uniformly increasing pressure levels using the following binomial filter-
      
              t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1
      
      When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not contained 
      within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated to the desired level 
      after applying the binomial filtering.   
      
      Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4: KG/M3)
      These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale (PSS-78) and the 
      international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80) as described in the UNESCO 
      publication 44 at reference pressures of the surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for 
      Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4.
      
      Gradient Potential Temperature
      (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares slope between two levels, 
      where the standard level is the center of the interval.  The interval being the 
      smallest of the two differences between the standard level and the two closest 
      values. The slope is first determined using CTD temperature and then the 
      adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the gradient potential temperature.  
      Equations and Fortran routines are described in UNESCO publication, Processing 
      of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991.
      
      Gradient Salinity
      (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares slope between two levels, 
      where the standard level is the center of the standard level and the two closes 
      values.  Equations and Fortran routines are described in UNESCO publication, 
      Processing of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991.
      
      Potential Vorticity
      (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical component ignoring 
      contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e. pv=fN2/g, where f is the coriolius 
      parameter, N is the buoyancy frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), and g is 
      the local acceleration of gravity. 
      
      Buoyancy Frequency
      (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic leveling method, Fofonoff (1985) 
      and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff (1990).  Equations and Fortran routines are 
      described in UNESCO publication 44.
      
      Potential Energy 
      (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are calculated by integrating 
      from 0 to the level of interest.  Equations and fortran routines are described 
      in UNESCO publication, Processing of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991.
      
      Neutral Density 
      (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N (Jackett and McDougall) 
      version 1.3 Nov. 94. 
      
      
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

      
      
      
      G.1  CTD DQE, WOCE section S04P
           (Eugene Morozov)
      
      Data quality of 2-db CTD temperature, salinity and oxygen 
      profiles and reference rosette samples were examined.  Vertical 
      distributions and theta-salinity curves were compared for individual 
      stations using the data of up and down CTD casts and rosette probes. 
      
      Data of several neighboring stations were compared.  The distance between 
      stations was 20 miles or greater, that is why I made comparison of no
      more than 4-5 stations, otherwise there was a great difference between
      measurements.
      
          There are no CTDOXY upcast data in the .hy2 file.
          Questionable data in *.hy2 file were marked in QUALT2 word.
          The general opinion of the data is that this is a high-quality data
              set with little remarks that could be done by me.  The entire 
              data set fully matches WOCE requirements.       
      
          Listing of results from the comparison of salinity and  oxygen data.
          Only those stations are listed which have data remarks. 
      
      STATION  General       Remarks by              Remarks by
               remarks        J.Swift                E. Morozov 
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
       684              Top 20db CTDOXY Qble
       
       686              Top 15db CTDOXY Qble
       
       687     No CTDOXY                        
         
       688     No CTDOXY
       
       689     No CTDOXY                                                    
                                           
       690     No CTDOXY
       
       692     No CTDOXY
       
       695                                       124.8db bottle may leak,
                                                 SALNTY is 0.017 less than
                                                 upcast CTDSAL, which means
                                                 water sample could be mixed
                                                 with shallower waters, as well
                                                 as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher
                                                 than downcast CTDOXY.
                                                         
       696              Top 18db CTDOXY Qble
       
       699              Top 40db CTDOXY Qble
       
       702              Top 70db CTDOXY Qble     OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                 2600-3850 db interval by 4 µmol/k
                                                 CTDOXY data in this interval are
                                                 less than on  stations 701,703,
                                                 while OXYGEN data on these three
                                                 stations match well. I consider
                                                 CTDOXY data in this interval Qble.
      
       703              Top 120db CTDOXY Qble    170 - 400 db CTDOXY Qble
                                                 the origin seems the same as
                                                 for the upper layer - problems
                                                 with CTDOXY calibration, 
                                                 CTDOXY data are less than OXYGEN.
                                                     
       704              Top 50db CTDOXY Qble
       
       705              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble
       
       708              Top 12db CTDOXY Qble
       
       709              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble    OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                1500-3000 db interval by 3 µmol/kg 
                                                CTDOXY data are lower than on
                                                neighboring stations. CTDOXY
                                                data in this interval needs
                                                better calibration. 
                                                CTDOXY is very noisy, they
                                                occupy a very broad band. 
                                                It seems that correct
                                                values are located to the
                                                right side of this vertical
                                                profile band.  All noise
                                                reduces CTDOXY values.
      
       710              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble
       
       711     Bad      Top 100db CTDOXY Qble   200-300db  CTDOXY Qble.
               station                          Top 150 db downcast CTDSAL
                                                seem Qble, and probably many
                                                errors in 0-1000db interval.
                                                Upcast CTDSAL exceed
                                                SALNTY by 0.01
                                                        
       712              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble   Very noisy CTDOXY
      
       713              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble   Very noisy CTDOXY
      
       714              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble   Very noisy CTDOXY
      
       715                                      Two Qble CTDOXY peaks around
                                                1600 and 2400 db
       
       717              Top 70db CTDOXY Qble
       
       718              Top 40db CTDOXY Qble
       
       719     No CTDOXY  
       

                                                               S04P ð CTD DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


       720     No CTDOXY 
       
       721     No CTDOXY
       
       722              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble
       
       723     No CTDOXY
       
       724     No CTDOXY
       
       726                                      OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                1800-3000 db interval by 3 µmol/k,
                                                there is an opposite situation
                                                below 4000 db. CTDOXY data
                                                need better calibration.
      
       730              Top 100db CTDOXY Qble
       
       732                                      OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                2000-3000 db interval by 3 µmol/k,
                                                CTDOXY data are Qble in this 
                                                interval.
                                                                    
       733              Top 70db CTDOXY Qble
       
       734              Top 40db CTDOXY Qble
       
       736                                      CTDSAL are 0.002-0.003 PSU
                                                larger than SALNTY in deep
       737                                      water below 1200 db
                                                (st. 736, 737, 738).
       738                                      I consider CTDSAL calibration
                                                was wrong for these stations.
                                                
       739              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble      
       
       740              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble    OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                2000-3000 db interval by 2 µmol/k
                                                         
       741                                      OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                1800-2800 db interval by 2 µmol/k
                                                
       742                                      OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                2000-3000 db interval by 2 µmol/k
                                                Problems with CTDOXY calibration
                                                for stations 740, 741, 742.
                                                       

                                                               S04P ð CTD DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


       743              Top 70db CTDOXY Qble    122.2db bottle  may leak.
                                                SALNTY is 0.014 less than
                                                upcast CTDSAL, which means
                                                water sample could be mixed
                                                with shallower waters, as well
                                                as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher
                                                than downcast CTDOXY.
       
