                                                      3/21/02 METEOR 42/1 cruise report


A.   Cruise Narrative:AR26

A.1. Highlights

                            WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation                 AR26
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)        06MT42_1
Chief Scientist(s)and their affiliation  M Dr.Thomas J./IfMK*
Dates                                    1998.06.16 -1998.07.16
Ship                                     Meteor
Ports of call                            Las Palmas -Lisbon
Number of stations                       45

                                                     38 ° 30.36 N
Geographic boundaries of the stations    18 ° 1.3 E                9 ° 29.85 E
                                                      28 ° 20 ' N
Floats and drifters deployed             none
Moorings deployed or recovered           4
Contributing Authors:
  T.J.M ller,M.Knoll,B.Lenz,F.Lopez-Laatzen,R.Santana,A.Cianca,M.G.Villagarcia,
      J.Godoy,M.J.Rueda,W.Breves,K.-D.Loquay,O.Zielinski,K.Pape,U.Sch §ler,
         C.v.Oppen,C.Collado-S nchez,V.Siruela-Matos,F.J.Mart n-Mu oz,
       J.J.Hern ndez-Brito,B.Heyden,W.K hn,M.Spietz,S.Neuer,T.Freudenthal,
                   M.Schroeter,J.Bollmann,H.-C.John,H.D.Behr

Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
D sternbrooker Weg 20
24105 KIEL,Germany
Phone:  ++431 597 3799
Fax:    ++431 597 3981
e-mail: tmueller@ifm.uni-kiel.de


ABSTRACT

Leg M42/1 was performed within two major projects of basic marine research. CANIGO (Canary 
Islands Azores Gibraltar Observations) is a multinational project funded by the European 
Union to investigate by field experiments and modelling the circulation and watermasses in 
the subtropical eastern North Atlantic and to determine the distribution and the fluxes of 
a diversity of parameters in this region. ESTOC is a European time series station that has 
been set up since 1994 in a joint effort of four institutes from Spain and Germany 60 nm 
north of Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and that serves as a background station for CANIGO. 
The aim of leg 42/1 was to exchange and set  moorings with current meters and particle 
traps at selected positions at which currents and vertical particle fluxes are to be 
measured directly for several months. These moorings are part of a closed box of 45 
stations north of the Canary Islands from which balanced fluxes will be calculated by 
using  geostrophic currents that will be adjusted to absolute profiles of ADCP 
measurements.

Compiled by Thomas J. Müller
Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
Düsternbrooker Weg 20
24105 KIEL, Germany

Phone      : ++431 597 3799
Fax      : ++431 597 3981
e-mail      : tmueller@ifm.uni-kiel.de


1  RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The area north of the Canary Islands until the latitude of Madeira is characterized in the 
upper layers by  recirculating branches of the North Atlantic's subtropical gyre that feed 
the Canary Current and that are influenced by upwelling events off the African coast. This 
leg of Meteor cruise 41 was aimed at studying the circulation and transports of water 
masses, the associated fluxes of bio-geochemical parameters in the water column in this 
area and their variability in space and time for the summer season. Three earlier cruises 
(Wefer and Müller, 1998; Knoll et al., in press) have been performed in winter with FS 
"Meteor" (M37/2, January 1997), and with FS "Poseidon" in spring (P237/3, April 1998) and 
in autumn (P233, September 1997). The work was embedded mainly in two major 
interdisciplinary and multinational projects: the European funded marine science and 
technology project CANIGO (Canary Islands Azores Gibraltar Observations) and the Spanish 
German ocean time series station ESTOC which is operational since 1994 ca. 100 Km north of 
Gran Canaria. 

Methods included to use moored current meters and particle traps to study the vertical 
structure of the eastern boundary current and sedimentation rates of a diversity of  bio-
chemical parameters at two key sites (Fig. 1.1): (i) in an array of four moorings (EBC) 
east of  Fuerteventura / Lanzarote, an area that is strongly influenced by upwelling and 
the associated current system, (ii) at the open ocean time series station ESTOC which 
serves also as a background station for CANIGO. A third mooring site is located at the 
more oligothophic station  LP north of La Palma (29°45' N, 018°00' W) that was to be 
served later during leg M42/4.
 
To estimate the spatial structure and variability of fluxes in the recirculation regime, a 
hydrographic box of 45 stations was obtained north of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.2) to 
estimate transports of waters masses and bio-chemical parameters. Classic hydrography 
along with direct current measurenments from lowered and ship mounted ADCP was used. 

Sampling included also DOC, Al and other trace metals, coccolithophores and diatoms, and 
zooplankton and fish larvae.


2  PARTICIPANTS / LIST OF INSTITUTIONS

For logistic reasons, the leg had two parts:
M42/1a: 16.06.-25.06.1998, Las Palmas - Las Palmas; (1)  embarked on 21 June in Arrecife
M42/1b: 26.06.-16.07.1998, Las Palmas - Lisbon

Personnel:                      Inst.  Responsibilies           Leg(s)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Müller, Dr. Thomas J.           IfMK   chief scientist      M42/1a  M42/1b
de Boer, Christjan, stud.       IfMK   phys. oceanogr       M42/1a  M42/1b
Carlsen, Dieter, TA             IfMK   moorings             M42/1a
Dietze, Heiner, stud.           IfMK   phys. oceanogr.      M42/1a  M42/1b
Knoll, Michaela, Dr.            IfMK   phys. oceanogr.              M42/1b
Koy, Uwe, TA                    IfMK   CTD,ADCP,moorings            M42/1b
Lenz, Bernd, Dipl.-Oz.          IfMK   phys. oceanogr.      M42/1a  M42/1b
Link, Rudolf, TA                IfMK   ADCP, CTD, moorings  M42/1a  M42/1b
Meyer, Peter, Dipl.-Ing.        IfMK   CTD, moorings        M42/1a

Lopez-L., Federico, MSc.        IEO    phys. oceanogr       M42/1a
Garcia-R., Carlos, MSc.         IEO    moorings             M42/1a
  
Cisneros-A., Jesus, MSc.        ULPGC  moorings             M42/1a

Neuer, Susanne, Dr.             GeoB   particle flux        M42/1a
Freudenthal, Tim, Dipl.-Geol.   GeoB   particle flux                M42/1a
Schroeter, Marcel, Dipl.-Biol,  GeoB   particle flux        M42/1a

v. Oppen, Caroline, Dr.         UBMCh  trace metals         M42/1a
Deeken, Aloys, TA               UBMCh  trace metals         M42/1a
Wilkop, Thomas, Stud.           UBMCh  trace metals         M42/1a
Schüssler, Uwe, Dr.             UBMCh  trace metals                 M42/1b
Pape, Katja, TA                 UBMCh  trace metals                 M42/1b

Spietz, Matthias                IBGMH  DOC                  M42/1a
Heyden, Birgit                  IBGMH  DOC                          M42/1b
Kühn, Wilfried Dr.              GeoB   DOC                          M42/1b

Zielinski, Oliver, Dipl.-Phys.  UO     Bio-Optics                   M42/1b
Breves, Wiebke                  UO     Bio-Optics                   M42/1b
Loquay, Klaus, TA               UO     Bio-Optics                   M42/1b

Llinas, Octavio, Dr.            ICCM   nutrient rec.        M42/1a
Cianca-A., Andres, Msc.         ICCM   mar. chem.                   M42/1b
Godoy, Juana, Msc.              ICCM   mar. chem.                   M42/1b
Maroto, Leire                   ICCM   mar. chem.                   M42/1b
Rueda, Maria J.                 ICCM   mar. chem.           M42/1a
Villagarcia, M., Dr.            ICCM   mar. chem.                   M42/1b
   
Collado Sanchez, Cayetano, Dr.  ULPGC  trace metals                 M42/1b
Munoz, Francisco J.M., MSc.     ULPGC  trace metals                 M42/1b
Siruela Matos, Victor, MSc.     ULPGC  trace metals                 M42/1b

Bollmann, Jörg, Dr.             ETH    coccos                       M42/1b  
Martinez, Mara Dr.              ETH    coccos                       M42/1b  
Correira, Antonio, TA           IGM    diatomes                     M42/1b

John, H.-C., Dr.                FIS    biol. oceanogr.              M42/1b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                         18      26


Institutes

ETH    Eidgenössiche Technishe Hochschule, Zürich, CH
FIS    Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Taxonomische Arbeitsgruppe, D
GeoB   Universität Bremen, FB 5 Geowissenschaften, D
IBGMH  Institut für Biogeochemie und Meereschemie der Universität Hamburg, D
ICCM   Instituto Canario de Ciencas Marinas, Telde de Gran Canaria, E
IEO    Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, E
IfMK   Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, D
IGM    Instituto Geologico e Minero, Lisboa, P 
UBMCh  Universität Bremen, FB2 Chemie, Meereschemie, D
UL     Universidade de Lisboa, P
ULPGC  Universidad de Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E
UO     Universität Oldenburg, Fachbereich Physik, D

                            

3  RESEARCH PROGRAMME 

Along the CANIGO and ESTOC scientific goals, METEOR cruise M42/1 was aimed at providing a 
data base for studying the circulation and water mass transports in the subtropical 
eastern North Atlantic north and east of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.1, 1.2). The region 
encompasses the eastern boundary current system. Determining the variability of the 
circulation and associated bio-geochemical fluxes on time scales from days to annual and 
longer, and on spatial scales that include the mesoscale (30 Km) up to basin scale is 
included. The flow field, the water mass transports and the associated bio-geochemical 
fluxes in the region are strongly influenced by both, the recirculation of the subtropical 
gyre that feeds the Canary Current and the seasonally varying trade wind field with its 
impact on the upwelling system and the eastern boundary current system off Marocco. 
To approach the problem, basicly two methods are used. First, at selected positions the 
vertical structure of  currents and the vertical transport of particles are measured for a 
period of ca 18 months from January 1997 on to cover more than one season. The sites 
chosen (see Fig. 1.1) are the ESTOC position, an array of  four moorings in the  eastern 
boundary current sytem (EBC) east of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura that will be influenced 
strongly by upwelling events, and a more oligithrophic open ocean position north of La 
Palma (LP). Current meters and particle traps were exchanged, with a service of 
instruments scheduled for January 1998 from the German reserach vessel 'Poseidon'. During 
the first part of M42/1, it was planned to:

* exchange the ESTOC current meter mooring (IFMK)
* to exchange the four moorings of array EBC (IFMK, IEO, ULPGC, GeoB)
* to measure the vertical particle flux in the upper 200 m near ESTOC and at the same time 
  to perform incubation experiments (GeoB)
* to measure the concentraions and vertical fluxes of  certain trace metals at the ESTOC, 
  EBC and LP sites (UBMCh)

The mooring at site LP (29°45' N, 018°00' W, GeoB, IFMK) wasl exchanged later during leg 
M42/4. 

Second, a closed box north and east of the Canary Islands is designed with 45 hydrographic 
stations spaced between 7 nm on and close to the shelf, and 40 nm in the deep basin. On 
each station, bottom deep CTD and lowered ADCP measurements and water sampling for 
dissolved oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll analysis build the basic hydrographic 
measurements to determine the flow field and the water mass distribution. En-route, the 
upper ocean current profiles down to 200 m and the sea surface temperature and salinity 
are measured using a vessel mounted ADCP and a thermosalinograph in combimation with GPS 
positioning. These basic measurements on the box have already been perfomed during the 
other three seasons in  January 1997 with 'Meteor' (M37/2), and in September 1997 and 
April 1998 with 'Poseidon' (P233 and P237/3, respectively). During the second part of 
M42/1 these and additional samples were taken and measurements were made to

* to determine the absolute flow field and with a CTD/rosette/ADCP system and with 
  shipborne ADCP (IFMK)
* to provide water mass information from oxygen, nutrient and chlorophyll (ICCM) 
* to use optical sensors attached to a CTD for biological interpretations (UO) 
* to take samples for dissolved organic carbon DOC (IBGM)
* to take samples for coccolithophores and diatomees (ETH, UL)
* to measure aluminum and other metals in the water column (ULPGC)
* to detect fish larvae as tracers for intermediate water masses (FIS)


Figure 1.1: Staions and mooring positions during leg M42/1a
Figure 1.2: Stations during leg M42/1b


4 NARRATIVE 

For logistic reasons, the leg was divided into two parts. After loading of scientific 
equipment and embarking of the scientific party, 'Meteor' sailed from Las Palmas on the 26 
June 1997 in the afternoon. This first part, leg M42/1a, was aimed at mooring and station 
work near the centre of the CANIGO array in the eastern boundary current system (EBC), at 
the ESTOC station and at the more oligotrophic CANIGO position LP north of the island of 
La Palma at 29°45' N, 018°00' W (see Fig. 1.1 for positions). At these stations, special 
water sampling was performed for trace metal analysis. Near ESTOC, an experiment was 
designed to determine the vertical flux of particles in theupper thermocline. Additional 
CTD stations between the mooring positions completed the hydrographic work. En-route, 
meteorological data, sea surface temperature and salinity, and the vertcal current profile 
down to 300 m dept was measured almost continuously.

About 3 hours after sailing for legM42/1a, we successfully performed a test station with a 
CTD/rosette system. Late in the evening, we arrived near ESTOC (29°10'N, 15°30'W, 3610 m 
water depth). At a position some 10 nm northeast of ESTOC two drifting moorings with one 
and three particle traps at 200 m (system T1), and 200 m, 300 m and 500 m (system T3), 
were deployed to measure for a few days the particle flux in the upper thermocline. Next, 
at ESTOC, the first casts with special bottles (GoFlo) and in-situ pumps (ISP) for trace 
metal sampling were obtained to achieve a densely sampled profile throughout the the water 
column. On 17 June, at ESTOC the current meter mooring V367-4 was recovered with no losses 
and a deep CTD/rosette cast  was performed.

We then steamed towards the position LP north of the island of La Palma at nominally 
29°45'N, 18°00'W. We reached that position on 18 June, took the first of two trace metal 
casts wirth GoFlo and ISP, a deep CTD/rosette cast, and then the second casts with GoFlo 
and ISP.

While steaming again to the ESTOC station, we took near surface water for incubation 
experiments on deck. On 19 June, we searched successfully for the two drifting particle 
trap for recovery. Unfortunately, the system T1 had lost its current meter and its single 
trap at 200 m. The second system, T3 was recovered completely and reset again. One more 
cast for trace metal with GoFlo and ISP completed the sampling for trace metals near 
ESTOC. On 20 June, the ESTOC current meter mooring V367-5 was deployed and a deep 
CTD/rosette profile taken.

We then steamed to the position of the four CANIGO moorings that we exchanged in the 
eastern boundary current array EBC from 21 June to 23 June during day time. The four 
moorings all reach up to 150 m below the surface and carry a total of 23 current meters 
and 2 particle traps. During the night and between the moooring work, CTD stations on a 
section parallel to the mooring array and hydrocasts for trace metal near mooring EBC3 in 
the centre of the arry were obtained. On 21 June in the afternoon, two additional 
scientists from the ICCM embarked in Arrecife for the ESTOC June 1998 station work to be 
performed later.

