A.   CRUISE NARRATIVE:  P31
A.1. HIGHLIGHTS

                        WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

             WOCE section designation  P131
    Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  3250031_1
          Chief Scientist/affiliation  Dean Roemmich, SIO*
                                Dates  1994 JAN 25 - 1994 FEB 19
                                 Ship  RV THOMAS THOMPSON
                        Ports of call  Papeete, Tahiti to Suva, Fiji
  
                   Number of stations  91
                                                   17°28.02'S
Geographic boundaries of the stations  179°31.61'W            149°53.99'W
                                                   08°00.90'S
         Floats and drifters deployed  none
       Moorings deployed or recovered  none
  
                 Contributing Authors  M. Rosenberg  CTD DQE
                                       G. Anderson  HYD DQE
  
                     *Scripps Institution of Oceanography
               9500 Gilman Drive - MS 0230 - La Jolla  CA  92093
                Email: droemmich@ucsd.edu - Phone: 858-534-2307



PARAMETERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND PERSONNEL

At each station location a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, 
attached to a rosette water sampler with 36 ten-liter sample bottles, will be 
lowered to the ocean bottom.  The CTD will also carry an oxygen sensor.  Water 
samples collected throughout the water column will be analyzed for salinity and 
dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations, as well as for concentrations of 
geochemical tracers including carbon dioxide and chloro-fluorocarbons (freons).  
An acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) attached to the water sampler will 
provide estimates of water velocity.  Principal investigators with 
responsibility for these measurements are:

Dean Roemmich, Susan Hautala  CTD, salinity, oxygen, nutrients
    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
John Downing                  carbon dioxide
    (Battelle) 
Mark Warner                   chloro-fluorocarbons
    (University of Washington) 
Peter Hacker, Eric Firing     ADCP
    (University of Hawaii) 






FINAL CRUISE REPORT WOCE94-P31 CRUISE TRACK
(Oceanographic Data Facility [ODF])
18 July 1997

                                                              Data Submitted by:
                                                     Oceanographic Data Facility
                                             Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                                                         La Jolla, CA 92093-0214

1.   DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS
     Basic Hydrography Program

The basic WOCE94-P31 hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved 
oxygen and nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements 
made from bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts, plus pressure, temperature, 
salinity and dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles.  94 CTD/rosette casts were 
made, usually to within 10 meters of the bottom.  91 casts at Stations 1-91 
were reported as WOCE94-P31 data and 2 non-WOCE casts at Stations 101 and 102 
taken in the Samoan Passage were also reported.  Note that stations 101 and 
102 chronologically happened between stations 63 and 64.  One test cast was 
not reported.  3045 bottles were tripped resulting in 3026 usable bottles.  No 
insurmountable problems were encountered during any phase of the operation.  
The resulting data set met and in many cases exceeded WHP specifications.  The 
distribution of samples is illustrated in *Figure 1.0.0.


*FIGURE 1.0.0 WOCE94-P31 sample distribution, stations 1-91


1.1.   WATER SAMPLING PACKAGE

Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a rosette system consisting 
of a 36-bottle rosette frame (ODF), a 36-place pylon (General Oceanics 1016) 
and 36 10-liter PVC bottles (ODF). Underwater electronic components consisted 
of an ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and associated sensors, FSI 
Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) 1320, Benthos altimeter and Benthos 
pinger.  The CTD was mounted horizontally along the bottom of the rosette 
frame, with the Sensormedics dissolved oxygen sensor deployed next to the CTD.  
The altimeter provided distance-above-bottom in the CTD data stream.  The 
pinger was monitored during a cast with a precision depth recorder (PDR) in 
the ship's laboratory.  The University of Hawaii Lowered Acoustic Doppler 
Current Profiler (LADCP) was also mounted on the rosette.  The rosette system 
was suspended from a three-conductor electro-mechanical cable.  Power to the 
CTD and pylon was provided through the cable from the ship.  Separate 
conductors were used for the CTD and pylon signals.

CTD #1 was used for the entire expedition.

Each rosette cast was lowered to within 10 meters of the bottom, unless the 
bottom returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely poor. Bottles 
on the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number. Usually these 
numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36, where the first 
(deepest) bottle tripped was bottle #1.  Bottle numbers 1-36 were used on all 
casts except for stations 31-38 and 61-63, where bottle #51 replaced bottle 
#4.  Bottle 51 was a General Oceanics lever action floater bottle which was 
being tested on this expedition.

Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were 
associated with the bottle data during a cast.  Pressure, depth, temperature, 
salinity and density were immediately available to facilitate examination and 
quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and laboratory analyses 
progressed.

The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to a cast.  
All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation. The 
bottles were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked.  Upon arrival 
at station, time, position and bottom depth were logged and the deployment 
begun.  The rosette was moved into position under a projecting boom from the 
rosette room using an air-powered cart on tracks.  Two stabilizing tag lines 
were threaded through rings on the frame.  CTD sensor covers were removed and 
the pinger was turned on.  Once the CTD acquisition and control system in the 
ship's laboratory had been initiated by the console operator and the CTD and 
pylon had passed their diagnostics, the winch operator raised the package and 
extended the boom over the side of the ship.  The package was then quickly 
lowered into the water, the tag lines removed and the console operator 
notified by radio that the rosette was at the surface.

Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse of 
the launching.  Two tag lines connected to air tuggers and terminating in 
large snap hooks were manipulated on long poles by the deck watch to snag 
recovery rings on the rosette frame.  The package was then lifted out of the 
water under tension from the tag lines, the boom retracted, and the rosette 
lowered onto the cart.  Sensor covers were replaced, the pinger turned off and 
the cart with the rosette moved into the rosette room for sampling.  A 
detailed examination of the bottles and rosette occurred before samples were 
taken, and any extraordinary situations or circumstances were noted on the 
sample log for the cast.

The rosette was stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was 
not exposed to direct sunlight or wind in order to maintain the internal CTD 
temperature near ambient air temperature.

Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis.  O-rings were changed as 
necessary and bottle maintenance performed each day to insure proper closure 
and sealing.  Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or replaced as 
needed.

Initial sea-cable problems on the primary winch were traced to a bad winch-end 
wire termination.  There were some problems with end-cap O-rings coming 
unseated, resulting in leaking bottles.


1.2.   UNDERWATER ELECTRONICS PACKAGES

CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF CTD #1). The 
instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2 
channels, and additionally measured a second temperature as a calibration 
check.  Other data channels included elapsed-time, an altimeter and several 
power supply voltages.  The instrument supplied a standard 15-byte NBIS-format 
data stream at a data rate of 25 Hz.  Modifications to the instruments 
included a revised dissolved O2 sensor mounting, ODF-designed sensor interface 
for the FSI PRT, implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer channels, an 
elapsed-time channel, instrument ID in the polarity byte and power supply 
voltages channels.

Table 1.2.0 summarizes the serial numbers of the instrument and sensors used 
during WOCE94-P31.


TABLE 1.2.0 WOCE94-P31 Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers

      |       Pressure        |       Temperature       | Conductivity
  ----|-----------------------|-------------------------|-------------
  ODF |      Paine Model      |    PRT1     |   PRT2    |             
  CTD |     211-35-440-05     |  Rosemount  |    FSI    |  NBIS Model 
  ID# | strain gage/0-8850psi | Model 171BJ |    OTM    | 09035-00151 
  ----|-----------------------|-------------|-----------|-------------
   1  |        131910         |    14304    | OTM/1320T |  5902-F117  


The NBIS temperature compensation circuit on the pressure interface was 
disabled; all thermal response characteristics were modeled and corrected in 
the software.

The O2 sensor was deployed in an ODF-designed pressure-compensated holder 
assembly mounted separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by 
an underwater cable.  The O2 sensor interface was designed and built by ODF 
using an off-the-shelf 12-bit A/D converter.

Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6 inches of the 
CTD conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate coherent 
salinities.  It was used as a secondary temperature calibration reference 
rather than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating the need for 
mercury or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks.

Standard CTD maintenance procedures included soaking the conductivity and O2 
sensors in distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability.

The General Oceanics 1016 36-place pylon provided generally reliable operation 
and positive confirmation of all except 1 bottle trip attempt, which was 
successful on the second trip attempt.  The pylon emits a confirmation message 
containing its current notion of bottle trip position, an invaluable aid in 
sorting out mis-trips.


1.3.   NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY DATA ACQUISITION

Navigation data and underway bathymetry were acquired from the ship's Bathy 
2000 system until station 102 (prior to station 64).  HydroSweep center- beam 
depth was acquired on the Sun systems after the failure of the 3.5KHz 
bathymetry system.  Data were logged automatically at one-minute intervals by 
one of the Sun SPARCstations, to provide a time-series of underway position, 
course, speed and bathymetry data. These data were used for all station 
positions, PDR depths, and for bathymetry on vertical sections [Cart80].


1.4.   CTD DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEM

The CTD data acquisition, processing  and control system consisted of a Sun 
SPARCstation 2 computer workstation, ODF-built CTD deck unit, General Oceanics 
1016 pylon deck unit, CTD and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for 
real-time analog backup recording of the sea-cable signal. The Sun system 
consisted of a color display with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 
RS-232 ports, 2.5 GB disk and 8mm cartridge tape. One other Sun SPARCstation 2 
system was networked to the data acquisition system, as well as to the rest of 
the networked computers aboard the Thompson.  These systems were available for 
real-time CTD data display and provided for hydrographic data management and 
backup.  Each Sun SPARCstation was equipped with a printer and an 8-color drum 
plotter.

The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C binary 
data stream by the CTD deck unit.  This data stream was fed to the Sun 
SPARCstation.  The pylon deck unit was connected to the data acquisition 
system through a serial port, allowing the data acquisition system to initiate 
and confirm bottle trips.  A bitmapped color display provided interactive 
graphical display and control of the CTD rosette sampling system, including 
real-time raw and processed data, navigation, winch and rosette trip displays.

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the 
console watch a few minutes before each deployment.  A console operations log 
was maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every attempt to 
trip a bottle as well as any pertinent comments.  Most CTD console control 
functions, including starting the data acquisition, were initiated by pointing 
and clicking a trackball cursor on the display at icons representing functions 
to perform.  The system then presented the operator with short dialog prompts 
with automatically-generated choices that could either be accepted as defaults 
or overridden.  The operator was instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power 
supplies, then to examine a real-time CTD data display on the screen for 
stable voltages from the underwater unit.  Once this was accomplished, the 
data acquisition and processing was begun and a time and position 
automatically logged for the beginning of the cast.  A backup analog recording 
of the CTD signal was made on a VCR tape, which was started at the same time 
as the data acquisition.  A rosette trip display and pylon control window then 
popped up, giving visual confirmation that the pylon was initializing 
properly. Various plots and displays were initiated.  When all was ready, the 
console operator informed the deck watch by radio.

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console operator 
that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the computer displays), 
the console operator or watch leader provided the winch operator with a target 
depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally 60 meters/minute for this 
package.  The package then began its descent, building up to the maximum rate 
during the first few hundred meters, then continuing at a steady rate without 
any stops during the down-cast.

The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via 
interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other 
workstations on the network.  Additionally, the operator decided where to trip 
bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log.  The PDR was monitored 
to insure the bottom depth was known at all times.

The watch leader assisted the console operator when the package was ~400 
meters above the bottom by monitoring the range to the bottom using the 
distance between the rosette's pinger signal and its bottom reflection 
displayed on the PDR.  Between 100 and 60 meters above the bottom, depending 
on bottom conditions, the altimeter typically began signaling a bottom return 
on the console.  The winch and altimeter displays allowed the watch leader to 
refine the target depth relayed to the winch operator and safely approach to 
within 10 meters of the bottom.

Bottles were tripped by pointing the console trackball cursor at a graphic 
firing control and clicking a button.  The data acquisition system responded 
with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation message in a window.  
All tripping attempts were noted on the console log.  The console operator 
then directed the winch operator to the next bottle stop.  The console 
operator was also responsible for generating the sample log for the cast.

After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck 
watch to bring the rosette on deck.  Once the rosette was on deck, the console 
operator terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD, pylon and VCR 
recording.  The VCR tape was filed.  Frequently the console operator also 
brought the sample log to the rosette room and served as the sample cop.


1.5.   CTD DATA PROCESSING

ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the 
Unix operating system.  The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used 
either in real-time or with existing raw data sets to:

 o  Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign the data to 
    logical channels;
 o  Filter various channels according to specified filtering criteria;
 o  Apply sensor- or instrument-specific response-correction models;
 o  Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the output time-
    series interval; and
 o  Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format.

Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be 
manipulated in various ways.  Channels can be additionally filtered.  The 
time-series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to 
form longer time-series.  A time-series can be transformed into a pressure- 
series, or into a larger-interval time-series.  The pressure calibration 
corrections are applied during reduction of the data to time-series. 
Temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections to the series are maintained 
in separate files and are applied whenever the data are accessed.

ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real- 
time, providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and 
reporting during a cast.  The 25 Hz data from the CTD were filtered, response-
corrected and averaged to a 2 Hz (0.5-second) time-series.  Sensor correction 
and calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature, conductivity and 
O2.  Rosette trip data were extracted from this time- series in response to 
trip initiation and confirmation signals.  The calibrated 2 Hz time-series 
data were stored on disk (as were the 25 Hz raw data) and were available in 
real-time for reporting and graphical display. At the end of the cast, various 
consistency and calibration checks were performed, and a 2-decibar pressure-
series of the down-cast was generated and subsequently used for reports and 
plots.

CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were checked 
daily for potential problems.  The two PRT temperature sensors were inter-
calibrated and checked for sensor drift.  The CTD conductivity sensor was 
monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities and by deep 
T-S comparisons with adjacent stations.  The CTD O2 sensor was calibrated to 
check-sample data.

