WOCE Section: P15S
ExpoCode:     3175CG90_1-2


NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-44

  CTD MEASUREMENTS COLLECTED ON A CLIMATE AND GLOBAL CHANGE CRUISE ALONG 170°W 
                           DURING FEBRUARY-APRIL 1990

K. McTaggart (1)
     Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
D. Wilson (2)
     Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
     Miami, Florida
L. Mangum (1)
     Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle, Washington June 1993


UNITED STATES        NATIONAL OCEANIC        Environmental 
DEPARTMENT OF        AND ATMOSPHERIC         Research
COMMERCE             ADMINISTRATION          Laboratories
_______________      _______________         ______________

Ronald H. Brown      D. James Baker          Alan R.Thomas
Secretary            Under Secretary         Director
                     for Oceans and 
                     Atmosphere/Administrator 


NOTICE
Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by 
NOAA/ERL. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary 
products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is 
not authorized.


Contribution No. 1452 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 
5285 Port Royal Road - Springfield, VA 22161
_____________
1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., 
  Seattle, Washington 98115-0070 
2 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 4301 
  Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149


ABSTRACT. 

Summaries of Nell Brown Instrument System CTD measurements and hydrographic data 
acquired on a Climate and Global Change (CGC) cruise during the spring of 1990 
aboard the NOAA ship Malcohn Baldhge are presented. The majority of these data 
were collected along  170°W from 5°N to 60°S. Additional data collected along a 
trackline from 60°S,  170°W to 46.3°S, 179.5°E, and along 32.5°S from 179°W to  
170°W are also presented. Data acquisition and processing systems are described 
and calibration techniques are discussed. Station location, meteorological 
conditions, abbreviated CTD data listings, profiles, and potential temperature-
salinity diagrams are shown for each cast. Section plots of oceanographic 
variables and hydrographic data listings are also given.


1.    INTRODUCTION

In support of NOAA's Climate Program, PMEL scientists have been measuring the 
growing burden of greenhouse gases in the thermocline waters of the Pacific 
Ocean and the overlying atmosphere since 1980. During leg I of this cruise, 
hydrographic and chemical measurements were made in a detailed section along  
170°W in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Goals included the assessment of the 
change in inventory of CFC- 11, CFC- 12, and anthropogenic CO2 since the first 
observations in the southwestern Pacific during 1984; observation of freons and 
other tracers in several crossings of the Deep Western Boundary Current; and 
observation of tracers in the bottom waters of the deep basin of the 
southwestern Pacific. During leg 2 of this cruise, measurements were made in the 
deep passages between the North and South Pacific Basins, across the Deep 
Western Boundary Current at 32.5°S, and across the equator. Figures I and 2 show 
the cruise track and station locations. In Figure 2, leg I stations are 
indicated by a circle and leg 2 stations are marked by a triangle. Table I 
provides a summary of cast information.


2.    STANDARDS AND PRE-CRUISE CALIBRATIONS

The Neil Brown Mark IIIb CTD profiler is designed to make precise, high 
resolution measurements of conductivity, temperature, and pressure in the ocean 
environment. Electrical conductivity of sea water is obtained using a miniature 
four-electrode ceramic cell and highly precise and stable interface electronics; 
temperature is determined using a platinum resistance thermometer. Pressure is 
determined using a high performance strain gage pressure transducer. A 
thermistor within the pressure sensor housing corrects pressure values for the 
effects of temperature changes on the sensor itself.

Data from the underwater unit is transmitted in real time to a shipboard data 
terminal through a 3-conductor electro-mechanical cable. The data is in TELETYPE 
(TTY) format and uses a frequency shift key (FSK) modulated signal superimposed 
on the DC power supplied to the underwater unit.

The EG&G conductivity sensor has a range of I to 65 mmho, an accuracy of ±0.005 
mmho, resolution of 0.001 mmho, and stability of 0.003 mmho/month. The Rosemount 
platinum thermometer has a range of -32 to 32°C, an accuracy of ±0.005°C (-3 to 
32°C), resolution of 0.0005°C, and stability of 0.001°C/month. The Paine 
pressure sensor has a range of 0 to 6500 db, an accuracy of ±6.5 db, resolution 
of 0.1 db, and stability of 0.1%/month.

