Cruise Report
Last Updated 2000.05.25

WOCE Designation:
I4-I5W-I7C

Expocode:
316N145_9

Chief Scientist: 
John Toole 

Master: 
Carl Swanson

Ship:
Knorr

Port of Call:
Louis, Mauritius - Durban, 
South Africa - Port Louis, Mauritius

Cruise Dates:
June 11 - July 11,  1995

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Overview:

     This leg of the Indian Ocean WHP study focussed on the southwest
region of this ocean, where the southward directed Agulhas Current is
born, and where dense waters that filter through fractures in the
Southwest Indian Ridge form a northward directed deep boundary current
east of Madagascar.  Both represent major circulation features of the
Indian Ocean; the Agulhas, one of the 3 or 4 largest currents on the
globe, being the western boundary current of the southern hemisphere
subtropical gyre, the DWBC being responsible for renewing the bottom
waters of the Madagascar, Mascarene and Somali Basins to the north.

     The I4-5W-7C cruise was planned in coordination with the preceding
and following legs of the expedition, in light of previous hydrographic
sampling in the region.  The I4 leg across the Mozambique Channel
extended the I3 section work (from Australia to Madagascar) to the
African shelf.  A meridional segment along Long. 54 30' between 33 30'
and 19 S joins a French section running south to the Antarctic
continent (I7S) to the U.S. line I7 beginning NW of Mauritius and
extending to the Arabian Peninsula.  Quasi-zonal section work along
approximately 32S across the Agulhas Current, a reoccupation of the
western end of a 1987 pre-WOCE section, was aligned with a British
moored current meter array that is midway in it's deployment.  Lastly,
together with the western segment of the I3 section west of Long.  54
30'E, our sampling program defined a closed box of hydrographic casts,
suitable for applying conservation statements to aid in deducing the
absolute circulation.

     A total of 134 full-water-column CTD/O2 stations were occupied on
the track shown in Figure 1.1, with water samples collected at up to 36
levels during the up-casts.  Samples were analyzed aboard for salinity,
dissolved oxygen, silica, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, CFC-11 and -12,
total carbon and alkalinity, and chlorophyll.  Samples were drawn (and
in some cases extracted) for shore-side analysis of 3 He, 3 H, 14 C and
barium.  A Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (LADCP) system
was mounted aboard the underwater package and returned full-depth
profiles of direct velocity measurements.  Five-minute vector averaged
upper ocean velocity data was acquired with a hull-mounted ADCP, and
intake temperature, salinity and surface meteorology was logged at
1-minute interval by the Knorr's underway system.  Lastly, due to the
efforts of Prof. W.Krauss (I.f.M. Kiel) and R.Peterson, a suite of 40
surface drifters was made available for deployment along our cruise
track.  These instruments were drogued at 100-m with a 'holey sock'
type drag element.

Figure 1.1.  Station positions and cruise track for Indian Ocean 
             WHP Leg I4-5W-7C

     The scientific party consisted of 27 technicians and scientists,
representing 10 laboratories and 4 countries.

Table 1.1.  Scientific party aboard Knorr cruise 145-9: WHP line
            I4-5W-7C with major responsibility and home institution.


          Emidio Andre           IIP             watch stander    
          Marie-Claude Beaupre   SIO/ODF         nutrient analyst
          Scot Birdwhistell      WHOI            tritium/shallow helium
          Steve Covey            UW              CFC analyst
          Frank Delahoyde        SIO/ODF         technician in charge
          Albert Fischer         MIT/WHOI        ADCP/LADCP
          Scott Hiller           SIO/ODF         electronics technician/salts
          Alistair Hobday        SIO/UCSD        watch stander
          Jules Hummon           SOEST/UH        ADCP/LADCP
          Rhonda Kelly           SIO/ODF         nutrient analyst
          Tonalee Key            Princeton       14 C, underway CO2
          Ernie Lewis            BNL             CO2
          Leonard Lopez          SIO/ODF         oxygen analyst
          Jean Maharavo          CNRO            watch stander
          Kevin Maillet          RSMAS/U.M.      CFC analyst  
          Joanna Muench          WHOI            watch stander
          David Muus             SIO/ODF         watch leader/bottle data
          Ron Patrick            SIO/ODF         oxygen analyst
          Ray Peterson           SIO             co-PI
          Linda Pikanowski       BNL/SHML        CO2
          Noasy Tovo 
          Razakafoniaino         CNRO            watch stander
          Michael Thatcher       WHOI            SSSG technician
          John Toole             WHOI            chief scientist
          Jim Wells              SIO/ODF         watch leader/salts
          Ralf Weppernig         LDEO            deep helium
          Rick Wilke             BNL             CO2
          Michelle Zotz          BNL             CO2


WHOI: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
SIO: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
ODF: Oceanographic Data Facility
IIP: Instituto de Investigacao Pesqueira, Mozambique
UW: University of Washington
MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
UCSD: University of California at San Diego
SOEST: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
UH: University of Hawaii
Princeton: Princeton University
BNL: Brookhaven National Laboratory
CNRO: Centre National de Recherches Oceanograpiques, Madagascar
RSMAS: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
UM: University of Miami
SHML: Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory

------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Cruise Summary:

     The I4-5W-7C leg was staged from Port Louis, Mauritius.  Little in
the way of cruise set-up in port was required since the same principal
technical groups that supported the preceding I3 leg would also man
ours (excepting the CFC analysis group).  Chief concern for the leg lay
with the state of the two conducting cables aboard, used to support the
CTD/rosette work.  One wire was very rusty and had a broken strand at
approximately 4000 m along its length.  However this cable had three
functional conductors.  (Normal SIO/ODF operations utilize all three:
two to power the CTD instrumentation and acquire data, one to
communicate and power the rosette.)  The second, newer, wire had only
two functional conductors (as reported by the I3 investigators.)
Provision had been made by the WHOI Port Office to ship a third wire
and drum to Durban, South Africa and for us to stop enroute between the
I4 and I5W legs and pick it up.  Operations began with the underwater
instrumentation mounted on the older wire.  A disappointment prior to
sailing was the failure of a P-Code key for the GPS receiver to
initiate full-accuracy positioning information.  The cruise began with
dithered navigation data as the chief source of navigation
information.

     The vessel departed on schedule at 0900 local on June 11 (GMT+4).
Our first work consisted of a station (574) at 20S 54 30'E, a (near)
reoccupation of a station from the previous leg (and site of one of the
last stations to be occupied on our leg.  Repeated stations were done
to document short-term variability.)  At the suggestion of the I3
investigators, a short section along 25S at the SW tip of Madagascar
was added to the sampling plan to investigate the meridional extent of
a curious thermocline velocity structure they observed at 20S.  The
vessel transited to 25S 50E, arriving June 13 0500Z, and we proceeded
to occupy a 10-station full-depth section into the Madagascar coast
(stations 575-584 with end station in 95 m of water).  Along the
section surface drifters and ALACE's were deployed.  From there we
transited around the southern end of the island to the start of the I4
line along 24 40'S.  Enroute, vessel testing in advance of an upcoming
U.S. Coast Guard inspection was carried out.  At the completion of this
activity, the vessel's bow thruster failed to stow correctly.  The unit
was retracted manually, but was deemed inoperable and not repairable at
sea.  Normal hydrographic station keeping does not require the bow
thruster.

     The I4 leg was commenced at 2025Z on June 15 with station 575 in
970 m of water within 1 nmi of the Madagascar beach.  Stations were
worked westward at maximum horizontal spacing of 30 nmi.  Headwinds
kicked up mid-way across the Channel making progress uncomfortable and
a bit slower than usual (9 knots versus 11).  During station 605 as the
underwater frame was held at the surface in preparation for the
lowering, a ship roll induced a major snap load on the sea cable.  On
recovery after the station a kink was discovered in the wire
approximately 10 m above the package.  The initial plan was to shift
operations to the other cable but it was found to have only one
functioning conductor.  (Somehow a conductor failed between when this
cable was used on I3 and our attempted use on I4 as it just sat on the
drum!)   After a retermination of the older wire, operations continued
without incident.  The I4 line was completed at 1800 on June 19 with a
station in 100 m of water 2 nmi from the Mozambique coast.  The I4 line
consists of stations 585 to 610; drifters and ALACE's were also
deployed along the section.

     The planned stop in Durban, South Africa was the next order of
business.   We arrived at the pilot station at 0800 local on June 21
and were secured dockside by 1100.  The replacement drum and wire was
installed in place of the cable with failed conductors by 1500.  The
ship's engineering staff, with the support of field engineers from
Lipps, worked to attempt repair of the bow thruster.  In the end they
were not successful but as noted above, this had no effect on
subsequent science operations.  After a night in Durban, the vessel
returned to sea at 0800 local on June 22, and proceeded south to the
start of the I5W line.  Just prior to sailing, a replacement GPS unit
arrived and was installed.  This unit reported full P-Code position
information.

     Enroute to station 611, the ship was diverted west of the rhumb
line to deploy surface drifters upstream of the I5W line.  The coastal
station site was reached at 1500 on June 22 whereupon station work was
resumed.  As noted above, this segment of the cruise reoccupied
stations collected in 1987.  A subset of these stations were also
occupied by the Baldridge (A.Ffield, chief scientist) in March of this
year.  The I5W WHP station line was shifted approximately 1 nmi
southwest of the 1987 section to avoid fouling current meter moorings
deployed by H.Bryden (Rennell Centre, Southampton) in an array across
the Agulhas Current.  During station 619 communication between the
underwater rosette pylon and the laboratory became intermittent.  In
this state triggering of water samples was impossible and the up-cast
was terminated.  This time the problem was ultimately narrowed to the
wiring harness connecting the underwater instrumentation to the sea
cable (i.e. not the cable itself).  Cast 2 (with full suite of water
samples on upcast) was run on the back-up wire while the new wire was
reterminated.  Operations then shifted back to the new wire for the
balance of the cruise.

     An extreme drop in bottom depth between stations 636 and 637 was
responsible for the chief scientist missing a wrap on the echo sounder
recording.  Station 637 was actually terminated approximately 750 m
above the bottom.  Cast 1 of station 638 was also short by this
distance.  When the error was discovered, the ship was directed back to
the site of station 638 whereupon cast 2 was taken to within 10 m of
the bottom.  Stations 637 and 638 were separated by less than 10 nmi,
the missed bottom data at 637 was deemed acceptable.

     Westerly winds 25 knots and higher built in during June 30 and in
the early evening of the 1st the strong cold front responsible passed
over the ship.  Sustained winds increased to over 30 knots with gusts
to 40-50 knots.  As the winds were behind the vessel on transits, time
between stations was not affected.  However, the large seas that built
forced slow winch operations to minimize shock loading the wire.
Conditions grew marginal, but operations were not halted as with time
the seas abated.  The southeasternmost station, 669, was completed on
July 2 shortly after the front passage, and the cruise track turned
northeast (as the wind veered southwest).  This marked the point where
the present cruise diverged from the 1987 section.

     The vessel track ran northeast to station 680 at 29 30'S 54 30'E,
and subsequently turned due north.  Given that no time had been lost to
weather on the cruise (the only delay being the 1 day in Durban), and
station times and transit speeds had been fast, it was decided to
increase station resolution across the Madagascar Basin.  The Baldridge
cruise in March documented two features warranting closer study: a
westward directed jet of bottom water presumably originating at the
Atlantic II Fracture Zone (Swallow and Pollard, Deep-Sea Res., 35,
1437-1440, 1988) and a subtropical convergence front; both around
29-24S.  Station spacing was reduced to 20 nmi between 29 and 23 S.

     Station 705 at 20S 54 30'E reoccupied station 574, the first
station of this cruise.  In order to facilitate linking the I7C section
with D.Olson's planned I7N stations, two additional stations were
occupied to the northeast.  Station 707 was completed at 1700 on June
10, and the vessel turned for Port Louis, Mauritius.  Arrival was as
scheduled on June 11 at 1000.  Due to the excellent weather, good
condition of the scientific and ship's equipment, and fast transit
times between stations, the contingency time allocated for the cruise
exceeded that needed (the 1 day in Durban).  A total of 20 stations
beyond that originally planned were occupied with the available time.


------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Reports of the individual scientific teams:

------------------------------------------------------------------------






                    World Ocean Circulation Experiment
                          Indian Ocean I4/I5W/I7C
                        R/V Knorr Voyage 145 Leg 9
                        11 June 1995 - 11 July 1995
               Port Louis, Mauritius - Port Louis, Mauritius
                           Expocode:  316N145/9

                    Chief Scientist:  Dr. John M. Toole
                   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution



                          I4/I5W/I7C Cruise Track

                     Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF)
                            Final Cruise Report
                               31 March 2000

                            Data Submitted by:
                        Oceanographic Data Facility
                    Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                          La Jolla, CA 92093-0214




DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

1.  Basic Hydrography Program

The basic hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and
nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements made from
bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts, plus pressure, temperature, salinity
and dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles.  136 CTD/rosette casts were made at
134 stations, usually to within 5-10 meters of the bottom.  Two CTD casts
are reported at stations 619 and 638.  Station 619 cast 1 was aborted at
~2700m on the down-cast because communication with the pylon was lost.  The
problem was narrowed down to the rosette harness, which was changed out
prior to station 619 cast 2.  The ocean bottom depth on the PDR was mis-
read prior to station 637 cast 1, so stations 637 and 638 cast 1 were 750m
shallower than intended.  The error was noticed while the ship was
transiting toward station 639, so the ship returned to station 638.
Station 638 cast 2 was then lowered to the correct maximum depth; station
637 was not repeated.

The ship departed from Port Louis, Mauritius on June 11, 1995.  Station 574
was completed ~4 miles east of I3 station 548.  Stations 575-584 were done
along 25 deg.S from 50 deg.E to the east coast of Madagascar.  Stations
585-610 (I4) were occupied along 24 deg.40 min.S, from the west coast of
Madagascar to the South African coast.  The ship was diverted to Durban,
S.Africa, for a 1-day port stop.  Various ship repairs were attempted and a
new drum/wire were picked up to replace the Port-winch cable, which had a
bad conductor.  Stations 611-669 (I5W) were along a line roughly eastward
from the South African coastline at ~31 deg.S, to 33 deg.30 min.S 50 deg.E.
Stations 670-679 ran in a northeasterly direction to link up with the I7C
line.  Stations 680-705 (I7C) were done along 54 deg.30 min.E from 29
deg.30 min.S to 20 deg.S, where station 705 was done at the same location
as station 574.  Stations 706-707 (also I7C) were done slightly
northeastward of the I7C line to link up with the upcoming I7N line at 55
deg.E.  The cruise returned to Port Louis on July 11, 1995.

4017 bottles were tripped resulting in 4010 usable bottles.  No
insurmountable problems were encountered during any phase of the operation.
The resulting data set met and in many cases exceeded WHP specifications.
The distribution of samples is illustrated in Figures 1.0 through 1.2.

        Figure 1.0 Transit-1 + I4 sample distribution, stas 575-610

             Figure 1.1 I5W sample distribution, stas 611-669

    Figure 1.2 Transit-2 + I7C sample distribution, stas 670-707 + 574

2.  Water Sampling Package

Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a rosette system
consisting of a 36-bottle rosette frame (ODF), a 36-place pylon (General
Oceanics 1016) and 36 10-liter PVC bottles (ODF).  Underwater electronic
components consisted of an ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and
associated sensors, SeaTech transmissometer (TAMU), RDI LADCP (UofH),
Benthos altimeter and Benthos pinger.  The CTD was mounted horizontally
along the bottom of the rosette frame, with the transmissometer, a
SensorMedics dissolved oxygen sensor and an FSI secondary PRT sensor
deployed next to the CTD.  The LADCP was vertically mounted to the frame
inside the bottle rings.  The altimeter provided distance-above-bottom in
the CTD data stream.  The pinger was monitored during a cast with a
precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's laboratory.  The rosette
system was suspended from a three-conductor 0.322" electro-mechanical
cable.  Power to the CTD and pylon was provided through the cable from the
ship.  Separate conductors were used for the CTD and pylon signals.  The
transmissometer, dissolved oxygen, secondary temperature and altimeter were
interfaced with the CTD, and their data were incorporated into the CTD data
stream.  Deep Sea Reversing Thermometers (DSRTs) were used occasionally on
this leg to monitor for CTD pressure or temperature drift.

The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to each
cast.  All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation.
The bottles were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked.  Time,
position and bottom depth were logged by the console operator at arrival on
station.  The rosette was deployed from the starboard side of the main
deck.  Each rosette cast was lowered to within 5-10 meters of the bottom,
unless the bottom returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely
poor.  Stations 637 and 638, casts 1, were lowered to a little more than
750m off the bottom due to an error in reading the PDR output from a steep
underway section.

Bottles on the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number.
Usually these numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36,
where the first (deepest) bottle tripped was bottle #1.  There were three
stations where the bottles were tripped in a special sequence for freon
blank checks.  The trip sequences, deepest to shallowest, for these
stations were bottles 18-36, then 1-17, at station 691; and bottles 30-36,
then 1-29, at stations 692 and 693.

Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were
associated with the bottle data during a cast.  Pressure, depth,
temperature, salinity and density were immediately available to facilitate
examination and quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and
laboratory analyses progressed.

Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse
of the launching with the additional use of air-tuggers for added
stabilization.  The rosette was moved into the starboard-side (forward)
hangar for sampling.  The bottles and rosette were examined before samples
were taken, and any extraordinary situations or circumstances were noted on
the sample log for the cast.

Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and CTD O2
sensors in distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability.  The
rosette was stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was
not exposed to direct sunlight or wind in order to maintain the internal
CTD temperature near ambient air temperature.

Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis.  O-rings were changed
as necessary and bottle maintenance was performed each day to insure proper
closure and sealing.  Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or
replaced as needed.

The transmissometer windows were cleaned prior to deployment approximately
every 20 casts.  The air readings were noted in the TAMU transmissometer
log book after each cleaning.  Transmissometer data were monitored for
potential problems during every cast.

The R/V Knorr's starboard CTD winch was used during stations 574 through
610.  A broken armor strand at about 4000m on this wire was inspected on
up-casts deeper than 4000 meters, and re-taped as needed.

New CTD wire had been installed on the port winch at the start of the I3
leg, but it developed a short in one conductor during I3.  An attempt was
made to use it after station 605, while the starboard wire was being
reterminated, but a short had developed in another conductor in the port
wire.  A new drum/wire were installed on the port winch during the Durban
port stop.

The new port wire was used for the rest of the leg with one exception.  A
communication problem with the pylon caused station 619 cast 1 to be
aborted.  After two attempts to restart the cast, it was assumed the wire
needed reterminating.  The rosette was switched to the starboard wire, and
another cast attempt failed.  The problem was narrowed down to the rosette
harness, and the 5th attempt at station 619 was successful (called cast 2).
The rosette was switched back to the port wire after this cast.

After the last I4/I5W/I7C cast (station 707), the broken-strand starboard
wire was paid out to 3800m, then rinsed off during recovery.  Approximately
1500m of wire were cut off, and this drum/wire were replaced with new wire
during the leg-end port stop in Port Louis.  The old starboard wire was
stowed in the hold as a spare.

3.  Underwater Electronics Packages

CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1).  This
instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2
channels, and additionally measured a second temperature (FSI temperature
module/OTM) as a calibration check.  Other data channels included elapsed-
time, altimeter, several power supply voltages and transmissometer.  The
instrument supplied a 15-byte NBIS-format data stream at a data rate of 25
Hz.  Modifications to the instrument included revised pressure and
dissolved O2 sensor mountings; ODF-designed sensor interfaces for O2, FSI
PRT and transmissometer; implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer
channels; an elapsed-time channel; instrument ID in the polarity byte and
power supply voltages channels.

Table 3.0 summarizes the winches and serial numbers of instruments and
sensors used during I4/I5W/I7C.


+--------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
|              |   ODF   |   SensorMedics     |     SeaTech        |          |
| Station(s)   |  CTD+   |      Oxygen        | Transmissometer    | Winch*   |
|              |   ID#   |     Sensor**       |      (TAMU)        |          |
+--------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
|   574-610    |         |                    |                    |  Stbd.   |
+--------------+         |                    |                    +----------+
|  611-619/1   |         | 3-3-10 or 4-05-16  |                    |  Port    |
+--------------+         | (A)                |                    +----------+
|    619/2     |         |                    |                    |  Stbd.   |
+--------------+    1    |                    |       151D         +----------+
|   620-669    |         |                    |                    |          |
+--------------+         +--------------------+                    |          |
|   670-697    |         |    4-05-18 (B)     |                    |  Port    |
+--------------+         +--------------------+                    |          |
|   698-707    |         | 3-3-10 or 4-05-16  |                    |          |
|              |         | (A)                |                    |          |
+--------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
|*NOTE: New wire was installed on Port winch in Durban, between stas 610/611. |
|          New wire was installed on Stbd. winch after last cast,             |
|          at end-leg portstop.                                               |
|**NOTE: Records say 3-3-10 was the first/last oxygen sensor used during I4,  |
|          but 4-05-16 replaced it early in I3 leg and was on rosette at end  |
|          of I3.  3-3-10 was working well when it was replaced during I3,    |
|          so it could indeed be that sensor.                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

                    + ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers:
+----------+-----------------------+-------------------------+--------------+
|  NBIS    |       Pressure        |       Temperature       | Conductivity |
| MKIIIB   |      Paine Model      |    PRT1     |   PRT2    |              |
|   CTD    |     211-35-440-05     |  Rosemount  |    FSI    |  NBIS Model  |
|(ODF-ID#) | strain gage/0-8850psi | Model 171BJ |    OTM    | 09035-00151  |
+----------+-----------------------+-------------+-----------+--------------+
|    1     |        131910         |    14304    | OTM/1322T |  5902-F117   |
+----------+-----------------------+-------------+-----------+--------------+

           Table 3.0 I4/I5W/I7C Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers


The CTD pressure sensor mounting had been modified to reduce the dynamic
thermal effects on pressure. The sensor was attached to a section of coiled
stainless-steel tubing that was connected to the end-cap pressure port. The
transducer was also insulated.  The NBIS temperature compensation circuit
on the pressure interface was disabled; all thermal response
characteristics were modeled and corrected in software.

The O2 sensor was deployed in a pressure-compensated holder assembly
mounted separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by an
underwater cable. The O2 sensor interface was designed and built by ODF
using an off-the-shelf 12-bit A/D converter. The transmissometer interface
was a similar design.

Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6 inches of
the CTD conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate
coherent salinities.  It was used as a secondary temperature calibration
reference rather than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating
the need for mercury or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks.

The General Oceanics (GO) 1016 36-place pylon was used in conjunction with
an ODF-built deck unit and external power supply instead of a GO pylon deck
unit.  This combination provided generally reliable operation and positive
confirmation.  The pylon emitted a confirmation message containing its
current notion of bottle trip position, which could be useful in sorting
out mis-trips.  The acquisition software averaged CTD data corresponding to
the rosette trip as soon as the trip was initiated until the trip
confirmed, typically 3+/-0.5 seconds on I4/I5W/I7C.

There were 6 random bad trip confirmations during I4/I5W/I7C; 3 of these
were noticed in a timely manner by the console operator.  One trip level
was redone using the next bottle in line, resulting in the original bottle
being open at the surface.  The pylon was re-positioned for the other two
levels, and both bottles were re-tripped successfully at or near their
intended nominal depths.  The other 3 bad trip confirmations resulted in
open bottles at the end of the cast.  Bad confirmations and their effects
on bottle trips are documented in Appendix D.

4.  Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition

Navigation data were acquired from the ship's Magnavox MX GPS receiver via
RS-232.  A replacement Trimble GPS unit, which reported full P-code
position information, was installed during the Durban port stop, between
stations 610 and 611.  Data were logged automatically at one-minute
intervals by one of the Sun SPARCstations.  Underway bathymetry was logged
manually from the 12 kHz Raytheon PDR at five-minute intervals, then
corrected according to Carter [Cart80] and merged with the navigation data
to provide a time-series of underway position, course, speed and bathymetry
data.  These data were used for all station positions, PDR depths and
bathymetry on vertical sections.

5.  CTD Data Acquisition, Processing and Control System

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system consisted of a Sun
SPARCstation LX computer workstation, ODF-built CTD and pylon deck units,
CTD and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for real-time analog
backup recording of the sea-cable signal.  The Sun system consisted of a
color display with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 RS-232
ports, 2.5 GB disk and 8mm cartridge tape.  Two other Sun SPARCstation LX
systems were networked to the data acquisition system, as well as to the
rest of the networked computers aboard the Knorr.  These systems were
available for real-time CTD data display and provided for hydrographic data
management and backup.  Two HP 1200C color inkjet printers provided
hardcopy capability from any of the workstations.

The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C
binary data stream by the CTD deck unit.  This data stream was fed to the
Sun SPARCstation.  The pylon deck unit was connected to the Sun LX through
a bi-directional 300 baud serial line, allowing bottle trips to be
initiated and confirmed by the data acquisition software.  A bitmapped
color display provided interactive graphical display and control of the CTD
rosette sampling system, including real-time raw and processed CTD data,
navigation, winch and rosette trip displays.

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the
console watch a few minutes before each deployment.  A console operations
log was maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every
attempt to trip a bottle as well as any pertinent comments.  Most CTD
console control functions, including starting the data acquisition, were
initiated by pointing and clicking a trackball cursor on the display at
icons representing functions to perform.  The system then presented the
operator with short dialog prompts with automatically-generated choices
that could either be accepted as defaults or overridden.  The operator was
instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power supplies, then to examine a
real-time CTD data display on the screen for stable voltages from the
underwater unit.  Once this was accomplished, the data acquisition and
processing were begun and a time and position were automatically logged for
the beginning of the cast.  A backup analog recording of the CTD signal on
a VCR tape was started at the same time as the data acquisition.  A rosette
trip display and pylon control window popped up, giving visual confirmation
that the pylon was initializing properly.  Various plots and displays were
initiated.  When all was ready, the console operator informed the deck
watch by radio.

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console
operator that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the
computer displays), the console operator or watch leader provided the winch
operator with a target depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally
60 meters/minute for this package.  The package then began its descent,
building up to the maximum rate during the first few hundred meters, then
optimally continuing at a steady rate without any stops during the down-
cast.

The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via
interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other
workstations on the network.  Additionally, the operator decided where to
trip bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log.  The PDR was
monitored to insure the bottom depth was known at all times.

The deck watch leader assisted the console operator by monitoring the
rosette's distance to the bottom using the difference between the rosette's
pinger signal and its bottom reflection displayed on the PDR.  Around 200
meters above the bottom, depending on bottom conditions, the altimeter
typically began signaling a bottom return on the console.  The winch speed
was usually slowed to ~30 meters/minute during the final approach.  The
winch and altimeter displays allowed the watch leader to refine the target
depth relayed to the winch operator and safely approach to within 5-10
meters of the bottom.

Bottles were closed on the up-cast by pointing the console trackball cursor
at a graphic firing control and clicking a button.  The data acquisition
system responded with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation
message in a window.  A bad or suspicious confirmation signal typically
resulted in the console operator repositioning the pylon trip arm via
software, then re-tripping the bottle, until a good confirmation was
received.  All tripping attempts were noted on the console log.  The
console operator then instructed the winch operator to bring the rosette up
to the next bottle depth.  The console operator was also responsible for
generating the sample log for the cast.

After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck
watch to bring the rosette on deck.  Once the rosette was on deck, the
console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD,
pylon and VCR recording.  The VCR tape was filed.  Usually the console
operator also brought the sample log to the rosette room and served as the
sample cop.

6.  CTD Data Processing

ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the
Unix operating system.  The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used
either in real-time or with existing raw data sets to:

o   Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign
    the data to logical channels
o   Filter various channels according to specified filtering
    criteria
o   Apply sensor- or instrument-specific response-correction models
o   Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the
    output time-series interval
o   Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format


Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be
manipulated in various ways.  Channels can be additionally filtered.  The
time-series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to
form longer time-series.  A time-series can be transformed into a pressure-
series, or into a larger-interval time-series.  The pressure calibration
corrections are applied during reduction of the data to time-series.
Temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections to the series are
maintained in separate files and are applied whenever the data are
accessed.

ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real-
time, providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and
reporting during a cast.  The 25 Hz data from the CTD were filtered,
response-corrected and averaged to a 2 Hz (0.5-second) time-series.  Sensor
correction and calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature,
conductivity and O2.  Rosette trip data were extracted from this time-
series in response to trip initiation and confirmation signals.  The
calibrated 2 Hz time-series data, as well as the 25 Hz raw data, were
stored on disk and were available in real-time for reporting and graphical
display.  At the end of the cast, various consistency and calibration
checks were performed, and a 2.0-db pressure-series of the down-cast was
generated and subsequently used for reports and plots.

CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were
checked daily for potential problems.  The two PRT temperature sensors were
inter-calibrated and checked for sensor drift.  The CTD conductivity sensor
was monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities, and
by deep theta-salinity comparisons between down- and up-casts as well as
adjacent stations.  The CTD O2 sensor was calibrated to check-sample data.

A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate
artifacts.  Some casts were subject to noise in the data stream caused by
sea cable or slip-ring problems, or by moisture in the interconnect cables
between the CTD and external sensors (i.e. O2).  Intermittent noisy data
were filtered out of the 2 Hz data using a spike-removal filter.  A least-
squares polynomial of specified order was fit to fixed-length segments of
data.  Points exceeding a specified multiple of the residual standard
deviation were replaced by the polynomial value.

Density inversions can be induced in high-gradient regions by ship-
generated vertical motion of the rosette.  Detailed examination of the raw
data shows significant mixing occurring in these areas because of "ship
roll".  In order to minimize density inversions, a ship-roll filter was
applied to all casts during pressure-sequencing to disallow pressure
reversals.

The first few seconds of in-water data were excluded from the pressure-
series data, since the sensors were still adjusting to the going-in-water
transition.  However, some casts exhibited up to a 0.03 sigma theta drop
during the top 10 db of the water column.  A time-series data check
verified these density features were probably real: the data were
consistent over many frames of data at the same pressures.  Appendix C
details the magnitude of the larger density drops for the casts affected.

Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by
double-quadratic interpolation/extrapolation.  The only pressure intervals
missing/filled during this leg were at 0-2 db, caused by chopping off
going-in-water transition data during pressure-sequencing.

When the down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up-
cast data are used instead.  CTD data from down- and up-casts are not mixed
together in the pressure-series data because they do not represent
identical water columns (due to ship movement, wire angles, etc.).  The up-
cast was used for station 625 cast 1 because of excessive 0.02 mS/cm
conductivity drops over 8-46 db sections at shallow through deep pressures
on the down-cast, probably caused by sensor fouling.  The up-cast had some
dropout problems of shorter duration that were easily filtered.

There is an inherent problem in the internal digitizing circuitry of the
NBIS Mark III CTD when the sign bit for temperature flips.  Raw temperature
can shift 1-2 millidegrees as values cross between positive and negative, a
problem avoided by offsetting the raw PRT readings by ~1.5 deg.C.  The
conductivity channel also can shift by 0.001-0.002 mS/cm as raw data values
change between 32767/32768, where all the bits flip at once.  This is
typically not a problem in shallow to intermediate depths because such a
small shift becomes negligible in higher gradient areas.

Raw CTD conductivity traversed 32767/32768 at ~1300+/-350 db (~3.85+/-0.3
deg.C theta) during I4/I5W/I7C casts.  There is no apparent salinity shift
seen during this leg because the +0.001 PSU effect typical of the
digitizing problem is lost in the higher gradients at these depths vs
deeper water.

Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention.
I4/I5W/I7C CTD-related comments, problems and solutions are documented in
detail.

7.  CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure and temperature sensors
were used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data
acquisition and processing software at sea.  These laboratory calibrations
were also performed post-cruise.

Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF
Calibration Facility in La Jolla.  The pre-cruise calibrations were done in
December 1994, before five consecutive ODF WOCE legs in the Indian Ocean,
and the post-cruise calibrations were done in September 1995.

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled
water bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference.
Calibration data were measured pre-/post-cruise at -1.42/+0.01 deg.C to a
maximum loading pressure of 6080 db, and 30.41/31.24 deg.C to 1400/1190 db.
Figures 7.0 and 7.1 summarize the CTD #1 laboratory pressure calibrations
performed in December 1994 and September 1995.

      Figure 7.0 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

      Figure 7.1 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.



Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the
pressure transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects.  These results
were combined with the static temperature calibrations to optimally correct
the CTD pressure.

CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge
and Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath.  The primary
and secondary CTD temperatures were offset by ~1.5 and ~2 deg.C to avoid
the 0-point discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry.
Standard and PRT temperatures were measured at 9 or more different bath
temperatures between -1.5 and 31.3 deg.C, both pre- and post-cruise.
Figures 7.2 and 7.3 summarize the laboratory calibrations performed on the
CTD #1 primary PRT during December 1994 and September 1995.

Figure 7.2 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

Figure 7.3 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.


These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90
standard.  Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during
processing in order to calculate other parameters, including salinity and
density, which are currently defined in terms of that standard only.  Final
calibrated CTD temperatures were reported using the ITS-90 standard.

8.  CTD Calibration Procedures

This cruise was the fourth of five consecutive Indian Ocean WOCE legs using
ODF CTD #1 exclusively.  A redundant PRT sensor was used as a temperature
calibration check while at sea.  CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were
calibrated to in-situ check samples collected during each rosette cast.

Final pressure, temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections were
determined during post-cruise processing.

8.1.  CTD #1 Pressure

The pressure sensor was checked for shifts during the Mauritius port stop
prior to I4/I5W/I7C.  A Paroscientific DigiQuartz secondary pressure
reference was used as a pressure calibration transfer standard.  No shifts
in the CTD pressure calibration from the pre-cruise laboratory calibration
were noted during this check.

There was a pre- to post-cruise (5 legs over 7.5 months) shift of -2.4 db
at shallow and deep pressures in the cold-bath laboratory calibrations for
pressure.  The warm-bath pressure correction shifted by -1.8 db.  Half of
the closure between warm/cold calibrations can be accounted for by
different temperatures of the pre-/post-cruise calibrations.  There were no
significant slope differences between pre- and post-cruise pressure
calibrations.

In order to determine when the pressure shift occurred, start-of-cast out-
of-water pressure and temperature data from the 5 consecutive ODF legs were
compared with similar data from the pre- and post-cruise laboratory
calibrations for temperature.  The pressure data from the I4/I5W/I7C leg
shifted ~0.8 db compared to pre-cruise laboratory data at all temperatures.

A -0.8 db offset was applied to the entire pre-cruise pressure calibration.
These revised calibration data, plus the dynamic thermal-response
correction, were applied to I4/I5W/I7C CTD #1 pressures.

Down-cast surface pressures were automatically adjusted to 0 db as the CTD
entered the water; any difference between this value and the calibration
value was automatically adjusted during the top 50 decibars.  Residual
pressure offsets at the end of each up-cast (the difference between the
last corrected pressure in-water and 0 db) averaged 0.75 db, thus
indicating no problems with the final pressure corrections.  Figure 8.1.0
shows the offset pre-cruise laboratory calibration used to correct
I4/I5W/I7C CTD #1 pressure data.

Figure 8.1.0 I4/I5W/I7C Pressure correction for ODF CTD #1: December 1994
                      calibration offset by -0.8 db.


The entire 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for
the pressure sensor on CTD #1 was less than half the magnitude of the WOCE
accuracy specification of 3 db.  I4/I5W/I7C CTD pressures should be well
within the desired standards.

8.2.  CTD #1 Temperature

An FSI PRT sensor (PRT2) was deployed as a second temperature channel and
compared with the primary PRT channel (PRT1) on all casts to monitor for
drift.  The response times of the primary and secondary PRT sensors were
matched, then preliminary corrected temperatures were compared for a series
of standard depths from each CTD down-cast.

The FSI PRT used during the last half of I9N was deployed as the secondary
PRT throughout the next 3 legs, including I4/I5W/I7C.  The differences
between the CTD #1 primary PRT and the FSI PRT drifted slowly during I9N,
then stabilized at about -0.01 deg.C by the end of that first leg.  The
non-zero difference was attributed to drift in the FSI PRT sensor, since a
stable conductivity correction indicated no shift in the primary PRT.
There was no appreciable drift noted in the PRT1-PRT2 differences during
I4/I5W/I7C or either of the two previous legs; the differences remained
stable, within 0.001 deg.C of the differences observed at the end of I9N.
Figure 8.2.0 summarizes the comparison between the primary and secondary
PRT temperatures.

Figure 8.2.0 I4/I5W/I7C Shipboard comparison of CTD #1 primary/secondary
                   PRT temperatures, pressure > 2000 db.


The primary temperature sensor laboratory calibrations indicated a -0.001
deg.C shift at 0 deg.C, a -0.0006 deg.C shift at mid-range temperatures,
and a -0.0014 deg.C shift at 32 deg.C from pre- to post-cruise.  The pre-
and post-cruise temperature calibrations were equally weighted and combined
to generate an average temperature correction, which was applied to all CTD
casts done during the 5 legs between calibrations.  Figure 8.2.1 summarizes
the average of the pre-/post-cruise laboratory temperature calibrations for
CTD #1.

Figure 8.2.1 WOCE95 Primary temperature correction for ODF CTD #1,
                 Dec.94/Sept.95 equally weighted average.


The 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the
primary temperature sensor on CTD #1 was about half the magnitude of the
WOCE accuracy standard of 0.002 deg.C.  Since an average of the two
calibrations was applied to the data, I4/I5W/I7C CTD temperatures should be
well within the WOCE accuracy specifications.

The secondary FSI temperature sensors either failed or drifted during I9N,
the first leg of the 5 consecutive ODF legs, far more than the primary
sensor drifted during the 10 months between laboratory calibrations.  The
FSI PRT sensors seemed to monitor their own drift better than that of the
primary temperature sensor mounted permanently on CTD #1.  Any comparison
of their pre- and post-cruise calibrations was deemed pointless.



8.3.  CTD #1 Conductivity

The corrected CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the
bottle salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity.  Differences between
the bottle and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity
correction.  This correction is normally linear for the 3-cm conductivity
cell used in the Mark III CTD.

Due to small shifting in CTD conductivity, probably caused by organic
matter, the conductivity sensor was swabbed with distilled water prior to
I9N/station 269, then remained stable through the next two legs and the
start of I4/I5W/I7C.  Beginning with station 597, there were problems with
intermittent small-scale shifts between casts, up to -0.002-3 mS/cm in the
CTD conductivity signal.  The problem increased to a continuous -0.005-6
mS/cm shift during station 624, from about 2400 db on the down-cast until
the surface up-cast.  During station 625, the shifting was intermittent:
-0.020 mS/cm in multiple 8-46 db segments on the down-cast, and many 2-5 db
segments on the up-cast.  It is assumed the shifting was again caused by
organic contamination of the sensor, and that the sensor was cleaned after
station 625.  The shifting problems seemed to be resolved for subsequent
casts, and the conductivity offset stabilized near the start-leg value for
the last 80 casts of I4/I5W/I7C.

Conductivity differences above and below the thermocline were fit to CTD
conductivity for all 5 legs together to determine the conductivity slope.
The conductivity slope gradually increased from stations 148 (I9N) to 800
(I7N), after which the conductivity sensor was soaked in an RBS cleaning
solution and then swabbed with distilled water.  Figure 8.3.0 shows the
individual preliminary conductivity slopes for stations 148-800.

Figure 8.3.0 CTD #1 prelim. conductivity slopes for WOCE95 stations
                        148(I9N) through 800(I7N).


The conductivity slopes for stations 148-800 were fit to station number,
with outlying values (4,2 standard deviations) rejected.  Conductivity
slopes were calculated from the first-order fit and applied to each
I4/I5W/I7C cast.

Once the conductivity slopes were applied, residual CTD conductivity offset
values were calculated for each cast using bottle conductivities deeper
than 1400 db.  Figure 8.3.1 illustrates the I4/I5W/I7C preliminary
conductivity offset residual values.

Figure 8.3.1 I4/I5W/I7C CTD #1 preliminary conductivity offsets by station number.


Casts were grouped together based on drift and/or known CTD conductivity
shifts to determine average offsets.  This also smoothed the effect of any
cast-to-cast bottle salinity variation, typically on the order of +/-0.001
PSU.  20 casts were omitted from the groups because they were shallower
than 1400 db, or had too few bottles deeper than 1400 db to calculate a
usable offset.  7 other casts were omitted because of known CTD shifts or
bottle salinity problems.  Smoothed offsets were applied to each cast, then
some offsets were manually adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in
the conductivity transducer response or bottle salinities, or to maintain
deep theta-salinity consistency from cast to cast.  There was no apparent
effect on conductivity offsets caused by CTD idle time during pre- or mid-
cruise port stops or transits between WOCE lines.

After applying the conductivity slopes and offsets to each cast, it was
determined that surface salinity differences were ~0.008 PSU high compared
to intermediate and deep differences.  After the offset adjustments were
made, a mean second-order conductivity correction was calculated for
stations 148-800.  Figure 8.3.2 shows the residual conductivity differences
used for determining this correction.

Figure 8.3.2 CTD #1 residual non-linear conductivity slope (WOCE95 stations
                             148 through 800).

A 4,2-standard deviation rejection of the second-order fit was performed on
these differences, then the remaining values were fit to conductivity.
This non-linear correction, added to the linear corrections for each cast,
effectively pulled in surface differences while having minimal effect on
differences below the thermocline/halocline.

The final I4/I5W/I7C conductivity slopes, a combination of the linear
coefficients from the preliminary and second-order fits, are summarized in
Figure 8.3.3.  Figure 8.3.4 summarizes the final combined conductivity
offsets by station number.

Figure 8.3.3 I4/I5W/I7C CTD #1 conductivity slope corrections by station number.

  Figure 8.3.4 I4/I5W/I7C CTD #1 conductivity offsets by station number.


I4/I5W/I7C temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are also
tabulated in Appendix A.

Summary of Residual Salinity Differences

Figures 8.3.5, 8.3.6 and 8.3.7 summarize the I4/I5W/I7C residual
differences between bottle and CTD salinities after applying the
conductivity corrections.  Only CTD and bottle salinities with (final)
quality code 2 were used to generate these figures.

Figure 8.3.5 I4/I5W/I7C Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction).

Figure 8.3.6 I4/I5W/I7C Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).

Figure 8.3.7 I4/I5W/I7C Deep salinity residual differences vs station #
                            (after correction).


The CTD conductivity calibration represents a best estimate of the
conductivity field throughout the water column.  3-sigma from the mean
residual in Figures 8.3.6 and 8.3.7, or +/-0.0056 PSU for all salinities
and +/-0.0014 PSU for deep salinities, represents the limit of
repeatability of the bottle salinities (Autosal, rosette, operators and
samplers).  This limit agrees with station overlays of deep theta-salinity.
Within most casts (a single salinometer run), the precision of bottle
salinities appears to be better than 0.001 PSU.  The precision of the CTD
salinities appears to be better than 0.0005 PSU.

Final calibrated CTD data from WOCE95 I3 and I7N legs were compared with
I4/I5W/I7C data.  Deep theta-salinity comparisons for I4/I5W/I7C stations
574 and 705 (two casts done at the same position) and I3 station 548
(within 4 nautical miles (nm) of the two other casts) showed excellent
agreement, less than 0.001 PSU difference.  I7C stations 706-707 and I7N
station 709, casts ~30 nm apart along the same track line, were compared
for theta-salinity continuity; they also agreed well.

GEOSECS station 426 was compared with I7C station 707, casts taken 7 nm
(and 17.5 years) apart.  The GEOSECS data were +0.002 to +0.003 PSU
compared to I7W data, the same difference seen on multiple casts comparing
GEOSECS to data from 3 previous WOCE Indian Ocean legs.  The average
difference becomes close to 0 when corrections are applied for Standard
Seawater batch differences for GEOSECS (P-63) [Mant87] and WOCE95 (P-126)
[Culk98].

8.4.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen

An oxygen sensor also used on I3, during either the first 11 casts or the
last 117 casts, was used for most of I4/I5W/I7C.  This first sensor (A) was
switched out for a new sensor (B) for stations 670-697, during which there
were extensive problems with CTD O2 cut-outs, noise and offsets.  Within
one second after the sensor entered the water, the raw CTD O2 values
dropped dramatically, then rose slowly to "normal" values during the top
~100 db.  After the first few casts, the raw values dropped to 0 and stayed
there longer each cast before rising slowly to "normal" values.  The raw
CTD O2 values rose sharply within a second or two after exiting the water
at the end of each cast, often pegging-out at the maximum reading (4512)
before dropping again to "normal" values.  The cut-out problems, signal
noise and apparent problems with sensor response in deeper water increased
with each successive use of this replacement sensor.  The sensor was
finally put out of its misery after station 697: the original oxygen sensor
(A) was re-installed prior to station 698, and was used for the remainder
of the I3 leg.

There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the
SensorMedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being
a secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity.
Stopping the rosette for as little as half a minute, or slowing down for a
bottom approach, can cause shifts in the CTD O2 profile as oxygen becomes
depleted in water near the sensor.  Such shifts could usually be corrected
by offsetting the raw oxygen data from the stop or slow-down area until
some time after the sensor has been moving again, occasionally until the
bottom of the cast.  Unusually aggressive attempts were made to improve the
drop-out areas for station 670-697, mentioned in the above paragraph,
because various lags cause surface data to have a strong impact on the fit
for the entire cast.  All offset sections, winch stops or slow-downs that
affected CTD oxygen data are documented in Appendix C.

Because of these same stop/slow-down problems, up-cast CTD O2 data cannot
be optimally calibrated to O2 check samples.  Instead, down-cast CTD O2
data are derived by matching the up-cast rosette trips along isopycnal
surfaces.  When down-casts were deemed to be unusable (see Appendix C), up-
cast CTD O2 data were processed despite the signal drop-offs typically seen
at bottle stops.  The differences between CTD O2 data modeled from these
derived values and check samples are then minimized using a non-linear
least-squares fitting procedure.

Figures 8.4.0 and 8.4.1 show the residual differences between the corrected
CTD O2 and the bottle O2 (ml/l) for each station.  The standard deviations
for stations 670-697 differences were nearly 30% larger for all bottles,
and nearly 3 times larger for deep bottles, compared to the other
I4/I5W/I7C casts.  After quality codes have been applied to the worst CTD
O2 sections for stations 670-697, the differences are comparable to the
rest of the cruise.

Figure 8.4.0 I4/I5W/I7C O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

Figure 8.4.1 I4/I5W/I7C Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

The standard deviations of 0.066 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.025 ml/l for
deep oxygens are only intended as indicators of how well the CTD and bottle
O2 values match up.  ODF makes no claims regarding the precision or
accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data.

The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and
Morrison [Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85].  ODF does not use a
digitized O2 sensor temperature to model the secondary thermal response but
instead models membrane and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the
PRT temperature.  In-situ pressure and temperature are filtered to match
the sensor response.  Time-constants for the pressure response Taup, and
two temperature responses TauTs and TauTf are fitting parameters.  The Oc
gradient, dOc/dt, is approximated by low-pass filtering 1st-order Oc
differences.  This gradient term attempts to correct for reduction of
species other than O2 at the cathode.  The time-constant for this filter,
Tauog, is a fitting parameter.  Oxygen partial-pressure is then calculated:

     Opp=[c1*Oc+c2]*fsat(S,T,P)*e**(c3*Pl+c4*Tf+c5*Ts+c6*dOc/dt)    (8.4.0)

where:

Opp           = Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm);
Oc            = Sensor current (uamps);
fsat(S,T,P)   = O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm);
S             = Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs);
T             = Temperature at O2 response-time (deg.C);
P             = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars);
Pl            = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars);
Tf            = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
Ts            = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
dOc/dt        = Sensor current gradient (uamps/secs).


I4/I5W/I7C CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6) are tabulated in
Appendix B.



9.  Bottle Sampling

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the
bottles in the following order:


     o   CFCs;
     o   3He;
     o   O2;
     o   Total CO2;
     o   Alkalinity;
     o   AMS 14C;
     o   Tritium;
     o   Nutrients;
     o   Salinity;
     o   Barium;
     o   Chlorophyll.



The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for
the cast.  This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions
noted about the rosette and bottles.  One member of the sampling team was
designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this
log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve and then the air
vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped.  This
observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught
in lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining
sample integrity were routinely noted on the sample log.

Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature
from the bottle.  The temperature was noted on the sample log and was
sometimes useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.

Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were
distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis.  Oxygen,
nutrients and salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC)
analytical equipment networked to Sun SPARCstations for centralized data
analysis.  The analysts for each specific property were responsible for
insuring that their results were updated into the cruise database.

10.  Bottle Data Processing

Bottle data processing began with sample drawing, and continued until the
data were considered to be final.  One of the most important pieces of
information, the sample log sheet, was filled out during the drawing of the
many different samples.  It was useful both as a sample inventory and as a
guide for the technicians in carrying out their analyses.  Any problems
observed with the rosette before or during the sample drawing were noted on
this form, including indications of bottle leaks, out-of-order drawing,
etc.  Oxygen draw temperatures recorded on this form were at times the
first indicator of rosette bottle-tripping problems. Additional clues
regarding bottle tripping or leak problems were found by individual
analysts as the samples were analyzed and the resulting data were processed
and checked by those personnel.

The next stage of processing was accomplished after the individual
parameter files were merged into a common station file, along with CTD-
derived parameters (pressure, temperature, conductivity, etc.).  The
rosette cast and bottle numbers were the primary identification for all
ODF-analyzed samples taken from the bottle, and were used to merge the
analytical results with the CTD data associated with the bottle.  At this
stage, bottle tripping problems were usually resolved, sometimes resulting
in changes to the pressure, temperature and other CTD properties associated
with the bottle.  All CTD information from each bottle trip (confirmed or
not) was retained in a file, so resolving bottle tripping problems
consisted of correlating CTD trip data with the rosette bottles.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or
bottle data processors were entered into a computer file associated with
each station (the "quality" file) as part of the quality control procedure.

Sample data from bottles suspected of leaking were checked to see if the
properties were consistent with the profile for the cast, with adjacent
stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data.  Various property-
property plots and vertical sections were examined for both consistency
within a cast and consistency with adjacent stations by data processors,
who advised analysts of possible errors or irregularities.  The analysts
reviewed and sometimes revised their data as additional calibration or
diagnostic results became available.

Based on the outcome of investigations of the various comments in the
quality files, WHP water sample codes were selected to indicate the
reliability of the individual parameters affected by the comments.  WHP
bottle codes were assigned where evidence showed the entire bottle was
affected, as in the case of a leak, or a bottle trip at other than the
intended depth.

WHP water bottle quality codes were assigned as defined in the WOCE
Operations Manual [Joyc94] with the following additional interpretations:
     |
   2 | No problems noted.
   3 | Leaking.  An air leak large enough to produce an
     | observable effect on a sample is identified by a code of
     | 3 on the bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen.  (Small
     | air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only
     | affect gas samples.)
   4 | Did not trip correctly.  Bottles tripped at other than
     | the intended depth were assigned a code of 4.  There may
     | be no problems with the associated water sample data.
   5 | Not reported.  No water sample data reported.  This is a
     | representative level derived from the CTD data for
     | reporting purposes.  The sample number should be in the
     | range of 80-99.
   9 | The samples were not drawn from this bottle.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:
     |
   1 | The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water
     | bottle, but the results of the analysis were not (yet)
     | received.
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | station profile or adjacent station comparisons (or
     | possibly CTD data comparisons).  No notes from the
     | analyst indicated a problem.  The data could be
     | acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The data did not fit the station
     | profile, adjacent stations or CTD data.  There were
     | analytical notes indicating a problem, but data values
     | were reported.  Sampling and analytical errors were also
     | coded as 4.
   5 | Not reported.  There should always be a reason
     | associated with a code of 5, usually that the sample was
     | lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
   9 | The sample for this measurement was not drawn.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity)
parameter as follows:
     |
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | bottle data, or there was a CTD conductivity calibration
     | shift during the up-cast.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD up-cast data were determined
     | to be unusable for calculating a salinity.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2)
parameter as follows:
     |
   1 | Not calibrated.  Data are uncalibrated.
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD data were determined to be
     | unusable for calculating a dissolved oxygen
     | concentration.
   5 | Not reported.  The CTD data could not be reported,
     | typically when CTD salinity is coded 3 or 4.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.
   9 | Not sampled.  No operational CTD O2 sensor was present
     | on this cast.


Note that CTDOXY values were derived from the down-cast pressure-series CTD
data except station 625, where the up-cast was processed because of
conductivity problems on the down-cast.  CTD data were matched to the up-
cast bottle data along isopycnal surfaces.  If the CTD salinity was
footnoted as bad or questionable, the CTD O2 was not reported.

Table 10.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each
WHP sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property:



+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                      Rosette Samples Stations 574-707                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|            Reported                     WHP Quality Codes                   |
|             Levels        1       2       3       4       5       7       9 |
+----------++---------+-------------------------------------------------------+
|Bottle    ||  4017   |     0    4002       6       2       0       0       7 |
|CTD Salt  ||  4017   |     0    3974       5       2       0      36       0 |
|CTD Oxy   ||  4010   |     0    3638     303      69       7       0       0 |
|Salinity  ||  4000   |     0    3844     139      17       1       0      16 |
|Oxygen    ||  3997   |     0    3945      44       8       7       0      13 |
|Silicate  ||  3998   |     0    3910      22      66       0       0      19 |
|Nitrate   ||  3998   |     0    3984       8       6       0       0      19 |
|Nitrite   ||  3998   |     0    3988       4       6       0       0      19 |
|Phosphate ||  3996   |     0    3937      53       6       2       0      19 |
+----------++---------+-------------------------------------------------------+
   Table 10.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments for I4/I5W/I7C.


Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are
presented in Appendix D.


11.  Pressure and Temperatures

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the
rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at
the time the bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data
based on CTD laboratory calibrations.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of
1990.

12.  Salinity Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometers were available for measuring
salinities.  The salinometers were modified by ODF and contained interfaces
for computer-aided measurement.  Autosal #55-654 was used to measure
salinity on all stations.  The water bath temperature was set and
maintained at 21 deg.C.  Autosal #57-396 was set at 24 deg.C as a backup
unit but was not used on this expedition.

The salinity analyses were performed when samples had equilibrated to
laboratory temperature, usually within 7-24 hours after collection.  The
salinometer was standardized for each group of analyses (typically one
cast, usually 36 samples) using at least one fresh vial of standard
seawater per cast.  A computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control
functions such as changing sample, flushing, or switching to "read" mode.
At the correct time, the computer acquired conductivity ratio measurements,
and logged results.  The sample conductivity was redetermined until
readings met software criteria for consistency.  Measurements were then
averaged for a final result.

There was one run of 180 samples (5 casts) over 6 hours with standards only
at the beginning and end of the run.  There were six other runs of 62-107
samples (2-3 casts) with 1.5-5 hours between standards.  The drifts between
the two standards of each long run was minimal, and there do not appear to
be any data problems resulting from these longer runs.

Sampling and Data Processing

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate
bottles, which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling.  The
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene
screw caps.  This assembly provides very low container dissolution and
sample evaporation.  Prior to collecting each sample, inserts were
inspected for proper fit and loose inserts were replaced to insure an
airtight seal.  The draw time and equilibration time were logged for all
casts.  Laboratory temperatures were logged at the beginning and end of
each run.

PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was calculated for each sample from the measured
conductivity ratios.  The difference (if any) between the initial vial of
standard water and one run at the end as an unknown was applied linearly to
the data to account for any drift.  The data were added to the cruise
database.  4000 salinity measurements were made and 280 vials of standard
water were used.  The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is
usually better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard seawater
batch used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was good, with the
lab temperature generally 1-2 deg.C lower than the Autosal bath
temperature.

Standards

IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-126 was used to standardize the
salinometers.

13.  Oxygen Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the
absorption of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light.  The titration of the
samples and the data logging were controlled by PC software.  Thiosulfate
was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.
ODF used a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique
of Carpenter [Carp65] with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but
with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately
0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/l).  Standard solutions prepared
from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals were run at the beginning of
each session of analyses, which typically included from 1 to 3 stations.
Several standards were made up during the cruise and compared to assure
that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a
weighing or dilution error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks were
determined, to account for presence of oxidizing or reducing materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette
sampler was brought on board, and after samples for CFC and helium were
drawn.  Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125ml volume-calibrated iodine
flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation, then filled and allowed to
overflow for at least 2 flask volumes.  The sample draw temperature was
measured with a small platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the
drawing tube.  Reagents were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering.
The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough dispersion of the
precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then again after about 20
minutes.  The samples were analyzed within 2-18 hours of collection,
usually within 10 hours, and then the data were merged into the cruise
database.

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and
corrected to 20 deg.C.  The 20 deg.C normalities and the blanks were
plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems.  New
thiosulfate normalities were recalculated after the blanks had been
smoothed as a function of time, if warranted.  These normalities were then
smoothed, and the oxygen data were recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram using the in-situ temperature.  Ideally, for whole-bottle
titrations, the conversion temperature should be the temperature of the
water issuing from the bottle spigot.  The sample temperatures were
measured at the time the samples were drawn from the bottle, but were not
used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram because the software for this calculation was not available.
Aberrant drawing temperatures provided an additional flag indicating that a
bottle may not have tripped properly.

