Cruise Report - WOCE I8N/I5E

A. Cruise narrative

1. Highlights

a. Expedition
        WOCE I8N/I5E  (R/V Knorr 145-7)

b. Expocode
        316N145/7

c. Chief Scientist
        Lynne D. Talley
        Scripps Institution of Oceanography 0230
        La Jolla, CA 92093-0230 USA
        ltalley@ucsd.edu

d. Ship
        R/V Knorr, Captain C. Swanson

e. Ports of Call
        Colombo, Sri Lanka
        Fremantle, Australia

f. Cruise dates
        10 March 1995 - 15 April 1995
2. Cruise summary

a. Cruise track (Fig. A.1*)

b. Sampling (Fig. A.2*)

165 CTD/36-bottle rosette stations; 155 stations included LADCP

Water sampling through the water column for salinity, oxygen,
nitrate, phosphate, silicate, nitrite, CFC's, total CO2,
alkalinity, C14, helium, tritium, barium.  Surface sampling at
selected station locations for delta-C13, phytoplankton growth
rates and calcite.

Underway sampling programs are listed in section A.5.

Listings of parameters measured at each station are given in the
.SUM file.

c. Floats and drifters deployed (Fig. A.3)
        20 ALACE floats
        9 surface drifters
Identification numbers, locations and times are given in the .SUM file.

d. No mooring deployments

3. Principal Investigators
William Balch	Surface calcite			U. Miami	balch@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu
Mark Bushnell	Surface drifters		NOAA-AOML	bushnell@saturn.aoml.erl.gov
Russ Davis	ALACE floats			SIO		redavis@ucsd.edu
Kelly Falkner	Barium				OSU		kelly_falkner@enterprise.oce.
								orst.edu
Eric Firing	ADCP-LADCP			U. Hawaii	efiring@soest.hawaii.edu
Wilf Gardner	Transmissometer			TAMU		richardson@astra.tamu.edu
John Lupton	Helium-3			NOAA-PMEL	lupton%new@noaapmel.gov
William Jenkins	Helium-3 & tritium		WHOI		wjj@burford.whoi.edu
Charles Keeling	Carbon Dioxide			SIO		guenther%cdrgmv.span@sds.sdsc.edu
Robert Key	Carbon-14 and underway pCO2	Princeton	key@wiggler.princeton.edu
Brian Popp	Phytoplankton growth		U. Hawaii	popp@soest.hawaii.edu
Greg Rau	Carbon 13			U.C. Santa Cruz	rau4@llnl.gov
Peter Schlosser	Helium-3			LDEO		peters@ldeo.columbia.edu
William Smethie	Chlorofluorocarbons		LDEO		bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu
James Swift	CTD-hydrography support		SIO		jswift@ucsd.edu
Lynne Talley	CTD-hydrography			SIO		ltalley@ucsd.edu
Ray Weiss	Underway pCO2, pN2O, CH4	SIO		rfweiss@ucsd.edu
Christopher	Carbon dioxide			U. Hawaii	cwinn@mpl.ucsd.edu
Winn

Abbreviations and addresses for tables above and below:

LDEO: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964
NARA: National Aquatic Resources Agency, Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, 
	Sri Lanka
NOAA/AOML: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic 
	Oceanographic and Marine Laboratory,4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 
	33149
NOAA/PMEL: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine 
	Environmental Laboratory. Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2115 SE OSU Dr., 
	Newport, OR 97365
OSU: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 
	Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
Princeton: Princeton University, Geology Dept., Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544
SIO: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
SIO/ODF: SIO Oceanographic Data Facility, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0214 USA
TAMU: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
U.C. Santa Cruz: Rau address is NASA-Ames, MS239-4 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
U.Hawaii: University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822
U. Miami: University of Miami/RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33143
WHOI: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543

4. Scientific Programme and Methods

a. Narrative

R/V Knorr departed Colombo, Sri Lanka for its seventh leg of
cruise 145 on March 10, 1995.  This was the third WOCE hydrographic
leg on the Knorr in the Indian Ocean.  I8N/I5E was supported by the
National Science Foundation's Ocean Sciences Division.  I8N/I5E was
the second WOCE hydrographic leg on the Knorr with basic technical
support from Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Oceanographic
Data Facility.  There were almost no problems with the basic
sampling program.  The weather was excellent for the most part.

Stations were numbered consecutively from the beginning of the
R/V Knorr 145-5 work on I8S/I9N (McCartney, chief scientist).  The
first station on I8N/I5E was numbered 278 and was a test station.
The first complete station was 279.  The last station was 442.

The cruise plan called for sampling southward from Sri Lanka
along 88 E to 24 S, and then angling southeastward to the junction
of the Ninety-East Ridge and Broken Ridge.  Then the track was to
proceed eastwards nominally following the 1987 section along about
32 S.  The goals of the sampling were to obtain a section through
the center of the Central Indian Basin, and to repeat the crossing
of the northward flow of deep water just to the west of Australia.
Particular attention was to be paid to a potential source of deep
water for the Central Indian Basin, through a possible sill in the
NinetyEast Ridge, located at about 28 S.  The cruise was not long
enough to allow sampling of another source of slightly less dense
water near about 34 S.  However, there were enough extra days in
the schedule, due to the excellent weather and good condition of
the sampling equipment, to allow extra sampling around the 28 S
sill.  It was also possible to deviate from the 32 S section, and
sample in the deep water south of Broken Ridge instead of along the
top of the ridge.   Between Broken Ridge and Australia we chose to
move the section slightly north of the original position of I5E in
order to better resolve whether the deep flow splits around Dirck
Hartog Ridge.

All stations were to within 10 meters of the bottom and
included a rosette/CTD cast.  Basic station spacing was 30 nm,
closing to 20 nm for 3 S - 1 S and 1 N - 3 N, and to 15 nm for 1 S
to 1 N. Station spacing at the Sri Lankan and Australian coasts and
various crossings of the NinetyEast Ridge and Broken Ridge was less
than 30 nm and dictated by topography.

Sampling was done with a 36-place General Oceanics pylon on a
rosette frame with 10-liter bottles and a CTD (SIO/ODF CTD 1),
transmissometer, altimeter and pinger.  The CTD data stream
consisted of elapsed time, pressure, two temperature channels,
conductivity, oxygen, altimeter and transmissometer signals.  All
profiles were full water column depth.  Water samples were
collected for analyses of salt, oxygen, silica, phosphate, nitrate
and nitrite on all stations and of CFC-11, CFC-12, carbon
tetrachloride, helium-3, helium-4, tritium, AMS C14, pCO2, total
dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and barium on selected
stations.  Water sample depths for the basic physical oceanography
program are shown in Fig. A.2.

Station times for the CTD/rosette are shown in Fig. A.4.  Wire
speeds were generally 60 meters/minute for downcasts and 70
meters/minute for upcasts; because of stops for bottle trips and
slower speeds in the upper 200 meters, the average wire speed for
all stations was 55-58 meters/minute.

On all but 10 stations, one of Eric Firing's RDI lowered
acoustic doppler profilers (LADCP) was mounted inside the rosette
frame. Two different LADCP's were used, a narrow band operating at
300kHz and a broad band operating at 150kHz.  The former was
intended to be the principal instrument, but suffered a failure at
station 291.  The broad band LADCP was mounted at station 294 and
used thereafter.

At 100 stations surface water was filtered for particulate
organic carbon (Rau) for later isotopic analysis with the resulting
13C/12C to be correlated with surface CO2.  On 65 stations, 200
liters of surface water were filtered for additional analysis of
lipid components.

Particulate organic materials were filtered from the ship
uncontaminated seawater supply at twelve stations near the equator.
Stable carbon isotopic compositions of phytoplankton will be
determined by analyses of individual lipid biomarker compounds in
B. Popp's laboratories at the University of Hawaii.  The goal of
this work is to distinguish the extent to which phytoplankton
growth rates influence correlations between the concentration of
surface water CO2 and isotopic fractionation exhibited by
phytoplankton.  Approximately 1600-1800 litres of seawater were
filtered at each station.  Additionally, duplicate 20-mL samples of
seawater were collected from the same seawater supply to determine
the carbon isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic
carbon.

Underway shipboard ADCP data were logged (Firing).  There were
problems with the device resulting in no data return between Sri
Lanka and 3 N.

Underway measurements included pCO2 (Key and Weiss), pN2O
(Weiss), methane (Weiss) and the various variables of the Knorr's
IMET system (surface water temperature and conductivity, oxygen,
meteorological parameters, GPS navigation, ship's speed and
heading).  Bathymetry was recorded every 5 minutes from the Knorr's
PDR for our own use in constructing vertical sections and as
additional input to the overall database (Smith - Geological Data
Center at Scripps Institution of Oceanography). We found large
problems with the existing Gebco maps in the vicinity of the 28 S
sill in the NinetyEast Ridge; this region had not been well
surveyed in the past.  Preliminary results will be reported in
WOCE notes.

b. Bottle locations - Figure A.2*

c. Vertical sections

Potential temperature, salinity, oxygen, silicate, nitrate,
phosphate, potential density are distributed as an appendix to the
report.

d. Interlaboratory comparisons

No interlaboratory comparisons were made per se on I8N/I5E,
but water sample results were compared with preliminary data
acquired on I9N (Gordon, chief scientist, R/V Knorr), I8S
(McCartney, chief scientist, R/V Knorr), the 1987 occupation of I5
(Toole and Warren), the 1979 cruise at 12 S on the Wilkes, the 1976
cruise at 18 S on the Atlantis II, and the 1978 Geosecs stations
along 80 E.  Comparisons of I8N/I5E salinity, oxygen, silica,
nitrate and phosphate with data from the I8S, 1987 I5, and 12 S
cruises and one of the Geosecs stations are shown in Figs. A.5-8.

WHP required accuracies for deep water values
salinity    .002 if corrected for SSW batch
oxygen      1% = .03-.04 ml/l
nitrate     1% = .3-.4 umol/l
phosphate   1% = .02-.03 umol/l
silicate    1% = 1-1.5 umol/l

d.1.  I8N/I5E compared with I9N (3 N, 80 E) (no figure)

I9N stations (3/95):  276-277   ODF S,O2,nuts/ SSW P126
I8N/I5E stations (3/95):  291-294   ODF S,O2,nuts/ SSW P126
Differences in all properties were within the range of actual
variability of the deep waters. These stations occurred within
several weeks of each other, and were done by the same technical
group although the individual personnel differed.

d.2.  I8N/I5E compared with Geosecs stations along 80 E (Fig. A.5)

Geosecs stations (4/78): 447-452  ODF S,O2,nuts
I8N/I5E stations (3/95): groups of three surrounding the Geosecs
stations.  ODF S,O2,nuts

The Geosecs stations were spaced 5  latitude apart, so comparisons
could only be made with individual stations.  The method for
measuring phosphate concentration was significantly changed
following the Geosecs measurements, and the change accounts for the
large offset between the two data sets.

Salinity: there appears to be an offset of about 0.003, with the
Geosecs salinity higher.
Oxygen: no offset between the data sets.
Silicate: no offset between the data sets.
Nitrate: no offset between the data sets.
Phosphate: Geosecs is 0.04 - 0.06 umol/l lower.

d.3.  I8N/I5E compared with R/V Wilkes stations along 12 S (Fig. A.6)

Wilkes stations (4/79):		17-21
I8N/I5E stations (3/95):	328-332

Both the nitrate and phosphate are more scattered in the 1979 data
set, while salinity, oxygen and silicate agree fairly well.  The
scatter might be due to true variations in properties.

Salinity: no offset
Oxygen: no offset
Silicate: no offset, similar scatter
Nitrate: no offset. Scatter of 12 S data is about 0.7 umol/l
compared with 0.4 umol/l for I8N/I5E.
Phosphate: no offset. Scatter of 12 S data is about 0.05 umol/l
	compared with .02 umol/l for I8N/I5E.

d.4. I8N/I5E compared with R/V Atlantis II stations along 18 S (no figure)

Atlantis II stations (8/76):	2298-2302
I8N/I5E stations (3/95):	342-344

The AII dataset has a large number of fliers, and the overall
precision for the bottle data is lower than on I8N/I5E.
Salinity: no offset.  Scatter of I8N/I5E data is 0.002. Scatter
	of AII data is greater than 0.005.  A number of individual values are
	more than 0.02 high.
Oxygen: no offset.  Scatter of I8N/I5E data is 0.07 ml/l.
Scatter of AII data is about 0.2 ml/l.
Silicate: no offset.  Scatter of I8N/I5E is 2 umol/l.  Scatter of
AII data is almost 10 umol/l.
Nitrate: no AII data.
Phosphate: AII phosphates are 0.08 umol/l hower than I8N/I5E.
	This offset is similar to the Geosecs offset and is probably due
	to the same analytical changes.

d.5. I8N/I5E compared with R/V Charles Darwin stations along 32 S (Fig. A.7)

Darwin stations (5/87):		67-69
I8N/I5E stations (4/95):	377-381

This is a region of large lateral variability.  The two data sets
are essentially equivalent in every parameter.  Even the CTD traces
overlay remarkably well, within the precision expected for a single
cruise.

d.6. I8N/I5E compared with I8S (Fig. A.8)

I8S stations (12/94):		10-12
I8N/I5E stations (4/95):	405-407

All properties overlay very well.  Since the work was carried out
by the two different technical groups who will be supporting all of
the Indian Ocean WHP, this bodes very well for the overall data
set.

Summary.

Salinity and oxygen accuracy and precision are within WOCE
requirements on I8S.  Nutrient accuracy and precision are within
WOCE requirements.  There is no offset between the I8N/I5E values
and the I9N values (both collected by SIO/ODF).  There is no offset
between the I8N/I5E values and the I8S values (the latter salinity
and oxygen collected by WHOI and nutrients by Oregon State
University).

5. Underway measurements

a. Navigation - GPS.  Bathymetry - PDR.

b. ADCP - RDI vessel mounted 150kHz ADCP.  See comments above.

c. Thermosalinograph and meteorological measurements - using the
   IMET system.

d. No XBT's or XCTD's.

e. Meteorological observations: weather data logged at each
   station.  Continuous measurements from the IMET system.

f. pCO2, pN2O and methane: in water and air

6. Major problems and goals not achieved

There were no problems resulting in major shortfalls in
numbers, spacing, or coverage of the stations.  There were no major
problems with any of the basic WOCE analyses.  The shipboard ADCP
was not functioning between Sri Lanka and 3 N.

7. Other incidents of note - none

8. Cruise Participants: for addresses, see list following principal
investigator table above
Molly Baringer	   co-chief scientist			NOAA/AOML	baringer@aoml.erl.gov
Marie Beaupre	   nutrients				SIO/ODF		mbeaupre@ucsd.edu
Jim Costello	   nutrients				SIO/ODF
Joshua Curtice	   helium and tritium			WHOI		jmc@kopernik.whoi.edu
Frank Delahoyde	   CTD processing			SIO/ODF		fdelahoyde@ucsd.edu
Tilak Dharmaratne  observer				NARA/Sri Lanka
Rebecca Esmay	   CFCs					LDEO		esmay@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu
Eugene Gorman	   CFCs					LDEO
Ron Greene	   helium				NOAA/PMEL	greene%new@pmel.noaa.gov
Scott Hiller	   electronics technician, salinity	SIO/ODF		scott@odf.ucsd.edu
Julia Hummon	   ADCP					U. Hawaii	jules@soest.hawaii.edu
Leonard Lopez	   oxygens, deck			SIO/ODF		leo@odf.ucsd.edu
Clarence Low	   surface C13				LLNL		clarence_low@qmgate.arc.nasa.gov
Gerry McDonald	   C14					Princeton	gerry@weasel.princeton.edu
							University
David Muus	   oxygens, bottle data processing	SIO/ODF		dmuus@ucsd.edu
David Newton	   programmer, deck			SIO		dnewton@ucsd.edu
Justine Parks	   CO2					SIO
Brian Popp	   CO2					U. Hawaii	popp@soest.hawaii.edu
Rolf Schottle	   CO2					U. Hawaii	rolfs@mpl.ucsd.edu
Lynne Talley	   chief scientist			SIO		ltalley@ucsd.edu
Kamal Tennakoon	   observer				NARA/Sri Lanka
Jim Wells	   deck					SIO/ODF		jwells@ucsd.edu
Christopher Winn   CO2					U. Hawaii	cwinn@mpl.ucsd.edu
David Wirth	   salinity, deck			SIO/ODF		dwirth@ucsd.edu
Huai-Min Zhang	   deck					SIO		zhang@sam.ucsd.edu

B. Description of Measurement Techniques and Calibrations

B.1. Ocean Data Facility (ODF) CTD Data Analysis

World Ocean Circulation Experiment
Indian Ocean I8N/I5E
R/V Knorr Voyage 145 Leg 7
10 March 1995 - 15 April 1995
Colombo, Sri Lanka - Fremantle, Australia
Expocode: 316N145/7

Chief Scientist: Dr. Lynne D. Talley
Scripps Institution of Oceanography

I8N/I5E Cruise Track (shown in PDF file)

Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF)
Final Cruise Report
16 July 1998

Data Submitted by:
Oceanographic Data Facility
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, CA 92093-0214

1. DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

1.1. Basic Hydrography Program

The basic hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and 
nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements made from 
bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts, plus pressure, temperature, salinity and
dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles. One test cast plus 166 CTD/rosette casts 
were made, usually to within 5-10 meters of the bottom. The test cast is not 
reported. The first cast at station 281 (cast "x1") was aborted for winch
problems, then its data were overwritten by the second station 281 cast 1; the 
first/aborted cast is not reported. Two casts at station 420 are reported: the 
pylon conductor failed during the first cast after 7 bottles tripped, so a 
second cast was done after changing winches. 5430 bottles were tripped resulting 
in 5427 usable bottles. No insurmountable problems were encountered during any 
phase of the operation. The resulting data set met and in many cases exceeded 
WHP specifications. The distribution of samples is illustrated in Figures 1.1.0* 
through 1.1.2*.

Figure 1.1.0* I8N/I5E sample distribution, stas 279-354

Figure 1.1.1* I8N/I5E sample distribution, stas 354-395

Figure 1.1.2* I8N/I5E sample distribution, stas 395-442

1.2. Water Sampling Package

Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a rosette system consisting of 
a 36-bottle rosette frame (ODF), a 36-place pylon (General Oceanics 1016) and 36 
10-liter PVC bottles (ODF).  Underwater electronic components consisted of an 
ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and associated sensors, SeaTech 
Transmissometer (TAMU), RDI LADCP (UofH), Benthos altimeter and Benthos pinger. 
The CTD was mounted horizontally along the bottom of the rosette frame, with the 
transmissometer, a Sensormedics dissolved oxygen sensor and an FSI
secondary PRT sensor deployed next to the CTD. The LADCP was vertically mounted 
to the frame inside the bottle rings. The altimeter provided distance-above-
bottom in the CTD data stream. The pinger was monitored during a cast with a 
precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's laboratory. The rosette system was 
suspended from a three-conductor 0.322" electro-mechanical cable. Power to the 
CTD and pylon was provided through the cable from the ship. Separate conductors 
were used for the CTD and pylon signals. The transmissometer, dissolved oxygen,
secondary temperature and altimeter were interfaced with the CTD, and their data 
were incorporated into the CTD data stream.

The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to each cast. 
All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation. The bottles 
were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked. Upon arrival on station, 
time, position and bottom depth were logged by the console operator. The rosette 
was deployed from a position on the starboard side of the main deck. Each 
rosette cast was lowered to within 5-10 meters of the bottom, unless the bottom 
returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely poor or the bottom 
depth exceeded the range of the instrumentation.

Bottles on the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number. Usually 
these numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36, where the first 
(deepest) bottle tripped was bottle #1. There were two stations where
the bottles were tripped in a special sequence for freon checks. The trip 
sequence, deepest to shallowest, was bottles 18-36, then 1-17, at stations 316 
and 435.

Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were 
associated with the bottle data during a cast.  Pressure, depth, temperature, 
salinity and density were immediately available to facilitate examination and 
quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and laboratory analyses 
progressed. 

Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse of 
the launching with the additional use of air-tuggers for added stabilization. 
The rosette was moved into the starboard-side (forward) hangar for sampling.
The bottles and rosette were examined before samples were taken, and any 
extraordinary situations or circumstances were noted on the sample log for the 
cast.

Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and CTD O2  sensors in 
distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability. The rosette was 
stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was not
exposed to direct sunlight or wind in order to maintain the internal CTD 
temperature near ambient air temperature.

Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis. O-rings were changed as 
necessary and bottle maintenance was performed each day to insure proper closure 
and sealing. Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or replaced as needed.

The transmissometer windows were cleaned prior to deployment approximately every 
20 casts. The air readings were noted in the TAMU transmissometer log book after 
each cleaning.  Transmissometer data were monitored for potential problems 
during every cast.

The R/V Knorr's port-side Markey CTD winch was used during stations 278 to 281 
cast "x1" and 420 cast 2 through 442. A control relay failure during station 281 
cast "x1" prompted the initial winch change. The starboard Almon Johnson winch 
and cable were used on stations 281 cast 1 through 420 cast 1. The pylon 
conductor failed halfway into the cable on the starboard winch, partway through 
the up-cast of station 420 cast 1, prompting a switch back to the port-side 
winch for cast 2. The port-side winch wire was observed during down- and up-
casts and stopped as needed, usually during up-casts, to inspect/re-tape a loose 
strand on the wire about 4060m wire out.

1.3. Underwater Electronics Packages

CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1). This 
instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2 
channels, and additionally measured a second temperature (FSI
temperature module/OTM) as a calibration check. Other data channels included 
elapsed-time, altimeter, several power supply voltages and transmissometer. The 
instrument supplied a 15-byte  NBIS-format data stream at a data
rate of 25 Hz. Modifications to the instrument included revised pressure and 
dissolved O2 sensor mountings; ODF-designed sensor interfaces for O2, FSI PRT 
and transmissometer; implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer channels; an 
elapsed-time channel; instrument ID in the polarity byte and power supply 
voltages channels.

Table 1.3.0 summarizes the winches and serial numbers of instruments and sensors 
used during I8N/I5E.