       744                                      1291.9db bottle may leak
       
       748                                      OXYGEN exceed CTDOXY in
                                                1800-2600 db interval by 2 µmol/k,
                                                CTDOXY calibration is wrong.
       
       751              Top 40db CTDOXY Qble           
       
       752              Top 20db CTDOXY Qble 
       
       755                                      OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                500-2200 db interval by 3 µmol/k
                                                CTDOXY calibration is wrong.
                                                128.7 db bottle may leak.
                                                SALNTY is 0.017 less than
                                                upcast CTDSAL, which means
                                                water sample could be mixed
                                                with shallower waters.
                                                CTDOXY data differs by 18.
                                                from bottle OXYGEN.
                                                
       759              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble        
         
       761              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble           
       
       763                                      1078db OXYGEN is less than
                                                CTDOXY by 4 µmol/kg
                                                Bottle OXYGEN is Bad.
       
       764                                      I don't consider bottles
                                                at 253.6 and 399.8 dbars Qble.
                                                This layer has many intrusions.
       
       767              Temperature, salinity, oxygen in 530-800 db interval,
                        seem real, maybe it is an intrusion, measurements
                        do not seem Qble.
                           
       768              Top 40db CTDOXY Qble    OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                1400-2200 db interval by 2 µmol/k,
                                                CTDOXY calibration may be wrong.
                                                107.7db bottle may leak
                                                SALNTY is 0.033 less than
                                                upcast CTDSAL, which means
                                                water sample could be mixed
                                                with shallower waters, as well
                                                as for oxygen, OXYGEN is higher
                                                than downcast CTDOXY.
                                                2203 db OXYGEN is Qble.
       

                                                               S04P ð CTD DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


       770              Top 60db CTDOXY Qble    OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                150-750 db interval by 3 µmol/kg
      
                                                OXYGEN is less than CTDOXY in
                                                1200-2800 db interval by 3 µmol/k
                                                
                                                OXYGEN exceeds CTDOXY in
                                                3200-3350 db interval by 2 µmol/k 
                                                and I especially dont like it 
                                                because the difference is in the 
                                                deep water and there was no time 
                                                lag between up and down casts. 
                                                CTDOXY in deep water is less than
                                                on neighboring stations.
                                                Something may be wrong with the
                                                CTDOXY calibration.
                                                    
       771              Top 60db CTDOXY Qble
       
       772              Top 50db CTDOXY Qble
       
       773     No CTDOXY
       
       774     No CTDOXY
       
       775     No CTDOXY
       
       776     No CTDOXY
       
       777     No CTDOXY
       
       778     No CTDOXY
       
       779     No CTDOXY
       
       780     No CTDOXY
       
       781     No CTDOXY
       
       782     No CTDOXY
       
       783              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble    Very noisy CTDOXY
       
       784              Top 50db CTDOXY Qble    Very noisy CTDOXY
       
       786                                      Very noisy CTDOXY  
       
       787                                      OXYGEN is less than CTDOXY in
                                                270-1100 db interval by 3 µmol/kg,
                                                CTDOXY data is Qble.
       
       792              Top 80db CTDOXY Qble    Very noisy CTDOXY
      
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      
      
      G.2  Hydrographic DQE, WOCE section S04P
           (J.C. Jennings)
      
      The nutrient data from the WOCE S4 section appears to be of very high 
      quality; particularly the silicate and phosphate data.  We compared 
      groups of 10 stations using nutrient/theta and nutrient/pressure 
      plots.  Nitrate data is generally good, but there is relatively more 
      spread in the nitrate theta plots than in the phosphate/theta plots 
      for the same station groups.  For several of the station groups the 
      total width of the phosphate/theta "envelope" in the deep and bottom 
      water is ca. 0.02 - 0.03 micromoles/kg; or about 1.0% -  1.5% of the 
      maximum phosphate concentrations.  The width of the nitrate/theta 
      envelopes ranges from 0.5 - 1.0 micromoles/kg; roughly 1.5% - 3% of the 
      maximum concentrations observed.  The overall range in the deep and 
      bottom water silicate concentrations is 20 - 25 micromoles/kg, 
      reflecting both interaction with bottom sediments and the increasing 
      presence of Ross Sea Bottom Water in the western half of the section.  
      This wide range in observed silicate concentrations should make the 
      silicate data particularly useful as a water mass tracer.  The real 
      variability in the silicate concentrations makes it more difficult to 
      assess the precision of these measurements, but for station groups 
      exhibiting a "tight" silicate/theta relationship in the Circumpolar 
      Deep Water, the relative precision seems to be ó 1% of the maximum 
      concentrations.  The nitrite data seems to be of uniformly high quality, 
      with maximum concentrations observed of about 0.5 micromoles/kg.
      
      It was not possible to compare the S4 data with recent historical 
      nutrient observations in the same area because the data either does not 
      exist or has not yet been disseminated.  The early ELTANIN data was not 
      used because there are known problems with much of the nutrient data 
      from these cruises.
      
      The quality control notes supplied by the data originator were extremely 
      useful and served as a model for the format of the individual comments 
      that follow.  In most cases, we were hesitant to assign a quality code 
      of "4" designating bad data with known sampling or analytical problems, 
      instead using the quality code of "3" for questionable data.  With 
      access to the sample logs and analyst's logbooks, the data originators 
      are better qualified to assign a code of "4".
      
      
                                                    S04P ð BTL DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      Individual comments:
      
      The following is a summary of quality observations made during the DQE 
      "Q2" analysis of the WOCE S4 nutrient data.  Comments referring to 
      specific bottles include the pressures to the nearest whole decibar.  
      
      STATION 683:
      
         Btl 109 @ 439db: High SIL relative to theta. Sample at bottom so 
            probably caused by flux from sediments. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 684:
      
         Btl 101 @ 417db: High SIL relative to theta.  Bottom bottle of cast 
            so probably ok (See note for STN 683). Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 687:
      
         Btl 108 @ 1059db: Low PO4. Flag assigned: 3
         Btls 105 - 112 @ 450db - 1613db: All NO3 about 0.3 low relative to 
            adjacent stations.  No problems noted by Q1. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 688:
      
         Btl 103 @ 2675db: PO4 low by about 0.03.  Flag assigned: 3.
      