3997 oxygen measurements were made, with no major problems with the
analyses.  A problem with UV lamp output appeared to be temperature-related
and resulted in reduced lamp life but did not otherwise affect the data.
No other major problems were encountered with the analyses.  The
temperature stability of the laboratory used for the analyses was poor,
varying from 22 to 28 deg.C over short time scales.  Portable fans were
used to assist in maintaining some temperature stability.  Titration
temperatures were recorded and titer volumes adjusted to 20 deg.C as noted
earlier.

Volumetric Calibration

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed
deionized water to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory.
This is done once before using flasks for the first time and periodically
thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected.  The volumetric flasks
used in preparing standards were volume-calibrated by the same method, as
was the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense standard iodate solution.

Standards

Potassium iodate standards, nominally 0.44 gram, were pre-weighed in ODF's
chemistry laboratory to +/-0.0001 grams.  The exact normality was
calculated at sea after the volumetric flask volume and dilution
temperature were known.  Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey
Chemical Co.  and was reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.  All
other reagents were "reagent grade" and were tested for levels of oxidizing
and reducing impurities prior to use.

14.  Nutrient Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed
on an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within a
few hours after sample collection.  Occasionally samples were refrigerated
up to 4 hours at 2-6 deg.C.  All samples were brought to room temperature
prior to analysis.

The methods used are described by Gordon et al. [Gord92].  The analog
outputs from each of the four channels were digitized and logged
automatically by computer (PC) at 2-second intervals.

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67].  An
acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to
produce silicomolybdic acid which was then reduced to silicomolybdous acid
(a blue compound) following the addition of stannous chloride.  Tartaric
acid was also added to impede PO4 color development.  The sample was passed
through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 660nm.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] procedure was used for the
analysis of nitrate and nitrite.  For the nitrate analysis, the seawater
sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where nitrate was
quantitatively reduced to nitrite.  Sulfanilamide was introduced to the
sample stream followed by N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride
which coupled to form a red azo dye.  The stream was then passed through a
15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 540nm.  The same technique was
employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column was bypassed, and
a 50mm flowcell was used for measurement.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms
[Bern67] technique.  An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to
the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to
phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of
dihydrazine sulfate.  The reaction product was heated to ~55 deg.C to
enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and the
absorbance measured at 820m.

Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml polypropylene, screw-capped "oak-
ridge type" centrifuge tubes.  The tubes were cleaned with 10% HCl and
rinsed with sample twice before filling.  Standardizations were performed
at the beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically one cast,
usually 36 samples) with an intermediate concentration mixed nutrient
standard prepared prior to each run from a secondary standard in a low-
nutrient seawater matrix.  The secondary standards were prepared aboard
ship by dilution from primary standard solutions.  Dry standards were pre-
weighed at the laboratory at ODF, and transported to the vessel for
dilution to the primary standard.  Sets of 6-7 different standard
concentrations were analyzed periodically to determine any deviation from
linearity as a function of concentration for each nutrient analysis.  A
correction for non-linearity was applied to the final nutrient
concentrations when necessary.

After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file was processed
to produce another file of response factors, baseline values, and
absorbances.  Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for
accuracy against values taken from a strip chart recording.  The data were
then added to the cruise database.

3998 nutrient samples were analyzed.  No major problems were encountered
with the measurements. The pump tubing was changed twice, and deep seawater
was run as a substandard check.  The temperature stability of the
laboratory used for the analyses was poor, varying from 22 to 28 deg.C over
short time scales. Portable fans were used to assist in maintaining some
temperature stability.  Temperature effects on the data during the course
of analysis were minimized as standards were run before and after the
samples from each station.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm
pressure (0 db), in-situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of
25 deg.C.

Standards

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Johnson Matthey
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be >98%
pure.  Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate
(KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier
reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.

Comparisons with reoccupied stations

Station 705 was a reoccupation of Station 574 as well as I3 Station 548.
Overlays of these stations showed substantial variability in shallow to
intermediate depths between stations. Overlays of the deep (0-2 deg theta)
samples for all nutrients compared well, with the exception of Station 574
deep silicates. These silicate values have been coded questionable as they
are higher for no apparent reason, and no other parameters show this
increase.  For stations 702-707, initial (shipboard) silicates were higher
than adjacent stations by ~3%. A problem with silicate standards was found
to be the most likely cause.  The silicate data for these stations
(702-707) were increased by 3% to correct the data based upon deep
calibration standards that were run with each station.





References

Arms67.
     Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The
     measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means
     of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea
     Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967).

Bern67.
     Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low
     level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the
     AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).

Brow78.
     Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity,
     temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23,
     Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978).

Carp65.
     Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the
     Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp.
     141-143 (1965).

Cart80.
     Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction
     Tables (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service,
     Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8
     5UB. U.K. (1980).

Culb91.
     Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and
     Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of
     dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Office (Aug 1991).

Culk98.
     Culkin, F. and Ridout, P. S., "Stability of IAPSO Standard Seawater,"
     Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 15, pp. 1072-1075
     (1998).

Gord92.
     Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A
     suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater
     Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean
     Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr.
     Chem Oc. (1992).

Joyc94.
     Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91,
     pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA
     (May 1994, Rev. 2). UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT.

Mant87.
     Mantyla, A. W., "Standard Seawater Comparisons Updated," Journal of
     Physical Oceanography, 17.4, p. 547 (1987).

Mill82.
     Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques
     at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference
     and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982).

Owen85.
     Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen
     calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985).

UNES81.
     UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical
     Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.
     37, p. 144 (1981).










                                Appendix A

 WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C:  CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary

           PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response      corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time(secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

574/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81662e-03  0.01289
575/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81634e-03  0.01289
576/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81607e-03  0.01289
577/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81579e-03  0.01289
578/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81551e-03  0.01289
579/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81523e-03  0.01289
580/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81496e-03  0.01289
581/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81468e-03  0.01289
582/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81440e-03  0.01289
583/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81413e-03  0.01289

584/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81385e-03  0.01289
585/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81357e-03  0.01289
586/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81329e-03  0.01289
587/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81302e-03  0.01289
588/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81274e-03  0.01289
589/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81246e-03  0.01289
590/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81218e-03  0.01289
591/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81191e-03  0.01189
592/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81163e-03  0.01289
593/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81135e-03  0.01289

594/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81107e-03  0.01289
595/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81080e-03  0.01289
596/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81052e-03  0.01289
597/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.81024e-03  0.01819
598/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80997e-03  0.01758
599/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80969e-03  0.01596
600/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80941e-03  0.01585
601/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80913e-03  0.01573
602/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80886e-03  0.01561
603/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80858e-03  0.01550

604/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80830e-03  0.01538
605/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80802e-03  0.01527
606/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80775e-03  0.01515
607/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80747e-03  0.01504
608/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80719e-03  0.01492
609/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80691e-03  0.01481
610/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80664e-03  0.01469
611/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80636e-03  0.01458
612/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80608e-03  0.01446
613/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80581e-03  0.01435

614/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80553e-03  0.01423
615/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80525e-03  0.01411
616/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80497e-03  0.01400
617/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80470e-03  0.01388
618/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80442e-03  0.01377
619/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80414e-03  0.01465
619/02     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80414e-03  0.01365
620/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80386e-03  0.01354
621/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80359e-03  0.01342
622/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80331e-03  0.01331

623/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80303e-03  0.01319
624/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80275e-03  0.01308
625/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80248e-03  0.01596
626/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80220e-03  0.01384
627/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80192e-03  0.01273
628/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80164e-03  0.01261
629/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80137e-03  0.01259
630/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80109e-03  0.01260
631/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80081e-03  0.01262
632/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80054e-03  0.01263







           PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response      corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time(secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

633/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.80026e-03  0.01265
634/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79998e-03  0.01266
635/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79970e-03  0.01268
636/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79943e-03  0.01269
637/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79915e-03  0.01271
638/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79887e-03  0.01272
638/02     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79887e-03  0.01272
639/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79859e-03  0.01274
640/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79832e-03  0.01275
641/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79804e-03  0.01277

642/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79776e-03  0.01279
643/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79748e-03  0.01280
644/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79721e-03  0.01282
645/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79693e-03  0.01283
646/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79665e-03  0.01285
647/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79638e-03  0.01286
648/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79610e-03  0.01288
649/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79582e-03  0.01289
650/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79554e-03  0.01291
651/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79527e-03  0.01292

652/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79499e-03  0.01294
653/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79471e-03  0.01295
654/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79443e-03  0.01297
655/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79416e-03  0.01298
656/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79388e-03  0.01300
657/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79360e-03  0.01301
658/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79332e-03  0.01303
659/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79305e-03  0.01304
660/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79277e-03  0.01306
661/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79249e-03  0.01308

662/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79221e-03  0.01309
663/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79194e-03  0.01311
664/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79166e-03  0.01312
665/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79138e-03  0.01314
666/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79111e-03  0.01315
667/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79083e-03  0.01317
668/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79055e-03  0.01318
669/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79027e-03  0.01320
670/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.79000e-03  0.01321
671/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78972e-03  0.01323

672/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78944e-03  0.01324
673/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78916e-03  0.01326
674/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78889e-03  0.01327
675/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78861e-03  0.01329
676/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78833e-03  0.01330
677/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78805e-03  0.01332
678/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78778e-03  0.01334
679/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78750e-03  0.01334
680/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78722e-03  0.01330
681/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78695e-03  0.01327

682/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78667e-03  0.01373
683/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78639e-03  0.01369
684/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78611e-03  0.01366
685/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78584e-03  0.01362
686/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78556e-03  0.01359
687/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78528e-03  0.01355
688/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78500e-03  0.01352
689/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78473e-03  0.01348
690/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78445e-03  0.01345
691/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78417e-03  0.01341

692/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78389e-03  0.01338
693/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78362e-03  0.01334
694/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78334e-03  0.01330







           PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response      corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time(secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

695/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78306e-03  0.01327
696/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78279e-03  0.01323
697/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78251e-03  0.01320
698/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78223e-03  0.01316
699/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78195e-03  0.01313
700/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78168e-03  0.01309
701/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78140e-03  0.01306

702/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78112e-03  0.01302
703/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78084e-03  0.01299
704/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78057e-03  0.01295
705/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78029e-03  0.01291
706/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.78001e-03  0.01288
707/01     .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.77973e-03  0.01284






                                Appendix B

          Summary of WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C CTD Oxygen Time Constants

           +--------------------------+----------+-------------+
           |       Temperature        | Pressure | O2 Gradient |
           |Fast(TauTf) | Slow(TauTs) |  (Taup)  |   (Tauog)   |
           +------------+-------------+----------+-------------+
           |    1.0     |    400.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
           +------------+-------------+----------+-------------+


    WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
                         (refer to Equation 8.4.0)
           >> additionally, see NOTE at the end of Appendix B <<

 Sta/     OcSlope        Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

574/01   1.07774e-03  -4.26607e-03   1.53945e-04   4.35581e-03  -3.40207e-02  -3.00433e-06
575/01   1.05960e-03   6.42435e-03   1.49501e-04   6.55602e-03  -3.44418e-02   8.58855e-06
576/01   1.19659e-03  -3.49196e-02   1.52621e-04   7.51564e-03  -3.97631e-02   6.98744e-06
577/01   1.03527e-03   1.44423e-02   1.49819e-04   1.16385e-02  -3.60497e-02   4.04932e-06
578/01   1.00115e-03   2.74098e-02   1.46129e-04   8.22697e-03  -3.13928e-02   2.56964e-06
579/01   1.08643e-03  -7.39503e-03   1.53790e-04   1.42057e-02  -3.87115e-02   8.31345e-06
580/01   1.06088e-03   3.85118e-03   1.51197e-04   1.09440e-02  -3.51551e-02   4.87343e-06
581/01   1.04553e-03   1.23988e-02   1.48626e-04   4.83574e-03  -3.05511e-02   1.28267e-05
582/01   9.85305e-04   4.13746e-02   1.34109e-04   8.84951e-03  -3.03086e-02   6.22680e-06
583/01   3.60987e-03   3.92258e-01  -9.01872e-04  -7.23814e-04  -7.45113e-02   2.17387e-06

584/01   1.87109e-04   3.92683e-01  -5.22798e-05   1.80963e-02  -6.36160e-03   1.06383e-05
585/01   1.79461e-03   4.06976e-02  -2.03951e-04   1.84145e-03  -5.27549e-02  -3.20290e-06
586/01   1.05497e-03   1.20560e-02   1.45011e-04   1.06532e-02  -3.56850e-02   3.38618e-06
587/01   1.01827e-03   1.44675e-02   1.57051e-04   6.36007e-03  -3.05885e-02   5.07146e-06
588/01   9.84172e-04   2.07739e-02   1.57705e-04   1.11378e-02  -3.24911e-02   5.56961e-06
589/01   9.88848e-04   2.63043e-02   1.54192e-04   6.36104e-03  -2.96757e-02   3.76685e-06
590/01   1.03670e-03   1.58448e-02   1.50761e-04   5.19070e-04  -2.94760e-02   9.97747e-07
591/01   1.01370e-03   3.66608e-02   1.42364e-04   3.65346e-03  -3.05671e-02   7.72076e-06
592/01   1.08055e-03   1.15845e-02   1.43850e-04   6.58926e-03  -3.49954e-02   1.60103e-06
593/01   1.02412e-03   3.66744e-02   1.38947e-04   6.34646e-03  -3.35545e-02   3.99250e-06

594/01   1.02036e-03   4.07592e-02   1.37368e-04   5.27338e-03  -3.36033e-02   1.53031e-07
595/01   9.82799e-04   5.00826e-02   1.40139e-04   7.56918e-03  -3.30963e-02  -1.64499e-06
596/01   1.02718e-03   2.97451e-02   1.42264e-04   9.74911e-03  -3.49878e-02  -4.38900e-06
597/01   1.02131e-03   1.82723e-02   1.52472e-04   2.49858e-03  -2.93907e-02   4.49472e-06
598/01   1.05621e-03   1.70162e-02   1.44376e-04   1.31389e-02  -3.87292e-02   1.71597e-06
599/01   1.04555e-03   1.65905e-02   1.47044e-04   3.54806e-03  -3.14464e-02  -3.25403e-06
600/01   1.09411e-03   1.28005e-03   1.44133e-04   1.20216e-02  -3.91469e-02   1.40303e-06
601/01   1.01951e-03   2.30132e-02   1.48803e-04   6.61417e-03  -3.16673e-02   5.72222e-06
602/01   9.81725e-04   2.05430e-02   1.64517e-04   7.13756e-03  -3.00803e-02   4.67921e-06
603/01   1.12341e-03   2.31673e-04   1.26784e-04   4.62365e-03  -3.36588e-02   5.80516e-06

604/01   1.01879e-03   1.87463e-02   1.51372e-04   7.22131e-04  -2.70946e-02   4.89508e-06
605/01   1.13493e-03  -5.45403e-03   1.32529e-04   6.80830e-03  -3.60986e-02   3.41436e-06
606/01   1.92686e-03   2.47607e-01  -3.91726e-04  -1.57866e-02  -5.21424e-02  -2.61775e-06
607/01   1.83199e-03   1.10837e-01  -3.36274e-04  -4.29114e-03  -4.82396e-02   4.44219e-06
608/01   9.65969e-04   4.66189e-01  -3.52807e-04   1.11429e-03  -3.55884e-02   1.83852e-07
609/01   1.82969e-03  -3.90706e-01  -6.30626e-04  -3.11075e-02  -1.63224e-02  -4.14044e-06
610/01  -3.94182e-03   7.50751e+01  -1.51669e-04   9.28653e-02  -2.75470e-01   1.11688e-06
611/01   4.98760e-03   6.71512e+01  -4.30882e-04   6.66644e-02  -2.66837e-01  -1.00130e-06
612/01   1.03547e-03   4.61979e-01  -4.55060e-04  -2.66347e-03  -3.74158e-02  -4.34934e-06
613/01   4.75874e-04   6.83628e-02   4.37184e-04  -9.79597e-04   4.22970e-03   2.33917e-06

614/01   9.55374e-04   2.33067e-02   1.76915e-04   1.05863e-03  -2.52190e-02   6.03833e-06
615/01   1.30330e-03  -3.31601e-02   9.32117e-05   8.05820e-03  -4.34899e-02   4.03850e-06
616/01   9.99557e-04   3.31272e-02   1.44485e-04   2.20600e-03  -2.85377e-02  -1.52478e-06
617/01   1.03099e-03   5.31256e-02   1.20999e-04   1.41418e-02  -3.98974e-02   6.13754e-06
618/01   1.00019e-03   5.39593e-02   1.30566e-04   5.21505e-03  -3.23856e-02   8.89849e-06
619/01   1.11402e-03  -1.71772e-03   1.37028e-04   6.12956e-03  -3.65168e-02   2.46310e-06
619/02   1.09587e-03   7.36309e-03   1.35303e-04   3.49012e-03  -3.49397e-02   8.24358e-06
620/01   1.00275e-03   4.05560e-02   1.38224e-04   7.61480e-03  -3.39341e-02   5.22641e-06
621/01   1.07111e-03   2.02167e-02   1.34215e-04   9.37146e-03  -3.79142e-02   6.62090e-06
622/01   1.02040e-03   4.58274e-02   1.31532e-04   1.06371e-02  -3.66673e-02   9.78044e-06







 Sta/     OcSlope        Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

623/01   1.06870e-03   1.21213e-02   1.44471e-04   6.41315e-03  -3.57194e-02   5.51898e-06
624/01   1.01301e-03   3.83584e-02   1.38643e-04   7.50002e-03  -3.56696e-02   4.26736e-06
625/01   1.33013e-03  -6.29816e-02   1.28509e-04  -3.18340e-02  -6.61196e-03  -1.24550e-06
626/01   1.04472e-03   2.50583e-02   1.38953e-04   1.13842e-02  -3.88418e-02   4.54493e-06
627/01   1.11122e-03   2.16783e-02   1.22416e-04   1.72699e-02  -4.52313e-02   7.03989e-06
628/01   1.74468e-03  -9.52163e-02   2.93808e-05   1.96709e-02  -6.83997e-02   8.36341e-06
629/01   2.15010e-03   1.72093e-01  -2.72036e-04   1.83046e-05  -6.35579e-02   1.21010e-06
630/01   1.69852e-03   7.65276e-02  -1.25423e-04  -1.41886e-03  -5.18894e-02   3.42050e-06
631/01   2.28373e-03  -2.28172e-01  -9.52207e-05  -3.34522e-03  -6.11240e-02  -1.83496e-06
632/01   9.54843e-04   1.94263e-01  -2.54797e-05  -8.21844e-03  -2.16331e-02   7.01874e-07

633/01   1.56139e-03   3.70748e-02  -4.14310e-05   7.98083e-03  -5.55980e-02   8.29218e-07
634/01   3.94580e-03  -5.93652e-01  -1.53339e-04   3.64662e-02  -1.21101e-01  -7.76925e-07
635/01   1.81392e-03  -1.13531e-01   2.39484e-05   2.23283e-02  -7.17671e-02   5.35853e-06
636/01   1.32668e-03  -1.36719e-02   8.18890e-05   1.59093e-02  -5.30646e-02  -5.44099e-06
637/01   9.59426e-04   6.38271e-02   1.33321e-04   1.24409e-02  -3.60033e-02   4.98530e-06
638/01   9.50919e-04   6.58713e-02   1.32403e-04   1.14409e-02  -3.50681e-02  -3.36601e-03
638/02   9.56530e-04   7.80338e-02   1.23748e-04   1.12315e-02  -3.56542e-02   1.09885e-05
639/01   1.04320e-03   2.52952e-02   1.40622e-04   6.21451e-03  -3.53283e-02   3.04204e-06
640/01   1.00148e-03   5.82274e-02   1.27117e-04   1.04033e-02  -3.66884e-02   2.11902e-06
641/01   1.05440e-03   1.83870e-02   1.42925e-04   1.08835e-02  -3.86705e-02   8.50993e-06

642/01   1.03749e-03   1.60932e-02   1.47873e-04   1.12946e-02  -3.81780e-02  -2.00813e-07
643/01   1.00048e-03   4.27507e-02   1.37637e-04   1.20439e-02  -3.76819e-02   1.59521e-06
644/01   1.00624e-03   4.85052e-02   1.33297e-04   9.00722e-03  -3.57159e-02   1.06581e-05
645/01   1.04801e-03   2.20436e-02   1.42023e-04   1.13548e-02  -3.83954e-02   4.02403e-06
646/01   1.02330e-03   3.64706e-02   1.37836e-04   6.64961e-03  -3.49299e-02  -4.23685e-06
647/01   9.76003e-04   6.37736e-02   1.29432e-04   9.31256e-03  -3.47213e-02   7.96156e-07
648/01   9.94300e-04   6.43027e-02   1.25662e-04   1.56189e-02  -4.13242e-02   7.25048e-06
649/01   9.93448e-04   5.74798e-02   1.30624e-04   1.23833e-02  -3.82083e-02   5.69208e-06
650/01   9.79934e-04   6.68390e-02   1.27531e-04   1.33284e-02  -3.93932e-02   4.10778e-06
651/01   9.37710e-04   7.76155e-02   1.29066e-04   9.74912e-03  -3.41025e-02   5.73575e-06

652/01   1.09040e-03   1.75203e-02   1.37171e-04   4.20404e-03  -3.61652e-02  -1.93357e-06
653/01   7.14084e-04   1.32563e-01   1.47289e-04   4.05906e-03  -1.71706e-02   4.03981e-06
654/01   1.24744e-03   3.88045e-03   9.05094e-05   9.47467e-03  -4.69683e-02  -6.01766e-06
655/01   1.50026e-03   1.26529e-01  -1.13272e-04  -1.04022e-02  -4.02903e-02  -5.74014e-06
656/01   8.90372e-04   7.65913e-02   1.83732e-04   8.19779e-03  -3.28136e-02  -2.71402e-06
657/01   9.36008e-04   8.49884e-02   1.29315e-04  -1.21543e-03  -2.66726e-02  -8.10695e-07
658/01   1.87777e-03  -5.85195e-02  -1.14223e-04  -1.66134e-02  -4.52914e-02   3.97718e-07
659/01   9.56837e-04   1.12100e-02   1.78004e-04  -3.20518e-03  -2.39895e-02  -8.15257e-08
660/01   8.29284e-04   1.27265e-01   9.96201e-05  -9.02714e-03  -1.48927e-02  -1.09412e-06
661/01   9.27582e-04   5.84253e-02   1.44686e-04  -5.40439e-03  -2.25216e-02  -2.31779e-06

662/01   9.20453e-04   6.52191e-02   1.42561e-04  -2.30557e-03  -2.45354e-02  -8.89595e-06
663/01   9.80224e-04   5.27852e-02   1.36320e-04  -1.29483e-03  -2.78544e-02  -4.44421e-06
664/01   9.74345e-04   4.76618e-02   1.41459e-04  -1.71617e-03  -2.70522e-02  -3.05812e-06
665/01   1.02868e-03   3.54211e-02   1.35877e-04  -3.05621e-03  -2.92064e-02  -4.59003e-06
666/01   9.60976e-04   5.58690e-02   1.35600e-04  -2.92093e-03  -2.55131e-02   3.32596e-06
667/01   9.59295e-04   5.71419e-02   1.34537e-04   3.81305e-03  -2.97449e-02   6.89174e-06
668/01   8.46336e-04   1.02034e-01   1.25732e-04   7.34139e-03  -2.64827e-02   9.29377e-06
669/01   8.68790e-04   1.00594e-01   1.21951e-04   1.28199e-03  -2.41467e-02   3.03921e-05
670/01   8.33439e-04   4.63026e-02   1.37788e-04  -1.79140e-03  -2.51988e-02  -1.87750e-04
671/01   7.23775e-04   1.12982e-01   1.18656e-04   4.02840e-03  -2.38585e-02  -2.24179e-03

672/01   6.03974e-04   1.79742e-01   1.02825e-04   9.72739e-03  -2.11347e-02  -1.43153e-03
673/01   5.58200e-04   1.88926e-01   1.08705e-04   7.19718e-03  -1.48618e-02  -2.40977e-03
674/01   6.11174e-04   1.77537e-01   1.01233e-04   6.31921e-03  -1.93108e-02  -1.40206e-03
675/01   8.56054e-04   5.25890e-02   1.31288e-04  -8.91420e-04  -2.59137e-02   1.83662e-05
676/01   7.53912e-04   1.05790e-01   1.18948e-04   6.17905e-03  -2.64106e-02  -1.06495e-03
677/01   1.04392e-03  -4.67413e-02   1.79182e-04   1.99494e-02  -5.20233e-02  -9.97028e-04
678/01   7.03189e-04   9.00987e-02   1.52088e-04   2.43536e-03  -2.07706e-02  -4.12289e-03
679/01   8.76839e-04   4.15725e-02   1.50807e-04   1.11445e-02  -3.64605e-02  -5.58709e-07
680/01   8.44374e-04   5.33049e-02   1.30037e-04   8.03752e-03  -3.21694e-02   3.72503e-05
681/01   7.02807e-04   1.28167e-01   1.37612e-04   7.99378e-03  -2.32808e-02   6.01040e-05

682/01   5.98965e-04   1.38718e-01   1.44709e-04   3.79490e-03  -1.36950e-02   6.95610e-05
683/01   7.31619e-04   1.02092e-01   1.21470e-04   6.85026e-03  -2.51722e-02  -2.66348e-03
684/01   7.44615e-04   1.28278e-01   1.54842e-04   7.69465e-03  -2.76981e-02  -2.38704e-03
685/01   5.88665e-04   1.43812e-01   1.72007e-04   1.83691e-03  -1.10820e-02  -2.90625e-03







 Sta/     OcSlope        Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

686/01   6.06726e-04   1.06140e-01   2.10265e-04  -2.02957e-03  -9.72328e-03  -2.66070e-03
687/01   5.51496e-04   1.68822e-01   1.71744e-04  -1.50664e-04  -9.49124e-03  -1.39397e-03
688/01   5.58019e-04   1.26686e-01   2.15490e-04  -1.33940e-03  -7.89712e-03   1.07387e-05
689/01   4.94659e-04   1.82626e-01   1.83764e-04   6.49332e-03  -1.01690e-02   5.90994e-05
690/01   6.75493e-04   9.48426e-02   2.50054e-04   1.32429e-02  -2.58291e-02  -8.79153e-04
691/01   5.70899e-04   1.42745e-01   2.31125e-04   1.64078e-02  -2.07008e-02  -3.28404e-03

692/01   5.38114e-04   1.69848e-01   2.20143e-04   8.34531e-03  -1.34671e-02  -3.17084e-03
693/01   5.46580e-04   1.94253e-01   2.09946e-04   1.15516e-02  -1.78489e-02  -8.14990e-04
694/01   7.14287e-04   1.34462e-01   2.77503e-04   1.56618e-02  -3.10078e-02  -1.11644e-03
695/01   6.62942e-04   1.43333e-01   2.47668e-04  -1.37620e-03  -1.57640e-02  -9.93555e-04
696/01   9.12717e-04   9.56860e-02   2.35513e-04   8.47153e-03  -3.56654e-02   2.60426e-04
697/01   7.87334e-04   1.10898e-01   2.68097e-04   2.73503e-03  -2.55930e-02  -3.35986e-04
698/01   9.44029e-04   4.52845e-02   1.43197e-04  -3.70445e-05  -2.58645e-02   1.02184e-05
699/01   1.03446e-03   3.04596e-03   1.51794e-04   3.69996e-03  -3.10971e-02  -6.21044e-06
700/01   9.40915e-04   4.30285e-02   1.44523e-04  -2.28458e-04  -2.53433e-02   2.28777e-05
701/01   1.04124e-03   1.85112e-02   1.41270e-04   2.81364e-03  -3.11871e-02   9.57219e-06

702/01   1.04968e-03   1.04040e-03   1.53123e-04   6.04594e-03  -3.37982e-02   4.34827e-06
703/01   1.05228e-03   6.09741e-03   1.46263e-04   5.54159e-03  -3.26394e-02   4.22341e-06
704/01   1.06037e-03   2.17247e-03   1.49747e-04  -1.25231e-03  -2.88957e-02   2.67703e-06
705/01   1.09003e-03  -6.26028e-03   1.49503e-04   3.60156e-03  -3.32216e-02   5.31679e-06
706/01   1.05822e-03  -5.40587e-03   1.55374e-04   1.52428e-03  -2.97839e-02  -2.88859e-06
707/01   9.45809e-04   4.20144e-02   1.42315e-04   1.65140e-03  -2.63491e-02  -6.23200e-06



NOTE: after the CTD O2 corrections were finalized, the bottle oxygen blanks and
thiosulfate normalities were smoothed.  Normally this step occurs before CTD O2
corrections are calculated, since these corrections are based on a fit of CTD to bottle
data.  This smoothing shifted the bottle values up to 0.02 ml/l, and the CTD O2 data were
adjusted accordingly.  (A first-order fit of the bottle data differences as a function of
[old] bottle oxygen values, calculated station by station, was applied to "finalized" CTD
O2 data to effectively make an identical adjustment to the CTD O2 values.)