Station(s)	ODF	Sensormedics	SeaTech
		CTD@	Oxygen		Transmissometer		Winch
		ID#	Sensor		 (TAMU) 
278-281/1x							Port
281/1-282		3-03-10
283-288			  "A"
289-328		1	3-03-10		  151D			Stbd.
329-337			  "B"
338-420/1
420/2-442		3-03-10					Port

NOTE: Oxygen sensor, transm., LADCP serial nos. unverified.
1. Orig./aborted sta. 281/1"x" was overwritten by 281/1.
2. Assume start with same Oxygen sensor as end of I9N;
   sensor "B" may be the same sensor as "A".
3. Assume TAMU transmissometer 151D, same as end of I9N.
4. LADCP (UofH) deployed on all casts except:
a. inoperable/malfunctioning for stations 292,293,405?,422,428
b. removed from rosette for stas 353,354,406,423-427
c. "large" LADCP used after sta 293 - till end of leg?

@ ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers:
	Pressure		Temperature
ODF	Paine Model		PRT1		PRT2/(PRS2)	Conductivity
CTD	211-35-440-05		Rosemount	FSI		NBIS Model
ID#	strain gage/0-8850psi	Model 171BJ	OTM/(OPM)	09035-00151
1	131910			14304		OTM/1322T	5902-F117
Table 1.3.0 I8N/I5E Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers

The CTD pressure sensor mounting had been modified to reduce the dynamic thermal 
effects on pressure. The sensor was attached to a section of coiled stainless-
steel tubing that was connected to the end-cap pressure port. The transducer was 
also insulated. The NBIS temperature compensation circuit on the pressure 
interface was disabled; all thermal response characteristics were modeled and 
corrected in software.

The O2 sensor was deployed in a pressure-compensated holder assembly mounted 
separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by an underwater cable. 
The O2 sensor interface was designed and built by ODF using an off-the-shelf 12-
bit A/D converter. The transmissometer interface was a similar design.

Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6 inches of the CTD 
conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate coherent 
salinities. It was used as a secondary temperature calibration reference rather
than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating the need for mercury 
or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks.

The General Oceanics (GO) 1016 36-place pylon was used in conjunction with an 
ODF-built deck unit and external power supply instead of a GO pylon deck unit. 
This combination provided generally reliable operation and positive confirmation 
of all but 9 trip attempts, which succeeded whenever a re-trip was attempted. 
Some of the NO-confirm bottles closed despite lack of confirmation; all but one 
of these tripped at the expected pressure. The pylon emitted a confirmation 
message containing its current notion of bottle trip position, which could be 
useful in sorting out mis-trips.  The acquisition software averaged CTD data 
corresponding to the rosette trip as soon as the trip was initiated until the 
trip confirmed, typically 2-4.5 seconds on I8N/I5E.

1.4. Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition

Navigation data were acquired from the ship's Magnavox MX GPS receiver via RS-
232. Data were logged automatically at one-minute intervals by one of the Sun 
SPARCstations. Underway bathymetry was logged manually from the 12 kHz Raytheon 
PDR at five-minute intervals, then corrected according to Carter [Cart80] and 
merged with the navigation data to provide a time-series of underway position, 
course, speed and bathymetry data.  These data were used for all station 
positions, PDR depths and bathymetry on vertical sections.

1.5. CTD Data Acquisition, Processing and Control System

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system consisted of a Sun 
SPARCstation LX computer workstation, ODF-built CTD and pylon deck units, CTD 
and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for real-time analog backup 
recording of the sea-cable signal. The Sun system consisted of a color display 
with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 RS-232 ports, 2.5 GB disk and 
8mm cartridge tape. Two other Sun SPARCstation LX systems were networked to the 
data acquisition system, as well as to the rest of the networked computers 
aboard the Knorr. These systems were available for real-time CTD data display 
and provided for hydrographic data management and backup. Two HP 1200C color 
inkjet printers provided hardcopy capability from any of the workstations.

The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C binary 
data stream by the CTD deck unit. This data stream was fed to the Sun 
SPARCstation. The pylon deck unit was connected to the Sun LX through a bi-
directional 300 baud serial line, allowing bottle trips to be initiated and 
confirmed by the data acquisition software. A bitmapped color display provided 
interactive graphical display and control of the CTD rosette sampling
system, including real-time raw and processed CTD data, navigation, winch and 
rosette trip displays. 

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the 
console watch a few minutes before each deployment. A console operations log was 
maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every attempt to trip a 
bottle as well as any pertinent comments. Most CTD console control functions, 
including starting the data acquisition, were initiated by pointing and clicking 
a trackball cursor on the display at icons representing functions to perform. 
The system then presented the operator with short dialog prompts with 
automatically-generated choices that could either be accepted as defaults or 
overridden. The operator was instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power 
supplies, then to examine a real-time CTD data display on the screen for stable 
voltages from the underwater unit. Once this was accomplished, the data 
acquisition and processing was begun and a time and position were automatically 
logged for the beginning of the cast. A backup analog recording of the CTD 
signal on a VCR tape was started at the same time as the data acquisition. A 
rosette trip display and pylon control window popped up, giving visual 
confirmation that the pylon was initializing properly.  Various plots and 
displays were initiated. When all was ready, the console operator informed the 
deck watch by radio.

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console operator 
that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the computer displays), 
the console operator or watch leader provided the winch operator with a
target depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally 60 meters/minute for 
this package. The package then began its descent, building up to the maximum 
rate during the first few hundred meters, then optimally continuing at a steady 
rate without any stops during the down-cast. As noted in Section 1.2, the winch 
may have stopped around 4060m wire out on some of the port-winch down-casts to 
check the broken-strand area on the wire.

The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via 
interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other 
workstations on the network. Additionally, the operator decided where to trip
bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log. The PDR was monitored to 
insure the bottom depth was known at all times.

The deck watch leader assisted the console operator by monitoring the rosette's 
distance to the bottom using the difference between the rosette's pinger signal 
and its bottom reflection displayed on the PDR. Around 200 meters above the 
bottom, depending on bottom conditions, the altimeter typically began signaling 
a bottom return on the console. The winch speed was usually slowed to -30 
meters/minute during the final approach. The winch and altimeter displays 
allowed the watch leader to refine the target depth relayed to the winch 
operator and safely approach to within 5-10 meters of the bottom.

At station 296, the bottom depth was mis-judged and the rosette package hit 
bottom (3630m) at full speed. An additional -200m of wire was let out before the 
problem was noted. The wire was slowly pulled back in to -100m above bottom 
before the first bottle trip. The CTD sensors remained stable throughout the 
cast, aside from a drop in conductivity and oxygen signals while sitting on the 
bottom. An inspection of the rosette after the cast indicated no apparent damage 
to any equipment.

Bottles were closed on the up-cast by pointing the console trackball cursor at a 
graphic firing control and clicking a button. The data acquisition system 
responded with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation message in a
window. A bad or suspicious confirmation signal typically resulted in the 
console operator repositioning the pylon trip arm via software, then re-tripping 
the bottle, until a good confirmation was received. All tripping attempts were
noted on the console log. The console operator then instructed the winch 
operator to bring the rosette up to the next bottle depth. The console operator 
was also responsible for generating the sample log for the cast.

After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck watch 
to bring the rosette on deck. Once the rosette was on deck, the console operator 
terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD, pylon and VCR recording. 
The VCR tape was filed. Usually the console operator also brought the sample log 
to the rosette room and served as the sample cop.

1.6. CTD Data Processing

ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the Unix 
operating system. The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used either in 
real-time or with existing raw data sets to:

- Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign the data to 
  logical channels;
- Filter various channels according to specified filtering criteria;
- Apply sensor- or instrument-specific response-correction models;
- Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the output time-
  series interval; and
- Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format.

Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be 
manipulated in various ways.  Channels can be additionally filtered. The time-
series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to form 
longer time-series. A time-series can be transformed into a pressure-series, or 
into a larger-interval time-series.  The pressure calibration corrections are 
applied during reduction of the data to time-series. Temperature, conductivity 
and oxygen corrections to the series are maintained in separate files and are 
applied whenever the data are accessed.

ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real-time, 
providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and reporting 
during a cast. The 25 Hz data from the CTD were filtered, response-corrected
and averaged to a 2 Hz (0.5-second) time-series. Sensor correction and 
calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature, conductivity and O2. 
Rosette trip data were extracted from this time-series in response to trip
initiation and confirmation signals. The calibrated 2 Hz time-series data, as 
well as the 25 Hz raw data, were stored on disk and were available in real-time 
for reporting and graphical display. At the end of the cast, various
consistency and calibration checks were performed, and a 2.0-db pressure-series 
of the down-cast was generated and subsequently used for reports and plots.

CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were checked 
daily for potential problems. The two PRT temperature sensors were inter-
calibrated and checked for sensor drift.  The CTD conductivity sensor was
monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities and by deep 
Theta-Salinity comparisons with adjacent stations. The CTD O2 sensor was 
calibrated to check-sample data.

A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate 
artifacts. Some casts were subject to noise in the data stream caused by sea 
cable or slip-ring problems, or by moisture in the interconnect cable between 
the CTD and external sensors (i.e. O2 ). Intermittent noisy data were filtered 
out of the 2 Hz data using a spike-removal filter. A least-squares polynomial of 
specified order was fit to fixed-length segments of data. Points exceeding a
specified multiple of the residual standard deviation were replaced by the 
polynomial value.

Density inversions can be induced in high-gradient regions by ship-generated 
vertical motion of the rosette.  Detailed examination of the raw data shows 
significant mixing occurring in these areas because of "ship roll". In
order to minimize density inversions, a ship-roll filter was applied to all 
casts during pressure-sequencing to disallow pressure reversals.

The first few seconds of in-water data were excluded from the pressure-series 
data, since the sensors were stilladjusting to the going-in-water transition. 
However, multiple casts exhibited up to a 0.03 density drop during the top
10 db, or a sharply increasing density gradient in the top few meters of the 
water column. A time-series data check verified these density features were 
probably real: the data were consistent over many frames of data at the same
pressures. Appendix C details the magnitude of the larger density drops or 
gradients for the casts affected.

Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by double-
quadratic interpolation. The only pressure intervals missing/filled during this 
leg were at 0 db, caused by chopping off going-in-water transition data
at pressure-sequencing.

There is an inherent problem in the internal digitizing circuitry of the NBIS 
Mark III CTD when the sign bit for temperature flips. Raw temperature can shift 
1-2 millidegrees as values cross between positive and negative, a problem 
avoided by offsetting the raw PRT readings by -1.5C. The conductivity 
channel also can shift by 0.001-0.002 mmho/cm as raw data values change between 
32767/32768, where all the bits flip at once. This is typically not a problem in 
shallow to intermediate depths because such a small shift becomes negligible in 
higher gradient areas.

Raw CTD conductivity traversed 32767/32768 at -1750150 db until about station 
310, shifting toward -1100150 db by the mid-350's. A +0.001 PSU shift in 
salinity is only apparent until -station 310, around 3.3°C-3.4°C theta and 34.81 
PSU salinity, where raw conductivity values are in the right vicinity and the 
salinity structure is fairly stable. Because the same digitizer problem has 
occurred on numerous other cruises, it is unlikely that this offset is real.

A deeper -0.0005 PSU inflection appears around 1.9°C theta and 34.75 PSU 
salinity on the same casts as the digitizer problem mentioned above. The raw 
conductivity is nowhere near 32768 in this area, so a CTD problem is not 
suspected.

Both salinity shifts (~3.3-3.4 and ~1.9°C theta) were also observed from about 
station 200 to the end of I9N, the leg preceding this one. All of the affected 
I9N and I8N/I5E casts are north of ~3S latitude.

A down-cast stop/slowdown nearly always caused a problem in fitting CTD oxygen 
data because the raw oxygen signal shifted as oxygen became depleted in water 
near the sensor. A small shift was often noted as the winch slowed down for the 
bottom approach. The signal drop could usually be compensated for by applying a 
small constant offset to the raw oxygen current values from the stop/slowdown 
until the bottom of the cast, then re-fitting the oxygen data to the bottles. 
Raw CTD O2 offsets that resolved drops at winch stops or slowdowns are noted in
Appendix C.

Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention; I8N/I5E 
CTD-related comments, problems and solutions are documented in detail.

1.7. CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure and temperature sensors were 
used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data acquisition and 
processing software at sea.  These laboratory calibrations were also performed 
post-cruise.

Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF 
Calibration Facility in La Jolla. The pre-cruise calibrations were done in 
December 1994, before five consecutive ODF WOCE legs in the Indian Ocean,
and the post-cruise calibrations were done in September 1995.

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled water 
bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference. Calibration data were 
measured pre-/post-cruise at -1.42/+0.01°C to a maximum loading pressure of 6080 
db, and 30.41/31.24°C to 1400/1190 db. Figures 1.7.0* and 1.7.1* summarize the 
CTD #1 laboratory pressure calibrations performed in December 1994 and September 
1995.

Figure 1.7.0* Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

Figure 1.7.1* Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.

Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the pressure 
transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects. These results were combined 
with the static temperature calibrations to optimally correct the CTD pressure.

CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge and 
Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath. The primary and 
secondary CTD temperatures were offset by -1.5°C to avoid the 0-point 
discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry. Standard and PRT 
temperatures were measured at 9 or more different bath temperatures between -1.5 
and 31.3°C, both pre- and post-cruise. Figures 1.7.2* and 1.7.3* summarize the 
laboratory calibrations performed on the CTD #1 primary PRT during December 1994 
and September 1995.

Figure 1.7.2* Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

Figure 1.7.3* Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.

These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90 standard. 
Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during processing in order 
to calculate other parameters, including salinity and density, which are 
currently defined in terms of that standard only. Final calibrated CTD 
temperatures were reported using the ITS-90 standard.

1.8. CTD Calibration Procedures

This cruise was the second of five consecutive Indian Ocean WOCE legs using ODF 
CTD #1 exclusively. A redundant PRT sensor was used as a temperature calibration 
check while at sea.  CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were calibrated to in-
situ check samples collected during each rosette cast.  Final pressure, 
temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections were determined during post-
cruise processing.

1.8.1. CTD #1 Pressure

There was a pre- to post-cruise (5 legs over 7.5 months) shift of -2.4 db at 
shallow and deep pressures in the cold-bath laboratory calibrations for 
pressure. The warm-bath pressure correction shifted by -1.8 db. Half of the 
closure between warm/cold calibrations can be accounted for by different 
temperatures of the pre-/post-cruise calibrations.  There were no significant 
slope differences between pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations.

In order to determine when the pressure shift occurred, start-of-cast out-of-
water pressure and temperature data from the 5 consecutive ODF legs were 
compared with similar data from the pre- and post-cruise laboratory calibrations
for temperature. The pressure data from the I8N/I5E leg shifted -0.5 db compared 
to pre-cruise laboratory data at all temperatures. A -0.5 db offset was applied 
to the entire pre-cruise pressure calibration. These revised calibration
data, plus the dynamic thermal-response correction, were applied to I8N/I5E CTD 
#1 pressures.

Down-cast surface pressures were automatically adjusted to 0 db as the CTD 
entered the water; any difference between this value and the calibration value 
was automatically adjusted during the top 50 decibars. Residualpressure offsets 
at the end of each up-cast (the difference between the last corrected pressure 
in-water and 0) averaged 0.5 db, less than half the residual seen shipboard, 
thus indicating no problems with the final pressure corrections.

Figure 1.8.1.0* shows the offset pre-cruise laboratory calibration used to 
correct I8N/I5E CTD #1 pressure data.

Figure 1.8.1.0* Pressure correction for ODF CTD #1: December 1994 calibration 
offset by -0.5 db.

The entire 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the 
pressure sensor on CTD #1 was less than half the magnitude of the WOCE accuracy 
specification of 3 db. I8N/I5E CTD pressures should be well within the desired 
standards.

1.8.2. CTD #1 Temperature

An FSI PRT sensor (PRT2) was deployed as a second temperature channel and 
compared with the primary PRT channel (PRT1) on all casts to monitor for drift. 
The response times of the primary and secondary PRT sensors were matched, then 
preliminary corrected temperatures were compared for a series of standard depths 
from each CTD down-cast.

The FSI PRT used during the last half of I9N was deployed as the secondary PRT 
during the entire I8N/I5E leg. The differences between the CTD #1 primary PRT 
and the FSI PRT drifted slowly during I9N, then stabilized at about -0.01°C by 
the end of that first leg. The non-zero difference was attributed to drift in 
the FSI PRT sensor, since a stable conductivity correction indicated no shift in 
the primary PRT. There was no drift noted in the PRT1-PRT2 differences during 
I8N/I5E; the differences remained stable at the value observed at the end of 
I9N. Figure 1.8.2.0* summarizes the comparison between the primary and secondary 
PRT temperatures.

Figure 1.8.2.0* Shipboard comparison of CTD #1 primary/secondary PRT 
temperatures, pressure > 1800 db.

The primary temperature sensor laboratory calibrations indicated a -0.001°C 
shift at 0°C, a -0.0006°C shift at mid-range temperatures, and a -0.0014°C shift 
at 3°C from pre- to post-cruise. The pre- and post-cruise temperature
calibrations were equally weighted and combined to generate an average 
temperature correction, which was applied to all CTD casts done during the 5 
legs between calibrations. Figure 1.8.2.1* summarizes the average of the
pre-/post-cruise laboratory temperature calibrations for CTD #1.

Figure 1.8.2.1* Primary temperature correction for ODF CTD #1, Dec.94/Sept.95 
equally weighted average.

The 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the primary 
temperature sensor on CTD #1 was less than half the magnitude of the WOCE 
accuracy standard of 0.002°C. Since an average of the two calibrations was
applied to the data, I8N/I5E CTD temperatures should be well within the WOCE 
accuracy specifications.

The secondary FSI temperature sensors either failed or drifted during I9N, the 
leg prior to this one, far more than the primary sensor drifted during the 10 
months between laboratory calibrations. The FSI PRT sensors seemed to monitor 
their own drift better than that of the primary temperature sensor mounted 
permanently on CTD #1. Any comparison of their pre- and post-cruise calibrations 
was deemed pointless.

1.8.3. CTD #1 Conductivity

The corrected CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the 
bottle salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity. Differences between the 
bottle and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity
correction. This correction is normally linear for the 3-cm conductivity cell 
used in the Mark III CTD.

Due to small shifting in CTD conductivity, probably caused by organic matter, 
the conductivity sensor was swabbed with distilled water prior to station 269 
during I9N, then remained stable thereafter. Cast-by-cast comparisons showed 
minimal conductivity sensor drift during I8N/I5E. However, there was a bottle 
salinity problem attributed to the Autosal #55-654 used from the start of the 
leg through station 327, except stations 309-312. Over 20 percent of the deep 
bottle salinity values from these casts were -0.002 PSU low compared to 
surrounding casts. These suspicious salinities, including 7 entire casts, were 
omitted from data used to determine CTD #1 conductivity corrections.

Conductivity differences above and below the thermocline were fit to CTD 
conductivity for all 5 legs together to determine the conductivity slope. The 
conductivity slope gradually increased from stations 148 (I9N) to 800 (I7N),
after which the conductivity sensor was swabbed with alcohol. Figure 1.8.3.0* 
shows the individual preliminary conductivity slopes for stations 148-800.

Figure 1.8.3.0* CTD #1 prelim. conductivity slopes for stations 148(I9N) through 
800(I7N).

The conductivity slopes for stations 148-800 were fit to station number, with 
outlying values (4,2 standard deviations) rejected. Conductivity slopes were 
calculated from the first-order fit and applied to each I8N/I5E cast.

Once the conductivity slopes were applied, residual CTD conductivity offset 
values were calculated for each cast using bottle conductivities deeper than 
1400 db. Figure 1.8.3.1* illustrates the I8N/I5E preliminary conductivity offset 
residual values.

Figure 1.8.3.1* CTD #1 preliminary conductivity offsets by station number for 
I8N/I5E.

Casts were grouped together based on drift and/or known CTD conductivity shifts 
to determine average offsets.  This also smoothed the effect of any cast-to-cast 
bottle salinity variation, typically on the order of ±0.001 PSU. In addition to 
the 7 suspicious salinity casts mentioned above, 14 casts were omitted from the 
groups because of known bottle or CTD salinity problems, or because they were 
shallower than 1400 db.  Smoothed offsets were applied to each cast, then some 
offsets were manually adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in the 
conductivity transducer response or bottle salinities, or to maintain deep 
theta-salinity  consistency from cast to cast.

After applying the conductivity slopes and offsets to each cast, it was 
determined that surface salinity differences were -0.008 PSU high compared to 
intermediate and deep differences. After the offset adjustments were made, a
mean second-order conductivity correction was calculated for stations 148-800. 
Figure 1.8.3.2* shows the residual conductivity differences used for determining 
this correction.

Figure 1.8.3.2* CTD #1 residual non-linear conductivity slope.

A 4,2-standard deviation rejection of the second-order fit was performed on 
these differences, then the remaining values were fit to conductivity. This non-
linear correction, added to the linear corrections for each cast, effectively
pulled in surface differences while having minimal effect on differences below 
the thermocline/halocline.

The final I8N/I5E conductivity slopes, a combination of the linear coefficients 
from the preliminary and second-order fits, are summarized in Figure 1.8.3.3*. 
Figure 1.8.3.4* summarizes the final combined conductivity offsets by station 
number.

Figure 1.8.3.3* CTD #1 conductivity slope corrections by station number.

Figure 1.8.3.4* CTD #1 conductivity offsets by station number.

I8N/I5E temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are also tabulated 
in Appendix A.

Summary of Residual Salinity Differences
Figures 1.8.3.5*, 1.8.3.6* and 1.8.3.7* summarize the residual differences 
between bottle and CTD salinities after applying the conductivity corrections. 
Only CTD and bottle salinities with (final) quality code 2 were used to generate 
these figures.

Figure 1.8.3.5* Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction).

Figure 1.8.3.6* Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).

Figure 1.8.3.7* Deep salinity residual differences vs station # (after 
correction).

The CTD conductivity calibration represents a best estimate of the conductivity 
field throughout the water column.  3-sigma from the mean residual in Figures 
1.8.3.6* and 1.8.3.7*, or ±0.0104 PSU for all salinities and ±0.0008 PSU for
deep salinities, represents the limit of repeatability of the bottle salinities 
(Autosal, rosette, operators and samplers).  This limit agrees with station 
overlays of deep Theta-Salinity. Within most casts (a single salinometer run), 
the precision of bottle salinities appears to be better than 0.001 PSU. The 
exception to this would be bottle salinities run on Autosal 55-654 during the 
first third of the cruise; their precision is probably double the typical value. 
The precision of the CTD salinities appears to be better than 0.0005 PSU.