Pre-cruise calibrations were done at Northwest Regional Calibration Center 
(NRCC) in Bellevue, Washington. The CTD was placed in a temperature controlled 
bath and compared against a calibration standard at nine different temperatures 
ranging from 0 to 30°C. A linear fit was calculated for the platinum 
thermometer. A calibrated piston gauge was used to determine separate third-
order fits for the pressure sensor at four temperatures for increasing pressure 
(a range of seven pressure values from 0 to 6300 db) and decreasing pressure (a 
range of six values from 6300 to 0 db). Temperature and pressure calibrations 
were crudely checked at sea by comparing values with those from deep reversing 
thermometers, but the stability of the temperature and pressure sensors is such 
that the sensors are more accurate than the reversing thermometers. The 
conductivity sensor, on the other hand, is not as stable relative to water 
sample values and is more accurately calibrated using water sample salinities. 
Immediately prior to tripping the rosette, values of pressure, temperature, and 
conductivity were recorded from the CTD deck unit. These upcast CTD values were 
used for comparison with the water sample values.


3.    DATA ACQUISITION

The CTD was deployed off the starboard platform of the Malcolm Baldrige using an 
Interocean winch throughout both legs of the cruise. A total of 64 CTD profiles 
were collected at 36 stations on leg I along  170°W from 15°S to 60°S, and along 
a trackline from 60°S,  170°W to 46.3°S, 179.5°E, including 21 deep casts to 
within 50 db of the bottom and 6 test/freon calibration casts. Cast 63 and 64 
were freon calibration casts. CTD data from cast 63 is included in the data set 
although no bottle salts were drawn, but CTD data from cast 64 was not 
processed. A total of 46 CTD profiles were collected during leg 2 along 32.5°S 
from 178.8°W to 171.5°W, and along  170°W from 30°S to 5°N, including 13 deep 
casts to within 50 db of the bottom.

PMEL's Nell Brown CTD/02 S/N 2044 (sampling rate 31 Hz) and a General Oceanics 
24-bottle rosette were used for casts 0-10. Eight-hundred pounds of lead weight 
were attached to the frame to reduce the effects of surging. AOML's Neil Brown 
CTD S/N 2043 (sampling rate 31 Hz) and a General Oceanics 12-bottle rosette with 
400 pounds of lead weight were used for casts 11-64 of leg I and throughout leg 
2. Casts to within 50 meters of the bottom were made using a Benthos acoustic 
pinger mounted low and opposite the CTD sensor arm on the frame. The position of 
the package relative to the bottom was monitored on the ship's Precision Depth 
Recorder. Ten-liter Niskin bottles were used to collect water samples for 
salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFC, helium, total CO, alkalinity, and dissolved 
inorganic carbon. Reversing thermometers were mounted on several Niskin bottles 
on each cast and were used to verify rosette trip sequence and monitor the CTD 
temperature sensor for calibration shifts.

The package entered the water and was lowered at a rate of 30 m/min for the 
first 50 meters. To reduce the chance of contamination in the bottles, the 
package was not stopped just beneath the surface on its descent. Speed was 
increased at 50 meters to 45 m/min, and increased again at 200 meters to 60 
m/min. Ship roll sometimes caused substantial variation about these mean 
lowering rates.

A Neil Brown Mark III deck unit received the FSK signal from the CTD and 
displayed pressure, temperature, and conductivity values. An analog signal was 
forwarded from the deck unit to an XYY' recorder which monitored the data 
acquisition in real-time for signal spiking and problems with the electrical 
termination. An audio signal was forwarded to a video cassette recorder as a 
backup. The digitized data were forwarded to a microVAX and written directly to 
a disk file. Digitized data were also recorded on 9-track magnetic tape as an 
additional backup. The acquisition microVAX was equipped with Scientific 
Computer System (SCS) data acquisition software modified from PMEL/AOML source 
code. The disk files were transferred to a processing microVAX where PMEL's 
standard processing and plotting software were installed. Plots were generated 
after each cast to check for problems and monitor sensor drift. Backups of the 
raw and processed data were made on TK50 cartridge tapes and returned to PMEL.


3.1    Data Acquisition Problems

Early into leg 1, patches of deteriorated cable were identified from near-
surface to greater than 5000 meters. Efforts were made to reinforce damaged 
areas in order to continue with CTD operations.

The oxygen sensor on CTD SiN 2044 started losing sensitivity before the cap was 
inadvertently left on during a deep cast which ruptured the sensor's membrane. 
Before the sensor could be replaced, the entire underwater package was lost 
during cast 10 when the cable parted with approximately 600 meters of cable out. 
An additional 4100 meters of cable was discarded and operations continued with 
the 12-bottle package. Multiple casts were made at selected stations to 
adequately sample the water column. CTD oxygen data were not processed.