      STATION 689:
      
         Btl 117 @ 303db: High PO4 by about 0.03.  Right at nutrient maximum, 
            and no problem noted by Q1, so probably ok.  Flag assigned: 2
         Btl 118 @ 253db: High NO3 by about 0.3. As with Btl 117 (above) this 
            is the nutrient maximum and is probably ok: Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 692:
      
         Btl 107 @ 2260db: All nutrients low.  Noted as a leaking bottle by 
            Q1.  Flags assigned: 4
      
      STATION 693:
      
         Btls 110 - 117 @ 305 - 1160db: Slightly low PO4.  No obvious problem 
            found by Q1.  Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 695:
      
         Btl 122 @ 85db: All nutrients high. Q1 considers bottle a leaker.  
            Flag assigned: 3
         Btls 101 - 124: All NO3 seems a bit low.  Noted by Q1 but no problems 
            identified. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 698:
      
         Btl 107 @ 2942db: PO4 a bit high. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 701:
      
         Btls 101 - 124: All NO3 a bit low relative to following stations, but 
            agrees better with preceding station concentrations. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 702: 
      
         Btl 120 @ 212db: High SIL.  Salinity also high, and noted as leaker 
            by Q1: Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 703:
      
         Btl 120 @ 204: High SIL. Noted as pre-trip by Q1. Flags assigned (all 
            nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 704:
      
                                                    S04P ð BTL DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


         Btl 120 @ 209db: High SIL.  Noted as pre-trip by Q1: Flags assigned 
            (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 705:
      
         Btl 118 @ 505db: High SIL, Low NO3 and PO4. Noted as possible leaker 
            by Q1. Flag assigned (all nutrients): 3
         Btl 120 @ 305db: High SIL, low NO3 and PO4.  Noted as pre-trip by Q1. 
            Flag assigned (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 707: 
      
         Btl 125 @ 2161db: Low SIL, high NO3 and PO4.  Flags assigned (all 
            nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 708:
      
         Btl 115 @ 464db: High NO3. Q1 noted whole station as having high NO3. 
            Flag assigned: 3
         Btl 125 @ 1999db: Low Sil, high NO3 and PO4.  Also large delta Salt. 
            Apparent leaker. Flags assigned (all nutrients): 4 
      
      STATION 709: 
      
         Btls 106 - 110 @ 3095 - 1900db: High NO3 with no increase in PO4. 
            Flags assigned: 3
         Btls 112 - 117 @ 1300 - 403db: High NO3 with no increase in PO4. 
            Flags assigned: 3
      
      STATION 711:
      
         Btl 125 @ 2016db: Low SIL, high NO3 and PO4; apparent leaker. Flags 
            assigned (all nutrients): 4
      
      STATION 713:
      
         Btl 103 @ 4219db: Low NO3. Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 714:
      
         Btls 101 - 112: Low NO3 and low PO4. SIL looks ok. Flags assigned: 3
      
      STATION 715: 
      
         Btls 101 - 112: NO3 high by about 0.5, outside envelope of data from 
            adjacent stations.  PO4 also a bit high, but within envelope of adjacent 
            stations. Flags assigned to NO3: 3
      
      STATION 717:
      
         Btl 127 @ 1963db: Slightly high SIL on theta plot. No problem noted 
            by Q1. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 727:
      
         Btl 108 @ 2535db: SIL a bit low on theta plot; no problems noted by 
            Q1. Flag assigned: 2
         Btl 102 - 108 @ 4371 - 2535db: Deep NO3 values all look slightly low 
            compared to adjacent stations. No corresponding shift in PO4 values. No 
            problem noted by Q1.  Flags assigned: 2 
      
      STATION 730:
      
         Btls 101 - 104 @ 2834 - 4684db: Unusually low NO3, also noted by Q1.
            PO4 looks fine. Flags assigned: 3
         Btls 105 - 107: Slightly low NO3, but agree with values at station 
            727 (see note above). Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 731:
      
         Btls 103 - 105 @ 3600 - 4300db: NO3 a bit high; no corresponding 
            change in PO4. Flags assigned: 3
      
      STATION 737: 
      
         Btl 114 @ 655db: NO3 and PO4 a bit high but within envelope. SIL is 
            fine.  Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 741:
      
         Btl 126 @ 1509db: Slightly high SIL. Q1 notes low O2 and considers 
            bottle to be a leaker. Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 742:
      
         Btl 126 @  1413db: Q1 noted problem with O2.  Nutrients appear to be 
            ok. Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 743:
      
         Btls 106 and 107 @ 2517 and 2200db: SIL looks high on theta plot. 
            Flags assigned: 3
         Btl 126 @ 1350db: SIL high.  Q1 noted that O2 was high. PO4 and NO3 
            appear fine.  Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 744:
      
         Btl 105 @ 3246db: SIL looked a bit high in depth profile, ok on theta 
            plot. Flag assigned: 2
         Btl 108 @ 2200db: Low nutrients, high O2. Probable leaker. Flags 
            assigned (all nutrients): 3
         Btl 110 @ 1602db: High SIL on theta plot. Flag assigned: 3
         Btl 126 @ 1291db: SIL a bit high versus theta. Q1 notes also that O2 
            was high and considers bottle to be a leaker. Flags assigned (all 
            nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 746:
      
         Btls 106 - 113 @ 2504 - 897db: High NO3 with no corresponding change 
            in PO4.  Station 747 is also high. Flags assigned: 3
      

                                                    S04P ð BTL DQE Report ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      STATION 747:
      
         Btls 102 and 105 - 110 @ 3961db, 3245 - 1718db: High NO3 with no 
            increase in PO4.  These values and those at station 746 are outside the 
            theta/NO3 envelope by 0.3 - 0.5.  Flags assigned: 3
      
      STATION 751:
      
         Btl 110 @ 1417db:  Low PO4; NO3 and SIL seem ok.  Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 755:
      
         Btls 120 and 121 @ 154 and 129db: Low NO3 on theta plots.  These are 
            shallow samples above the Tmin, probably ok. Flags assigned: 2
         Btl 127 @ 1769db: Q1 noted high O2 and odd CO2 and assumed bottle 
            leaked.  Nutrients look ok and delta-S was small.  Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 756:
      