Final calibrated CTD data from WOCE95 I3 and I9N legs were compared with I8N/I5E 
data. Deep Theta-Salinity comparisons for casts at four positions where the WOCE 
lines crossed showed less than 0.001 PSU difference for each group of casts. Six 
stations from GEOSECS were also compared with I8N/I5E casts at the same 
positions.  The GEOSECS data were +0.001 to +0.002 PSU for five casts (-0.001 
PSU for the sixth cast) compared to I8N/I5E data. This difference becomes less 
than ±0.001 PSU if GEOSECS salinity values are corrected for standard batch 
differences [Mant87]. The standard seawater batch from the five consecutive ODF 
legs has not been compared to other batches. A cross-calibration is planned for 
mid-1998; however, recent batches from OSI have been quite reliable, requiring, 
at worst, a ±0.001 PSU correction [Mant97].

1.8.4. CTD Dissolved Oxygen

There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the 
Sensormedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being a 
secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity. Stopping
the rosette for as little as half a minute, or slowing down for a bottom 
approach, can cause shifts in the CTD O2 profile. Such shifts could usually be 
corrected by offsetting the raw oxygen data from the stop or slow-down area to
the bottom of the cast. All offset sections, winch stops or slow-downs that 
affected CTD oxygen data are documented in Appendix C.

Because of these same stop/slow-down problems, up-cast CTD rosette trip data 
cannot be optimally calibrated to O2 check samples. Instead, down-cast CTD O2 
data are derived by matching the up-cast rosette trips along isopycnal
surfaces. The differences between CTD O2 data modeled from these derived values 
and check samples are then minimized using a non-linear least-squares fitting 
procedure.

The same oxygen sensor was used on all but 2 groups of I8N/I5E CTD casts. 
Replacement sensors, which were extremely noisy during most casts, were used for 
stations 283-288 and 329-337.  The non-noisy areas of stations 329-337 seem 
questionable for at least part of the casts: the CTD data do not compare well to 
bottle data for many of the deep sections. Figures 1.8.4.0* and 1.8.4.1* show 
the residual differences between the corrected CTD O2 and the bottle O2 (ml/l) 
for each station.

Figure 1.8.4.0* O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

Figure 1.8.4.1* Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

The standard deviations of 0.07 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.02 ml/l for deep 
oxygens are only intended as metrics of the goodness of the fits. ODF makes no 
claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data.

The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and Morrison 
[Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85]. ODF does not use a digitized O2 sensor 
temperature to model the secondary thermal response but instead models membrane 
and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the PRT temperature. In-situ 
pressure and temperature are filtered to match the sensor response. Time-
constants for the pressure response tau- p , and two temperature responses tau- 
Ts and tau- Tf are fitting parameters. The Oc gradient, dOc /dt, is approximated 
by low-pass filtering 1st-order Oc differences. This gradient term attempts to 
correct for reduction of species other than O2 at the cathode. The time-constant 
for this filter, tau- og , is a fitting parameter.  Oxygen partial-pressure is 
then calculated:

Opp =[c1Oc +c2 ] * fsat (S, T, P) *e^(c3Pl +c4Tf +c5Ts + c6 ((dOc/dt)))	(1.8.4.0)

where:
Opp		= Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm);
Oc		= Sensor current (µamps);
fsat (S, T, P)	= O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm);
S		= Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs);
T		= Temperature at O2 response-time (°C);
P		= Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars);
Pl		= Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars);
Tf		= Fast low-pass filtered temperature (°C);
Ts		= Slow low-pass filtered temperature (°C);
(dOc)/(dt)	= Sensor current gradient (µamps/secs).

I8N/I5E CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6 ) are tabulated in 
Appendix B.

1.9. Bottle Sampling

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the bottles 
in the following order:

- CFCs;
- 3-He;
- O2 ;
- Total CO2 ;
- Alkalinity;
- AMS 14-C;
- Tritium;
- Nutrients;
- Salinity;
- Barium.

The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette bottle 
from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for the cast. 
This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted about the 
rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was designated the sample 
cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this log and insure that sampling 
progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before opening the air 
vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped. This observation 
together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid",
"valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample integrity 
were routinely noted on the sample log.

Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature from the 
bottle. The temperature was noted on the sample log and was sometimes useful in 
determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.

Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were 
distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis. Oxygen, nutrients and 
salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC) analytical equipment 
networked to Sun SPARCstations for centralized data analysis. The analysts for 
each specific property were responsible for insuring that their results were 
updated into the cruise database.

1.10. Bottle Data Processing

Bottle data processing began with sample drawing, and continued until the data 
were considered to be final. One of the most important pieces of information, 
the sample log sheet, was filled out during the drawing of the many different 
samples, and was useful both as a sample inventory, and as a guide for the 
technicians in carrying out their analyses. Any problems observed with the 
rosette before or during the sample drawing were noted on this form, including 
indications of bottle leaks, out-of-order drawing, etc. Oxygen draw temperatures 
recorded on this form were at times the first indicator of rosette bottle-
tripping problems.  Additional clues regarding bottle tripping or leak problems 
were found by individual analysts as the samples were analyzed and the resulting 
data were processed and checked by those personnel.

The next stage of processing was accomplished after the individual parameter 
files were merged into a common station file, along with CTD-derived parameters 
(pressure, temperature, conductivity, etc.). The rosette cast and bottle numbers 
were the primary identification for all ODF-analyzed samples taken from the 
bottle, and were used to merge the analytical results with the CTD data 
associated with the bottle. At this stage, bottle tripping problems were usually 
resolved, sometimes resulting in changes to the pressure, temperature and other 
CTD properties associated with the bottle. All CTD information from each bottle 
trip (confirmed or not) was retained in a file, so resolving bottle tripping 
problems consisted of correlating CTD trip data with the rosette bottles.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or bottle 
data processors were entered into a computer file associated with each station 
(the "quality" file) as part of the quality control procedure. Sample data
from bottles suspected of leaking were checked to see if the properties were 
consistent with the profile for the cast, with adjacent stations, and, where 
applicable, with the CTD data. Various property-property plots and vertical 
sections were examined for both consistency within a cast and consistency with 
adjacent stations by data processors, who advised analysts of possible errors or 
irregularities. The analysts reviewed and sometimes revised their data as
additional calibration or diagnostic results became available.

Based on the outcome of investigations of the various comments in the quality 
files, WHP water sample codes were selected to indicate the reliability of the 
individual parameters affected by the comments. WHP bottle codes were assigned 
where evidence showed the entire bottle was affected, as in the case of a leak, 
or a bottle-trip at other than the intended depth.

WHP water bottle quality codes were assigned as defined in the WOCE Operations 
Manual [Joyc94] with the following additional interpretations:

2 |No problems noted.
3 |Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect on a sample 
  |is identified by a code of 3 on the bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen.
  |(Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only affect gas 
  |samples.)
4 |Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth were 
  |assigned a code of 4. There may be no problems with the associated water 
  |sample data.
5 |Not reported. No water sample data reported. This is a representative level 
  |derived from the CTD data for reporting purposes. The sample number should be 
  |in the range of 80-99.
9 |The samples were not drawn from this bottle.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:

1 |The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle, but the 
  |results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
2 |Acceptable measurement.
3 |Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station profile or 
  |adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data comparisons). No notes 
  |from the analyst indicated a problem. The data could be acceptable, but are 
  |open to interpretation.
4 |Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile, adjacent stations 
  |or CTD data. There were analytical notes indicating a problem, but data 
  |values were reported.  Sampling and analytical errors were also coded as 4.
5 |Not reported. There should always be a reason associated with a code of 5, 
  |usually that the sample was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
9 |The sample for this measurement was not drawn.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity) 
parameter as follows:

2 |Acceptable measurement.
3 |Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the bottle data, or there was 
  |a CTD conductivity calibration shift during the up-cast.
4 |Bad measurement. The CTD up-cast data were determined to be unusable for
  |calculating a salinity.
7 |Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or offset.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2) parameter as follows:

1 |Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
2 |Acceptable measurement.
3 |Questionable measurement.
4 |Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable for calculating 
  |a dissolved oxygen concentration.
5 |Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when CTD salinity 
  |is coded 3 or 4.
7 |Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or offset.
9 |Not sampled. No operational CTD O2 sensor was present on this cast.

Note that all CTDOXY values were derived from the down-cast pressure-series CTD 
data. CTD data were matched to the up-cast bottle data along isopycnal surfaces. 
If the CTD salinity was footnoted as bad or questionable, the CTD O2 was not 
reported.

Table 1.10.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each WHP 
sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property:

Rosette Samples Stations 279-442
		Reported	WHP Quality Codes
		Levels	1	2	3	4	5	7	9
Bottle		5430	0	5383	12	32	0	0	3
CTD Salt	5430	0	5427	2	1	0	0	0
CTD Oxy		5427	0	5188	79	4	3	156	0
Salinity	5416	0	4710	673	33	4	0	10
Oxygen		5415	0	5352	45	18	6	0	9
Silicate	5414	0	5398	0	16	12	0	4
Nitrate		5425	0	5404	5	16	1	0	4
Nitrite		5425	0	5409	0	16	1	0	4
Phosphate	5414	0	5393	5	16	12	0	4
Table 1.10.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments.

Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are presented in 
Appendix D.

1.11. Pressure and Temperatures

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the rosette 
casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at the time the 
bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data based on CTD 
laboratory calibrations.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of 1990.

1.12. Salinity Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometers were used to measure salinities. 
The salinometers were modified by ODF and contained interfaces for computer-
aided measurement. Autosal #55-654 was used for stations 279-308 and stations 
313-327. Autosal #57-396 was used for stations 309-312 and stations 329-442. The 
salinity analyses were performed when samples had equilibrated to laboratory 
temperature, usually within 8-20 hours after collection. The salinometers were 
standardized for each group of analyses (typically one cast, usually 36 samples) 
using at least one fresh vial of standard per cast. A computer (PC) prompted the 
analyst for control functions such as changing sample, flushing, or switching to 
"read" mode. At the correct time, the computer acquired conductivity ratio
measurements, and logged results. The salinometer cell was flushed until two 
groups of readings met software criteria for consistency, both within and 
between groups; the two averages of the groups of measurements were then
averaged for a final result.

Sampling and Data Processing

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate bottles, 
which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling. The bottles were 
sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps. This 
assembly provides very low container dissolution and sample evaporation. Prior 
to collecting each sample, inserts were inspected for proper fit and loose 
inserts were replaced to insure an airtight seal. The draw time and 
equilibration time were logged for all casts. Laboratory temperatures were 
logged at the beginning and end of each run.

PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was calculated for each sample from the measured 
conductivity ratios. The difference (if any) between the initial vial of 
standard water and one run at the end as an unknown was applied linearly to the 
data to account for any drift. The data were added to the cruise database. 5416 
salinity measurements were made and  364 vials of standard water were used. The 
estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than
0.002 PSU relative to the particular Standard Seawater batch used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was good, with the lab 
temperature generally 1-2°C lower than the Autosal bath temperature. The bath 
temperature for 57-396 was at the 24°C set-point when the ambient temperature 
was below 22°C for part of the cruise.

Standards

IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-126, was used to standardize the 
salinometers.

Special Problems

The salinity values on several stations were found to be low by 0.002 PSU to 
0.004 PSU when compared to CTD salinity values and bottle values of nearby 
stations. In the reconstruction of events it appears there may have been a
periodic problem with Autosal #55-654. The bottle salinity values on these 
stations were coded as "questionable" and the problem was noted in the Bottle 
Quality Comments, Appendix D. Stations 312 and 357 were run on Autosal
#57-396 and have similar, unresolved offsets due to other causes. The stations 
judged to have these problems are:

Station	Offset (PSU)
285	0.003
290	0.003
299	0.003
300	0.002
301	0.004
303	0.003
304	0.003
305	0.002
312	0.004
313	0.004
316	0.0025
317	0.003
318	0.003
319	0.002
320	0.003
322	0.003
326	0.002
357	0.002

Note that the listed values need to be added to bottle salinities to bring them 
in agreement with CTD salinity and bottle values on nearby stations.

1.13. Oxygen Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated oxygen 
titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the absorption of 365nm 
wav elength ultra-violet light. The titration of the samples and the data 
logging were controlled by PC software. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a Dosimat 
665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret. ODF used a whole-bottle modified-
Winkler titration following the technique of Carpenter [Carp65] with 
modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but with higher concentrations of 
potassium iodate standard (approximately 0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 
gm/l). Standard solutions prepared from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals 
were run at the beginning of each session of analyses, which typically included 
from 1 to 3 stations. Several standards were made up during the cruise and 
compared to assure that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the 
possibility of a weighing or dilution error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks 
were determined, to account for presence of oxidizing or reducing materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette 
sampler was brought on board, and after samples for CFC and helium were drawn. 
Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125ml volume-calibrated iodine flasks were 
rinsed twice with minimal agitation, then filled and allowed to overflow for at 
least 3 flask volumes. The sample temperature was measured with a small platinum 
resistance thermometer embedded in the drawing tube.  Reagents were added to fix 
the oxygen before stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough
dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then again 
after about 20 minutes. The samples were usually analyzed within a few hours of 
collection and the data were then merged with the cruise database.

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and corrected 
to 20°C. The 20°C normalities and the blanks were plotted versus time and were 
reviewed for possible problems. New thiosulfate normalities were recalculated 
after the blanks had been smoothed as a function of time, if warranted. These 
normalities were then smoothed, and the oxygen data were recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram 
using the in-situ temperature. Ideally, for whole-bottle titrations, the 
conversion temperature should be the temperature of the water issuing from the 
bottle spigot. The sample temperatures were measured at the time the samples 
were drawn from the bottle, but were not used in the conversion from milliliters 
per liter to micromoles per kilogram because the software for this calculation
was not available. Aberrant drawing temperatures provided an additional flag 
indicating that a bottle may not have tripped properly.

5415 oxygen measurements were made, with no major problems with the analyses. 
The auto-titrator generally performed very well. One minor problem noted on the 
expedition was that there was a gradual decrease in the UV detector output 
voltage. It was discovered later that the window material between the lamp and 
detector was slowly becoming opaque. At the time, the oxygen analysts were able 
to overcome the voltage drop by increasing a gain control.

Volumetric Calibration

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed deionized 
water to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory. This is done 
once before using flasks for the first time and periodically thereafter when
a suspect bottle volume is detected. The volumetric flasks used in preparing 
standards were volume-calibrated by the same method, as was the 10 ml Dosimat 
buret used to dispense standard iodate 
solution.

Standards

Potassium iodate standards, nominally 0.44 gram, were pre-weighed in ODF's 
chemistry laboratory to ±0.0001 grams. The exact normality was calculated at sea 
after the volumetric flask volume and dilution temperature were known. Potassium 
iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and was reported by the 
supplier to be >99.4% pure. All other reagents are "reagent grade" and are 
tested for levels of oxidizing and reducing impurities prior to use.

1.14. Nutrient Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed on 
an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within a few 
hours after sample collection.  Occasionally samples were refrigerated up to
a maximum of 6 hours at 4°C. All samples were brought to room temperature prior 
to analysis.

The methods used are described by Gordon et al. [Gord92], Hager et al. [Hage72], 
Atlas et al. [Atla71]. The analog outputs from each of the four channels were 
digitized and logged automatically by computer (PC) at 2 second intervals.

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67]. An 
acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to produce 
silicomolybdic acid which was then reduced to silicomolybdous acid (a blue 
compound) following the addition of stannous chloride. Tartaric acid was also 
added to impede PO4 color development. The sample was passed through a 15mm 
flowcell and the absorbance measured at 820nm. ODF's methodology is known to be 
non-linear at high silicate concentrations (>120 µM); a correction for this non-
linearity is applied through ODF's software.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] procedure was used for the 
analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For the nitrate analysis, the seawater sample 
was passed through a cadmium reduction column where nitrate was
quantitatively reduced to nitrite. Sulfanilamide was introduced to the sample 
stream followed by N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which coupled 
to form a red azo dye. The stream was then passed through a 15mm flowcell and 
the absorbance measured at 540nm. The same technique was employed for nitrite
analysis, except the cadmium column was not present, and a 50mm flowcell was 
used for measurement.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms 
[Bern67] technique. An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to the 
sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a 
blue compound) following the addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The reaction 
product was heated to -55°C to enhance color development, then passed through a 
50mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 820m.

Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 40 ml polypropylene, screw-capped centrifuge 
tubes. The tubes were cleaned with 10% HCl and rinsed with sample twice before 
filling. Standardizations were performed at the beginning and end of each group 
of analyses (typically one cast, usually 36 samples) with an intermediate 
concentration mixed nutrient standard prepared prior to each run from a 
secondary standard in a low-nutrient seawater matrix.  The secondary standards 
were prepared aboard ship by dilution from dry, pre-weighed primary standards. 
Sets of 5-6 different standard concentrations were analyzed periodically to 
determine the deviation from linearity as a function of concentration for each 
nutrient.

After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file was processed to 
produce another file of response factors, baseline values, and absorbances. 
Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for accuracy against values 
taken from a strip chart recording. The data were then added to the cruise 
database. 5425 nutrient samples were analyzed. No major problems were 
encountered with the measurements, other than a continuing difficulty in holding 
the lab temperature constant. The pump tubing was changed three times. An 
aliquot from a large volume of stored deep seawater was run with each set of 
samples as a substandard. The efficiency of the cadmium column used for nitrate 
reduction was monitored throughout the cruise and ranged from 99.8-100.0%.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from micromoles 
per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm pressure (0 db), in-
situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 25°C.

Standards

Na2 SiF6 , the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Fluka Chemical  
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be >98% pure. 
Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2 ), and phosphate (KH2 PO4 ) 
were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier reported 
purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.

References

Arms67.
   Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The 
   measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the 
   Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea Research,
   14, pp. 381-389 (1967).
Atla71.
   Atlas, E. L., Hager, S. W., Gordon, L. I., and Park, P. K., "A Practical 
   Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer(r) in Seawater Nutrient Analyses    
   Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, p. 49,Oregon State 
   University, Department of Oceanography (1971).
Bern67.
   Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low level 
   iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer," Technicon 
   Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).
Brow78.
   Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity, temperature and 
   depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23, Woods Hole Oceanographic 
   Institution (1978).
Carp65.
   Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler 
   dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp. 141-143 (1965).
Cart80.
   Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction Tables 
   (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service, Institute of 
   Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8 5UB. U.K. (1980).
Culb91.
   Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and Zemlyak, F., 
   "A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in 
   seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office (Aug 1991).
Gord92.
   Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A 
   suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater 
   Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean
   Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem 
   Oc. (1992).
Hage72.
   Hager, S. W., Atlas, E. L., Gordon, L. D., Mantyla, A. W., and Park, P. K., 
   "A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, 
   nitrate, and silicate," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp. 931-937 (1972).
Joyc94.
   Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic 
   Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91, pp. 52-
   55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA (May 1994, Rev. 
   2). UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT.
Mant87.
   Mantyla, A. W., "Standard Seawater Comparisons Updated," Journal of Physical 
   Oceanography, 17.4, p. 547 (1987).
Mant97.
   Mantyla, A. W. (1997). Private communication.
Mill82.
   Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques at WHOI 
   using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference and Workshop, 
   p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982).
Owen85.
   Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen 
   calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985).
UNES81.
   UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity 
   Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 37, p. 144 
   (1981).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix A

WOCE95-I8N/I5E: CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary

	PRT	ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients		Conductivity Coefficients
Sta/	Response	corT = t2*T^2 +t1*T + t0	corC = c2*C^2 +c1*C +c0
Cast	Time
	(secs) 	   t2		   t1		   t0	    c2		    c1	    	c0
279/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89844e-03	0.00914
280/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89816e-03	0.00914
281/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89788e-03	0.00914
282/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89761e-03	0.00914
283/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89733e-03	0.00914
284/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89705e-03	0.00914
285/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89678e-03	0.00914
286/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89650e-03	0.00914
287/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89622e-03	0.00914
288/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89594e-03	0.00914
289/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89567e-03	0.01040
290/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89539e-03	0.01041
291/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89511e-03	0.01041
292/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89483e-03	0.01042
293/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89456e-03	0.01043
294/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89428e-03	0.01044
295/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89400e-03	0.01045
296/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89372e-03	0.01046
297/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89345e-03	0.01046
298/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89317e-03	0.01047
299/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89289e-03	0.01048
300/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89262e-03	0.01049
301/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89234e-03	0.01050
302/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89206e-03	0.00951
303/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89178e-03	0.01051
304/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89151e-03	0.01052
305/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89123e-03	0.01053
306/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89095e-03	0.01054
307/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89067e-03	0.01055
308/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89040e-03	0.01056
309/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.89012e-03	0.01057
310/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88984e-03	0.01057
311/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88956e-03	0.01058
312/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88929e-03	0.01059
313/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88901e-03	0.01060
314/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88873e-03	0.01061
315/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88846e-03	0.01062
316/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88818e-03	0.01062
317/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88790e-03	0.01063
318/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88762e-03	0.01064
319/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88735e-03	0.01065
320/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88707e-03	0.01066
321/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88679e-03	0.01067
322/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88651e-03	0.01067
323/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88624e-03	0.01068
324/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88596e-03	0.01069
325/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88568e-03	0.01070
326/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88540e-03	0.01071
327/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88513e-03	0.01072
328/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88485e-03	0.01072
329/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88457e-03	0.01073
330/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88429e-03	0.01074
331/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88402e-03	0.01075
332/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88374e-03	0.01076
333/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88346e-03	0.01077
334/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88319e-03	0.01077
335/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88291e-03	0.01078
336/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88263e-03	0.01079
337/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88235e-03	0.01080
338/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88208e-03	0.01081
339/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88180e-03	0.01082
340/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88152e-03	0.01083
341/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88124e-03	0.01083
342/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88097e-03	0.01084
343/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88069e-03	0.01085
344/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88041e-03	0.00986
345/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.88013e-03	0.01087
346/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87986e-03	0.01088
347/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87958e-03	0.01088
348/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87930e-03	0.01089
349/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87903e-03	0.01090
350/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87875e-03	0.01091
351/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87847e-03	0.01092
352/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87819e-03	0.01093
353/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87792e-03	0.01093
354/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87764e-03	0.01094
355/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87736e-03	0.01095
356/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87708e-03	0.01096
357/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87681e-03	0.01097
358/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87653e-03	0.01098
359/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87625e-03	0.01098
360/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87597e-03	0.01099
361/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87570e-03	0.01100
362/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87542e-03	0.01101
363/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87514e-03	0.01102
364/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87486e-03	0.01103
365/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87459e-03	0.01104
366/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87431e-03	0.01104
367/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87403e-03	0.01105
368/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87376e-03	0.01106
369/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87348e-03	0.01107
370/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87320e-03	0.01108
371/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87292e-03	0.01109
372/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87265e-03	0.01109
373/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87237e-03	0.01110
374/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87209e-03	0.01111
375/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87181e-03	0.01112
376/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87154e-03	0.01113
377/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87126e-03	0.01114
378/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87098e-03	0.01114
379/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87070e-03	0.01115
380/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87043e-03	0.01116
381/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.87015e-03	0.01117
382/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86987e-03	0.01118
383/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86960e-03	0.01119
384/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86932e-03	0.01119
385/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86904e-03	0.01120
386/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86876e-03	0.01121
387/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86849e-03	0.01122
388/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86821e-03	0.01123
389/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86793e-03	0.01124
390/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86765e-03	0.01124
391/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86738e-03	0.01125
392/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86710e-03	0.01126
393/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86682e-03	0.01127
394/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86654e-03	0.01128
395/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86627e-03	0.01129
396/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86599e-03	0.01130
397/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86571e-03	0.01130
398/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86544e-03	0.01131
399/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86516e-03	0.01132
400/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86488e-03	0.01133
401/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86460e-03	0.01184
402/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86433e-03	0.01085
403/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86405e-03	0.01085
404/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86377e-03	0.01086
405/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86349e-03	0.01087
406/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86322e-03	0.01088
407/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86294e-03	0.01089
408/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86266e-03	0.01090
409/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86238e-03	0.01090
410/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86211e-03	0.01091
411/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86183e-03	0.01092
412/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86155e-03	0.01093
413/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86127e-03	0.01094
414/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86100e-03	0.01095
415/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86072e-03	0.01095
416/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86044e-03	0.01096
417/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.86017e-03	0.01097
418/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85989e-03	0.01098
419/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85961e-03	0.01099
420/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85933e-03	0.01150
420/02	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85933e-03	0.01150
421/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85906e-03	0.01151
422/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85878e-03	0.01151
423/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85850e-03	0.01152
424/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85822e-03	0.01153
425/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85795e-03	0.01154
426/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85767e-03	0.01105
427/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85739e-03	0.01156
428/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85711e-03	0.01156
429/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85684e-03	0.01157
430/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85656e-03	0.01058
431/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85628e-03	0.01059
432/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85601e-03	0.01259
433/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85573e-03	0.01259
434/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85545e-03	0.01259
435/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85517e-03	0.01259
436/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85490e-03	0.01359
437/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85462e-03	0.01259
438/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85434e-03	0.01259
439/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85406e-03	0.01259
440/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85379e-03	0.01259
441/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85351e-03	0.01259
442/01	.34	1.9889e-05	-6.2817e-04	-1.4986	1.14690e-05	-1.85323e-03	0.01259
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix B