A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate 
artifacts.  Some casts were subject to noise in 1 or more channels caused by 
sea cable or slip-ring problems.  In particular, the O2 channel was subject to 
noise which was traced to moisture in the interconnect cable to the sensor.  
Intermittent noisy data were filtered out of the 2 Hz data using a spike-
removal filter.  A least-squares polynomial of specified order was fit to 
fixed-length segments of data.  Points exceeding a specified multiple of the 
residual standard deviation were replaced by the polynomial value.
Density inversions can appear in high-gradient regions.  Detailed examination 
of the raw data shows significant mixing occurring in these areas because of 
ship roll.  In order to minimize density inversions, a ship-roll filter was 
applied to all casts during pressure-sequencing to disallow pressure 
reversals.

Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by 
double-parabolic interpolation.

When the down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up- 
cast data are used instead.  CTD data from down- and up-casts are not mixed 
together in the pressure-series data because they do not represent identical 
water columns (due to ship movement, wire angles, etc.).  The 2 up-casts used 
for final WOCE94-P31 data are indicated in Appendix C.

Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention as well 
as WOCE94-P31 CTD-related comments, problems and solutions.


1.6.   CTD LABORATORY CALIBRATION PROCEDURES

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure and temperature sensors 
were used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data 
acquisition and processing software at sea.  These laboratory calibrations 
were also performed post-cruise.


*FIGURE 1.6.0 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, January 1994.
*FIGURE 1.6.1 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, March 1994.


Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF 
Calibration Facility in La Jolla.  The pre-cruise calibrations were done in 
January 1994 before the start of the WOCE94-P31 expedition, and the post- 
cruise calibrations were done in March 1994.

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled water 
bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference. Calibration data 
were measured at -.99/-.89 and 30.58/30.05° to 2 maximum loading pressures 
(1400 and 6080 db) pre-/post-cruise.  *Figures 1.6.0 and 1.6.1 summarize the 
CTD #1 laboratory pressure calibrations performed in January and March 1994.

Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the 
pressure transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects.

CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge and 
Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath.  The primary and 
secondary CTD temperatures were offset by ~1.5°C to avoid the 0-point 
discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry. Standard and PRT 
temperatures were measured at 7 or more different bath temperatures between -1 
and 32°C, both pre- and post-cruise.  *Figure 1.6.2 summarizes the laboratory 
calibration performed on the CTD #1 primary PRT during May 1993. It is 
included in this documentation because this was the actual correction applied 
during the cruise and retained during final processing.  *Figure 1.6.3 
summarizes the laboratory calibration performed on the CTD #1 primary PRT 
during January 1994.  *Figure 1.6.4 summarizes the laboratory calibration 
performed on the CTD #1 primary PRT during March 1994.


*FIGURE 1.6.2 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, May 1993.
*FIGURE 1.6.3 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, January 1994.
*FIGURE 1.6.4 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, March 1994.


Laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90 standard. 
Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during processing in order 
to calculate other parameters, including salinity and density, which are 
currently defined in terms of that standard only.  Final calibrated CTD 
temperatures are reported using the ITS-90 standard.

The post-cruise calibrations showed a maximum PRT drift of 0.0003°C and a 
pressure drift of ~1.0 decibar.


1.7.   FINAL CTD CALIBRATION PROCEDURES

A redundant sensor (FSI OTM #1320) was used on the CTD as a temperature 
calibration check while at sea.  CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were 
calibrated to in-situ check samples collected during each rosette cast.


1.7.1. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

The final pressure and temperature calibrations were determined for CTD #1 
during post-cruise processing.

A second FSI PRT sensor was deployed as the secondary temperature channel and 
compared with the primary PRT channel on all casts during this expedition to 
monitor for drift.  The response times of the sensors were first matched, then 
preliminary corrected temperatures were compared for a series of standard 
depths from each CTD down-cast.

Comparison of the two CTD #1 PRTs showed a +0.005° drift over the course of 
the cruise.  At sea, this drift was correctly attributed to the FSI PRT, given 
that the CTD salinities remained so stable.  *Figure 1.7.1.0 summarizes the 
shipboard comparison between the primary and secondary PRT channels for CTD #1.


*FIGURE 1.7.1.0 Shipboard comparison of CTD #1 primary/secondary PRT 
                temperatures, pressure>1000db.


There was a small slope change from 0-6200 db between the pre- and post- 
cruise cold "deep" pressure laboratory calibrations.  The shallow sections of 
each calibration shifted by ~-1.0 db pre- to post-cruise, while the deep 
section of the cold calibration shifted by ~-1.5 db.  This shift is smaller 
than the WOCE accuracy specification of 3 decibars so it was decided to leave 
the pre-cruise pressure calibrations, applied during the cruise, unchanged.

The laboratory calibrations for the CTD #1 primary temperature sensor (PRT1), 
showed a maximum PRT drift of 0.0003° among all 3 calibrations (May 93, 
January 94 and March 1994) and so it was decided to also leave the May 1993 
temperature calibrations, applied during the cruise, unchanged.


1.7.2. CONDUCTIVITY

The CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the bottle 
salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity.  Differences between the bottle 
and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity correction as a 
linear function of conductivity.

Cast-by-cast comparisons showed less than a .002 mmho/cm total drift in the 
conductivity sensor offset and no slope changes over the entire leg. 
Conductivity differences were fit to CTD conductivity for each WOCE94-P31 
cast, then those slopes were used to determine the mean conductivity slope. 
The mean conductivity slope correction is summarized in *figure 1.7.2.0.


*FIGURE 1.7.2.0 CTD #1 conductivity slope corrections by station number.
*FIGURE 1.7.2.1 CTD #1 conductivity offsets by station number.


After applying the conductivity slope, residual CTD #1 conductivity offset 
values were calculated.  Smoothed offsets were calculated over all deep casts 
using bottle conductivities deeper than 1500 db, then applied to each cast.  
Some offsets were manually re-adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in 
the conductivity transducer response or bottle salinities, or to maintain deep 
theta-salinity consistency from cast to cast.  *Figure 1.7.2.1 summarizes the 
final conductivity offsets by station number.

WOCE94-P31 temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are tabulated 
in Appendix A.


*FIGURE 1.7.2.2 Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction).
*FIGURE 1.7.2.3 Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).
*FIGURE 1.7.2.4 Deep salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).


*FIGURES 1.7.2.2, 1.7.2.3 and 1.7.2.4 summarize the residual differences 
         between bottle and CTD #1 salinities after applying the conductivity 
         corrections.

The CTD conductivity calibrations represent a best estimate of the 
conductivity field throughout the water column.  3-sigma from the mean 
residual in *Figures 1.7.2.3 and 1.7.2.4, or ±0.0130 PSU for all salinities and 
±0.0015 PSU for deep salinities, represents the limit of repeatability of the 
bottle salinities (Autosal, rosette, operators and samplers).  This limit 
agrees with station overlays of deep T-S.  Within a cast (a single salinometer 
run), the precision of bottle salinities appears to exceed 0.001 PSU.  The 
precision of the CTD salinities appears to exceed 0.0005 PSU.

Deep WOCE94-P31 theta-salinity properties were compared with casts at the same 
or similar locations from the GEOSECS PACIFIC ('73/'74), PCM11 ('92), and 
WOCE93-P14N ('93) cruises.  Although different Wormley standard seawater 
batches were used for salinity analyses (same standard batch for P14N and 
P31), the data sets for GEOSECS PACIFIC, P14N and P31 compared very well after 
corrections for Wormley batch-to-batch differences. However PCM11 is offset 
from P31 (~ .004 PSU more saline in deep water). It should be noted that 
another cruise, TEW ('87), was done in similar locations to PCM11.  The deep 
data for that cruise more closely match PCM11, although they are also more 
saline by about .002 PSU.  It is unknown whether or not the TEW data set 
already had a Wormley batch correction applied, but if not, that data set and 
PCM11 would very closely agree.  At this time we cannot resolve the apparent 
deep salinity offset between these 2 sets of cruises.


1.7.3. CTD DISSOLVED OXYGEN

There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the 
Sensormedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being a 
secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity. Stopping 
the rosette for as little as half a minute, or slowing down for a bottom 
approach, can cause shifts in the CTD O2 profile.  Winch stops longer than 1 
minute which may have affected CTD oxygen data are documented in Appendix C.

In addition, the sensor requires several seconds in the water before being wet 
enough to respond properly and there can be bubbles trapped upon entering the 
water column.  This typical going-in-water bubbles/noise makes it difficult to 
fit CTD O2 to the bottle data in the surface areas.  This problem is 
compounded if there are long pauses in the near-surface area. Therefore the 
usefulness of data in the top 100 decibars should be carefully considered.

Because of these problems, up-cast CTD rosette trip data cannot be optimally 
calibrated to O2 check samples.  Instead, down-cast CTD O2 data are derived by 
matching the up-cast rosette trips along isopycnal surfaces. When down-casts 
were deemed to be unusable (see Appendix C), up-cast CTD O2 data were 
processed despite the signal drop-offs typically seen at bottle stops.  The 
differences between CTD O2 data modeled from these derived values and check 
samples are then minimized using a non-linear least- squares fitting 
procedure.


*FIGURE 1.7.3.0 O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).
*FIGURE 1.7.3.1 Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).


At least two oxygen sensors were used over the length of the cruise.  *Figures 
1.7.3.0 and 1.7.3.1 show the residual differences between the corrected CTD O2 
and the bottle O2 (ml/l) for each station.

The standard deviations of 0.205 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.030 ml/l for deep 
oxygens are only intended as metrics of the goodness of the fits.  ODF makes 
no claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data.

The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and Morrison 
[Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85].  ODF does not use a digitized O2 sensor 
temperature to model the secondary thermal response but instead models membrane 
and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the PRT temperature.  In-situ 
pressure and temperature are filtered to match the sensor response.  Time-
constants for the pressure response Tau-p, and two temperature responses Tau-Ts and Tau-Tf 
are fitting parameters.  The sensor current, or Oc, gradient is approximated by 
low-pass filtering 1st- order Oc differences.  This term attempts to correct for 
reduction of species other than O2 at the cathode.  The time-constant for this 
filter, Tau-og, is a fitting parameter.  Oxygen partial-pressure is then calculated:

        Opp = [c1Oc+c2] fsat(S,T,P)e^((c3Pl+c4Tf+c5Ts+c6(dOc/dt)))     (1.7.3.0)

where:
        Opp = Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm);
         Oc = Sensor current (uamps);
fsat(S,T,P) = O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm);
          S = Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs);
          T = Temperature at O2 response-time (°C);
          P = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars);
         Pl = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars);
         Tf = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (°C);
         Ts = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (°C);
     dOc/dt = Sensor current gradient (uamps/secs).

WOCE94-P31 CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6) are tabulated in Appendix B.


1.8.   BOTTLE SAMPLING

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the 
bottles in the following order:

 o  CFCs;      o  pH;
 o  O2;        o  Nutrients;
 o  pCO2;      o  Salinity.
 o  Total CO2;  

The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette bottle 
from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for the cast.  
This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted about the 
rosette and bottles.  One member of the sampling team was designated the sample 
cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this log and insure that sampling 
progressed in proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before opening the 
air vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped.  This 
observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in 
lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample 
integrity were routinely noted on the sample log.

Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature from 
the bottle.  The temperature was noted on the sample log and was sometimes 
useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.

Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were 
distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis.  Oxygen, nutrients 
and salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC) analytical 
equipment networked to Sun SPARC stations for centralized data analysis.  The 
analysts for each specific property were responsible for insuring that their 
results were updated into the cruise database.


1.9.   BOTTLE DATA PROCESSING

The first stage of bottle data processing consisted of verifying and 
validating individual samples, and checking the sample log (the sample 
inventory) for consistency.  At this stage, bottle tripping problems were 
usually resolved, sometimes resulting in changes to the pressure, temperature 
and other CTD properties associated with the bottle.  Note that the rosette 
bottle number was the primary identification for all samples taken from the 
bottle, as well as for the CTD data associated with the bottle.  All CTD trips 
were retained (whether confirmed or not), so resolving bottle tripping 
problems simply consisted of assigning the right rosette bottle number to the 
right CTD trip level.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log were entered into the computer as part 
of the quality control procedure.  Every potential problem indicated in these 
computer files was investigated.  The data were coded with the results of the 
investigation.

The second stage of processing began once all the samples for a cast had been 
accounted for.  All samples for bottles suspected of leaking were checked to 
see if the properties were consistent with the profile for the cast, with 
adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data. All comments from 
the analysts were examined and turned into appropriate WHP water sample codes.  
Oxygen flask numbers were verified, as each flask is individually calibrated 
and significantly affects the calculated O2 concentration.

The third stage of processing continued throughout the cruise and until the 
data set was considered "final".  Various property-property plots and vertical 
sections were examined for both consistency within a cast and consistency with 
adjacent stations.  In conjunction with this process the analysts reviewed and 
sometimes revised their data as additional calibration or diagnostic results 
became available.  Assignment of a WHP water sample code to an anomalous 
sample value was typically achieved through consensus between analysts and one 
of the chief scientists.

WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned with the following additional 
interpretations:

2 |No problems noted.
3 |An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect on a sample is 
  |identified by a code of 3 on the bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen. 
  |(Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only affect gas samples.)
4 |Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth were assigned a code of 4.  
  |There may be no problems with the associated water sample data. 
9 |The samples for this bottle were not drawn.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:

1 |The sample for this measurement was drawn from a bottle, but the results of 
  |the analysis were not (yet) received.
2 |Acceptable measurement.
3 |Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the station profile or 
  |adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data comparisons).  No notes 
  |from the analyst indicated a problem.  The data could be acceptable, but are 
  |open to interpretation.
4 |Bad measurement.  Does not fit the station profile, adjacent stations or CTD 
  |data. There were analytical notes indicating a problem, but data values were 
  |reported. Sampling and analytical errors were also coded as 4.
5 |Not reported.  There should always be a reason associated with a code of 5, 
  |usually that the sample was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
9 |The sample for this measurement was not drawn.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity) 
parameter as follows:

2 |Acceptable measurement.
3 |Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the bottle data, or there was 
  |a CTD conductivity calibration shift during the up-cast.
4 |Bad measurement.  The CTD up-cast data were determined to be unusable for 
  |calculating a salinity.
8 |The CTD salinity was derived from the CTD down-cast, matched on an isopycnal surface.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2) parameter 
as follows:

2 |Acceptable measurement.
4 |Bad measurement.  The CTD data were determined to be unusable for calculating 
  |a dissolved oxygen concentration.
5 |Not reported.  The CTD data could not be reported, typically when CTD 
  |salinity is coded 3 or 4
9 |Not sampled.  No operational CTD O2 sensor was present on this cast.