Heading again for the ESTOC position, we took additional CTD stations down to 2000 m below 
the Mediterranean outflow water to achieve additional more detailed information on the 
thermocline circulation north of the Canary Islands. The drifting particle trap was 
successfully recovered on 24 June near ESTOC. Hydrocasts for trace metals with GoFlo in 
ISP and the June 1998 ESTOC station work  completed the sampling programme during this 
part of M41/1. On the way from ESTOC to Las Palmas a NOAA surface drifter and 5 XBTs were 
launched.

'Meteor' called in to Las Palmas on 25 June for personnel exchange. The groups from the 
IEO, ULPGC, GeoB, UBMCh and ICCM involved in mooring work, trace metals and the ESTOC 
station work disembarked. Embarking were groups from  seven institutes from four nations.

'Meteor' sailed from Las Palmas for Leg M42/1b on 26 June in the afternoon. Leg M42/1b was 
aimed to measure and sample important hydrographic, chemical and bilogical parameters on a 
closed box north of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.2) for balance and flux calculations. En-
route, the current profile down to 200 m and sea surface temperature and salinity were 
measured
After a test station late in the evening on the same day, station work started on 27 June 
east of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura on the shelf at 100 m water depth with a station 
spacing of  7 nm that was increased to 20 nm towards the ESTOC position. Each station 
consisted of a bottom deep CTD/rosette cast with sampling for dissolved oxygen, nutrients 
and chlorophyll. Attached to the CTD/rosette was an ADCP to measure the absolute current 
profile in the whole water column. Also on each station, another CTD with optical sensors 
attached took casts down to 1600 m. Samples for aluminum, coccolithophores and plankton 
were taken from the rosette bottles on roughly every other station. Deep plankton net 
hauls down to 1000 m and on some stations down to 2000 m were restricted to the 
continental shelf break and the adjacent deep basin with some additional hawls in the open 
ocean. 
The box basicly consists of three CTD/rosette sections: the first runs almost zonally 
along mooring array EBC towards ESTOC and then to a position north of La Palma at 29°10'N, 
18°00'W, the second meridionally towards Madeira until 32°15' N, the third then zonally 
onto the shelf until the 100 m bottom contour. A total of 45 stations were obtained on 
these three sections. The box was completed on 12 July at 32°02' N, 009°52' W at 100 m 
water depth on the Moroccan shelf.

We then set course to Lisbon. Off Portugal, four moorings were to be recovered for the 
University of Lisbon. Two of them (C3, C6) were retrieved without problems, but with one 
instrument being damaged. One mooring (C5) did not respond to the acoustic interrogation 
and release commands. After search courses being completed, this mooring had to be given 
up. We knew from the fourth mooring (C4) that the acoustic releaser would interrogate but 
not release; therefore its position was measured accurately (37°30.13' N, 009°37.76' W, 
1570 m at 1696 m water depth) acoustically. Next, two dredge trials around the mooring 
were performed, however with no success at 8 Beaufort wind.

'Meteor' called in to Lisbon 16 July in morning.


5. PRELIMINARY RESULTS

5.1 PHYSICAL Oceanography 
    (T. J. Müller, M. KNOLL, B. Lenz, F. Lopez-Laatzen)

HYDROGRAPHY
Throughout the cruise, a MKIIIB Neil Brown CTD (internal IFMK no. NB4) was used together 
with a General Oceanics rosette sampler to which 21x10 l Niskin bottles were attached. The 
space for three more bottles on the rosette frame was needed to simultaneously lower a RDI 
150 KHz narrow band acoustic Dopler profiler (lADCP) to measure directly the current shear 
in the water column.

The CTD's temperature and pressure sensors were calibrated at IFMK one month before the 
cruise. From in-situ comparisons with reversing electronic thermometers, it is expected 
that the drift in temperature was less than the resolution of the comparing sensors, i.e. 
less 1 mK, during the cruise. Accuracy therfore is close to the calibration accuracy, i.e. 
better 2 mK. Bottom distance estimates showed no significant drift of the pressure sensor 
besides the offset correction. Accuracy is then estimated to better 5 dbar for high  
(>3000 dbar) pressures.

Problems arose with the in-situ calibration of the conductivity cell. Firstly, the two 
Guildline AUTOSAL salinometers that were used subsequently (Table 5.1) showed problems 
with rinsing the cells. Consequently, many samples had to be omitted for the calculation 
of the calibration coefficients for the CTD's cell. The salinometers were calibrated with 
standard seawater batches  P131 (K15=0.99984, S=34.9945, stations 304 - 335 ) and P132 
(K15=0.99986, S=34.9945, stations 336 - 356) at the beginning and at the end of the cruise 
and frequently in between. Checks for drifts were conducted with substandards from the 
deep ocean (> 3000 m) at least two times per day. It turned out that the calibrations of 
AUTOSALs were stable to better 0.001 in salinity through the cruise.


Table 5.1.2: Salinometers during the cruise were AS6, AS4 and A6 again. Problems with cell 
             flushing, in particular salinometer AS4, let us use A6 again. 

             AS6 from 28.06.-09.07. used, stations 304 - 332
             AS4 from 07.07.-09.07. used, stations 333 - 339
             AS6 from 09.07.-14.07. used, stations 340 - 356 (end)

The other problem that arose, was an extremely strong drift of the CTD's conductivity 
signal in addition to the usual linear correction (Fig. 5.1.1). Including a drift 
correction, a single calibration set of 6 parameters for the whole cruise gives a standard 
deviation of 0.005 for the salinity residuals, mostly due to bottle salinities. Despite 
the problems described above, the accuracy in the calibrated CTD salinity is estimated to 
be better 0.003.


Figure 5.1.1: Salinity calibration of the CTD (internal IFMK no. NB4). Upper 
              panel with pre-calibration salinity corrections needed to meet sample 
              salinity (SCOR) versus profile (or cast) number (PROFILE, left) and 
              pressure (PRESSURE, right). Note the unusual strong drift with the 
              profile number. The lower panel shows the residuals after a single 
              overall calibration with 6 parameters including drift correction was 
              apllied to the CTD conductivity values. The standard deviation after 
              calibration is 0.005 in salinity.


As an example, the salinity section along 29°N is shown in Figure 5.1.3. The salinity 
minimum which is indicated at 800 m east of Fuerteventura close to the bottom, is 
correlated with low oxygen values (see Sect. 5.2) and is a signal for rudiments of 
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). All other features are very common. Note the summer 
season upwelling off the African shelf.


Figure 5.1.3: Salinity section along 29°N.


ADCP MEASUREMENTS
As navigational system a combined GPS/GLONASS receiver GG24 made by ASHTEC was used. 
Unfortunately, the non-optimal positions of the newly installed antennas for the ADU2 
system (also from ASHTEC) did not yet allow to receive adequate good signals from this 
system during this leg.

While the (vessel mounted) vADCP worked during the whole cruise, the (lowered) lADCP in 
many profiles showed so far non-identified problems with sampling. Due to relatively small 
signals in the eastern basin, further data processing will need reduction of the tidal 
signal in the measurements.


5.2 OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS MEASUREMENTS 
    (R. Santana, A. Cianca, M.G. Villagarcia, J. Godoy and M.J. Rueda.)

SAMPLING
Samples were taken at most stations of the second part of leg M42/1 along the sections of 
29°N, 18°W and 31°N. Up to 21 sampling depths with the rosette water sampler attached to 
the CTD covered the water column, except for chlorophyll that was sampled only between 200 
m depth and the surface (see Tab. 7.3). Samples were taken for oxygen, nutrients and 
chlorophyll “a" analysis. Samples were collected immediately after the bottles were on 
board in the following order:

* Oxygen was fixed at once, then was kept for further analysis at the laboratory
* Nutrient samples were frozen immediately at -20(C.
* Chlorophyll samples were taken in polypropilene bottles filtering 0.5 litres 
  inmediatelly. The filters were frozen subsequently at -20(C. 

Oxygen and nutrient sampling observed the WOCE Hydrographic Programme procedures (WOCE, 
1994)

ANALYSIS
The samples for dissolved oxygen were analysed on board using the method described in WOCE 
(1994). Bottles with 125 ml volume were used, and the final titration point was detected 
using a Metrohm 665 Dosimat Oxygen Auto-Titrator Analyser.

Nutrients were taken in polypropylene bottles which were cleaned and washed with HCl acid 
and were completely dried in advance, according to the instructions of WOCE (1994). 
Samples were immediately frozen at -20°C, analysing them as soon as possible after arrival 
at the laboratory. Freezing the samples is a common practice. It does not or only in a 
non-significant way affect the nitrate+nitrite and the phosphate values (by a slight 
decrease) and is not detectabl in the silicate values (KREMLING AND WENCK,1986; MCDONALD 
AND MCLUNGHLIN, 1982). The nutrient determination were performed with a segmented 
continuous-flow autoanalyser, a Skalar(r) San Plus System (ICCM).

The automated procedure to determine nitrate and nitrite is based on the cadmium reduction 
method; the sample is passed through a column containing granulated copper-cadmium to 
reduce the nitrate to nitrite (WOOD ET AL.,1967), using ammonium chloride as pH controller 
and complexer of the cadmium cations formed (STRICKLAND and PARSONS, 1972). The optimal 
column preparation conditions are described, e.g., by NYDAHL (1976) and GARSIDE (1993).

The Orthophosphate concentration is understood as the concentration of reactive phosphate 
(RILEY AND SKIRPOW,1975) and according to KOROLEFF (1983a) is a synonym of “dissolved 
inorganic phosphate". The automated procedure to determine phosphate is based on the 
following reaction: ammonium molybdate and potassium antimony tartrate react in an acidic 
medium with diluted solution of phosphate to form an antimony-phospho-molybdate complex. 
This complex is reduced to an intensely blue-coloured complex, ascorbic acid. The complex 
is measured at 880nm. The basic methodology for this anion determination is given by 
MURPHY and RILEY (1962); the used methodology is the one adapted by STRICKLAND AND PARSONS 
(1972).

The determination of the soluble silico compounds in natural waters is based on the 
formation of the yellow coloured silicomolybdic acid; the sample is acidified and mixed 
with an ammonium molybdate solution forming molybdosilicic acid. This acid is reduced with 
ascorbic acid to a blue dye, which is measured at 810nm. Oxalic acid is added to avoid 
phosphate interference. The used method is described in KOROLEFF (1983b).

Phytoplankton pigments were measured onboard using fluorimetric analysis that followed the 
methodology described by WELSCHMEYER (1994). A fluorometer TURNER 10-AU-000 was used.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS
As an example we display the oxygen dtribution along the 29ºN, both in a section (Fig. 
5.4) and as Oxygen/Salinity correlation (Fig. 5.5). Most pronounced is a minimum at 
intermediate depths around 850 m. East of Fuerteventura it is correlated with a salinity 
minimum representing the presence of rudiments of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) that 
is transported northwards with the poleward undercurrent. In the west, it corresponds to 
the salinity maximum of the Mediterranean water core (MW) which during this cruise is 
strongest in the west and north of La Palma extends up to 850 m.

The high oxygen values found at surface near the African coast are due to the presence of 
the easterly winds, characteristic of this area in the summer season.. 

A signal of the Labrador Water appears in the section along 18ºW (not shown here).


Figure 5.4: Distribution of dissolved oxygen along the 29ºN section, Meteor 42/1b

Figure 5.5: Oxygen versus salinity, 29ºN, Meteor 42/1b. Dark symbols are from 
            stations east of Fuerteventura Island, lighter dots are from west of 
            Fuerteventura. The characteristics of water masses are indicated: 
            Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) with low oxygen values; North 
            Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the Mediterranean Water (MW) with 
            higer salinity and slightly higher oxygen values. In the surface, low 
            salinities and higher oxygen values are encountered in the shelf area 
            due to upwelling. 


5.3 BIO-OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
    (W. Breves, K.-D. Loquay and O. Zielinski)

OBJECTIVE
The investigation of marine systems like the pelagic cycle in the northeastern Atlantic 
Ocean is an important pre-requisite for understanding global scale ecodynamics, e.g. the 
carbon flux. Recently, the application of bio-optical methods, using inherent molecular 
abilities, like fluorescence and absorption, has met with increasing interest in 
environmental monitoring. During this cruise a bio-optical in situ probing system, 
developed at the University of Oldenburg, was successfully applied as a part of CANIGO for 
the fourth time north of the Canary Islands (previous cruises: 0Jan 97, Apr 97, Apr 98). 
Additional measurements onboard with laboratory instruments provide complementary data on 
bio-optical parameters. The investigations are intended to quantify bio-geochemical fluxes 
in the water column and data will be used within biogeochemical/bio-optical models of this 
Canary Island region.

BIO-OPTICAL METHODS
Dissolved and particulate substances in seawater can be sensitively characterized with 
optical methods without additional sample treatment, and therefore very fast. Yellow 
substances (chromophoric dissolved organic matter, traditionally denoted as Gelbstoff ) as 
a compound of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton 
pigments like phycoerythrin, fucoxanthin, and fucocyanin, and the aromatic amino acid 
tryptophan, bound to proteins in bacteria and algae can be measured with fluorescence 
methods. Furthermore, the attenuation coefficient is an optical parameter which depends 
sensitively on suspended and dissolved substances. Its measurement is of interest not only 
for the understanding of optical conditions in water, but it also allows for a fast 
determination of absorbing and scattering matter in the form of depth profiles, which can 
hardly be obtained with other methods in real time. 

INSTRUMENTATION AND SAMPLING PROCESSING
The following lists of instrumentation and sampling procedures is based on the 
"Documentation of Methodologies and Standard Protocols - University of Oldenburg", 
available at the CANIGO Data Centre: http://www.marine.ie/datacentre/projects/CANIGO/:

Laboratory Spectrofluorometer - LS 50 (UOLA1)
Laboratory Spectrophotometer - (18 (UOLA2)
Bio-optical in situ probing system consisting of
CTD - Probe, OTS 1500 + Oxygen Sensor (UOLA3)
Multichannel in situ Fluorometer - MFL (UOLA4)
Polychromatic Transmissometer - PAAL (UOLA5)
Daylight Radiometer - RAD (UOLA6)
and an Underwater Central Unit (UOLA7) for the data uplink.