Summary of WOCE95-I8N/I5E CTD Oxygen Time Constants

	Temperature		Pressure	O2 Gradient
Fast(tau- Tf)	Slow(tau- Ts)	(tau- p)	(tau- og)
1.0		400.0		24.0		16.0

WOCE95-I8N/I5E: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
(refer to Equation 1.8.4.0)

Sta/	Oc Slope	  Offset	  Pl coeff	  Tf coeff	  Ts coeff	(dOc)/(dt) coeff
Cast	  (c1)		   (c2)		  (c3)		  (c4)		  (c5)		  (c6)
279/01	8.52318e-04	 4.04337e-03	 1.43663e-04	 4.41632e-02	-7.30479e-02	-4.01772e-07
280/01	3.64533e-03	-2.29321e-01	-4.43843e-04	 1.70664e-02	-9.41911e-02	 3.62236e-06
281/01	2.05888e-03	-8.97479e-02	-1.43960e-04	 1.14174e-02	-6.66599e-02	-1.45558e-06
282/01	1.64245e-03	-7.23028e-02	-9.16307e-06	 1.24447e-02	-5.85163e-02	 3.86605e-06
283/01	9.64614e-04	 1.53467e-02	 1.35408e-04	 1.45939e-02	-4.14754e-02	 8.76354e-06
284/01	1.00199e-03	 1.59438e-02	 1.28032e-04	 2.14580e-02	-4.61350e-02	 1.44789e-06
285/01	9.59996e-04	 1.63145e-02	 1.38566e-04	 6.59338e-03	-3.22591e-02	 2.67224e-06
286/01	9.69846e-04	 9.60806e-03	 1.44486e-04	 2.87690e-03	-2.89184e-02	 2.85749e-06
287/01	9.96152e-04	 2.00691e-02	 1.30353e-04	 4.77111e-03	-2.97393e-02	 8.95523e-06
288/01	9.47606e-04	 2.14528e-02	 1.42339e-04	-1.61170e-03	-2.37201e-02	 5.95008e-07
289/01	1.18668e-03	-5.98167e-02	 1.48829e-04	 1.43432e-02	-5.01994e-02	 7.00972e-07
290/01	1.08392e-03	-5.08259e-02	 1.69658e-04	 3.41896e-03	-3.40652e-02	-3.72869e-07
291/01	1.08746e-03	-4.95038e-02	 1.67751e-04	 4.25811e-03	-3.53692e-02	 2.74384e-06
292/01	9.99243e-04	-1.39607e-02	 1.59445e-04	 1.15520e-02	-3.97919e-02	-1.38786e-06
293/01	9.94947e-04	-1.61381e-02	 1.61297e-04	 8.97191e-03	-3.76099e-02	 1.49741e-06
294/01	1.05294e-03	-3.64365e-02	 1.64245e-04	 2.95560e-03	-3.40427e-02	 1.32924e-06
295/01	1.06256e-03	-3.74152e-02	 1.64156e-04	 4.67164e-03	-3.72985e-02	-2.81086e-07
296/01	1.08736e-03	-3.77890e-02	 1.54847e-04	 8.64275e-03	-3.95368e-02	 6.47843e-07
297/01	1.04384e-03	-2.96960e-02	 1.59643e-04	 6.15222e-03	-3.69691e-02	-2.83577e-06
298/01	1.03358e-03	-1.92658e-02	 1.53508e-04	 5.35137e-03	-3.61750e-02	-2.34867e-06
299/01	1.05557e-03	-3.17310e-02	 1.57956e-04	 5.86220e-03	-3.60030e-02	-1.09147e-07
300/01	1.05697e-03	-2.94770e-02	 1.55111e-04	 3.96796e-03	-3.66467e-02	 2.54063e-06
301/01	1.08237e-03	-4.35011e-02	 1.60532e-04	 5.67574e-03	-3.74594e-02	-1.86012e-06
302/01	1.06255e-03	-2.94582e-02	 1.54099e-04	 6.53854e-03	-3.66762e-02	 2.94676e-06
303/01	1.06716e-03	-3.42525e-02	 1.56949e-04	 1.53546e-02	-4.42526e-02	 2.63533e-06
304/01	1.04649e-03	-3.52538e-02	 1.62802e-04	 1.05099e-02	-4.08511e-02	-2.41519e-06
305/01	1.03430e-03	-2.72022e-02	 1.58393e-04	 1.39780e-02	-4.32988e-02	-3.58098e-06
306/01	1.08019e-03	-5.40741e-02	 1.68350e-04	 6.06480e-03	-3.73507e-02	-2.44443e-06
307/01	1.04480e-03	-3.96287e-02	 1.65634e-04	 9.93304e-03	-3.95943e-02	 1.45873e-06
308/01	1.01169e-03	-2.61166e-02	 1.61807e-04	 9.88584e-03	-3.94402e-02	-2.37924e-06
309/01	1.01905e-03	-2.64224e-02	 1.60790e-04	 6.61109e-03	-3.66759e-02	 1.36790e-06
310/01	1.04860e-03	-4.67079e-02	 1.70855e-04	 3.99216e-03	-3.50318e-02	 9.99414e-07
311/01	1.06226e-03	-5.49055e-02	 1.74076e-04	 6.25556e-03	-3.58645e-02	-1.70843e-06
312/01	1.03564e-03	-3.28531e-02	 1.62293e-04	 2.96234e-03	-3.29868e-02	-2.71325e-06
313/01	1.04568e-03	-4.31850e-02	 1.67791e-04	 5.86271e-03	-3.59947e-02	 8.17007e-07
314/01	1.05592e-03	-4.13119e-02	 1.62772e-04	 4.57435e-03	-3.54332e-02	-2.16138e-06
315/01	1.05696e-03	-3.41119e-02	 1.59750e-04	 4.89518e-04	-3.31453e-02	 2.63423e-07
316/01	1.06387e-03	-4.67391e-02	 1.66631e-04	 7.27067e-03	-3.83840e-02	-4.49783e-06
317/01	1.04154e-03	-4.49332e-02	 1.70005e-04	 4.14567e-03	-3.39997e-02	 2.06047e-06
318/01	1.05633e-03	-4.33619e-02	 1.65022e-04	 5.42878e-03	-3.77299e-02	-3.89447e-06
319/01	1.02186e-03	-3.26170e-02	 1.64306e-04	 9.09271e-03	-4.10371e-02	 2.25375e-07
320/01	1.08667e-03	-6.13795e-02	 1.72916e-04	 4.06638e-03	-3.62081e-02	-1.46380e-06
321/01	1.04886e-03	-3.70881e-02	 1.62834e-04	 7.89293e-03	-3.89794e-02	 5.27406e-07
322/01	1.05805e-03	-4.92201e-02	 1.70079e-04	 1.57975e-03	-3.48230e-02	 1.40272e-06
323/01	1.02985e-03	-3.43462e-02	 1.65197e-04	 2.59205e-03	-3.85251e-02	-2.76844e-06
324/01	1.02125e-03	-3.10034e-02	 1.62513e-04	 7.16791e-03	-3.73877e-02	-4.41064e-06
325/01	1.03789e-03	-4.12716e-02	 1.67632e-04	 5.29079e-03	-3.63241e-02	-2.88477e-07
326/01	9.33069e-04	 2.03401e-02	 1.42174e-04	 8.48215e-03	-3.68887e-02	-6.20940e-06
327/01	1.00289e-03	-1.15489e-02	 1.52162e-04	 1.32141e-04	-3.30415e-02	 4.53405e-06
328/01	9.92062e-04	 1.50570e-03	 1.48479e-04	-2.47955e-03	-3.23551e-02	-3.91634e-07
329/01	9.79453e-04	 2.00164e-02	 1.40599e-04	 1.40796e-03	-2.85774e-02	 5.14726e-06
330/01	9.71023e-04	 3.08286e-02	 1.33713e-04	 5.35858e-03	-3.05715e-02	-1.23754e-06
331/01	9.53090e-04	 1.78314e-02	 1.57833e-04	 1.67913e-03	-2.80144e-02	 4.71647e-06
332/01	9.10399e-04	 2.85856e-02	 1.59629e-04	 1.79658e-03	-2.57604e-02	 7.17955e-04
333/01	8.93699e-04	 3.20194e-02	 1.57675e-04	-1.42557e-03	-2.27319e-02	 4.63448e-05
334/01	8.99988e-04	 2.62650e-02	 1.64845e-04	 7.63326e-04	-2.30695e-02	 1.04963e-06
335/01	8.82728e-04	 2.00206e-02	 1.72501e-04	-2.29555e-03	-1.94200e-02	 1.00208e-05
336/01	8.88639e-04	 2.75129e-02	 1.64985e-04	-3.89094e-03	-2.03204e-02	 1.00218e-05
337/01	8.63598e-04	 3.32731e-02	 1.67723e-04	 3.52259e-04	-2.11163e-02	 6.49190e-06
338/01	1.04140e-03	-4.27848e-02	 1.65154e-04	 8.65657e-03	-3.90887e-02	-1.52167e-06
339/01	1.03843e-03	-3.54616e-02	 1.64211e-04	 3.15363e-03	-3.53254e-02	 5.61760e-06
340/01	1.04370e-03	-3.24554e-02	 1.60599e-04	 4.09755e-03	-3.57563e-02	 8.96981e-07
341/01	1.02441e-03	-2.45304e-02	 1.60146e-04	 9.26060e-03	-3.67453e-02	 5.81798e-06
342/01	1.02879e-03	-1.80826e-02	 1.53163e-04	 5.99476e-03	-3.50380e-02	-3.79633e-06
343/01	1.05166e-03	-3.20432e-02	 1.59723e-04	 9.10186e-03	-3.81464e-02	 4.12087e-06
344/01	1.03029e-03	-1.27765e-02	 1.51397e-04	 4.39564e-03	-3.41266e-02	 3.70848e-06
345/01	1.01608e-03	-7.35059e-03	 1.48896e-04	 8.29663e-03	-3.62023e-02	 2.53184e-05
346/01	1.04470e-03	-2.80450e-02	 1.58349e-04	 9.49466e-03	-3.80047e-02	 1.33981e-06
347/01	1.04971e-03	-3.02061e-02	 1.57525e-04	 8.56635e-03	-3.73016e-02	 5.86762e-06
348/01	1.04345e-03	-2.42341e-02	 1.56656e-04	-1.31520e-03	-3.32498e-02	-7.40282e-07
349/01	1.01526e-03	-1.20021e-02	 1.53395e-04	 6.73658e-03	-3.61178e-02	 1.36365e-06
350/01	1.04170e-03	-2.58945e-02	 1.57589e-04	 9.29864e-03	-3.74947e-02	 3.83706e-07
351/01	1.01645e-03	-1.73846e-02	 1.55370e-04	 8.40531e-03	-3.50534e-02	 5.30775e-06
352/01	1.01296e-03	-1.58326e-02	 1.58095e-04	 4.24103e-03	-3.35689e-02	 4.61468e-06
353/01	1.03692e-03	-1.75282e-02	 1.51974e-04	 1.05901e-02	-3.81984e-02	-1.59109e-05
354/01	1.02385e-03	-1.73969e-02	 1.55351e-04	 6.41028e-03	-3.49347e-02	 6.61776e-07
355/01	1.03653e-03	-2.59947e-02	 1.58127e-04	 4.19934e-03	-3.49718e-02	-5.74657e-07
356/01	1.06392e-03	-4.55890e-02	 1.66078e-04	 6.53038e-03	-3.77363e-02	 5.82517e-07
357/01	1.02719e-03	-2.97143e-02	 1.62580e-04	 1.85659e-04	-3.30351e-02	-3.50872e-06
358/01	1.02581e-03	-1.47199e-02	 1.52692e-04	 4.59718e-03	-3.46057e-02	-1.88832e-06
359/01	1.03465e-03	-2.25724e-02	 1.54988e-04	 7.77884e-04	-3.22090e-02	 2.46734e-06
360/01	1.00294e-03	-7.89930e-03	 1.53379e-04	 3.46888e-03	-3.32753e-02	 3.47849e-07
361/01	9.99206e-04	-1.42886e-02	 1.57477e-04	 2.17508e-03	-3.20480e-02	 6.04259e-07
362/01	1.02396e-03	-3.06383e-02	 1.65762e-04	 3.14972e-03	-3.38994e-02	-3.66414e-06
363/01	1.04658e-03	-3.60516e-02	 1.62602e-04	 1.07879e-03	-3.39874e-02	 3.56257e-07
364/01	9.70671e-04	-7.50010e-03	 1.61931e-04	 2.04978e-04	-3.08245e-02	-5.15948e-06
365/01	1.02460e-03	-8.80079e-03	 1.46197e-04	 1.00038e-02	-3.77468e-02	-1.12506e-06
366/01	8.20423e-04	 3.87757e-02	 1.72106e-04	 2.53874e-03	-2.30226e-02	 2.13467e-06
367/01	8.81846e-04	-2.51906e-02	 2.54330e-04	-1.80904e-03	-2.46001e-02	-1.89703e-06
368/01	9.31617e-04	 1.43499e-01	-3.47045e-06	 5.73919e-03	-3.15032e-02	-1.36113e-08
369/01	8.88794e-04	 2.96812e-02	 1.54024e-04	 3.66036e-03	-2.72780e-02	-2.28554e-06
370/01	8.97128e-04	 1.08922e-02	 1.71876e-04	-1.84879e-03	-2.40132e-02	-4.30155e-06
371/01	1.07389e-03	-2.91161e-02	 1.54042e-04	-3.28907e-03	-3.20120e-02	 2.50067e-06
372/01	8.73904e-04	 3.44162e-02	 1.62630e-04	 6.31408e-04	-2.46183e-02	 2.18257e-06
373/01	9.23544e-04	 3.04299e-02	 1.44982e-04	 4.72514e-03	-3.04786e-02	 6.02030e-07
374/01	8.89353e-04	 8.80877e-03	 1.82477e-04	 3.87527e-03	-2.74343e-02	 4.02201e-06
375/01	8.25705e-04	 3.57947e-02	 1.74524e-04	-5.80312e-04	-2.23592e-02	-1.70328e-06
376/01	9.41350e-04	-2.70934e-02	 2.03194e-04	-6.07999e-03	-2.44833e-02	 2.76055e-07
377/01	1.02119e-03	-1.80942e-02	 1.54225e-04	-4.26957e-04	-3.41325e-02	 2.98076e-06
378/01	1.02124e-03	-2.61431e-02	 1.60546e-04	 5.64444e-03	-3.61640e-02	-2.78503e-07
379/01	1.01466e-03	-1.31267e-02	 1.52435e-04	 6.69160e-03	-3.58598e-02	 2.47331e-06
380/01	1.02508e-03	-2.81974e-02	 1.62646e-04	 4.80296e-03	-3.46597e-02	 6.57995e-06
381/01	1.01564e-03	-2.06249e-02	 1.57452e-04	-1.80742e-03	-3.06700e-02	-9.40179e-07
382/01	1.00165e-03	-2.36846e-02	 1.64074e-04	-3.10258e-03	-3.00824e-02	-3.40456e-06
383/01	1.03028e-03	-3.04194e-02	 1.60445e-04	 8.44393e-03	-3.83596e-02	 7.44252e-07
384/01	1.01506e-03	-2.15578e-02	 1.58562e-04	-5.92014e-04	-3.17031e-02	 1.27020e-06
385/01	9.91673e-04	-2.00930e-02	 1.64256e-04	 3.22954e-03	-3.18648e-02	-5.91359e-06
386/01	1.02027e-03	-1.82012e-02	 1.53284e-04	 4.01180e-03	-3.41552e-02	 6.89912e-07
387/01	8.86070e-04	-6.50824e-03	 1.89090e-04	 3.25052e-04	-2.77795e-02	 1.18260e-06
388/01	9.80692e-04	-5.32410e-03	 1.52603e-04	 5.45175e-03	-3.25377e-02	-2.49030e-06
389/01	9.63360e-04	-2.40638e-03	 1.57455e-04	 5.43451e-03	-3.32001e-02	-3.16022e-06
390/01	9.81339e-04	 4.80023e-03	 1.47337e-04	 1.02463e-02	-3.52005e-02	-3.01350e-06
391/01	1.00870e-03	-2.04449e-02	 1.62000e-04	 1.13585e-03	-3.16626e-02	-1.83329e-07
392/01	9.28419e-04	 3.80705e-03	 1.65616e-04	 5.02759e-03	-3.12686e-02	 7.15368e-07
393/01	8.73469e-04	-4.98334e-04	 1.92085e-04	 1.40783e-03	-2.64689e-02	 1.17892e-06
394/01	8.54438e-04	 1.86209e-02	 1.80606e-04	-4.06576e-04	-2.43376e-02	-2.06638e-06
395/01	1.77948e-03	-1.48922e-02	-1.72589e-04	-2.31574e-03	-5.79207e-02	-1.65631e-06
396/01	1.11257e-03	-3.40443e-02	 1.29552e-04	-1.28578e-03	-3.58044e-02	-1.39503e-06
397/01	9.87369e-04	-8.98119e-03	 1.60764e-04	 3.27300e-04	-3.06843e-02	 8.55015e-06
398/01	1.03996e-03	-3.20442e-02	 1.60485e-04	-4.51736e-03	-3.16962e-02	-3.54980e-06
399/01	9.71810e-04	-4.93114e-03	 1.57385e-04	 5.90244e-03	-3.46241e-02	-1.20793e-05
400/01	1.00277e-03	-2.10191e-02	 1.61605e-04	 4.20136e-04	-3.28615e-02	-1.41640e-06
401/01	1.01500e-03	-2.80314e-02	 1.63432e-04	 4.95730e-03	-3.52418e-02	-3.95473e-07
402/01	1.05551e-03	-3.69151e-02	 1.61119e-04	-8.27702e-03	-3.37281e-02	-1.41699e-06
403/01	1.00573e-03	-1.24233e-02	 1.53923e-04	 8.88181e-03	-3.82373e-02	 4.94276e-06
404/01	9.84862e-04	-9.74446e-03	 1.57481e-04	 8.76472e-03	-3.65011e-02	 4.21206e-07
405/01	9.74993e-04	 6.12476e-04	 1.53664e-04	 2.76102e-03	-3.41589e-02	-4.21993e-06
406/01	9.86408e-04	-1.42047e-02	 1.60914e-04	 1.54106e-03	-3.28346e-02	-4.93489e-06
407/01	9.90133e-04	-1.28966e-02	 1.58788e-04	 9.48479e-03	-3.88345e-02	-6.56106e-06
408/01	1.01700e-03	-2.63961e-02	 1.63127e-04	 1.78238e-03	-3.65663e-02	 3.96754e-06
409/01	9.69506e-04	-5.53079e-03	 1.58415e-04	 6.85656e-04	-3.28321e-02	-2.22603e-06
410/01	1.00408e-03	-2.60642e-02	 1.65205e-04	 5.39250e-04	-3.32779e-02	-4.02666e-06
411/01	1.02627e-03	-2.86111e-02	 1.62451e-04	 6.45501e-03	-3.76061e-02	 6.08891e-07
412/01	1.00683e-03	-1.88567e-02	 1.59409e-04	 5.68216e-03	-3.66846e-02	-5.74619e-06
413/01	1.04781e-03	-3.00057e-02	 1.58332e-04	 6.14629e-03	-3.98318e-02	-3.89584e-06
414/01	1.01774e-03	-3.01136e-02	 1.65001e-04	 8.40089e-03	-3.85160e-02	-1.40599e-06
415/01	9.75623e-04	-1.18112e-03	 1.52518e-04	 1.27211e-02	-3.89634e-02	 1.48734e-06
416/01	1.02076e-03	-2.95602e-02	 1.67557e-04	 6.87556e-03	-3.87863e-02	-1.28551e-07
417/01	8.84167e-04	 1.34733e-02	 1.74079e-04	 1.19905e-03	-2.92011e-02	-1.83884e-07
418/01	9.94331e-04	-7.50508e-03	 1.54183e-04	 1.29907e-02	-3.99842e-02	 1.69047e-06
419/01	1.04607e-03	-2.49970e-02	 1.55462e-04	 9.02237e-03	-3.93008e-02	-7.59427e-06
420/01	1.02328e-03	-1.91011e-02	 1.56428e-04	 8.33631e-03	-3.77065e-02	 3.95575e-06
420/02	1.05667e-03	-3.69862e-02	 1.61798e-04	 1.25093e-02	-4.13881e-02	 3.27329e-06
421/01	1.02968e-03	-2.07166e-02	 1.55598e-04	 3.55479e-03	-3.47545e-02	 2.94570e-06
422/01	1.06143e-03	-4.52267e-02	 1.66175e-04	 6.01757e-03	-3.86456e-02	-5.46583e-06
423/01	1.08653e-03	-5.21053e-02	 1.66013e-04	 1.18134e-02	-4.32037e-02	-3.08955e-06
424/01	9.55597e-04	-5.24552e-03	 1.64049e-04	 5.97484e-03	-3.39257e-02	 1.49584e-06
425/01	9.82609e-04	-1.16778e-02	 1.58609e-04	 5.59794e-03	-3.48328e-02	-4.85971e-06
426/01	1.00736e-03	-2.39704e-02	 1.62762e-04	 7.80778e-04	-3.35500e-02	 3.24174e-06
427/01	1.03299e-03	-3.79965e-02	 1.65714e-04	 7.71112e-03	-3.77836e-02	-6.71502e-06
428/01	1.02076e-03	-2.77672e-02	 1.62498e-04	 1.12249e-02	-4.02223e-02	 3.94843e-06
429/01	1.04673e-03	-3.50824e-02	 1.61518e-04	 4.24369e-03	-3.62437e-02	 1.14639e-05
430/01	9.98055e-04	-1.67936e-02	 1.60029e-04	 1.54201e-03	-3.34126e-02	-5.37280e-06
431/01	9.70177e-04	-2.58558e-04	 1.52598e-04	 5.85572e-03	-3.37701e-02	-6.36960e-06
432/01	1.01316e-03	-2.27551e-02	 1.61129e-04	 4.09204e-03	-3.47461e-02	 2.05722e-06
433/01	1.08778e-03	-5.84491e-02	 1.68632e-04	 2.11092e-03	-3.68270e-02	-2.25204e-06
434/01	1.08929e-03	-6.67766e-02	 1.76557e-04	 4.70281e-03	-3.79299e-02	 5.33393e-07
435/01	9.62709e-04	-5.46080e-03	 1.59130e-04	 5.47514e-03	-3.28101e-02	-2.09338e-07
436/01	9.68754e-04	-7.69380e-03	 1.63413e-04	-1.53111e-03	-2.94909e-02	-8.83548e-07
437/01	8.56481e-04	 2.66360e-02	 1.66443e-04	 6.44383e-03	-2.57234e-02	 5.27124e-07
438/01	9.14425e-04	-1.75937e-02	 2.03695e-04	 8.86095e-03	-3.16521e-02	-5.17207e-06
439/01	1.47398e-03	 1.56284e-01	-2.68494e-04	 5.02208e-03	-4.91193e-02	 1.80989e-06
440/01	1.46596e-03	 1.46999e-01	-3.16534e-04	 2.52959e-03	-4.62666e-02	-7.94729e-06
441/01	1.16374e-02	-6.71017e+00	-1.65709e-03	-1.68724e-02	-9.58936e-02	 1.19745e-06
442/01	2.08058e-04	 2.41444e+00	 6.06142e-04	 4.40482e-02	-8.67905e-02	 7.70288e-06
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix C