Note that all CTDOXY values were derived from the pressure-series CTD data, 
typically down-casts.  CTD data were matched to the up-cast bottle data along 
isopycnal surfaces.  If the CTD salinity was footnoted as bad or questionable, 
the CTD O2 was not reported.

Table 1.9.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each WHP 
sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property:


TABLE1.9.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments.

                    Rosette Samples Stations 1-91                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------
             Reported                  WHP Quality Codes              
             levels       1        2     3      4      5     8       9
-----------||----------|----------------------------------------------
Bottle     ||  3045    |  0     3006    20      0      0     0      19
CTD Salt   ||  3045    |  0     3018     1     26      0     0       0
CTD Oxy    ||  3018    |  0     3018     0      0     27     0       0
Salinity   ||  3019    |  0     2933    58     28      7     0      19
Oxygen     ||  3020    |  0     2992     2     26      2     0      23
Silicate   ||  3024    |  0     3003     3     18      0     0      21
Nitrate    ||  3024    |  0     3006     0     18      0     0      21
Nitrite    ||  3024    |  0     3006     0     18      0     0      21
Phosphate  ||  3003    |  0     2734   251     18     21     0      21


Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are presented 
in Appendix D.


1.10.   PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURES

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the rosette 
casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at the time the 
bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data based on CTD 
laboratory calibrations.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of 
1990.


1.11.   SALINITY ANALYSIS

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate 
bottles after 3 rinses, and were sealed with custom-made plastic insert 
thimbles and Nalgene screw caps.  This assembly provides very low container 
dissolution and sample evaporation.  As loose inserts were found, they were 
replaced to insure an airtight seal.  Salinity was determined after a box of 
samples had equilibrated to laboratory temperature, usually within 8-15 hours 
of collection.  During the first week of the expedition, the salinity samples 
may not have been analyzed for up to 24 hours after collection. The draw time, 
equilibration time, and per-sample analysis time were logged.

One Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometer (55-654) was used to measure 
salinities.  The spare salinometer (57-396) was not used.  These were located 
in a temperature-controlled laboratory.  The salinometers were modified by ODF 
and contained interfaces for computer-aided measurement.  A computer (PC) 
prompted the analyst for control functions (changing sample, flushing) while 
it made continuous measurements and logged results.  The salinometer cell was 
flushed until successive readings met software criteria for consistency, then 
two successive measurements were made and averaged for a final result.

The salinometer was standardized for each cast with IAPSO Standard Seawater 
(SSW) Batch P-122, using at least one fresh vial per cast.  The estimated 
accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than 0.002 PSU 
relative to the particular Standard Seawater batch used.  PSS-78 salinity 
[UNES81] was then calculated for each sample from the measured conductivity 
ratios, and the results were merged with the cruise database.

The salinometer was set up at a bath temperature of 21°C for the first 18 
stations after which time it was changed to 24°C.

3019 salinity measurements were made and 196 vials of standard water were 
used.  Minor temperature instability of the laboratory where the salinometers 
were located was encountered.


1.12.   OXYGEN ANALYSIS

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette 
sampler was brought on board and after CFC was drawn.  Nominal 125 ml volume-
calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation, then filled 
via a drawing tube, and allowed to overflow for at least 3 flask volumes.  The 
sample temperature was measured with a small platinum resistance thermometer 
embedded in the drawing tube.  Reagents were added to fix the oxygen before 
stoppering.  The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough dispersion of the 
MnO(OH)2 precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then again after 20 
minutes.  The samples were analyzed within 4-6 hours of collection.

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated oxygen 
titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the absorption of 365 
nm wavelength ultra-violet light.  Thiosulfate was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 
buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.  ODF uses a whole-bottle modified-
Winkler titration following the technique of Carpenter [Carp65] with 
modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but with higher concentrations of 
potassium iodate standard (approximately 0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 
gm/l).  Standard solutions prepared from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals 
were run at the beginning of each session of analyses, which typically included 
from 1 to 3 stations. Several standards were made up during the cruise and 
compared to assure that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the 
possibility of a weighing error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks were 
determined to account for oxidizing or reducing materials in the reagents.  The 
auto-titrator generally performed very well.

The samples were titrated and the data logged by the PC control software. The 
data were then used to update the cruise database on the Sun SPARCstations.

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and 
corrected to 20°.  The 20° normalities and the blanks were plotted versus time 
and were reviewed for possible problems.  New thiosulfate normalities were 
recalculated after the blanks had been smoothed.  These normalities were then 
smoothed, and the oxygen data were recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram 
using the in-situ temperature.  Ideally, for whole-bottle titrations, the 
conversion temperature should be the temperature of the water issuing from the 
bottle spigot.  The sample temperatures were measured at the time the samples 
were drawn from the bottle, but were not

 used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram 
because the software was not available.  Aberrant drawing temperatures 
provided an additional flag indicating that a bottle may not have tripped 
properly.

Oxygen flasks were calibrated gravimetrically with degassed deionized water 
(DIW) to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory.  This is done 
once before using flasks for the first time and periodically thereafter when a 
suspect bottle volume is detected.  All volumetric glassware used in preparing 
standards is calibrated, as is the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense 
standard iodate solution.

Iodate standards are pre-weighed in ODF's chemistry laboratory to a nominal 
weight of 0.44xx grams.  The exact normality is calculated at sea when the 
volumetric flask volume and dilution temperature are known.  Potassium iodate 
(KIO3) is obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and is reported by the 
supplier to be > 99.4% pure.  All other reagents are "reagent grade."

3020 oxygen measurements were made.  No major problems were encountered with 
the analyses.  There were some early problems with leaks traced to tubing 
fittings.  The analyst had to borrow a flaring tool to refabricate fittings.


1.13.   NUTRIENT ANALYSIS

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml high density polypropylene, narrow 
mouth, screw-capped centrifuge tubes which were rinsed three times before 
filling.  The tubes were also rinsed with 1.2N HCl before each filling. 
Standardizations were performed at the beginning and end of each group of 
analyses (one cast, usually 36 samples) with a set of an intermediate 
concentration standard prepared for each run from secondary standards. These 
secondary standards were in turn prepared aboard ship by dilution from dry, 
pre-weighed primary standards.  Sets of 5-6 different concentrations of 
shipboard standards were analyzed periodically to determine the deviation from 
linearity as a function of concentration for each nutrient.

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed on 
an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within one hour 
of the cast.  Occasionally some samples were refrigerated at 2 to 6° for a 
maximum of 4 hours.  The methods used are described by Gordon et al. [Gord92], 
Hager et al. [Hage72], Atlas et al. [Atla71].  The colorimeter output from 
each of the four channels were digitized and logged automatically by computer 
(PC), then split into absorbence peaks.  All the runs were manually verified.

Silicate is analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67]. 
Ammonium molybdate is added to a seawater sample to produce silicomolybdic 
acid which is then reduced to silicomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following 
the addition of stannous chloride.  Tartaric acid is also added to impede PO4 
color development.  The sample is passed through a 15 mm flowcell and the 
absorbence measured at 820nm.  ODF's methodology is known to be non-linear at 
high silicate concentrations (>120 µM); a correction for this non-linearity is 
applied in ODF's software.

Modifications of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] techniques for nitrate and 
nitrite analysis are also used.  The seawater sample for nitrate analysis is 
passed through a cadmium column where the nitrate is reduced to nitrite. 
Sulfanilamide is introduced, reacting with the nitrite, then N-(1-
naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which couples to form a red azo dye.  
The reaction product is then passed through a 15 mm flowcell and the 
absorbence measured at 540 nm.  The same technique is employed for nitrite 
analysis, except the cadmium column is not present, and a 50 mm flowcell is 
used.

Phosphate is analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms 
[Bern67] technique.  Ammonium molybdate is added to the sample to produce 
phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) 
following the addition of dihydrazine sulfate.  The reaction product is heated 
to ~55° to enhance color development, then passed through a 50 mm flowcell and 
the absorbence measured at 820 nm.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from micromoles 
per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm pressure, in-situ 
salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 25°.

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, is obtained from Fluka Chemical 
Company and Fisher Scientific and is reported by the suppliers to be >98% 
pure.  Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate 
(KH2PO4) are obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier 
reports purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.

3024 nutrient analyses were performed.  The AutoAnalyzer performed well. 
However, early on, stations 5-11 had a phosphate problem due to a bad reagent.


REFERENCES

Arms67. Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The 
        measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means 
        of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea 
        Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967).
Atla71. Atlas, E. L., Hager, S. W., Gordon, L. I., and Park, P. K., "A 
        Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer(R) in Seawater 
        Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, p. 
        49, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography (1971).
Bern67. Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low 
        level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the 
        AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).
Brow78. Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity, 
        temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23, 
        Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978).
Carp65. Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the 
        Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp. 
        141-143 (1965).
Cart80. Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction 
        Tables (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service, 
        Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8 
        5UB. U.K. (1980).
Culb91. Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and 
        Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of 
        dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic 
        Programme Office (Aug 1991).
Gord92. Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., 
        "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of 
        Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint 
        Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of 
        Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992).
Hage72. Hager, S. W., Atlas, E. L., Gordon, L. D., Mantyla, A. W., and Park, 
        P. K., "A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of 
        phosphate, nitrate, and silicate," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, 
        pp. 931-937 (1972).
Mill82. Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques 
        at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD 
        Conference and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. 
        (1982).
Owen85. Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen 
        calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985).
UNES81. UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical 
        Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 
        37, p. 144 (1981).



APPENDIX A

WOCE94-P31:  CTD TEMPERATURE AND CONDUCTIVITY CORRECTIONS SUMMARY

            PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response       corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time (secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

001/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01365
002/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01368
003/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01370
004/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01372
005/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01375
006/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01377
007/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01379
008/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01382
009/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01384
010/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01386

011/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01389
012/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01391
013/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01393
014/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01396
015/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01398
016/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01400
017/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01403
018/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01405
019/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01407
020/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01410

021/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01412
022/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01414
023/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01417
024/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01419
025/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01422
026/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01424
027/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01426
028/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01429
029/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01431
030/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01433

031/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01436
032/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01438
033/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01440
034/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01443
035/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01445
036/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01447
037/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01450
038/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01452
039/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01454
040/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01457

041/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01459
042/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01461
043/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01464
044/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01466
045/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01468
046/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01471
047/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01473
048/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01476
049/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01478
050/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01480

051/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01483
052/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01485
053/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01487
054/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01490
055/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01492
056/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01494
057/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01497
058/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01499
059/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01501


            PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response       corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time (secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

060/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01504

061/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01506
062/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01508
063/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01511
101/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01511
102/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01513
064/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01513
065/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01515
066/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01518
067/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01520
068/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01522

069/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01525
070/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01527
071/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01529
072/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01532
073/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01534
074/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01387
075/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01339
076/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01341
077/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01444
078/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01546

079/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01548
080/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01551
081/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01553
082/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01555
083/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01558
084/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01560
085/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01562
086/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01565
087/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01567
088/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01569

089/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01572
090/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01574
091/01      .30      2.1836e-05  -8.7083e-04  -1.4825  5.81063e-06  -1.02299e-03  0.01576





APPENDIX B

SUMMARY OF WOCE94-P31 CTD OXYGEN TIME CONSTANTS

   
                                  |        Temperature        | Pressure | O2 Gradient
              Stations            | Fast(TauTf) | Slow(TauTs) |  (Taup)  |   (Tauog)  
   -------------------------------|-------------|-------------|----------|------------
   1-3, 7-13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, |    30.0     |    400.0    |   20.0   |    16.0    
   23, 25-30, 32-35, 37-43,       |             |             |          |            
   47-54, 57-60, 64-67, 69, 74,   |             |             |          |            
   75, 78, 81-83, 86, 89-91       |             |             |          |            
   -------------------------------|-------------|-------------|----------|------------
   4, 17, 24, 45, 46, 62, 63, 71, |    32.0     |    363.0    |   19.4   |    60.0    
   73, 76                         |             |             |          |            
   -------------------------------|-------------|-------------|----------|------------
   5, 6, 14, 19, 22, 31, 36, 44,  |    10.0     |    400.0    |   16.0   |    16.0    
   55, 56, 61, 68, 70, 72, 77,    |             |             |          |            
   79, 80, 84, 85, 87, 88         |             |             |          |            
   
   


            WOCE94-P31: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
                           (refer to Equation 1.7.3.0)

 Sta/     OcSlope       Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

001/01  6.10794e-04   1.53419e-01   9.57292e-05   4.23545e-03  -1.87935e-02   6.21885e-06
002/01  6.10794e-04   1.53419e-01   9.57292e-05   4.23545e-03  -1.87935e-02   6.21885e-06
003/01  8.91765e-04   5.34336e-02   1.03889e-04   3.45053e-03  -2.92591e-02  -3.14431e-04
004/01  8.75558e-04   3.35896e-02   1.30740e-04   2.83053e-03  -2.85068e-02   3.34791e-04
005/01  7.87388e-04   7.49877e-02   1.21083e-04   1.43864e-03  -2.43675e-02   3.69296e-05
006/01  7.91966e-04   7.39058e-02   1.18824e-04   6.50720e-03  -2.64112e-02   1.27646e-05
007/01  8.12441e-04   6.81542e-02   1.17566e-04   6.33718e-03  -2.66179e-02  -6.84325e-05
008/01  1.08212e-03  -5.17083e-02   1.44446e-04   1.04624e-03  -3.28048e-02   7.68964e-04
009/01  6.48761e-04   1.21659e-01   1.17704e-04   1.36231e-03  -1.88743e-02   1.05318e-03
010/01  1.03617e-03  -2.28091e-02   1.33047e-04   1.69951e-03  -3.09805e-02  -3.87410e-05