The following sampling procedures were applied:

for measurements of the laboratory spectrofluorometer LS50 from bottle samples
processing of gelbstoff fluorescence (UOLB1)
processing of chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB2)
processing of tryptophan fluorescence (UOLB3)
for measurements of the laboratory spectrophotometer (18 from bottle samples
processing of gelbstoff absorbance (UOLB5)
for measurements of the bio-optical in situ probing system
processing of conductivity, temperature, pressure, oxygen and related parameters like 
salinity, potential temperature or density (UOLB6)
processing of gelbstoff fluorescence (UOLB7)
processing of chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB8)
processing of fucoxanthin from chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB9)
processing of tryptophan fluorescence (UOLB10)
processing of gelbstoff attenuation (UOLB11)
processing of seston attenuation (UOLB12)
processing of underwater light field parameters like downwelling and upwelling irradiance 
or PAR(z) (UOLB13)

Up- and downcast profiles with the bio-optical in situ probing system were measured down 
to 1500 m depth at 46 stations during the cruise, along with onboard laboratory 
measurements with samples from Niskin bottles taken at the following depths: 10-25-50-75-
100-125-150-200-250-400-600-800-1000-1150-1500-2000-2500-3000-3500-4000 m (under-lined 
depth are taken regulary at all stations available). Bacteria samples have been taken at 
stations 312, 314, 326 and 335 and will be analysed by the IfM Kiel, Marine Chemistry 
Group.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS
In the following we present some preliminary CTD and multichannel fluorometer (MFL) data. 
The transect along 29°N started on 26 June 1998 near the African shelf (station 307) and 
ended on 04 April 1998 north of La Palma (station 335). The salinity distribution 
(Fig.5.3.1) is displays the well known water masses and the coastal upwelling near the 
African shelf.


Fig.  5.3.1: Salinity distribution along the transect at latitude 29°N. On the 
             upper x-axis station numbers are given and, on the y-axis the pressure 
             in dbar is displayed.  

The gelbstoff distribution along the souhtern transect is shown in Fig. 2, with the 
typical increase of gelbstoff contents with depth, due to photodegradation at the surface. 


Fig.  5.3.2: Gelbstoff fluorescence distribution along the transect at latitude 29°N down 
             to 1500 dbar. The higher signals at the surface were not caused by higher 
             Gelbstoff concentrations but by straylight of solar radiation.  

Fig. 5.3.2 shows the chlorophyll a fluorescence distribution along the transect. In the 
oligotrophic open ocean one can identify the deep chlorophyll maximum which is typical of 
the spring/summer situation in the region. Near the shelf and also near the island's west 
side, coastal upwelling took place and higher phytoplankton abundance could be observed. 


Fig.  5.3.3 Chlorophyll a fluorescence distribution in the upper layer along 29°N.  


5.4 INTERACTION OF PARTICLES AND WATER
    (K. Pape, U. Schüßler, C. v. Oppen)

BACKGROUND
Particle-water interaction is a key process in the biogeochemical cycling of chemical 
elements in the ocean. Uptake onto particulate matter and subsequent sinking mechanisms 
(scavenging) is the major control on the chemical composition of seawater. This mechanism 
maintains the concentrations of many elements in seawater rather low, many of which are, 
thus, called trace elements. The particulate matter itself consists of (i) suspended 
particulate matter (SPM) which is supposed to consist of almost non-sinkable biogenic and 
terrestrial detritus with a large surface area and (ii) the relatively fast sinking 
particles found in particle traps, responsible for the vertical transport to the 
sediments. The comparison of the trace element composition and the distributions in these 
three different phases (dissolved, SPM and trap material) are excepted to provide 
important clues on transport and sorption mechanisms as well as on the general geochemical 
behavior of these elements in the ocean. Many of the trace elements studied here are 
essential for marine life, and thus also in the generation of the biogenically induced 
particle flux within the water column. These trace elements cover a broad range of 
chemical properties, enabling to study biogeochemical processe in greater detail.

Within the collaborative CANIGO project, the Marine Chemistry Department of the University 
of Bremen, Germany (UBMC), conducts studies on the biogeochemistry of a suite of trace 
elements. These elements exhibit different behaviour in the ocean, as can bee seen, e.g. 
in the vertical profiles of their dissolved concentrations. In addition, input functions 
may vary strongly between individual elements. For the CANIGO study area, atmospheric 
inputs of mainly Saharan origin are especially important. This material carries many trace 
elements with it, that are partially released upon deposition in the ocean. Scavenging of 
dissolved trace elements and incorporation of particulate trace elements onto sinkable 
particles of mostly biogenic origin provides a pathway for the coupling of upper water 
processes influenced by atmospheric input and the deep sea.

During the firts part of the cruise, M42/1a, activities of the UBMC group focussed on 
particle-water interaction at three different stations along a zonal transect off the 
African Coast (stations EBC, ESTOC, LP). That part  was dedicated to collect suspended 
particulate material as well as samples for dissolved trace elements in high vertical 
resolution. 

During the second part cruise, M42/1b, we attempted to determine the background field in 
dissolved trace element concentrations around the three central stations mentioned above 
(viz. ESTOC), focussing on the upper 1000m of the water column. Samples were collected at 
four stations along the 29°N zonal transect in order to complete the station pattern of 
the preceedingpart. 

The northern zonal transect  31°N was also covered with 4 stations to better characterize 
what may be regarded as the upstream component for the ESTOC area north of the Canary 
Islands. In addition, we used the M42/1b test station to collect one profile about 30 nm 
south of the ESTOC station to possibly relate variabilities observed previously to current 
findings at the ESTOC station. Another station was covered on the meridional transect SW 
of Madeira. The southwestern-most station of this cruise was used to collect some deep 
water for internal calibration purposes.

SAMPLING
Samples of dissolved trace elements were collected from discrete depths distributed over 
the whole water column using in-situ pumpuing systems during M42/1a,  and from the upper 
1000 m by means of 12x12 l GoFlo bottles attached to a rosette sampling device. All 
samples were collected rigorously applying clean sampling techniques to avoid 
contamination as far as possible. Sample processing was done under a clean bench inside a 
clean-air laboratory container onboard. Dissolved trace element samples were pressure-
filtered with nitrogen gas through pre-cleaned 0.4 µm polycarbonate membranes directly 
from the sampling bottles. Besides trace element sampling, water samples were analyzed for 
nutrients as well as for oxygen. The macro nutrients nitrate, phosphate and silicate were 
determined according to standard photometric procedures. Dissolved oxygen was analyzed by 
titration using the Winkler method. The only trace element to be determined onboard was 
dissolved Aluminium (Al) by a fluorescence method. All other dissolved trace elements will 
be analyzed onshore. 

PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Preliminary results for the distribution of dissolved Al show surface concentrations to be 
lowest close to the African coast in the EBC area (concentration range for surface waters 
13-21 nM for the entire cruise). In this eastern area, a subsurface maximum at 150-200m 
was observed, whereas this signal progressively deminished farther to the west. In 
general, the profiles obtained indicate a slight increase in Al concentrations with depth 
within the upper 1000m of the water column. This pattern appears to be more pronounced 
along the northern transect (32°N) than at the southern transect (29°N).



5.5 DISSOLVED ALUMINIUM
    (C. Collado-Sánchez, V. Siruela-Matos, F.J. Martín-Muñoz and J.J. Hernández-Brito)

INTRODUCTION
Aluminium distributions in Canary Islands region show a great variability (Gelado-
Caballero et al , 1996). The area, major features are present that could affect the 
aluminium biogeochemical behaviour, such as elevated aeolian (dust) inputs from the Sahara 
desert, the proximity to areas of upwelling (150-200 Km) and mesoscale features that are 
induced by the effect of the islands on the the Canary Current.  The aluminium 
distribution shows a latitudinal gradient from East to West. The study of the Al 
variations along these gradients and at fixed stations could give a better knowledge of 
the physical and biogeochemical processes that control the mesoescale distribution of 
aluminium in the area and its seasonal variability.

OBJECTIVES
The main objectives in the cruise were:
* to measure profiles of dissolved aluminium at ESTOC (European Station for Time Series in 
  the Ocean Canary Islands) with high vertical resolution in the summer season
* to measure the aluminium distributions between the African coast and 18°W along two 
  different latitudes in the summer season.
* to compare the summer profiles with the winter profiles of M37/2.

SAMPLING 
Sampling was carried out using Niskin bottles provided with springs of silicone rubber. 
Samples were taken and manipulated wearing plastic gloves to avoid  metal contamination. 
Samples were split into two parts. The first was stored at 150 ml polyethylene bottles and 
immediately frozen until the analysis at the shore-based laboratory. The second part was 
measured on board. The containers have been previously cleaned using conventional 
procedures in the trace metal assay.

ANALYSIS OF Al
The HPACSV (High Performance Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammtry) method (Hernández-
Brito et al., 1994) was used to measure on board dissolved aluminium in seawater. Samples 
are prepared in Teflon cups of polarographic cell, containing 10 ml of water, 2·10-6 M 
DASA and 0.01 M BES. The solution is purged using nitrogen (3 minutes) to remove dissolved 
oxygen. The adsorption potential (-0.9 V) is applied to the working electrode, while the 
solution is stirred. After 40 s accumulation time, the stirring is stopped, and for 5 s 
the solution is allowed for to became quiet. The scanning is started at -0.9 V and 
terminated at -1.4 V. The scan is made using staircase modulation with a scan rate of 30 
V/s and a pulse height of 5 mV. The DASA-Al peak appears at ca. -1.25 V. A standard 
addition procedure is used to quantify the aluminium concentration of the sample. 
Determinations were carried out in a flow bench class-100 to avoid contamination of the 
sample by dust particles. 

The electrochemical system used has been designed to measure the instantaneous currents at 
short times with a low noise level (Hernandez-Brito et al., 1994b). Thus, the analytical 
time required for each sample is substantially reduced, allowing an increase of 
measurements on board. A PAR- 303A electrochemical cell with hanging mercury drop 
electrode (HMDE) was connected to a specially made computer-controlled potentiostat.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS
More than 600 samples were analysed on board. Preliminary results show that the aluminium 
distribution in the water column appears to be related with the physical and 
biogeochemical processes in the sampling area. Aluminium distribution in the surface 
waters shows the same maximum concentrations as found during previous cruises at summer 
and fall at the area. These concentrations decrease from Africa coast to La Palma Island 
(Fig. 5.5.2). 

Mid-depth aluminium distributions seem to be related to the water masses. Stations located 
west of Lanzarote show higher aluminium concentrations and no salinity minimum at this 
deepth. An aluminium maximum appears at intermediate waters (1000-1300m) and it seems to 
be related with the intrusion of Mediterranean waters. A minimum in the aluminium 
distributions occurs below the Mediterranean waters. The aluminium concentration increases 
again at depths larger than 2500m. Stations close to the continental slope show higher 
aluminium near the bottom layer. This could indicate sediment dissolution or lateral 
transport of sediment in the deep layers. The profiles in the western most stations show 
no significant alterations near the bottom.


Fig.  5.5.1

Fig.  5.5.2


5.6 DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) MEASUREMENTS
    (B. Heyden, W. Kühn, M. Spietz)

DOC is part of the oceanic carbon pool. Small changes in the DOC cycle may have a large 
impact on the global carbon cycle. Questions not yet answered are concerned with the 
nature of  DOC and also the problems involved in its measurements (e.g. Suimara & Suzuki, 
1988; Suzuki, 1993; Hedges & Lee, 1993).

The key issue during the Meteor cruise M42/1 was to determine the vertical distribution of 
DOC at the three stations ESTOC, EBC and LP (north of La palma), and on the two sections 
along 29°N and 32°N to  measure the horizontal gradients from the coastal zone to the open 
sea. In order to resolve seasonal variations as compared to earlier cruises, the sampling 
was densest in the upper 200 m and in the shelf region.

At thirty nine stations (Tables 7.1 and 7.2), water samples were taken throughout the 
entire water column with a CTD/rosette. Samples for DOC measurements immediately after 
sampling were filtered under slight vacuum through precombusted Whatman GF/F filters. 
After filtration the DOC samples were preserved with phosphoric acid to reach pH=2 and 
stored in precombusted 10 ml glass ampoules at 5°C. 
The samples will be analysed at the laboratories of the IBGM., Hamburg. 
In addition to DOC, during M42/1a at ESTOC, EBC and LP also dissolved organic matter (DOM) 
was sampled and stored for later analysis at the IBGM, Hamburg.


5.7 PARTICLE FLUX, PRODUCTION RATES AND PLANKTON BIOMASS
    (S. Neuer)

Particle flux measurements with moored particle traps
Particle flux measurements at ESTOC (European Station for Time-series in the Ocean, Canary 
Islands) are carried out since fall of 1991. They show seasonal and short-term variability 
due to varying productivity and hydrographic conditions.  In addition, this long-.term 
particle flux record indicates that a large portion of deep particle flux originates 
laterally.  In CANIGO, additional particle traps were placed along the 29°N transect, 
north of La Palma (mooring LP) and between the eastern islands and the Moroccan shelf 
(moorings EBC2 and 3). Including the ESTOC position, these three main trap locations cover 
the productivity gradient from shelf region to the oligotrophic gyre.  It is intended to 
distinguish the influence of autochtonous and allochtonous sources of particle flux along 
the transect. 

The EBC2 and EBC3 particle traps are part of current meter moorings of the IfM Kiel.  
During  the first two mooring periods since January 1997, each mooring carried a particle 
trap in 700 m depth.  On June 21 and 22, the second set of moorings, EBC2-2 and EBC3-2, 
was recovered. The particle trap on EBC2 worked properly, the one on EBC3 did not rotate, 
and no samples are available. EBC3-3, which also carried an INFLUX current meter mooring 
20 m below the trap, was re-deployed on June 23.  Supplementing the particle trap on EBC2, 
a second trap was attached to the mooring line one in 500 and 700 m. By collocating two 
traps in different depths on one mooring line, it will now be possible to investigate 
vertical gradients in the particle flux at EBC as already at the ESTOC and LP locations.

EXPERIMENTS WITH DRIFTING PARTICLE TRAPS
In addition to moored particle traps, experiments with drifting trap were carried out to 
determine particulate carbon flux that originates directly from the euphotic zone.  
Ideally, these sinking flux measurements need to be coupled with measurements of the 
standing stock and production rates of the plankton community in the euphotic zone (see 
next section on plankton biomass and production rates).

To study particle flux below the euphotic zone,  two surface-tethered particle interceptor 
arrays were deployed northeast of the ESTOC station, one carrying one trap at 200 m (Trap 
I, 200 m drifter, Fig. 5.7.1 ), the other one three traps at 200, 300 and 500m depth (Trap 
III, 500 m drifter, Fig. 5.7.2).  The traps were attached to a surface buoy  carrying an 
ARGOS transmitter and a Radar reflector. The main buoyancy was located at about 30 m depth 
to avoid the wind-induced EKMAN layer.  

The first deployment period (Trap III-1 and I-1) lasted from June. 16-19.  During the 
deployment period, the 8mm steel wire of the surface array of I-1 was cut due to unknown 
reasons and only the surface buoy and two packages of fisher buoys could be recovered.  
The entire array below the surface was lost.  In total, I-1 drifted 60 km (or 21 km/d) 
south-west, III-1 drifted only 12.6 km (4.4 km/d) to the west and remained at the same 
latitude (Fig. 5.3.3). The difference in drift verlocity can be explained by the lacking 
water resistance of the short drifter.  Following the drift course, the loss of the array 
I-1 probably occurred in the evening of 18 June, one day before recovery.  