WOCE95-I8N/I5E: CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments

Key to Problem/Comment Abbreviations
AB	(backup) ctdoxy sensor A or B used this cast; see Table 1.2.0 for details
CO	conductivity offset
CN	ctd conductivity signal noisy
DG	density gradient in top 6db, data consistent/smooth in time-series CTD; 
	possibly real
DI	density inversion in top 6db, data consistent/smooth in time-series CTD; 
	possibly real
OB	bottom ctdoxy signal drop coincides with slowdown for bottom approach
OF	ctdoxy fit off more than 0.02 ml/l compared to bottle data (and/or nearby 
	ctd casts)
OH	ctdoxy fit high near surface: high raw ctdoxy signal
OL	ctdoxy fit low near surface: either slow cast start or low ctdoxy signal
ON	ctdoxy signal unusually noisy
OS	raw ctdoxy signal shifts
SB	surface bottle oxy value(s) missing or questionable, not used for ctdoxy fit
SS	probable sea slime on conductivity sensor
WS	winch slowdown/stop, potential shift in ctdoxy signal

Key to Solution/Action Abbreviations
BF	backup ctdoxy sensor (B) may be faulty: data look suspect even in non-
	noisy areas
DO	despiked raw ctdoxy, despiked data ok unless otherwise indicated
DS	despiked salinity, changed temperature and/or conductivity - see .ctd file 
	codes
NA	no action taken, used default quality code 2
NR	cast not processed, not reported with final data
O3	quality code 3 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures specified
O4	quality code 4 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures specified
OA	av eraged bottle oxy values from nearby casts to determine surface ctdoxy fit
OC	offset conductivity channel to account for shift/offset
RO	offset raw ctdoxy data to account for signal drop caused by 
	slowdown/stop/yoyo; usually DO in transition area above offset

Cast	Problem/Comment						Solution/Action
278/01	TEST cast, bottles all tripped same pressure		NR
280/01	ctdoxy bulges low near surface, looks suspect		O322-64db
281/x1	relay problems on Port winch; ABORT cast -400m		NR
281/01	switched to Stbd winch prior to cast; overwrote		NA
	aborted cast with these data
282/01	ctdoxy signal spiky/out 1974db down to -900db up	DO/O41978-2596db
283/01	replaced ctdoxy sensor prior to cast; DI/-0.027		NA
	AB/ON 1658-3270db/btm: big ctdoxy spikes		DO/O3 1550-2262db, 2480-2740db
	1658-2262db, 2480-2606db
284/01	replaced cable to ctdoxy sensor prior to cast; AB/ON	DO1600-4044db/btm
285/01	DG/+0.17; AB/ON						NA; DO 1850-4202db/btm
286/01	AB/ON							DO 2100-4272db/btm
287/01	SB; AB/ON						OA; DO 550-4328db/btm
288/01	DI/-0.021; AB/ON					NA; DO 500-4376db/btm
289/01	switched back to primary ctdoxy sensor prior to cast
	OB							RO +1 4390-4398db/btm
290/01	DG/+0.19						NA
	OH, espec. 0-10db; then ctdoxy bulges low, looks	DO/O3 0-46db
	suspect
291/01	DG/+0.32						NA
293/01	DI/-0.026; OB						NA; RO +1 4400-4408db/btm
294/01	SB; OB							OA; RO +2 4388-4394db/btm
295/01	DG/+0.15						NA
296/01	DI/-0.031						NA
	misjudged bottom depth: rosette hit bottom, then	pulled wire back in slowly, no apparent damage
	240m excess wire out before noticed			to rosette/CTD
	drops at bottom in ctdoxy/conductivity signals		truncate cast 0.5 db above bottom "hit", 3822db
								maxp now vs. 3824db
	first bottle tripped -100m above bottom			used average value from 4 nearby casts for
								bottom ctdoxy fit
297/01	OB							RO +1 4522-4598db, RO +2 4600-4626db/btm
298/01	OB							RO +2 4626-4644db, RO +3 4646-4682db/btm
	SS/CO							OC +.001 mmho/cm 2358-4682db
299/01	OB							RO +2 4692-4700db, RO +4 4702-4712db/btm
300/01	DG/+0.20						NA
	OB							RO +1 4700-4706db, RO +2 4708-4714db/btm
301/01	SB; OB							OA; RO +2 4710-4718db/btm
302/01	OB							RO +1 4692-4740db/btm
303/01	OB							RO +1 4726-4750db/btm
304/01	DI/-0.017						NA
305/01	DG/+0.14; OB						NA; RO +2 4798-4802db/btm
306/01	DG/+0.13; SB						NA; OA
308/01	DI/-0.020; OB						NA; RO +3 4954-4974db/btm
309/01	DI/-0.015; OB						NA; RO +1 4932-4976db/btm
311/01	OB							RO +1 4988-4996db/btm
312/01	OL to top of thermocline;OB				DO/O3 0-54db; RO +1 5034-5038db/btm
313/01	DI/-0.022						NA
	OB							RO +1 5046-5062db, RO +2 5064-5088db/btm
314/01	OB							RO +2 4658-4684db, RO +4 4686-4692db/btm
315/01	DG/+0.17						NA
316/01	OB							RO +1 5218-5220db/btm
317/01	DI/-0.028; OB						NA; RO +1 5202-5248db/btm
318/01	DG/+0.11; SS/cond. offsets to match up at 5184db	NA; OS +.001 PSU 0-5182db
	OB/WS 1 min. at 5184-5188db				RO +1 5180-5278db/btm
319/01	DG/+0.32						NA
	OB							RO +1 5182-5220db, RO +2 5222-5230db/btm
320/01	DG/+0.10						NA
	OB							RO +1 4970-4978db, RO +2 4980-4984db/btm
321/01	SB							OA
	OB							RO +1 5460-5464db, RO +2 5466-5486db/btm
322/01	OB/WS 1 min. at 5492-5496db				RO +1 5414-5422db, RO +2 5424-5500db/btm
323/01	DG/+0.17						NA
		OB						RO +1 5236-5260db, RO +2 5262-5266db/btm
324/01	SB; OB							OA; RO +1 5274-5292db/btm
325/01	DI/-0.020						NA
	OB							RO +1 5410-5438db, RO +3 5440-5444db/btm
326/01	ON/big ctdoxy spikes 714-1008db, 1146-1276db,		DO/O3704-1462db
	1376-1540db, 1778-1798db
	OB							RO +1 5448-5460db/btm
327/01	ON/big ctdoxy spikes 536-848db, 890-1098db,		DO/O3680-1206db
	1184-1364db, 1434-1544db
328/01	OH/short warmup, ctdoxy sensor not stabilized before	DO/O30-66db
	cast in water, WS 1 min. at 0-4db
	OB							RO +1 5408-5426db/btm
329/01	replaced ctdoxy sensor prior to cast
	SS/CO							OC +.001 mmho/cm 4254-4666db
	AB/ON 3898-4456db, 5136-5376db/btm			DO 3898-5376db
	OB							RO +1 5350-5362db, RO +3 5364-5376db/btm
330/01	AB/ON 800db-bottom, espec. 3476-4186db,			DO
	5052-5112db
	OB							RO +1 5198-5216db/btm
331/01	SS/CO							OC +.002 mmho/cm 1942-2444db
	AB/ON espec. 3522-3972db; OB				DO; RO +1 5052-5126db/btm
332/01	DI/-0.016; OL/WS 1 min. at 2-6db			NA; DO/O3 0-38db
	AB: OF, ON espec. 3700-5012db/btm			BF/O3 2350-3500db, DO
333/01	DI/-0.022; OL/slow transit through surface area		NA; DO/O3 0-48db
	AB/OF							BF/O33800-4800db
334/01	AB/OF							BF/O3 3150-3650db
	AB/ON intermittent starting 3800db, steady		DO 3700-5012db
	4600-5084db/btm
	OB							RO +1 5072-5084db/btm
335/01	AB/OF							BF/O3 2700-4050db
	ON intermittent from 3950db, steady 4274-4918db		DO/ok below 4050db 3950-4918db
	OB							RO +1 5080-5100db/btm
336/01	AB/OF							BF/O3 2736-4510db
	ON smaller than previous casts, 3850-5100db,		DO/ok below 4510db 3850-5100db
	increasing with depth
337/01	AB/ON smaller than previous casts, still OF		BF/O32850-4992db
338/01	switched back to primary ctdoxy sensor with new
	cable prior to cast
	OB							RO +1 5108-5120db/btm
339/01	OB							RO +1 5066-5086db, RO +2 5088-5106db/btm
340/01	ON intermittent 900-2200db, 4000-5124db/btm		DO900-5124db/btm
	OB/WS 1 min. at 5120-5124db				RO +4 5120-5124db/btm
341/01	DI/-0.026						NA
	ON intermittent 3750-4022db + 4650-4798db, steady	DO/OF/O3 4420-4774db
	4120-4622db
	OB							RO +2 5178-5180db/btm
342/01	DI/-0.017; OB						NA; RO +1 5158-5168db/btm
343/01	DI/-0.015; OB						NA; RO +1 5070-5146db/btm
344/01	OB							RO +1 5028-5032db/btm
345/01	OB							RO +2 4926-4938db, RO +3 4940-4944db/btm
346/01	OB							RO +1 4926-4932db, RO +2 4934-4942db/btm
347/01	WS/OS							RO +2 4774-4796db
	OB							RO +1 4886-4892db, RO +3 4894-4904db/btm
348/01	DI/-0.018; OB						NA; RO +3 4680-4742db/btm
349/01	ON intermittent deep, biggest segment 4000-4060db	DO4000-4060db
	OB							RO +1 4618-4630db/btm
350/01	OB							RO +2 4640-4686db, RO +5 4688-4694db,
								RO +4 4696-4718db/btm
351/01	DI/-0.024; OB						NA; RO +1 4758-4790db/btm
352/01	OL/top 10 db; OB					DO; RO +2 4448-4566db/btm
353/01	OH/top 10 db; OB					DO/O3 0-14db; RO +3 4478-4484db/btm
354/01	OB							RO +2 4434-4450db, RO +3 4452-4482db/btm
355/01	OB							RO +3 4478-4486db, RO +4 4488-4500db/btm
356/01	OB							RO +1 4292-4306db/btm
357/01	OB							RO +1 4474-4478db, RO +2 4480-4488db/btm
358/01	OB							RO +2 4308-4312db/btm
359/01	-3km off planned station posn. to avoid seamount
	new end termination prior to cast; DI/-0.015		NA
	OB							RO +1 3948-4088db, RO +2 4090-4120db,
								RO +4 4122-4138db, RO +5 4140-4146db/btm
360/01	OB							RO +2 4562-4686db/btm
361/01	OF/spike in ctdoxy signal near cast bottom;OB		DO/O3 4586-4630db; RO +4 4598-4630db/btm
362/01	bottom bottle oxy value high/questionable		used nearby cast values to determine bottom
								ctdoxy fit
	ctdoxy still drifts high near bottom			O3 4576-4740db
	OB							RO +2 4664-4684db, RO +4 4686-4718db,
								RO +5 4720-4740db/btm
363/01	OB							RO +4 4432-4438db, RO +5 4440-4460db/btm
364/01	OB							RO +3 3904-3936db/btm
365/01	DI/-0.019						NA
	OB							RO +1 3484-3526db, RO +3 3528-3572db,
								RO +4 3574-3584db/btm
366/01	OS							RO +3 2506-2522db
367/01	WS/1 min. at 1618-1622db/btm				NA
369/01	DI/-0.018						NA
370/01	OB							RO +3 2420-2450db/btm
372/01	OB							RO +5 2708-2720db/btm
373/01	OB							RO +5 3186-3200db/btm
375/01	OB							RO +6 1592-1606db/btm
376/01	OB							RO +5 1888-1996db, RO +7 1998-2002db/btm
377/01	OB							RO +2 3554-3562db/btm
378/01	OB							RO +4 3804-3812db/btm
379/01	OB							RO +2 4422-4428db/btm
380/01	-6km short of original station posn. to avoid seamount
381/01	OB							RO +2 4430-4436db/btm
382/01	OB							RO +1 4198-4208db, RO +2 4210-4234db/btm
383/01	OH/short warmup, ctdoxy sensor not stabilized before	DO0-18db
	cast in water
	OB							RO +3 3806-3822db, RO +4 3824-3916db/btm
384/01	OB							RO +4 4306-4324db, RO +2 4326-4332db/btm
385/01	OB							RO +1 4078-4084db, RO +4 4086-4110db/btm
386/01	OB							RO +4 4288-4302db/btm
388/01	WS/OS							RO +3 3326-3344db
389/01	-7km past original station posn.
390/01	DI/-0.019						NA
391/01	OB							RO +1 3540-3546db, RO +3 3548-3578db/btm
392/01	OB							RO +5 3000-3090db/btm
395/01	OB							RO +2 1196-1202db/btm
396/01	OB							RO +3 1720-1748db/btm
397/01	OL/slow transit through surface area			DO0-58db
398/01	OB							RO +2 3600-3612db, RO +3 3614-3636db/btm
399/01	OH, bottle matches sta.398, ctdoxy matches sta.400	DO0-18db
	OB							RO +2 3708-3712db, RO +4 3714-3718db/btm
400/01	OB							RO +4 4136-4158db, RO +5 4160-4170db/btm
401/01	SS/CO, WS/0.5 min. at 4232-4236db			OC +.002 mmho/cm 1964-4228db
	OB							RO +3 4220-4240db/btm
402/01	DI/-0.018						NA
	ctdoxy low compared to bottles, espec. 150-550db	NA/ok 0-600db: ctdoxy matches 4 nearest casts
	OB							RO +2 4256-4258db/btm
403/01	OB							RO +1 4318-4340db/btm
404/01	DI/-0.017; OB						NA; RO +2 4314-4334db/btm
406/01	odd ctdoxy inflections throughout cast, even in well-	NA
	mixed areas
	OB							RO -1 4566-4572db/btm
407/01	OB							RO +1 4466-4510db/btm
408/01	WS/1 min. at 266-270db					NA
	small rise in ctdoxy near bottom			DO/O3 3934-4016db
	OB							RO +1 3934-4016db/btm
412/01	SS/CO; OB						DS 1038-1058db; RO +2 4694-4738db/btm
413/01	SB							OA
	OB							RO +1.5 5598-5610db, RO +2.5 5612-5630db,
								RO +1.5 5632-5652db/btm
414/01	OF?/ctdoxy low relative to bottle data, but ok		O3 1960-2356db: visible breaks in ctdoxy, data
	compared to nearby ctdoxy data				may be ok
	OB							RO +1 3948-4124db, RO +4 4126-4134db/btm
415/01	OB							RO +3 3002-3026db, RO +5 3028-3096db/btm
416/01	OB							RO +2 2228-2232db/btm
419/01	OB							RO +2 5174-5198db/btm
420/01	white (pylon) conductor short to seawater on Stbd	ABORT on up-cast above 4070db, use cast 2
	winch, no bottles tripped above 4050db			bottle values to fit ctdoxy above 4050db
420/02	back to Port winch; OB					RO +1 5326-5332db, RO +3 5334-5344db/btm
421/01	OB							RO +1 5186-5334db/btm
422/01	OB							RO +2 5160-5162db/btm
423/01	DI/-0.020						NA
	OH, then jagged ctdoxy to top of thermocline		DO/O3 0-56db
424/01	OB							RO +2 2978-2980db/btm
426/01	OB							RO -1 5168-5172db/btm
427/01	OB							RO +3 5028-5044db/btm
428/01	WS/1 min. at 4100db for wire check; OB			RO +1 5280-5318db/btm
429/01	OL: off from bottles top —180db but ctdoxy matches	O30-16db
	nearby casts below 16db
	OB							RO +2 5296-5306db, RO +3 5308-5320db/btm
430/01	SB							OA
431/01	DI/-0.021; OB						NA; RO +2 5170-5174db/btm
432/01	OB							RO +3 5112-5128db/btm
433/01	SB; OH							OA; DO
	OS; OB							RO +1 4962-5038db; RO +2 5078-5090db/btm
434/01	OB							RO +1 4834-4846db, RO +2 4848-4860db/btm
435/01	OB							RO +2 4388-4400db/btm
436/01	CN 2000-3458db/btm (intermittent sm.offsets up-cast)	DS
	OB							RO +1 3420-3458db/btm
437/01	DI/-0.021						NA
438/01	DI/-0.016						NA
439/01	DI/-0.023; OB						NA; RO +3 1010db/btm
440/01	DI/-0.021; OB						NA; RO +8 636-646db/btm
441/01	OB							RO +5 418-440db/btm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix D

WOCE95-I8N/I5E: Bottle Quality Comments

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI data comments, and WOCE codes 
other than 2 from WOCE I8N/I5E KN-145.7. Investigation of data may include 
comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review of data 
plots of the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading of charts 
(i.e., nutrients). Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of ODF's 
investigations are included in this report. Units stated in these comments are 
degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for salinity, and 
unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and micromoles per 
liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Phosphate. The first number before the 
comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number (BTLNBR).

Station 279
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 280
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
116-117	CTD OXY processor: "CTDoxy bulges low near surface, looks suspect." 
	Footnote CTD oxy uncertain.
110	Delta-S at 203db is -0.0336. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. CTD shows a lot of change at this trip level. Salinity and other 
	data are acceptable.
102	Bottle oxygen value a little high (.03 ml/l) compared to adjacent stations 
	and CTD oxygen.  Footnote oxygen uncertain.

Station 281
Cast 1	Sample Log: "No leakers."

Station 282
126	Sample Log: "Leaky bottle, (air leak)." Delta-S 0.0544 high at 94db. High 
	gradient. Other water samples also look okay.
103	Delta-S at 2221 db is 0.025. All water samples appear to be from about 
	1900db. Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.
101-104	Console Ops: "O2 sensor went out near 2000m, replaced O2 sensor at 
	end of station." Footnote CTD Oxy bad.

Station 283
Cast 1	Console Ops: "O2 malfunction near 1750m." No comments on the Sample Log.
107-110	CTD OXY processor: "Big ctdoxy spikes." Footnote CTD OXY questionable.
104-106	CTD OXY processor: "CTDoxy fit suspect." Footnote CTD OXY questionable.
101	O2 analyst: "two stir bars". Oxygen value appears
	0.055 ml/l high compared to adjacent station and CTD o2. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.