         Btl 120 @ 152db: Low NO3. Probably ok, see note for station 755. Flag 
            assigned: 2
      
      STATION 757:
      
         Btl 121 @ 114db: Nutrients look low on theta plots, but this is due 
            to overlying layer of Winter Water.  Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 760:
      
         Btls 128, 105, 106, 107 @ 2287 - 1696db: High NO3, no corresponding 
            increase in PO4.  Flags assigned: 3
      
      STATION 761:
      
         Btls 107, 108, 127 @ 1865 - 2672db: Slightly high NO3 with no 
            corresponding increase in PO4. No problems noted by Q1. Flags assigned: 2
         Btl 23 @ 34db: High PO4; other nutrients same as rest of mixed layer.  
            Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 763:
      
         Btl 106 @ 2441db: Slightly high NO3 per Q1.  Falls within NO3/ theta 
            envelope. Flag assigned: 2
         Btl 128 @ 3053db: Slightly high NO3 per Q1.  Falls within NO3/theta 
            envelope.  flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 766:
      
         Btl 127 @ 1872db: Q1 noted that CFC and O2 data was high and 
            considers bottle a leaker.  Nutrients look ok. Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 767:
      
         Btls 108 - 114 @ 710 - 1572db: High NO3 with no increase in PO4. 
            Flags assigned: 3
         Btl 110 @ 1158: High SIL on theta plot; also Q1 noted high O2 and CFC 
            values.  Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 768:
      
         Btl 10 @ 1132db: High SIL on theta plots. Q1 noted high O2 as well 
            and considered bottle a leaker.  Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 769:
      
         Btl 10 @ 1518: Low NO3, Q1 noted that O2 was high and considered 
            bottle a leaker. Flag assigned: 3
      
      STATION 771:
      
         All bottles: NO3 seems about 0.5 low relative to station 772 with no 
            change in PO4.  No problems noted by Q1.  Following stations get 
            increasingly shallow and NO3 values do drop, so that station 771 is 
            within the overall envelope except for bottles tripped in the Warm Deep 
            Water with theta above 0.5 degrees.  Flags assigned: 3 to all NO3
      
      STATION 772: 
      
         All bottles: NO3 seems a bit high relative to station 771 and 
            following stations except for station 776.  NO3 values are well within 
            envelope for the preceding group of stations.  Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 778:
      
         Btl 126 @ 172db: Low PO4 and NO3. Q1 notes a sample log entry of 
            "frozen". Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3
         Btl 127 @ 303db: Q1 noted sample freezing in Niskin bottle.  
            Nutrients look ok.  Flags assigned: 2
      
      STATION 781:
      
         Btl 107 @ 1897db: PO4 just a bit high.  Within PO4/theta envelope of 
            surrounding stations. Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 788:
      
         Btl 110 @ 1198db: SIL a bit high.  Q1 noted that O2 and CFCs were 
            high.  Flags assigned (all nutrients): 3
      
      STATION 789:
      
         Btl 110 @ 1201db: Similar to bottle 110 at preceding station; 
            slightly high SIL, NO3 and PO4 seem ok. CFC data good at this station.  
            Flag assigned: 2
      
      STATION 793:
      
         Btl 103 @ 998: High PO4. Other nutrients look ok. Flag assigned: 3 
      
      
      
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                               
                                                         S04P ð Koshlyakov/Richman ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe

      WPHO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      05/18/94  Gordon, H.   SUM/DOC           Sent to DQE
                Dear Dr. Gordon (Louis):
                Dr. Joyce asked me to send you the enclosed two diskettes 
                with the bottle data from SR4 (ANT VIII and ANT IX) and S4. 
                Besides the data files, there are *.SUM and *.DOC files for 
                each cruise. We are including reference data from AJAX2 for 
                your use and the latest version of WHPEDIT.

      07/01/94  Joyce        BTL               Submitted by J.Rickman for DQE
                Dear Dr. Rickman:
                Thank you for sending the WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office 
                the bottle data from your cruise aboard the Ak. Ioffe for 
                WOCE Line S4. The expocode used to refer to this cruise is 
                90KDIOFFE6/1.

      07/01/94  Joyce  BTL                     Submitted by M. Koshlyakov for DQE
                Dear Dr. Koshlyakov:
                Thank you for sending the WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office 
                the bottle data from your cruise aboard the Ak. Ioffe for 
                WOCE Line S4. The expocode used to refer to this cruise is 
                90KDIOFFE6/1.

      10/05/94  Dunworth     C14/CO2/CFC/HeTr  Data Request
                Mikhail Koshlyakov has requested that the WHP office 
                solicit data, on his behalf, from his S4 cruise on the Prof 
                Ioffe. Our records show the following PIs and their 
                measurement responsibilities:
                  Dr. Greg  Rau: carbon isotopes
                  Dr Peter  Schlosser: AMS C14, helium, tritium, 018
                  Dr David  Chipman: TC02, pC02 and underway pC02.
                  Dr Mark Warner:   CFCs
                If the WHPO can help in any way with the formatting and/or 
                merging of the data into the WOCE format, please don't 
                hesitate to contact us.

      12/01/94  Kozyr        CO2               DQE Begun: update note to T.Joyce
                I am pleased to inform you that the Carbon Dioxide 
                Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) has received the final 
                carbon-related measurements (Total C02 and PC02) from the 1992 
                R/V Akademik Ioffe expedition 90KDIOFF6/1 (WOCE section S4P). 
                Taro Takahashi, David Chipman, and Stewart Sutherland of Lamont 
                Doherty Earth Observa-tory provided the carbon-related 
                measurements along with files containing the preliminary 
                hydrographic and chemical measurements and the station 
                inventories. We will furnish you with the results of our DQE on 
                the S4P data after completion. If there are further 
                developments on the DQE and processing of the hydrographic 
                measure-ments, please let us know.


                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      12/08/94  Joyce        CTD/BTL/SUM       Data Status Update to M N. Koshlyakov
                We have been waiting for the data evaluator reports on 
                your bottle data from S4, and have only a partial report on 
                the nutrients. We also are still waiting for the CFC data 
                from Mark Warner and the CTD data from Scripps. We will 
                continue to seek these data and will keep you posted when 
                something happens; perhaps a message from you asking for 
                them to be submitted might help? In the meantime, the 
                enclosed floppy disk contains the most up to date version of 
                the bottle data and station summary file we have, as well as 
                a program, written for an IBM-type PC, for looking at the 
                bottle data. It is provided to the data quality evaluators 
                for flagging bad or questionable data; you might find it 
                helpful. Those individuals you listed as needing access to 
                this data set have been contacted by us; you need not send 
                them a copy of the data enclosed.