Problems existed throughout the cruise with the rosettes and the rosette deck 
units of both packages. Several deck units were tried. A strip chart recorder 
connected to the rosette deck units to monitor the signal voltages was helpful 
in determining misfires. Bottle salinity, oxygen and nutrient data were also 
used in an effort to determine the actual depth of each bottle fired. No bottles 
closed during cast 63 owing to a nicked connector.


3.2    Salinity Analyses

Bottle salinity analyses were performed by survey personnel in a climate-
controlled van using two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A inductive salinometers 
and IAPSO Standard Seawater from Wormley batch P 112. The commonly accepted 
precision of the Autosal is 0.001 psu, with an accuracy of 0.003 psu. The 
Autosals were standardized before each run and either at the end of each run or 
after no more than 48 samples. The drift during each run was monitored and 
individual samples were corrected for the drift during each run by linear 
interpolation. Bottle salinities were compared with computed CTD salinities to 
identify leaking bottles, as well as to monitor the conductivity sensor 
performance and drift.

Problems developed with both autosals midway through the cruise but were fixed 
by ship's personnel. Generally, there was good agreement between preliminary CTD 
data and bottle salinities, with a standard error near .005 psu. Calibrated CTD 
salinities replace problem bottle salinities in the hydrographic data listing 
and are indicated by an asterisk.


4.    POST-CRUISE CALIBRATIONS

Pressure and temperature values for both CTDs were corrected using pre-cruise 
calibration coefficients. Reversing thermometer data showed no shifts in 
temperature and pressure calibrations within the resolution of these 
measurements. The new International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) was not 
applied to the temperature values of this data set.

Final calibrations for conductivity were determined by reading uncalibrated CTD 
upcast and sample salinity data and calculating a least squares linear fit 
between CTD and water sample conductivity, weighting all data equally. When the 
difference between CTD and water sample conductivity exceeded 2.8 times the 
standard deviation of the calculated fit, the calibration pair was thrown out. 
Another fit was then calculated with these points omitted and the process 
repeated until no calibration pairs are discarded. This cruise was separated 
into three groups:

                                         MAXIMUM   STANDARD
                  BIAS          SLOPE    RESIDUAL  DEVIATION           
____________________________________________________________________________

Casts  0-10:  -2.0077199E-02  0.9993219  -0.019    0.0068 mmho/cm
Casts 11-63:  -0.7075790E-02  0.9987081  -0.010    0.0038 mmho/cm
Casts 65-110: -1.4587455E-02  0.9986109  -0.010    0.0039 mmho/cm
Casts  0-10:  16 values were discarded from a total of 122 in 6 repetitions.
Casts 11-63:  36 values were discarded from a total of 555 in 8 repetitions.
Casts 65-110: 49 values were discarded from a total of 510 in 7 repetitions.

Deep potential temperature- salinity diagrams for each cast were used to check 
the quality of the fits. Where leg I stations were revisited on leg 2 (32.5°S, 
30°S, 25°S, 20°S, and 15°S), overplots were generated. At reoccupied stations on 
leg 2, deep potential temperature- s ali ni ty diagrams of CTD and bottle data 
showed good correlation, however there was a difference of approximately 0.002 
psu at two of the five reoccupied stations, 25°S and 30°S.

Historical data from 1967 Scorpio, 1987 TEW, and 1974 GEOSECS cruises were 
examined and there also existed differences between these cruises in salinity of 
the deepest water masses of about 0.002 psu. Comparing the 1990 data set with 
these historical data, leg I salinity data was within this 0.002 psu difference. 
Therefore leg 2 data at stations 25°S and 30°S along  170°W (casts 77-84) were 
corrected. This was done by regridding leg I and leg 2 data at these two 
stations according to potential temperature. The range of potential temperature 
was around 0.6 to 0.8°C, with a grid size of 0.01°C. The mean difference in 
salinity between leg I and leg 2 casts was computed. For the station at 25°S, 
this value was 0.0018 psu; for the station at 30°S, it was 0.0021 psu. For each 
regridded scan of leg 2 data, a new conductivity was calculated using the value 
of salinity plus delta-salinity. The differences between the old and new 
conductivities were averaged (25°S = 0.0014 mmho/cm, 30°S = 0.0018 mmho/cm) and 
added to the conductivity calibration bias applied. Corrections were linearly 
interpolated over casts 77-84.


5.    PROCESSING

Raw CTD data files were restored from TK50 cartridge tapes and processed on PMEL 
microVAX node NBVAX. In order to eliminate anomalous excursions in the raw 
temperature and conductivity data associated with reversals in the direction of 
movement of the CTD package, as well as when the package decelerates due to ship 
roll, program DPDNB was used to read the SCS LOGGER raw data files and compute a 
fall rate every 60 scans (about 2 seconds). Fall rate was then carried along 
with the original unprocessed data.