Station 284
126	Sample Log: "Leaks a lot, with air vent closed." Delta-S at 222db is 
	0.0013 low. Nutrients also okay. Samples are acceptable. Oxygen crossed 
	off sample log, not run, assume not drawn.
113	Delta-S at 1563db is 0.0030. This agrees with adjacent stations. See 111-
	113 Sample Log comment. Salinity is acceptable.
111-113	Sample Log: "O2 leak when sampled." Delta-Ss 0.0007, 0.0007, and 
	0.0030 high, respectively.  Other water samples also okay.
101	Salinity sample lost. Salt bottle broken per salinity data sheet. 
	Salinity: "Transferred to another salt bottle." This did not work out, the 
	salinity was 0.03 high.
101-112	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 285
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S ~0.003 
	PSU low, (bath temp)." There appears to be a problem with the deep 
	salinity samples. There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal.  The salinities 
	are also lower than adjacent stations. All salinity values are flagged as 
	questionable.
101-113	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 286
111	PO4 0.07 high, NO3 0.5 high, SiO3 5.5 low. Same value as 13 two levels 
	above. Duplicate draw? Footnote nutrients bad.
108 	Sample Log: "Water leak (lot)-vent not closed." Delta-S at 2935db is 
	-0.0008. O2 and nutrients also okay. May be error on sample log note. The 
	comment from the Sample Log apparently refers to bottle 7.
107	Oxy not sampled. No note on sample log. ODF O2 sampler said bottle bad. 
	Salt and nuts okay.  Further review of Sample Log sheet indicates that 
	there was a mixup on recording of comment on Sample Log. The comment for 
	bottle 8 apparently refers to this bottle.
102	Delta-S at 4159db is -0.0022. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Also lower than adjacent stations except higher than 285, 
	however, 285 is coded questionable. Footnote salinity
	questionable.
101-112	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 287
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	Oxygen analyst: "Small Bubble." O2 value 0.1 ml/l higher than adjacent 
	stations. Footnote oxygen questionable.
110	Oxygen low by 0.05 ml/l compared to stations 286 and 288. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.
109	Oxygen a little high compared to stations 286, 287 and CTD oxy at this 
	level. Value same as NB08, could be duplicate draw. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.
102	Oxygen a little high compared to station 286 and CTD oxy at this level 
	(.03ml/l). Footnote oxygen questionable.
101-124	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 288
136	Sample Log: "Comes up untripped." Footnote samples not drawn from 
	this bottle.
106-135	Sample Log: "Mistrip on bottle 6, 6-35 off by 1." No water samples 
	at intended depth 3492db. All CTD trip data was removed this level and all 
	bottles tripped one level higher than intended. Footnote bottle did not 
	trip correctly.
101-112	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 289
108	Sample Log: "Air vent not tightly closed." Delta-S at 2931db is -0.0006. 
	Other water samples also okay.
102	Delta-S at 4156db is -0.0021. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Variation between adjacent stations, value for this station are 
	0.0015 low. Out of WOCE spec of measurement. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.

Station 290
Cast 1	There appears to be a problem with the deep salinity samples. There 
	is no obvious problem with the run, but the shipboard processor suspects a 
	problem with the autosal. Bottle salinities look 0.003 psu low when 
	compared to adjacent stations and CTD salinity. All salinity values are
	flagged as questionable.
135-136	CTDO Processor: "High raw oxy signal, then value bulges low. Looks 
	suspect." Footnote CTDO questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, footnote 
	as questionable.

Station 291
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
135	Oxygen sample accidentally lost before titration.
103	Delta-S at 4003db is -0.0046. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Lower (~0.002-~0.003) as compared with adjacent stations. Other 
	data are acceptable. Footnote salinity bad.
102	Delta-S at 4207db is -0.0032. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Lower (~0.002) as compared with adjacent stations. Other data are 
	acceptable. Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 292
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
115	Delta-S at 1565db is 0.0026 which is 0.004 high. Autosal run okay. Other 
	water samples look okay. CTD up trace looks okay. May just be normal 
	gradient this level.

Station 293
126	Sample log: "Bottom lanyard looped around 27." Delta-S at 648db is 0.0011. 
	Other water samples also okay.
123	Sample Log: "Leaking bottom end cap (reseated end cap fixed)." Delta-S is 
	-0.0003 at 879. Other water samples also look okay. Two other bottles were 
	tripped at this level. The oxygen from this bottle is ~0.02 low. Footnote 
	oxygen questionable.

Station 294
136	Oxygen value appears 0.1 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	Oxy value. No analyst notes to indicate a problem. Footnote Oxygen 
	uncertain.
135	Oxygen value appears 0.2 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	Oxy value. No analyst notes to indicate a problem. Footnote Oxygen 
	uncertain.
120	Sample log: "O2 870 not full of NaOH." looks good compared to CTDO.

Station 295
135	Sample log: "Leak." Delta-S at 15db is -0.0026. Other water samples also 
	look okay.
109	Sample log: "Leak." Delta-S at 2328db is 0.0001. Other water samples also 
	look okay.

Station 296
Cast 1	Sample log: "Rosette touched bottom during down cast."
107	Sample log: "Air vent open." Delta-S at 2883db is 0.0010. Other water 
	samples also okay.

Station 297
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 298
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 299
Cast 1	Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S 0.003 PSU low: autosal bath temp." 
	Standard dial is lower than adjoining stations, 7-8 units, and the autosal 
	output indicates a little drift, < 0.001, which is within specs of the 
	measurement. There is some other problem. The standard dial value was 
	manually entered into the system, and no handwritten copy was made to 
	double-check that the entry was done correctly. We could only justify 
	adding 0.00004 to the conductivity ratios. This amounts to about 0.001 
	PSU. To change it any more we would have to assume that the Standard dial 
	was off and that the ending worm was wrong too. There is not a definitive 
	answer for adjusting these values. All salinity values are flagged as 
	questionable.
102	Sample log: "Unusually warm when 02 was drawn (7.7)." Delta-S at 4569db is 
	0.3765. Other water samples also appear to be from about 250m. Footnote 
	bottle leaking, samples bad.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, footnote 
	as questionable.

Station 300
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Shipboard Processor: "All Delta-S 
	0.002 PSU low (bath temp?)." There appears to be a problem with the deep 
	salinity samples.  There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
113	O2 Missing, okay on Sample log, not on O2 data printout. No notes. 
	Titrator doesn't recall problem. Footnote oxygen lost.
110	PO4 all (08-10) 0.02 low. Footnote PO4 questionable.
109	Peaks good and definitely a little low. Footnote PO4 questionable.
108-110	Nutrient Analyst's note: "PO4 peaks good but definitely a little 
	low." Footnote po4 questionable.
102	Oxygen value appears 0.4 ml/l low. Value almost same as NB03, may be 
	double draw. Footnote oxygen bad.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.002 psu low, footnote 
	as questionable.

Station 301
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S 0.004 
	PSU low (bath temp?)." There appears to be a problem with the deep 
	salinity samples. There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
135-136	Oxygen Analyst's note: "Bubble". O2 value 0.15 ml/l higher than 
	stations 300 and 302. Footnote oxygen questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.004 psu low, footnote 
	as questionable.

Station 302
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
108	Delta-S at 3289db is -0.0021. Appears to agree with adjacent stations, but 
	difficult to accept this value, since there are problems on the other 
	stations. Footnote salinity questionable.
104	Delta-S at 4106db is -0.0046. Out of WOCE spec of measurement. Footnote 
	salinity questionable.

Station 303
Cast 1	There appears to be a problem with the deep salinity samples. There 
	is no obvious problem with the run, but the shipboard processor suspects a 
	problem with the autosal.  Lots of variation in adjacent stations. All 
	salinity values are flagged as questionable.
136	Sample log: "Closed above surface." Water samples were taken from this 
	bottle and appear acceptable.
126	Sample log: "O2 drawn after bottle 27." Some confusion in drawing. O2 data 
	from 26 & 27 look fine.
119	Delta-S at 1161db is 0.0064. Autosal diagnostics indicate 5 tries to get a 
	good reading, indicating a problem with the samples. Footnote salinity 
	bad.
114	Delta-S at 2173db is -0.0041. Autosal diagnostics indicate 3 tries to get 
	a good reading, indicating a problem with the samples. Footnote salinity 
	bad.
107	Delta-S at 3597db is 0.0194. Other water samples also off. O2 & SiO3 from 
	about same level, 2200-2800db, but NO3 & PO4 either from deeper or much 
	shallower. Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, footnote 
	as questionable unless otherwise noted as bad.

Station 304
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. There appears to be a problem with 
	the deep salinity samples.  There is no obvious problem with the run, but 
	the shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote as questionable.

Station 305
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S 0.002 
	PSU low (bath temp?)."  There appears to be a problem with the deep 
	salinity samples. There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
115	Delta-S at 2021db is 0.0359. Other water samples okay. Autosal run okay. 
	No notes. Same value as 17 two lev els above. Probably duplicate draw from 
	17 since both are bottles on the inner ring. Footnote Salinity bad.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.002 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems. Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 306
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	Oxygen value looks 0.15 ml/l higher than nearby stations. No analyst's 
	notes. Footnote oxygen questionable.
103	Delta-S at 4364db is -0.0023. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Higher than Station 305 and lower than Stations 307 and 308. Out 
	of WOCE spec of measurement. Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 307
135	Sample log: "Bottom end cap leaking. Reseated, okay." Samples appear to be 
	okay. Delta-S at 21db is -0.1069. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity acceptable.
114	Delta-S at 2014db is -0.0023. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Gradient area, salinity agrees with adjacent stations. Salinity 
	is acceptable. Oxygen value appears 0.03 ml/l high compared to adjacent 
	stations and CTD oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.
102	Delta-S at 4670db is -0.0027. Autosal run okay. Other water samples okay. 
	Lower than adjacent stations. Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 308
136	Delta-S at 3db is 0.285. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Salinity is higher than adjoining stations. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.
134	Salinity must not have been drawn. No comments made by salinity analyst 
	even though Sample Log indicates it should have been drawn. 35 and 36 
	salinity difference (with CTD) are large, but these could not have been a 
	sampling mixup.
124	Sample log: "Dripping from bottom end cap. Reseated okay. Thought it was 
	26." Samples OK on this bottle.
116	Delta-S at 1920db is 0.0137. All water samples appear to be from about 
	100m higher than intended. Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad. Exact 
	pressure that bottle tripped at cannot be determined.

Station 309
119	See 118-120 salinity comment. Suspect that analyst got confused with this 
	sample and there is no resolve on its disposition. Delta-S is 0.003 high. 
	Oxygen as well as other samples are acceptable.
	Footnote salinity questionable.
118-120	Salinity: "Questionable bottle order 18, 19, 20 in case in wrong 
	order, reran." Analyst appears to have gotten the order straightened out, 
	except for 19, it is questionable.
110	Bottle oxygen 0.10 ml/L higher than CTDO and adjacent stations at 3031db. 
	Other water samples okay. Note on oxygen data sheet "small bubble". 
	Apparent drawing problem.  Footnote O2 bad.
105	Sample log: "Air-vent not closed." Delta-S at 4043db is 0.0005. Other 
	water samples also okay.  Salinity is acceptable.

Station 310
119-121	See 109 Sample Log, O2 comments. O2 is acceptable.
118	See 109 Sample Log, O2 comments. Footnote O2 not drawn.
110-117	See 109 Sample Log, O2 comments. O2 is acceptable.
109	Sample Log: "Oxy drawing problem." Apparent drawing order mixup. Data 
	indicate: 1) No O2 drawn from 9 & 18. 2) Samples recorded for 110 thru 117 
	drawn one level higher than intended.  3) Samples recorded for 119 & 120 
	drawn two lev els higher than intended.  4) Sample recorded for 119 has 
	value 0.03 higher than reassigned 121 level but doesn't match any other 
	level any closer. 5) Sample recorded for 121 has value 0.04 lower than 
	reassigned 123 level and doesn't match any other level any closer. O2 data 
	are in assumed order. Footnote O2 not drawn.

Station 311
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 312
Cast 1	Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S 0.004 PSU low (bath temp?)." Standard 
	dial is 35 units lower than other 3 runs this Autosal(57-396). Drift 
	+0.00010. New operator told to run second worm if std dial this far off. 
	By assuming no drift and adding +0.00010 or —0.002 PSU to the salinity 
	values the salinity is lower than Station 311, but higher than Station 313 
	which is higher than the CTD.  This autosal was used 17 stations later and 
	had essentially the same standard dial reading. And, the later station 
	agrees with the CTD salinity profile. After applying a correction to 
	compensate for a suspected bad beginning SSW, we still see a Delta-S of 
	~-0.004 which is lower than the CTD. Will leave the data as originally 
	analyzed. All salinity values are flagged as questionable.
134-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit low to top of thermocline." Footnote 
	CTDO questionable."
111	Sample log: "Might have been open before O2." Bottle oxygen matches CTDO 
	and adjacent stations. Delta-S at 2705db is -0.0047.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.004 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems. Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 313
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Shipboard Processor: "Delta-S 0.003 
	PSU low (bath temp?)." There appears to be a problem with the deep 
	salinity samples. There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. Salinities are 
	lower than adjacent stations. All salinity values are flagged as 
	questionable.
105	Oxygen value appears 0.03 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.004 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 314
118	Sample log: "Water valve open." Bottle oxy matches CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. Other water samples also okay.
104	Sample log: "Water valve open." Bottle oxy matches CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. Other water samples also okay.
103	Sample log: "Water valve open." Bottle oxy matches CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. Other water samples also okay.
102	Sample log: "Water valve open." Bottle oxy matches CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. Other water samples also okay.
101	Sample log: "Water valve open." Bottle oxy matches CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. Other water samples also okay.

Station 315
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	Deck log: "Found lanyards mixed on 35 & 36 while cocking" before Station 
	316. Delta-S at 2db is -0.0219. All water sample values same for 135 & 
	136. CTD S & O2 essentially mixed these levels. Unable to tell if bottles 
	tripped correctly or both at same level.  Footnote did not trip correctly.
135	Deck log: "Found lanyards mixed on 35 & 36 while cocking" before Station 
	316. Delta-S at 32db is 0.0046. All water sample values same for 135 & 
	136. CTD S & O2 essentially mixed these levels. Unable to tell if bottles 
	tripped correctly or both at same level.  Footnote did not trip correctly.
111	Delta-S at 2733db is -0.0023. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity agrees with Station 317, but 317 salinities judged 
	questionable. Footnote salinity questionable.
108	Delta-S at 3343db is -0.0028. Salinity agrees with Station 316, but 
	salinity at this level were judged questionable. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.
103	Delta-S at 4365db is -0.0034. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Lower than Stations 314 and 316. Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 316
Cast 1	Sample Log: "Bottles fired starting at 18 (deepest)-36, 1-17 
	(shallowest) for freon blank test." There appears to be a problem with the 
	deep salinity samples. There is no obvious problem with the run, but the 
	shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal.  All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.0025 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.
123	Oxygen value appears 0.03 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 317
Cast 1	There appears to be a problem with the deep salinity samples. There 
	is no obvious problem with the run, but the shipboard processor suspects a 
	problem with the autosal.  All salinity values are flagged as 
	questionable.
134	Sample Log: "Some air in 1st shot MnCl2. Tilted bottle for rest of 
	samples." Bottle O2 looks okay compared to CTDO. Is in high gradient 
	level.
132	Sample Log: "Lower valve open" Delta-S at 126db is -0.0093. This is in a 
	high gradient area.  Bottle O2 looks okay compared to CTDO. Nutrients also 
	okay. Data are acceptable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 318
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. There appears to be a problem with 
	the deep salinity samples.  There is no obvious problem with the run, but 
	the shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 319
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. There appears to be a problem with 
	the deep salinity samples.  There is no obvious problem with the run, but 
	the shipboard processor suspects a problem with
	the autosal. All salinity values are flagged as questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.002 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 320
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. There appears to be a problem with 
	the deep salinity samples.  There is no obvious problem with the run, but 
	the shipboard processor suspects a problem with the autosal. All salinity 
	values are flagged as questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems.  Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 321
136	Oxygen Analyst's Note: "small bubble." O2 value appears 0.15 ml/l high 
	compared to adjacent stations and CTD o2 value. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.
135	Oxygen Analyst's Note: "small bubble." O2 value appears 0.2 ml/l high 
	compared to adjacent stations and CTD o2 value. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.
116	Oxygen value appears 0.02 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.
109	Sample log: "Air vent open." Delta-S at 3546db -0.0006. Other water 
	samples also look okay. SiO3 max. Data are acceptable.

Station 322
Cast 1	There appears to be a problem with the deep salinity samples. There 
	is no obvious problem with the run, but the shipboard processor suspects a 
	problem with the autosal.  All salinity values are flagged as 
	questionable.
126	Salinity: "No water in bottle." No comment regarding a problem on Sample 
	Log. Other salinity samples agree with CTD. This appears to be a sampling 
	error. Footnote salinity not drawn.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.003 psu low, probably 
	due to autosal problems. Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 323
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
106	Delta-S at 4007db is 0.0075. Four Autosal runs to get agreement. Second 
	accepted run higher than first. Other water samples okay. No notes. 
	Possible salt crystal contamination when cap removed. Footnote Salinity 
	bad.
102	Oxygen value appears 0.02 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 324
Cast 1	Sample Log: "15 Sub stands drawn from 5 for Autosal check."
136	Oxygen value appears 0.20 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.
120	Delta-S at 1112db is 0.0064. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity is lower than adjoining stations. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.
112	Salinity is —0.0015 high compared with CTD for the station. Three Autosal 
	runs for agreement.  Second run higher than first, possible contamination 
	when cap opened. Value is 0.0005 lower than level above so also possible 
	duplicate draw from 13. Other water samples okay. Delta-S at 2629db is 
	0.0015. This is within WOCE specs, salinity is acceptable.
107	Delta-S at 3798db is -0.0022. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem.  Salinity is lower than adjoining stations. Footnote salinity 
questionable.

Station 325
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 326
Cast 1	There appears to be a problem with the deep salinity samples. There 
	is no obvious problem with the run, but the shipboard processor suspects a 
	problem with the autosal. All salinity values are flagged as questionable.
136	Sample Log: "No water for salt and Barium." Footnote Salinity not drawn.
119-124	Footnote CTD oxy questionable. See 118 comment.
118	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy signal unusually noisy." Footnote CTD oxy 
	questionable.
112	Sample Log: "Water leaking when Barium was sampled." Delta-S at 2679db is 
	0.0002. Other water samples also okay.
102	Oxygen value appears 0.025 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.
101-136	All bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.002 psu low, probably 	due to autosal problems. Footnote all bottle salinities questionable 
	unless otherwise noted.

Station 327
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
124-125	Footnote CTD oxy questionable. See 120 comment.
120	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy signal unusually noisy." Footnote CTD oxy 
	questionable.
102	Delta-S at 5186db is -0.0021. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity is lower than adjacent stations. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.

Station 328
134-136	CTD OXY processor: "CTDoxy sensor not stabilized before cast in 
	water."  Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
118	Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Delta-S at 1615db is 0.0015. Other water samples also okay.
107	NO3 0.2 low at 3948db. Other nutrients, oxy & salt okay. Good peak but 
	definitely low. Brown tube also 0.2 low on Station 331. NO3 definitely low 
	this level starting Station 332. NO3 this level this station could be 
	real. See Station 331 comment. Footnote Nitrate questionable.
104	Oxygen value appears 0.02 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations when 
	compared to potential temp. Also off compared to CTD oxy values. Footnote 
	oxygen questionable.
102 Oxygen value appears 0.02 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations when 
	compared to potential temp. Also off compared to CTD oxy values. Footnote 
	oxygen questionable.

Station 329
131	Salinity data sheet: "Salt bottle 31 broken while running salts." No 
	bottle salinity. Footnote Salinity lost.
123	Sample Log: "Bottom endcap leaks after air vent open." Reseated, okay. 
	Salinity agrees with CTD. Other water samples also okay.
101-107	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 330
Cast	1 No comments on the Sample Log.
101-123	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 331
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
107	NO3 0.1 low at 3828db. Brown tube also low as on Station 328. However, 
	subsequent stations show definite NO3 lowering this level, so NO3 this 
	level this station could be real. Hint of lowering this level on Stations 
	329 & 330 so 328 value could also be good. Footnote Nitrate questionable.
106-107	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 332
135-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit low near surface: low raw oxy signal. 
	Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
134	Salt data sheet: "34 bottle slipped out & broke, no sample." Footnote 
	Salinity lost.
128	Sample Log: "Dripping from spout after sample drawn." Replaced water valve 
	o-ring after sampling. Delta-S at 286db is 0.001. Other data look 
	reasonable in area of high gradients and inversions. Bottle O2 & S match 	CTDO & CTD S.
108-114	CTDO Processor: "CTDoxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l; suspect sensor 
	problem.
101-107	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 333
135-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit low near surface: low raw oxy signal. 
	Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
128	Sample Log: "Still drips from spigot after sampling." Changed middle o-
	ring on spigot. Delta-S at 328db is 0.0128. High gradients and inversions 
	in all properties this level, but bottle oxygen and salts follow CTD trace 
	so data look okay.
101-105	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l." Footnote CTD 
	oxy questionable.

Station 334
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
126	PO4 0.7 high. NO3 10 high. SiO3 30 high. All nutrients same value as 25 
	below. Other water samples okay. Assume duplicate draw from 25. Footnote 
	nutrients bad.
107-109	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l. Suspect 
	sensor problem." Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
102-105	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 335
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
107-109	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l. Suspect 
	sensor problem." Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
102-105	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 336
122	Sample Log: "Water leak - air vent" Is this air leak? -Yes per JW. Delta-S 
	is 0.0002 at 988db. Other water samples also look okay.
118	Delta-S at 1618db is 0.0091. All water samples indicate 18 closed about 
	4000db. Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad. Exact pressure that bottle 
	tripped at cannot be determined.
105-112	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l. Suspect 
	sensor problem." Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
101-104	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 337
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
115	Nutrient sample inadvertently not run. Footnote nutrients lost.
101-111	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottles > 0.02 ml/l. Suspect 
	sensor problem." Footnote CTD oxy questionable.

Station 338
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 339
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
114	Delta-S at 2327db is 0.0021. Autosal diagnostics indicate 5 tries to get a 
	good reading, indicating a problem with the samples. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.

Station 340
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
101-123	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 341
133	Delta-S at 127db is 0.0773. All bottle values wildly off from adjacent 
	stations. No reason readily apparent. Footnote bottle leaking samples bad.
130	All bottle values wildly off from adjacent stations. No reason readily 
	apparent. Footnote bottle leaking samples bad.
121	Sample Log: "Air leak, vent not tight." Delta-S is 0.0007 at 990db. Other 
	water samples also okay.
106-107	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy signal unusually noisy." Footnote CTD oxy 
	questionable.
103-104	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy signal unusually noisy." Footnote CTD oxy 
	questionable.