      03/14/95  Morozov      CTD/S/O           DQE Report Submitted

      03/30/95  Joyce        NUTs/CTD          DQE Complete; Notice to PIs
                We have now heard back from two DQEs on your IOFFE S4 
                dataset. Lou Gordon & Joe Jennings examined the nutrients 
                while Eugene Morozov, who is visiting the WHPO for three 
                months, looked at the salinity, oxygen and CTD data. Each of 
                the reports is attached as well as a table where each of the 
                DQEs have some disagreement with the quality assessment of 
                the bottle data.

                First, both of them agree that the data are of high quality, 
                but there are, of course, some problems in their view. As 
                for the CTD data, they were not submitted with any CTDOXY in 
                the bottle data. Some of the early datasets from ODF did not 
                have this, but more recent ones do. You should contact Jim 
                Swift and request that it be added to the file. Besides 
                making the bottle data more complete, it greatly facilitates 
                the DQEs' task of judging how well the CTDOXY is 
                'calibrated' to the bottles. Note that many of Morozov's 
                comments deal with CTDOXY from the CTD files and how it 
                'disagrees' with bottle data from the up cast. There are 
                also some suggestions from the data about possible leaking 
                bottles that you might consider. There are only 6 instances 
                where the DQE differs from the quality assessment as 
                submitted by you. Unless there are strong arguments to the 
                contrary, we will accept the DQE suggestions.

                There are numerous comments on the nutrient data, 
                particularly the nitrate. Also note that the DQE thought 
                many of your data flagged bad were either questionable or 
                good. In this case, we will let you be the judge-if you want 
                to retain you quality flag of "4", we will do so.
                Both reviewers noted that the lack of previous high quality 
                data in the region, makes it impossible to compare with 
                earlier cruises; this means that your dataset will become 
                our standard for comparison with other W11P cruises in the 
                southern reaches of the Pacific.

                I am sending this report to both of you, but I expect Jim 
                Richman to respond to this letter.

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      03/30/95  Jennings-Jr  NUTs              DQE Report sent to PI

      04/12/95  Koshlyakov   CTD/BTL/CFCs      Status Update: PIs named
                There is an agreement that Dr. Jim Swift has taken 
                responsibility for preparation of the FINAL CTD/Rosette data 
                (except CFCs) and submitting it to WHP Office for further 
                release. Dr. Mark Warner is responsible for the preparation 
                of the CFCs. I have no objections against data release for 
                public use and greet that these data would be accessible for 
                oceanographic community.
                Regards, Mikhail Koshlyakov.

      01/14/99  Talley       SUM               Data Update

      01/14/99  Warner       CFCs/TCARBN       DQE Issues Resolved

      01/14/99  Diggs        BTL               Website Updated: New BTL file online
                I have placed the new bottle data file on the website from 
                the WHOI Pacific Atlas.  Mark Warner pointed out to me that 
                he had indeed given the CFCs to Terry Joyce right before the 
                conference.  In any case, this file also has TCARBN values 
                and is public.
                All tables have been updated to reflect these changes.
                -sd 1999.01.14

      03/25/99  Diggs        S/O/NUTs/CFCs     Website Updated: status changed to public
                We're finally getting caught up here and we'll be putting 
                out the AMS C14 data for S04P (90KDIOFFE6_1: Feb 1992).  
                NOSAMS date was 9/16/2000, and I'm pretty sure that you've 
                already OK'd this, but one can't be too sure.
                Simple confirmation is all that is required.  I hope that 
                all is well on your end.  BTW, I'm still working on 
                translating A12 data from you and straightening out the 
                A13/A14 flag weirdness.

      04/29/99  Bartolacci   DELC13            Data Request to A. McNichol
                My understanding from Bob is that processing of C-13 for 
                these lines is finished. Is it possible to obtain the data 
                and/or an update on their status for the following cruise 
                lines? Any information you can provide would be greatly 
                appreciated! Thank you for your time!

      09/23/99  Anderson     NUTs              Data Update: changed nitrate values
                I have changed the three nitrite values for S04P station 
                716, bottles 4, 5, and 6 to 0.01 per Jim's e-mail.  I also 
                reformatted the .sum file.  Usual shifting, adding, deleting 
                columns. I did change the ExpoCode in the .sum file from 
                90KDIOFFE6/1 to RUKDIOFFE6_1 to conform with what is used on 
                the web site and in the .sea file (I assume this means we 
                are using RU for Russia instead of 90 which was used for the 
                Soviet Union).

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      02/04/00  Kozyr        TCARBN/PCO2       Final Data Submitted, DQE 
                Complete

      02/15/00  Hohmann      He/Tr             Almost ready to submit
                Peter Schlosser asked me to start with submitting our 
                helium and tritium data sets that are ready. - I am about to 
                send you the S4P, P16 and P17 data, but want to compare them 
                with John Lupton's data first.

      03/10/00  Hohmann      He/Tr             Submitted
                I just submitted the He, Ne and Tr data from the WHPO 
                lines S4P and P16A/P17A. Please let me know if you can 
                successfully read the data.

      03/22/00  Bartolacci   CO2               Website Updated: Data Online
                Merging notes for CO2 merging into S04P:
                ð  Data sent from Alex Kozyr on 2000.02.14.  Stripped header 
                   info from file.
                ð  S04P bottle file obtained from WHPO website.
                ð  Used mrgsea (DMN) to merge: TCARBN, PCO2, PCO2TMP.
                ð  Missing values in co2 file sent by Kozyr was -999.9.  
                   This was changed to WOCE format -9.0 in edited version of 
                   data prior to merging.
                ð  Changed expocode in WHPO bottle file from:  90KDIOFFE6/1  
                   to 90KDIOFFE6_1.
                ð  Changed cruise date in WHPO bottle file from:  Feb. 14-
                   April 6  to  021492-040692.
                ð  Ran wocecvt, only detected errors were in sumfile.
                ð  Ran read_hyd, no errors.
                ð  Ran maskhyd to add date/name stamp.
                ð  Output file called s04phy_mrg.txt

      03/22/00  Bartolacci   CO2               Website Updated: Data Online
                I have merged Alex Kozyr's CO2 data into the WHP S04P 
                bottle file.  Merged were total carbon, pco2 and pco2 tmp. 
                Old bottle file has been moved to the original directory and 
                replaced with the new merged file.  All tables and entries 
                have been updated to reflect this change.  No errors were 
                detected.