During  the second deployment period, only the 500 m trap was re-deployed from June 19-24.  
This time, the drifter drifted 29 km north-west with a speed of 6 km/d. 


Fig.  5.7.1  Drifter I-1 carrying one trap at 200m depth.

Fig.  5.7.2 Drifter III carrying traps 200, 300 and 500 m depth.

Fig.  5.7.3 Drift course of drifters I-1 and III-1.

PLANKTON BIOMASS AND PRODUCTION RATES
To quantify the plankton community in the euphotic zone during the trap deployments, 
samples were taken for chlorophyll, taxonomically characteristic pigments (analysed with 
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, HPLC) and POC (Particulate organic carbon). All of 
the water samples were filtered on GF/F filters.  While chlorophyll a was analysed onboard 
ship as an acetone extract using a Turner AU 10 fluorometer, POC and HPLC samples were 
kept frozen until analysis onshore.  

Chlorophyll a as indicator of phytoplankton biomass showed the characteristic trend from 
highest values at the relatively eutrophic station EBC (in the proximity to the upwelling 
region) towards low values in the olitotrophic gyre regions (LP) (Fig. 5.7.4).  All 
stations exhibited a deep chlorophyll maximum, located in 75m at EBC and ESTOC, and in 125 
m depth at LP. 

Fig.  5.7.4  Chlorophyll profiles taken at EBC, ESTOC and LP.


To determine phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates under close to in-
situ conditions, dilution experiments were carried out twice at ESTOC (Stations 264 and 
270) and EBC3 (Sta. 286) with water from 25 and 50 m depth in an on-deck incubator.


5.8 STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES, NITROGEN AND CARBON CONCENTRATION OF MARINE PARTICLES 
    (T. Freudenthal)

INTRODUCTION
The origin of organic matter may be characterized by its chemical composition. Especially 
the stable nitrogen isotopes allow valuable insights into the production and degradation 
history of organic particles. Low values of the stable nitrogen isotope ratio (15N and 
high concentrations of organic nitrogen and carbon are expected of material generated in 
an upwelling system. Higher (15N values, on the other hand, are typical of organic matter 
produced in oligotrophic systems. In addition, degradation of organic matter causes an 
enrichment of  (15N. In this study, the stable nitrogen isotope ratio as well as the 
organic nitrogen and carbon content of particulate (mainly suspended) material is 
determined and compared to the organic chemistry of fast sinking material sampled by 
particle traps, located along the 29°N productivity gradient transect.

METHODS
Water from selected depths reaching from 10 m to near the sea floor was sampled on three 
sites along the 29° transect (EBC3, mesotrophic, ESTOC, oligotrophic, and LP, extremely 
oligotrophic) for the analysis of (15N, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), organic 
nitrogen (ON), and organic carbon (OC) content of particles. For the analysis of (15N of 
filtered particles, 5 l of seawater were filtered from each depth onto precombusted GFF-
filters. For the analysis of TN and TC content, respectively, ON and OC content, two 
liters of seawater were filtered onto precombusted GFF-filters. Filters were stored at -
20°C in the dark until further analysis on shore. (15N  will be measured using a Finigan 
mass spectrometer. TN and TC will be measured using a carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen (CHN) -
analyser. ON and OC will be measured on acidified filters using a CHN-analyser. Assuming 
that almost all of the nitrogen in suspended material is of organic origin, the comparison 
of TN and ON may indicate loss of organic material during acidification.

FIRST RESULTS
Assuming that the coloration of the filters is an indicator of particle concentration, 
first results can be seen that are based solely on the optical impression of the filters. 
Confirming the productivity gradient along 29°N the concentration of suspended matter in 
comparable depths was highest at EBC3, and lowest at LP. The concentration was highest in 
surface waters, decreased in the upper 500m at EBC3, and in the upper 1500m at EBC and LP. 
At EBC3, a maximum of suspended matter was observed between 600 and 900m. This could be 
explained by lateral particle transport with a high productivity region like Cape Ghir 
area in the north or Cape Blanc area in the south being the source of the particles. At 
ESTOC, the concentration increased below 1500m with a maximum at 2500m. This observation 
supports the assumption of lateral particle transport being responsible for higher fluxes 
observed with the 3000m particle trap compared to the 700m and 1000m particle traps at 
ESTOC (S.Neuer, personal communication). Concentrations near the sea floor were low at all 
three sites. Resuspension of sedimental material seems to have a minor influence on the 
concentration of suspended matter. Elemental analysis has to be done to confirm these 
primary results.


5.9 THE USE OF STABLE NITROGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPES TO MEASURE PRIMARY PRODUCTION
    (M. Schroeter)

INTRODUCTION
Primary production, the uptake and assimilation of CO2 by autotrophic plankton, can be 
divided into new and regenerated production. New production is based on the uptake of new 
nutrients (e.g. nitrate) that originate from outside the euphotic zone by processes such 
as upwelling or mixing. On the other hand, regenerated production is defined as a primary 
production fuelled by nutrients recycled in the productive euphotic zone, such as ammonia 
excreted by heterotrophic organisms.

New production eventually has to be exported as sedimenting particles (export production) 
to maintain a mass balance in the upper productive layers.

The 29°N transect covers distinct nutrient regimes, from extremly oligotrophic north of La 
Palma to eutrophic regions, close to the NW African upwelling system in the EBC region.

The aim of this study was to correlate the uptake and incorporation of 15N-NO3 and 13C-
HCO3¯ by phytoplankton to new and total primary production rates, respectively.

Methods
Discrete water samples were collected before dawn from nine optical depths (116, 93, 83, 
53, 39, 21 and 8m), corresponding to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 6, 13, 34, 52, 66 and 100% of surface 
irradiance, respectively, to achieve a high resolution of the euphotic zone. Samples were 
incubated in bottles covered with neutral density filters of the corresponding light 
intensity on board (simulated in-situ incubation). Stable isotopes (15NO3, 15NH4 and 
H13CO3) were added in trace concentrations in order to maintain the natural nutrient 
abundance. After about 12h, the experiments were stopped by filtering the samples onto 
precombusted GF/F filters. The incorporated isotopes and the particulare nitrogen and 
carbon contents (PON and POC) will be determined by mass spectrometry and elemental 
analyses in the laboratory. To normalize the primary production rates to biomass, samples 
for chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments were taken for fluorometric and liquid 
chromatograhic analyses.

Also, the impact of nutrient ability on production rates (Michaelis-Menten-kinetics) was 
investigated by adding different nitrogen concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol 
NO3/l) to the incubation experiment.

FIRST RESULTS
Profiles of primary production were taken at all main stations (ESTOC, LP and EBC). All 
stations were characterized by deep chlorophyll maxima and a lack of nutrients in the 
euphotic zone.

The analysis of the chlorophyll samples before and after the incubation experiments showed 
no photoinhibition except for one depth (St. 265, 21 m) indicating that the chosen light 
depths were appropriate for incubation.


5.10 COCCOLITHOPHORES, DIATOMS AND PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA 
     (J. Bollmann)

RESEARCH PROGRAMME
Sampling for coccolithophores, diatoms and planktic foraminifera during METEOR cruise 42/1 
was part of the EC-MASTIII program CANIGO (PL950443) subproject 3: Particle flux and 
paleoceanography in the Eastern Boundary Current, Task 3.1.2 Flux of organisms. This 
cruise is the last cruise of several seasonal cruises within this project and  represents 
the summer season.

The goals are (a) to obtain a better understanding of the seasonal and interannual 
interaction between planktic organisms and the physical environment along a WE-transect 
north of the Canary Islands and (b) to compare this interaction with the long-term 
variability of species composition and flux into the sedimentary archives. 

COCCOLITHOPHORES
During cruise M42/1, water casts of 10 litres were taken at 43 stations from the following 
depth levels: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters. At 24 stations 
samples were taken along a zonal transect from the African coast to La Palma (29°N-
section); six stations were sampled along the meridional transect from La Palma to Madeira 
(18°W), and 13 stations the zonal transect from Madeira towards the African coast (32°N).

Up to 10 litres of water were transferred the rosette Niskin bottles for each depth level 
into carboys after rinsing the carboys with tap water. Within one hour the water was 
filtered onboard through Nucleopore PC filters (0.8µm, 47 mm diameter) using a low-vacuum 
filtration device. Filtration was terminated if the filter became clogged and the amount 
of remaining water was measured. After filtration, the filters were rinsed with 50ml 
buffered destilled water (NH4OH, PH8.5) in order to eliminate all traces of sea salt. 
Rinsed filters were transferred to labelled petri-dishes, dried immediately in an oven at 
40°C for several hours. 

Subsequent analyses will use a scanning electron microscope cell density (#/l) and to 
determine the taxonomic composition of the coccolithophore populations. In addition 
morphological features of Gephyrocapsa sp. and Calcidiscus leptoporus will be analysed.

DIATOMS
Water samples for diatom analyses were taken at 15 stations along the 29°N section 
(African shelf to La Palma) from the following water depth levels: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 
125, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters. About 300 ml of sea water were transferred from rosette 
Niskin bottles into plastic bottles and stained with 30 ml Formol which was buffered to pH 
8 with Hexamethyl-Tetramin .

In addition, at 15 stations a plankton net with 63 µm mesh size was used to sample diatoms 
within the upper 100 m water column (integrated sampling; IGM Lisbon). The net was 
released to 100m water depth and was pulled with 0.3 m/s back to the surface. Subsequently 
the net was rinsed with sea water and the catch was transferred into a plastic bottle and 
stained with Glutardialdehyde.

Subsequent analyses will use a light microscope and if necessary a Scanning Electron 
Microscope (SEM), to determine the diatom standing stock and its assemblage composition.

PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA
Planktic foraminifera were collected with a multi-closing-net (mesh size 64µm) at five 
depth intervals (500-300, 300-150, 150-50, 50-25, 25-0) at 8 stations along the 29°-
section (African shelf to La Palma) including the three stations close to the moorings at 
LP1, ESTOC and EBC2. The multinet-samples were preserved on board with a saturated 
solution of HgCl2 and stained with Bengalrosa. In addition, sea water was taken at the 
base of each net-interval for stable isotope analyses ((18O- and  (13C). These samples 
were preserved with HgCl2 and the glass bottles were sealed with Paraffin to prevent the 
oxidation of organic matter. All samples were stored immediately in a refrigerator at 4°C.

In future analyses the assemblage composition of foraminifera will be determined. Stable 
isotope analyses of selected foraminifera species as well as the stable isotope 
composition of sea water will be performed.


5.11 DEEP-SEA ICHTHYOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OFF NW AFRICA
     (H.-C. John)

Sampling
During leg M42/1b, fish larvae were sampled along two zonal sections: ca 29°N and 32°N 
cross-slope near the African shelf. Vertical hauls were obtained on 28 stations with a 
Hydro-Bios Multinet "MUV" (Multinet vertical) with 0.25 m_  mouth opening and 300 
mikrometer mesh size. The net was equipped with a CTD-system with real-time display on 
board. Retrieval speed was 0.7 m/s. Five net steps were available, and generally sampling 
was in 200 m depth intervals each, from 1000 m depth to the surface, or with somewhat 
finer strata near the surface when bottom depths were 800m or less. Across the continental 
slope between Morocco and west of Lanzarote, horizontal resolution was relative fine (5 - 
7 nautical miles, stations 310 - 320) in order to investigate fish larval patterns in 
relation to along-slope and cross-slope currents. For open ocean ichthyology,  station 
spacing was wider (up to 60 miles, for details see table 5.11.1). At eight of the 28 
stations, additionally three 200 m-strata between 1600 - 1000 m depth plus a wider stratum 
2000 - 1600 m each were sampled. Net no. 5, which can not be closed, provided an 
integrated sample from 1000 m to the surface at each of these stations, too. There were no 
malfunctionings of the net, and also no losses of samples due to torn nets, resulting in a 
total of 36 hauls with 5 samples each.

RESULTS
Preserving the samples, fish larvae or juveniles were observed in any of the 36 hauls and 
generally in all samples down to 600 m depth. Cyclothones (random identifications yielded 
so far at least 7 species) appeared to be centered in the 400 -600 m layer. However, 
ichthyoplankton occurred occasionally even deeper and down to 1200 m, whilst below that 
depth no fish was visible macroscopically.

The ten stations between Morocco and Lanzarote could be sorted already on board for 
ichthyoplankton, and sorted fish could be identified mikroscopically. Sorting was somewhat 
cumbersome due to high abundances of foraminifera in the uppermost layer. 

Figure 5.11.1 shows the gross abundance of fish along this transect, and an abbreviated 
list of the species identified is given in table 5.11.2. Fish larval abundances were high 
above the upper continental slope with more than 150 fishes per squaremeter (Fig. 5.11.1), 
but not so above the slope of Lanzarote, nor in the waters in between. It must be 
emphasized that the sea bottom between Morocco and Lanzarote forms a sill of maximum 
depths of 1300 m only and is thus not an oceanic habitat, really. The decrease in 
abundance coincided approximately with the 1000 m isobath. As shown by table 5.11.2, 
coastal species occupy the rank places 1, 2 and 4. 


Table 5.11.1: Inventory Table 5.11.1: Inventory of ichthyoplankton sampling with the 
              vertical multiple closing net MUV during M42/1b.