                                Appendix C

         WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C:  CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments

    +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
    |              Key to Problem/Comment Abbreviations               |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |BQ    | bottle oxygen value(s) questionable/missing, need to     |
    |      | estimate for ctdoxy fit                                  |
    |CO    | conductivity offset                                      |
    |DI    | density inversion: data consistent/smooth in time-series |
    |      | ctd, possibly real                                       |
    |OB    | bottom ctdoxy signal shift coincides with slowdown for   |
    |      | bottom approach                                          |
    |OF    | ctdoxy fit off more than 0.02 ml/l (deeper) or 0.10 ml/l |
    |      | (shallower) compared to bottle data and/or nearby ctd    |
    |      | casts                                                    |
    |OH    | ctdoxy fit high near surface: high raw ctdoxy signal     |
    |OL    | ctdoxy fit low near surface: low ctdoxy signal, often    |
    |      | caused by slow transit through surface area              |
    |ON    | ctdoxy signal unusually noisy                            |
    |OP    | ctdoxy signal zeroes going into water, then rises slowly |
    |      | in top ~100db in x steps;  possible ctdoxy               |
    |      | sensor/cabling/power problem                             |
    |OS    | raw ctdoxy signal shifts                                 |
    |SR    | severe ship-roll problems: "yoyos" 5 db or larger        |
    |      | detected during cast                                     |
    |SS    | probable sea slime on conductivity sensor                |
    |UP    | used up-cast data for final pressure-series data         |
    |WS    | winch slowdown/stop, potential shift in ctdoxy signal    |
    |      | (also, see "OB")                                         |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |              Key to Solution/Action Abbreviations               |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |DC    | despiked conductivity (used instead of "OC" for short    |
    |      | "SS" segments) - see .ctd file codes                     |
    |DO    | despiked raw ctdoxy, despiked data ok unless otherwise   |
    |      | indicated                                                |
    |DS    | despiked salinity, changed temperature and/or            |
    |      | conductivity - see .ctd file codes                       |
    |DU    | down/up ctdoxy differ or similar features at different   |
    |      | pressures in this area; but downcast ctd Salinity and    |
    |      | Oxygen structures often correspond well with each other  |
    |EB    | used nearby bottles and/or casts to estimate bottle      |
    |      | oxygen value(s) for ctdoxy fit                           |
    |GD/GS | downcast high-gradient areas Deeper/Shallower than       |
    |      | upcast, ok if (upcast) btls do not match (downcast)      |
    |      | ctdoxy in these areas                                    |
    |NA    | no action taken, used default quality code 2             |
    |O3/O4 | quality code 3/4 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures       |
    |      | specified                                                |
    |OC    | offset conductivity channel to account for shift/offset  |
    |      | (units: mS/cm)                                           |
    |OK    | ctdoxy data consistent with nearby and/or repeat cast(s) |
    |      | (+/-0.02 ml/l) after offset/despiking; may be coded 3    |
    |      | anyways because of extensive despiking or multiple       |
    |      | offsets                                                  |
    |RO    | offset raw ctdoxy data to account for signal shift       |
    |      | caused by slowdown/stop/yoyo; usually "DO" in transition |
    |      | area near offset                                         |
    |S3    | quality code 3 salinity in .ctd file for pressures       |
    |      | specified                                                |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+



+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 574/01  |WS/1 min. at 3998-4002db, 1    |O3/4000-4010db,                |
|         |min. at bottom 4db, ctdoxy     |DO/4636-4640db/btm             |
|         |signal shifts                  |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 575-576 |surface btl+ctdoxy +0.20 ml/l  |NA/very different top 300 db,  |
|         |compared to subsequent casts   |other bottle parameters also   |
|         |                               |differ - probably real         |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 575/01  |DI/-0.018 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+/-0.15 ml/l compared to    |NA/0-180db, DU                 |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.03 ml/l compared to  |O3/4850-4994db/btm             |
|         |btl at bottom; also odd drop   |                               |
|         |at 3926-3982db: large up drop  |                               |
|         |at same prs likely caused by   |                               |
|         |btl stop                       |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 576/01  |ON/OF/+/-0.15 ml/l compared    |NA/40-120db, 250-350db; DU     |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 577/01  |ON/OF/max.-0.22 ml/l compared  |NA/240-400db, down/up differ   |
|         |to 2 btls                      |here                           |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |-0.02-3 ml/l drops in ctdoxy,  |O3/4282-4292db,                |
|         |no apparent slowdown           |O3/4470-4492db, both may be    |
|         |                               |ok: similar drops on upcast    |
|         |                               |may be caused by btl stop      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SS/CO                          |OC +0.19/S3 1382-1500db,       |
|         |                               |large area, so coded 3         |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 578/01  |OS                             |DO/RO +40/2-36db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared  |NA/70-140db, GD/30db, DU;      |
|         |to btls                        |stas 578-581 downcasts         |
|         |                               |similar here                   |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 579/01  |DI/-0.015 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |DO/RO +35 to +25/2-14db in 2   |
|         |                               |steps                          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/max.+/-0.30 ml/l         |NA/0-210db, GD/15db, DU; stas  |
|         |compared to btls               |578-581 downcasts similar      |
|         |                               |50db+                          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |RO +2/3860-3900db              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 580/01  |OS                             |DO/RO +30/2-52db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/max.+0.25 ml/l compared  |NA/60-150db, GD/15db, DU;      |
|         |to btls                        |stas 578-581 downcasts         |
|         |                               |similar 50db+                  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 581/01  |OS/OL/max.-0.07 ml/l compared  |DO/RO +60/2-54db, O3/0-20db    |
|         |to btl/nearby casts            |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/22-110db, GD/20db, DU;      |
|         |to btls, ok compared to        |stas 578-581 downcasts         |
|         |nearby casts                   |similar 50db+                  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 582/01  |DI/-0.014 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OL/sharp raw ctdoxy rise    |DO/RO +40/0-12db, OK after     |
|         |12-18db                        |despike                        |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/0-220db, GD/20db, DU        |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 583/01  |DI/-0.023 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +10/702-752db/btm           |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 584/01  |OL/-0.05 ml/l compared to      |O3/0-30db                      |
|         |btl/nearby cast                |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.024 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SS/CO                          |DS/+0.33 to +0.85PSU,          |
|         |                               |26-34db                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 585/01  |BQ/OH/+0.10 ml/l or more       |O3/0-4db                       |
|         |compared to nearby cast, slow  |                               |
|         |transit near surface           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 587/01  |OF/max.+0.10+ ml/l compared    |NA/40-120db, up ctdoxy noisy   |
|         |to btls                        |but generally similar shape,   |
|         |                               |ctdS/oxy features correlate    |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/ON                          |RO +2/2986-3016db,             |
|         |                               |DO/3022-3036db                 |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 588/01  |DI/-0.019 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.15+ ml/l compared    |NA/40-70db, DU                 |
|         |to btl                         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 589/01  |OF/btl+ctdoxy -0.10 ml/l       |NA/0-120db, unusual S/oxy      |
|         |compared to nearby casts       |features, GS/10db, DU          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/165-225db, ctdoxy feature   |
|         |btls                           |broader on down vs up,         |
|         |                               |otherwise similar here         |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 590/01  |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |O3/40-98db, NA/100-225db,      |
|         |to btls                        |GD/20db, DU                    |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +3/3596-3626db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 591/01  |OL/-0.20 ml/l compared to      |O3/8-56db                      |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 592/01  |OL/-0.20 to +0.10 ml/l         |O3/8-70db                      |
|         |compared to btls/nearby casts  |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +2/3700-3722db/btm          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SS/CO                          |OC -0.0005/3680-3716db         |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 593/01  |OF/max.+/-0.25 ml/l compared   |NA/0-150db, GD/20db, DU        |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 594/01  |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |NA/40-130db, GD/25db, DU       |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 595/01  |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/35-130db, GD/25db, DU       |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |RO +2/3528-3554db              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 596/01  |DI/-0.015 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/-0.12 ml/l compared to      |O3/18-40db                     |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |NA/40-140db, GD/10db, DU       |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +1/3600-3610db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 597/01  |OS/ON/OL/ctdoxy -0.15 ml/l     |RO +40 to +20/0-48db in 2      |
|         |before despike, now -0.05      |steps, DO/0-58db, O3/12-40db   |
|         |ml/l compared to btls          |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 598/01  |DI/-0.024 top 6db              |NA                             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 600/01  |OL/-0.10 to +0.15 ml/l         |O3/24-68db, upcast noisy, but  |
|         |compared to btls/nearby casts  |seems to rise through this     |
|         |                               |area also                      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/70-340db, GS/15db, DU       |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.03 ml/l compared to      |O3/2906-2936db                 |
|         |btl/upcast/nearby casts        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 601/01  |OF/max.+0.12 ml/l compared to  |O3/36-82db                     |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.12 ml/l compared to  |NA/84-160db, GD/5db            |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 602/01  |DI/-0.014 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.12 ml/l compared to  |O3/30-84db                     |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/86-120db, GD/10db           |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 603/01  |OF/+0.12 ml/l compared to      |O3/50-108db                    |
|         |btl/nearby casts               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/ctdoxy does not match btls  |OK/86-140db: GS/25db           |
|         |below 84db                     |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 604/01  |OS/ON/OL/-0.05 ml/l compared   |DO/RO +70 to +20/2-70db in 4   |
|         |to btls/nearby casts           |steps; O3/4-28db, still low    |
|         |                               |after offset/despike           |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ON/OF/less than +/-0.10     |0-350db, GD/10db, half of      |
|         |ml/l compared to btls/nearby   |btl-ctd difference is hi ctd   |
|         |casts                          |noise level; not coded except  |
|         |                               |as noted above                 |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/2x5db yoyos at 318db,       |NA/any effect lost in the      |
|         |350db                          |larger noise level, see above  |
|         |                               |comment                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 605/01  |Strong snap-roll going in      |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |water = bad kink in wire;      |                               |
|         |only one good conductor on     |                               |
|         |port wire                      |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.15 ml/l compared to      |O3/34-76db, deeper area OK:    |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |GD/10db                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 606/01  |Reterminated (both) wires      |NA                             |
|         |prior to cast                  |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/ON/OH/surface rawoxy        |DO/RO -360 to -80/2-52db in 7  |
|         |values 15% higher than         |steps, O3/0-52db; surface      |
|         |normal, rapidly dropping       |ctdoxy looks ok after          |
|         |signal                         |despike/offset, but huge       |
|         |                               |change over large area - so    |
|         |                               |coded 3                        |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/292-414db, down/up differ,  |
|         |btls, ok compared to nearby    |upcast seems to match btls ok  |
|         |casts                          |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 607/01  |drop-section in downcast       |NA/0-90db                      |
|         |matches upcast structure, no   |                               |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 608/01  |OF/+0.10 ml/l compared to      |O3/14-50db                     |
|         |btls/upcast/nearby casts       |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.20 ml/l compared to      |O3/370-450db, questionable     |
|         |btl, not comparable to nearby  |btl? may be OK?                |
|         |casts                          |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 610/01  |DI/-0.015 top 10db             |NA                             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 611/01  |New ctd wire/termination on    |NA                             |
|         |port winch during Durban       |                               |
|         |portstop prior to cast         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 612/01  |DI/-0.013 at 130db, -0.03 at   |NA/130-160db, inversions may   |
|         |140-150db: not visible         |be real, check LADCP for       |
|         |upcast, btl stop at 149-153db  |possible current               |
|         |may have obliterated;          |shear/mixing?                  |
|         |DI/-0.07 at 158db: feature     |                               |
|         |also seen in salinity, same-   |                               |
|         |magnitude feature present at   |                               |
|         |152-156db on upcast            |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 613/01  |Undocumented problem at        |NA                             |
|         |~225m. on first cast attempt:  |                               |
|         |brought cast back up and       |                               |
|         |restarted                      |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/28-108db, upcast ctdoxy     |
|         |btls, may be ok compared to    |shows same rise here           |
|         |nearby casts                   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |NA/110-180db, GD/5db, DU       |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 614/01  |ctd left powered-on after      |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |previous cast, not turned off  |                               |
|         |till this cast over            |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |DO/RO +30/0-22db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.10 to +0.30 ml/l         |NA/40-130db, DU may account    |
|         |compared to btls,              |for some of btl-ctd            |
|         |incomparable to nearby casts   |difference, especially         |
|         |                               |75-130db                       |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 615/01  |OF/+0.05 to +0.30+ ml/l        |NA/60-140db, DU could account  |
|         |compared to btls, ok compared  |for most of btl-ctd            |
|         |to nearby casts                |difference                     |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 616/01  |OS                             |DO/RO +30/2-18db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.15 ml/l compared to  |O3/32-68db, up/nearby casts    |
|         |btl/nearby casts               |do not show similar rise at    |
|         |                               |this point, no comparable      |
|         |                               |structure in ctdS              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 617/01  |OF/surface btloxy -0.05 ml/l   |NA/0-60db, ctdoxy was fit      |
|         |compared to nearby casts       |using surface btl value from   |
|         |                               |previous cast, still fit       |
|         |                               |through this btl               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/62-324db, DU                |
|         |btls below oxycline            |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 618/01  |DI/-0.017 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |DO/RO +20/2-16db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+/-0.15 to 0.40+ ml/l       |NA/0-420db, DU fits in with    |
|         |compared to many btls          |trend of nearby casts          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |RO +2/2930-2950db              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 619/01  |ABORT at 2900m down: pylon     |NA/reported cast anyways       |
|         |failed                         |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |BQ/no btls tripped this cast   |EB/whole cast, as needed;      |
|         |due to pylon communications    |cast 2 btl values used,        |
|         |problem                        |matched to ctd by density      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+/-0.20+ ml/l compared to   |NA/76-220db, cast 2 gradients  |
|         |many cast 2 btls               |10-15m deeper and ctdoxy       |
|         |                               |different shape; large ctdoxy  |
|         |                               |drop on cast 2 matches ~100db  |
|         |                               |btl, but no such drop on cast  |
|         |                               |1 down or up - OK              |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |WS/19 mins., 14db yoyo at      |DO/2884-2888db/btm             |
|         |bottom while testing pylon,    |                               |
|         |ctdoxy signal shifts           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 619/02  |New rosette harness prior to   |NA                             |
|         |cast; 4 attempts in 1 hour to  |                               |
|         |start this cast: 2 attempts    |                               |
|         |on port winch, 3rd attempt on  |                               |
|         |stbd. revealed problem was     |                               |
|         |harness, 4th/successful        |                               |
|         |attempt with new harness on    |                               |
|         |stbd. winch ok                 |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |DO/RO +20/8-28db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/60-240db, DU                |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -1/2988-2998db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 620/01  |Back to port winch (not        |NA                             |
|         |reterminated), new underwater  |                               |
|         |connector to pylon             |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.014 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |DO/RO +50/2-40db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.18 to +0.50 ml/l         |NA/50-240db, DU especially     |
|         |compared to btls               |120-140db: large drop on up    |
|         |                               |in S/oxy (ctd and btl) not     |
|         |                               |seen at all on down            |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 621/01  |DI/-0.020 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/ON/large drop this area     |DO/RO +50/6-58db, O3/0-58db;   |
|         |                               |improved after                 |
|         |                               |offset/despike, but ctdoxy     |
|         |                               |still seems odd                |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.25 ml/l compared to  |NA/100-200db, DU               |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 622/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/mostly +/-0.10 to 0.30   |DO/O3/0-148db, down/up ctdoxy  |
|         |ml/l compared to btls,         |generally resemble each        |
|         |+/-0.10 ml/l compared to       |other, and stas 620-623        |
|         |nearby casts                   |similar near surface; but      |
|         |                               |ctdoxy very noisy, hard to     |
|         |                               |identify true signal here      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/high-gradient, highly       |NA/150-220db, DU               |
|         |variable area                  |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 623/01  |DI/-0.014 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/28-82db, up has same        |
|         |btl                            |lower-oxy feature here, but    |
|         |                               |more pronounced than on down   |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |NA/84-228db, GS/15-20db        |
|         |to btls below oxycline         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 624-640 |stas 626-629/634-637/640+      |NA/btloxy processors found no  |
|         |surface (0-50db) btloxy        |reason to question btl         |
|         |values agree with ea. other;   |values, ctdoxys generally fit  |
|         |surface btloxys for stas       |through btloxy values          |
|         |624-625/630-633/638(c.1+2)-639 |                               |
|         |agree but approx. +0.10 ml/l   |                               |
|         |compared to first group        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 624/01  |Surface btloxy values jump     |NA/see note above for stas     |
|         |approx. +0.20 ml/l between     |624-640, larger jump between   |
|         |623/624                        |623/624 probably real          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/-0.05 to +0.25 ml/l      |DO/O3/0-218db                  |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SS/CO                          |OC +0.005/2416-2496db, OC      |
|         |                               |+0.006/2498-3596db (+0.006     |
|         |                               |also applied to entire upcast  |
|         |                               |for trip data)                 |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 625/01  |UP/18x8-46db segments of       |DC/bottle stops, as needed,    |
|         |-0.005 to -0.024 mS/cm         |misc.short segments upcast     |
|         |conductivity drops during      |                               |
|         |downcast, upcast dropouts      |                               |
|         |fewer and much shorter         |                               |
|         |duration                       |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/+/-0.02 to 0.03 ml/l off |DO/O3/3100-3572db/btm          |
|         |at bottom 3 btls (upcast)      |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 626/01  |DI/-0.023 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/-0.06 to -0.30 ml/l         |DO/O3/0-76db, very noisy       |
|         |compared to upcast/btls/nearby |signal, difficult to decipher  |
|         |casts                          |true shape                     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.10 to +0.30 ml/l         |NA/78-250db, DU                |
|         |compared to btls, not          |                               |
|         |comparable to nearby casts     |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/4x5-6db yoyos at 1036db,    |O3/1036-1048db,                |
|         |1044db, 1578db, 1586db; ctdoxy |O3/1578-1602db                 |
|         |signal shifts                  |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 627/01  |DI/-0.032 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/numerous small drops in     |DO/OK after despike whole      |
|         |rawoxy signal                  |cast, as needed                |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.04 to +0.30 ml/l         |NA/50-136db, NA/200-218db,     |
|         |compared to btls               |DU; stas 627-629 similar       |
|         |                               |ctdoxy top 130m                |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/6db yoyo at 3090db, ctdoxy  |DO/3064-3092db/btm             |
|         |signal shifts near bottom      |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 628/01  |SS/CO                          |OC +2.08/12-16db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/6-90db, nearby casts        |
|         |nearby area                    |similar ctdoxy structure, DU;  |
|         |                               |upcast not comparable because  |
|         |                               |of slowdown at surface         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/92-186db: GS/10db, ctdoxy   |
|         |bottles                        |features also differ in        |
|         |                               |magnitude on down/up casts;    |
|         |                               |DU below 140db                 |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/ctdoxy/bottom btl look high |O3/2370-2372db                 |
|         |compared to nearby casts, then |                               |
|         |upcast offset high compared to |                               |
|         |downcast                       |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 629/01  |DI/-0.013 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed,      |
|         |                               |larger spikes/drops only       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/max.-0.20 ml/l compared to  |O3/8-52db                      |
|         |nearby area, nearby casts drop |                               |
|         |half as much                   |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 630/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed,      |
|         |                               |larger spikes/drops only       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +4/1520-1576db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 631/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed,      |
|         |                               |larger spikes/drops only       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +8/1278-1282db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 632/01  |DI/-0.015 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/0-210db, high noise level   |
|         |to btls/nearby casts           |causes misc. drops and rises,  |
|         |                               |similar noise level in rest    |
|         |                               |of cast/upcast; DU             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 634/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.20 ml/l compared to btl, |NA/280-370db, down feature     |
|         |overlays nearby casts          |less pronounced than up and    |
|         |                               |centered 20m deeper            |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 635/01  |ON/max.+/-0.20 ml/l compared   |DO/O3/0-120db, ctdoxy looks    |
|         |to btls/nearby casts           |odd compared to nearby casts   |
|         |                               |after despiking, too noisy to  |
|         |                               |accurately determine true      |
|         |                               |signal; up has similar         |
|         |                               |noise/fluctuations             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 636/01  |DI/-0.033 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OF/within 0.05 ml/l except  |RO +30/2-26db, NA/28-170db:    |
|         |104db btl; not many btls to    |GD/15db                        |
|         |compare with                   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |RO +4/2568-2598db              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 637/01  |No altimeter return during     |NA                             |
|         |bottom approach: PDR scale     |                               |
|         |mis-read by 750m               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.022 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OL/-0.10 to -0.40 ml/l      |DO/O3/0-58db, much despiking   |
|         |compared to btl/nearby casts   |top 6db and 50-58db, rest too  |
|         |                               |noisy to accurately determine  |
|         |                               |true signal; up very           |
|         |                               |different, no such drops       |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 638/01  |Deepest pressure 750+m off     |NA/cast reported anyways       |
|         |bottom: PDR scale mis-read     |                               |
|         |prior to sta 637               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OL/OF/-0.10 ml/l compared   |DO/RO +120 to +40/2-94db in 3  |
|         |to cast 2 ctdoxy/ cast 1+2     |steps; O3/0-66db, surface      |
|         |btls - ctdoxy matches sta 637, |very low at start, still low   |
|         |but surface btloxys jump +0.10 |after offset; low noise level  |
|         |ml/l between stas 637-638      |this cast; see cmmts stas      |
|         |                               |624-640 re: surface btloxy     |
|         |                               |values                         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |WS/1 min. + 5db yoyo at        |O3/4030-4038db                 |
|         |4024-4030db, ctdoxy signal     |                               |
|         |shifts                         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 638/02  |750m deeper than cast 1; error |about-face/re-do station,      |
|         |in PDR bottom scale reading    |cast 2 to correct bottom       |
|         |before sta.637, detected half- |depth                          |
|         |hour into run toward sta 639   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.014 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/-0.10 to -0.30 ml/l         |O3/18-44db                     |
|         |compared to btls/nearby casts  |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |BQ/bottom btl                  |EB/4836db                      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/ctdoxy +0.04 ml/l compared  |O3/4650-4836db/btm             |
|         |to nearby deeper casts         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 639/01  |OL/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/0-66db, much despiking   |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |this area, too noisy to        |
|         |                               |accurately determine true      |
|         |                               |signal; up even noisier, no    |
|         |                               |help                           |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/260-520db, GS/10db, DU;     |
|         |btls                           |dynamically changing area      |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 640/01  |OF/max.-0.15 ml/l compared to  |NA/14-84db, DU: ctdoxy         |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |corresponds with ctdS/density  |
|         |                               |feature seen only on this      |
|         |                               |downcast, smaller/noisier      |
|         |                               |drop seen on up ctdoxy         |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 641/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/ctdoxy does not match       |NA/0-115db, DU: smaller-scale  |
|         |btls/nearby casts well         |features 5-10db deeper         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OB                          |RO -2/5172-5182db, RO          |
|         |                               |+2/5184-5186db/btm             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 642/01  |OB                             |RO -1/5168-5178db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 643/01  |OF/OL/ON/max.-0.13 ml/l        |DO/O3/0-88db, much despiking   |
|         |compared to btls/nearby casts, |this area, too noisy to        |
|         |especially top 36db            |accurately determine true      |
|         |                               |signal; generally resembles    |
|         |                               |upcast/nearby casts            |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.03 ml/l compared to  |O3/3762-4618db                 |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.04 ml/l compared to  |O3/5158-5202db/btm             |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 644/01  |DI/-0.019 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OF/OL/-0.06 to -0.10 ml/l   |DO/RO +40/2-38db, O3/0-42db,   |
|         |compared to btls/nearby        |O3/66-80db                     |
|         |casts/upcast                   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/-0.05 to +0.30 ml/l         |NA/120-190db, GD/20db          |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 645/01  |DI/-0.019 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.15 ml/l compared to  |NA/0-200db, DU: down has more  |
|         |btls, top 24m btl+ctdoxy -0.30 |pronounced rises/drops in      |
|         |ml/l compared to nearby casts  |ctdS/oxy                       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.03 ml/l compared to      |NA/5000-5074db/btm, overlays   |
|         |bottom btl                     |well with nearby ctd casts     |
|         |                               |this range                     |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 646/01  |DI/-0.019 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.03 ml/l compared to      |NA/4980-5076db, overlays well  |
|         |bottom btl                     |with nearby ctd casts this     |
|         |                               |range                          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 647/01  |OL/-0.10 or more ml/l compared |NA/0-110db, down/up ctdoxy     |
|         |to nearby casts, btl+ctdoxy    |completely different           |
|         |match                          |structure than nearby casts,   |
|         |                               |GD/10db                        |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |BQ/bottom bottle looks ok      |EB/3600-4800db                 |
|         |compared to nearby casts       |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +2/4838-4842db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 648/01  |DI/-0.016 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ctdoxy -0.15 ml/l compared  |O3/8-28db, drop also seen on   |
|         |to sta 649, no btl this area   |up, although drop starts at    |
|         |                               |bottle stop; down ctdoxy       |
|         |                               |overlays previous cast here -  |
|         |                               |may be OK?                     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/ctdoxy +0.20 ml/l compared  |NA/270-340db, DU: up ctdS/oxy  |
|         |to btl/upcast                  |both drop here but down does   |
|         |                               |not                            |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 649/01  |OS/OL/-0.05 ml/l compared to   |DO/RO +25/0-44db, O3/0-20db,   |
|         |btl/previous cast              |low ctdoxy at start, still     |
|         |                               |low after despike, although    |
|         |                               |matches next cast              |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.10 to +0.15 ml/l         |NA/140-320db, GD/15db, DU      |
|         |compared to btls, not          |                               |
|         |comparable to nearby casts     |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 650/01  |BQ/surface btl + bottom btl    |EB/4db + 4334db                |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OL/-0.05 ml/l compared to   |DO/RO +15/2-36db, O3/0-16db,   |
|         |nearby casts                   |low ctdoxy at start and no     |
|         |                               |btloxy here, still low after   |
|         |                               |despike, although matches      |
|         |                               |previous cast                  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 651/01  |DI/-0.017 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/max.-0.20 ml/l compared to  |O3/24-48db, double ctdoxy      |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |drop also seen up, over half   |
|         |                               |as many pressure intervals;    |
|         |                               |deeper up-drop could be        |
|         |                               |caused by btl stop, but no     |
|         |                               |slowdown/stop on down here -   |
|         |                               |may be OK?                     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |BQ/used these btloxys for fit  |NA/100-1800db, ctdoxy looks    |
|         |despite quality code 3         |OK compared to nearby casts    |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.02-0.03 ml/l         |O3/4200-4340db/btm             |
|         |compared to bottom btl/ nearby |                               |
|         |casts                          |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 652/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed,      |
|         |                               |larger spikes/drops only       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/ON/OH/only 74 secs. between |DO/RO -185 to -30/2-98db in 6  |
|         |ctd power-on/in-water: not     |steps, O3/0-64db; large        |
|         |enough warm-up for ctdoxy      |offset/despike applied to top  |
|         |sensor                         |100db, uncertain of true       |
|         |                               |shape through this area with   |
|         |                               |the biggest changes; may be    |
|         |                               |OK now? same shape as upcast   |
|         |                               |and overlays well with nearby  |
|         |                               |casts                          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.05 to +0.20 ml/l         |NA/90-180db: GD/20db,          |
|         |compared to btls               |compares well with nearby      |
|         |                               |casts, although noisy          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 653/01  |OS/OL/ON/low and noisy rawoxy  |DO/RO +60 to +50/2-50db in 2   |
|         |near surface                   |steps, OK after                |
|         |                               |offset/despike                 |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/max.-0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/24-30db, OK? drop also      |
|         |btl/nearby casts               |seen sta 651 and on upcast;    |
|         |                               |up-drop could be caused by     |
|         |                               |btl stop, but no               |
|         |                               |slowdown/stop on down here     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.15 ml/l compared to  |NA/52-120db, compares well     |
|         |btls                           |with nearby casts, GD/10db     |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 654/01  |ON                             |DO/whole cast, as needed,      |
|         |                               |larger spikes/drops only       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OH/raw ctdoxy high at       |DO/RO -30 to -10/0-14db in 2   |
|         |surface                        |steps, OK after                |
|         |                               |offset/despike                 |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/max.-0.20 ml/l compared to  |O3/34-56db, no such feature    |
|         |nearby casts (no btl)          |visible on up either           |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 655/01  |OS/ON/OH/raw ctdoxy somewhat   |RO -30/0-10db, DO/0-18db, OK   |
|         |high at surface                |after offset/despike           |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 656/01  |OF/high compared to btls, not  |NA/140-200db, GD/15+db, DU     |
|         |comparable to nearby casts     |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 660/01  |OS/OH/raw ctdoxy high at       |DO/RO -30/0-28db, OK after     |
|         |surface                        |despike                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 661/01  |OS/OH/raw ctdoxy slightly high |DO/RO -10/0-32db, OK after     |
|         |at surface                     |despike                        |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.30 ml/l compared to  |NA/76-120db: GS/20db, DU       |
|         |btls, nearby casts             |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/122-330db, DU; btloxys      |
|         |to btls                        |lower than nearby casts also,  |
|         |                               |but match sta 660 btl/ctdoxys  |
|         |                               |from 230-320db, then matches   |
|         |                               |next few casts at deeper       |
|         |                               |pressures                      |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 662/01  |OS                             |RO -10/2-16db                  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 664/01  |ON                             |DO/0-1300db                    |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 665/01  |OF/max.+0.20 ml/l compared to  |NA/100-180db, GD/10db, DU:     |
|         |btls                           |ctdoxy compares well to        |
|         |                               |nearby casts                   |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 666/01  |OL/max.-0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/30-70db, may be OK:         |
|         |btls: ctdoxy matches 667       |downward-shift in ctdoxy top   |
|         |btls/ctd, btloxy matches 665   |60db, stas 665 to 667: sta     |
|         |btls/ctd                       |666 right down the middle; DU  |
|         |                               |15db from 60-110db             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 667/01  |OF/max.+/-0.20 ml/l compared   |NA/70-250db, GD/20+db, DU;     |
|         |to btls                        |ctdoxy similar only to sta     |
|         |                               |668                            |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 668/01  |Wind at 40+ knots, wave in     |NA/see noise/yoyo problems     |
|         |inner wet lab                  |stas 668-672                   |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS/OL/max.-0.10 ml/l compared  |DO/RO +70/2-34db, O3/0-44db    |
|         |to btls/nearby casts after     |                               |
|         |offset/despike                 |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/85-150db, GD/10db, similar  |
|         |btls                           |only to sta 667 in an area of  |
|         |                               |change                         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.30 ml/l compared to  |NA/220-400db, GD/50db, DU      |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/5x5db yoyos at 324db,       |DO/O3/800-804db, ctdoxy        |
|         |536db, 802db, 1228db, 1414db   |signal shifts                  |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |BQ                             |EB/4224db                      |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 669/01  |OL/max.-0.30 ml/l compared to  |RO +20/6-28db, O3/0-104db      |
|         |btls/nearby casts              |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/4x5-9db yoyos at 180db,     |DO/O3/182-188db,               |
|         |186db, 232db, 550db            |O3/230-232db; ctdoxy signal    |
|         |                               |shifts                         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -1/4202-4206db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 670-697 |New/replacement ctdoxy sensor  |Conservatively coded many      |
|         |used for these casts.          |levels  O3/or O4, much higher  |
|         |Whenever ctdoxy sensor entered |overall noise level and        |
|         |the water, big drop in rawoxy  |nearly triple standard         |
|         |values within ~1 second, then  |deviation (btloxy vs ctdoxy,   |
|         |rose slowly during top         |before O3/O4/coded levels      |
|         |~100+db.  After the first few  |removed) compared to other     |
|         |casts, rawoxy value dropped to |casts this leg                 |
|         |0 and stayed there longer each |                               |
|         |cast, eventually rising again  |                               |
|         |to "normal" values during the  |                               |
|         |top ~100db.  When exiting      |                               |
|         |water, rawoxy values rose      |                               |
|         |sharply within a second or     |                               |
|         |two, often pegging out at      |                               |
|         |maximum rawoxy value (4512)    |                               |
|         |before dropping again to       |                               |
|         |"normal" values.  Over time,   |                               |
|         |surface rawoxy values dropped  |                               |
|         |by ~150, not counting the      |                               |
|         |drops to 0 on first entering   |                               |
|         |the water.  The rawoxy values  |                               |
|         |at 1000db and the bottom       |                               |
|         |dropped by ~300 between stas   |                               |
|         |670-697.  The 1000-db rawoxy   |                               |
|         |drop may be normal - that much |                               |
|         |change is seen between 669-698 |                               |
|         |(old sensor). Bottom           |                               |
|         |calibrated ctdoxys for 698-707 |                               |
|         |overlay well, but continually  |                               |
|         |dropping for 670-697, except   |                               |
|         |when it's apparent that        |                               |
|         |someone attempted to fix the   |                               |
|         |problem near the end of that   |                               |
|         |sensor's use                   |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 670/01  |OL/ON/OF/ctdoxy -0.60 ml/l     |DO/O4/0-100db, still fits low  |
|         |compared to surface btl: very  |after extensive despiking      |
|         |low rawoxy at start of cast    |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/very noisy, especially   |DO/O3/102-1180db               |
|         |top 700db; SR/over 25x5-10db   |                               |
|         |yoyos/stops/ctdoxy signal      |                               |
|         |shifts in top 1180db; -0.30    |                               |
|         |ml/l ctdoxy drop at            |                               |
|         |1012-1036db not seen           |                               |
|         |upcast/nearby casts            |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/2x7db yoyos at 1374-1378db, |DO/OK after despike            |
|         |2x6-8db yoyos at 2168-2180db;  |                               |
|         |ctdoxy signal shifts           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 671/01  |ON/very noisy, especially top  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |750db                          |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.25 ml/l    |DO/RO +240 to +50/2-100db in   |
|         |compared to btls               |4 steps; O4/0-102db            |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/4x5-7db yoyos at 496db,     |O3/504-510db, ctdoxy signal    |
|         |504db                          |shifts                         |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB/SR/2x5-7db yoyos at 4286db, |RO -3/4286-4290db/btm          |
|         |4290db/btm; ctdoxy signal      |                               |
|         |shifts                         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 672/01  |ON/especially top 1000db       |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.30 ml/l    |DO/RO +220 to +20/2-70db in 3  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-90db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/9x5-8db yoyos at 228db,     |DO as needed/OK except as      |
|         |518db, 698db, 772db, 802db,    |noted below                    |
|         |890db, 1010db, 1016db, 1030db  |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.25 ml/l compared to  |O3/498-538db                   |
|         |btl, 30-second/8-db yoyo       |                               |
|         |518-510db causes higher spike  |                               |
|         |at 520-522db                   |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 673/01  |ON/especially top 900db        |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.20 ml/l    |DO/RO +310 to +50/2-104db in   |
|         |compared to btls               |3 steps; O4/0-118db            |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -2/4224-4236db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 674/01  |ON/deeper sections OK compared |DO/0-700db                     |
|         |to nearby casts                |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.25 ml/l    |DO/RO +250 to +20/2-82db in 4  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-76db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |SR/2x5-7db yoyos at 400db,     |DO/398-410db, OK after         |
|         |404db; ctdoxy signal shifts    |despike                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 675/01  |ON/especially top 1100db,      |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |increases again deep           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.15 ml/l    |DO/RO +210 to +20/2-62db in 4  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-62db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +3/4890-4902db/btm          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |Hard landing on deck at end of |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |cast                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 676/01  |DI/-0.021 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 400db;       |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |entire cast somewhat noisy,    |                               |
|         |better than nearby casts       |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.10 ml/l    |DO/RO +270 to +30/0-24db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-42db               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 677/01  |ON/entire cast very noisy      |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l  |DO/RO +110 to +80/2-56db in 2  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-54db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -1/5136-5140db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 678/01  |ON/especially top 1400db,      |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |increases again below 4100db   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.30 ml/l    |                               |
|         |compared to btls, slow top     |                               |
|         |154db                          |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 679/01  |ON/especially top 700db        |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/OK compared to    |DO/RO +80 to +20/2-12db in 2   |
|         |btls, but odd shape in between |steps; O4/0-56db               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 680/01  |DI/-0.018 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 1250db,      |DO/0-2500db                    |
|         |deeper sections better than    |                               |
|         |nearby casts                   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.35 ml/l    |DO/RO +205 to +40/2-92db in 6  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-102db              |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ON/OF/max.-0.10 ml/l        |DO/O3/104-170db                |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 681/01  |DI/-0.019 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 1000db, then |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1450db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.15 ml/l    |DO/RO +200 to +30/2-68db in 4  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-70db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ON/OF/max.-0.25 ml/l        |DO/O3/110-132db                |
|         |compared to btls, drop not     |                               |
|         |seen on upcast                 |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.05 ml/l compared   |DO/O3/1700-2500db,             |
|         |to btls                        |O3/2950-4070db                 |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 682/01  |DI/-0.022 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 1100db, then |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |3800db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.40 ml/l    |DO/RO +230 to +40/2-18db in 3  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-118db              |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/2600-3500db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 683/01  |DI/-0.020 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 1100db;      |DO/0-2500db                    |
|         |deeper sections better than    |                               |
|         |nearby casts                   |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/ok compared to    |DO/RO +270 to +40/2-50db in 5  |
|         |btls                           |steps; O4/0-50db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.05 ml/l compared to  |O3/2649-3150db                 |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/drifts to +0.06 ml/l        |DO/O3/5110-5242db/btm          |
|         |compared to bottom btl         |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 684/01  |DI/-0.028 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 800db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |2700db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.25 ml/l    |DO/RO +300 to +20/0-40db in 6  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-90db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.10+ ml/l compared  |DO/O3/1600-3850db              |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |Large, 2-second drop in raw    |DO/5246-5248db/btm             |
|         |ctdoxy, did not hit bottom, no |                               |
|         |explanation                    |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 685/01  |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.15+ ml/l   |DO/RO +235 to +30/0-34db in 4  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-84db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.14 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1250-2550db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/progressively noisier as    |DO/2000-5186db/btm             |
|         |approach bottom                |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 686/01  |ON/especially top 600db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1400db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.30 ml/l    |DO/RO +230 to +25/2-42db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-82db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.25 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1350-2678db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +1/5308-5314db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 687/01  |ON/especially top 700db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1400db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.06 ml/l    |DO/RO +430 to +60/2-38db in 6  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-58db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ON/OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l      |DO/O3/1700-4100db              |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 688/01  |ON/especially top 700db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |2600db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.10 ml/l    |DO/RO +260 to +60/0-58db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-58db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.20 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1400-2600db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.05 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/3100-3950db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 689/01  |Styrofoam cups [on package]    |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |this cast                      |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/top 150db somewhat noisy,   |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |then 2000db to bottom          |                               |
|         |progressively noisier          |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.15 ml/l    |DO/RO +260 to +30/0-66db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-60db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.12 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1600-2650db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB/ON/OF/max.+0.05 ml/l        |DO/RO -2/5282-5290db/btm,      |
|         |compared to bottom btl after   |O3/5236-5290db/btm             |
|         |despike                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 690/01  |DI/-0.023 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 800db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1350db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.08 ml/l    |DO/RO +400 to +15/2-48db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-54db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.18 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1500-2500db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.08 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/2800-4000db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 500db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1300db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 691/01  |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.06 ml/l    |DO/RO +280 to +25/2-38db in 5  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-38db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OL/ON/OF/max.+0.25 ml/l        |DO/O3/40-176db                 |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.25 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1350-2750db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.05 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/4236-4820db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 692/01  |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.23 ml/l    |DO/RO +620 to +30/2-90db in 9  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-90db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/114-240db                |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/progressively noisier as    |DO/1150-5094db/btm             |
|         |approach bottom                |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.25 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/1182-2500db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.14 ml/l compared to  |DO/O4/4886-5094db/btm          |
|         |btls, despike does not help    |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 693/01  |"Kink in cable about sheave"   |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |when rosette at surface: no    |                               |
|         |strands out of place           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.023 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 1000db, then |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1200db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.12 ml/l    |DO/RO +820 to +60/2-46db in    |
|         |compared to btls               |10 steps; O4/0-46db            |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/max.+/-0.20 ml/l         |DO/O3/48-280db                 |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.20 ml/l compared   |DO/O3/1450-4000db              |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.05 ml/l compared to  |DO/O3/4250-4650db              |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 694/01  |Kink in cable unchanged        |NA/no apparent effect on data  |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |DI/-0.017 top 10db             |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/especially top 750db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1000db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier, very noisy at bottom  |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.20 ml/l    |DO/RO +960 to +40/2-44db in 8  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-70db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/very noisy, fits to      |DO/O3/1500-4206db/btm          |
|         |+/-0.20 ml/l compared to btls  |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 695/01  |OP/WS/1 min. at 10-14db,       |DO/RO +740 to +100/2-52db in   |
|         |ctdoxy signal shifts;          |8 steps; O4/0-90db             |
|         |OL/ON/OF/max.-0.20 ml/l        |                               |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/fits to +/-0.15 ml/l     |DO/O3/1400-4222db              |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/progressively noisier as    |DO/1250-4866db/btm             |
|         |approach bottom                |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 696/01  |ON/especially top 700db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1250db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.22 ml/l    |DO/RO +580 to +30/0-48db in 7  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-50db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/fits to +/-0.13 ml/l     |DO/O3/1450-3500db              |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO +2/3878-4000db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 697/01  |ON/especially top 850db, then  |DO/whole cast, as needed       |
|         |1200db to bottom progressively |                               |
|         |noisier                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OP; OL/ON/OF/max.-0.40+ ml/l   |DO/RO +600 to +60/2-52db in 8  |
|         |compared to btls               |steps; O4/0-96db               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OF/fits to +/-0.15 ml/l     |DO/O3/1386-4208db/btm          |
|         |compared to btls               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OS                             |RO +4/4200-4206db              |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 698/01  |Back to old ctdoxy sensor      |NA/signal much improved        |
|         |beginning this cast            |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OS; OL/max.-0.05 ml/l       |DO/0-700db; DO/RO +50 to       |
|         |compared to btl/nearby cast,   |+80/0-50db in 3 steps,         |
|         |even after offset/despike      |O3/0-50db                      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -2/4292-4300db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 699/01  |OS                             |DO/RO +20 to +90/0-32db in 4   |
|         |                               |steps, still noisy after       |
|         |                               |offsets                        |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 700/01  |DI/-0.016 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON/OS; OL/max.-0.15 ml/l       |DO/0-700db; DO/RO +20 to       |
|         |compared to btls/nearby casts, |+160/2-66db in 5 steps,        |
|         |even after offset/despike      |O3/0-70db                      |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/120-410db, GD/10-15db, DU   |
|         |btls                           |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -1/4354-4362db/btm          |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 701/01  |ON/OS; OL/ON/raw ctdoxy low    |DO/0-700db; DO/RO +20 to       |
|         |near surface                   |+60/0-44db in 3 steps, OK      |
|         |                               |after despike                  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 702/01  |DI/-0.018 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |ON                             |DO/0-700db                     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.-0.10 ml/l from 4104db  |NA/4106-4246db, may be OK,     |
|         |btl to near-bottom, compared   |ctdoxy fit looks the same      |
|         |to nearby ctd casts            |even if bottom btl not used    |
|         |                               |for fit                        |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |Bottom 2 levels rise 0.06 ml/l |O3/4248-4250db, probably       |
|         |to meet up with btl, looks     |caused by bottom stop, not     |
|         |suspicious                     |seen on upcast                 |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 703/01  |DI/-0.017 top 6db              |NA                             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 704/01  |ON/OL/jagged and noisy signal  |O3/0-122db                     |
|         |throughout surface area,       |                               |
|         |upcast does not show any such  |                               |
|         |ctdoxy structure               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |odd ctdoxy structure near      |DO/4400-4468db/btm, OK -       |
|         |bottom                         |shape unaltered by despiking,  |
|         |                               |within 0.02 ml/l of btl value  |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+