      04/19/00  Bartolacci   DELC14            Data Query: Can't locate data
                S04P  Neither myself nor Jerry could find any 
                documentation that these data came in, nor the data file 
                itself.  I will ask Steve about this one ASAP.

      04/19/00  Diggs        CTD/BTL/SUM       ExpoCode Update Needed
                Please change "RU" to "90" on Russian cruises
                Please change all designations of "RU" to "90" for the 
                Russian cruises.  We agreed on this a long time ago.


                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      04/20/00  Kappa        DELC14/DOC        Submission acknowledgement to B. Key
                Just letting you know your 3 files (one data file, 2 doc 
                files) made it across the ether and look fine.  The data 
                file has the following header:
                Station,Cast,Bottle Number,Pressure (dB),Delta C-14 
                (0/00),c14e,c14f and includes stations 682 - 794.
                The pdf doc file has 11 pages, which we will insert directly 
                into our online pdf doc for s04p.  One question.  Do you 
                have a plain text file for this report that you could send?
                - Jerry

                The 3 files described in my e-mail of earlier today have 
                been ftp'ed to the WHPO INCOMING directory.
                 - bob

      04/20/00  Key          DELC14/DOC        Final Data Submitted; release date is 9/16/2000
                S4P was a Schlosser cruise. The official release date for 
                this data is 9/16/2000 which is about the same as the 
                expected release date for the next CD-ROM. It is quite 
                possible (probable) that this omission is my error rather 
                than WHPO (I'm more hesitant to submit other's data and this 
                may have fallen through the cracks in the process). Assuming 
                this to be the case, I have attached an ascii version of the 
                final data (S4P.C14).

                My data dump software isn't picky about format, so extra 
                decimal values can be rounded to WOCE specs and any 
                truncated too short can have O's added in the decimal field. 
                otherwise, the data is to WOCE specs. I have also attached 
                two versions of the final C14 report for this cruise 
                (S4P.Cl4.pdf and S4P.C14.ps). The report is similar to 
                previous final reports, has an OTL Tech Rep. # for 
                reference, includes color figures, and is also accessible 
                via the GLODAP web site. This cruise can now be listed as 
                WHPO-RAW.

                I have talked to Steve regarding the LVS and I believe he is 
                working on them.
                On the upcoming CD-ROM release it would be nice if the C-14 
                data could somehow be linked to the various Final Reports. 

      04/21/00  Key          Cruise Report     Submitted;ascii version
                I put a copy of the report (S4P.txt) in your INCOMING 
                directory.  Unfortunately, my translator strings the tables 
                out (by row) so it is a bit messy and the figures are cut. I 
                do have all of the figures available as either simple ps or 
                epsi files and could transform into pdf if there is any 
                gain.

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      10/05/00  Anfuso       He/Tr/Ne          Website Updated: Data Online
                Merged DelHe3, Helium, Tritium, and Neon from Hohmann into 
                hyd file. Updated hyd file is on line. Merging notes in 
                original subdir 2000.03.10_S04P_HE_NE_HOHMANN. EXPO codes in 
                sum and hyd file do not match. Notes per S. Anderson 
                (1999.09.23) suggest EXPO code in sum file should be 
                changed. Read-only permission on this file. Please see 
                00_README notes in original subdir regarding EXPO code:
                  2000.10.04 SRA
                Merged DELHE, DELHER, HELIUM, HELIER, TRITIUM, TRITER, NEON, 
                  NEONER.
                Split data file S4PHeNeTr.sea into a separate file for each 
                  parameter, removed blank spaces (no data) from Neon data.
                NOTE: NEON data for station 768 btl 15 had no data (white 
                  space) and flag = 2.  Changed flag to 9.

      12/11/00  Uribe        Cruise Report     Submitted; found in 'sum file' dir.
                File contained here is a CRUISE SUMMARY and NOT sumfile. 
                Documentation is online.
                  2000.10.11 KJU
                Files were found in incoming directory under whp_reports. 
                This directory was zipped, files were separated and placed 
                under proper cruise. All of them are sum files.
                Received 1997 August 15th.

      02/26/01  Schlosser    He/Tr/Ne          Website Updated: Status Changed to Public
                Following up on Bill Jenkins's message, I would like to 
                ask you to make public all LDEO WOCE tritium/he data that 
                have been submitted to you.  because the tritium/he 
                community has not yet finished the final calibration of the 
                data, I might have to apply minor corrections to these data 
                once the intercal. effort has been completed.  our acce work 
                was funded over a 5-year period that ended in 2000.  
                consequently, this data set is further behind in quality 
                control before submission, but I expect that we will get 
                these data ready soon.

                SR3 was never funded in a 'regular' fashion, but I used NOAA 
                corc funds to keep the measurements of this sample set 
                moving. I expect to finish the analyses this summer and 
                submit them in fall.

      06/19/01  Swift        CTDTMP            Update Needed 
                An oceanographically-insignificant error in CTDTMP data for this 
                cruise has been found (ca. -0.00024*T - 0.00036 degC).  A data update 
                is forthcoming. In the interim the corrected data files can be 
                obtained from: ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData/woce/crs
                

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      06/20/01  Johnson      CTD               Data Update; Processing error corrected
                revised data available by ftp  ODF has discovered a small error in the 
                algorithm used to convert ITS90 temperature calibration data to 
                IPTS68.  This error affects reported Mark III CTD temperature data for 
                most cruises that occurred in 1992-1999.  A complete list of affected 
                data sets appears below.

                ODF temperature calibrations are reported on the ITS90 temperature 
                scale.  ODF internally maintains these calibrations for CTD data 
                processing on the IPTS68 scale.  The error involved converting ITS90 
                calibrations to IPTS68.  The amount of error is close to linear with 
                temperature: approximately -0.00024 degC/degC, with a -0.00036 degC 
                offset at 0 degC.  Previously reported data were low by 0.00756 degC 
                at 30 degC, decreasing to 0.00036 degC low at 0 degC.  Data reported 
                as ITS90 were also affected by a similar amount.  CTD conductivity 
                calibrations have been recalculated to account for the temperature 
                change.  Reported CTD salinity and oxygen data were not significantly 
                affected.
                