Station 342
112	Sample Log: "Leaking at bottom end cap after air vent open." Reseated, 
	okay. Delta-S at 2431db is 0.0027. Other water samples also okay. Lower 
	than Station 340, higher than 343 and 344, agrees with 341. Footnote 
	salinity questionable.
107	Delta-S at 3703db is 0.0022. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. High compared with adjacent stations, except agrees with 341. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 343
135	Sample Log: "Air leak." Delta-S at 45db is 0.0275. High gradient area. 
	Other water samples also look okay.
124-125	Sample Log: "Tripped at same depth."

Station 344
110-111	Oxygen: "Out of order." Analyst resolved any problem this may have 
	caused. Used flask and bottle number as recorded on sample log. Oxygen is 
	acceptable.

Station 345
136	Oxygen Analyst's note: "big bubba". Oxygen value appears 0.30 ml/l off 
	compared to adjacent stations and CTD oxy values. Footnote oxygen bad.
126	Sample Log: "Flask 635 (26) broke during 2nd shake. No oxygen sample 26." 
	Footnote O2 lost.
122	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent opened. Reseated, 
	okay." Delta-S at 888db is 0.0037. Other water samples also look okay.
105-106	Sample Log: "Nuts: water emptied." Not sure what the comment on the 
	sample log refers to, all samples were collected.
101	Oxygen value appears 0.02 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 346
113	Delta-S at 2529db is 0.0022. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem.  Salinity agrees with Station 345 both are lower than Station 344 
	and higher than 347. Footnote salinity questionable.
103	Sample Log: "Leaks on bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Delta-S is 0.0013 at 4569db. Other water samples also okay.

Station 347
113	Sample Log: "Water leak - air vent." Assume air leak. Delta-S is 0.0002 at 
	2349db. Other water samples also okay.

Station 348
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 349
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
105-106	CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw CTDO, 
	backup ctdoxy sensor used, data okay unless otherwise indicated. Code CTDO 
	despiked."

Station 350
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
116	Delta-S at 1717db is -0.0054. Down CTD T not same as up T. Other water 
	samples okay.  Salinity: "Bottle less than half full." Footnote salinity 
	bad.
113	Delta-S at 2223db is 0.0021. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity is higher than adjacent stations. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.
111	Delta-S at 2631db is 0.0021. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem.  Salinity agrees with adjacent stations. Stations 349 and 351 did 
	not sample at this level, but Station 352 does have sampling at this 
	level. Footnote salinity questionable.
110	Trip problem starting 9 level. Two sets of CTD trip data at 3036db, but 
	data indicate only one bottle tripped this level. Corrected trip 
	information file. Autosal runs okay.  Other water samples okay. Delta-S at 
	2833db is 0.0021. Salinity agrees with Station 352, both are slightly 
	higher than 351 and ~0.002 higher than 348. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.
101	Delta-S at 4716db is 0.0037. 3 Autosal runs to get agreement, otherwise 
	Autosal run okay, no notes. Other water samples okay. Salinity also higher 	than adjacent stations.  Footnote salinity bad.

Station 351
111	Sample Log: "1182 was 1/2 empty. Small crack at bottom of o2 flask. 
	Replaced by spare flask 641." Footnote O2 lost.
110	O2 appears 0.08 high at 2935db. Calc okay. Low detector voltage but not 
	enough to cause this difference. Other water samples okay. Footnote O2 
	questionable.

Station 352
126	Sample Log: "Water leak." Delta-S at 438db is -0.009 in high gradient. 
	Other water samples also okay.

Station 353
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit high near surface: high raw oxy signal. 
	Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
109	Delta-S at 2935db is 0.0026. Five Autosal runs to get agreement. 2nd 
	accepted run 0.00004 2CR higher than 1st. Assume salt crystal from cap 
	contaminated sample. Other water samples okay. Operator said salt bottle 
	was chipped. Footnote Salinity bad.

Station 354
Cast 1	Deep salinities 0.002 high. Autosal drift +0.00009 2CR. Standard 
	dial reading high. Apparently first Wormley reading a little off. 
	Corrected data by subtracting 0.00009 for the data values and
	assuming no drift. Salinity are acceptable after data corrected.
134	Sample Log: "Air vent loose." Delta-S at 52db is -0.0122 in high gradient 
	area. Other water samples also okay.
117	Oxygen value appears 0.2 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations. No 
	apparent reason. Footnote O2 bad.

Station 355
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
104	O2 0.13 high at 3954db. Calc okay, no notes. CTDO down & up traces both 
	smooth. Salinity is acceptable and agrees with CTD and Nutrients look 
	good. Footnote O2 bad.

Station 356
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 357
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. There appears to be a problem with 
	the deep salinity samples. Salinity: "At end needed 3 tries to run 
	wormley. Standard dial reading is strange on printout, on machine it read 
	6338." Even though salinity operator made this comment, ending standard 
	was finally okay and indicated a drift of 0.00004 which if the beginning 
	standard were incorrect would make a difference of < 0.001 in salinity. 
	All salinity values are flagged as questionable.
102-136	Except for NB01, all bottle salinity values are judged to be 0.002 
	psu low, probably due to autosal problems. A jump in the Autosal standby 
	number is first noted on NB02. NB01 salinity OK, Footnote all other bottle 
	salinities questionable unless otherwise noted.

Station 358
109	Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Delta-S at 2705db is 0.0023. Other water samples okay. Out of WOCE specs, 
	footnote salinity questionable.
107	Delta-S at 3113db is 0.0028. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Out of WOCE specs, footnote salinity questionable.

Station 359
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 360
125	Sample Log: "Exceptionally cold - major discovery of I8N." Delta-S at 
	709db is 0.068. All water samples indicate 25 closed at about 4000db. 
	Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.  Exact pressure that bottle 
	tripped at cannot be determined.
120	Salinity must not have been drawn. No comments made by salinity analyst 
	even though Sample Log indicates it should have been drawn.

Station 361
132	Sample Log: "Leaking in bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay."  Delta-S at 137db is -0.003. Other water samples also okay.
109	Oxygen value appears 0.05 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
101	CTDO Processor: "CTD oxy off from bottle > 0.02 ml/l. Spike in signal." 
	Footnote CTD oxy questionable.

Station 362
118	Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Nutrient also look okay. 
	Oxygen appears 0.05 high, same value as 17. CTDO shows slight feature here 
	but possible duplicate oxy draw from 17. Footnote O2 questionable.
105	Delta-S at 3853db is 0.0049. Same value as 27. Possible duplicate draw. 
	Other water samples okay. Footnote salinity bad.
101	O2 appears 0.06 high at 4740db. Titration okay. No change at bottom in 
	other parameters. No notes. Footnote O2 questionable.

Station 363
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
135	Sample drawn okay per Sample log but not analyzed. Oxygen analyst not sure 
	what happened. Footnote O2 lost.
116	Salinity: "Loose thimble." Delta-S at 1716db is 0.0024. This is high. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 364
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
123	Salinity: "Loose thimble." Salinity is —0.003 high. This is usable so do 
	not code.
106	Oxygen value appears 0.10 ml/l off compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 365
128	Delta-S at 357db is -0.1059. CTD has normal salinity gradient. Other water 
	samples okay. Autosal run okay. Same value as 27 at level below. Assume 
	duplicate draw. Footnote Salinity bad.
126	Sample Log: "Air leak - minor." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 366
109	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent open." Delta-S at 
	1009db is 0.0018. Other water samples also okay.

Station 367
109	Sample Log: "Leaked in bottom end cap after air vent open." Delta-S at 
	658db is 0.0034. Other water samples also look okay.

Station 368
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 369
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 370
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 371
118	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.

Station 372
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
102	Oxygen value appears 0.04 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 373
115	Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom end cap after air vent open." Salinity 
	agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 374
120	Salinity: "Bad cap." Salinity does appears slightly high compared with 
	CTD, but agrees with adjacent stations. Salinity is acceptable.
112	Sample Log: "Air Leak. Air vent closed." Salinity agrees with CTD and 
	station profile. Other water samples also okay.
109	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Delta-S at 
	960db is 0.0032. This is a little high, but acceptable for shallower water 
	salinity. Other water samples also look okay.
108	Sample Log: "Air Leak. Air vent closed." Delta-S at 1061db is 0.0026. This 
	is a little high, but acceptable for shallower water salinity. Other water 
	samples also look reasonable.
102	Salinity: "Bad cap." Salinity is acceptable.

Station 375
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 376
Cast 1	Sample Log: "CO2 tried to sample more than they wanted - gav e up."

Station 377
115	Sample Log: "Water leak." Where the leak occurred on the bottle was not 
	recorded. Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water 
	samples also okay.
110-117	Sample Log: "Had air bubble appear in NaOH dispenser. I think most 
	were okay." All bottle oxygens look good compared CTDO and adjacent 
	stations. O2 is acceptable.

Station 378
126	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity is acceptable. Other water samples also 
	look okay.
125	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also look okay.
116	Delta-S at 1616db is 0.0217. Autosal run okay. T,S &O2 inv ersions this 
	area, but down & up CTD S traces show nothing this large. No notes. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.
106	O2 appears 0.1 high at 3038db. CTDO has smooth gradient down & up. No 
	notes. Other water samples okay. Footnote O2 bad.

Station 379
127	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap, reseated, okay." Salinity: 
	"Loose cap." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water 
	samples also okay.
126	Sample Log: "Air leak w/ vent closed. Reseated top end cap, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	okay.
125	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap." Salinity agrees with CTD and 
	station profile.  Other water samples also okay.
109	Sample Log: "Leaking from end cap (bottom)." Salinity agrees with CTD and 
	station profile.  Other water samples also look okay.
104	Sample Log: "Dripping from end cap after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	look okay.
101	Oxygen value appears 0.03 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 380
131	Delta-S at 126db is -0.0331. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem.  Variation in the CTD at the bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
115	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap. Grooved bottom." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 381
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 382
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 383
135-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit high near surface: high raw oxy signal. 
	Code CTDO despiked."
112	Sample Log: "Water leak." Delta-S at 1870db is 0.0046. Four Autosal runs 
	to get agreement, accepted values differ by 0.00004 2CR. Other water 
	samples look okay. Salinity: "Erratic, caps okay, bottle neck okay." 
	Footnote salinity bad.

Station 384
Cast 1	Sample Log: "Batch sample taken." Not certain what the note on the 
	sample log refers to.
115	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent open." Delta-S is 
	0.0007 at 1615db. Other water samples also look okay.

Station 385
128	Sample Log: "Bottom leaks when air vent open. Still drips." Salinity 
	agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also look okay.

Station 386
130	Delta-S at 216db is 0.0452. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Gradient area, lots of variation in the CTD profile while stopped at this 
	level to trip the bottle. Salinity is acceptable.
122	Sample Log: "Air leak - Air vent not closed." Delta-S at 880db is 0.0058. 
	Variation between the CTD down and up trace, as well as at the time of the 
	bottle trip. Other water samples look okay.
104	O2 appears 0.04 high at 3803db. Titration okay, no notes. CTDO up & down 
	traces smooth this area. Footnote O2 questionable.

Station 387
Cast 1	Sample Log: "24 bottles used for this cast."
109	Titration error. Sample lost. Footnote O2 lost.
105	Delta-S at 1465db is -0.0861. Appears to be duplicate draw of 106. 
	Footnote salinity bad.

Station 388
117	Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	okay.

Station 389
Cast 1	Autosal Standard dial low, drift +0.002 PSU, indicating problem with 
	initial standard. Initial standard not confirmed with 2nd vial. Corrected 
	data by adding 0.00011 for the data values and assuming no drift. Salinity 
	is a little high (0.001) after correction, but acceptable.
136	Sample log indicates drawn okay, but not run. Salt bottle broken. Footnote 
	Salinity lost.
126	Sample Log: "Air leak." Reseated top end cap, okay. Salinity agrees with 
	CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
125	Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom end cap. Reseated okay." Delta-S at 
	657db is 0.005. Salinity is acceptable. Other water samples also okay.
115	Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom end cap." Delta-S at 1972db is 0.0014. 
	Other water samples also okay.
113	NO3 appears 0.3 low at 2276db. Peak good but definitely low. PO4 & other 
	water samples okay. Footnote Nitrate questionable.
101	NO3 appears 0.3 low at 4227db. Peak good but definitely low. PO4 0.01 low, 
	other water samples same as level above. Footnote Nitrate questionable.

Station 390
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
134	Delta-S at 56db is 0.0403. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD trace at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
125	Delta-S at 509db is 0.0105. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD trace at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.

Station 391
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 392
117	O2 appears 0.1 ml/L high at 808db. Titration okay. No notes. Other water 
	samples okay. Smooth down & up CTDO trace. Corrected oxygen flask number 
	from 1117 to 1177. Data now agrees with CTDO, lower than adjoining 
	stations, but probably okay.
115	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.

Station 393
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 394
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 395
117	Delta-S at 49db is 0.0345. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD trace, indicating changing water mass. Salinity is 
	acceptable.
115	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."(after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay) Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples 
	also okay.
110	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."(after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay) Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples 
	also okay.
104	Delta-S at 919db is 0.0135. Autosal run okay. Smooth CTD down trace but 
	spike at this level in S & T on up trace. Assume CTD salinity is the 
	problem. Footnote CTD Salinity questionable. No CTDO is calculated because 
	the CTD Salinity is coded questionable.
103	Sample Log: "Leaking badly from bottom end cap." (after air vent open/dm) 
	"Reseated, okay." Delta-S at 1009db is 0.0015. Other water samples also 
	look okay.

Station 396
119	Sample Log: "Open air vent." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Oxygen and nutrients all have mixed layer values while Temp and CTD S show 
	start of thermocline. Since bottles are higher than CTD they could be 
	okay. CTD up trace has spikes this level, water samples do appear to be in 
	mixed layer.

Station 397
124-126	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit low near surface: low raw oxy signal. 
	Code CTDO despiked."
115	Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 398
109	Sample Log: "Air vent open." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.
107	Sample Log: "Air vent open." Salinity is a little high, 0.001, but 
	acceptable. Other water samples also okay.

Station 399
135-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit high near surface: high raw oxy signal. 
	Code CTDO despiked."
134	Delta-S at 50db is -0.0504. Gradient and "spike" in CTD trace. Footnote 
	CTD salinity questionable. No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity 
	is coded questionable.
115	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent open." Delta-S at 
	1564db is 0.0034. Small T & S features this level. Other water samples 
	look okay. There is a gradient, salinity agrees with adjacent stations.

Station 400
133	Sample Log: "Bottle emptied after Rolf(CO2) left hose running. No salt or 
	Barium taken." Footnote Salinity not drawn.
132	PO4 appears 0.1 high at 137db. Peak good but definitely high. NO3 and 
	other water samples okay. Footnote Phosphate questionable.
126	Sample Log: "Leaking from spigot - stopped with top cap reseated." Delta-S 
	at 508db is 0.0049. Other water samples also okay.
122	Sample Log: "Leaking on bottom after air vent open." Delta-S at 911db is 
	-0.0003. Other water samples also okay.
115	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap (after air vent opened/dm) 
	reseated, leak stopped." Delta-S at 1756db is 0.0008. Other water samples 
	also okay.
113	Sample Log: "Top vent open." Delta-S at 2063db is 0.001. Other water 
	samples also okay.
110	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap (after air vent opened) reseated, 
	leak stopped." Delta-S at 2520db is 0.001. Other water samples also look 
	okay.
102	Sample Log: "Leaker from spigot. Air leak. Reseated top cap." Delta-S at 
	4042db is -0.0002. O2 as well as other water samples also okay.

Station 401
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 402
126	Sample Log: "Air leak, no freon sample drawn." Salinity agrees with CTD 
	and station profile.  Other water samples also okay.
125-131	CTD OXY processor: "CTD oxy low compared to bottles, especially 150 
	- 550db. CTD oxy matches 4 nearest casts, no obvious problem with bottle 
	oxygens. Footnote CTD oxy and bottle oxy OK.

Station 403
126	Sample Log: "Air leak. Reseated top cap, okay." Salinity agrees with CTD 
	and station profile.  Other water samples also okay.
125	Sample Log: "Pin hole leak from bottom end cap after air vent open. 
	Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water 
	samples also okay. 123 Sample Log: "Big leak bottom end cap, reseated 
	fine." Delta-S at 779db is 0.0489. Autosal run okay. Smooth down & up CTD 
	S trace. Other water samples okay, oxygen agrees well with CTDO and 
	Nutrients have normal gradient. Footnote Salinity bad.
103	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay." Delta-S at 4056db is 0.0003. Other water samples also okay.

Station 404
125	Sample Log: "Empty, bottom end cap hung up on pinger." Tripped in air 
	during recovery.  Footnote samples not drawn.

Station 405
136	Sample Log: "No water - tripped above the water surface." Footnote samples 
	not drawn. half-out-of-water. Footnote CTD Salinity bad. No CTDO is 
	calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.
102	Delta-S at 4156db is 0.0009. Autosal run okay. Same value as 2 & 3 at 
	levels above. (2CR 0.00000 diff 1 & 0.00001 diff 3) Adjacent stations and 
	CTD S show slight decrease in salinity at bottom. Salinity is acceptable. 
	O2 appears 0.01 high. No apparent relation to salinity problem.  Titration 
	okay. O2 is acceptable.

Station 406
133	Sample Log: "No water in tube 33 for nutrient. Took nutrient samples from 
	salt bottle 33. 950406/1700Z." Delta-S is -0.0014 at 98db. Salinity is 
	acceptable. Nutrients are acceptable.
127	No oxygen sample from 27. Footnote O2 not drawn.
121-126	Sample Log: "O2: 121-127 are really 120-126 (off by one bottle)." 
	Corrected during shipboard analysis. O2 is acceptable.
106	Delta-S at 3548db is 0.0121. Autosal run okay. Same value as 8, possible 
	duplicate draw. Other water samples okay. Footnote Salinity bad.

Station 407
136	Sample Log: "Air leak. Top cap reseated, okay." Surface sample.
135	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples 
	also okay, in mixed-layer.
129	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." (after air vent 
	opened). Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples 
	also okay.
126	Sample Log: "Air leak. Top cap reseated, okay." Salinity agrees with CTD 
	and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
117	Sample Log: "Nuts: off one at 17 so went back to 12 to redraw."
101-111	PO4 rerun values 0.01 to 0.02 low. Footnote PO4 lost. Used NO3 
	reruns per nutrient analyst on all but 112. Nitrate is acceptable. Nitrite 
	is acceptable. All silicates 2 to 3 UM/L high. Bubble in flow cell during 
	rerun? Footnote Silicate lost.

Station 408
Cast 1	Sample log: "What bottle did retrieval hook catch?" No problems 
	apparent.
101	CTD oxy processor: "Small rise in ctdoxy near bottom." Footnote CTD oxy 
	questionable.

Station 409
126	Sample Log: "Air-vent leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples okay.
123	Delta-S at 814db is 0.1185. Smooth CTD S gradient. Autosal run okay. Same 
	value as 24.  Probable duplicate draw or run. Other water samples okay. 
	Footnote Salinity bad.
109	Delta-S at 2885db is -0.0065. Smooth CTD S gradient. Autosal run okay. 
	Same value as 8.  Probable duplicate draw or run. Other water samples 
	okay. Footnote Salinity bad.

Station 410
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log. Standard dial was set low due to bad 
	first standard. All conductivities ratios were offset by 0.00013. 
	Salinities are acceptable after correction.

Station 411
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
132	Delta-S at 148db is 0.1559. All water samples same as 33 values indicating 
	32 closed at 88db. CTD trip data looks good. Probably lanyard hangup. 
	Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.

Station 412
129	Sample Log: "Lower end cap leaking." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also look okay.
124	Sample Log: "Lower end cap hung up on pinger, no samples." Footnote 
	samples not drawn.
118	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also look okay.
101	Delta-S at 4737 db is 0.0018. Autosal run okay. Oxygen low but nutrients 
	look okay. No notes. Smooth CTD S trace down & up. Salinity is acceptable. 
	O2 appears 0.04 low at 4738db. Titration okay. Salinity high but nutrients 
	look okay. No notes. Some indication of oxygen drop at bottom of CTDO 
	trace but also looks like slowing to stop. Footnote O2 questionable.

Station 413
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	Oxygen value appears 0.10 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
108	O2 appears 0.08 high. Titration okay. No notes. Other water samples okay. 
	Normal CTDO gradient. Footnote 02 questionable.
105	NO3 appears 0.2 low. Peak good but definitely low. Slight glitch in PO4 
	peak but PO4 value looks okay. SiO3 okay. Air bubble in NO2 between 106 & 
	105. Footnote Nitrate questionable.

Station 414
131	Draw temp recorded on Sample log as 4.0 at 156db. Data look okay. Assume 
	draw temp was 14.0 not 4.0. O2 is acceptable.
129	Sample Log: "Leak from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay."
115	PO4 appears 0.04 high at 1707db. Other nutrients okay. Peak good but 
	definitely high. No notes. Footnote Phosphate questionable.
112	Sample Log: "Air leak. Reseated top cap, okay." Salinity agrees with CTD 
	and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
111-114	Footnote CTD oxy questionable. See 110 comment.
110	Sample Log: "Leak from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay. CTD oxy 
	processor: "CTD oxy low relative to bottle data, but OK compared to nearby 
	CTD oxy data. Code questionable where > 0.02 ml/l off from bottles. Data 
	may be OK.

Station 415
126	Sample Log: "Air leak. Top end cap. Reseated, okay." Delta-S at 69db is 
	-0.0261. High gradient area (start of thermocline). Other water samples 
	also okay.
125	Sample Log: "Drip from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
122	Sample Log: "Drip from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
105	Sample Log: "Leak from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 416
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
122	Delta-S at 79db is -0.0309. Variation in CTD trace at stop for bottle 
	trip. Salinity is acceptable.
118	Salinity: "First average very noisy. Difficult box to run, no station 
	card. Ran end wormley as 26." Salinity value OK.
116	Salinity: "First average very noisy. Difficult box to run, no station 
	card. Ran end wormley as 26." Salinity value OK.
113	Salinity: "First average very noisy. Difficult box to run, no station 
	card. Ran end wormley as 26." Salinity value OK.

Station 417
118	Sample Log: "Air leak." Delta-S at 205db is 0.0116. High gradient area. 
	Other water samples also okay.