              MUV Sta.   Date       UTC     Lat. °N  Long °W  Depth 
              #    #                                          max(m)
              ------------------------------------------------------
               1  306  26.06.1998  21,10    28 40.0  15 35.4  1000
               2  310  27.06.1998  19,56    28 37.0  12 49.0   250
               3  311  27.06.2008  22,43    28 38.0  12 55.1   360
               4  312  28.06.1998  3,08     28 39.6  13 01.1   600
               5  313  28.06.1998  6,03     28 40.0  13 06.1   780
               6  314  28.06.1998  9,44     28 49.9  13 12.1  1000
               7  315  28.06.1998  15,22    28 43.1  13 17.0  1000
               8  316  28.06.1998  21,26    28 44.0  13 22.0  1000
               9  317  29.06.1998  2,27     28 45.0  13 29.0  1000
              10  318  29.06.1998  8,11     28 46.0  13 34.0  1000
              11  319  29.06.1998  13,00    28 48.1  13 43.1   836
              12  320  29.06.1998  18,38    28 51.0  13 56.1  1000
              13  322  30.06.1998  5,31     28 53.0  14 06.0  1000
              14  324  30.06.1998  17,39    28 56.0  14 22.0  2000
              15  324  30.06.1998  21,30    28 56.0  14 22.0  1000
              16  327  01.07.1998  19,18    29 10.0  15 30.1  1000
              17  327  01.07.1998  23,33    29 10.2  15 30.2  2000
              18  331  03.07.1998  2,29     29 10.0  16 34.0  1000
              19  331  03.07.1998  4,32     29 10.1  16 34.0  2000
              20  332  03.07.1998  13,53    29 10.0  16 55.1  1000
              21  332  03.07.1998  17,37    29 10.0  16 55.1  2000
              22  333  03.07.1998  22,53    29 10.0  17 17.1  1000
              23  333  04.07.1998  1,37     29 10.0  17 17.0  2000
              24  335  04.07.1998  19,20    29 10.0  18 00.1  1000
              25  335  04.07.1998  22,27    29 10.1  18 00.2  2000
              26  342  07.07.1998  12,47    32 15.0  18 00.0  1000
              27  343  07.07.1998  21,36    32 14.9  17 25.2  1000
              28  344  08.07.1998  6,52     32 15.0  16 50.0  1000
              29  345  08.07.1998  16,52    32 15.0  16 10.1  1000
              30  349  09.07.1998  22,40    32 15.0  14 10.1  1000
              31  351  10.07.1998  19,05    32 15.0  12 10.0  1000
              32  351  10.07.1998  21,12    32 15.0  12 10.1  2000
              33  353  11.07.1998  13,25    32 15.0  10 50.0  1000
              34  353  11.07.1998  15,34    32 14.9  10 50.0  2000
              35  355  12.07.1998  6,47     32 05.0  10 10.0  1000
              36  356  12.07.1998  13,37    32 02.9  09 55.5   820


Fig.  5.11.1: The gross abundance of fish larvae (number of occurance N per m2) between the 
      shelf edge off Morocco and Lanzarote, plotted by geographical longitude


Table 5.11.2: Abbreviated list of fish species caught between the shelf edge   
              of Morocco and Lanzarote

              Rank  Taxon                      M42/1bCommon name  Number
              ----------------------------------------------------------
               1    Engraulis encrasicholus    Anchovy            151
               2    Gobiidae indet.            Gobies              33
               3    Cyclothone (7 spp.)        ----------          33
               4    Blenniidae indet.          Blennies            19
               5    Ceratoscopelus maderensis  Lanternfish         12
               6    Maurolicus muelleri        Lightfish           12
               7    Sternoptychidae            Hatchetfishes        6


Besides the species listed in table 5.11.2 above, the following rare taxa contributed 1 to 
4 specimens each: Clupeiformes indet., Vinciguerria attenuata, V. poweriae, Pollichthys 
mauli, Stomiatoidei spp., Benthosema sp., Myctophum nitidulum, Diaphus rafinesquei, 
Notoscopelus bolini, Scopelarchidae indet., Pagellus acarne, Serranidae indet., 
Callionymus sp., Trachurus trachurus, Lepidopus caudatus, Arnoglossus sp., Microchirus 
ocellatus, Heterosomata indet., unidentifyable.

The identification of some presumed Maurolicus muelleri is uncertain. These tiny, 
completely unpigmented larvae have been tentatively assigned to Maurolicus due to the 
absence of internal transverse rugae in their intestines. However, they  also bear 
similarities to Ceratoscopelus maderensis,  in case its recently hatched larvae are devoid 
of any pigment. The remaining rank places are occupied by oceanic fish species, which, 
according to macroscopical investigation as well as sorting of nets 1 to 3 of haul no. 13 
, become somewhat more abundant, and more species-rich west of Lanzarote above truly 
oceanic depths. A quick-look analysis of the integrated sample from 1000 m to the surface 
at station 353 on the northern transect yielded 8 cyclothones besides one Argyropelecus 
hemigymnus, Sudis hyalina, Lobianchia dofleini and Serrivomer beani, each.

The species list given above seems to be fairly typical for a Northwest African slope area 
during quiescent summer conditions. A more intensive summer upwelling situation would have 
yielded sardine (Sardina pilchardus) on one of the first rank places, but only scant 
anchovy larvae of larger sizes, originating from earlier spawning. A winter situation 
would have yielded (besides sardine) many larvae of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), 
lanternfish Myctophum punctatum, Maurolicus and probably also hake (Merluccius 
merluccius). The oceanic fauna besides C. maderensis, of which the adults are associated 
with Mediterranean Outflow Water, includes mostly species of the subtropical-temperate 
complex, but no distinct tropical species except for one single Cyclothone livida. This 
latter species, if caught in larger numbers, might serve as a tracer for the intermediate 
poleward slope current in the passage east of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, or within the 
archipelago, respectively, and the teleconnection of this current with the tropical 
Eastern Atlantic margin.

As shown in figure 5.11.2, the decrease of abundance above the shelf edge coincides with 
the change from coastal ("neritic") species to oceanic ones. The boundary is fairly sharp, 
with only slight intrusion of single specimens of oceanic taxa onto the upper continental 
slope, as well as occurrence of single neritic specimens offshore (the questionable 
Maurolicus larvae were not counted as a separate taxon constructing this figure). The 
little overlap between neritic and oceanic groups maybe interpreted also as some evidence 
for little cross-shelf transport, i.e. little or no upwelling during the planktonic phase 
of most of the larvae caughts. Since weak upwelling was evident in the CTD-data, it must 
be emphasized that the CTD-data and fish larval data describe different time scales. The 
larval assemblage is estimated to be generally 1 to 2 weeks old, because among blennies, 
C. maderensis, gobies and the Lampanyctinae preflexion larvae prevailed, whilst anchovy 
was generally in or beyond notochord flexion. However, among blennies and flatfishes even 
some yolk-sac larvae were found of probably 4 - 5 days age, and the questionable 
Maurolicus must also be only few days old. The M. nitidulum caught above the slope (it is 
a high-oceanic species) was in early transformation and thus several weeks old, in which 
time it may have drifted onshore (and probably also downcurrent meridionally). 
Measurements for more precise ageing and grouping for cross-slope zonations of stages 
could not yet be done, neither have vertical distributions been calculated yet.


Fig.  5.11.2:  The numbers of species per station, separated for coastal (neritic) and 
              oceanic taxa (otherwise as for Fig. 5.11.1)



6. SHIP'S METEOROLOGICAL STATION
   (H. D. Behr)

CRUISE, COURSE AND WEATHER
FS "Meteor" sailed from Las Palmas Tuesday, June 16, 1998 at noon, steering on northerly 
courses. There were light northeasterly winds at the first station ca. 80 nm northwest of 
Gran Canaria, originating from a high south of the Azores and a low over the western parts 
of the Saharan desert. The wind turned to North force 4 during the cruise until we reached 
the position LP north of La Palma. After station work at LP R/V Meteor sailed to station 
EBC east of Lanzarote. The African low had moved to the west in the meantime causing 
northeasterly winds of force 6, increasing to 8 for a while. After having finished station 
work east of Lanzarote R/V Meteor sailed westward again to station ESTOC north of Gran 
Canaria and after station work there R/V Meteor called in to Las Palmas again 25 June to 
exchange part of the scientific crew.

After having left Las Palmas on 26 June, the vessel steamed again to the array EBC east of 
Lanzarote to start the hydrographic work on the box north of the Canary Islands. The high 
near the Azores and the low over the Saharan desert were nearly stationary during the 
whole time. However, slight movements in their positions and changes in their intensities 
usually caused northeasterly wind increasing to force 7 in the afternoon decreasing winds 
to force 3 to 4 during the nights.

While approaching the easternmost station on the northern section 357, the Saharan low 
deepened significantly and moved westward towards the high near the Azores. This caused 
the  northeasterly winds to increase to up to force 8 during the last part of this leg. At 
station 357 the wind was light and variable, but there was a lot of dust caused by Saharan 
sand in the air reducing the visibility.

After station work at 357 was finished at July 12 R/V METEOR started her transit to the 
port of Lisbon. On the way, four moorings were to be recovered which was disturbed by 
rough seas due to the strong winds.

In the morning of July 16, 1998 RV METEOR reached Lisbon.


ACTIVITIES OF THE SHIP'S WEATHER WATCH
On a daily basis, weather reports were compiled and published. Comments heron were 
presented on a regular basis to the ship's command and the chief scientist. The other 
participants of the cruise were informed through a bulletin or on special request. Special 
advice was given in some cases. The necessary data and weather maps were received from 
wireless stations (Pinneberg and Nairobi), as satellite pictures (METEOSAT 7 and NOAA 12, 
14, and 15 ), and by fax (forecast charts from ECMWF or DWD) or by e-mail from the 
'Deutscher Wetterdienst', Hamburg and Offenbach/Main.

The forecasts of weather conditions and height of sea and swell were based essentially on 
surface analyses charts of the Northern Atlantic Ocean between 60° N and 20° N. Surface 
observations of West-European and Northwest-African weather-stations and voluntary 
merchant ships were compiled by hand drawing in these charts and analyzed by hand.

Continously measured meteorological parameter were recorded, transferred to the ship's 
data collecting system, and on request were distributed to users through computer links or 
on disks. The sensors and meteorological equipment were maintained on a regular basis, 
some repairs were made.

Standard weather WMO observations were made every hour by the watch officer. Eight of them 
were transmitted into the WMO Global Telecommunication System (GTS); these also included 
additional eye observations done by meteorological staff.

Every day at 12 UTC one radiosonde was launched using the ASAP system by which the 
vertical profile of pressure, temperature, moisture, and horizontal wind up to an altitude 
of 20 to 25 km was determined. The prcesseded data of the records (TEMPS) were transmitted 
to the GTS of the WMO.


Determination of the net total radiation and atmospheric turbidity at sea
Information about the spatial and temporal distribution of the net total radiation and its 
components at the sea surface as well as atmospheric turbidity are important basic 
variables in meteorology and oceanography as well. Off Northwest Africa atmospheric dust 
that origins from the Saharian desert is an imprtant component of atmospheric turbity, and 
it also plays an important role in sedimentation in the ocean. 

In a special research programme, the following radiation components were recorded during 
M42/1: direct solar radiation, sunshine duration, global solar radiation and UV-B global 
solar radiation as well as longwave thermal radiation of the atmosphere. Additional 
components that are necessary to establish a radiation balance as reflected solar 
radiation and ocean surface radiation were computed using numerical models that have been 
successfully tested earlier on research cruises in the Atlantic (Behr, 1990).

Atmospheric turbidity is expressed by a set of coefficients as follows:

* TL: Linke-turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the solar 
      spectrum
* Ts: turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the short-range part of 
      the solar spectrum which provides information about the dust in the atmosphere
* Tr: turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the red part of the 
      solar spectrum which provides information about the water-vapor-content in the atmosphere.

Using an exponential decaying law that describes the turbidity effects as the effect of 
several (clear) Raleigh atmospheres,  the coefficients TL, Ts , and Tr can be computed by 
from:

* the known extraterrestrial solar radiation received from a surface normal to the beam of 
  the sun which depends on the distance sun - earth only
* the direct solar radiation received from a surface normal to the beam of the sun, e.g. 
  measured with a Linke-Feussner-Actinometer
* the optical pathlength that depends on the solar elevation angle
* the optical thickness of the atmosphere

The data set of numerous measurements of direct solar radiation done with a Linke-
Feussner-Actinometer revealed the spatial and temporal variation of the atmospheric 
turbidity during M42/1. As a first result, of the section along ca 29°N from EBC to LP 
(June, 16 to 30)  will be shown here. There was clear air during nearly all the time, but 
a dusty event occurred from June 21 to 25 transporting sand from the Saharan desert. The 
pathways of the airmasses in 9 different pressure levels is revealed by figures 6.1 and 
6.2 by backward trajectories. The trajectories started 108 hours before the day chosen in 
order to reveal the area the air originated from. From June 21 to 25, dusty air originated 
from the Saharan desert reached FS "Meteor" in all layers. The Linke-turbidity-factor is 
correspondingly high: 12 to 18 (see Fig. 6.3). The increasing content of dust can be seen 
by increasing values of Ts from 2 to 4. During all other days clear air originating from a 
maritime area was present in all layers of the atmosphere. The turbidity factors were 
correspondingly low. These findings correspond to former results found by Behr (1990, 
1992).


Fig.  6.1: Backward trajectories in different levels starting 108 hours ago and reaching 
           the position of FS "Meteor" on June 21, 1998 00:00 UTC. The pressure 
           levels used are indicated: surface, 950 hPa [0.5 km], 850 hPa [1.5 
           km], 700 hPa [3.0 km], 500 hPa [5.5 km], and 300 hPa [( 9 km], 140 hPa 
           [(14 km], 100 hPa [( 16 km], and 50 hPa [( 21 km]. 

Fig.  6.2: Same as Fig. 2, but for June 28, 1998

Fig.  6.3: Daily changes of the atmosheric turbidity coefficients TL, Tk, and Tr along ca. 
           29°N (EBC to LP), June 16 to 30, 1998.
 

7. STATIONLISTS

Table 7.1: Station list M42/1
METEOR cruise 42/1 station and sample log
Status: 28.11.1998

List of abbreviations: List of abbreviations:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St:    Station no.
Pr:    CTD profile no., monotonically increasing during the cruise
Wd:    Waterdepth
Wl:    maximum length of wire put out
Instr: Type of instrumentation or mooring or equipment
NB4:   Neil Brown CTD, IFMK internal code NB4, with 21x10 l bottle rosette
VXXX:  Mooring no XXX
TX.Y:  Drifting particle traps: X traps, Yth. deployement
GoFlo: Cast for trace elements with GoFlo bottles on rosette
ISP:   Cast for trace elements with in-situ pumps
XBT:   XBT profile
OS:    Optical sensors with CTD
MN:    Multiple closing plankton net, 500 m - surface
MUV:   Multiple closing plankton net, fish larvae, 2000 m - 1000 m, 1000 m - surface
PN:    Plankton net, 100 m surface
NOAA:  surface drifter
sss:   sun at starboard side


Parameter list for CTD/rosette:
--------------------------------------------------------
 A: lowered ADCP (lADCP, IFMK)), 150 KHz, on CTD/rosette 
 F: Fluorometer attached to CTD
 R: General Oceanic rosette, 21x 10 l Niskin bottles
 0: Gelbstoff (ICCM)
 1: Dissolved oxygen (ICCM), 300 ml
 2: Trace metals (ULPGC) in particular aluminium, 300 ml
 3: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC, IBGMH), 300 ml
 4: Nutrients (ICCM), 200 ml
 5: Chlorophyll (ICCM), 1200 ml
 6: Gelbstoff (UO), 1200 ml
 7: Salt (IFMK), 500 ml
 8: Diatomes (IGM), 300 ml 
 9: Coccolithophorides (ETH), >= 4000 ml
 _   d: d15N   or  u: 15N uptake  or  b: d15N-Blank (GeoB)
 D  Dilution experiment (GeoB)
 H  High pressure liquid cromatography (HPLC, GeoB)
 M  Humin (IBGMH)
 O  TC total carbon (GeoB)
 P  TOC total organic carbon (GeoB)
 Q  POC particulate organic carbon (GeoB)
 T  Total nitrogen (TN, GeoB)
 U  Total organic nitrogen (TON, GeoB)
 X: Dissolved organic matter (DOM, IBGMH)