Program DLAGAV read the raw data files with fall rates and applied pre-cruise 
calibrations. Window outliers (acceptable ranges were -12 to 6500 db for 
pressure, -2 to 33°C for temperature, and 24 to 68 mmho/cm for conductivity) and 
first-differencing outliers (acceptable differences between scans were 1.0 db 
for pressure, 0.07°C for temperature, and 0. 1 mmho/cm for conductivity) were 
removed. Gaps in the data were filled by linear interpolation. DLAGAV lagged 
conductivity, edited data exceeding the fall rate criteria (minimum fall rate 
acceptable was 0.5 db/60 scans or about 15 meters per minute and pressure 
interval to skip beyond the point of failure was 1.2 db as determined at sea), 
and computed 1-decibar data files.

First-differencing outliers were tentatively flagged if the differences between 
two scans were greater than the above mentioned preset values. If the difference 
between the next scan and the last good scan exceeded twice the allowable 
difference between scans, it too was flagged. If five scans in a row failed in 
this manner it was assumed that there was a gap in the data record and all scans 
were retained. Or if the next, third, fourth or fifth scan had values close 
enough to the last good scan, then the flagged scans were rejected.

The filter applied to conductivity to account for the response time difference 
between the conductivity sensor and the slower platinum thermometer is described 
in Fofonoff et al. (1974). The conductivity is lagged as follows:

                        C (n) = (I-A) CM (n) + A € C (n-1)

where C is the lagged conductivity, CM is the measured conductivity, n is the 
scan number, and A is a constant empirically determined (Home and Toole, 1980) 
to best match temperature and conductivity (A = 0.87).

Program EPCTD read calibrated pressure, calibrated temperature, and raw 
conductivity data output from DLAGAV. EPCTD corrected raw conductivity for 
thermal and pressure effects, applied conductivity calibrations, and computed 
salinity using the 1978 Practical Salinity Scale (UNESCO, 1981). Single-point 
spikes were eliminated using maximum allowable gradients of 0.05°C for 
temperature and 0.025 psu for salinity above 200 db, and 0.01°C for temperature 
and 0.0 1 psu for salinity below 200 db. Additional salinity spikes were omitted 
from casts 12, 24, 5 1, 58, 70, and 95 as specified by the processor. Missing 
data were filled by linear interpolation for a value to exist every whole 
decibar. Final conductivity values were recomputed from salinity.

The conductivity cell dependence on temperature and pressure was corrected using 
the following (Fofonof et al., 1974):

                   C = CR € (1-ALPHA € (T-15.) + BETA € (P/3.))

where CR is lagged conductivity, ALPHA is 6.5E-06, and BETA is 1.5E-08.

EPCTD then calculated potential temperature, sigma-t, and sigma-theta using the 
1980 equation of state algorithms described by Fofonoff and Millard (1983). 
Dynamic height in dynamic meters was calculated by integrating from the sea 
surface. When the uppermost pressure was not equal to 0 db, surface values of 
temperature and salinity were filled with the values associated with the 
shallowest pressure for which values did exist (provided this pressure was less 
than 10 db). EPCTD output finalized CTD data in PMEL's Equatorial Pacific 
Information Collection (EPIC) format (Soreide and Hayes, 1988).


6.    DATA PRESENTATION

The final calibrated data in EPIC format were used to produce the plots and 
listings which follow. The majority of the plots were produced using Plot Plus 
Scientific Graphics System (Denbo, 1992). Tables 2-6 define the abbreviations 
and units used in the CTD data summary listings. Plots and summary listings of 
the CTD data follow for each cast. Hydrographic bottledata at discrete depths 
are listed in the final section.