+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Cast     Problem/Comment                 Solution/Action                |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 705/01  |OF/max.+/-0.15 ml/l compared   |NA/100-400db, GD/10-20db, DU   |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/-0.05 ml/l compared to      |O3/4540-4558db, no such        |
|         |trend of nearby levels within  |feature on upcast              |
|         |same cast; not comparable to   |                               |
|         |nearby casts                   |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 706/01  |OF/max.+/-0.10 ml/l compared   |NA/0-80db, upcast ctdoxy has   |
|         |to nearest btls                |similar features between btls  |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+/-0.20 ml/l compared   |NA/80-380+db, GD/10-20db, DU   |
|         |to btls                        |                               |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OB                             |RO -1/4818-4832db/btm          |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/+0.03 ml/l compared to      |O3/4814-4832db, probably       |
|         |bottom btl, not comparable to  |caused by bottom slowdown,     |
|         |nearby casts                   |not seen on upcast             |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 707/01  |DI/-0.013 top 6db              |NA                             |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/OL/max.-0.20 ml/l compared  |O3/0-34db, no such feature on  |
|         |to nearest btls                |upcast; NA/36-56db, upcast     |
|         |                               |ctdoxy has similar feature     |
|         |                               |                               |
|         |OF/max.+0.10 ml/l compared to  |NA/50-410db, GS/10-20db, DU    |
|         |btls                           |                               |
+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+








                                Appendix D

                WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C:  Bottle Quality Comments

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI data comments, and WOCE
codes other than 2 from WOCE I4/I5W/I7C KN-145.9.  Investigation of data
may include comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data,
review of data plots of the station profile and adjoining stations, and
rereading of charts (i.e., nutrients).  Comments from the Sample Logs and
the results of ODF's investigations are included in this report.  Units
stated in these comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical
Salinity Units for salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per
liter for oxygen and micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite,
and Phosphate.  The first number before the comment is the cast number
(CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number (BTLNBR).


STATION 574

122            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap" (before air vent
               opened; O-ring out of groove). No samples drawn.

116            Delta-S at 1614db is -0.0046.  Autosal run ok. No notes.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

115            Delta-S at 1715db is -0.0037.  Autosal run ok. No notes.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

108-109        Delta-S is approx. -0.0025.  Autosal run ok. No notes.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 4151db is -0.0036.  Autosal run ok. No notes.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101-109        Silicates higher by ~3uM than adjacent (703-706) stations;
               No corresponding feature in other parameters.  Peaks and
               calcs OK; footnote SIO3 questionable.


STATION 575

130            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom after venting - no O2
               drawn."  Salt and nutrient samples look ok.  Oxygen
               mistakenly not drawn.

122            Sample log: "Leak at bottom o-ring - no CO2 or O2."  Drew
               nutrient but no water for salt or oxygen.  O-ring out.
               Replaced end cap and o-ring before next station.  PO4, NO3,
               SiO3 appear low but inversion on CTD S & O2 this level. Next
               station has similar feature this level.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, salinity and oxygen not drawn and nutrients
               questionable.

105            Delta-S at 4151db is -0.0034.  Salinity value low compared
               to CTD and adjacent values. Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Sample log: "Small air bubble from MnCl2" O2 agrees well
               with CTDOXY and adjacent stations at 4767db.

101            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l compared to bottle at
               bottom."  Footnote 4850-4994 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 576

101            Delta-S at 4792db is 0.0063.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Footnote salinity bad.


STATION 577

110            Sample log: "Leak in upper air vent o-ring."  Water samples
               look ok.

101            No samples per Nutrient data sheet. Drawn ok per Sample log.
               Apparent drawing error.


STATION 578

126            Sample log: Bottom o-ring leak.  Water samples look ok.

124            Sample log: "Top lid knocked on recovery."  Water samples
               look ok.

120            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +.10 (or more) high compared to
               dnCTD; feature is 70m shallower than bottle on up, so bottle
               doesn't match upcast CTD either."  No notes of any
               analytical problems; assume questionable.  Footnote O2
               questionable.


STATION 579

126            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring not seated."  Data are
               acceptable.

122            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated."  Data are acceptable.

116            Delta-S at 1210db is -0.0035.  Salt sample analysis ok,
               sample from minor gradient area.


STATION 580

Cast 1         Nutrient data sheet:"Bad sil moly." Deep values about 2 uM/L
               low. Corrected prior Station 582.  Footnote SiO3 bad on this
               station and station 581.

105-130        See Cast 1 SiO3 comment, footnote SiO3 bad.

104            Sample log: "Bottle did not close."  No samples drawn.  Trip
               level also not confirmed by CTD acquisition.

101            Delta-S at 3501db is -0.0026.  Bottom five bottles a little
               low compared to CTD salinity.  This bottle is the only one
               that exceeds standards.  No notes and analysis appears OK.
               On overlays with station 579, values agree.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

101-103        See Cast 1 SiO3 comment, footnote SiO3 bad.


STATION 581

Cast 1         Nutrient data sheet:"Bad sil moly."  Deep values about 2uM/L
               low. Corrected prior to next station.

131            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.07 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby casts."  Footnote 0-20 db CTDOXY questionable.

131-101        See Cast 1 SiO3 comment, footnote SiO3 bad.

123            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Water flow from spigot before venting (air
               leak)."  Water samples look ok.  Salt Log: Chipped neck on
               salt bottle.

120            Sample log: "Top end cap cocked during recovery ~ 10s (or
               less){dripping at spigot before venting}."  (Top end cap
               knocked open briefly by tag line.)  Salt, nutrients, and
               oxygen look good. CO2 also sampled.

111            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 582

121            Sample log: "BTLs 16, 18, 19, & 21 tripped for Alistair
               only(chlorophyll) - no other sampling.

118-119        Sample log: "BTLs 16, 18, 19, & 21 tripped for Alistair only
               (chlorophyll) - no other sampling.


116            Sample log: "BTLs 16, 18, 19, & 21 tripped for Alistair only
               (chlorophyll) - no other sampling.

105            Sample log: "Dripping @ bottom after venting. Reseated."
               Water samples look ok.


STATION 583

106            Salt Log: Wrong suppression.  Samples ok.

105            Salt Log: Wrong suppression.  Samples ok.


STATION 584

104            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby cast."  Footnote 0-30 db CTDOXY questionable.

101            Delta-S at 97db is -0.026.  High delta-S, but in area of
               steep salinity gradient.  Salinity value OK.


STATION 585

119            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 (and CTD fit) +.10 compared to any
               nearby cast.  No analytical problems noted; flag O2
               questionable.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.10+ ml/l
               compared to nearby cast."  Footnote 0-4 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 586

108            Sample log: "Bottle leaked."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 587

129            Delta-S at 54db is -0.0348.  In area of steep salinity
               gradient, salinity value OK.

126            Sample log: "Leak bottom end cap after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Leak bottom end cap after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

109            Sample log: "Upper end cap not set, leaked w/vent opening."
               Water samples look ok.


STATION 588

126            Sample log: "Bottom end cap not sealed, leaked w/vent
               opening".  Water samples look ok.


STATION 589

126            Delta-S at 85db is -0.0273.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from
               gradient area.

125            Sample log: "Dripping @ bottom" (after air vent opened?).
               Delta-S 0.016 high at 104db.  Nutrient, o2 & salinity
               features correspond to CTD O & S inversion. Looks ok.

122            Sample log: "Spigot open before venting" (air leak?)  Water
               samples look ok.


STATION 590

131            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom after venting, reseated,
               ok."  Water samples look ok.  Oxygen: "air bubble."  Looks
               OK vs other parameters & adjacent stations.

129-127        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.15 ml/l compared to bottles."
               Footnote 40-98 db CTDOXY questionable.

104            Delta-S at 3030db is 0.0098.  Six Autosal runs to get
               agreement. Other water samples ok. Probable salt crystal
               contamination.  Footnote salinity bad.


STATION 591

133            Sample log:"Dripping out @ base" Water samples look ok.

133-132        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 8-56 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 592

135-133        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy -0.20 to +0.10 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 8-70 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

126            Sample log: "Bottom leaking after seal opened."  Water
               samples look ok.

101-136        Deep theta-S plot of down/up shows upcast CTD data ok.
               Footnote CTD salinity acceptable.  Bottle salinity values
               are >0.0025 lower than CTD salinity values on most of this
               cast. Bottle values lower in value to adjacent stations
               also, especially in deeper bottles. No analyst's notes,
               Autosal log looks OK.  There may have been some unknown,
               systematic error in Autosal readings. Footnote all
               salinities questionable.


STATION 593

130-101        CTD Processor: "bottle salts avg 0.0015 low compared to CTD
               cast & nearby stas."  Flag all salts questionable - no
               analytical problems noted.

122            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated/valve leaked when
               opened."  Nutrients and oxygen samples look ok.  See 130-101
               salinity comment.


STATION 594

133            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok,
               near surface.

132            Sample log: "Vent not closed tightly".  Water samples look
               ok, in mixed layer.

119            Sample log: "O2 bottle 643 has bubbles."  Bottle o2 agrees
               well with CTDOXY at 658db.

113            Delta-S at 1362db is -0.0226.  Autosal run ok. High
               gradient, CTD T inversion.  Salinity is acceptable.


STATION 595

133            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after venting,
               (profusely!)." Water samples look ok for surface sample.

122            Sample log: "Flowed from spigot prior to venting."  Water
               samples look ok.  Average gradient for this level.


STATION 596

134            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.12 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 18-40 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

133            Sample log: "Drip after venting at base plug."  Water
               samples look ok for surface.

130            Delta-S at 105db is -0.0281.  High delta-S, but in a high
               salinity gradient. Salinity value OK.

126            Sample log: "Has a drip from bottom plug."  Water samples
               look ok.


103            Delta-S is -0.0022 at 3236db.  Salinity a little low
               compared to CTD value and adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 597

Cast 1         Multiple CTD conductivity dropouts during upcast. Bottle
               salinity was compared to CTD salinity at trip time and
               appropriate code was assigned to questionable values.

132            CTD processor notes CTD signal dropout at trip time.
               Footnote CTD salinity questionable.  No CTDOXY reported
               because CTD salinity coded questionable.

131            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to bottles."
               Footnote 12-40 db CTDOXY questionable.

128            CTD processor notes CTD signal dropout at trip time.
               Footnote CTD salinity questionable.  No CTDOXY reported
               because CTD salinity coded questionable.

126            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring" High Delta-S at 129db. Autosal
               run ok. Other water samples ok. High gradient and inversion
               on CTD S.

122            Sample log: "Leaks @ vent valve" Water samples look ok.

120            CTD processor notes CTD signal dropout at trip time.
               Footnote CTD salinity questionable.  No CTDOXY reported
               because CTD salinity coded questionable.

118            Sample log: "Leaks @ vent valve".  Delta-S 0.0039 high at
               707db.  Bottle oxygen has normal gradient agreeing with
               CTDOXY but nutrients have same value as 19, at level above.
               Possibly water sample ok but dupe draw on nutrients.
               Adjacent stations have normal gradient for nutrients also.
               Footnote nutrients questionable.

112            Sample log: "Leaks thru spigot."  Water samples look ok.

108            Delta-S at 2118db is 0.0029.  Autosal run OK.  CTD processor
               notes CTD signal dropout at trip time.  Footnote CTD
               salinity questionable.  No CTDOXY reported because CTD
               salinity is coded questionable.

106            Delta-S at 2523db is 0.0056.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Careful examination shows CTD signal OK at trip
               time.  Footnote bottle salinity questionable.


STATION 598

134            Sample log: "Top o-ring not set."  Water samples look ok.

133            Sample log: "Leaks {through} bottom cap."  Water samples
               look ok.

107            CTD processor notes CTD signal dropout at trip time.
               Footnote CTD salinity questionable.  CTDO not reported
               because CTD salinity coded questionable.


STATION 599

131            Delta-S at 30db is -0.0268.  Salt analysis ok.  Surface salt
               gradient.

122            Sample log: "Flow before venting."  Delta-S 0.005 high at
               508db. Other samples also ok.

116            Delta-S at 1109db is -0.0153.  Same value as 17, above, but
               CTD has high gradient & inversion this level with 116
               salinity very similar to 117 level value.  Autosal run ok.
               Other water samples ok.  Salinity is acceptable.


115            Delta-S at 1209db is 0.0041.  Salt analysis ok.  CTS
               indicates slight gradients at this depth.

106            Sample log: "Flow before venting".  Delta-S at 2210db is
               0.0219.  Five Autosal runs to get agreement. Other samples
               ok at 2210db. Probably salt crystal contamination.  Footnote
               salinity bad, other parameters OK.


STATION 600

131            Sample log: "Tripped before surface." Used bottle 32 for
               surface.  No samples from bottle 31.

130-128        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy -0.10 to +0.15 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts; upcast noisy, but seems to rise
               through this area also."  Footnote 24-68 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

114            Oxygen appears low vs CTDOXY and adjacent stations; no
               notes.  See 114-108 PO4 comment.  Footnote O2 and PO4
               questionable.

114-108        PO4 appears up to 0.08 uM/L high compared to adjacent
               stations and p:n plots. Spikes on 109 & 116 chart peaks,
               otherwise peaks look ok. Analyst says spikes were air
               bubbles that were pinched out in the normal way. No reagent
               changes previous cast. PO4 values appear a little high from
               108 to near bottom but bottom sample back to normal compared
               to adjacent station and p:n values.  Footnote PO4
               questionable.

110            Delta-S 0.0026 high at 1507db. Autosal run ok.  High CTD S
               gradient & inversion this level.

103            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l compared to
               bottle/upcast/nearby casts."  Footnote 2906-2936 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 601

128-127        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.12 ml/l compared to bottles."
               Footnote 36-82 db CTDOXY questionable.

122            Salt sample mistakenly not drawn.

112            Delta-S at 1160db is 0.0059.  Salt sample ok.  Sample from
               area of minor gradients.  Similar structure in surrounding
               nearshore stations.