Station 418
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
119	Oxygen and nutrients indicate bottle closed deeper than intended. Delta-S 
	at 558db is -0.0855. Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.

Station 419
135	Delta-S at 42db is -0.0799. Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. 
	Salinity is acceptable. 133 NO3 appears 3.0 high. PO4 appears 0.2 high. 
	SiO3 appears 0.1 high. NO2 appears 0.1 high. All nutrients same value as 
	32. Probable duplicate draw. Footnote nutrients bad. Corrected oxygen 
	flask number from 1193 to 1196. O2 is acceptable.
132	Delta-S at 158db is 0.1421. Same value as 33 salinity. Other water samples 
	look okay. Footnote Salinity bad.
124-128	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.
112	Sample Log: "Air leak (minor)." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.
106	Delta-S at 4161db is 0.0024. Five Autosal runs to get agreement. Same 
	value as 7 salinity. Either contaminated run or duplicate draw. Other 
	water samples okay. Footnote Salinity bad.
103	Delta-S at 4776db is -0.0024. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity lower than adjacent stations. Out of WOCE specs. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 420
108-136	No trips after NB7 at 4000m. Problem traced to short in sea cable. 
	CTD data and NB1-NB7 okay. Switched to other winch and repeated complete 
	cast as Cast 2. Footnote samples not drawn. CTD oxy processor: "Used cast 
	2 bottles to fit CTD oxy above 4050db.
234	Sample Log: "Air leak." Delta-S at 67db is -0.0854. High gradient area. 
	Autosal run okay. Other water samples okay (oxygen max.)
209	O2 appears 0.06 high at 3649db. Titration has low end voltage (0.971) but 
	otherwise okay. Unable to improve with o2chk. Other water samples look 
	okay. Possible duplicate draw from 8. Footnote O2 questionable.

Station 421
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
134	Delta-S at 58db is 0.0376. Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. 
	Salinity is acceptable.

Station 422
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.

Station 423
135-136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit high near surface, then jagged to top of 
	thermocline. Footnote CTD oxy questionable.
129	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap(after air vent open)." Salinity 
	agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
108	Oxygen value appears 0.05 ml/l low compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Oxygen value within 0.004 ml/l of NB09, could be double draw. 
	Footnote oxygen questionable.
101	Unlikely 0.001 PSU CTD diff. Three Autosal runs for agreement. Accepted 
	readings exactly the same. Other water samples look okay. Salinity is 
	acceptable.

Station 424
127	Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity 
	agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also look okay.

Station 425
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
133	Delta-S at 88db is -0.0617. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
109	Delta-S at 3342db is 0.0031. Four Autosal runs to get agreement. Other 
	water samples okay. Possible salt crystal contamination from cap. Footnote 
	Salinity questionable.

Station 426
122	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.
104	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.

Station 427
135	Delta-S at 33db is -0.041. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
134	Delta-S at 63db is 0.0498. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
127	Sample Log: "Leak from bottom end cap. Reseated, okay." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 428
132	Delta-S at 159db is 0.028. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
118	Sample Log: "Leak from bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, 
	okay." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile Other water samples 
	also okay.
104	Delta-S at 4569 is 0.0013. Autosal run okay. Other water samples look 
	okay. Salinity is acceptable.

Station 429
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
136	CTDO Processor: "CTDOXY fit low near surface: low raw oxy signal. CTD oxy 
	off from bottle values in top 180db but matches nearby casts below 16db." 
	Footnote CTD oxy questionable 0 -16db.
134	Delta-S at 83db is -0.029. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is higher than adjacent 
	stations, both bottle and CTD. Salinity profile looks reasonable. Salinity 
	is acceptable.
110	Delta-S at 3144db is -0.0025. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem.  Salinity low compared with adjacent stations. Out of WOCE specs. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.
109	Delta-S at 3347db is -0.0022. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity slightly low compared with adjacent stations. Out of 
	WOCE specs. Footnote salinity questionable.

Station 430
136	Oxygen analyst note: "bubble 3/8". Oxygen value appears 0.05 ml/l off 
	compared to adjacent stations and CTD oxy values. Footnote oxygen 
	questionable.
134	Delta-S at 69db is 0.0507. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable.
122	Sample Log: "Air leak upper end cap." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.
121	Sample Log: "No water after Alk." Double draws on helium and tritium with 
	CO2s and freon.  Footnote nutrient and salinity samples not drawn.
107	Sample Log: "Air leak upper end cap - lanyard from 6." Oxygen looks okay, 
	but nutrients low.  Delta-S at 3753db is 0.1238. CO2s drawn between oxygen 
	and nutrient so water leaked on top not mixed down to bottom when oxygen 
	drawn. Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.
101	Oxygen value appears 0.04 ml/l high compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values.  Footnote oxygen questionable.

Station 431
117	Sample Log: "Leak bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	look okay.
115	Sample Log: "Leak bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	look okay.

Station 432
128	Nutrients and oxygen indicate bottle closed early. Delta-S at 358db is 
	-0.1006. Footnote bottle leaking, and samples bad.
115	Sample Log: "Leak bottom end cap after air vent open." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.
108	O2 appears 0.03 high. Slight bump in Down & Up CTDO here but not this 
	much. Silicate also has slight bump. PO4 & NO3 same as adjacent levels. 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Footnote O2 questionable.

Station 433
136	Sample Log: "Was tripped half in air." Salt & nutrients only. Footnote O2 
	not drawn.
127	O2 appears 0.27 low. Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile and 
	nutrients also look okay. Titration okay, no notes. Smooth CTDO gradient 
	down & up. Footnote O2 bad.
126	Sample Log: "Air leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.
123	Sample Log: "Bottom leak." Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. 
	Other water samples also okay.
103	Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom." Salinity agrees with CTD and station 
	profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 434
Cast 1	No comments on the Sample Log.
110	Delta-S at 3093db is -0.0026. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity agrees with Station 436. Station 436 is lower than 
	adjacent stations. Not sure what this means. Autosal diagnostics do not 
	indicate a problem with Station 436. Footnote salinity questionable.
102	Delta-S at 4727db is -0.0023. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a 
	problem. Salinity agrees with previous station. Footnote salinity 
	questionable.

Station 435
135	Oxygen value appears 0.03 ml/l off compared to adjacent stations and CTD 
	oxy values. Footnote oxygen questionable.
134	Sample Log: "Air leak, Reseated top cap, okay." Salinity slightly high 
	compared with CTD and station profile. However, within specs of the 
	measurement. Autosal run okay. Fairly high gradient, most salts this area 
	0.001 to 0.0015 high. Other water samples okay.
132	Salinity must not have been drawn. No comments made by salinity analyst. 
	Sample Log was not properly filled in with salinity bottle numbers, so 
	that was no help with the problem.

Station 436
123	Sample Log: "Leak bottom end cap after air vent open. Reseated, okay." 
	Salinity agrees with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also 
	okay.
115	Sample Log: "Leak bottom end cap after air vent open." Salinity agrees 
	with CTD and station profile. Other water samples also okay.

Station 437
119	Delta-S at 256db is 0.0281. Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem. 
	Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. Salinity is acceptable. Autosal 
	diagnostics do not indicate a problem.
118	Delta-S at 306db is 0.0284. Variation in CTD at stop for bottle trip. 
	Salinity is acceptable.

Station 438
117	Delta-S at 136db is -0.0383. Salinity lower than adjacent stations. 
	Footnote salinity questionable.
104	Delta-S at 1146db is -0.0319. Autosal run okay. Other water samples okay. 
	No notes. 0.002 higher than 5 at level above. Possible duplicate draw from 
	5. See 103. Footnote Salinity bad.
103	Delta-S at 1294db is -0.0643. Five runs to get Autosal agreement. Other 
	water samples okay. No notes. 0.002 higher than 4 at level above 0.004 
	higher than 5 two levels above. Possible duplicate draw from 5 with salt 
	crystal contamination. Footnote Salinity bad.
102	Delta-S at 1545db is -0.0204. Autosal run okay. Other water samples okay. 
	No notes. Possibly associated with problems on 103 & 104, rinsing?? 
	Footnote Salinity bad.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B.6. Preliminary report on lowered and vessel-mounted ADCP measurements 
(May 4, 1995)
Eric Firing and Peter Hacker
Julia M. Hummon
University of Hawaii, JIMAR
1000 Pope Road, MSB
Honolulu, HI   96822   USA

All data are to be considered preliminary at this time.
For information on the data contact:
        Firing:  808-956-7894; efiring@soest.hawaii.edu
        Hacker:  808-956-8689; hacker@soest.hawaii.edu
        Hummon:  808-956-7037; jules@noio.soest.hawaii.edu
        FAX:     808-956-4104

Ocean velocity observations were taken on the WHP Indian Ocean
Expedition (line I8N) using two acoustic Doppler current profiler
(ADCP) systems and accurate navigation data.  The two systems are
the hull-mounted ADCP and a lowered ADCP mounted on the rosette
with the CTD.  The data were taken aboard the R/V KNORR from March
10, 1995 to April 15, 1995 between Colombo, Sri Lanka and
Fremantle, Australia.  The purpose of the observations was to
document the upper ocean horizontal velocity structure along the
cruise track, and to measure vertical profiles of the horizontal
velocity components at the individual hydrographic stations.  The
observations provide absolute velocity estimates including the
ageostrophic component of the flow.

Figure B.4.1* shows the cruise track and the near surface currents
measured by the hull-mounted ADCP for the N/S segment of the
cruise.  Figures B.4.2* and B.4.3* show the hull-mounted ADCP
velocities near the sill at the southern end of the 90E ridge, and
the (approximately) E/W section to Fremantle.

B.6.1. Hull-mounted ADCP

The hull-mounted ADCP is part of the ship's equipment aboard the
KNORR.  The ADCP is a 150 kHz unit manufactured by RD Instruments.
The instrument pings about once per second, and for most of the
cruise the data were stored as 5-minute averages or ensembles.  The
user-exit program, ue4, receives and stores the ADCP data along
with both the P-code navigation data from the ship's Trimble
receiver and the Ashtech gps receiver positions.  The P-code data
are used as navigation for the ADCP processing.  The ship's gyro-
compass provides heading information for vector averaging the ADCP
data over the ensembles.  The user-exit program calculates and
stores the heading offset based on the difference between the
heading determination from the Ashtech receiver and from the ship
gyro.  The ADCP transducer is mounted at a depth of about 5 meters
below the sea surface.

As setup parameters, we used a blanking interval of 4 meters, a
vertical pulse length of 16 meters and a vertical bin size of 8
meters.  Data collection during the first 6 days of the cruise used
200s ensembles, and for the remainder of the cruise ensembles were
300s.  During testing, 20s ensembles were used.

On the previous leg (I9N) the ADCP signal degraded near the end of
the cruise, giving reliable data to only 125m.  In order to try to
return the signal to a reasonable level prior to the I8N leg, the
ADCP was removed from the ship's hull and cleaned on deck and the
preamp boards were tested.  The ADCP was remounted in the ship's
hull in port with the nominal "forward" beam facing nearly due aft
(it was previously mounted with the "forward" beam facing 45
degrees starboard of forward).  Although the ADCP appeared to be
working in port, a bad connection prevented data collection until
3/12 (19:37 Z).  After the bad connection was discovered, the cable
connecting the RDI acquisition box and the ADCP in the hull was
tied in place in an effort to ensure a good connection.  Data
aquisition proceeded without incident until the end of the cruise,
although beam 2 was weaker than 1,3, or 4 for the entire cruise.  A
significant decrease in signal strength at 13S corresponded to an
oxygen and nutrient front and to a simultaneous decrease in return
signal from the lowered ADCP.

Final editing and calibration of the ADCP data is not finished.
This involves the usual editing of CTD wire interference and the
determination of the actual transducer orientation.  In addition,
the CTD and underway temperature and salinity must be used to
correct the speed of sound because the ADCP thermistor was
incorrect for much of the cruise. The temperature difference of
(ADCP thermistor-CTD) increased approximately linearly from 0 to 8C
during the first 28 days, remained at 8C for the next 6 days, and
increased again during the last 1.5 days from 8C to 20C. An unusual
event in ADCP data acquisition is that during the first week the
amplitude of the reference velocity was halved, and then went back
to normal.  The factor of two is one of two options available in
the software, but why the software changed the amplitude has not
been determined.

B.6.2. Lowered ADCP

The second ADCP system is the lowered ADCP (LADCP), which was
mounted to the rosette system with the CTD.  The LADCP yields
vertical profiles of horizontal velocity components from near the
ocean surface to near the bottom.  The first unit used is a
broadband, self-contained 150 kHz system manufactured by RD
Instruments.  We used single ping ensembles.  This unit failed
after 9 casts, and we switched to the older narrow-band 300KHz
system, which averages pings into ensembles prior to data storage.
The data from each instrument is transferred to a PC between casts.

With either instrument, vertical shear of horizontal velocity was
obtained from each ping (or ensemble).  In the BB case, these shear
estimates were vertically binned and averaged for each cast.  By
combining the measured velocity of the ocean with respect to the
instrument, the measured vertical shear, and accurate shipboard
navigation at the start and end of the station, absolute velocity
profiles are obtained (Fisher and Visbeck, 1993 ).  Depth is
obtained by integrating the vertical velocity component; a better
estimate of the depth coordinate will be available after final
processing of the data together with the CTD profile data.  The
shipboard processing results in vertical profiles of u and v
velocity components, from a depth of 60 meters to near the ocean
bottom in 20 meter intervals.  The zonal velocity in the section
which crossed the equator is shown in Figure B.4.4.

CTD casts were made at stations 279-442 on the I8N cruise. Broad
Band LADCP casts were made at stations 279-291.  Narrow Band LADCP
casts were taken at all CTD stations thereafter except 292-293
(NBLADCP installation), 353-354 (erase EPROMs in NBLADCP, replace
internal battery pack with DC-DC power converter to allow use of
external battery pack), 405-406 (eraseEPROMs), and 421-428
 termine a break in cable was caused by shorting the battery across
the rosette upon deployment at station 405).  Deep BBLADCP casts
often have noise problems below 3000 meters or so due to poor
instrument range and interference from the return of the previous
ping.  NBLADCP stations occasionally showed data dropout in the
bottom 1000m.

B.6.3. Navigation

The ship used a Trimble P-code receiver for navigation, with data
coming in at once per second.  We have stored this once per second
data for the entire cruise, except for two periods (1/2 day and 2
hours) where 1 minute data were substituted.  We also decimated
this once per second data by a factor of 10 to 10-second intervals
and stored these processed files as daily matlab files of latitude,
longitude and time.

The Ashtech receiver uses a four antennae array to measure position
and attitude. The heading estimate was used with the gyro to
provide a heading correction for the ADCP ensembles.  The Ashtech
data was stored by the ADCP user-exit program along with the ADCP
data.

B.6.4. ADCP References

Fisher, J. and M. Visbeck, 1993; Deep velocity profiling with
  self-contained ADCPs; J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 764-773.


B.7. No preliminary report on chlorofluorocarbon measurements
(April 15, 1995)

B.8. No preliminary report on helium and tritium measurements
(April 15, 1995)

B.9.  Preliminary report on bathymetry measurements (Lynne Talley
and Frank Delahoyde, April 15, 1995)

The Knorr's Raytheon Line Scan Recorder was used throughout I8N/I5E
both for recording depths and for use with the pinger on the
CTD/rosette.  Depths were recorded every 5 minutes, entered on the
ODF CTD computer, and merged with navigation acquired from the
ship's Magnavox MX GPS system via RS-232, logged at one minute
intervals.  The merged navigation and bathymetry file provides a
time series of underway position, course, speed and bathymetry
data.  These data were used for all station positions, PDR depths,
and for bathymetry on vertical sections [Cart80].

The PDR paper rolls and computer records will be taken to Stu Smith
at Scripps Institution of Oceanography where the data will be added
to the general dataset for the Indian Ocean.  The recorded
bathymetry differs significantly from that on the Gebco charts at
the juncture of Broken Ridge and the Ninetyeast Ridge.

B.9.1. Bathymetry Reference
Carter, D. J. T., Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8 5UB. U.K., 1980.
 Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction Tables (Third
 Edition).  Marine Information and Advisory Service, Institute of
 Oceanographic Sciences.


B.10. Preliminary report on underway IMET measurements (Michael
Thatcher, April 15, 1995)

The following IMET sensors were installed an in use during I8N.
   Type                       Serial number   Label
   Air temperature            119             TMP
   Barometric Pressure        118             BPR
   Precipitation              113             PRC
   Relative Humidity          xx              HRH
   Sea Surface Temperature    108             SST
   Short Wave Radiation       003             SWR
   Wind Speed and Direction   002             WND (3/10 - 3/31)
   Wind Speed and Direction   107             WND (3/31 - 4/15)


Data: The data were logged to ASCII text files, one containing ship
navigational information, and the other containing meteorological
information.  David Newton (SIO) has complete copies of this data
which he has reformatted into single combined files, by day with an
added error code of "-99" for bad or missing data.

Known problems:

Wind sensor - There was a failing board in the wind sensor which
was replaced during the port stop prior to sailing (unit 107).
Unfortunately the changed board made matters worse and as a result
the wind speed would frequently jump to an unreasonably high value,
such as 90 meters per second for a period of one minute and data
would also occasionally contain "?" characters.  The data logger
appears to have recorded the "?" characters in the place of wind
direction when they appeared.  The "?" were verified to be
originating in the wind instrument and not in the data logger.  As
a result of the two failed boards, the spare wind sensor (unit 002)
was re-calibrated and put into use.

Unfortunately, though the data were good, they were not always
there and the sensor would cease to provide information.  This
"timing out" grew worse over time and finally after additional
trouble-shooting and swapping yet another board between the two
sensors, we were able to re-utilize unit 107 with the WNDSPVN board
from unit 002 an the new SCR board received from WHOI.  Data
logging was constant from this point on (3/31/95). None the less
about 12% of this data reflects the errors seen in the previous leg
and should be discarded.  An entirely new and working wind sensor
will be installed during the port stop for the next leg.

The gyre and speed log experienced a problem at the beginning of
the cruise due to a power switch on a junction box being
inadvertently turned off in the main lab (3/15/95).  Once the
source of the problem was found and corrected, there were no
further large gaps in this area of the data logging.

B.11. No preliminary report on underway pCO2, pN2O measurements
(April 15, 1995)

B.12. No preliminary report on carbon dioxide measurements (April
15, 1995)


Figures*

 Figure A.1*.   WOCE I8N/I5E Cruise Track

 Figure A.2*.  (a) Stations 278-354 (WOCE I8N).  (b) Stations 355-
              394.  (c) Stations 395-442 (WOCE I5E).

 Figure A.3*.  ALACE floats and surface drifters deployed (WOCE
              I8N/I5E).

 Figure A.4*.  (a) CTD station times from ship stopping to underway.
              (b) CTD station times from CTD deployment to
              recovery.  (c) Average wirespeed as a function of
              station number.

 Figure A.5*.  (a) Bottle salinity, (b) bottle oxygen, (c) CTD
              salinity, (d) silica, (e) nitrate and (f) phosphate
              vs. potential temperature, for I8N/I5E stations 315-
              317 (3/95) and Geosecs station 449 (4/78), at 5 S, 80
              E.  Solid lines connect the I8N/I5E values.

 Figure A.6*.  (a) Bottle salinity, (b) bottle oxygen, (c) CTD
              salinity, (d) silica, (e) nitrate and (f) phosphate
              vs. potential temperature, for I8N/I5E stations 328-
              331 (3/95) and R/V Wilkes stations 18-20 (4/79), at
              12 30'S, 80 E.  Solid lines connect the I8N/I5E
              values.

 Figure A.7*.  (a) Bottle salinity, (b) bottle oxygen, (c) CTD
              salinity, (d) silica, (e) nitrate and (f) phosphate
              vs. potential temperature, for I8N/I5E stations 377-
              381 (3/95) and R/V Charles Darwin stations 67-69
              (5/87), at about 29 30'S, 86 E.  Solid lines connect
              the I8N/I5E values.

 Figure A.8*.  (a) Bottle salinity, (b) bottle oxygen, (c) CTD
              salinity, (d) silica, (e) nitrate and (f) phosphate
              vs. potential temperature, for I8N/I5E stations 405-
              407 (4/95) and I8S stations 10-12 (12/94), at 34 S,
              95 E.  Solid lines connect the I8N/I5E values.

 Figure B.1.1*. Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

 Figure B.1.2*. Temperature calibration for ODF CTD #1, December
              1994.

 Figure B.1.3*.Comparison between the primary and secondary PRT
              channels.

 Figure B.1.4*.5-cast grouping conductivity slopes by station
              number.

 Figure B.1.5*.CTD conductivity offsets by station number.

 Figure B.1.6*.Salinity residual differences after correction by
              pressure.

 Figure B.1.7*.Salinity residual differences after correction by
              station.

 Figure B.1.8*.Deep salinity residual differences after correction
              by station.

 Figure B.1.9*.O2 residual differences after correction by station.

 Figure B.1.10*.O2 residual differences (>3000db).

 Figure B.4.1*.(a) Vessel-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler
              current vectors for I8N.  (b) The same for I5E.

 Figure B.4.2*.Lowered acoustic doppler current profiler velocities
              for the portion of I8N crossing the equator.

 Figure V1*.   I8N Potential temperature. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V2*.   I8N Potential temperature. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V3*.   I8N Salinity (CTD). (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V4*.   I8N Salinity (CTD). (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V5*.   I8N Sigma 4. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V6*.   I8N Sigma theta. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V7*.   I8N Oxygen (discrete). (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V8*.   I8N Oxygen (discrete). (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V9*.   I8N Silicate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V10*.  I8N Silicate. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V11*.  I8N Nitrate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V12*.  I8N Nitrate. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V13*.  I8N Phosphate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V14*.  I8N Phosphate. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V15*.  I5E Potential temperature. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V16*.  I5E Potential temperature. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V17*.  I5E Salinity (CTD). (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V18*.  I5E Salinity (CTD). (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V19*.  I5E Sigma 4. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V20*.  I5E Sigma theta. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V21*.  I5E Oxygen (discrete). (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V22*.  I5E Oxygen (discrete). (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V23*.  I5E Silicate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V24*.  I5E Silicate. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V25*.  I5E Nitrate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V26*.  I5E Nitrate. (0-1000 dbar)

 Figure V27*.  I5E Phosphate. (0-5500 dbar)

 Figure V28*.  I5E Phosphate. (0-1000 dbar)

* All figures shown in PDF file.