7.    PERSONNEL
                                                                Leg I    Leg 2
    John Bullister, NOAA Pacific Marine
        Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)                CFC        x
    David Wisegarver, (Chief Scientist,
        legs I and 2), PMEL                            CFC        x       x
    Fred Menzia, PMEL                                  CFC        x       x
    Jeff Benson, PMEL                                  CTD        x
    Dana Greeley, PMEL                                 C02/CTD    x       x
    Paulette Murphy, PMEL                              C02        x       x
    Marilyn Roberts, PMEL                              C02        x       x
    Linda Mangum, PMEL                                 CTD        x
    Kristy McTaggart, PMEL                             CTD        x
    Lloyd Moore, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic
        and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)           Nutrients  x       x
    Rick Van Woy, Scripps Institute of Oceanography    CFC        x
    Gary Wick, University of Colorado                  SST        x       x
    Mike Behrenfeld, Western Washington University
        (WWU)                                          UV-b       x
    Andrew Hanneman, WWU                               UV-b       x
    Michael Mathewson, Woods Hole Oceanographic
        Institute                                      Helium     x
    Bob Byrnes, University of Southern Florida (USF)   pH         x
    Tanya Clayton, USF                                 pH         x
    Doug Wilson, AOML                                  ADCP       x
    Rick Cole, USF                                     Moorings           x
    Margie McCarty, PMEL                               CTD                x
    Lt. Cliff Wilson, PMEL                             Moorings           x
    Rolf Beck, Ocean Science Institute, 
        University of Sydney                           CFC        x
    Jeff Donavan, USF                                  Moorings           x


8.    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The assistance of the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Malcolm Baldrige is 
gratefully acknowledged. The survey department (Dennis Sweeney and Tom Lantry), 
under the supervision of Chief Survey Technician Robert Hopkins, provided 
valuable assistance in operations during this cruise.

We wish to thank Margie McCarty for the acquisition and preliminary calibration 
of leg 2 CTD data, as well as Jeff Benson and Dana Greeley for their help with 
the rosette, bottles, and CTD operations.

Funds for this program were provided to S. Hayes and D. Wilson by the Office of 
Global Programs.


9.    REFERENCES

Brown, N.L. (1974): A precision CTD microprofiler. Ocean, 74(2), 270-278.

Denbo, D.W. (199-2): PPLUS Graphics, P.O. Box 4, Sequim, WA, 98382.

Horne, E.P.W. and J.M. Toole (1980): Sensor response mismatch and lag correction 
       techniques for temperature- sal in] ty profilers. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 
       1112-1130.
Fofonoff, N.P. and R.C. Millard (1983): Algorithms for computation of 
       fundamental properties of seawater, UNESCO Report No. 44, 15-24.
Fofonoff, N.P., S.P. Hayes, and R.C. Millard (1974): WHOI/Brown CTD 
       microprofiler: methods of calibration and data handling. Woods Hole 
       Oceanographic Institution Technical Report No. WHOI-74-89, 64 pp.
Soreide, N.N. and SY Hayes (1988): A system for management, display and analysis 
       of oceanographic time series and hydrographic data. Fourth International 
       Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for 
       Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology. American Meteorological 
       Society, Boston, J20-J22.
UNESCO (1981): Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity 
       Scale, 1978.
UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 37, 144 pp.




Figure 1.    CGC-90-MB cruise track.

Figure 2.    Location of stations occupied during CGC-90-MB. Leg I stations are 
             indicated by a circle, leg 2 stations are shown with a triangle.
             February 22 - April 16,1990
             Pago Pago, Samoa - Wellington, NZ - Honolulu, HI

Figure 3.    CGC-90-MB upper ocean and deep water potential temperature (°C) 
             sections along 170°W.

Figure 4.    CGC-90-MB upper ocean and deep water salinity (psu) sections along  
             170°W.

Figure 5.    CGC-90-MB upper ocean and deep water potential density (kg/m 3) 
             sections along  170°W.

Figure 6.    CGC-90-MB upper ocean and deep water potential temperature (°C), 
             salinity (psu), and potential density (kg/M3) sections along track 
             from 60°S, 169.9°W to 49.5°S, 179.7°E.