STATION 602

126            Sample log: Bottle leaks.  Surface water samples look ok.

124-123        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.12 ml/l compared to bottles."
               Footnote 30-84 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 603

124-122        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.12 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby casts."  Footnote 50-108 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

117            Oxygen data sheet shows 2 titrations for this sample.
               Adding both together gives good value, matching CTDOXY and
               adjacent stations.  Oxygen is acceptable after adjustment.

116-118        Nutrient data sheet: "No sample", but Ok per Sample log.
               Assume sampling error.

108            Sample log: Top end cap problem.  Water samples look ok.


STATION 604

125-124        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 4-28 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 605

122-121        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.15 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 34-76 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 606

118-117        CTD Processor: "surface ctdoxy looks ok after despike/offset
               (surface rawoxy values 15% higher than normal, rapidly
               dropping signal), but huge change over large area - so coded
               3."  Footnote 0-52 db CTDOXY questionable.

114            Delta-S at 103db is -0.0315. In steep salinity gradient,
               salinity value OK.


STATION 608

112-111        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.10 ml/l compared to
               bottles/upcast/nearby casts."  Footnote 14-50 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

103            Oxygen max here corresponds to nutrient minimum, but still
               higher than CTDOXY trace; no adjacent comparable stations,
               so code questionable. No analytical problems.  CTD
               Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.20 ml/l compared to bottle, not
               comparable to nearby casts.  Footnote 370-450 db CTDOXY and
               bottle O2 questionable.


STATION 609

111            Sample log: "Leaked from bottom after venting, reseated."
               Water samples look good at surface.


STATION 610

105            Sample log: "Drip from bottom o-ring."  Water samples look
               good at surface.


STATION 612

104            Sample log: Tag line hooked on no apparent opening.  High
               gradient, water samples look ok.


STATION 615

104            Oxygen data sheet: "Dosimat continued titrating passed end
               point. Had to power off to stop."  O2 sample lost.


STATION 616

127-126        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.15 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby casts."  Footnote 32-68 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

116            Oxygen looks low vs adjacent stations and nutrients and
               CTDO; no notes.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 617

124            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.04 to -0.10 compared to nearest
               4 casts' surface bottles; dnCTD matches because it was fit
               to this bottle."  124 Oxy only -.01 different from 123 which
               should be similar; no analytical notes - assume OK for now.


STATION 618

127            Oxygen: "jagged ep."  Looks OK vs other parameters &
               adjacent stations.  Footnote bottle oxygen ok.

118            Sample log: "Top o-ring not sealed."  Water samples look ok.

118-129        CTD Processor: "bottle-dnCTD diffcs (O2 and S) OK; down/up
               quite different/no code."

107            Delta-S at 1711db is 0.0045.  Salt data sheet: "salt cryst."
               Six Autosal runs to get agreement. Other water samples ok.
               Footnote salinity bad.

103            Delta-S at 2511db is 0.0069.  Three Autosal runs to get
               agreement. No notes. Other water samples ok. Same value as
               bottle 2 at level below. Possible dupe draw.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 619

228            Sample log: "Dripping @ bottom o-ring after venting."  Water
               samples look ok, in mixed layer.

217            Oxygen: "zig-zag ep."  Looks high vs station 618 & CTD
               trace.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 620

133            Sample log: "O-ring drip @ base."  Water samples look OK at
               surface.

127            Sample log: "O2 bubble during pickling."  Bottle oxygen 0.4
               ml/l low compared to down CTDOXY trace but up CTDOXY shows a
               0.4 ml/l low, 10db deep spike at this level.  Also CTD S up
               only feature this level.  O2 is acceptable.  CTDO looks
               high, see CTD Processor comments.

127-130        CTD Processor: "bottle-dnCTD diffcs (O2 and S) OK: down/up
               quite different/no code.  Bottle 127/132db looks especially
               low, but large O2/S feature on upCTD and bottle - so OK."

120            Sample log: "Dripping @ base, after opening."  Water samples
               look ok.

101-113        PO4 appears 0.03 uM/L to 0.05 uM/L high compared to adjacent
               stations & n:p plot.  Bubble spike between samples 113 and
               112 on AA chart.  Footnote PO4 questionable.


STATION 621

133            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom o-ring."  Water samples ok at
               surface.

133-131        CTD Processor: "large ctdoxy signal drop this area; improved
               after offset/despike, but ctdoxy still seems odd; noisy
               signal."  Footnote 0-58 db CTDOXY questionable.

125            Sample log: "May have tripped early based on temp."  Delta-S
               at 210db is -0.7901.  All water samples appear to be from
               around 3000db.  Footnote bottle did not trip correctly, all
               samples bad.


STATION 622

135-129        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy (+-0.10 to 0.30 ml/l compared to
               bottles, (+-0.10 ml/l compared to nearby casts; down-up
               ctdoxy generally resemble each other, and stas 620-623
               similar near surface; but ctdoxy very noisy, hard to
               identify true signal here."  Footnote 0-148 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

133            Sample log: "Leaks from the Bottom".  Water samples look ok,
               in mixed layer.


STATION 623

115            Sample log: "Lower end cap leak after venting, sealed with a
               twist."  Delta-S at 1259db is 0.0067.  High gradient.
               Autosal run ok.  Other water samples ok, oxygen minimum
               matches CTDO.  Salt consistent with u/c TS.

101            Delta-S at 3600db is 0.0026.  Autosal run ok. TS not
               consistent.  Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 624

Cast 1         CTD cond offset on d/c, filtered and calibrated.  Offset
               continues u/c, CTD cond trip values uncalibrated.

133            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom after venting."  Water samples
               look ok, in mixed layer.

133-124        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 to +0.25 ml/l compared to
               bottles."  Footnote 0-218 db CTDOXY questionable.

133-131        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 630-633 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629 and 634-637; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

130            Sample log: "Drip from bottom o-ring after venting."  Water
               samples look ok, in mixed layer.

101            Sample log: "Spigot pushed in."  Delta-S 0.002 high at
               3592db. Autosal run ok.  Somewhat of a gradient at bottom.
               All water samples look ok.


STATION 625

Cast 1         CTD processor notes multiple spikes in conductivity during
               upcast. Conductivity signal despiked at appropriate levels.

133            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom o-ring after venting - ran
               out after tritium." No nutrients, salinity or barium.
               Oxygen looks good at surface.  Footnote bottle leaking.

131-133        Bottle oxygen similar to station 624 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629; no analytical problems
               found, but seems to be related to analyst and time of day
               samples were collected. From an analytical standpoint looks
               OK, but may need further comparison with other gases.

128            CTD salinity value OK after despiking, footnote CTS
               despiked.

127            CTD salinity value OK after despiking, footnote CTS
               despiked.

111            Sample log: "Tripped in motion ~1600." Sampled O2,
               nutrients, salinity and barium.  Delta-S 0.003 low at
               1609db. High gradient. O2 agrees well with CTDOXY at oxygen
               minimum.

103-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.03 ml/l off at bottom 3
               bottles (upcast)."  Footnote 3100-3572 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

101            Delta-S 0.009 high at 3571db. Autosal run OK.  CTD S hook at
               bottom. Bottle salt agrees well with other bottle salts on
               T-S curve.  Numerous d/c & u/c cond offsets, d/c was
               filtered.  Footnote CTD salinity bad.  CTD salinity value OK
               after despiking, footnote CTS despiked.


STATION 626

136            Delta-S 0.03365 at 3db.  CTS spikes near surface.  Autosal
               run ok. Bottle salt matches other mixed layer salts and
               adjacent stations better than CTDS.  Footnote CTD salinity
               bad.  No CTDOXY reported because CTD salinity coded bad.

136-133        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 627-629 but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 624-625 and 630-633; no
               analytical problems found but seems to be related to analyst
               and time of day samples were collected. From an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.

135-132        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy -0.06 to -0.30 ml/l compared to
               upcast/bottles/nearby casts; very noisy signal, difficult to
               decipher true shape."  Footnote 0-76 db CTDOXY questionable.

134            Sample log: "Bottle 34 a replicate in case bottle 33
               leaked."

120            Sample log: Leak from bottom.  Water samples look ok.

114            Sample log: Leak from bottom.  High gradient & inversion.
               Water samples look ok.


STATION 627

128-130        Sample log: Top valve open, leak from bottom.  Water samples
               look ok, in mixed layer.

126-130        Bottle oxygen similar to adjacent stations but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 624-625 and 630-633; no
               analytical problems found but seems to be related to analyst
               and time of day samples were collected. From an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.

122            Sample log: "Bottom end cap not seated- leaked on venting."
               Water samples look ok.

109            Delta-S at 1665db is -0.005.  Autosal run ok.  High gradient
               and inversion.


STATION 628

125            Sample log: "Vent open?"  All samples look ok for surface.

123-125        Bottle oxygen similar to adjacent stations but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 624-625 and 630-633; no
               analytical problems found but seems to be related to analyst
               and time of day samples were collected. From an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.

101            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy/bottom bottle look high compared to
               nearby casts."  Footnote 2370-2372 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 629

114-116        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 626-628 but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 624-625 and 630-633; no
               analytical problems found but seems to be related to analyst
               and time of day samples were collected. From an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.


STATION 630

121-123        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 631-633 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629 and 634-637; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.


STATION 631

121-123        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 630, 632-633 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629 and 634-637; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.


STATION 632

122            Sample log: "Air leak, reseated top cap, ok."  Water samples
               look ok at surface.

119-122        Bottle oxygen similar to adjacent stations but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629 and 634-637; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

114            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.


STATION 633

123-126        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 630-632 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 626-629 and 634-637; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

122            Sample log: Air leak, reseated top end cap, OK.  Water
               samples look ok.

110            Sample log: Drips after O2 drawn.  Autosal run ok. Water
               samples look ok.


STATION 634

Cast 1         F1s high compared to adjacent stations.  Max no3 0.8uM/L
               lower than adjacent stations.  Max po4 0.06uM/L lower than
               adjacent stations.  Max sil 4.0uM/L higher than subsequent
               stations.  Assume standard preparation error. Used F1s from
               stations before and after which were very consistent.  New
               no3 values match adjacent stations.  New po4 values match
               adjacent stations.  Previous stations did not reach max,
               still in high gradient so no comparison. In area of high
               silicate and oxygen change so higher values probably good.
               New sil values 5.0uM/L higher than subsequent stations.
               Nutrients are acceptable after corrections.

122-123        Oxygen similar to stations 635-637 but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 630-633 and 638-639; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

108            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 compared to dnCTD; dnCTD
               matches nearby casts. but bottle OK: matches upCTD feature."
               Oxygen 0.10 higher than adjacent stas 633 & 635; 0.05 higher
               than adjacent sta 636; assume O2 value questionable.


STATION 635

128-123        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +-0.20 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts, too noisy to accurately determine true
               signal."  Footnote 0-120 db CTDOXY questionable.  Bottle
               oxygens similar to adjacent stations but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 630-633 and 638-639; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

127            Sample log: "Leak from bottom end cap - fixed."  Water
               samples look ok.

124            Sample log: "Leak from top end cap - fixed."  Water samples
               look ok.

122            Sample log: "Leak from top end cap - fixed."  Water samples
               look ok.  Oxygen max agrees with CTDO.

109            Salinity sample mistakenly not drawn.

104            Sample log: "Leak from bottom end cap - fixed."  Water
               samples look ok.


STATION 636

121-122        Bottle oxygens similar to adjacent stations but lower by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 630-633 and 638-639; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

106            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +.10 compared to dnCTD: probably
               flask typo (use Automated checking did not work on this
               level. Sample log sheet indicated this was flask 868.
               However, 868 was not used at any time during this
               expedition. Correct oxygen raw data file.

104            Delta-S at 2115db is 0.0223.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Same value as 103 at level below. Probable dupe
               draw.  Footnote salinity bad.


STATION 637

130-128        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 to -0.40 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby casts; too noisy to accurately determine true
               signal; up very different, no such drops."  Footnote 0-58 db
               CTDOXY questionable.  Bottle oxygens similar to stations
               634-636 but lower by 0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 630-633 and
               638-639; no analytical problems found but differences seem
               to be related to analyst and time of day samples were
               collected. Could be a coincidence since from an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.

107            Delta-S at 3009db is 0.0059.  Six Autosal runs to get
               agreement. Second accepted 2CR 0.00003 higher than first.
               Probable salt crystal contamination.  Inversion at this
               level in both down & up CTDS trace.  Bottle salt fits
               gradient well if no inversion.  Feature on CTD T trace this
               level.  Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 638

130-129        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to
               bottles/cast 2 - matches sta 637, but surface bottle oxygen
               jumps +0.10 ml/l between stas 637-638."  Footnote 0-66 db
               CTDOXY questionable.  Bottle oxygens similar to stations
               630-633 but higher by 0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 634-637
               and 640-641; no analytical problems found but differences
               seem to be related to analyst and time of day samples were
               collected. Could be a coincidence since from an analytical
               standpoint looks OK, but may need further comparison with
               other gases.

123            Sample log: "Tripped in motion."  Water samples look ok.
               Down CTD T differs from up CTD T.

120            Sample log: "Leak from bottom after venting, reseated, ok."
               Water samples look ok.

102-115        PO4 appear 0.005 uM/L to 0.010 uM/L high compared to
               adjacent stations and n:p values. Air bubble spikes on peak
               6 and between 3 & 2.  Peaks 15 and 2 both have imperfect
               shapes but no spikes.  Looks like same problem as Stations
               600 & 620.  Footnote PO4 questionable.

203            Bottle salinity a little low compared to CTD salinity and
               may be low compared to adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

201            O2 Over titrated, 1 ml KIO3 not enough, added 3 additional
               mls after overtitrate option and retitrated. Result appears
               0.05 ml/L low at 4836db compared to CTDOXY and adjacent
               stations.  Footnote O2 bad.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max.
               +0.04 ml/l at bottom compared to nearby deeper casts."
               Footnote 4650-4836 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 639

136-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts; too noisy to accurately determine true
               signal; up even noisier, no help."  Footnote 0-66 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

130-136        Bottle oxygen similar to stations 630-633 but higher by
               0.10-0.20ml/L than stations 634-637 and 640-641; no
               analytical problems found but differences seem to be related
               to analyst and time of day samples were collected. Could be
               a coincidence since from an analytical standpoint looks OK,
               but may need further comparison with other gases.

125            Salinity data sheet: "Salt bottle 25 empty."  OK per sample
               log, assume sampling error.

122            Sample log: Slight air leak, fixed.  Water samples look ok.

121            Sample log: Slight air leak.  Water samples look ok.  Down
               CTD T&S differ from up.

105            Delta-S at 4107db is 0.0036.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement. Second accepted 2CR 0.00001 lower than first so
               possibly not salt crystal. Smooth CTD traces.  CTD TS is
               consistent, no major gradient, no analytical problems noted.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Salinity a little low compared to CTD salinity and may be
               low compared to adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.


STATION 640

136            Delta-S at 3db is 0.0838.  Autosal run ok.  Heavy rain
               during station. High surface gradient on CTD S.

127            Sample log: "Very slow drip."  Water samples look ok.

124            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring leak."  Water samples look ok.

115            Sample log: "Leaking steady."  Water samples look ok.

110            Sample log: "Top o-ring not sealed."  Nutrient and salt
               samples ok.  Bottle oxygen appears 0.02 ml/L high compared
               to adjacent stations and CTDO. Titration ok, no other notes.
               Bottle and oxygen seem acceptable.

104            O2 Appears 0.02 high at 4667db. Titration ok. No notes.
               Smooth CTDOXY gradient. Same value as 103 below. Possible
               dupe draw.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 641

129            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.15 to -0.20 compared to
               dn/upCTD, nearby casts. rawO2-drop at up bottle stop isn't
               even enough to pull CTD trace near this bottle."  Agreed;
               Flag O2 questionable.

118            Sample log: "Top o-ring not sealed" Air leak?  Water samples
               look ok.

116            Delta-S at 2223db is -0.0032.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample
               from gradient area.  Overlays well with Sta. 632/633.

108            Bottle salinity a little low compared to CTD salinity and to
               bottle values at adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

103            O2 appears 0.015 high at 4760db. Reversing 101 and 103
               oxygen would give good smooth trace based on CTDOXY and
               adjacent stations. No notes or titration problems.  Other
               water samples have normal gradient.  Footnote O2
               questionable.

101            O2 appears 0.02 ml/L low at 5186db. Reversing 101 and 103
               oxygen would give good smooth trace based on CTDOXY and
               adjacent stations. No notes or titration problems.  Bottle
               Salinity a little low compared to CTD salinity and to bottle
               values at adjacent stations. Other deep bottle values look
               similarly low but within WOCE standards.  Footnote salinity
               and O2 questionable.


STATION 642

133            Oxygen: "jagged ep, OK."  Slightly high vs CTD trace &
               adjacent stations.  Footnote O2 questionable.

128            Sample log: "Vent already open."  Water samples look ok.

125            Sample log: "Dripping."  Water samples look ok.

124            Sample log: "Air leak."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Air leak."  Water samples look ok.

118            Sample log: "Air leak, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

116            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

115            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

110            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 643

136-133        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.13 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts, espec. top 36db; too noisy to
               accurately determine true signal; generally resembles
               upcast/nearby casts."  Footnote 0-88 db CTDOXY questionable.

136-135        Sample log: "O2 PRT started malfunctioning" Draw temps
               within 0.5 deg of expected temps based on adjacent stations.
               PRT repaired prior next station.  Oxygen is acceptable.

129            Sample log: Air leak, reseated top end cap, OK.  Water
               samples look ok.

123            Delta-S at 711db is -0.0101.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. CTD down trace has normal gradient.  CTD
               salinity is acceptable.

120            Delta-S at 1063db is 0.0045.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from
               gradient area.  Overlays well with Sta. 641/642.

118            Sample log: "Flow before venting, air leak?"  Water samples
               look ok.

115            Delta-S at 2024db is -0.0031.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from
               gradient area.  Overlays well with Sta. 641/642.

114            Delta-S at 2226db is -0.0026.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from
               gradient area.  Overlays well with Sta. 641/642.  Oxygen:
               "stir bubble ?."  Looks OK vs other parameters & adjacent
               stations.

109            Sample log: "Did not close @ base, 'hung up'."  Bottom end
               cap lanyard apparently hung up on bottle 8 lower hose clamp.
               Closed on deck before attempting to sample.  No samples.

108            Delta-S at 3430db is -0.0026.  Bottle salinity looks a
               little low compared to CTD and adjacent stations. Footnote
               Salinity questionable.

106            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.03 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 3762-4618 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

105            Sample log: "Did not trip." No confirm. No samples.  See 106
               CTD oxygen comment.

104            See 106 CTD oxygen comment.  Bottle O2 looks fine vs
               adjacent station 642; OK.  Bottle salinity looks a little
               low compared to CTD and adjacent stations.  Footnote CTD
               oxygen and bottle salinity questionable.

101            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.04 ml/l at bottom compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 5158-5202 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 644

136            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 matches well with nearby casts,
               dnCTD-O2 drops -0.07 at surface (but not upcast).  Drop on
               dnCTD density at surface, not seen on up.  Sta 645 has even
               larger surface drop at surface on dnCTD.  644 surface OK?"
               Bottle O2 looks OK; acceptable.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy
               shifts/-0.06 to -0.10 ml/l compared to bottles/nearby
               casts."  Footnote 0-42 db CTDOXY questionable.

133            CTD Processor: "bottle-dnCTD diffcs (O2 and S) OK: down/up
               quite different/no code."  Bottle O2 looks OK; acceptable.

110            Sample log: "Top end cap o-ring leaked" Air leak?  Water
               samples look ok.

108            O2 appears 0.03 ml/L high at 3750db. CTDOXY trace and other
               water samples have smooth gradient. Titration ok, no notes.
               Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 645

136            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -.28 to -.30 compared to nearest 4
               casts: OK, S/density also have weird drop ~top 22db, dn only
               and not up. Up density higher at surface vs dn, but S/O2 on
               dn/up match at surface (just not next 22db)."  No analytical
               problems noted; however looks way low so flag questionable.
               After further investigation by CTD processors, it was
               decided to leave as OK.

130-132        CTD Processor: "bottle-dnCTD diffcs (O2 and S) OK: down/up
               quite different/no code."  Bottle O2s look reasonable vs
               theta & adjacent stations.

126            Sample log: "vent may have been open."  Water samples look
               ok.

119            Salt not from this cast (salt log).  Footnote salinity bad.

103            Salt not from this cast (salt log).  Footnote salinity bad.


STATION 646

132            Sample log: "Dripping slowly from bottom."  Water samples
               look ok.

126            Sample log: "Vent not closed."  Water samples look ok.

118            Sample log: "Air leak @ top, not reseated."  Water samples
               look ok.

113-116        Delta-S is greater than  -0.0025. Bottle salinity a little
               low compared to CTD values and adjacent stations. Autosal
               run looks OK. Footnote salinity questionable.

107-110        Delta-S is greater than -0.0025. Bottle salinity a little
               low compared to CTD value but compared to adjacent stations
               looks OK.  Autosal run looks OK.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

105            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom end cap."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 647

132            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom" after air vent opened.
               Water samples look ok.

125            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom" after air vent opened.
               Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Air leak in top - mostly reseated."  Water
               samples look ok.

111-105        Salinity looks about 0.0022 low compared to CTD salinity.
               Station 648 looks similar.  Deep bottles on stations 647 and
               648 look low when compared to adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

107            Sample log: Kimwipe w/silicon dropped in bottle before cast.
               First freon from this bottle on Station 652.

107-102        CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.02 compared to dnCTD/nearby
               casts CTDs and bottles. Most salts were deleted in this area
               already. This problem is independent of an apparent + drift
               in deeper CTD signal."  These bottle O2s higher vs other
               parameters as well; No analytical problems noted; flag O2
               questionable.

103-102        Salinity looks about 0.0025 low compared to CTD salinity.
               Station 648 looks similar. Deep bottles on stations 647 and
               648 may be low when compared to adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 648

136            Sample log: Drip at base.  Water samples look ok.

134            Sample log: Drip at base.  Water samples look ok.

129            Sample log: Air leak @ top cap.  Water samples look ok.

124            Sample log: Air leak @ top, fixed.  Water samples look ok.

118            Sample log: Air leak @ top cap.  Water samples look ok.

108            Salinity looks 0.0036 low compared to CTD salinity.  Station
               647 looks similar.  Deep bottles on stations 647 and 648 may
               be low when compared to adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

107            Sample log: Kimwipe w/silicon grease dropped in this bottle
               between casts 646 & 647.

105            Delta-S at 4154db is -0.0032.  Compared to adjacent stations
               may be a little low. Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Properties indicate leak. No notes from sample log.  Delta-S
               at 4359db is -0.0419.  Samples from about 2000db.  Footnote
               bottle leaking and samples bad.  Delta-S is -0.042 and
               compared to adjacent stations is clearly off.

102            Salinity looks about 0.0022 low compared to CTD salinity.
               Station 647 looks similar.  Deep bottles on stations 647 and
               648 may be low when compared to other stations in this area.
               Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 649

136            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to
               bottle/previous cast; despiked low ctdoxy at start."
               Footnote 0-20 db CTDOXY questionable.

133            O2 appears 0.2 ml/L high at 67db. Titration ok.  All other
               samples and CTDOXY down & up indicate water well mixed at
               this level.  Footnote O2 questionable.

129            Sample log: Top end cap not sealed.  High gradient. Water
               samples look ok.

111            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 compared to dnCTD, but looks
               OK vs up and on theta-O2 plot with dnCTD."  Also looks OK vs
               Stn 648.


STATION 650

136            Strange color after acid added & stirred. End point no good.
               Apparently not enough acid added, possibly 2 ml NaI-NaOH
               added in error. Similar problem on Station 651, samples 114
               thru 131.  Footnote oxygen lost.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy
               max. -0.05 ml/l compared to nearby casts, no bottle oxygen
               here; despiked low ctdoxy at start."  Footnote 0-16 db
               CTDOXY questionable.

126            "No sample" per Nutrient data sheet. No note on sample log.
               Assume sampling error.

119            CTD oxy vs bottle oxy difference is about 0.10 ml/l. Value
               close to bottle 20 value; could be double draw on 20.
               Footnote O2 questionable.

109            Sample log: "Sample temp too warm, late closure?"  All nuts
               very low. Possible post-trip?  Delta-S, O2 and nuts are
               consistent with sample from 800-900db.  O2 ok. Analyst noted
               sample looked shallower.  O2 looks good at intended depth
               2723db as well as 900db where other water samples appear to
               be from.  Assume all water samples came from wrong depth.
               Footnote bottle did not trip correctly, all samples bad.

103            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.02-3 compared to dnCTD/nearby
               casts - currently not coded."  Compares with Stn 652
               however; acceptable.

102            Delta-S 0.0023 high at 4140db. Autosal run ok.  CTD
               Processor: "Bottle O2 compares well w/dnCTD and nearby
               casts."  O2 looks OK - code it '2'.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

101            O2 appears 0.03 ml/L low compared to CTDOXY but matches
               adjacent stations. Titration ok. Nutrients look ok.  If 102
               oxy ok then 101 oxy appears 0.03 ml/L high.  Titration ok.
               CTDOXY smooth at bottom. CTD Temp water changing between
               stations at bottom.  Footnote O2 questionable.  CTD
               Processor: "Bottle O2 +.04 compared to dnCTD/nearby casts.


STATION 651

135-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts.  Footnote 24-48 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

115-131        Required 2 ml H2SO4 to dissolve precipitate. May have been
               pickled with 2 ml NaI-NaOH. O2 sampler recalls some problem
               with pickling this station but not sure what happened.
               Samples requiring 2ml H2SO4 had precipitate level about
               twice as high at other samples after same settling time.  On
               station 666 drew duplicate samples on bottle 16. Pickled one
               with 2ml NaI-NaOH. Same symptoms as 114-131 this station.
               Footnote O2 questionable.  CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 all
               coded 3, used for fit anyways: worked better than using
               nearby casts' values for these pressures.  dnCTD seems to
               overlay well w/nearby casts at these pressures."  Looks OK
               vs CTDO; change to code '2'.

103-109        Other deep silicates appear 1.5 to 2.0 uM/L high compared
               adjacent stations. F1(end) obtained from one good peak and
               one usable but poor peak is higher than F1(beg) and F1s from
               adjacent stations so using adjacent F1s would give even
               higher silicates.  Sil temp went up fro 24.4 to 26.5 deg C
               during run.  Footnote SiO3 questionable.

101            PO4 appears 0.04 high at 4340db(bottom sample) compared to
               adjacent stations and n:p plot. Peak ok.  Footnote PO4
               questionable.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l
               compared to bottom bottle/nearby casts."  Footnote 4200-4340
               db CTDOXY questionable.

101-102        Nutrient data sheet:"Sil peaks from Sample 1 - SWs look bad
               - air was being sucked in through SnCl2 line. The level in
               the reservoir was low enough that the draw tube drew air
               during big ship rolls."  Footnote SiO3 questionable.


STATION 652

136-134        CTD Processor: "high raw ctdoxy at surface, extensive
               despiking; noisy signal, uncertain of true shape through
               this area; may be ok now?  same shape as upcast and overlays
               well with nearby casts."  Footnote 0-64 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

127            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

126            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after venting,
               reseated, ok."  Water samples look ok.

124            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 653

124            Sample log: "Air leak" reseated top cap, ok.  Water samples
               look ok.


STATION 654

123            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to nearby
               casts (no bottle); not seen on upcast."  Footnote 34-56 db
               CTDOXY questionable.

122            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting, reseated,
               ok."  Water samples look ok.

118            Sample log: "Air leak, reseated top cap, OK."  Water samples
               look ok.

114            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

110            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

108            Delta-S 0.0034 high at 1011db. Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Normal CTD S gradient.

107            Delta-S at 1110db is 0.007.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Normal CTD S gradient, CTD T bump.


STATION 655

122            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.02 compared to surface bottles
               on 4 nearby stas (2 before/2 after).  dnCTD matches because
               it was fit to this bottle."  Bottle Oxygens on these stas
               (653,654,655,656,657) correlate with nutrients, assume OK.

121            Sample log: Bottom leak (after vented), reseated, ok.  Water
               samples look ok, in mixed layer.


STATION 658

117            Nutrient data sheet:"No sample" Nutrient draw ok per Sample
               log. Assume drawing error.

101            Sample log:"Bottle No 1 was not closed"?? O2, CO2, nutrients
               & salt were sampled, but no freon. Assume leak.  Delta-S
               0.0025 high at 960db. Other water samples look ok.  High
               gradient then hook at bottom on CTD T&S. Autosal run ok.


STATION 660

124            Sample log: "Dripping at bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok, in mixed layer.

121            Sample log: "Dripping at bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok, in mixed layer.

112            Delta-S at 506db is 0.012.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from
               gradient area.