Table 7.1 (continued)
                                                        Comments / Parameter index
                                                        -----------------------------
Date   Time St  Pr  Latitude Longitude Wd   Wl   Inst   F R A 0 1 3 4 5 7 ( D H M 0 P Q T U X  
UTC    UTC           North    West                      - not attached / sampled
MMDDYY hhmm         GG MM.M  GGG MM.M  [m]  [m]         parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
061698 1300                                             Sail from Las Palmas, begin of M42/1a
061698 1500 260 001 28 31.0  015 23.4  3560 0197 NB4    test CTD/rosette water for traps
061698 2056 261  -9 29 14.4  015 25.1  3606   -9 T1.1   drifting particle trap launched
061698 2157 261  -9 29 14.1  015 26.0  3606   -9 T3.1   drifting particle traps launched
061698 2217 261 002 29 14.1  015 26.3  3606  500 NB4    F R - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - Q - - -
061698 2358 262  -9 29 10.1  015 30.2  3612 3600 ISP
061798 0613 262  -9 29 10.0  015 30.1  3619 1000 GoFlo  
061798 0850 263  -9 29 10.1  015 40.2  3600   -9 V367-4 ESTOC mooring of IFMK recovered
061798 1242 264  -9 29 10.1  015 29.9  3612 3522 GoFlo
061798 1611 264 003 29 10.1  015 29.7  3614 2975 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 d D - - O P - T U -
061898 0435 265 004 29 39.8  017 38.8  4227  115 NB4    F R - - - - - - - u - - - - - - - - -
061898 0717 266  -9 29 45.0  018 00.2  4361  400 ISP
061898 1013 266  -9 29 44.9  018 00.2  4360 4310 GoFlo
061898 1444 266 005 29 45.0  018 00.3  4360 4394 NB4    - R - - - 3 - - 7 d - - M O P - T U -
061898 1819 266  -9 29 45.3  018 00.5  4363 4310 ISP
061998 0034 266  -9 29 45.5  018 01.3  4364  800 GoFlo  - - - - - - - 5 - - - -  - - -- - - -
061998 0430 267 006 29 36.5  017 25.9  4145  140 NB4    - R - - - - 4 - - u , 15N experiment
061998 1235 268 007 29 02.6  015 50.8  3624  200 NB4    - R - water for traps
061998 1450 269  -9 29 04.1  015 29.2    -9   -9 T1.1   recovery; trap and current meter lost
061998 1629 269  -9 29 14.5  015 33.8    -9   -9 T3.1   recovery
061998 1701 269 008 29 14.5  015 33.7  3614  499 NB4    - R - - - - - 5 - - - H - - - - - - -
061998 1854 270  -9 29 14.9  015 24.8  3604   -9 T3.2   drifting particle traps launched
061998 1905 270 009 29 14.7  015 24.7  3605  200 NB4    - R - - - - - 5 - - D - - - - - - - -
061998 2020 271  -9 29 09.7  015 30.1  3614  700 ISP
061998 2306 271  -9 29 09.4  015 30.6  3614  800 GoFlo
062098 0010 271 010 29 09.4  015 30.7  3614 3622 NB4    - R - - - 3 - - 7 d - - - O P - T U X 
062098 0300 271  -9 29 09.6  015 31.5  3614 3200 ISP
062098 1106 272  -9 29 11.9  015 38.4  3621   -9 V367-5 ESTOC mooring of IFMK set
062098 1142 272 011 29 10.0  015 39.9  3623 3622 NB4    - R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062198 0137 273  -9 28 42.9  013 17.0  1023  400 ISP
062198 0350 273 012 28 43.0  013 17.0  1017  200 NB4    F R - - - - 4 - - u - - - - - - - - -
062198 0510 274  -9 28 42.2  013 09.8   998   -9 V378-2 EBC2 mooring of IFMK recovered
062198 0826 275  -9 28 46.4  013 27.6  1276   -9 ECB4-2 mooring of IEO recovered
062198 1025 276  -9 28 48.6  013 38.4  1037   -9 EBC5-2 mooring of IEO recovered
062198 1200 277 013 28 48.2  013 42.2   906  901 NB4    F R -  no samples
062198 1643 278 014 28 46.0  013 33.8  1196 1198 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062198 1816 279 015 28 45.0  013 28.9  1282 1279 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062198 2000 280 016 28 44.0  013 23.1  1344 1329 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062198 2325 281  -9 28 43.8  013 21.0  1192 1167 ISP
062298 0134 281  -9 28 43.8  013 21.1  1190  801 GoFlo
062298 0241 281 017 28 43.8  013 21.1  1191 1097 NB4    F R - - - 3 - - 7 u , 13C uptake
062298 0509 282 018 28 42.0  013 12.0  1054 1046 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062298 0757 283  -9 28 42.1  013 09.7  1006   -9 V378-3 EBC2 mooring of IFMK set
062298 1057 284  -9 28 44.3  013 17.9  1180   -9 V377-2 EBC3 mooring of IFMK recovered
062298 1232  -9  -9 28 43.9  013 19.5  1177   -9 XBT    test
062298 1457 285  -9 28 45.3  013 27.6  1296  -9  EBC4-3 mooring of IEO set
062298 1724 286 019 28 41.0  013 06.0   824  820 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062298 1850 287 020 28 39.9  013 01.0   631  628 NB4    F R - - - - - 5 7 b D - - - - - - - -
062298 2218 288 021 28 34.0  012 31.2   101   91 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062298 2325 289 022 28 35.1  012 37.1   106   96 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 0028 290 023 28 36.0  012 44.1   170  162 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 0131 291 024 28 37.0  012 49.0   253  246 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 0236 292 025 28 37.9  012 54.1   355  348 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 0502 293 026 28 43.0  013 17.0  1010  125 NB4    F R - - - - - - - u - - - - - - - - -
062398 0544 293  -9 28 43.5  013 17.0  1106 1078 GoFlo
062398 0832 294  -9 28 44.0  013 19.1  1188   -9 V377-3 EBC3 mooring of IFMK set
062398 0922 294 027 28 45.2  013 18.9  1275 1270 NB4    F R - - - - 4 5 - d - - - O P - T U X 
062398 1317 295  -9 28 49.3  013 40.2   974   -9 EBC5-3 mooring of IEO set
062398 1529 296 028 28 51.0  013 59.0  1583 1581 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 1734 297 029 28 52.0  013 56.0  1054 1056 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 2054 298 030 28 54.1  014 10.2  2264 2012 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062398 2328 299 031 28 56.2  014 21.2  3003 1996 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062498 0200 300 032 28 58.0  014 33.0  3349 1990 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 u - - - - - - - - -
062498 0447 301 033 29 01.0  014 44.0  3516 1982 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062498 0709 302 034 29 03.9  014 55.0  3565 1987 NB4    F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062498 1245 303  -9 29 17.9  015 41.3    -9   -9 T3.2   recovered
062498 1312 303 035 29 17.9  015 41.1  3624  507 NB4    F R - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - Q - - -
062498 1520 304  -9 29 10.0  015 30.0  3614 2000 ISP
062498 1904 304 036 29 10.4  015 30.2  3612 3648 NB4    - R - 0 1 - 4 5 7 - - - - - - - - - -
062498 2157 304  -9 29 10.5  015 30.2  3614  200 PN     Plankton net of IEO
062498 2222  -9  -9 29 10.6  015 30.0  3613   -9 NOAA   drifter launched

Table 7.1 (continued)
                                                        Comments / Parameter index
                                                        -----------------------------
Date   Time St  Pr  Latitude Longitude Wd   Wl   Inst   F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UTC    UTC           North    West                      - not attached / sampled
MMDDYY hhmm         GG MM.M  GGG MM.M  [m]  [m]         parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
062598 0000 305 037 29 07.0  015 12.0  3589 1989 NB4    - R - - - - - - - - 7 - -
062598 0211  -9  -9 29 00.0  015 13.4  3692   -9 XBT
062598 0302  -9  -9 28 50.0  015 15.0  3593   -9 XBT
062598 0352  -9  -9 28 40.0  015 16.9  3577   -9 XBT
062598 0442  -9  -9 28 30.0  015 18.6  3487   -9 XBT
062598 0532  -9  -9 28 20.0  015 20.4  3153   -9 XBT
062598 0718  -9  -9 -9 -9     -9 -9      -9   -9        Port of Las Palmas, end of M42/1a
062698 1600  -9  -9 -9 -9     -9 -9      -9   -9        Sail from Las Palmas, begin of M42/1b
062698 1901 306  -9 28 40.0  015 35.3  3583 1003 GoFlo
062698 2015 306 038 28 40.0  015 35.3  3582  999 NB4    F R A, test ok, substandard
062698 2112 306  -9 28 39.9  015 35.5  3582  999 MUV    test ok
062698 2212 306  -9 28 39.8  015 35.6    -9  100 PN     test ok
062698 2229 306  -9 28 39.7  015 35.7  3583  100 MN     test ok
062698 2255 306  -9 28 39.5  015 35.8  3584 1600 OS     test ok
062798 1450 307 039 28 34.1  012 32.0   102   88 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
062798 1516 307  -9 28 33.9  012 32.2   102   94 OS
062798 1618 308 040 28 34.9  012 36.9   104   98 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - -
062798 1644 308  -9 28 34.8  012 37.0   105   95 OS     sss
062798 1749 309 041 28 36.5  012 43.5   181  174 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - -
062798 1817 309  -9 28 36.5  012 43.6   174  165 OS     sss 
062798 1922 310 042 28 37.0  012 49.2   254  249 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
062798 1954 310  -9 28 36.9  012 49.5   254  248 MUV
062798 2024 310  -9 28 36.6  012 49.7    -9  100 PN
062798 2042 310  -9 28 36.5  012 50.3   254  250 OS
062798 2152 311 043 28 38.0  012 54.7   367  363 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9
062798 2241 311  -9 28 38.0  012 55.2   367  367 MUV
062798 2315 311  -9 28 38.0  012 55.5   383  360 OS
062898 0030 312  -9 28 39.6  013 00.9   617  601 GoFlo
062898 0205 312 044 28 39.7  013 01.0   623  622 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9
062898 0305 312  -9 28 39.6  013 01.1   623  594 MUV
062898 0350 312  -9 28 39.7  013 01.4   636  620 OS
062898 0500 313 045 28 40.0  013 06.1   800  802 NB4    F R A - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - -
062898 0601 313  -9 28 40.0  013 06.1   796  722 MUV
062898 0651 313  -9 28 40.0  013 06.1   800  790 OS
062898 0828 314 046 28 42.0  013 12.0  1060 1052 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
062898 0944 314  -9 28 42.0  013 12.2  1061  990 MUV
062898 1043 314  -9 28 41.9  013 12.2  1061 1045 OS
062898 1137 314  -9 28 42.0  013 12.3    -9  100 PN
062898 1157 314  -9 28 42.0  013 12.4  1064  500 MN
062898 1256 314 047 28 42.0  013 12.4  1064  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062898 1410 315 048 28 43.0  013 17.0  1035 1019 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -
062898 1521 315  -9 28 43.0  013 17.0  1017  987 MUV
062898 1620 315  -9 28 43.1  013 17.0  1064 1000 OS     sss; ship is drifting SSW, 1.2 Kn
062898 1724 315  -9 28 43.0  013 17.0  1023  500 MN
062898 1817 315  -9 28 43.0  013 17.0  1016  100 PN
062898 1838 315 049 28 43.0  013 17.0  1016  301 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062898 1957 316 050 28 44.0  013 22.0  1261 1257 NB4    F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 
062898 2125 316  -9 28 43.9  013 22.0  1259  988 MUV
062898 2229 316  -9 28 43.9  013 22.0  1267 1250 OS
062898 2330 316 051 28 43.9  013 22.0  1256  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062998 0101 317 052 28 45.0  013 29.0  1289 1285 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 
062998 0223 317  -9 28 45.0  013 29.0  1290  989 MUV
062998 0323 317  -9 28 45.0  013 29.0  1289 1250 OS
062998 0422 317 053 28 45.0  013 29.0  1290  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062998 0536 318  -9 28 46.1  013 34.0  1196 1001 GoFlo
062998 0647 318 054 28 46.0  013 34.0  1195 1191 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -
062998 0808 318  -9 28 46.0  013 34.0  1193  987 MUV
062998 0911 318  -9 28 46.2  013 34.1  1191 1180 OS
062998 1006 318  -9 28 46.3  013 34.3    -9  100 PN
062998 1021 318 055 28 46.4  013 34.2  1185  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062998 1151 319 056 28 48.0  013 43.1   850  847 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9
062998 1258 319  -9 28 48.2  013 43.1   835  828 MUV
062998 1345 319  -9 28 48.2  013 43.2   833  820 OS
062998 1730 320 057 28 51.1  013 56.0  1000  997 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -
062998 1837 320  -9 28 51.0  013 56.1  1023  989 MUV
062998 1940 320  -9 28 50.7  013 56.3  1131 1040 OS
062998 2048 320  -9 28 51.1  013 56.2  1027  500 MN
062998 2143 320  -9 28 51.1  013 56.3    -9  100 PN
062998 2202 320 058 28 51.0  013 56.5  1027  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
062998 2310 321 059 28 52.0  014 01.0  1876 1876 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - -
063098 0102 321  -9 28 52.0  014 01.0  1876 1500 OS
063098 0215 321 060 28 52.0  014 01.0  1875  301 NB4    F R - - - 2 - - - - - - 9