TABLE 1.    CTD Cast Summary

STN Cast  Latitude   Longitude     Date    Time  W/D  W/S Depth SST
 #   #                            (GMT)    (°T) (kts) (m) (°C)  (db)  Cast
--- ---  ---------- -----------  --------  ---- ----- --- ----- ----  ----
 0   0   14 53.2 S  170  8.5 W  23 FEB 90  1742   -    -  4541  28.1  3013
 1   1   14 59.5 S  170  0.6 W  23 FEB 90  2146   51   4  4806  28.2   200
 2   2   15  0.1 S  170  0.3 W  24 FEB 90   151   -    -  4817  28.8  4847
 3   3   16 28.3 S  169 59.6 W  24 FEB 90  1238   -    -  5073  28.6  2000
 4   4   18  0.2 S  170  0.4 W  24 FEB 90  2149  148   7  4929  27.6  2001
 5   5   20  0.2 S  169 59.6 W  25 FEB 90   816  180   8  5320  27.0   202
 5   6   20  2.1 S  169 59.9 W  25 FEB 90  1100   -    -  5361  27.0  2152
 5   7   20  0.7 S  169 59.6 W  25 FEB 90  2049  116  10  5320  27.0  5427
 6   8   21  9.1 S  170  1.7 W  26 FEB 90   657  120  10  5433  26.7  2501
 7   9   21 59.5 S  169 59.8 W  26 FEB 90  1300  103  10  4839  26.0  2004
 8  10   23 37.2 S  170  0.3 W  26 FEB 90  2310   98  18  5660  25.8   600
 9  11   24 59.9 S  170  1.4 W  27 FEB 90  1157   90  20  5753  24.7  2501
 9  12   25  0.4 S  170  0.5 W  27 FEB 90  1509  100  18  5702  24.6   600
 9  13   25  1.3 S  170  0.9 W  27 FEB 90  1837   25   5  5712  24.6  5055
10  14   27 30.2 S  170  0.3 W  28 FEB 90   727  116  14  5223  24.1   352
10  15   27 30.8 S  170  0.9 W  28 FEB 90   952  114  10  5316  24.1  2500
11  16   30  0.3 S  170  0.8 W  28 FEB 90  2215   85  19  5417  23.7   304
11  17   30  1.1 S  170  1.5 W   1 MAR 90    16   67  18  5415  23.8  1512
11  18   30  0.3 S  170  2.6 W   1 MAR 90   441   60  16  5429  23.9  5178
12  19   32 31.0 S  169 59.9 W   1 MAR 90  1825   45  22  5588  22.1   351
12  20   32 34.2 S  169 59.9 W   1 MAR 90  2032   68  24  5577  22.0  1504
12  21   32 33.2 S  170  3.1 W   2 MAR 90    30   63  20  5568  22.0  5300
13  22   35  2.0 S  170  3.3 W   2 MAR 90  1514   15  18  5172  20.7   352
13  23   35  2.0 S  170  3.4 W   2 MAR 90  1719   15  18  5128  20.7  1503
13  24   35  1.4 S  170  0.6 W   2 MAR 90  2115  355  17  5225  20.7  5278
14  25   37 30.6 S  170  1.1 W   3 MAR 90  1037   55  12  5149  19.7   400
14  26   37 32.6 S  170  2.2 W   3 MAR 90  1252   40  18  5170  19.6  2504
15  27   40  0.0 S  170  0.2 W   4 MAR 90    52   38  14  4626  17.2   398
15  28   40  0.8 S  170  0.1 W   4 MAR 90   306   40  10  4626  17.6  2301
15  29   40  1.7 S  170  1.7 W   4 MAR 90   706  168   5  4626  17.6  4678
16  30   40 59.8 S  170 28.8 W   4 MAR 90  1535  192  10  4248  17.6  2005
16  31   40 58.1 S  170 29.0 W   4 MAR 90  1908  195  14  4323  17.5  4346
17  32   41 29.4 S  170 43.4 W   5 MAR 90    41  185  14  3984  18.0  3405
18  33   41 58.9 S  170 59.0 W   5 MAR 90   554  157  18  2974  18.2  2978
19  34   42 29.5 S  171 12.2 W   5 MAR 90  1016  161  10  1826  17.8   502
19  35   42 28.7 S  171 12.5 W   5 MAR 90  1225  155   6  1857  17.8  1845
20  36   43 30.1 S  170 51.2 W   5 MAR 90  1902   97   9  2904  15.6  2923
21  37   43 59.1 S  170 41.6 W   6 MAR 90    54   58   8  4473  16.0  4648
22  38   44 22.2 S  170 19.7 W   6 MAR 90   641   43  12  5108  15.8  5186
23  39   45 58.6 S  170  0.7 W   6 MAR 90  1612   25   8  5225  14.7   352
23  40   46  3.2 S  170  0.6 W   6 MAR 90  1819   25  20  5173  14.6  1752
23  41   46  2.7 S  170  0.1 W   6 MAR 90  2207   23  21  5190  14.6  5272
24  42   47  0.4 S  170  0.8 W   7 MAR 90   538   15  14  5252  13.4  3000
25  43   48  0.3 S  169 59.5 W   7 MAR 90  1133    8  14  5307  13.7  1000
25  44   48  1.3 S  169 54.9 W   7 MAR 90  1509   30   8  5294  13.7  5205
26  45   50  0.2 S  169 59.8 W   8 MAR 90   213  358  14  5340  12.5   404
26  46   50  0.3 S  170  1.5 W   8 MAR 90   434  315  10  5340  12.6  2402
26  47   50  4.0 S  170  4.2 W   8 MAR 90   844  321  25  5279  11.6  5305
27  48   51 59.6 S  169 59.2 W   8 MAR 90  2113  256  21  4981   9.5  1003
27  49   51 58.0 S  169 59.1 W   9 MAR 90    27  266  18  5054   9.4  5130
28  50   56 42.1 S  170  3.4 W  10 MAR 90   231  345  20  4883   5.5  1000
28  51   56 46.1 S  170  4.1 W  10 MAR 90   612   12  26  4822   5.5  4769
29  52   60  0.7 S  169 57.3 W  11 MAR 90   138  314  26  4139   3.8  1005
29  53   60  0.6 S  169 53.0 W  11 MAR 90   502  265  16  4139   3.8  4177
30  54   55 59.5 S  174 14.2 W  12 MAR 90  1825  155  10  5011   7.0  1001
30  55   55 59.8 S  174 10.1 W  12 MAR 90  2212  171  12  4970   7.0  5030
31  56   53 56.9 S  176  9.5 W  13 MAR 90  1304  270  24  5289   9.3  5025
31  57   53 54.2 S  176  3.3 W  13 MAR 90  1643  280  22  5310   9.2  1250
32  58   50 30.3 S  179 23.7 W  15 MAR 90   620  270  18  4448  10.2  1753
33  59   49 29.9 S  179 44.7 E  15 MAR 90  1420  337  18  2012   8.8  1987