011/01  9.89556e-04  -4.81668e-03   1.32353e-04   4.89604e-03  -3.04782e-02  -1.18690e-05
012/01  1.20836e-03  -1.00356e-01   1.52948e-04   4.33520e-03  -3.73519e-02  -2.18134e-04
013/01  8.28893e-04   6.14208e-02   1.22072e-04   4.47389e-03  -2.64473e-02  -1.39109e-06
014/01  7.12002e-04   9.82494e-02   1.22337e-04   4.62229e-03  -2.31299e-02  -1.49965e-05
015/01  8.66230e-04   4.02245e-02   1.28943e-04   3.36951e-03  -2.67112e-02  -2.18174e-05
016/01  7.51666e-04   7.59790e-02   1.30830e-04   4.43366e-03  -2.38260e-02   2.22642e-05
017/01  8.35133e-04   5.45487e-02   1.25781e-04  -4.14808e-04  -2.39449e-02  -7.60570e-06
018/01  9.95943e-04  -1.64935e-03   1.31879e-04   6.30676e-03  -3.53809e-02   2.79633e-05
019/01  9.23951e-04   1.41047e-02   1.33051e-04  -1.45033e-03  -2.43496e-02   2.63620e-05
020/01  9.78878e-04  -1.49006e-02   1.44262e-04   4.02130e-03  -3.01228e-02   1.47716e-04

021/01  9.72238e-04   2.65003e-03   1.32986e-04   4.08644e-03  -3.23094e-02   1.85353e-05
022/01  7.83339e-04   6.70166e-02   1.27559e-04   2.00672e-03  -2.26502e-02  -6.71942e-06
023/01  1.03732e-03  -3.19868e-02   1.43210e-04   1.72666e-03  -3.05402e-02   9.26865e-06
024/01  9.04874e-04   1.96096e-02   1.34412e-04   1.23438e-02  -3.40277e-02  -1.12339e-04
025/01  8.95241e-04   2.83570e-02   1.31934e-04   1.82714e-03  -2.70774e-02  -1.05211e-05
026/01  1.18265e-03  -7.02414e-02   1.39635e-04   8.78837e-03  -4.05279e-02  -1.61044e-05
027/01  9.53597e-04   1.52372e-02   1.28375e-04   1.72020e-02  -4.13093e-02   2.61836e-06
028/01  7.42626e-04   9.11398e-02   1.17778e-04   7.26979e-03  -2.60373e-02  -3.57024e-06
029/01  8.13507e-04   7.63240e-02   1.12686e-04   1.18231e-02  -3.54048e-02  -3.14853e-05
030/01  9.01234e-04   4.21229e-02   1.12906e-04   2.35453e-03  -2.78129e-02  -3.15008e-06

031/01  1.10587e-03  -4.30597e-02   1.29619e-04  -1.29893e-03  -2.87514e-02   1.08037e-05
032/01  6.40185e-04   1.20206e-01   1.18908e-04   1.13248e-02  -2.58221e-02   3.69099e-04
033/01  6.44106e-04   1.30237e-01   1.05635e-04   1.33116e-02  -2.81024e-02   9.26303e-06
034/01  7.86121e-04   7.31146e-02   1.17905e-04   4.05807e-03  -2.50740e-02   1.99444e-03
035/01  6.73991e-04   1.14141e-01   1.12403e-04   1.07034e-02  -2.72089e-02  -1.34256e-05
036/01  7.57370e-04   7.78460e-02   1.25140e-04   5.52912e-03  -2.59748e-02   6.05625e-06
037/01  7.81469e-04   6.88680e-02   1.26026e-04   6.42016e-03  -2.67557e-02   1.37245e-06
038/01  7.63078e-04   8.19975e-02   1.20648e-04   7.45751e-03  -2.69428e-02   2.49885e-05
039/01  9.67699e-04   6.06414e-03   1.31660e-04   2.23504e-03  -2.88260e-02  -1.50161e-03
040/01  1.21456e-03  -7.25460e-02   1.32210e-04   7.59853e-04  -3.42779e-02   9.04242e-06



 Sta/     OcSlope       Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

041/01  9.10498e-04   1.13509e-02   1.39786e-04   5.19827e-03  -2.75547e-02   7.93857e-06
042/01  9.82410e-04  -4.77592e-03   1.35629e-04   1.63698e-03  -2.81105e-02   4.85789e-05
043/01  1.03158e-03  -2.02732e-02   1.37044e-04   3.60128e-03  -3.14207e-02   3.05438e-05
044/01  8.31410e-04   5.29444e-02   1.28041e-04   3.58923e-04  -2.44292e-02   1.35726e-05
045/01  9.27689e-04   2.65429e-02   1.24339e-04   4.76677e-03  -3.15064e-02   1.59162e-05
046/01  8.15747e-04   4.68693e-02   1.34642e-04  -2.70882e-03  -2.09033e-02   5.24326e-05
047/01  9.33846e-04   8.92297e-03   1.38510e-04   1.94305e-04  -2.54686e-02   2.60674e-05
048/01  1.11185e-03  -5.27496e-02   1.43328e-04  -2.09923e-03  -2.94079e-02   6.17007e-04
049/01  8.93427e-04   2.44536e-02   1.34266e-04   6.24553e-03  -2.82641e-02  -2.54065e-05
050/01  8.47820e-04   3.81733e-02   1.35847e-04  -6.53302e-03  -1.93142e-02   4.07083e-06

051/01  9.14163e-04   1.59994e-02   1.36837e-04  -4.04792e-04  -2.68395e-02   4.10790e-05
052/01  8.96641e-04   2.04602e-02   1.36968e-04   5.04682e-03  -2.81215e-02  -8.89585e-06
053/01  1.00713e-03  -1.22087e-02   1.35444e-04   6.62358e-03  -3.27867e-02   3.46041e-06
054/01  1.03019e-03  -2.37083e-02   1.38948e-04   2.37698e-04  -2.95586e-02   7.30090e-05
055/01  1.00018e-03  -1.62487e-02   1.37058e-04   7.92176e-04  -2.93374e-02   5.21999e-06
056/01  9.48703e-04  -4.45366e-03   1.40596e-04   9.07545e-03  -3.49919e-02  -5.42536e-06
057/01  9.94938e-04  -1.20535e-02   1.36084e-04   2.12826e-04  -2.72413e-02  -4.37442e-06
058/01  9.51305e-04  -4.48873e-03   1.41945e-04  -7.83406e-04  -2.66667e-02   1.27073e-06
059/01  9.52725e-04   3.52495e-03   1.34780e-04   3.98609e-03  -2.96949e-02  -3.21413e-05
060/01  1.02314e-03  -2.43931e-02   1.38951e-04   1.72724e-03  -2.91050e-02   7.09613e-06

061/01  1.02801e-03  -2.59730e-02   1.38533e-04   4.81448e-04  -2.82726e-02  -5.61772e-06
062/01  9.12178e-04   8.98292e-03   1.40148e-04   7.31833e-03  -3.01042e-02   5.07886e-05
063/01  9.19482e-04   1.10780e-02   1.36866e-04   3.52037e-03  -2.98212e-02   4.32223e-05
101/01  9.23680e-04   1.31505e-02   1.36020e-04  -1.42210e-03  -2.65788e-02  -2.18032e-05
102/01  8.73843e-04   2.64529e-02   1.38791e-04  -4.87359e-04  -2.48400e-02  -6.37009e-06
064/01  1.00724e-03  -1.23725e-02   1.37137e-04   1.30423e-03  -3.10986e-02  -2.82715e-05
065/01  9.21076e-04   1.17373e-02   1.38758e-04  -4.14355e-04  -2.62442e-02   4.16222e-05
066/01  8.47832e-04   5.09422e-02   1.21727e-04   3.09951e-03  -2.70342e-02  -5.47857e-04
067/01  9.98803e-04  -1.54176e-02   1.37630e-04  -3.19498e-03  -2.67395e-02  -2.76187e-06
068/01  7.97906e-04   5.77473e-02   1.30486e-04  -1.06666e-03  -2.25602e-02   1.45093e-05

069/01  9.87755e-04  -1.43274e-02   1.43180e-04  -1.05622e-03  -2.75633e-02  -1.79734e-06
070/01  9.03967e-04   2.04488e-02   1.34109e-04   1.85712e-03  -2.64075e-02   2.58931e-03
071/01  9.77817e-04   9.46549e-05   1.32688e-04   5.71185e-03  -3.35156e-02  -1.64437e-05
072/01  9.67558e-04  -3.23327e-03   1.40736e-04  -4.97599e-03  -2.55564e-02   2.31904e-03
073/01  8.40351e-04   3.02846e-02   1.47385e-04  -4.24923e-04  -2.60118e-02  -1.53036e-04
074/01  1.70043e-03  -4.36042e-02   1.11078e-04   9.02179e-03  -4.27803e-02  -9.32946e-06
075/01  1.57824e-03  -4.41172e-02   1.34268e-04   1.26492e-03  -3.54222e-02   2.42794e-05
076/01  1.33434e-03  -3.23606e-02   1.55111e-04   7.98396e-03  -3.37607e-02  -5.88887e-05
077/01  1.35051e-03  -8.09733e-03   1.29706e-04   4.25884e-03  -3.38899e-02   5.41412e-05
078/01  1.28072e-03  -1.01799e-02   1.37245e-04  -2.34975e-02   1.89965e-03  -5.64111e-05

079/01  1.34924e-03  -1.58629e-02   1.34151e-04   4.95123e-03  -3.29211e-02  -3.08392e-05
080/01  1.37201e-03  -2.16346e-02   1.39685e-04   5.83392e-03  -3.42664e-02  -9.86610e-06
081/01  1.44341e-03  -3.53834e-02   1.37287e-04   5.20269e-03  -3.51165e-02   4.13808e-06
082/01  1.24457e-03   2.51073e-02   1.21063e-04   3.11932e-03  -3.11532e-02   2.84150e-07
083/01  1.48006e-03  -5.08391e-02   1.41664e-04   1.07640e-03  -3.37531e-02  -3.28229e-04
084/01  1.54089e-03  -6.82107e-02   1.43193e-04   2.68106e-03  -3.56601e-02  -1.30906e-05
085/01  1.25995e-03   5.44413e-02   7.81035e-05   4.17071e-03  -3.10060e-02  -1.73968e-05
086/01  1.39145e-03   3.28507e-02   5.97387e-05   5.34880e-03  -3.63284e-02   6.34441e-06
087/01  1.18930e-03   3.28800e-02   1.06903e-04  -2.21495e-02   2.23348e-03  -3.71357e-05
088/01  8.30799e-04   1.65081e-01   6.88561e-05  -2.81239e-03  -1.56678e-02  -1.50691e-05

089/01  1.38667e-03   1.48226e-02   8.53667e-05   2.78418e-03  -3.40384e-02   7.18365e-06
090/01  8.59579e-04   2.07863e-01   1.90086e-05   1.47026e-03  -1.98218e-02   5.49714e-06
091/01  1.00065e-03   2.46397e-01  -9.52290e-05   6.12425e-06  -2.34098e-02   2.14526e-05




APPENDIX C

WOCE94-P31:  CTD PROCESSING COMMENTS


                  Key to Problem/Comment Abbreviations        
       ---|---------------------------------------------------
       OQ | bottom area ctdoxy questionable -  probably due to
          | slowdowns for bottom approach                     
       OS | surface ctdoxy fit questionable                   
       SS | probable sea slime on conductivity sensor         


                  Key to Solution/Action Abbreviations        
       ---|---------------------------------------------------
       DO | despiked oxygen                                   
       NA | no action taken                                   
       O3 | quality code 3 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures  
          | specified                                         
       O4 | quality code 4 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures  
          | specified                                         
       UP | used up-cast data for final pressure-series data  



   Cast   |  Problem/Comment              |   Solution/Action        
   -------| ------------------------------| -------------------------
   998/01 | test cast                     | cast not processed nor   
          |                               | reported                 
   001/01 | could not get ctdoxy to fit   | used ctdoxy coefficients 
          |                               | from 002/01              
          | 1.2 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
   002/01 | 1.7 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
          | ctdoxy offset                 | O3 2540-2640db           
          | OQ                            | O3 2666-2680db           
   003/01 | 1.4 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
   004/01 | 2.6 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
          | 1.2 min stop 1472 db          | O3 1470-1750db           
   005/01 | OQ                            | O3 3980-4032db           
   007/01 | 1.4 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
   008/01 | OQ                            | O3 4180-4240db           
   009/01 | poor ctdoxy fit 2600-3100db   | NA                       
          | but upcast showed a lot of    |                          
          | structure in that area        |                          
          | OQ                            | O3 4390-4510db,          
          |                               | 4540-4566db              
   010/01 | OQ                            | O3 4440-4492db           
   011/01 | 2.1 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
          | OQ                            | O3 4760-4820db           
   012/01 | ctdoxy bad section            | DO 170-225 db, O3        
          |                               | 166-244db                
          | OQ                            | O3 4560-4650db           
   013/01 | ctdoxy bad section            | DO 210-242 db, O3        
          |                               | 210-242db                
          | OQ                            | O3 4240-4280db,          
          |                               | 4350-4430db              
   015/01 | OQ                            | O3 4850-4934db           
   016/01 | OQ                            | O3 4670-4730db,          
          |                               | 4940-4986db              
   017/01 | OQ                            | O3 5150-5190db           
   018/01 | 7.0 min stop 212 db           | O3 200-350db             
   020/01 | 1.4 min stop 632 db           | O3 630-660db             
          | OQ                            | O3 5140-5200db           
   021/01 | 1.2 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
          | 6.0 min. stop  at 160 db      | NA                       
          | OQ                            | O3 5330-5380db           
   023/01 | ctdoxy cutouts 194-194 db     | DO 150-206 db            
          | 1.2 min stop 716 db           | O3 710-820db             