Table 7.1 (continued)
                                                        Comments / Parameter index
                                                        -----------------------------
Date   Time St  Pr  Latitude Longitude Wd   Wl   Inst   F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UTC    UTC           North    West                      - not attached / sampled
MMDDYY hhmm         GG MM.M  GGG MM.M  [m]  [m]       parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
063098 0338 322 061 28 53.0  014 06.0  2093 2095 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 
063098 0529 322  -9 28 53.0  014 06.0  2096  992 MUV
063098 0629 322  -9 28 53.0  014 06.0  2098 1500 OS
063098 0745 322  -9 28 53.0  014 06.0    -9  500 MN
063098 0837 322 062 28 53.1  014 06.1  2111  300 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
063098 1001 323 063 28 54.5  014 14.0  2980 2980 NB4    F R A - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - -
063098 1228 323  -9 28 54.6  014 14.0  2968 1500 OS
063098 1338 323 064 28 54.4  014 14.0  2964  301 NB4    F R - - - - - - - - - - 9
063098 1508 324 065 28 56.0  014 22.0  2977 2985 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - -
063098 1736 324  -9 28 56.0  014 22.0  2975 1967 MUV
063098 1922 324  -9 28 55.2  014 22.4  2930 1500 OS     sss
063098 2055 324 066 28 56.0  014 22.0  2975  298 NB4    - R - - - - - - - - - - 9
063098 2128 324  -9 28 56.0  014 22.1  2976  988 MUV
070198 0020 325  -9 29 01.0  014 44.0  3517 1000 GoFlo
070198 0137 325 067 29 01.0  014 44.0  3515 3517 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070198 0410 325  -9 29 01.0  014 44.0  3524 1500 OS
070198 0520 325  -9 29 01.0  014 44.0  3523  100 PN
070198 0539 325 068 29 01.0  014 44.0  3524  300 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9
070198 0814 326 069 29 05.5  015 07.0  3596 3605 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070198 1101 326  -9 29 05.5  015 07.7  3580 1500 OS
070198 1210 326 070 29 05.5  015 07.7  3851 3607 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070198 1644 327 071 29 10.0  015 30.0  3628 3639 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070198 1919 327  -9 29 10.0  015 30.0  3631  989 MUV
070198 2016 327  -9 29 10.0  015 30.0  3631 1500 OS
070198 2125 327  -9 29 10.0  015 30.0  3631  500 MN
070198 2225 327  -9 29 10.0  015 30.1    -9  100 PN
070198 2242 327 072 29 10.2  015 30.2  3629  300 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
070198 2333 327  -9 29 10.2  015 30.4  3613 1965 MUV
070298 0229 328 073 29 10.0  015 40.0  3621 3596 NB4    - R A - - - - - - - - - -
070298 0911 329  -9 29 10.1  015 50.1  3645 1500 OS
070298 1124 329 074 29 10.0  015 50.1  3628 3652 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070298 1455 329 075 29 10.0  015 50.0  3642  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070298 1723 330 076 29 10.0  016 12.1  3658 3683 NB4    - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070298 2004 330  -9 29 10.1  016 12.2  3659 1500 OS
070298 2110 330 077 29 10.0  016 12.0  3659  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9
070298 2341 331 078 29 10.0  016 34.0  3705 3733 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070398 0228 331  -9 29 10.0  016 34.0  3705  989 MUV
070398 0327 331  -9 29 10.0  016 34.0  3705 1500 OS
070398 0431 331  -9 29 10.0  016 34.0  3705 1967 MUV
070398 0616 331 079 29 10.0  016 34.0  3706  301 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9
070398 0700 331  -9 29 10.0  016 34.0  3723  500 MN
070398 0749 331  -9 29 10.0  016 34.0  3724  100 PN
070398 0949 332  -9 29 10.1  016 55.0  3839 1000 GoFlo
070398 1106 332 080 29 10.0  016 55.0  3854 3862 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070398 1350 332  -9 29 10.0  016 55.0  3838  987 MUV
070398 1450 332  -9 29 10.0  016 55.0  3838 1500 OS
070398 1600 332 081 29 10.0  016 55.2  3839  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070398 1635 332  -9 29 10.0  016 55.0  3838 1968 MUV
070398 2001 333 082 29 10.0  017 17.0  3934 3946 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070398 2251 333  -9 29 10.0  017 17.0  3916  987 MUV
070398 2350 333  -9 29 10.0  017 17.0  3915 1500 OS
070498 0056 333 083 29 10.0  017 17.0  3933  299 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070498 0135 333  -9 29 10.0  017 17.0  3916 1968 MUV
070498 0322 333 084 29 10.0  017 17.0  3916 2976 NB4    - R -, substandard
070498 0718 334 085 29 10.0  017 40.0  3788 3813 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070498 1008 334  -9 29 10.0  017 40.0  3785 1500 OS
070498 1122 334 086 29 10.2  017 40.0  3791  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070498 1346 335  -9 29 10.2  018 00.3  3771 2782 GoFlo
070498 1616 335 087 29 10.1  018 00.0  3696 3725 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070498 1937 335  -9 29 10.0  018 00.2  3695  989 MUV
070498 2034 335  -9 29 10.1  018 00.1  3698 1500 OS
070498 2141 335 088 29 10.0  018 00.2  3696  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070498 2225 335  -9 29 10.0  018 00.0  3694 2000 MUV
070598 0219 336 089 29 28.5  018 00.0  4203 4242 NB4    - R A - 1 - - 4 - 6 7 - -
070598 0527 336  -9 29 28.5  018 00.0  4205 1500 OS
070598 0633 336 090 29 28.5  018 00.0  4205  302 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - -
070598 0733 336  -9 29 28.5  018 00.0  4204 4235 FSI, test on 12x12 l rosette
070598 1247 337 091 29 47.0  018 00.0  4413 4391 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070598 1559 337  -9 29 47.0  018 00.0  4369 1500 OS
070598 1726 337  -9 29 47.0  018 00.0  4371  500 MN
070598 1816 337 092 29 47.1  018 00.0  4372  304 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9
070598 1854 337  -9 29 47.0  018 00.0    -9  100 PN
070598 2202 338 093 30 15.0  018 00.0  4483 4541 NB4    - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070698 0121 338  -9 30 15.1  018 00.1  4492 1500 OS
070698 0239 338 094 30 15.0  018 00.1  4494  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9

Table 7.1 (continued)
                                                        Comments / Parameter index
                                                        -----------------------------
Date   Time St  Pr  Latitude Longitude Wd   Wl   Inst   F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UTC    UTC           North    West                      - not attached / sampled
MMDDYY hhmm         GG MM.M  GGG MM.M  [m]  [m]         parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
070698 0611 339 095 30 45.0  018 00.0  4542 4582 NB4    - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070698 1007 339  -9 30 45.2  018 00.1  4544 1500 OS
070698 1119 339 096 30 45.2  018 00.0  4543  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - 9
070698 1509 340  -9 31 15.1  018 00.0  4576 1000 GoFlo
070698 1624 340 097 31 15.0  018 00.0  4577 4608 NB4    - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070698 1944 340  -9 31 15.1  018 00.2  4577 1500 OS
070698 2100 340 098 31 15.1  018 00.1  4577  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9
070798 0101 341 099 31 45.0  018 00.0  4555 4603 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070798 0423 341  -9 31 45.0  018 00.0  4554 1500 OS
070798 0529 341 100 31 45.0  018 00.0  4555  300 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9
070798 0917 342 101 32 15.0  018 00.0  4424 4473 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070798 1245 342  -9 32 15.0  018 00.0  4425  976 MUV
070798 1349 342  -9 32 15.2  018 00.0  4425 1500 OS
070798 1500 342 102 32 15.1  018 00.0  4424  301 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070798 1834 343 103 32 15.0  017 25.0  4222 4264 NB4    - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - -
070798 2136 343  -9 32 15.0  017 25.0  4222 1000 MUV
070798 2232 343  -9 32 15.0  017 25.0  4221 1500 OS
070798 2345 343 104 32 15.0  017 24.9  4221  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9
070898 0330 344 105 32 15.0  016 50.0  3580 3603 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070898 0610 344  -9 32 15.0  016 50.0  3580  988 MUV
070898 0709 344  -9 32 15.0  016 50.0  3581 1500 OS
070898 0821 344 106 32 14.9  016 49.9  3578  300 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070898 1235 345  -9 32 15.0  016 10.0  4302 1000 GoFlo
070898 1350 345 107 32 15.0  016 10.0  4303 4345 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070898 1651 345  -9 32 15.0  016 10.0  4303  993 MUV
070898 1753 345  -9 32 14.6  016 10.3  4303 1500 OS     sss
070898 1904 345 108 32 14.1  016 10.6  4335  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070898 1943 345  -9 32 14.1  016 10.8  4331   95 GoFlo
070898 2315 346 109 32 15.0  015 40.1  4353 4397 NB4    - R A - 1 - - 4 5 6 7 - -
070998 0508 347 110 32 15.0  015 10.0  4366 4414 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070998 0815 347  -9 32 15.0  015 10.0  4366 1500 OS
070998 0922 347 111 32 15.0  015 10.0  4367  300 NB4    - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
070998 1235 348 112 32 15.0  014 40.0  4362 4408 NB4    - R A - 1 - - 4 5 6 7 - -
070998 1819 349  -9 32 15.0  014 10.0  4334 1009 GoFlo
070998 1928 349 113 32 15.0  014 10.0  4334 4375 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
070998 2238 349  -9 32 15.0  014 10.0  4334  992 MUV
070998 2340 349  -9 32 15.0  014 10.0  4325 1500 OS
071098 0054 349 114 32 15.0  014 10.0  4336  301 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
071098 0646 350 115 32 15.0  013 10.0  3998 4032 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
071098 0946 350  -9 32 15.0  013 10.0  3999 1500 OS
071098 1056 350 116 32 15.0  013 10.0  4002  301 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
071098 1620 351 117 32 15.0  012 10.0  3385 3406 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
071098 1903 351  -9 32 15.0  012 10.0  3384  990 MUV
071098 2000 351  -9 32 15.0  012 10.0  3385 1500 OS
071098 2111 351  -9 32 15.0  012 10.1  3385 1969 MUV
071098 2301 351 118 32 15.0  012 10.0  3386  301 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
071198 0330 352 119 32 15.0  011 25.0  3340 3368 NB4    - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
071198 0605 352  -9 32 15.0  011 25.0  3340 1500 OS
071198 0712 352 120 32 15.0  011 25.0  3340  300 NB4    - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9
071198 0754  -9  -9 32 15.1  011 25.0  3350   -9 NOAA   drifter launched
071198 1057 353 121 32 15.0  010 50.0  3239 3256 NB4    - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
071198 1323 353  -9 32 15.0  010 50.0  3240  988 MUV
071198 1425 353  -9 32 14.7  010 50.0  3244 1500 OS
071198 1535 353  -9 32 15.0  010 50.0  3239 1969 MUV
071198 1718 353 122 32 15.0  010 50.0  3239  303 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
071198 1757 353  -9 32 15.0  010 50.0  3242  100 PN
071198 2017 354  -9 32 10.0  010 29.0  2778 1000 GoFlo
071198 2129 354 123 32 10.0  010 29.0  2772 2771 NB4    F R A, no samples
071198 2344 354  -9 32 10.0  010 29.0  2791 1500 OS
071298 0055 354  -9 32 10.0  010 29.0  2791  100 PN
071298 0118 354 124 32 10.0  010 29.0  2776 2775 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
071298 0524 355 125 32 05.0  010 10.0  1482 1477 NB4    F R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - -
071298 0645 355  -9 32 05.0  010 10.0  1484  988 MUV
071298 0743 355  -9 32 05.0  010 10.0  1478 1460 OS
071298 0855 355 126 32 05.0  010 10.0  1477  304 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9
071298 0933 355  -9 32 05.0  010 10.0  1478  100 PN
071298 1112 356  -9 32 03.0  009 55.5   829  807 GoFlo
071298 1228 356 127 32 03.0  009 55.5   863  886 NB4    F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
071298 1335 356  -9 32 03.0  009 55.5   888  813 MUV
071298 1429 356  -9 32 02.8  009 55.7  1014  990 OS     sss
071298 1523 356  -9 32 02.8  009 55.7  1071  500 MN
071298 1615 356  -9 32 02.7  009 55.8  1086  100 PN
071298 1710 357 128 32 02.0  009 52.0   113  108 NB4    F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9
071298 1737 357  -9 32 02.0  009 52.0   116  106 OS
071298 1753 357  -9 32 02.0  009 52.0   121  100 PN

Table 7.1 (continued)
                                                           Comments / Parameter index
                                                    ----------------------------------------
Date   Time  St  Pr Latitude Longitude  Wd  Wl Inst F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UTC    UTC           North     West                    - not attached / sampled
MMDDYY hhmm         GG MM.M  GGG MM.M  [m] [m]      parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
071498 0838 358  -9 37 29.3  009 37.7  1739 -9  C4  start positioning of mooring C4
071498 1001 358  -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9  C4  release confirmed; range=1626 m
071498 1005 358  -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9  C4  release confirmed; range=1625 m
071498 1010 358  -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9  C4  release confirmed; range=1627 m
071498 1013 358  -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9  C4  mooring not recovered
071498 1112 359  -9 37 29.77 009 29.85 1289 -9  C3  mooring recovered
071498 1816 360  -9 38 23.88 009 52.80   -9 -9  C6  mooring recovered
071498 2042 361  -9 38 30.36 009 51.12 1802 -9  C5  several release command not confirmed
071598 0420 358  -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9  C4  2 dredge trials around C4 not successful
071698 0600  -9  -9 -9 -9     -9 -9      -9 -9      Port of Lisboa, end of M42/1



Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357
  
Samples: 0-Gelbstoff  1-oxygen  3-DOC    4-nutrients       5-chlorophyll  7-salinity
         d,u,b 15N    H HPLC    M Humin  O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC  T,U TN,TON     X (DOM)

                          Station/cast (water depth)
                          --------------------------
Pres| 260/1  | 261/2  | 264/3  | 265/4  | 266/5  | 267/6  | 268/7  | 269/8  |
dbar|(1000 m)|(3607 m)|(3613 m)|(4228 m)|(4360 m)|(4146 m)|(3624 m)|(1060 m)|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8|        |        |        |--u-----|        |--u-----|        |        |
  10|        |-5----Q-|        |        |        |        |        |-5------|
  20|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  25|        |-5----Q-|-7------|        |        |        |        |-5------|
  39|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  50|        |-5----Q-|-7------|        |37dMOPTU|        |        |-5------|
  53|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  75|        |-5----Q-|        |        |        |        |        |-5------|
  83|        |        |        |--u-----|        |--u-----|        |        |
  93|        |        |        |--u-----|        |--u-----|        |        |
 100|        |-5----Q-|        |        |        |        |        |-5------|
 116|        |        |        |--u-----|        |--u-----|        |        |
 125|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 150|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |-5------|
 200|        |-5----Q-|-7d-OPTU|        |37dMOPTU|        |        |-5------|
 300|        |------Q-|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 400|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 500|        |------Q-|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 600|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 700|        |        |-7d-OPTU|        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
 750|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 850|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 900|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1000|        |        |-7d-OPTU|        |        |        |        |        |
1100|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1200|        |        |        |        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
1300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1500|        |        |        |        |37-M----|        |        |        |
1800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2000|        |        |-7d-OPTU|        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
2250|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2500|        |        |        |        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
2800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3000|        |        |-7d-OPTU|        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
3300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3500|        |        |        |        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
4000|        |        |        |        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |
Botm|        |        |        |        |37dMOPTU|        |        |        |


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357

Samples: 0-Gelbstoff  1-oxygen  3-DOC    4-nutrients       5-chlorophyll  7-salinity
         d,u,b 15N    H HPLC    M Humin  O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC  T,U TN,TON     X (DOM)