TABLE 1.    CTD Cast Summary (continued)

STN Cast  Latitude   Longitude     Date    Time  W/D  W/S Depth SST
 #   #                            (GMT)    (°T) (kts) (m) (°C)  (db)  Cast
--- ---  ---------- -----------  --------  ---- ----- --- ----- ----  ----
34  60   49 43.5 S  179 59.9 W  16 MAR 90   724  267  16  3111   8.5  3088
35  61   49 50.9 S  179 52.7 W  16 MAR 90  1146  284  21  4030   9.8  4056
36  62   50 29.0 S  179 21.4 W  18 MAR 90   704  285  22  4458  10.0  4531
37  63   46 20.0 S  179 28.9 E  20 MAR 90     5  145  14  3317  15.0  3004
38  65   34 38.9 S  178 38.2 W  29 MAR 90   948  144  23  6556  21.2  3000
39  66   32 29.8 S  178 18.8 W  28 MAR 90  2141  124  20  4994  21.9  5061
40  67   32 30.6 S  178 31.4 W  29 MAR 90   237   94   7    -   22.1  4219
41  68   32 29.8 S  178 44.6 W  29 MAR 90   704   93  10  3080  22.1   999
41  69   32 29.3 S  178 46.0 W  29 MAR 90  1000  100  11  2828  22.1  2973
42  70   32 29.0 S  178 30.1 W  29 MAR 90  1257  123   8  4211  22.0  1498
43  71   32 29.6 S  178 17.8 W  29 MAR 90  1554  157   8  5004  22.2  1500
44  72   32 29.5 S  178  0.2 W  29 MAR 90  2008  114   8  5722  21.9  1499
44  73   32 30.6 S  177 59.9 W  30 MAR 90    29  155   6  5898  22.0  5975
45  74   32 29.0 S  175 29.0 W  30 MAR 90  1229  125   4  5574  22.2  1498
45  75   32 29.4 S  175 30.1 W  30 MAR 90  1642   -    -  5462  22.3  5526
46  76   32 28.8 S  171 28.7 W  31 MAR 90  1104  218   3  5182  21.6  5229
47  77   30  0.0 S  170  0.4 W   1 APR 90   233  134  12  5414  24.1  5502
48  78   24 58.6 S  170  1.3 W   2 APR 90   206  114  24  5689  25.4   399
48  79   24 58.9 S  170  1.0 W   2 APR 90   506  100  20  5784  25.4  2253
48  80   25  1.2 S  170  1.8 W   2 APR 90   857  122  21  5740  25.3  5804
49  81   22 29.8 S  170  0.4 W   2 APR 90  2222  135  25  5468  25.4   500
49  82   22 30.4 S  170  0.5 W   3 APR 90    42  126  20  5645  25.4  2999
50  83   20  0.4 S  170  0.4 W   3 APR 90  1333  125  22  5320  27.0   400
50  84   20  0.9 S  170  0.0 W   3 APR 90  1548  120  18  5351  27.2  2249
50  85   20  1.5 S  170  0.8 W   3 APR 90  1926  132  24  5502  27.2  5472
51  86   17 29.5 S  170  0.3 W   4 APR 90   841  117  25  4848  27.6   600
52  87   15  0.2 S  170  0.6 W   4 APR 90  2202  168   8  4686  28.5   399
52  88   14 58.7 S  170  2.9 W   5 APR 90    12   85   4  4771  28.5  2016
52  89   15  0.3 S  170  0.4 W   5 APR 90   438  105  14  4833  28.5  4873
53  90   11 26.4 S  169 36.5 W   5 APR 90  2237  329  10  5216  28.8  1250
54  91   10  6.1 S  169 30.2 W   6 APR 90   700   38  14  5249  28.9  5302
55  92   10  5.4 S  169 59.5 W   6 APR 90  1137   53   6  5161  28.8  1500
55  93   10  5.5 S  170  0.0 W   6 APR 90  1546   60   8  5163  28.7  5230
56  94   10  5.3 S  170 14.9 W   6 APR 90  2053   56  14  5929  28.7  5111
57  95    9 29.5 S  170 12.8 W   7 APR 90   238   75  16  4515  29.0  1499
58  96    5  0.1 S  170  0.8 W   7 APR 90  2307   64  20  5413  29.1   400
58  97    5  1.5 S  170  3.7 W   8 APR 90   139   93  19  5436  29.2  1998
58  98    5  0.8 S  170  1.2 W   8 APR 90   526   80  18  5280  29.2  5481
59  99    2  0.3 S  170  0.4 W   8 APR 90  2116   66  21  5214  28.4   998
60  100   0 59.7 S  170  1.2 W   9 APR 90   244   80  18  5435  28.3  1001
61  101   0 29.9 S  170  0.4 W   9 APR 90   605   90  16  5698  28.3   999
62  102   0  0.0 S  170  1.2 W   9 APR 90   931   78  15  5342  28.1  1999
62  103   0  0.7 N  170  0.3 W   9 APR 90  1149   69  10  5324  27.8   399
63  104   0  2.0 S  169 32.3 W  11 APR 90   916   72  13  5181  28.0   501
64  105   0  0.0 S  170  0.2 W  11 APR 90  1400  105  12    -   27.9  5582
65  106   0 30.0 N  170  0.3 W  11 APR 90  1837  104  14  5285  27.8  1002
66  107   1  0.1 N  170  0.3 W  11 APR 90  2145  117  16  5316  27.8   999
67  108   2  0.3 N  170  0.9 W  12 APR 90   308   96  14  5357  27.8  1001
68  109   5  0.1 N  170  0.6 W  12 APR 90  1655   90  22  7161  28.0  1005
69  110   5 13.7 N  169 52.4 W  12 APR 90  1923   60  20  5496  28.2  1249