   Cast    Problem/Comment                Solution/Action          
   -------| ------------------------------| -------------------------
          | OQ                            | O3 5580-5710db,          
          |                               | 5760-5860db              
   024/01 | oxy cutouts 114-232 db -      | O3 0-104db,O4            
          | couldn't despike              | 106-260db,O3 262-270db   
   025/01 | ctdoxy bad section            | DO 65-105 db,O3 0-50db   
   026/01 | 7.8 min stop 180 db           | DO 110-210 db, O3 0-280db
          | ctdoxy area looks suspicious  | O3 340-360db             
          | on ctdoxy overlays            |                          
   027/01 | ctdoxy bad sections           | DO 70-95 & 110-120 db    
          | 4.1 min stop 300 db           | O3 300-326db             
          | OQ                            | O3 4760-4880db           
   028/01 | 7.0 min stop 102 db           | DO 120-190 db, O3        
          |                               | 90-150db                 
   029/01 | 8.5 min stop 202 db           | DO 170-200 db, O3 0-270db
   031/01 | 1.6 min. stop at 10 db        | NA                       
   033/01 | ctdoxy area looks suspicious  | O3 620-670db             
          | on ctdoxy overlays            |                          
   034/01 | OS                            | O3 0-100db               
   035/01 | ctdoxy bad section            | DO 70-200 db, O3 0-110db 
   036/01 | oxy cutouts 118-136 db        | DO 60-140 db             
          | OQ                            | O3 4110-4134db           
   039/01 | OQ                            | O3 5040-5090db           
   040/01 | OQ                            | O3 4736-4820db           
   041/01 | ctdoxy area looks suspicious  | O3 90-200db              
          | on ctdoxy overlays            |                          
   043/01 | 1.9 min. stop at 948 db       | NA                       
   046/01 | OS                            | O3 0-100db               
   050/01 | conductivity offset           | offset salinity +.006    
          |                               | 1842-1890 db             
   051/01 | conductivity dropouts         | despiked conductivity    
          |                               | 4646-4700 db             
          | 3.1 min. stop at 4700 db      | NA                       
   054/01 | OS                            | O3 0-90db                
          | 1.6 min. stop at 1108 db      | NA                       
          | OQ                            | O3 5196-5250db           
   056/01 | ctdoxy bad section            | DO 20-50 db              
          | 3.8 min stop 372 db           | O3 340-380db             
          | "low" ctdoxy bulge approx.    | NA                       
          | 2000 db is feature on both    |                          
          | dn+up casts                   |                          
   057/01 | OQ                            | O3 5150-5258db           
   058/01 | ctdoxy cutout at 38 db        | DO 10-60 db, O3 0-80db   
          | conductivity offset           | offset salinity +.003    
          |                               | 4110-4122 db             
   059/01 | "high" ctdoxy bulge approx.   | NA                       
          | 600 db is feature on both     |                          
          | dn+up casts                   |                          
   060/01 | similar deep ctdoxy structure | NA                       
          | on both dn+up casts           |                          
   061/01 | ctdoxy drop-off               | O3 4170-4220db           
          | OQ                            | O3 4336-4362db           
   063/01 | 1.3 min. stop at 2 db         | NA                       
   101/01 | Samoa Passage station (non-   | NA                       
          | WOCE cast)                    |                          
          | OQ                            | O3 5080-5320db           
   102/01 | Samoa Passage station (non-   | NA                       
          | WOCE cast)                    |                          
          | OQ                            | O3 4950-5022db           
   065/01 | OS                            | O3 0-70db                
          | OQ                            | O3 3830-3850db           
   066/01 | 1.0 min. stop at 3 db         | NA                       
          | O2 sensor possibly fouled?    | O3 3406-3452db           
          | OQ                            | O3 3480-3510db           
   068/01 | 4.2 min. stop at 3 db         | NA                       
   071/01 | features approx. 800 & 2000   | NA                       
          | db on both dn+up casts        |                          
   072/01 | ctdoxy bad section 0-130 db;  | O4 0-130db               
          | oxy cutouts top 108 db        |                          
          | features approx. 600 & 1800   | NA                       
          | db on both dn+up casts        |                          



   Cast    Problem/Comment                Solution/Action          
   -------| ------------------------------| -------------------------
          | OQ                            | O3 4160-4240db           
   073/01 | ctdoxy bad section 0-190 db;  | O4 0-180db, O3 182-200db 
          | oxy cutouts top 168 db        |                          
          | 1.6 min stop 578 db - ctdoxy  | NA                       
          | fit all right, though not     |                          
          | great                         |                          
   074/01 | new CTD O2 sensor             | NA                       
          | oxy cutouts 1714-2006 db      | DO 1660-2100 db          
          | OQ                            | O3 4100-4120db           
   075/01 | new CTD O2 sensor             | NA                       
   078/01 | conductivity offset approx.   | UP                       
          | 900 db down                   |                          
          | OQ                            | O3 3330-3384db           
   079/01 | feature approx. 800 db on     | NA                       
          | both dn+up casts              |                          
   080/01 | a lot of structure 400-1400   | NA                       
          | db on both dn+up casts        |                          
          | OQ                            | O3 4012-4018db           
   081/01 | OQ                            | O3 3870-3944db           
   086/01 | OQ                            | O3 1600-1636db           
   087/01 | 300 db yo-yo near surface on  | UP                       
          | down cast (ADCP experiment))  |                          
   088/01 | OQ                            | O3 2600-2618db           
   089/01 | SS                            | despiked temperature &   
          |                               | conductivity 8-10 db     
          | OQ                            | O3 2206-2216db           
   091/01 | OQ                            | O3 1416-1456db           




APPENDIX D

WOCE94-P31:  BOTTLE QUALITY COMMENTS


Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI data comments, and WOCE
codes other than 2 from WOCE P31 TN031.  Investigation of data may include
comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review of data
plots of the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading of
charts (i.e., nutrients).  Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of
ODF's investigations are included in this report.  Units stated in these
comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for
salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and
micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, and Phosphate.  The first
number before the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the
bottle number (BTLNBR).

STATION 001

114            Delta-S at 46db is -0.0248.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, sometimes indicating a problem
               with the samples.  Variation in CTD salinity uptrace at this
               sampling point, because the package has stopped to trip a
               bottle.  Footnote CTD salinity questionable, value is
               probably good on its own merit just not to compare with the
               bottle data.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity
               is coded bad.

101            Sample log: "Probably contaminated with air because of
               delays with thermometers." Bottle o2 looks good compared to
               CTDO and subsequent stations.

STATION 002

123            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated."  Delta-S at 13db is
               0.003 high.  Other water samples also look ok.

121            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated."  Delta-S at 105db is
               0.007.  Other water samples also look ok.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 2666 to
               2680 db."

101-104        Nutrients: "Reran 1-5 for PO4 but all unreadable."  Footnote
               PO4 lost.

STATION 003

108            Delta-S at 2008db is -0.0027.  Salinity is also a little low
               compared with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

STATION 004

Cast 1         Nutrients: "PO4, dipper probe not quite adjusted-have to
               help it at each tube advance."  Some PO4 data lost and not
               reported.

129-133        See Cast 1 PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 lost.

120            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 1470 to
               1750 db."

110-121        See Cast 1 PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 lost.

105            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring."  Assume bottom o-ring out of
               groove.  Delta-S at 3530db is 0.0128.  Nutrients also
               indicate leak.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

STATION 005

Cast 1         PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).

135            On 9406, chemist (RVS) flagged oxygen flask 958 because it
               had a bad stopper fit. The old flask volume of 134.59 was
               used for this cruise and oxygen is acceptable.

121            Sample log: "Air leak, vent not tight enough" Delta-S at
               1406db is 0.000.  Other water samples also ok.

121-136        See Cast 1 PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 questionable.

120            Sample log: "o-ring out, top".  Delta-S at 1606db is 0.209.
               Other water samples also indicate leak.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, all samples bad.

115            Hydro o2 appears 0.16 high at 2614db. Other water samples
               ok. This o2 run aborted after sample 118 due dosimat bubble
               problem. May have affected this sample.  Footnote O2 bad.

102            Hydro o2 appears 0.05 high at 3929db. Other water samples
               ok. This o2 run aborted after sample 118 due dosimat bubble
               problem. May have affected this sample.  Footnote O2 bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 3980 to
               4032 db."

101-119        See Cast 1 PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 questionable.

STATION 006

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.

STATION 007

109            Delta-S at 3329db is -0.003.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Salinity also appears low compared with
               adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.

STATION 008

Cast 1         There appears to be a salinity operator error.  Operator
               accepted that there was a drift.  When in fact, it appears
               that the ending Standard Seawater was bad.  Corrected file
               to have no drift and data is acceptable.

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4180 to
               4240 db."

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.

STATION 009

133            Sample log: "Air leak, vent not tight" Delta-S .004 low.
               Other water samples also look ok.

125            Oxygen lost, problem with computer files and sample could
               not be saved.

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4390 to
               4510 db."

101            Delta-S at 4565db is 0.0033.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Also higher than adjoining stations. Other samples
               appear to be okay.  Footnote salinity questionable.  CTD
               data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4540 to 4566
               db."

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.

STATION 010

105            Salinity: "Sample lost due to salinometer problems."

104            Salinity: "Sample lost due to salinometer problems."

103            Salinity a little low compared with CTD and adjoining
               stations.  Delta-S at 4344db is -0.0018. Not within
               precision of other salinities.  Analyst had a problem with
               the autosal on the next couple of samples, perhaps this was
               affected too.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4440 to
               4492 db."

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  See Cast 1
               PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 questionable.

STATION 011

131            Delta-S 1.97 low at 3-4db. No notes.  Other water samples
               ok.  Appears wrong suppression setting used on Autosal run.
               Assume 2.01454 2cr vs 1.91454 2cr gives Delta-S at 305db is
               -0.0095 in high gradient.

101-136        PO4s questionable due to bad reagent (PO4 Moly).  Footnote
               PO4 questionable.

STATION 012

132            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable  166 to
               244 db."

103            Delta-S at 4429db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics indicate
               3 tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4560 to
               4650 db."

STATION 013

Cast 1         Sample log: "Appeared to be no bottles open at surface, but
               pylon between number 36 & number 1.  Problem likely between
               21 & 22.  lots of dead critter on bottles & inside caught on
               lanyard." Had computer problems during surface trip.
               Surface bottle at 2.5db.  Data look ok.  It appears that
               bottle was eventually tripped at the surface.  The data does
               not indicate that any of the other bottles tripped
               prematurely or late.

103            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4240 to
               4280 db."  Delta-S at 4243db is -0.002.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4350 to
               4430 db."

STATION 014

Cast 1         There appears to be a salinity operator error.  Probably a
               bad beginning standardization.  Applied a +0.00019
               conductivity corrected to all salinity values, accepted no
               drift and data is acceptable.

106            Sample log: "Leaking from spigot before vent opened."
               Delta-S .001 high. Other water samples also look ok.

STATION 015

101-102        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4850 to
               4934 db."

STATION 016

106            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated."  Delta-S at 4545db is
               0.002.  Oxygen appears .02 high tho CTDO has inversions this
               level.  PO4 & SIL appear slightly low.  CTD Processor also
               indicated that this salinity was high.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4940 to
               4986 db."

101            Delta-S at 5017db is 0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Salinity is high compared with
               adjoining stations vs. potemp.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

STATION 017

131            Salinity: "Analyst couldn't get 2 results near enough to one
               another before running out of sample, no salinity value to
               report."

123            Delta-S at 2009db is -0.0034.  No Autosal diagnostics
               indicating a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

111            Delta-S at 4142db is -0.0023.  No Autosal diagnostics
               indicating a problem.  Accept salinity as is.

101            Delta-S at 5198db is 0.0029.  No Autosal diagnostics
               indicating a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 018

Cast 1         There appears to be a salinity operator error.  Operator
               accepted that there was a drift.  When in fact, it appears
               that the ending Standard Seawater was bad.  Corrected file
               to have no drift and data is better.  Analyst (non-ODF
               personnel) still had other problems.  Salinity analyst:
               "Temperature in lab fluctuating between 19.5 and 23 deg C
               during measurement the entire measurement period. I ran out
               of samples on 13, 25 and 31 before getting an agreeable
               measurement.

131            Salinity:"Analyst ran out of sample before getting an
               agreeable measurement."  Salinity not reported.

131-132        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable  200 to
               350 db."

125            Salinity:"Analyst ran out of sample before getting an
               agreeable measurement."  Salinity not reported.

113            Salinity:"Analyst ran out of sample before getting an
               agreeable measurement."  Salinity not reported.

109            Delta-S at 4339db is -0.0032.  Salinity lower than adjoining
               stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Delta-S at 5178db is 0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  High compared with adjoining stations
               at the same potemp.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 019

116            Delta-S at 3633db is 0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Does not agree with adjoining stations.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 020

122            Delta-S at 2263db is 0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Also higher than adjoining stations.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

116            Delta-S at 3633db is 0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Also higher than adjoining stations.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

113            Delta-S at 3935db is 0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Also higher than adjoining stations.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

112            Delta-S at 4035db is 0.0029.  Autosal diagnostics reports 3
               tries before getting a good reading, indicating a possible
               problem with the sample.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 022

136            Sample log: "Lanyard broke on 36, but was seen to close at
               the surface."  Delta-S at 2db is -0.0002 at 2db.  Other
               water samples also ok.  None 940209/dm

131            Delta-S at 306db is -0.0365.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

128            CTD processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 710 to 820
               db."

105            Delta-S at 4748db is -0.0024.  Autosal diagnostics indicate
               3 tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 023

136            Sample log: "bottom o-ring leaking" Delta-S .003 high at
               3db. Other water samples also ok.

128            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable  710 to
               820 db."

