preliminary report
may 18, 1995
A.	Cruise Narrative
A.1	Highlights

A.1.a	WOCE designation PR21
A.1.b	EXPOCODE 	 21OR266/2

A.1.c	Chief Scientist:  Cho-Teng Liu
                  	  Institute of Oceanography
                  	  National Taiwan University
                          Taipei POB 23-13
                          Taiwan, ROC 10764
			  e-mail: Ctliu@ccms.ntu.edu.tu
	
A.1.d	Ship Name:  R/V Ocean Researcher I  
A.1.e	Ports of call:	 Leg 1: Kaohsiung to Manila
        		 Leg 2: Manila to Kaohsiung
A.1.f	Cruise Dates:	 Leg 1: 1990/12/16-21, southbound
        		 Leg 2: 1990/12/26-30, northbound

		
A.2	Cruise Summary

A.2.a	Geographic boundaries

A.2.b	Total number of stations occupied

There was no water sample collected
11 CTD stations

A.2.c	Floats and drifters deployed

None

A.2.d	Moorings deployed or recovered

None       

A.3	List of Principal Investigators


		Table 1: List of Prinicipal Investigators

Name			Responsibility			Institution*
-------------------------------------------------------------------
LIU, Cho-Teng 		Calibration, processing and 	NTU
			interpretation of CTD data

PAI, Su-Cheng	 	collection, analysis and   	NTU
			interpretation of water 
			sample data
  

CHEN, Chen-Tung Arthur 	developing skills for 		NSYSU
			collecting C-14 samples for 
			one-time survey
       
JACINTO, Gil		Interpretation of chemistry	UP
			data, jointly with S-C PAI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
*See Table 2 for list of Institutions

		Table 2: List of Institutions
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviation			Institutions
----------------------------------------------------------------------
NTU				National Taiwan University 
				Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764

NSYSU				National Sun Yat-sen University
				Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

UP				University of the Philippines
				Quezon City, RP
								
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A.4	Scientific Programme and Methods
      
This cruise was carried out jointly by oceanographers from the Republic  
of China in Taiwan and from the Republic of the Philippines.  After a simple  
ceremony for the start of Sino-Filipino Cooperative WOCE Program, R/V Ocean  
Researcher 1 left Kaohsiung Harbor at the noon of December 16, 1990.  The  
southbound cruise along PR21 was under heavy seas.  The sections of T & S show
lots of interleaving water masses and the T & S structures of Kuroshio were  
smeared. During the return trip two weeks later, the weather improved slightly
but it was not good enough for collecting water samples.  So, there is no water
sample data from Leg-2 and the Leg-2 CTD data were corrected by the water  
sample data collected during Leg-1.

A.5	Major Problems 

None

A.6	Other Incidents of Note

A.7	List of Cruise Participants


		Table 3: List of Cruise Participants
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
Name				Responsiblity			Institution*
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIU, Cho-Teng 			chief scientist				NTU
PAI, Su-Cheng 			chief chemist				NTU
GONG, Gwo-Ching 		nitrate analysis, chemical hydrography 	NTU
				data processing				NTU
LIN, Sheng-Fon 			CTD data processing			NTU
YANG, Chung-Cheng 		silicate analysis			NTU
JENG, Kwung-Lung 		phosphate analysis			NTU
KUO, Ting-Yu 			dissolved oxygen analysis		NTU
JACINTO, Gil			Quality check on chemical data		UP
WANG, Shu-lun			pH analysis				N
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*See Table 2 for list of Institutions
    


C. Hydrographic Measurements

The pressure, temperature (T) and salinity (S) were derived from the  
CTD data according to the methods described in the SBE-9 CTD manual.  The CTD  
Digiquartz pressure transducer was calibrated in 1987.  The CTD temperature and
conductivity sensor were calibrated on 1991/01/24 through Sea Bird Electronics 
Inc..  Assuming that the drift of temperature sensor is linear with time, we  
found that temperature data have bias 0.0006 oC.  The conductivity and salinity
data were corrected by the following procedure:  
   
(1) use the Guildline Salinometer to measure the salinity of water samples  
collected during Leg-1;
   
(2) use the corrected CTD temperature data and the measured salinity from  
step (1) to derive      the in situ conductivity of each sample;  
   
(3) use polynomial fit to derive the bias of CTD's conductivity; the bias of  
CTD conductivity was found to be negligible;  
   
(4) calculate the salinity with no correction on conductivity data.  
All the data presented in this report are derived from the T and S data which  
have been corrected by the above procedure.
       
Comparing the T-S data of St. 118 to those of St. 36 & 37 of INDOPAC  
Expedition, we found that the temperature is 0.04C higher at St. 118 than  
those at St. 36 & 37.  Same for the salinity data which is 0.002 psu higher at
St. 118.  In the T-S diagram the salinity minimum of NPIW (North Pacific  
Intermediate Water) is less apparent for water closer to shore.   
Since St. 118 is on the shelf side of Kuroshio as compared to St. 36 & 37,  
the result of above comparison is reasonable.

D.	Acknowledgements
E.	References

Unesco, 1983. International Oceanographic tables. Unesco Technical Papers in 
Marine Science, No. 44.

Unesco, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991. By JPOTS
editorial panel.

F.	WHPO Summary

G.	Data Quality Evaulation

Several data files are associated with this report.  They are the or266.sum, 
(no hydro data at the present time), or266.csl and *.wct files.  The 
or266.sum file contains a summary of the location, time, type of parameters 
sampled, and other pertient information regarding each hydrographic station.  
The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station.  The *.wct files are zipped 
into one file called or266wct.zip. The or266.csl file is a listing of ctd and 
calculated values at standard levels.

The following is a description of how the standard levels and
calculated values were derived for the or266.csl file:

Salinity, Temperature and Pressure:  These three values were smoothed
from the individual CTD files over the N uniformly increasing
pressure levels using the following binomial filter-

	t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1

When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not
contained within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated
to the desired level after applying the binomial filtering.   

Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4:
KG/M3): These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale
(PSS-78) and the international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80)
as described in the Unesco publication 44 at reference pressures of the
surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4.

Gradient Potential Temperature (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the
least squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the
center of the interval.  The interval being the smallest of the two
differences between the standard level and the two closest values.
The slope is first determined using CTD temperature and then the
adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the gradient potential
temperature.  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Gradient Salinity (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares
slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the
standard level and the two closes values.  Equations and Fortran
routines are described in Unesco publication 44.

Potential Vorticity (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical
component ignoring contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e.
pv=fN2/g, where f is the coriolius parameter, N is the bouyancy
frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), and g is the local
acceleration of gravity. 

Bouyancy Frequency (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic
leveling method, Fofonoff (1985) and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff
(1990).  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Potential Energy (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are
calculated by integrating from 0 to the level of interest. Equations and 
Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication, Processing of 
Oceanographic station data.

Neutral Density (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N
(Jackett and McDougall) version 1.3 Nov. 94.  