                Revised final data sets have been prepared and will be available soon 
                from ODF (ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData).  The data will eventually 
                be updated on the whpo.ucsd.edu website as well.
                IPTS68 temperatures are reported for PCM11 and Antarktis X/5, as 
                originally submitted to their chief scientists.  ITS90 temperatures 
                are reported for all other cruises.

                Changes in the final data vs. previous release (other than temperature 
                and negligible differences in salinity/oxygen):
                S04P:  694/03 CTD data were not reported, but CTD values were reported 
                with the bottle data.  No conductivity correction was applied to these 
                values in the original .sea file.  This release uses the same 
                conductivity correction as the two nearest casts to correct salinity.
                AO94:  Eight CTD casts were fit for ctdoxy (previously uncalibrated) 
                and resubmitted to the P.I. since the original release.  The WHP-
                format bottle file was not regenerated.  The CTDOXY for the following 
                stations should be significantly different than the original .sea file 
                values:
                    009/01 013/02 017/01 018/01 026/04 033/01 036/01 036/02 
                I09N: The 243/01 original CTD data file was not rewritten after 
                updating the ctdoxy fit.  This release uses the correct ctdoxy data 
                for the .ctd file.  The original .sea file was written after the 
                update occurred, so the ctdoxy values reported with bottle data should 
                be minimally different.
                ======================================================================
                DATA SETS AFFECTED:
                WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
                  WOCE Section ID   P.I.                 Cruise Dates
                  ------------------------------------------------------------
                  S04P             (Koshlyakov/Richman)  Feb.-Apr. 1992
                  P14C             (Roemmich)            Sept. 1992
                  PCM11            (Rudnick)             Sept. 1992
                  P16A/P17A        (JUNO1)  (Reid)       Oct.-Nov. 1992
                  P17E/P19S        (JUNO2)  (Swift)      Dec. 1992 - Jan. 1993
                  P19C             (Talley)              Feb.-Apr. 1993  
                  P17N             (Musgrave)            May-June 1993
                  P14N             (Roden)               July-Aug. 1993
                  P31              (Roemmich)            Jan.-Feb. 1994
                  A15/AR15         (Smethie)             Apr.-May 1994   
                  I09N             (Gordon)              Jan.-Mar. 1995
                  I08N/I05E        (Talley)              Mar.-Apr. 1995
                  I03              (Nowlin)              Apr.-June 1995
                  I04/I05W/I07C    (Toole)               June-July 1995
                  I07N             (Olson)               July-Aug. 1995
                  I10              (Bray/Sprintall)      Nov. 1995   
                  ICM03            (Whitworth)           Jan.-Feb. 1997

                non-WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
                  Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
                  ------------------------------------------------------------
                  Antarktis X/5    (Peterson)            Aug.-Sept. 1992
                  Arctic Ocean 94  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1994
                  Preliminary Data - WILL BE CORRECTED FOR FINAL RELEASE ONLY
                    NOT YET AVAILABLE: 
                  Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
                  ------------------------------------------------------------
                  WOCE-S04I        (Whitworth)           May-July 1996   
                  Arctic Ocean 97  (Swift)               Sept.-Oct. 1997
                  HNRO7            (Talley)              June-July 1999
                  KH36             (Talley)              July-Sept. 1999

                "Final" Data from cruise dates prior to 1992, or cruises which 
                    did not use NBIS CTDs, are NOT AFFECTED.
                post-1991 Preliminary Data NOT AFFECTED:
                  Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
                  ------------------------------------------------------------
                  Arctic Ocean 96  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1996
                  WOCE-A24 (ACCE)  (Talley)              May-July 1997
                  XP99             (Talley)              Aug.-Sept. 1999
                  KH38             (Talley)              Feb.-Mar. 2000
                  XP00             (Talley)              June-July 2000
          

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      06/21/01  Uribe        BTL               Website Updated: Exchange file online
                Bottle exchange file was put online.

      06/28/01  Uribe        CTD               Website Updated: Exchange file online
                CTD were converted to exchange format and put online.

      08/07/01  Muus         BTL               Website Updated: Data & Exchange file Online
                1.  Merged CFC-11, CFC-12, TCARBN, PC02, PCO2TMP, DELHE3, 
                    DELHER, HELIUM, HELIER, TRITUM, TRITER, NEON, and NEONER 
                    from 20000105WHPOSIOSRA bottle file into ODF bottle file 
                    revised July 5, 2001, to correct a minor ITS-90 calculation 
                    error.
                2.  Tritium header changed from TRITIUM to TR
                3.  C-14 data from:  /usr/export/html-
                    public/data/onetime/southern/s04/s04p/original/ 
                    2000.04.20_C14_HE_TR_KEY/S4P.C14 also merged into bottle 
                    file on being determined to be public data.
                4.  New ODF summary file, dated May 24, 2001, was used to 
                    make exchange file with new bottle file.
                5.  New ODF sea file has Station 694 Cast 3 containing CTD 
                    data only but new ODF summary has no 694 Cast 3.
                    Original ODF stacst has:
                     1  694 1250292  ROS67 0.4S 77 1.7W1319 3755CTD #1, 24 Bottles  12
                     1  694 2250292  TOW6659. S 77 2. W         Net Tow
                     1  694 3250292  ROS6655.8S 7711.8W2219     CTD #1, 300m for Biology only
                     1  695 1260292  ROS6659.9S 7818.8W0244 3906CTD #1, 24 Bottles  14 
                    Sta 694 Cast 3 not on WHPO web site. Cast 1 only. 
                    Deleted Cast 3 from new s04phy.txt. Notified ODF.

      08/13/01  Diggs        CTD/BTL/SUM/C14   Website Updated: Data Update
                14C was added and made public. ODF updated CTD files and 
                CTD values for bottle files have been added to the website. 
                Sumfile from ODF added to  website as well. All files re-
                linked and checked out. (as per D. Muus note below)
                08/13/01

                Steve,  Newly merged S04P files are in ~dave/SDIGGS/S04P. 
                Includes sea file, summary file, exchange file and notes 
                file.  wocecvt and Java Ocean Atlas successfully run on new 
                data files.
                 - Dave

      08/20/01  Uribe        Cruise Report     Website Updated: pdf version online
                PDF documentation for this cruise has been put online.