106            Oxygen: "BAD STIR Bubbles."  High vs other parameters and
               CTD trace.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 662

110            Sample log: "Air leak, vent closed tightly."  Water samples
               look ok.

105            Oxygen data sheet:"accidentally abort when hit keyboard."
               Oxygen value lost.


STATION 663

122            Sample log: "Leak @ top cap."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 664

129            Delta-S 0.008 high at 66db. Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement. CTD and other water samples indicate surface well
               mixed to 100db. Possible salt crystal contamination.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

124            Sample log: "Slow leak from bottom cap before venting & top
               after venting."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

108            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.08 compared to dnCTD, nothing
               to compare to with nearby casts: this area changing too
               rapidly. Bottle O2 +0.02-3 compared to upCTD on prs-O2 plot,
               but looks fine on theta-O2 plot vs up, so likely OK."  No
               corresponding features in other parameters on this station
               vs theta; assume O2 questionable.


STATION 665

102-103        Delta-S is -0.002. Salinity values appear a little low
               compared to CTD values and adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 666

134            Delta-S 0.005 high at 48db. CTD T & S and other samples show
               surface well mixed to 60db. Six Autosal runs to get
               agreement. Possible salt crystal problem.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

128            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

125            Sample log: "Dripping slightly from bottom."  Water samples
               look ok.

119            Delta-S at 1012db is 0.0081.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement. Down T & S differ from up T & S but gradient and
               other salt sample in area match well. Possible salt crystal
               contamination.  Footnote salinity questionable.

116            Oxygen: "2XNaOH 2X acid."  Slightly high vs adjacent
               stations. Adding 2x NaOH will result in erroneous blank
               being applied to data (blank too small).  Footnote O2
               questionable.

115            Sample log: "Did not trip." No confirm. No samples.

112            Sample log: "Dripping slightly from bottom."  Water samples
               look ok.

105            Sample log:"Dripping from bottom, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok.

104            PO4 appears 0.03 uM/L high at 3540db. NO3, SIL and other
               water samples ok. Peak good but definitely high.  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.


STATION 667

136            Sample log: "Dripping @ base."  All water samples look good
               at surface.

122            Sample log: Drip, reseated.  Delta-S at 697db is 0.0242.
               Autosal run ok. Other water samples have slight bump this
               level not shown on CTD T, S or O2, Up trace slightly
               different from down, but adjacent T&S level follow up trace
               well.  Footnote bottle leaking, all bottle samples bad.

119            Sample log: "NaOH/NaI dispenser drawing air, cleaned and
               redrew oxygen from bottle." Oxygen value looks 0.1 ml/l high
               compared to CTD value and adjacent stations.  Footnote
               oxygen questionable.

111            Sample log: Slight air leak, fixed via top cap adjustment.
               Water samples look ok.


STATION 668

136            Sample log: Reversing therm lanyard in bottle 36.  Delta-S
               0.006 high at 7db. Four Autosal runs to get agreement. Other
               water samples look ok at surface of mixed layer. Possible
               salt crystal contamination.  Footnote salinity questionable.

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy shifts/max. -0.10 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 0-44 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

130            Sample log: Opened slightly at surface, hooked lanyard
               during recovery.  Water samples look ok.

129            Sample log: "Top cap loose", air leak?  Water samples look
               ok.

126-131        CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 vs dnCTD diffcs OK: down/up quite
               different/no code."

123-128        CTD Processor: "Bottle salt vs dnCTD diffcs OK: down/up
               quite different/no code."

122            Sample log: Leaks.  Delta-S 0.0187 high at 657db. Autosal
               run ok.  Smooth CTD gradient.  Slight bump in other samples
               similar to bottle 22 on previous station.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, all samples bad.

118-121        CTD Processor: "Bottle salt vs dnCTD diffcs OK: down/up
               quite different/no code."

116            Delta-S at 1399db is 0.0061.  Six Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Other water samples look ok, o2 matches CTDO.
               High gradient on all samples. Possible salt crystal
               contamination.  Footnote salinity questionable.

114            Delta-S at 1732db is 0.0107.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Other water samples OK. O2 minimum matches CTDO.
               High but smooth CTD gradient, footnote salinity
               questionable.

113            Delta-S at 1907db is 0.0047.  Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Other water samples ok. CTD S down differs from
               up.  Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Sample log: Slight leak.  Water samples look ok.

101            Delta-S is 0.0024 psu. Salinity value a little high compared
               to CTD value and station 667.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.  CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.04 compared to
               dnCTD/nearby casts; bottle salt is coded 3.  No
               corresponding feature in other parameters (nutrients).  No
               analytical problems noted.  Assume O2 questionable.


STATION 669

131-130        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 0-104 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

122            Sample log: "Bottom leak."  Water samples look ok.

108            Delta-S at 2780db is 0.0027.  Autosal run ok.  CTD S max.
               Other samples look ok. CTDOXY max also.

104            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 compared to dnCTD/nearby
               casts; does not match upCTD either."  No analytical problems
               noted - assume suspicious.  Footnote O2 questionable.

103            CTD Processor: "Bottle salt -0.002 compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  No problems noted; looks OK vs Stns 667 & 669.

101            Delta-S 0.0019 high at 4203db. Three Autosal runs to get
               agreement. 2nd 2CR 0.00001 higher than 1st. Possible small
               salt crystal.  Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 670

127            Sample log: "Dripping slightly".  Water samples look ok.
               CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.60 ml/l compared to bottle
               after offset/despike; new ctdoxy sensor, signal cut-out at
               surface."  Footnote 0-100 db CTDOXY bad.

126-118        CTD Processor: "noisy ctdoxy signal, over 25 ea. 5-10db
               yoyos/stops in top 1180db; -0.30 ml/l ctdoxy drop at
               1012-1036db not seen on upcast/nearby casts."  Footnote
               102-1180 db CTDOXY questionable.

124            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom end cap before venting,
               reseated. Air leak also".  Water samples look ok.

123            Sample log: "Dripping slightly."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Air leak in bottom end cap."  Water samples
               look ok.

111            Sample log: "Air leak in top cap, reseated."  Water samples
               look ok.

104            Delta-S is 0.0023. Salinity value is a little high compared
               to CTD and adjacent stations.  Took 3 tries to get value on
               Autosal.  Footnote salinity questionable.

103            NO3 appears 0.3 uM/L low at 3840db. Peak ok but definitely
               low.  No corresponding feature in other bottle values or in
               NO3 values in adjacent stations. Footnote NO3 questionable.


STATION 671

129-128        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-102 db CTDOXY bad.

126            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting, reseated
               ok."  Water samples look ok.

105            Oxygen: "duplicate."  Value OK; this sample was a duplicate.

102            NO3 appears 0.3 uM/L low at 4211db. Poor peak but looks low.
               Footnote NO3 questionable.


STATION 672

131            Delta-S at 2db is 0.0252.  Autosal run ok. Bottle salt
               matches other mixed layer values. High surface gradient on
               CTD T & S.

131-130        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-90 db CTDOXY bad.

127-128        All nutrients from 153db & 204db show inversion not
               indicated on other properties this station or on adjacent
               station nutrients. Possibly samples drawn out of order. No
               notes.  Footnote nutrients questionable.

117            O2 appears 0.1 to 0.05 ml/l high at 1187db compared to CTDO
               and adjacent stations. Titration ok. No notes.  Footnote O2
               questionable.

104            Sample log: "Bottom end cap leaked."  Water samples look ok.

101            O2 appears 0.04 low at 4170db compared to adjacent stations
               but CTDO shows curve to lower oxygen at bottom. Titration
               ok.  No notes.  CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.03-4 compared
               to dnCTD/nearby bottle/CTD casts; small drop near bottom of
               dnCTD, but not as low as bottle."  No corresponding feature
               in other parameters. Assume O2 bad.


STATION 673

134-129        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-118 db CTDOXY bad.

126            Sample log: "Bottom leak."  Water samples also ok.

122            Sample log: "Bottom leak."  Water samples look ok.

107            O2 appears 0.04 high at 3036db per CTDO Scatter not apparent
               in other properties this station.  Footnote O2 questionable.

105            O2 not analyzed. Sample was drawn per Sample Log, and there
               are no notes from the analyst.  Footnote O2 lost.

103            O2 appears 0.05 ml/l high compared to CTDO.  Scatter not
               apparent in other properties this station.  Footnote O2
               questionable.  CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 coded 3, but looks
               OK vs dnCTD, considering noise level - looks better than
               code-2 bottles 109/110 (2626/2421db) O2s."  Change code to
               '2'.


STATION 674

132-131        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-76 db CTDOXY bad.

127            Sample log: "Slow leak on bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.


STATION 675

Cast 1         Rosette free fell onto cart with about 5 extra meters of
               wire paid out. No apparent damage but may be responsible for
               high number of bottle leaks on outboard side (bottles 22-29)

132-131        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-62 db CTDOXY bad.

129            Sample log: "Slight air leak in top cap."  Water samples
               look ok.

128            Bottom drip, reseated ok.  Water samples look ok.

126            Sample log: "Bottom drip after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

125            Bottom drip.  Water samples look ok.

123            Sample log: "Bottom drip, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

122            Sample log: "Air leak in top cap, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok.

114            Sample log: "Bottom drip after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

110            Sample log: "Air leak BIGTIME."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 676

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-42 db CTDOXY bad.

129            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom end cap, not fixed."  Water
               samples look ok.

127            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom end cap, fixed."  Water samples
               look ok.

105            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom end cap."  Water samples look ok.

104            PO4 appears 0.02 uM/L low at 4363db. Poor peak may have also
               contributed to slightly low value on 103 and low value on
               104.  Footnote PO4 questionable.

103            PO4 appears 0.02 uM/L low at 4618db. Peak fair but problem
               on 104 peak.  Footnote PO4 questionable.

102            PO4 appears 0.04 uM/L low at 4874db. Peak fair but problem
               on 104 peak.  Footnote PO4 questionable.

101            O2 appears 0.1 ml/L low at 5080db. Titration ok.  Nutrients
               look ok, delta-S is 0.000.  Possibly thio not rinsed off
               buret tip after flush.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 677

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-54 db CTDOXY bad.

131            Nutrient data sheet: "No sample." Ok per Sample log.  Assume
               drawing error.

114            Delta-S at 2422db is -0.1345.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Same value as 114 from Station 671, the last
               time this salt box was used. Probably bottle turned upright
               but not sampled this station.  Footnote salinity bad.

112            PO4 appears 0.03 uM/L high at 2832db. Peak good but
               definitely high. Footnote PO4 questionable NO3 appears 0.1
               uM/L low. Peak irregular but definitely low.  Footnote NO3
               questionable.

106            O2 appears 0.02 ml/L high at 4052db. Smooth CTDOXY trace.
               Titration ok. Other water samples ok with sil slightly low
               (1.0 uM/L) indicating high o2 may be ok.


STATION 678

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-88 db CTDOXY bad.

134            Sample log: "Major bottom drip after venting, reseated, ok."
               Delta-S 0.0196 low at 96db. High gradient, down CTD T&S
               differ from up. Other water samples ok in start of
               thermocline.  All bottle values OK.

125            Sample log: "Drip at bottom after venting."  Water samples
               look ok.

124            Sample log: "Bottom knocked after o2 draw."  Delta-S 0.004
               high at 863db. Nutrients also ok. CO2s sampled.

122            Sample log: "Slight air leak in top cap, reseated, ok."
               Water samples look ok.

110            Sample log: "Slight drip at bottom after venting."  Delta-S
               -0.0021 at 3346db. Other water samples also ok.

109            Sample log: "Slight drip at bottom after venting."  Delta-S
               -0.0023 at 3550db. Other water samples also ok.

107-110        Delta-S is a little greater than -0.002 psu. Overlays of
               salinity with adjacent stations also look low.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

105            Delta-S is -.0021. Overlays of salinity with adjacent
               stations also look low. Several deep bottle salinity values
               a little low; salinity run on Autosal looks OK. Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 679

133            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy ok compared to bottles after
               offset/despike, but odd shape in between; coded 4 because of
               huge change; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote 0-56 db
               CTDOXY bad.

124            Delta-S at 508db is -0.0116.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from
               strong gradient area.  Overlays well with adjacent stations.

123            Delta-S at 634db is -0.0101.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from
               strong gradient area.  Overlays well with adjacent stations.

122            Sample log: "Drip from bottom after venting."  Water samples
               look ok.

114            Delta-S at 2020db is -0.0026.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample
               from strong gradient area.  Overlays well with adjacent
               stations.

111            No confirm, not tripped.  No samples.

103            Sample log: "Leak from bottom after venting, reseated ok."
               Water samples except po4 look ok.  See 102 PO4 comment,
               footnote PO4 lost.

102            Nutrient data sheet: "Hydra draw tube popped out of its
               reservoir - caused PO4 to drop to baseline through samples
               1-3. Reran all 3 samples, but only achieved a peak for
               sample 1.  Samples 2 & 3 will have to be thrown away." 101
               PO4 looks ok.  Footnote PO4 lost.  Delta-S is -0.0022 psu.
               Salinity value a little low compared to CTD value. Footnote
               salinity questionable.


STATION 680

136-132        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.35 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-102 db CTDOXY bad.

131-129        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               104-170 db CTDOXY questionable.

130            Sample log: "Top o-ring air leak, reseated again."  Water
               samples look ok.

127            Sample log: "Leak @ base, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

122            Sample log: "Leak @ base, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

111            Sample log: "Dripping @ base."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 681

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-70 db CTDOXY bad.

133            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike, drop not seen on upcast."  Footnote 110-132
               db CTDOXY questionable.

122            Sample log: "Bottom leak on recovery(?)."  Delta-S at 995db
               is 0.0264.  Overlays with adjacent stations indicate oxygen
               and nutrient values are OK. Salinity high compared to CTD
               and adjacent stations; footnote salinity questionable.

119            Delta-S at 1335db is 0.0755.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Same value as 118 at level below. Probably dupe
               draw.  Footnote salinity bad.

116-113        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1700-2500 db CTDOXY questionable.

110-105        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 2950-4070 db CTDOXY questionable.

108            Delta-S at 3393db is -0.0053.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. Same value as 107 at level below. Possible dupe
               draw.  Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 682

136-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.40 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-118 db CTDOXY bad.

127            Delta-S at 757db is 0.0112.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples look ok in high gradient area, salinity acceptable.

126            No confirm first trip try. Tripped ok second try.

121            Delta-S 0.002 high at 1664db. Four Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  Other water samples look ok.  High gradient
               area, salinity acceptable.

114-111        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 2600-3500 db CTDOXY questionable.

108-109        CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.03 (bottle 108) or +0.03
               (bottle 109) compared to dnCTD, exact amount of diffc buried
               in CTD noise level: but one does not match up with pattern
               of other nearby bottles vs CTD (dn or up) on this cast.  Not
               comparable to nearby casts at this level.  Bottles 108/109
               O2 values within 0.01 of each other - dupe draw?"  O2 seems
               to match nutrients; lots of O2/nutrient structure stns 682 &
               683; don't think dupe draw.  Leave as qflg=2.

106            Delta-S 0.0021 high at 4359db. Other water samples look ok.
               Autosal run ok.  Same value as 107 salinity at level above.
               Possible dupe draw.  Footnote salinity questionable.

102            O2 titration problem. First try stopped just after start.
               Restarted and looked ok but unsure how much if any thio
               added at beginning.  Sample 1 had a similar problem, but
               lost screen on this sample and thio not recorded on computer
               file. Have 3 digit Dosimat value only.  Oxygen lost.


STATION 683

136            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy ok compared to bottles after
               offset/despike, coded 4 because of huge change; signal cut-
               out at surface."  Footnote 0-50 db CTDOXY bad.

128            Sample log: "Air leak in top."  Water samples look ok.

127            Sample log: "Air leak in top."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

121            Sample log: "Major airleak in top."  Water samples also ok.

114-113        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 2640-3150 db CTDOXY questionable.

105            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Water samples look
               ok other than PO4 0.02 high. PO4 peak poor, air spike.
               Footnote PO4 questionable.

102-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. drifts to +0.06 ml/l compared to
               bottom bottle after despike."  Footnote 5110-5242 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 684

136-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-90 db CTDOXY bad.

129            Sample log: "Air leak in top - not reseated."  Water samples
               look ok.

125            Sample log: "Dripping after venting, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

119-109        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.10+ ml/l compared to
               bottles after despike."  Footnote 1600-3850 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

111            NO3 appears 0.2 low at 3334db. Poor peak. Other samples ok.
               Footnote NO3 questionable.

105            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

102            O2 appears 0.02 high at 5077db. Titration ok. Other samples
               ok.  CTDO shows complex oxygen structure at this depth.
               Bottle oxygen value OK.


STATION 685

136-133        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15+ ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-84 db CTDOXY bad.

128            Sample log: "Leaks @ base, not fixed."  Water samples look
               ok.

123-120        CTD Processor: "Bottle O2s look off one level (too deep) vs
               upCTD, bottle 124/509db has same O2 value as bottle
               123/609db; test-fit of down with values shifted pulls in max
               ~400db much closer to bottles."  No analytical problems
               noted; however does look like Bottles 123 & 124 could be
               duplicates (no corresponding similarities in other
               parameters); flag O2 questionable.

118-112        CTD Processor: "Bottle O2s look off one level (too shallow)
               vs dnCTD shape, bottle 112/2517db O2 value within 0.01 of
               bottle 111/2717db O2 value; test-fit of up says maybe, maybe
               not - up features over this pressure range seem shallower by
               ~100db than down, but still not consistent with these
               bottles."  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.14 ml/l compared
               to bottles after despike."  Footnote 1250-2550 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

112-111        No analytical problems noted; however does look like Bottles
               111 & 112 could be duplicates (no corresponding similarities
               in other parameters).  flag 112-111 O2 questionable.

111            PO4 looks high vs other parameters; No corresponding feature
               in other parameters, especially no3; Peak shape OK but high;
               no analytical problems noted;

108            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.07 compared to dnCTD, also low
               compared to upCTD; overlays with 686, but none of other
               nearby bottles do - cast (including most bottles) seems to
               be mid-way transition between 683/4 and 686/7, doesn't match
               either."  No corresponding feature in other parameters; no
               analytical problems noted; flag O2 questionable.

106            Sample log: "Leaking @ base, reseated."  Water samples look
               ok.


STATION 686

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-82 db CTDOXY bad.

128            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

127            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

120-114        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1350-2678 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 687

136            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.06 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-58 db CTDOXY bad.

130            Not run on Autosal, drawn ok per Sample log, no notes.
               Other samples ok. Footnote salinity lost.

122            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

121-109        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1700-4100 db CTDOXY questionable.

114            CTD Processor: "Bottle 14 O2 +.10 compared to dnCTD/upCTD,
               nearby bottles; lies on 688 bottle trace, but rest of Bottle
               O2s match up with sta 686 in this vicinity. CTD fit is high,
               but smooth and shaped like bottles this area, dn or up -
               this one Bottle O2 does not line up."

113-114        Oxygen 113 & 114 switched? Switching these values looks
               better. However, no hard evidence to switch samples; leave
               as is and code O2 questionable.

103            O2 appears 0.09 high at 5035db compared to adjacent station
               and CTDO.  Titration OK, no notes. Delta-S 0.001 high but
               bottle salt same as levels above and below. Nutrients also
               OK.  Footnote O2 questionable.


STATION 688

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-58 db CTDOXY bad.

128            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after venting, reseated,
               ok."  Water samples look ok.

125            Sample log: "Dripping after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

123            No confirm first trip try. Tripped ok second try.

122            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom after venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

121-116        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1400-2600 db CTDOXY questionable.

112-109        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 3100-3950 db CTDOXY questionable.

110            Sample log: "Air leak, reseated top cap, ok."  Water samples
               look ok.


STATION 689

136-135        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-60 db CTDOXY bad.

135            Delta-S at 58db is 0.0375.  In high salinity gradient. Value
               OK.

130            Sample log: "Bottom drip, reseated, partially successful."
               Water samples look ok.

127            Sample log: "Bottom drip, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

119-115        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.12 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1600-2650 db CTDOXY questionable.

113            Oxygen: "ragged ep."  Possibly low by .05 vs CTD but no
               worse than 111 which is also slightly low. Qflg=2.

112            Sample log: "Bottom drip, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

109            Sample log: "Bottom drip, reseated, ok."  Water samples look
               ok.

101            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.05 ml/l compared to bottom
               bottle after despike."  Footnote 5236-5290 db CTDOXY
               questionable.


STATION 690

Cast 1         All nutrients appear low compared to adjacent stations and
               deep check sample 9999. Possible working standard
               measurement error.  PO4 & SIL temperatures for 690 were
               closer to 691 temperatures than 689 temperatures.  Used F1s
               from 691 for 690. NO3 & PO4 agree much better with both 689
               & 691. SIL agrees with 691. Definite SIL change between 689
               and 691. Nutrient values acceptable.

136-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.08 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-54 db CTDOXY bad.

117-113        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.18 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1500-2500 db CTDOXY questionable.

111-107        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.08 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 2800-4000 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 691

117-114        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.06 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-38 db CTDOXY bad.

106            Delta-S at 859db is 0.0152.  Autosal run ok. CTD S spike on
               up trace. Bottle salt & other water samples ok.  Footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  CTDO not reported because CTD salinity
               coded bad.

102-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1350-2750 db CTDOXY questionable.

136-131        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1350-2750 db CTDOXY questionable.

134            Sample log: "leaks from the bottom".  Water samples look ok.

122-120        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 4236-4820 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 692

129-128        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.23 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-90 db CTDOXY bad.

127            Sample log: "Slight bottom leak."  High gradient, inversion,
               down T&S differ from up trace. Water samples look ok.

126-125        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.10 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 114-240 db CTDOXY questionable.

125            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom."  Water samples look ok.

116-108        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1182-2500 db CTDOXY questionable.

131-128        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.14 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 4886-5094 db CTDOXY bad.


STATION 693

128            Sample log: "slight leak after venting, reseated to drip."
               Water samples look ok.

127-123        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 48-280 db CTDOXY questionable.

125            Sample log: "Dripping after venting, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok.

112-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1450-4000 db CTDOXY questionable.

105            High vs other parameters and adjacent stations.  O2 is
               questionable.

105-106        CTD Processor: "On closer inspection, overlays with nearby
               casts show problem may be bottles 105/106 O2s are +0.05 vs
               bottle O2s on stas 692/694.  CTD not real helpful here -
               signal only getting worse, going by bottle overlays and CTD
               shape."

104            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.05 compared to nearby bottles,
               no such drop/shape on dn or up CTD."  Looks like problem
               with 105 vs other parameters.  See below. 104 OK.

136            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1450-4000 db CTDOXY questionable.

134            Sample log: "Dripping after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

133-132        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 4250-4650 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 694

134-131        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; Footnote 0-70 db CTDOXY bad.

129            Sample log: "Vent not closed."  Water samples look good at
               start of thermocline. Near salinity max.

127            Sample log: "Dripping @ bottom."  Water samples look ok.

114-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1500-4206 db CTDOXY questionable.

111            Delta-S at 2215db is 0.0038.  Bottle salinity value high
               compared to CTD and adjacent stations. Four tries on Autosal
               to get value. Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 695

136-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-90 db CTDOXY bad.

118-105        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1400-4222 db CTDOXY questionable.

112            Delta-S at 2629db is 0.0025.  Bottle salinity a little
               higher than CTD value and adjacent stations.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

110            Sample log: "Top not sealed, fixed it."  Water samples look
               ok.


STATION 696

131            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.22 ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-50 db CTDOXY bad.

115-104        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.13 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1450-3500 db CTDOXY questionable.

107            Delta-S at 2764db is 0.0026.  Bottle salinity higher than
               CTD value and station 697 but lower than station 695.
               Autosal run OK.  Footnote salinity questionable.


STATION 697

135-133        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.40+ ml/l compared to bottles
               after offset/despike; signal cut-out at surface."  Footnote
               0-96 db CTDOXY bad.

116-101        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. (+-0.15 ml/l compared to bottles
               after despike."  Footnote 1386-4208 db CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 698

131            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom after venting."  Water samples
               look ok, at surface.  CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l
               compared to bottle/nearby cast."  Footnote 0-50 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

129            Flask broken during second shake. No titration.  Oxygen
               lost.

125            Sample log: "Slight drip after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

121            Sample log: "Leak @ bottom after venting, slowed to drip
               after reseating."  Water samples look ok.

109            Sample log: "Lanyard from 8 caught in top - air leak."
               Delta-S at 2828db is 0.0545.  Autosal run ok.  O2 0.06 ml/L
               NO3 2.7 uM/L low.  PO4 0.18 uM/L low.  SiO3 16 uM/L low.
               Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.


STATION 699

131            Sample log: "Drip @ base."  Water samples look ok, at
               surface.

118            Sample log: "Air leak in top cap, reseated ok."  Delta-S at
               1057db is 0.0075.  3 Autosal runs to get agreement.  Other
               water samples look ok. At salinity minimum.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

110            Sample log: "Air leak in top cap, reseated, ok."  Delta-S
               0.002 high at 2523db. 3 Autosal runs to get agreement.
               Other water samples ok. At deep salinity maximum.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

102            Delta-S is -0.0021 psu. Salinity value is a little low
               compared to CTD and adjacent stations. Footnote salinity
               questionable.


STATION 700

135-134        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote 0-70 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

127            Sample log: "Slight air leak, fixed."  Water samples look
               ok.

118            Sample log: "Slight leak, fixed."  Water samples look ok.

113            Delta-S 0.0025 high. Autosal run ok. Value a little higher
               than CTD salinity and adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

110            Sample log: "Slight air leak, fixed."  Delta-S at 2525db is
               0.0029.  Water samples look ok at salinity max. Bottle
               salinity questionable.

108            Delta-S at 2927db is 0.003.  Autosal run ok.  Other water
               samples look ok just below CTD Salinity max.  Same value as
               both levels above at salinity max.  Possible dupe draw.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

105            Delta-S 0.0021 high. Autosal run ok.  Value a little higher
               than CTD salinity and adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.


STATION 701

121            Sample log: Leak @ bottom.  Water samples look ok.

120            Delta-S at 761db is -0.1738.  Other water samples ok.
               Autosal run ok. Same value as bottle 19 at level below.
               Assume dupe draw from bottle 19.  Footnote salinity bad.

118            Sample log: "Top end cap not set."  Water samples look ok.

104            Delta-S is -0.0021. Salinity a little low compared to CTD
               and adjacent stations. Footnote salinity questionable.  CTD
               Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 compared to dnCTD, not much
               different compared to upCTD.  Bottle O2 overlays sta 700
               CTD/bottles, but bottles/CTD for sta 701 match 702 below
               3700db/1.3 theta - both much lower than 700."  Slight
               depression in nutrients at this level, corresponds to higher
               O2; leave as acceptable.

101-132        Deep PO4 0.10 uM/L lower than previous stations and 0.05
               uM/L lower than subsequent stations after discontinued
               surfactant in hydrazine prior this station.  No change in
               NO3 between 700 & 701. Possibly Sta 700 PO4s have the worst
               problem because 700 Redfield ratio lower than any adjacent
               stations.  Adjusting Base(E) for Stns 695-700, looks better;
               code po4 '2'


STATION 702

134            Sample log: "Leaked after venting, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok, at surface.

127            Sample log: "Leak from bottom on deck."  Water samples look
               ok, in high gradient.

126            Sample log: "Leaked after venting, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok, in high gradient.

118            Sample log: "Air leak from top cap, reseated."  Water
               samples look ok, at oxygen min, PO4,NO3 max.

115            Sample log: "Dripping after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.  Oxygen: "ragged ep."  Looks OK vs other parameters &
               adjacent stations.

101            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 looks high, although dnCTD
               matches: looks more like dnCTD drifted up at bottom 2db
               during stop and happens to match.  Bottle O2 looks OK vs
               upCTD, which has no sharp rise at bottom.  Bottle O2 also
               overlays sta 701 bottle O2 and dnCTD."  Oxygen Log: "ragged
               ep."  Oxygen analyst: Looks high by ~.07 ml/L vs adjacent
               stations.  No corresponding feature in other parameters.  No
               notes of any analytical problems.  Footnote bottle O2
               questionable.


STATION 703

129            Sample log: "Slight top end cap air leak."  Water samples
               ok.

127            Sample log: "Dripping from bottom after drawing started."
               Water samples ok. High gradient.

123            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."  Water samples
               ok.


STATION 704

136-133        CTD Processor: "ctdoxy jagged and noisy throughout surface
               area, not seen on upcast."  Footnote 0-122 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

127            Sample log: "Drip at bottom cap."  Water samples look ok.

122            Sample log: "Very slow air leak before venting."  Water
               samples look ok.

105            Sample log: "Drip @ bottom cap."  Water samples look ok.


STATION 705

110-116        PO4 appears 0.05 low compared to adjacent stations with high
               Redfield ratios. Other water samples compare well this area.
               Peaks look ok, 116 definitely lower that 117 and 110
               definitely lower than 109.  Footnote PO4 questionable.