TABLE 2.    Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD 
            measurements.

            Code  Weather Condition
            ----  -------------------------------------------
             0    Clear (no cloud)
             1    Partly cloudy
             2    Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s)
             3    Sandstorm, dust storm, or blowing snow
             4    Fog, thick dust or haze
             5    Drizzle
             6    Rain
             7    Snow, or rain and snow mixed
             8    Shower(s)
             9    Thunderstorms



TABLE 3.    Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.

            Code  Height (meters)  Description
            ----  ---------------  --------------
             0    0                Calm-glassy
             1    0-0.1            Calm-rippled
             2    0.1-0.5          Smooth-wavelet
             3    0.5-1.25         Slight
             4    1.25-2.5         Moderate
             5    2.5-4            Rough
             6    4-6              Very rough
             7    6-9              High
             8    9-14             Very high
             9    >14              Phenomenal



TABLE 4.    Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.
    
            Code  Visibility
            ----  ------------------
             0          <50 meters
             1       50-200 meters
             2      200-500 meters
             3     500-1000 meters
             4          1-2 km
             5          2-4 km
             6         4-10 km
             7        10-20 km
             8        20-50 km
             9           50 km or more


TABLE 5.    Cloud type.

            Code  Cloud Types
            ----  ------------------
             0    Cirrus
             1    Cirrocumulus
             2    Cirrostratus
             3    Altocumulus
             4    Altostratus
             5    Nimbostratus
             6    Stratocumulus
             7    Stratus
             8    Cumulus
             9    Cumulonimbus
             x    Clouds not visible


TABLE 6.    Cloud Amount.

            Code  Cloud Amount
            ----  --------------------------------
             0    0
             1    1/10 or less but not zero
             2    2/10-3/10
             3    4/10
             4    5/10
             5    6/10
             6    7/10-8/10
             7    9/10
             8    10/10
             9    Sky obscured or not determined