                          Station/cast (water depth)
                          --------------------------
Pres| 270/9  | 271/10 | 272/11 | 273/12 | 277/13 | 278/14 | 279/15 | 280/16 |
dbar|(3605 m)|(3615 m)|(3623 m)|(1017 m)| (909 m)|(1196 m)|(1283 m)|(1335 m)|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  10|-5------|        |-7------|        |        |-7------|-7------|-7------|
  20|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  25|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  39|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  50|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  53|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  75|-5------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  83|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
  93|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
 100|-5------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 116|        |        |        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |
 125|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 150|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 200|        |3-d----X|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 400|        |3-d----X|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 600|        |3-d----X|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 700|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 750|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 800|        |3-d----X|        |        |        |        |        |        |
 850|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 900|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1000|        |        |-7------|        |        |        |        |        |
1100|        |3-d----X|        |        |        |        |        |        |
1200|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
1300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1500|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
1800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2000|        |3-d----X|-7------|        |        |        |        |        |
2250|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
2500|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
2800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3000|        |3-d----X|-7------|        |        |        |        |        |
3300|        |3-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |        |
3500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
4000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
Botm|        |3-dOPTUX|-7------|        |        |-7------|-7------|-7------|



Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357

Samples: 0-Gelbstoff  1-oxygen  3-DOC    4-nutrients       5-chlorophyll  7-salinity
         d,u,b 15N    H HPLC    M Humin  O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC  T,U TN,TON     X (DOM)

                          Station/cast (water depth)
                          --------------------------
Pres|  281/17| 282/18 | 286/19 | 287/20 | 288/21 | 289/22 | 290/23 | 291/24 |
dbar|(1191 m)|(1056 m)| (816 m)| (629 m)| (102 m)| (106 m)| (169 m)| (252 m)|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8|-7u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  10|        |-7------|-7------|-57-----|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|
  20|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  25|        |        |        |-57-----|        |        |        |        |
  39|-7u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  50|        |        |        |-57-----|        |        |        |        |
  53|37u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  75|        |        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |
  83|-7u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  93|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 100|37u-----|        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |
 116|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 125|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 150|        |        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |
 200|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 300|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 400|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 500|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 600|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 700|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 750|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 850|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 900|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1000|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1100|3-------|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1200|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2250|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
4000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
Botm|37------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357

Samples: 0-Gelbstoff  1-oxygen  3-DOC    4-nutrients       5-chlorophyll  7-salinity
         d,u,b 15N    H HPLC    M Humin  O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC  T,U TN,TON     X (DOM)

                          Station/cast (water depth)
                          --------------------------
Pres| 292/25 | 293/26 | 294/27 | 296/28 | 297/29 | 298/30 | 299/31 | 300/32 |
dbar| (354 m)|(1003 m)|(1274 m)|(1590 m)|(1054 m)|(2245 m)|(3001 m)|(3349 m)|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8|        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  10|-7------|        |-5dOPTUX|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|
  20|        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  25|        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |        |
  39|        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  50|        |        |-5dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
  53|        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  75|        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |        |
  83|        |--u-----|        |        |        |        |        |        |
  93|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 100|        |        |-5dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 116|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 125|        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |        |
 150|        |        |-5------|        |        |        |        |        |
 200|        |        |-5dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 300|        |        |--dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 400|        |        |--dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 500|        |        |--dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 600|        |        |4-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 700|        |        |4-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 750|        |        |4-------|        |        |        |        |        |
 800|        |        |4-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
 850|        |        |4-------|        |        |        |        |        |
 900|        |        |4-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
1000|        |        |4-dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
1100|        |        |--dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
1200|        |        |--dOPTUX|        |        |        |        |        |
1300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2000|        |        |        |        |        |-7------|-7------|-7------|
2250|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2800|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
4000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
Botm|-7------|        |--dOPTUX|-7------|-7------|        |        |        |


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357

Samples: 0-Gelbstoff  1-oxygen  3-DOC    4-nutrients       5-chlorophyll  7-salinity
         d,u,b 15N    H HPLC    M Humin  O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC  T,U TN,TON     X (DOM)

                          Station/cast (water depth)
                          -------------------------- 
Pres| 301/33 | 302/34 | 303/35 | 304/36 | 305/37 |        |        |        |
dbar|(3517 m)|(3564 m)|(3625 m)|(3613 m)|(3590 m)|        |        |        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  10|-7------|-7------|        |01--4--7|-7------|        |        |        |
  20|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  25|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
  39|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  50|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
  53|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  75|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
  83|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
  93|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 100|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 116|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 125|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 150|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 200|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 300|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 400|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 500|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 600|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 700|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 750|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 800|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
 850|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
 900|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1000|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
1100|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
1200|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
1300|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
1500|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
1800|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
2000|-7------|-7------|        |01--4--7|-7------|        |        |        |
2250|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
2500|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
2800|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
3000|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
3300|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
3500|        |        |        |01--4--7|        |        |        |        |
4000|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
Botm|        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |


*************************************************************
Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               --------------------------
Pres|  307/39  |  308/40  |  309/41  |  310/42  |  311/43  |  312/44  |  313/45  | 314/46,47|
dbar| (102 m)  | (104 m)  | (180 m)  | (252 m)  | (366 m)  | (623 m)  | (800 m)  | (1060 m) |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|          |          |__________|__________|__________|          |__________|
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 100|          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 125|          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 150|          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 200|          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 250|          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|
 275|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 300|          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|__________|
 400|          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|
 500|          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|
 600|          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|
 700|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|
 800|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|
 900|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|
1000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|
1150|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1200|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1300|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1800|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2800|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres| 315/48,49| 316/50,51| 317/52,53| 318/54,55|  319/56  | 320/57,58| 321/59,60| 322/61,62|
dbar| (1019 m) | (1260 m) | (1290 m) | (1192 m) |  (890 m) | (1001 m) | (1880 m) | (2100 m) |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 275|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|          |
 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |          |
 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 700|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |          |
 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 900|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|          |          |
1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|
1150|          |__________|__________|__________|          |          |__________|__________|
1200|          |__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
1300|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|
1500|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|
1800|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|
2000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|
2250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2800|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres| 323/63,64| 324/65,66| 325/67,68| 326/69,70| 327/71,72|  328/73  | 329/74,75| 330/76,77|
dbar| (2967 m) | (2980 m) | (3525 m) | (3601 m) | (3632 m) | (3639 m) | (3647 m) |  (3676 m)|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 275|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 700|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
 900|          |          |__________|__________|   open   |          |__________|__________|
1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
1200|          |          |__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
2800|          |          |__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
3000|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
3500|          |          |__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
4000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres| 331/78,79| 332/80,81| 333/82-84| 334/85,86| 335/87,88| 336/89,90| 337/91,92| 338/93,94|
dbar| (3723 m) | (3856 m) | (3938 m) | (3794 m) | (3720 m) | (4224 m) | (4388 m) | (4517 m) |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|          |
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 275|          |          |          |          |__________|          |          |          |
 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 700|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 900|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
3000|__________|__________|__________|__________|   open   |__________|__________|__________|
3500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
4000|          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|__________|
4250|          |          |          |          |          |          |__________|__________|
Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres| 339/95,96| 340/97,98|341/99,100|342/101,-2|343/103,-4|344/105,-6|345/107,-8| 346/109  |
dbar| (4568 m) | (4594 m) | (4566 m) | (4438 m) | (4236 m) | (3597 m) | (4320 m) | (4353 m) |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
 275|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 700|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 900|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1150|__________|   open   |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
3000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
3500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
4000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |__________|__________|
4250|   open   |__________|__________|__________|          |          |__________|          |
Botm|   open   |__________|   open   |__________|__________|   open   |__________|   open   |


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres|347/110,11|  348/112 |349/113,14|350/115,16|351/117,18|352/119,20|353/121,22|  354/124 |
dbar| (4366 m) | (4362 m) | (4334 m) | (4000 m) | (3385 m) | (3342 m) | (3234 m) | (2791 m) |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  20|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  40|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  60|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
  80|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 125|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 175|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 225|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 250|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 275|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 300|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________||
 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
 700|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________||
 900|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1200|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
1800|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|
2800|__________|          |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
3000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |
3500|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |
4000|__________|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |
4250|   open   |          |__________|          |          |          |          |          |
Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|   open   |__________|


Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued)

Samples:  0-Gelbstoff   1-oxygen    2-tracers  3-DOC  4-nutrients  5-chlorophyll
          6-bio-optics  7-salinity  8-diatoms  9-coccolithophorids

                               Station/cast (water depth)
                               -------------------------- 
Pres|355/125,26| 356/127  |  357/128 |          |          |          |          |          |
dbar| (1492 m) | (864 m)  |  (114 m) |          |          |          |          |          |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Bukt|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
  10|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
  20|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  25|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
  40|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  50|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
  60|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  75|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
  80|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 100|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |
 125|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 150|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 175|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 200|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 225|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 250|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 275|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
 300|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 400|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 500|          |__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 600|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 700|          |__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 800|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |
 900|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1000|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1150|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1200|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1300|__________|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
1800|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
2800|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
3500|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4000|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
4250|          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Botm|__________|__________|__________|          |          |          |          |          |




Table 7.3 GeoB Station List METEOR M42/1a

 GeoB |Meteor|Date |Equipment |Time |Latitude|Longitude|Depth|Comments 
   #  |  #   |1998 |          |     |        |         | (m) |
------|------|-----|----------|-----|--------|---------|-----|----------------------------
5401-1| 260  |16.06|KWS/CTD   |15:15|28°30,97|15°23,42 |     |water for traps
5402-1| 261  |16.06|Trap I-1  |20:56|29°14,35|15°25,13 |3606 |Trap I-1 deployed
5402-2| 261  |16.06|Trap III-1|     |29°14,06|15°26,02 |3606 |Trap III-1 (200, 300, 500 m) 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  deployed
5402-3| 261  |16.06|KWS/CTD   |16:56|29°14,10|15°26,26 |3606 |500, 300, 200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  10m POC 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 25, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  10m Chl 
5403-1| 264  |17.06|KWS/CTD   |16:06|29°10,12|15°29.68 |3613 |Dilution-experiment, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  3000, 2000, 1000, 700, 200m 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  d15N, TN, TC, TON, TOC
5404-1| 265  |18.06|KWS/CTD   |04:38|29°39.84|17°38.83 |4230 |116, 93, 83, 53, 39, 21, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  8m 15N-uptake
5405-1| 266  |18.06|KWS/CTD   |14:35|29°44,98|18°0,35  |4360 |4446, 4000, 3500, 2500, 2000, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |1500, 1200, 700, 200, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  50m, d15N, TN, TC, TON, TOC
5405-2| 266  |19.06|KWS-Chemie|     |29°45,5 |18°1,33  |4364 |200, 125, 100, 75, 30, 15, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  10m Chl
5406-1| 267  |19.06|KWS/CTD   |04:32|29°36,44|17°25.86 |4146 |114, 92, 83, 6m, 15N-uptake 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  6m 15N-nutrient experiment
5407-1| 268  |19.06|KWS/CTD   |12:35|29°02.59|15°50.83 |3624 |water for traps
5408-1| 269  |19.06|Trap I-1  |14:50|29°04.10|15°29.20 |     |Trap I-1 recovered, trap and 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  current-meter lost
5408-2| 269  |19.06|Trap III-1|     |29°14,06|15°33,90 |     |Trap III-1 recovered
5408-3| 269  |19.06|KWS/CTD   |     |29°14,49|15°33,78 |3614 |200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  10m, Chl 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |100, 75, 50, 25, 10m, HPLC
5409-1| 270  |19.06|Trap III-2|18:40|29°14,92|15°24,83 |3604 |Trap III-2 deployed
5409-2| 270  |19.06|KWS/CTD   |     |29°14,78|15°24,68 |3605 |Dilution-experiment 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  100, 75, 50, 25, 10m, Chl 
5410-1| 271  |20.06|KWS/CTD   |00:08|29°09,50|15°30,65 |3615 |3663, 3300, 3000, 2500, 2000, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  1500, 1200, 1 100  , 800, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  600, 400, 200, 50m, d15N, TN, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  TC, TON, TOC
5411-1| 273  |21.06|KWS/CTD   |04:27|28°42,98|13°17,07 |1017 |116, 93, 83, 53, 39, 21, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  8m 15N-uptake
5412-1| 274  |21.06|EBC2-2    |05:10|28°41,9 |13°10,2  |     |particle trap recovered
5413-1| 281  |22.06|KWS/CTD   |05:03|28°43,75|13°21,07 |1191 |83, 53, 39, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  8m  13C- and 15N-uptake
5414-1| 284  |22.06|EBC3-2    |11:20|        |         |     |particle trap recovered, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  trap did not rotate
5415-1| 286  |22.06|KWS/CTD   |17:22|28°40,97|13°06,02 |816  |Dilution -experiment 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 10m Chl 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  d15N-Blank
5416-1| 293  |23.06|KWS/CTD   |05:17|28°43,04|13°17,07 |1093 |83, 53, 39, 21, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  8m  15N-uptake
5417-1| 294  |23.06|EBC3-3    |07:30|28°44,0 |13°19,1  |1310 |500, 700m particle traps 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  deployed
5417-2| 294  |23.06|KWS       |     |28°45,19|13°19,1  |1274 |1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 3 0 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  0,  200, 95, 50, 10m d15N, TN, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  TC, TON, TOC 200, 150, 125, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  95, 75, 50, 25, 10m Chl
5418-1| 300  |24.06|KWS/CTD   |02:02|28°58,04|14°33,00 |3349 |15N-uptake
5419-1| 303  |24.06|Trap III-2|12:45|29°17,0 |15°40,9  |3604 |Trap III-2 recovered
5419-2| 303  |24.06|KWS/CTD   |     |29°17,91|15°40,96 |3625 |500, 300, 200, 150, 100, 75, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  50, 25, 10m POC   
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  10m Chl
5420-1| 304  |24.06|KWS/CTD   |19:06|29°10,03|15°30,07 |3613 |ESTOC-Station June 1998 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  O2, nutrients, Gelbstoff, 
      |      |     |          |     |        |         |     |  metals, salinity Chl<200m
   
   
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Thanks go to the crew for their skillful and friendly support onbord. The financial 
support for the CANIGO project by the European Union (contract number MAS3-CT96-0060) is 
greatfully acknowledged.. 



9. REFERENCES

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H. BARTH, K. GRISARD, K. HOLTSCH, R. REUTER and U. STUTE (1997): A polychromatic 
    transmissometer for in situ measurements of suspended particles and gelbstoff in water. 
    Applied Optics, 36, 7919-7928

BEHR, H. D. (1990): Radiation Balance at the Sea Surface in the Atlantic Ocean Region 
    between 40° S and 40° N. J. Geophy. Res., D95, 20633-20640.

BEHR, H. D. (1992): Net total and UV-B Radiation at the Sea Surface, J. Atmosph. Chem., 
    15, 299-314.

CHANG, C.H. and L.A. YOUNG (1974): Seawater temperature measurement from Raman spectra. 
    Research Note 960, Contract No. N62269-73-C-0073, AVCO Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., 
    Everett, MA, 82 pp.

DETERMAN, S., R. REUTER, P. WAGNER  and R. WILLKOMM (1994): Fluorescent matter in the 
    eastern Atlantic Ocean. Part 1: method of measurement and near-surface distribution. 
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