116            Sample log: "top o-ring in the bottle."  Delta-S at 3634db
               is 0.0027.  Other water samples look ok.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

114            Delta-S at 4041db is 0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

103            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 5580 to
               5710 db."

102            Sample log:"Bottom oring leaking" No water samples drawn.
               CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 5760 to
               5860 db."

STATION 024

136-134        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable  0 to
               104 db.

134            Delta-S at 57db is -0.1313.  Appears that salinity was drawn
               from bottle 35.  Footnote salinity bad.

132            Delta-S at 205db is -0.048.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

132-133        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values bad  106 to 260 db."
               Couldn't despike CTDoxy."

115            Delta-S at 3830db is 0.0033.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

114            Top lanyard broken. Data indicates bottle closed about 300m
               deeper than intended.  Delta-S at 3932db is 0.0064.
               Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

STATION 025

135-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 50
               db."

101            Bottom end cap hung up on pinger. No water.  Footnote no
               samples drawn.

STATION 026

134            Delta-S at 56db is -0.0535.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

132-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 280
               db."

STATION 027

135            Bottom o-ring leaking. No water samples drawn.

131            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 300 to
               326 db."

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4760 to
               4880 db."

STATION 028

133            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 90 to
               150 db."

117            Sample log: "lanyard caught top end cap" Delta-S at 2307db
               is 0.0471.  O2 & nuts also indicate leak.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, all samples bad.

113            Delta-S at 2709db is 0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  High compared with adjoining stations.
               Could be a drawing error.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 029

120            Sample log: "Spigot leaking."  Delta-S at 204db is -0.0289.
               Other water samples ok. High CTD S & T gradient.

120-124        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 270
               db."

118            Sample log: "Spigot leaking" Delta-S at 404db is -0.0003.
               Other water samples also ok.

110            Sample log: "o-ring(top)."  Delta-S at 1606db is 0.053.
               Other water samples also indicate bottle leaked.  Footnote
               bottle leaking, all samples bad.

STATION 031

151            G.O. Floater bottle on in place of NB number 4.  Safety not
               released. No water samples.

STATION 032

123            Delta-S at 56db is -0.1015.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

151            Delta-S at 2328db is 0.0026.  This bottle may have had a
               slight leak.  This was a "floater" bottle test, and had some
               problems.  Other samples agree within specs of the
               measurements, so will accept data, except salinity.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 033

119            Sample log: "Lanyard stuck in top end cap."  Delta-S at
               508db is 0.1641.  Oxygen, nitrate & phosphate also indicate
               leak.  Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

151            Sample log: "Lanyard never released from pylon (closed
               early?)." Assume cable slipped at wing nut bolt and bottle
               closed on way down.  Delta-S at 2432db is -0.0064.  Oxygen &
               silicate also indicate water from higher in column.
               Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

STATION 034

125            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated. Lid clearly cocked open"
               No water samples taken per sample log. However salinity was
               run and gives Delta-S -0.0095.  No oxygen or nutrients were
               run.  Footnote bottle leaking, salinity bad.

125-127        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 100
               db."

110            Delta-S at 2226db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics indicate
               3 tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

109            Delta-S at 2327db is -0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics indicate
               4 tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

151            Sample log: "4 lid opened before sampling" Not sure what
               this means, cannot open top lid of lever action bottle
               without opening bottom. Maybe air vent?  Delta-S .001 low.
               Other water samples also appear slightly low.  Delta-S at
               2732db is -0.0019.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

102            Delta-S at 2937db is -0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 035

130-133        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 110
               db."

127            Sample log:"Bottom o-ring out" No samples drawn.

151            Sample log:"Sample bottle valve open" Delta-S at 3143db is
               -0.0096.  Oxygen and silicate also indicate leak.  Footnote
               bottle leaking, all samples bad.

STATION 036

128            Oxygen appears 0.2 high at 507db compared to CTDO trace.
               Same value as 127 but both higher than CTDO.  Footnote
               oxygen bad.

127            Oxygen appears 0.1 high at 608db compared to CTDO trace.
               Same value as 128 but both higher than CTDO.  Footnote
               oxygen bad.

126            Delta-S at 709db is 0.0551.  Autosal run ok.  Other water
               samples ok. No notes. Same value as 128, 2 levels above.
               Normal CTD S gradient. Possible dupe draw.  Footnote
               salinity bad.

125            Oxygen appears 0.1 high at 810db compared to CTDO trace.
               Same value as 124 below. Calc ok. Possible dupe draw.
               Footnote oxygen bad.

119            Oxygen appears 0.05 high at 1822db compared to CTDO trace.
               Same value as 118 below. Calc ok. Possible dupe draw.
               Footnote oxygen bad.

114            Delta-S at 2838db is 0.0037.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

108            Delta-S at 3553db is -0.0010.  Autosal run ok.  Other water
               samples ok. No notes. Same value as 109, one level above.
               Normal CTD S gradient. Possible dupe draw.  Salinity is
               acceptable.

151            Delta-S at 3860db is 0.0016.  Salinity is acceptable.
               Duplicate trip with bottle 05, agreement is acceptable.

STATION 037

130            Sample log: "Leaking, top o-ring."  Delta-S at 11db is
               0.0037 high.  Other water samples also look ok in mixed
               layer.

151            Delta-S at 3143db is 0.0035.  This was a "floater" bottle
               test, and had some problems.  Data does not agree with
               duplicate trip bottle 05.  Footnote bottle leaking and
               samples bad.

STATION 038

131            Delta-S 1.97 low at 306db. No notes.  Other water samples
               ok.  Appears wrong suppression setting used on Autosal run.
               Assume 2.00479 2cr vs 1.90479 2cr gives Delta-S at 306db is
               -0.0059 high gradient.

STATION 039

136            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring out"  Salt & nutrients only since
               surface bottle.  No freon, o2 or CO2.  Delta-S at 4db is
               0.0029.  Nutrients also ok.

134            Delta-S at 56db is -0.0795.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

133            Delta-S at 106db is -0.0289.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

132            Delta-S at 206db is -0.0619.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

130            Sample log: "Top o-ring out" No samples drawn.

104            Sample log: "Air vent open" Delta-S at 4782db is 0.0006.
               NO3 .03 low, peak good.  Oxygen and other nutrients ok.

STATION 040

136            Delta-S at 3db is 0.0621.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

134            Delta-S at 56db is -0.1249.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

110            Bottle oxygen appears 0.05 low at 3860db. Same value as 111
               above. Other water samples have normal gradient.  Titration
               & calc ok. Possible dupe draw.  Footnote oxygen bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4736 to
               4820 db."

STATION 041

136            Delta-S at 3db is -0.0337.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

134            Delta-S at 57db is 0.1891.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

133            Delta-S at 107db is 0.0327.  Thermocline, salinity agrees
               with adjoining stations.  CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen
               values questionable 90 to 200 db.  Looks suspicious as per
               overlays."

STATION 043

115            Sample log: "Leak on bottom end cap, reseated" Delta-S at
               1416db is 0.0015.  Other water samples also look ok.

STATION 044

115            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring out" No water samples.

110            Delta-S at 2836db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 045

127            Sample log: "Top o-ring not seated." No water samples drawn.

113            Delta-S at 2422db is 0.0036.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

112            Delta-S at 2629db is 0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

107            Delta-S at 3124db is 0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 046

131-133        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 100
               db."

128            Delta-S at 308db is -0.0333.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

STATION 048

128            Delta-S .039 high at 604db. Autosal run ok.  Normal CTD S
               gradient. Other water samples ok. No notes.  Value .002
               lower than 129 salinity in bottle above.  Probably draw or
               run order error. See 127 & 126 below.  Salt bottle 28 gives
               Delta-S .0005 for NB 29.  Salt bottle 27 gives Delta-S .0001
               for NB 28.  Assume salt btl 28 is 2nd draw or run for 129
               and salt btl run  27 is for NB 28.  Delta-S at 604db is
               -0.0006.

127            Delta-S .015 high at 702db. Autosal run ok.  Normal CTD S
               gradient. Other water samples ok. No notes.  Probably draw
               of run order error. See 128 & 126 quality notes. Salt bottle
               26 gives Delta-S .0001 for NB 27.  Used Salt 26 for bottle
               27.  Delta-S at 702db is -0.0001.

126            Delta-S .003 high at 798db-preliminary data.  Autosal
               diagnostics indicate 3 tries for average but problems with
               127 & 128 indicate out of order draw or run problem may
               affect 126 salt also.  Assume salt run number 26 is for NB
               number 27 and no bottle salt for sample 126.

116            Delta-S at 2627db is 0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 051

Cast 1         It appears that the salinity lab temperature was changing.
               That could account for the fluctuation in the salinity
               samples.  But not confident with this scenerio.  The
               difference was 3.3 degrees in an hour and a half.  If
               salinity is questionable, the lab temperature could be the
               reason.

124            Sample log: "Lanyard unhooked at bottom, however bottle
               appears to have closed."  Delta-S at 1264db is 0.000.  Other
               water samples also ok.

123            Delta-S at 1518db is -0.0030.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

117            Delta-S at 3032db is -0.0022.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

115            Delta-S at 3451db is -0.0023.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

111            Delta-S at 3856db is -0.0031.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

110            Delta-S at 3957db is -0.0029.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

109            Delta-S at 4058db is -0.0036.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Delta-S at 4465db is -0.0023.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 4533db is -0.0021.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Delta-S at 4644db is -0.0024.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Delta-S at 4701db is -0.0021.  Salinity also lower compared
               with adjoining stations.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 052

131            Sample log: "Leaks from bottom end cap when air vent open."
               No water samples taken.

123            Hydro o2 appears .02 low at 1772db compared to adjacent.
               stations. Calc ok. No notes. Same value as 124 at level
               above. CTDO shows normal gradient. Possible dupe draw.
               Footnote oxygen bad.

120            No confirm on 1st trip attempt. Tripped from diagnostic
               file.  Two extra trips on original B file.

101            Hydro o2 appears .06 low at 4732db. One freon only drawn
               before oxygen. Other water samples ok. Possibly thio tip not
               rinsed after flush on first sample.  Footnote oxygen
               questionable.

STATION 053

114            Delta-S at 4042db is 0.0071.  Other water samples also
               indicate 14 closed early, near 12 level at 4195db. No notes.
               Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

110            Sil inversion not seen in other properties.  Footnote SiO3
               questionable.

109            Sil inversion not seen in other properties.  Footnote SiO3
               questionable.

108            Sil inversion not seen in other properties.  Footnote SiO3
               questionable.

STATION 054

134-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 90
               db."

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 5196 to
               5250 db."

STATION 055

135            Sample log: "Leaky bottom o-ring." No samples drawn.

134            Delta-S at 57db is -0.0635.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

131            Delta-S at 308db is -0.0286.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

STATION 056

123            CTD data processor: "Low CTDoxy bulge approx. 2000 db is
               feature dn+up casts."

103            Delta-S at 5074db is -0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 057

116            Sample log: "leaking out bottom?" After air vent opened
               water dripped from bottom end cap.  Delta-S at 3964db is
               0.0026.  Oxygen ~0.04 low & PO4 look ok, but NO3 ~0.5 high
               and Sil ~2.0 high.  Both NO3 & Sil are same as 117 at level
               above.  Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

106            Delta-S at 4785db is 0.0074.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 5
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               sample.  Other water samples ok.  Possible salt crystal
               contamination from cap.  Footnote salinity bad.

101-102        CTD procewssor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 5150 to 5258
               db."

STATION 058

134-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 80
               db."

129            CTD data processor: "High CTDoxy bulge approx. 600 db is
               feature on dn+up casts.

115            Delta-S at 3642db is -0.0034.  Salinity: "This one dropped
               with each rinse, no reason."  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

STATION 059

Cast 1         Suspect bad vial of wormley at beginning of run.  Applied
               +0.00011 to all conductivity ratios, which is ~0.002. Data
               is much better on deep samples, but mid-water samples still
               have a lower precision.  Accept salinity values.

135            Delta-S at 16db is -0.0351.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

134            Delta-S at 56db is -0.0615.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

133            Sample log: "Top o-ring" out of groove. No samples drawn.

132            Delta-S at 207db is -0.0297.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

128            Delta-S at 810db is 0.0146.  Autosal run ok.  Same value as
               127 below. Normal CTD S gradient. Other water samples ok. No
               notes. Probable dupe draw or run.  Footnote salinity bad.

125            Sample log: "Stopcock o-ring" Drain valve closes by water
               pressure, won't stay open by itself.  Delta-S -0.0013 at
               1512db. Other water samples also look ok.

102            Delta-S at 4967db is -0.002.  Bottle oxygen appears .02 low.
               Calc & titration ok. Smooth CTDO trace. One freon and TWO
               CCl4s drawn before oxygen. Other water samples ok.  Within
               WOCE standards, footnote oxygen acceptable.

STATION 060

134            Delta-S at 56db is 0.032.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

101            Hydro oxygen .05 lower than level above. Other water samples
               have normal gradient. One freon & one CCl4 drawn before
               oxygen. Possibly thio tip not rinsed after flush before
               first sample. 102 oxygen may be high and also possible
               samples switched ??. Both samples very near western boundary
               of Samoan Passage.  Agrees with CTDO, difference within WOCE
               standards, oxygen is acceptable.

STATION 061

134            Delta-S at 56db is 0.1292.  Salinity is acceptable.  Spike
               in CTD trace. Footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is
               calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

151            Sample log: "Top vent not closed properly" No samples drawn.
               CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4170 to
               4220 db."

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4336 to
               4362 db."

STATION 062

151            Floater stuck to top end cap after air vent unscrewed.  Need
               to push air vent against floater to free it.  All samples
               drawn with floater still attached to top end cap.  Samples
               agree with duplicate trip (bottle 05).  Operator error on
               oxygen titration. No oxygen data obtained.  Code oxygen
               lost.