STATION 706

134            Delta-S at 107db is 0.0315.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from
               strong gradient area.

112-113        Delta-S is about 0.0025, but salinity profile shows many
               complex salinity structures at this depth. Salinity OK.

110            Sample log: "Top end cap not seated."  Nutrient and oxygen
               samples look ok.  At po4 max and near salinity max. Salinity
               same as 111.  Delta-S at 3078db is 0.003.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

101            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l compared to bottom
               bottle, not comparable to nearby casts, not seen on upcast,
               probably caused by bottom slowdown."  Footnote 4814-4832 db
               CTDOXY questionable.


STATION 707

136            CTD Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.20 ml/l compared to nearest
               bottles, not seen on upcast."  Footnote 0-34 db CTDOXY
               questionable.

128            Oxygen value about 0.2 ml/l high compared to CTD oxygen and
               adjacent stations. Footnote oxygen questionable.

122            Delta-S at 1008db is 0.004.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from
               gradient/feature area.

120            Sample log: "Air leak in top cap, reseated, ok."  Water
               samples look ok.

119            Sample log: "Slight drip after venting."  Water samples look
               ok.

114            Oxygen Lost during titration.

108            Delta-S 0.004 at 3637db. Other water samples ok. Three
               Autosal runs to get agreement. Normal CTD gradient. Same
               value as level above, so possible dupe draw or bad run or
               both.  Footnote salinity bad.



-----------------------------------------------------------------------  

4. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Observations 

               Jules Hummon
               Peter Hacker and Eric Firing
               University of Hawaii, SOEST
               1000 Pope Road, MSB 312
               Honolulu, HI   96822   USA

All data are to be considered preliminary at this time.
For information on the data contact:
     Firing:  808-956-7894; efiring@soest.hawaii.edu
     Hacker:  808-956-8689; hacker@soest.hawaii.edu
     Hummon:  808-956-7307; jules@soest.hawaii
     FAX:     808-956-4104



Ocean velocity observations were taken on the WHP Indian Ocean
Expedition lines I4, I5W, and I7C using two acoustic Doppler current
profiler (ADCP) systems and accurate navigation data.  The two systems
are the hull-mounted ADCP and a lowered ADCP mounted on the rosette
with the CTD.  The data were taken aboard the R/V KNORR from June 11,
1995 through July 11, 1995.  Both end ports of call were Port Louis,
Mauritius, with an intermediate port call in Durban, South Africa.  The
purpose of the observations was to document the upper ocean horizontal
velocity structure along the cruise track, and to measure vertical
profiles of the horizontal velocity components at the individual
hydrographic stations.  The observations provide absolute velocity
estimates including the ageostrophic component of the flow.  Figure 4.1
shows the cruise track and upper ocean currents measured by the
hull-mounted ADCP.

Figure 4.1.  Upper ocean currents along the ship track measured with
             the hull-mounted ADCP.

Preliminary results show flows of almost 2m/s in the Agulhas, and
1.4m/s southward at the southeast coast of Madagascar.

Hull-mounted ADCP

The hull-mounted ADCP is part of the ship's equipment aboard the
KNORR.  The ADCP is a 150 kHz unit manufactured by RD Instruments.  The
instrument pings about once per second, and for most of the cruise the
data were stored as 5-minute averages or ensembles.  The user-exit
program, ue4, receives and stores the ADCP data along with both the
P-code navigation data from the ship's Trimble receiver and the Ashtech
GPS receiver positions.  The P-code (military precision) data are used
as navigation for the ADCP processing.  Civilian quality GPS navigation
was used for most of the cruise (see "Naviagtion", below).  The ship
gyro provides heading information for vector averaging the ADCP data
over the 5-minute ensembles.  The user-exit program ue4 calculates and
stores the heading offset based on the difference between the heading
determination from the Ashtech receiver and from the ship gyro.

The thermistor in the ADCP was replaced at the beginning of the cruise
and now reads approximately .1C high.  The nominal "forward" beam of
the shipboard ADCP was mounted facing due aft, as it has been since
Columbo.  The ADCP transducer is mounted at a depth of about 5 meters
below the sea surface.  A preliminary comparison of ADCP thermistor
temperature to CTD temperature at 3m shows the ADCP is about .1C higher
than the flowthrough system and .03C higher than the CTD.

As setup parameters, we used a blanking interval of 4 meters, a
vertical pulse length of 16 meters, and a vertical bin size of 8
meters.  We used a 5 minute sampling interval for the entire cruise.
Bottom tracking was activated during the transit around the southern
tip of Madagascar.

 Final editing and calibration of the ADCP data has not yet been done.
For example, some spikes due to pinging off the CTD wire or rosette on
station are still present in the data.  A complete set of preliminary
plots was generated during the cruise.  The plots consist of:  vector
plots with velocity averaged over several depth intervals, and over one
hour in time; and contour plots of u (positive east) and v (positive
north) typically averaged over 0.1 degree of longitude or latitude,
depending on the track.  The velocity was measured from a depth of 21
meters to a depth of about 300 to 400 meters.  The depth to which
"good" data existed was 300-400m throughout the entire cruise.


Lowered ADCP

The second ADCP system is the lowered ADCP (LADCP), which was mounted
to the rosette system with the CTD.  The LADCP yields vertical profiles
of horizontal velocity components from near the ocean surface to near
the bottom.  The unit is a broadband, self-contained 150 kHz system
manufactured by RD Instruments, model BBCS 150, serial no. 1246.  We
used single ping ensembles.  Vertical shear of horizontal velocity was
obtained from each ping.  These shear estimates were vertically binned
and averaged for each cast.  By combining the measured velocity of the
ocean with respect to the instrument, the measured vertical shear, and
accurate shipboard navigation at the start and end of the station,
absolute velocity profiles are obtained (Fisher and Visbeck, 1993).
Depth is obtained by integrating the vertical velocity component; a
better estimate of the depth coordinate will be available after final
processing of the data together with the CTD profile data.  The
shipboard processing results in vertical profiles of u and v velocity
components, from a depth of 60 meters to near the ocean bottom in 20
meter intervals.  These data have been computer contoured to produce
preliminary plots for analysis and diagnosis.

CTD casts were made at stations 574-707.  LADCP casts were made at all
stations except 584, 610 and 611, which were too shallow.  On cast 623,
the LADCP turned off prematurely during the upcast due to a previously
noted instrument firmware problem.  The deep casts often have noise
problems below 3000 meters or so due to poor instrument range and
interference from the return of the previous ping.

Navigation

The ship used a Trimble P-code receiver for navigation, with data
coming in at once per second.  We have stored this once per second data
for the entire cruise, We also decimated this once per second data by a
factor of 10 to 10-second intervals and stored these processed files as
daily matlab files of latitude, longitude and time.

The Ashtech receiver uses a four antennae array to measure position and
attitude. The heading estimate was used with the gyro to provide a
heading correction for the ADCP ensembles.  The Ashtech data was stored
by the ADCP user-exit program along with the ADCP data.

Due to problems obtaining P-code navigation, only dithered Trimble GPS
was only available until Durban.  A different Trimble receiver was
shipped to Durban and installed there, giving us P-code navigation
between 6/22 when we left Durban, and 6/26 0000Z, when the "key"
obtaining the P-code ceased to function.  At approximately 1200Z the
newly installed Trimble stopped receiving navigation altogether and the
previous one was installed.  In summary, civilian quality GPS was used
for navigation during the entire cruise except for the first 3 days out
of Durban, covering one complete Agulhas crossing, during which time
P-code was used.


References

Fisher, J. and M. Visbeck, 1993; Deep velocity profiling with 
self-contained ADCPs; J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 764-773. 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.   Lagrangian instrument deployments
          Ray Peterson, SIO
          Russ Davis, SIO
          Wolfgang Krauss, IfM Kiel

Two types of Argos-tracked Lagrangian platforms were deployed during
the length of the cruise: 20 neutrally-buoyant ALACE (Autonomous
Lagrangian Circulation Explorer) floats, provided by R. Davis (SIO),
and 40 surface drifters drogued at 100-m depth with 10-m-long holey
socks, provided by W. Krauss (Institut fuer Meereskunde, Kiel).  The
ALACEs were ballasted to float at a nominal depth of 1000 m.  Of these,
12 were preset to rise to the surface every 26 days (dubbed "slow",
providing positional data only) and 8 were set to cycle every 15 days
(dubbed "fast", providing positional and temperature profile data).
The "fast" ALACEs were deployed mainly within the Agulhas Current along
line I5W.  Of the surface drifters, 7 were released east of Madagascar,
6 within the southern Mozambique Channel along line I4, 7 within the
Agulhas Current directly offshore Durban, 8 more within the Agulhas
Current along line I5W, and the remaining 12 along the eastern half of
line I5W (7) and along line I7C (5).  Positions of deployments are
listed below.

                  ALACE floats

 ALACE   Type     Date    Time  Lat (S)   Lon (E)
  s/n                      (Z)
  500    slow   06/14/95  0137  24 59.91  48 30.26
  501    slow   06/16/95  1822  24 40.02  41 59.89
  502    slow   06/17/95  1331  24 39.82  39 59.46
  447    fast   06/18/95  1022  24 40.06  37 45.12
  456    fast   06/18/95  2208  24 41.07  36 44.36
  370    fast   06/19/95  0635  24 39.93  35 59.66
  369    fast   06/22/95  2105  31 09.70  30 25.50
  518    fast   06/23/95  0235  31 14.57  30 32.68
  519    fast   06/23/95  0905  31 27.81  30 49.53
  516    fast   06/23/95  2321  31 50.65  31 23.52
  503    slow   06/24/95  1625  32 22.53  32 59.28
  517    fast   06/25/95  1118  32 53.98  34 59.86
  282    slow   06/25/95  2353  33 00.59  36 13.80
  239    slow   06/26/95  2337  31 01.46  37 29.82
  507    slow   06/28/95  1000  33 00.32  40 59.72
  506    slow   06/29/95  1610  33 00.41  43 02.71
  505    slow   06/30/95  1307  33 12.94  45 59.19
  504    slow   07/01/95  0731  33 29.90  47 59.63
  508    slow   07/06/95  0608  27 00.17  54 29.18
  498    slow   07/08/95  0635  23 38.59  54 31.67


     100-m drogued drifting buoys

Drifter   Date    Time  Lat (S)   Lon (E)
  s/n              (Z)
 15189  06/13/95  0801  24 59.98  50 06.30
 11345  06/13/95  2055  24 59.85  49 00.76
 21495  06/14/95  0650  25 00.05  48 00.04
 21523  06/14/95  1030  25 01.00  47 49.59
 21512  06/14/95  1350  25 01.72  47 38.44
 21503  06/14/95  1605  25 01.16  47 29.28
 21501  06/14/95  1735  25 00.36  47 27.58
 21494  06/17/95  1328  24 39.93  39 59.83
 21489  06/18/95  0400  24 10.53  38 30.06
 00598  06/18/95  1858  24 40.18  36 59.98
 21517  06/19/95  0401  24 39.59  36 14.32
 00593  06/19/95  1425  24 39.85  35 43.21
 21519  06/19/95  1658  24 40.02  35 29.24
 21522  06/22/95  0705  29 57.18  31 13.04
 21514  06/22/95  0756  30 04.18  31 20.73
 21505  06/22/95  0833  30 10.41  31 24.80
 21465  06/22/95  0901  30 14.49  31 27.74
 21521  06/22/95  0916  30 16.42  31 29.03
 21500  06/22/95  0932  30 18.42  31 30.33
 21508  06/22/95  0952  30 21.37  31 32.44
 21458  06/22/95  1830  31 07.41  30 22.37
 21504  06/22/95  2108  31 09.63  30 25.64
 21507  06/22/95  2354  31 11.94  30 29.41
 11322  06/23/95  0238  31 14.57  30 32.70
 21502  06/23/05  0542  31 17.80  30 35.90
 00625  06/23/95  0906  31 27.81  30 49.55
 21510  06/23/95  1604  31 34.99  30 59.43
 21520  06/23/95  2320  31 50.16  31 23.20
 21498  06/24/95  0724  32 03.78  32 03.81
 11342  06/24/95  1625  32 22.47  32 59.38
 21518  06/25/95  0125  32 36.80  33 47.43
 21496  06/25/95  1123  32 54.08  34 59.78
 04015  06/25/95  2355  33 00.50  36 13.80
 21469  06/26/95  2335  33 01.47  37 29.93
 21472  06/28/95  1003  33 00.30  40 49.66
 11323  07/05/95  1005  28 18.80  54 29.99
 21513  07/06/95  0610  27 00.54  54 28.97
 21511  07/07/95  0208  25 39.46  54 30.33
 04016  07/08/95  0155  23 58.96  54 31.39
 00661  07/08/95  2055  22 29.10  54 29.71

----------------------------------------------------------------------

6.   CFC Observations
                 Kevin Maillet (U.Miami / RSMAS) 
                 Steve Covey (U. Washington)

CFC samples were drawn on 105 of 134 stations. The total number of CFC
samples drawn was 1512 of which 33 were replicate samples and 3 were
not analyzed due to sample loss. Marine air measurements were made at
19 locations during the cruise. The average marine air CFC
concentrations measured was 266.60 ppt F-11 and 507.49 ppt F-12.

Along the I4 line, 5 stations were sampled east of Madagascar and
another 18 were sampled west of Madagascar. Measurable CFC-11
concentrations were seen to penetrate to around 1500 m. A subsurface
CFC maximum, indicative of Sub Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW), was
observed in the range of 200 - 400 m.

A total of 56 stations were sampled on the I5W line. Maximum CFC-11
penetration was 1500 m on the western end of the I5W line, increasing
to over 2000 m eastward into the western Madagascar Basin. Again, SAMW
was evident as a subsurface CFC maximum. Elevated concentrations of up
to 0.1 pmol/kg CFC-11 were observed in the bottom water of the western
slope of the Mozambique Basin, gradually decreasing eastward across the
basin. Bottom waters in the Madagascar Basin were generally less than
0.01 pmol/kg.  On the I7C line, 25 stations were sampled. CFC-11
penetration shoaled from 1500 m on the southern end of the line to
around 1000 m to the north. Slightly elevated concentrations (CFC-11 of
0.02 pmol/kg) were observed in the bottom waters between 27d S and 29d
S along the I7C line.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.   Shallow Helium / Tritium & Deep Helium 
          Scot Birdwhistell  WHOI
          Ralf Weppernig  LDEO

     On this group of legs I4w, I5w & I7c the shallow helium / tritium
and the deep heliums were sampled as a joint operation by WHOI and
LDEO.  S. Birdwhistell from WHOI and R. Weppernig from LDEO were the
people responsible for the  sampling and onboard processing of the
helium and the tritium samples.  They sampled 18 stations for shallow
(surface to 1500-1800m) helium/tritium and  a  total of 24 for deep
helium (1500-1800 to bottom). Station spacing was approximately 1.5 - 2
degrees of longitude on I4, 3 to 4 degrees of longitude on I5w and
approximately every 3 degrees of latitude on the I7c line except at
continental boundaries where the station spacing was reduced so as to
sample any boundary currents . On each station, approximately 16 helium
/tritium pairs were collected and processed, along with  16 deep
heliums. Deep heliums were also taken on the  I4 and I5w lines at
stations  which split the distance between the shallow stations .  A
total of approximately 670 heliums and 300 tritiums were taken and
processed on 24 of the stations.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

8.   C14 Sample Collection
          Tonalee Key
          Ocean Tracers Lab
          Princeton University

All C14 sample collection proposed for this leg of WOCE was completed.
In all, 15 stations were sampled producing 366 samples.

TABLE 1. C14 Samples Collected
Station  Number of Samples     Type of Sample
578       16        upper column
593       30        full column
599       32        full column
622       32        full column
628       16        upper column
638       32        full column
644       16        upper column
650       32        full column
660       16        upper column
666       32        full column
672       16        upper column
676       32        full column
684       16        upper column
694       32        full column
702       16        upper column
------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.   Underway pCO2 System
          Tonalee Key
          Ocean Tracers Lab
          Princeton University

Approximately 530 hours of air and surface water pCO2 values were
collected with the underway pCO2 system.  The system performed to
specifications except for one mechanical failure which resulted in the
loss of approximately 15 hours of data, however most of that was time
spent on station.  In addition, there was a loss of approximately 15
hours of data due to rough weather which caused the bow pump to air
lock.  Once again, most of this time was spent on station.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.  Total Carbon dioxide

          R. Wilke
          Brookhaven National Laboratory

     Samples for TCO2 were taken at all 134 stations occupied during
cruise legs I4, I5W and I7C. Full profiles were taken at 66 stations
while mixed layer (0-100meters) samples were taken at the rest. A total
of approximately 2050 discrete samples were analyzed.

     No significant problems were encountered with the instrumentation
during the cruise.  Certified Reference Materials (Batch 26) supplied
by Dr.Andrew Dickson of SIO were analyzed daily on each SOMMA
instrument. The combined CRM results from both SOMMA's are:

     Mean = 1976.46 uM/Kg Std. Dev. = 0.93 uM/Kg N = 79

This compares to a given CRM TCO2 value of:

     Mean = 1978.34 uM/Kg Std. Dev. = 0.67 uM/Kg N = 9

     Note that at the time the CRM's were shipped (March, 1995), SIO
had not yet conducted sufficient analyses to "Certify" the batch.  The
sample data are considered to be of high quality based upon the CRM
data and the analyses of duplicate pairs of samples. The difference ,in
TCO2, between the duplicates was:

     Mean = 0.38 uM/Kg Std. Dev. = 1.03 uM/Kg N = 200

     In general, all samples from a given station were analyzed on the
same instrument. On occasion, samples from one station were analyzed on
both instruments to facilitate sample throughput. In these cases,
duplicate samples were analyzed on both Somma's. The difference in TCO2
of these duplicates was:

        Mean = 0.17 uM/Kg
        Std. Dev. = 1.04 uM/Kg
        N = 12

     Upon cursory examination of the data, the TCO2 concentrations
follow the usual pattern of low values at the surface while increasing
with depth in the water column.  The lowest surface concentrations
(~1950 uM/Kg) were found in the vicinity of Station 584, off the
eastern shore of Madagascar. Low surface concentrations were also
observed at stations on the northern end of the I7C transect.  The
highest surface TCO2 concentrations (~2050uM/Kg) were found near and to
the east of the Madagascar Ridge around Stations 656-662.  The highest
TCO2 concentrations (~2300 uM/Kg) at depth were found in the Madagascar
Basin near Stations 680-700 at around 3000-3600 meters.

     The two most notable features of the TCO2 distribution were found
along the I5W transect. At the shoreward end of the transect, high TCO2
levels shoaled up onto the continental slope region from their typical
depth of greater than 1000 meters up to about 600 meters depth.  A band
of relatively low concentration TCO2 water (2200 uM/Kg vs. 2250 uM/Kg)
was apparent at Stations 611-650, both in the Natal Valley and the
Mozambique Basin, in a depth range of 2000-3500 meters. This seems to
be coincident with a high salinity water mass, perhaps, North Atlantic
Deep Water.  This feature is also evident between 2200-3200 meters
depth at stations 585-599 on transect I4.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

11.  Total alkalinity
          Ernie Lewis
          Brookhaven National Laboratory

	Total alkalinity is one of the measurable parameters of the CO2
system in the ocean and is determined by titrating the seawater sample
with HCl and fitting the resulting titration curve. Typical values for
the oceans are 2100 - 2400 micro-equivalents per kilogram of seawater.

	Samples were taken at all 134 stations occupied during I4, I5W,
and I7C. Two different cells were used to analyze the samples.
Normally, full profiles were taken at every other station, with samples
taken to cover the mixed layer only for the rest. A total of just over
2000 samples were analyzed. These include approximately 180 replicates
for quality control. In addition, around 75 CO2 Certified Reference
Materials of Batch 26 (supplied by Dr. Andrew Dickson of SIO) and 50
secondary standards were analyzed. The reference materials are not
certified for alkalinity, but are expected to be stable. The secondary
standards were surface seawater which was collected before each leg.

	For replicates which were run on the same cell, the mean
difference was between 4 and 5 micro-equiv/kg for each cell. The mean
difference for replicates run on both cells was zero, to within one
standard deviation of this difference. For the certified reference
materials, the mean values on both cells were within 1 micro-equiv/kg
of each other, with standard deviations 3 to 4 micro-equiv/kg. For
secondary (surface) standards, the mean values (which would be
different for each of the three legs) of the two cells agreed to within
one standard deviation of each other, which was in the range from 2 to
7 micro-equiv/kg.

	Of the more than 2000 samples analyzed, over 95% had
alkalinities in the range 2300-2400 micro-equiv/kg. Only about 3% had
values greater than 2400 micro-equiv/kg, and less than 1% were less
than 2300 micro-equiv/kg.  For a typical profile, the surface would
have a value of between 2300 and 2350, increasing (with depth) through
the mixed layer to 2350, decreasing to 2300 at 1000 m, and increasing
to around 2400 at a depth of around 3000 m.  For depths below this, the
values would remain almost constant or decrease slightly, often showing
signs of another increase around 5000 m.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

13.  Chlorophyll
          Alistair Hobday, SIO/UCSD

Chlorophyll sampling was undertaken as a side project by the observing
biologist.  Nine depths between the surface and 200m were sampled,
providing total chlorophyll for each depth, as well as an integrated
water column large cell fraction.  Between Madagascar and Africa, 24 of
26 stations were sampled, while on the southern leg, intense sampling
was carried out between stations 612 and 668.  From preliminary
comparisons between these two transects a major difference in upper
water column stratification is obvious. Stations on the northern
transect had a subsurface chlorophyll maximum, indicating a shallow
mixed layer, while on the southern leg, no such maximum occurred.
Chlorophyll was high throughout the deeper mixed layer. Nitrate,
temperature and stability measures (N^2), will be used in the complete
analysis to explore the observed chlorophyll patterns and the role of
upper ocean dynamics in producing such features.

--------------------------------------------------------------- 

14.  Barium
          Kelly Faulkner, Oregon State University

As an ancillary program to the WHP effort, samples were collected for
shoreside analysis of barium.  The collection was at the request of
Dr.  Kelly Faulkner of Oregon State University.  Dr. Faulkner's
sampling plan was to collect water from every bottle at alternate
stations.  However at cruise beginning a 50% shortfall of empty sample
containers to meet this requirement was identified.  A contingency plan
to collect water at each odd station, from each odd water sample bottle
was initiated and the lead scientist emailed for further instructions.
Receiving none, that plan stood for the leg; the exception being the
final stations where water was drawn from every bottle to round out the
chest of available sample containers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

15.  Underway sampling
          Michael Thacher, WHOI

The following sensors were installed and in use during I4.




				IMET SENSORS - R/V KNORR 
						
Sensor Type	      Module ID   Sensor Mfg.  Location	  Status	Comments	

Air Temperature		TMP 119	  Eaton Corp.	Tower	  OK		Installed 1/95	
Baromertric Pressure	BPR 118	  Air Inc.	Tower	  Needs Consts.	Installed 6/94	
Precipitation		PRC 113	  R.M. Young	Tower	  OK		Installed ?	
Relative Humidity	HRH 115	  Rotronic	Tower	  OK		Installed 6/94
Sea Surface Temperature	SST 108			Bow Dome  Noisy Data	Installed 6/94	
SW Radiation		SWR 003	  Eppley	Tower	  OK (?)	Installed ?	
Wind Speed/Direction	WND 004	  R.M. Young	Tower	  OK		Installed 4/95	
	

                                NAVIGATION SENSORS - R/V KNORR

Type	         Serial Number     Location	      Status	Manufacture	

Computer Time	        	  Science Chart Room	OK	  Bancomm			
Port MX200 GPS	     190315	  Ships Chart Room	OK	  Magnavox	
Stbd MX200 GPS	     190317	  Bridge		OK	  Magnavox	
P-Code GPS        4111000053	  Ships Chart Room Y-Code only	  Trimble Nav.			
Gyro		     1203	  IC Room		OK	  Sperry	 	
Speed log		          Bow Chamber       Questionable  EDO			
Sea Surface 
 Conductivity      1329-121591    Bow Chamber	        OK	  Falmouth Sci.			
 Temperature       1322-121591    Bow Chamber	        OK	  Falmouth Sci.			
12 KHz 
 Echo Sounder	     114-88	  Bow Chamber	        OK	  Ocean Data Equ.			




Data

The data was logged to ASCII text files, one containing ship
navigational information, and the other containing meteorological
information.  There were a few large gaps in the data during the
cruise.  Any gap longer than 15 minutes while under way, and any gap
longer than one hour while on station are listed below, with a short
explanation of each.  If only a subset of the data items are missing
for the period indicated, the missing items will be listed along with
the notes.  In the table below OS stands for on station, and UW stands
for under way.


Date	Start	Stop	Length	UW/OS	Notes (Including data affected)

06/22	07:26	07:53	27 min.	UW	P-Code installation [GPS_TP]
06/26	03:25	06:22	177min.	OS	Power reset needed [WND]
06/26	12:00	13:34	94 min.	OS	P-Code receiver replacement [GPS_TP]
06/26	15:13	15:31	18 min.	UW	Data Logging Computer Failure [all data]
06/27	11:54	12:34	40 min.	UW	Data Logging Computer Failure [all data]
06/27	17:47	18:06	19 min.	UW	Power reset needed [WND]
06/30	10:20	10:38	18 min.	UW	P-Code testing [GPS_TP]
07/07	08:27	09:29	62 min.	UW	Data Logging Computer Failure [all data]

Note:	No data logged during port stop Durban:  
        06/21, 06:22 GMT to 06/22, 05:56 GMT


------------------------------------------------------------------------


end of report


31 March 2000
>> revised 15 May 2000 - documentation ONLY, not data files
>> 	fixed minor errors and added pdf version

>>FINAL quality-coded WHP-format CTDO Data release for WOCE95-I4/I5W/I7C

The file named i4ctd.tar.Z contains the files listed below,
which were tarred and compressed for easier transmission via ftp.
To expand these files into the directory "./i4ctd", use the
following UNIX command:

	uncompress -c i4ctd.tar.Z | tar xvpf -

The file named "i4ctd.zip" was created with the UNIX zip utility
for the benefit of PC users.  The data can be expanded into the
directory "./i4ctd" using "unzip" or "pkunzip" utilities.
Note that pkunzip 2.04g/unzip 5.0p1 (or later versions) must be
used to extract files produced by pkzip 2.04 or zip 2.0.1.  Earlier
versions are not compatible.

CONTENTS of the directory ./i4ctd (approximately 18.8 Mbytes
expanded; 6.5 Mbytes of this are documentation):

  README.ctd	comments regarding data release and documentation
  DOC		final ODF processing documentation directory
  i4i5wi7c.sum	WOCE-format station-cast description file (ODF version)
		   (a more up-to-date version may be available from the P.I.)
  ssscc.ctd	stations 574-707 ctd data files: 136 total casts
		   (sss = station number    cc = cast number)

The documentation is dated 31 March 2000 to match the date CTD
PTCO data were finalized.  The complete document is in DOC/i4doc.ps,
DOC/i4doc.pdf or DOC/i4doc.asc.  The files in DOC with a ".ps" suffix
can be printed out on a postscript printer.  The files in DOC with a
".pdf" suffix can be printed out using Adobe Acrobat Reader, freely
available at the following website:
	http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html
The postscript and pdf versions have also been broken down into parts,
as listed below, for those desiring only one section of the document:

   ascii documentation:
        DOC/i4doc.asc   entire document, minus figures

   postscript/pdf documentation ("sfx" = .ps or .pdf):
        DOC/i4doc.sfx   entire document (also in 3 parts, listed below)
        DOC/i4cover.sfx cover sheet with cruise info & track map
        DOC/i4body.sfx  main body of document, including references
        DOC/i4apps.sfx  appendices A-D with tables of CTD temperature
		          & conductivity corrections, CTD oxygen
		          corrections, CTD processing comments,
		          and bottle data quality comments.

The version in DOC/i4doc.asc is available for those who cannot use the
postscript or pdf versions.  Note that figures in the documentation
can only be printed with postscript or pdf versions and do not appear
in the ascii version.  Also, the ascii file is intended to be printed
out at 80 lines per page with a 90-character page width - typically
elite print.  The right margin of the ascii version is staggered and
lines do not begin with any white space at the request of P.I.s who
wish to merge parts of the ascii file into other cruise documentation.

QUESTIONS:

These data may not be released without permission from the Chief Scientist/PI:
		Dr. John M. Toole
		Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
		MS#21, 360 Woods Hole Road
	        Woods Hole, MA  02543
		(508) 289-2531
		jtoole@whoi.edu

Questions regarding the CTD data should be directed to:
		Mary Carol Johnson
		STS/ODF M.C. 0214
		SIO/UC San Diego
		9500 Gilman Drive
		La Jolla, CA 92093-0214
		(858) 534-1906
		mary@odf.ucsd.edu