      12/26/01  Uribe        CTD               Website Updated: Exchange file online
                CTD has been converted to exchange using the new code and 
                put online.

      01/ 8/02  Hajrasuliha  CTD               Data Consistency Check completed
                created *check.txt file for the cruise. created *.ps files 
                for this cruise.

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      05/22/02  Anderson     DELC13            Website Updated: Data & new CSV file online
                Merged DELC13 data into online file s04phy.txt 
                (20010810WHPOSIODM). DELC13 data were  retrieved from Bob 
                Key's ftp site in May of 2001.
                Bottle file had a sta. 694 cast 3, but the sum file did not 
                have a cast 3 for sta. 694 (this was noted by Dave Muus 
                (2001/08/07). Dave deleted the cast from the bottle file 
                since it only contained CTD data. Subsequently a new bottle 
                file was put online (2001/08/13) which had the same problem. 
                Cannot create exchange format with this problem, so I 
                deleted sta. 694, cast 3. This problem needs to be resolved.  
                I created a new exchange file and put it online.

      05/26/03  Anderson     SUM/Nitrite       Nitrate values edited, SUM reformatted
                I have changed the three nitrite values for S04P station 
                  716, bottles 4, 5, and 6 to 0.01 per Jim's e-mail.  I also 
                  reformatted the .sum file.  Usual shifting, adding, deleting 
                  columns.  I did change the ExpoCode in the .sum file from 
                  90KDIOFFE6/1 to RUKDIOFFE6_1 to conform with what is used on 
                  the web site and in the .sea file (I assume this means we 
                  are using RU for Russia instead of 90 which was used for the 
                  Soviet Union).
                I have put the files on WHPO in 
                  /usr/export/ftp/pub/WHPO/S_ANDERSON/S04P.

      09/23/03  Warner       CFCs              DQE Summary report not found at WHPO
                I believe the CFC-12 section looks good when contoured. 
                The size of the unknown correction due to the poor 
                integration of CFC-12 on a tailing peak is relatively small 
                (I believe). It becomes a real problem when you try to 
                calculate rations for the lower CFC concentrations. You 
                could get away with presenting the section and somehow 
                noting the problem.
                I thought we had sent the documentation to WHPO. I better 
                double-check on that.

      11/12/03  Warner       CFCs              Final Data Submitted
                I ended up sending a tar of all the cruises for which we 
                did the DQE process. In general, the CFC PI agreed with our 
                evaluation and changed their QUALT1 flag to agree with our 
                suggested QUALT2 flag. Please feel free to ask questions. 
                (Fortunately, we had sent all of this data to Alex Orsi over 
                a year ago, so the atlas is made with this data.)
                  The file:  final_cfc_data.tar - 1618432 bytes
                  has been saved as:  
                    20031112.171702_WARNER_A21_final_cfc_data.tar
                  in the directory:  20031112.171702_WARNER_A21
                  The data disposition is:
                    Public  
                  The file format is:
                    Plain Text (ASCII) 
                  The archive type is:
                    NONE - Individual File 
                  The data type(s) is:
                    Other: Final DQE
                  The file contains these water sample identifiers:
                    WARNER, MARK would like the following action(s) taken on the data:
                      Merge Data
                      Update Parameters
                  Any additional notes are:
                    Miscommunication between myself and Dong-Ha Min have 
                    resulted in this delay. I will upload all of the data with 
                    its assigned (and agreed upon with the PI) QUALT2 (q2) and 
                    revised q1 characters.

                                                         S04P ð Data Processing Notes ð 1992 ð R/V Akademik Ioffe


      DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE         DATA STATUS SUMMARY
      --------  -----------  ----------------  ---------------------------------
      11/13/03  Anderson     CFCs              Website Updated: Data Online
                Mark Warner submitted a file with updated cfc data.  I 
                merged the CFC-11 and CFC-12 from file s04p_cfc_whpo_dat 
                into the online file.

                Online file only had QUALT1 flags.  Since the cfc file sent 
                by Warner had both Q1 and Q2 flags, I copied the Q1 flags to 
                the Q2 in the online file before I merged the CFCs. 
                File from Warner had Q flags of 1 for missing data.  I 
                changed them to 9.

      01/09/04  Talley       NUTs              Data Query: Nitrite on Sta 716 not correct
                  Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2004 17:27:12 -0800 (PST)
                  From: Lynne Talley <lynne@gyre.ucsd.edu>
                  To:   aorsi@tamu.edu, jswift@ucsd.edu, lynne@gyre.ucsd.edu, 
                        sarilee@minerva.ucsd.edu, sharon@gyre.ucsd.edu
                  Subject:  nitrites on s4p
                Nitrite on station 716, bottles 6, 5, 4 at 2818,3179, 3538 
                dbar can't possibly be right (> 2.5 where they should be 
                very close to zero).  I think I'm counting quality flags 
                right and don't see anything other than a 2 for the flags 
                for these 3 bottles.
                How do we go about resolving this?

      01/09/04  Talley       DELC13            Data Question: 1 decimal point accuracy?
                Bob and Sarilee - just checking - is it correct that 
                delc13 values on S4p have only one decimal point accuracy?

      01/12/04  Key          DELC13            Data Update: NOSAMS precision
                The 13C for S4P should have normal precision reported by 
                NOSAMS, i.e. not 1 decimal. I have attached the latest 
                version of that data as I received it from them (Dana 
                Stuart) on 8/9/99. These values need to be truncated.

      01/12/04  Anderson      NITRIT            Sta 716 error previously corrected
                Lynne Talley inquired about the DELC13 and 3 N02 values 
                  (see attached emails).     
                Bob Key sent a file with DELC13 and I remerged it with two 
                  decimal places instead of one.
                I changed the N02 for sta. 716, samples 6, 5, and 4, at 
                  2818.0, 3179.7, and 3538.7db to 0.01.  I had done this 
                  previously (see Data History 199/09/23).  The bad values 
                  were reintroduced when ODF resubmitted the data (2001/06/20) 
                  when they discovered a small error in their algorithm to 
                  convert ITS90 temp. calibration data to IPTS68. 

      08/01/05  Kappa        Cruise Report     Reformatted, expanded Data Processing Notes

      

                