STATION 063

113            Delta-S at 3143db is 0.0064.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples ok. No notes.  Footnote salinity bad.

106            Delta-S at 3885db is 0.0021.  6 Autosal runs to get
               agreement.  This is comparison bottle for floater bottle
               draw down test.  Forgot to trip 2 bottles at NB 51 level so
               lowered rosette after NB 5 tripped to get NB 6 at same depth
               as NB 51.  Other water samples ok. NB 51 Delta-S .001 high
               at 3882db.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 101

123            Delta-S at 2027db is -0.0032.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

116            Delta-S at 3645db 0.0012.  Autosal run ok.  Other water
               samples & CTD S have normal gradient.  Same value as 115

               below. Same bottles as Sta 102 salt irregularity.  Salinity
               is acceptable.

115            Delta-S at 3852db is -0.0023.  Autosal run ok.  Other water
               samples & CTD S have normal gradient.  Same value as 116
               above. Same bottles as Sta 102 salt irregularity.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

113            Delta-S at 4058db is -0.0632.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples also indicate leak or closed near 400db.  No notes.
               Nothing obviously wrong with bottle.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, all samples bad.

110            Delta-S at 4362db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101-103        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 5080 to
               5320 db."

STATION 102

133            Delta-S at 108db is 0.8826.  Value close (.007 higher) than
               mixed layer values but CTD S and all other parameters well
               into thermocline at this level. Autosal run ok.  Assume draw
               or run error.  Footnote salinity bad.

132            Delta-S at 208db is -0.1061.  3 Autosal runs for agreement.
               High gradient. Probably ok.  Footnote salinity questionable.

115            Delta-S at 3658db is 0.0038.  Autosal run ok.  Same value as
               114 & 113 below. CTD S & other parameters have normal
               gradient this level.  Possible dupe draw or run of 113.
               Footnote salinity bad.

114            Delta-S at 3760db is 0.0016.  Autosal run ok.  Same value as
               114 & 113 below. CTD S & other parameters have normal
               gradient this level.  Possible dupe draw or run of 113.
               Footnote salinity bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4950 to
               5022 db."

STATION 064

131            Delta-S at 108db is -0.0343.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

130            Delta-S at 208db is 0.0235.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

129            Delta-S at 308db is 0.0276.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

STATION 065

133            Sample log: "Leaker, no obvious reason. top o-ring?"  Air
               leak, top end cap wobbly, possibly o-ring partly out of
               groove. Surface bottle.  Delta-S at 4db is 0.0012. Other
               water samples also okay.

131-133        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 0 to 70
               db."

102            Delta-S at 3808db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 066

102            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 3406 to
               3510 db.  O2 sensor possibly fouled."

STATION 067

131            Sample log: "bottom 0-ring, leaker" No samples drawn.

STATION 068

131            Sample log: "Leaking, top o-ring" No samples drawn.

STATION 070

131            Sample log: "Top not seated, o-ring out." No water samples.

106            Delta-S at 3443db is 0.0031.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 071

131            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring" No samples drawn.

103            Delta-S at 3885db is -0.004.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 072

133-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values bad 0 to 130 db; oxy
               cutouts top 108 db."

125            Delta-S at 914db is 0.0055.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

110            Delta-S at 3437db is -0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4160 to
               4240 db."

STATION 073

133-136        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values bad 0 to 180 db; oxy
               cutouts top 168 db."

STATION 074

134            Delta-S at 57db is -0.0569.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

129            Sample log: "Leaking after o2 draw" Oxygen and other water
               samples look ok.

113            Delta-S at 3247db is -0.0028.  All water samples same as 114
               at level above. B & B.rt files look fine, tripped at
               intented level. No notes. Possible lanyard hangup?  Footnote
               bottle leaking, all samples bad.

STATION 075

124            Sample log: "Bottom hook off (may have closed early)."
               Delta-S at 1014db is 0.000.  Other water samples also look
               ok.

113            Sample log: "T increasing during o2 sample (quite a bit ~1
               degree" Both Hg & electronic therms.  Hydro oxygen looks
               good at 3044db compared to CTDO and adjacent stations.

104            Delta-S at 3806db is -0.0035.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 076

126            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring" out. No samples drawn.

125            Delta-S 1.95 low at 308db. Wrong suppression setting on
               Autosal run. 2CR 2.00494 vs 1.90494.  Delta-S at 308db is
               0.0113.  Okay in high gradient area. Other water samples ok.

STATION 077

113            Delta-S at 2024db is 0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 3448db is -0.003.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 078

101-102        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 3330 to
               3384 db."

STATION 079

131            Sample log: "leaking from top cap" Not sure what this means.
               Surface bottle so all samples drawn.  Delta-S at 3db is
               0.0006.  Other water samples also look ok.

STATION 080

135            Sample log: "air leak". Other water samples also look ok.

119            Delta-S at 2024db is -0.0453.  Autosal run ok. Other water
               samples also indicate taken from about 500db higher.
               Footnote bottle leaking, all samples bad.

116            Delta-S at 2630db is 0.0038.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 4
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

107            Entry error on oxygen, changed sample number from 6 to 7.
               No oxygen value to report.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 4012 to
               4018 db."

STATION 081

133            Sample log: "air leak, top o-ring". Surface bottle so all
               samples drawn.  Delta-S at 3db is -0.0009.  Other water
               samples also look ok.

119            Delta-S at 1415db is -0.045.  Autosal run ok. Oxygen and
               nutrients also low but CTDO shows oxygen inversion this
               level and bottle oxygen looks good. NO3 & PO4 could easily
               be ok, but silicate is very low (20uM/L). Salinity is same
               value as level above so could be dupe draw or run.  Oxygen
               and all nutrients could fit well at 1050db but salinity
               would be .01 too high.  Footnote bottle leaking, all samples
               bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 3870 to
               3944 db."

STATION 082

127            Sample log: "leak, top end cap" o-ring out. No samples
               drawn.  Delta-S at 57db is -0.0615.  Evidently, a salinity
               sample was drawn.  Footnote bottle leaking, salinity bad,
               other samples not drawn.

STATION 083

125            Delta-S at 107db is -0.0541.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.
               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

124            Delta-S at 207db is 0.0278.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.

               No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

101            Delta-S at 3129db is 0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 085

119            Bottles 19 & 20 tripped at same depth (601db). Oxygens
               differ by .024, while all other parameters agree.  Thio
               debubbled just prior 119 so possible this somehow made 119
               high.  Within WOCE specs, oxygen is acceptable.

STATION 086

117            Delta-S at 105db is -0.057.  Spike in CTD trace, footnote
               CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 1600 to
               1636 db."

STATION 087

123            Sample log: "top o-ring out." Freon sampled 10m bottle so
               took other samples also.  Autosal run ok. High S Gradient on
               CTD. Other water samples look ok.  Delta-S at 16db is 0.038.
               Area of high salinity gradient, salinity value OK.

121            Sample log: "top 0-ring out" No samples drawn.

116            Sample log: "bottom o-ring not set"? (Leaked from bottom end
               cap after air vent opened. Reseated end cap, then okay.)
               Delta-S at 608db is 0.0015.  Other water samples also ok.

STATION 088

108            Delta-S at 2431db is 0.0341.  Autosal run ok.  Oxygen &
               nutrients also indicate leak. No notes.  Footnote bottle
               leaking, all samples bad.

101-106        CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 2600 to
               2618 db."

STATION 089

108            Delta-S at 1012db is 0.3369.  Autosal run ok.  Oxygen &
               nutrients also indicate leak.  Footnote bottle leaking, all
               samples bad.

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 2206 to
               2216 db."

STATION 090

104            Console Ops: "No cap/spring" Not tripped as scheduled, no
               samples.

123            Sample log: "Top o-ring leaking."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

122            Sample log: "Top o-ring leaking."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

116            Sample log: "Bottom o-ring leaking" No samples drawn.

101            Bottle oxygen appears 0.1 low at 2394db. Titration ok.  No
               notes.  Delta-S at 2393db is 0.0011.  Nutrients also look
               ok. Good titration but CTDO doesn't show decrease at bottom.
               Footnote oxygen questionable.

STATION 091

101            CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values questionable 1416 to
               1456 db."






CFC-11 and CFC-12 MEASUREMENTS WOCE P31
Analysts: Mr. Steven Covey, University of Washington
          Mr. Jordan Clark, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory


SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Samples for CFC analysis were drawn from the 10-liter Niskins into 100-cc ground 
glass syringes fitted with plastic stopcocks. These samples were the first 
aliquots drawn from the particular Niskins. The CFC analysis on this cruise was 
affected by two separate problems which are reflected in the large number of 
samples flagged as questionable or bad.

The samples were analyzed using the University of Washington CFC extraction and 
analysis system. The analytical procedure and data analysis are similar to those 
described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). The system was set up in the main 
laboratory of the R.V. Thompson. The CFC concentrations in air were measured 
approximately once per day during this expedition. Air was pumped to the main 
laboratory from the bow through Dekabon tubing.

The major analytical difficulty was the misalignment of a Valco valve through 
which there is continuous carrier gas flow. This misalignment results in a 
reduced flow of carrier gas through the system and greatly affects the amount of 
CFCs transferred to the column and precolumn. The result is a drop in the 
measured peak areas for standards (and other samples) of greater than 10 
percent. The misalignment mainly occurs when the valve switches between its two 
positions, and only at the one position at first. Early in the cruise this 
resulted in random "bad" samples. These can be easily distinguished from the 
"good" samples. However, the frequency with which this misalignment occurred 
increased during the cruise, until it was occurring at more than 25 percent of 
the time (at Station 72), and deteriorated quickly from that point until the 
analysts could no longer run samples. Unfortunately, they never did diagnose the 
problem correctly.

The second problem was CFC-11 contamination of some of the plastic syringe 
stopcocks. This problem manifests itself in the CFC-11 concentrations in deep 
samples. One or two samples in the deep waters at each station have reported 
CFC-11 concentrations which are significantly greater than the over- and under-
lying waters and also result in impossible CFC-11/CFC-12 ratios. A little 
detective work reveled this to be due to particular syringes (and not the 
Niskins). These samples have been flagged as questionable in the upper water 
column or "bad" in the deep waters.   Calibration

A working standard, calibrated on the SIO1993 scale, was used to calibrate the 
response of the electron capture detector of the Shimadzu Mini-2 GC to the CFCs. 
This standard, Airco cylinder CC88098, contained gas with CFC-11 and CFC-12 
concentrations of 267.20 parts per trillion (ppt) and 502.32 ppt, respectively. 


SAMPLING BLANKS

After the samples which were contaminated with CFC-11 from the syringe tips have 
been removed from the data set, the sampling blanks were assessed using the CFC 
concentrations in samples from depths where the waters should be CFC-free. The 
mode of the distributions of the 390 deep samples were chosen to represent the 
sampling blanks. For CFC-11, the sampling blank applied to all samples is 0.004 
pmol/kg. For CFC-12, this sampling blank is 0.000 pmol/kg (Essentially, the 
stripper blanks were as great as the sampling blank.) It may be possible to 
apply separate sampling blanks for the contaminated syringe tips. It is 
currently being investigated.

DATA

In addition to the CFC concentrations which have merged with the .hyd file, the 
following three tables have been included to complete the data set. The first 
two are tables of the duplicate samples. The third is a table of the atmospheric 
CFC concentrations interpolated to each station. 


TABLE 1:  CFC-11 Concentrations in Replicate Samples

Sta  Samp  CFC-12       Sta   Samp  CFC-12
---  ----  ------       ---   ----  ------
 2   119   1.957         22   132   1.830
 2   119   1.929         24   132   1.838
 4   104   0.008         24   132   1.812
 4   104   0.006         26   134   1.640
 4   132   1.858         26   134   1.663
 4   132   1.730         28   134   1.625
 6   104   0.015         28   134   1.625
 6   104   0.005         30   120   1.851
 6   131   1.833         30   120   1.833
 6   131   1.843         32   122   1.718
 8   132   1.741         32   122   1.734
 8   132   1.747         34   124   1.712
10   130   0.753         34   124   1.720
10   130   0.768         35   128   0.928
12   132   1.834         35   128   0.933
12   132   1.821         37   128   1.670
14   134   1.671         37   128   1.679
14   134   1.685         37   131   1.523
18   131   1.420         37   131   1.512
18   131   1.450         45   130   1.504
20   132   1.767         45   130   1.523
20   132   1.757         49   101   0.000
22   130   0.247         49   101   0.015
22   130   0.250         53   101   0.003
22   132   1.852         53   101   0.009
57   131   0.184         64   132   1.516
57   131   0.196         64   132   1.499
61   132   1.680         66   126   1.761
61   132   1.689         66   126   1.805
63   134   1.525        102   102   0.002
63   134   1.530        102   102   0.003


TABLE 2: CFC-12 Concentrations in Replicate Samples

Sta  Samp  CFC-12        Sta  Samp   CFC-12
---  ----  ------        ---  ----   ------
 2   119   1.019         32   122    0.929
 2   119   1.012         34   124    0.910
 4   104   0.000         34   124    0.944
 4   104   0.009         35   128    0.461
 4   132   0.956         35   128    0.462
 4   132   0.894         37   128    0.882
 6   104   0.018         37   128    0.891
 6   104   0.001         37   131    0.823
 6   131   0.959         37   131    0.823
 6   131   0.962         42   132    0.899
 8   132   0.899         42   132    0.871
 8   132   0.878         45   126    0.124
10   130   0.375         45   126    0.108
10   130   0.391         45   130    0.807
12   132   0.954         45   130    0.804
12   132   0.958         49   101   -0.006
14   134   0.914         49   101    0.004
14   134   0.929         53   101   -0.001
18   131   0.734         53   101   -0.001
18   131   0.733         57   131    0.103
20   132   0.929         57   131    0.114
20   132   0.929         59   101   -0.001
22   130   0.133         59   101    0.001
22   130   0.138         61   132    0.858
22   132   0.978         61   132    0.918
22   132   0.939         63   134    0.855
24   132   0.937         63   134    0.857
24   132   0.949         64   132    0.841
26   134   0.875         64   132    0.829
26   134   0.884         66   126    0.941
28   134   0.868         66   126    0.952
28   134   0.928        102   102   -0.003
30   120   0.969        102   102   -0.002
30   120   0.979        102   132    0.873
32   122   0.935        102   132    0.849


TABLE 3 - Atmospheric CFC Concentrations

            Time                            FREON RUN   FREON     F12     F11  
   Date     (hhmm)   Latitude    Longitude     NUMBER     FLAG     PPT     PPT  
---------   ------  ---------   ----------  ---------   ------    -----   -----
27 Jan 94    1622   15 48.3 S   151 28.7 W        267         0   516.1   263.2 
27 Jan 94    1632   15 48.3 S   151 28.7 W        268         0   505.7   262.9 
27 Jan 94    1643   15 48.3 S   151 28.7 W        269         0   512.7   262.9 
28 Jan 94    0426   15 25.8 S   152 27.0 W        315         0   524.5   270.5 
28 Jan 94    0437   15 25.8 S   152 27.0 W        316         0   517.9   266.1 
28 Jan 94    0448   15 25.8 S   152 27.0 W        317         0   522.5   266.3 
29 Jan 94    0944   14 28.0 S   154 52.1 W        443         0   522.1   267.0 
29 Jan 94    0954   14 28.0 S   154 52.1 W        444         0   522.1   266.8 
29 Jan 94    1005   14 28.0 S   154 52.1 W        445     10000   520.5   263.9F
30 Jan 94    0150   13 53.8 S   156 19.2 W        515         0   515.9   264.1 
30 Jan 94    0202   13 53.8 S   156 19.2 W        516         0   519.1   264.3 
30 Jan 94    0213   13 53.8 S   156 19.2 W        517         0   517.1   263.4 
31 Jan 94    0348   13 07.0 S   158 17.3 W        621         0   524.0   267.0 
31 Jan 94    0359   13 07.0 S   158 17.3 W        622         0   524.6   265.4 
31 Jan 94    0410   13 07.0 S   158 17.3 W        623         0   522.2   266.0 
 2 Feb 94    0854   11 27.1 S   162 24.3 W        862         0   521.6   264.0 
 2 Feb 94    0905   11 27.1 S   162 24.3 W        863         0   522.8   264.1 
 2 Feb 94    0915   11 27.1 S   162 24.3 W        864         0   517.0   264.1 
 4 Feb 94    0000   10 19.4 S   165 14.7 W       1019         0   518.2   265.1 
 4 Feb 94    0011   10 19.4 S   165 14.7 W       1020         0   514.7   262.2 
 4 Feb 94    0022   10 19.4 S   165 14.7 W       1021         0   521.8   265.0 
 4 Feb 94    0827   10 07.8 S   165 43.8 W       1058         0   515.0   264.3 
 4 Feb 94    0838   10 07.8 S   165 43.8 W       1059         0   524.8   265.5 
 4 Feb 94    0850   10 07.8 S   165 43.8 W       1060         0   518.4   262.7 
 5 Feb 94    1736   10 15.1 S   168 40.0 W       1201         0   516.7   263.7 
 5 Feb 94    1748   10 15.1 S   168 40.0 W       1202         0   521.7   265.9 
 5 Feb 94    1759   10 15.1 S   168 40.0 W       1203         0   520.2   262.7 
 6 Feb 94    0351   10 09.1 S   168 59.1 W       1242         0   511.5   261.1 
 6 Feb 94    0402   10 09.1 S   168 59.1 W       1243         0   521.3   265.9 
 6 Feb 94    0413   10 09.1 S   168 59.1 W       1244         0   516.1   262.3 
 6 Feb 94    2339   09 57.9 S   169 30.0 W       1323         0   533.8   272.8 
 6 Feb 94    2351   09 57.9 S   169 30.0 W       1324         0   524.3   267.7 
 7 Feb 94    0002   09 57.9 S   169 30.0 W       1325         0   516.7   264.7 
 8 Feb 94    0341   09 45.3 S   170 08.7 W       1435         0   525.7   267.4 
 8 Feb 94    0352   09 45.3 S   170 08.7 W       1436         0   531.6   268.8 
 8 Feb 94    0404   09 45.3 S   170 08.7 W       1437         0   545.9   271.3 
 8 Feb 94    1831   09 35.0 S   170 38.8 W       1503         0   532.7   270.4 
 8 Feb 94    1842   09 35.0 S   170 38.8 W       1504         0   529.1   268.0 
 8 Feb 94    1853   09 35.0 S   170 38.8 W       1505         0   532.5   268.3 
11 Feb 94    1702   08 54.6 S   167 00.3 W       1578         0   519.6   263.5 
11 Feb 94    1713   08 54.6 S   167 00.3 W       1579         0   520.9   264.0 
11 Feb 94    1725   08 54.6 S   167 00.3 W       1580         0   512.9   260.4 
12 Feb 94    2314   09 51.5 S   172 18.1 W       1702         0   519.7   266.8 
12 Feb 94    2325   09 51.5 S   172 18.1 W       1703         0   518.0   263.9 
12 Feb 94    2336   09 51.5 S   172 18.1 W       1704         0   514.6   262.5 




FINAL CFC DATA QUALITY EVALUATION (DQE) COMMENTS ON P31.
(David Wisegarver)
Dec 2000
 

During the initial DQE review of the CFC data, a small number of samples were 
given QUALT2 flags which differed from the initial QUALT1 flags assigned by the 
PI. After discussion, the PI concurred with the DQE assigned flags and updated 
the QUAL1 flags for these samples.
 
The CFC concentrations have been adjusted to the SIO98 calibration Scale (*Prinn 
et al. 2000) so that all of the Pacific WOCE CFC data will be on a common 
calibration scale.
 
For further information, comments or questions, please, contact the CFC PI for 
this section:
                   M. Warner (mwarner@ocean.washington.edu)
                                       or
                     David Wisegarver (wise@pmel.noaa.gov)
 
Additional information on WOCE CFC synthesis may be available at:
                         http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/cfc.
 
*****************************************************************************
*Prinn, R.G., R.F. Weiss, P.J. Fraser, P.G. Simmonds, D.M. Cunnold, 
        F.N. Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B.R. Miller, J. Huang, 
        R.H.J. Wang, D.E. Hartley, C. Harth, L.P. Steele, G. Sturrock, 
        P.M. Midgley, and A. McCulloch, "A History of Chemically and 
        Radiatively Important Gases in Air Deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE". 
        Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17, 751-17, 792, 2000.
*****************************************************************************









DQE EVALUATION OF CTD DATA ALONG WOCE SECTION P31
(Mark Rosenberg)
November 1998


This report contains a data quality evaluation of the CTD data files for
the Pacific sector cruise along WOCE section P31 (*Figure 1) on the RV 
Thomas G. Thompson in January to February, 1994. Bottle data are evaluated 
by George Anderson in a separate report. 2 dbar CTD data and upcast CTD 
burst data in the .sea file were examined for all stations. In general, 
CTD salinity data quality is very good, while CTD oxygen data quality is 
good below 100 dbar. CTD data processing methodology and processing notes 
are well described in the cruise report from ODF.


STATION SUMMARY FILE (.sum)

 o  Ocean depth values for station 102 look wrong, in particular for the 
    bottom and end of the cast.
 o  Sound speed and transducer depth information for the ship's sounder were 
    not provided in the documentation. "Corrected depth" (.sum file) was 
    therefore calculated from the CTD at the bottom of the cast i.e. altimeter 
    reading + maximum CTD pressure recalculated in meters (using the method of 
    Saunders and Fofonoff, 1976). For stations with no altimeter reading, no 
    corrected depth was calculated. These corrected depth values are in an 
    ascii file corrdepth.dat, and have not been merged into the .sum file.


SALINITY

In the following discussion, only CTD and bottle values with a quality 
flag of 2 are considered (i.e. QUALT1=2 for CTDSAL and SALNTY in the .sea 
file). See Table 2 for a station by station summary of salinity data 
problems. 

The salinity residual data Delta S (where Delta S = bottle - CTD salinity 
difference) for all depths is shown in *Figure 2a (an additional ~40 data 
points lie outside the axis limits). Below 500 dbar, scatter of Delta S is 
greatly reduced (*Figure 2b). The averaging period used by the ODF group 
for CTD burst data at bottle stops is typically ~3.5 seconds (not 
mentioned in the cruise report). I recommend increasing this averaging 
period to 10 seconds. Obviously there will still be a residual in the 
steepest gradients (e.g. in the tropics) due to vertical separation of the 
bottles and CTD sensors, however the increased averaging period may help 
decrease residuals in less dramatic gradients when the ship is rolling 
during bottle stops.

Standard deviations for Delta S for the whole cruise were calculated from 
data in the .sea file (Table 1). The salinity standard deviation of 
0.0017, calculated using all sampling depths and |Delta S| less than or equal to
 0.008, is a reasonable estimate of the salinity accuracy for the cruise. 
Overall the calibration is very good, and the salinity accuracy is well within 
the WOCE requirement. A small bias in Delta S does however remain for some stations 
(*Figure 2, and Table 2). From deepwater comparisons of Theta-S curves, this 
bias is often due to the bottle data. It appears that the bottle salinity 
data, though very good, are not 100%. Some examples are shown in *Figure 3, 
showing the larger scatter of bottle compared to CTD salinities. Several 
instances of salinometer problems are noted in the cruise report, however 
bottle sampling inaccuracies could also have contributed to the scatter. 
Overall these small bottle inaccuracies do not affect calibration of the 
CTD salinity data, as indicated by the very tight fit of CTD Theta-S curves in 
the example plots (*Figure 3).

For stations 53, 58-60, 67 and 77-79, the bias is most likely due to 
variations in conductivity cell response not accounted for by the 
conductivity calibration, as follows. When fitting CTD to bottle 
conductivity for this cruise, all stations were fitted in a single group; 
a constant slope and a station dependent offset were applied (except for 
stations 74 to 77, where the offset was adjusted manually), as described 
in the documentation. For the stations listed above, calibration results 
ought to improve by selecting smaller station groupings for the 
conductivity calibration e.g. fit stations 58 to 60 in one group, fit 
stations 77 to 79 in another group. It's interesting to note the 
difference in calibration methodology between different institutions: 
within each station group, ODF at Scripps uses a constant slope and a 
station dependent offset, while WHOI and CSIRO use a constant offset and a 
station dependent slope. The selection of station groups is probably more 
significant in changing the end results.


TABLE 1: Standard deviations for salinity residuals Delta S (using only bottle 
         and CTD data for which the quality flag=2).

DATA                                                  STANDARD DEVIATION OF DELTA S
-------------------------------------------------     -----------------------------
all depths                                            0.0086
deeper than 500 dbar                                  0.0012
all depths, |Delta S| less than or equal to 0.008     0.0017


Numerous bottle salinity values have been flagged "3" in the .sea file 
even though |Delta S| is < 0.003. In most cases I think this residual is too 
small to justify the "3" flag, and I recommend these values be resurrected 
to a flag value of "2". See George Anderson's bottle data report for more 
details.

Many upcast CTD salinity bursts have been flagged as "4" in the .sea file 
in regions of high vertical gradients (Table 3). In the cruise report, the 
data processors have noted a large Delta S value, and commented: "Salinity 
agrees with adjoining stations. Spike in CTD trace". If there is indeed an 
erroneous spike in the 2 Hz CTD data, then the flag value is justified. 
However the vertical separation between bottles and CTD sensors in high 
vertical gradients could also cause residuals of these magnitudes, in 
which case the CTD data are not bad. Please confirm whether the spikes are 
there or not (if not, flag should be changed to "2" for CTDSAL in .sea file).

The deepwater structure for station 5 is very interesting - from the deepwater
Theta-S curve, there appears to be a shift in Theta at S~34.655, confirmed
as real by the upcast data. No equivalent structure occurs in the adjacent
stations.


OXYGEN

Oxygen residual data (i.e. bottle - CTD oxygen difference) are plotted in 
*Figure 4, noting that large outliers lie beyond the axis limits on the 
graph. CTD oxygen calibrations are in general very good, except for the 
few cases listed in Table 4. The data processors have obviously examined 
all the CTD oxygen data closely, as indicated by the numerous flagged 
segments of suspicious values (typically near the bottom or near the 
surface) - I agree with all these flag values. I also agree with the 
disclaimer made in the cruise report: "usefulness of oxygen data in the 
top 100 dbar should be carefully considered". In general, approximately 
half the oxygen profiles look suspicious down to ~100 dbar, and the other 
half down to ~50 dbar. I'm willing to accept the general disclaimer about 
the top 100 dbar of oxygen data, rather than a painstaking station by 
station assessment.

CTD oxygen data is quite noisy for much of this cruise, presumably due to 
noise in the oxygen current signal (installation of the new sensor at 
station 75 did not fix the problem). Noise levels are typically up to ±5 
µmol/kg for more than half the stations. This is a common problem with 
oxygen data, and it does not detract from the usefulness of the profiles. 
The sensor response is sufficient to reveal structure on a finer scale 
than the bottle data e.g. the features at 800 and 2000 dbar for station 
71, both confirmed by bottle samples. Data users can smooth the oxygen 
profiles if they wish.

In the .sea file, no CTDOXY value was calculated for samples where the 
CTDSAL value was flagged as "4" (Table 3), noting that these flag values 
are in doubt as discussed earlier in this report. Recalculation of CTDOXY 
values for these samples is not necessary: most occur in steep vertical 
gradients where a high bottle-CTD oxygen residual might be expected, so 
oxygen calibrations for these profiles would not be significantly altered.

Final CTD oxygen calibration coefficient values (from Appendix B in the 
cruise report) look reasonable, except for the following:

 o  stations 78 and 87 - the TS coefficient c5 is positive (upcast data were 
    used for both these stations);
 o  station 91 - the Pl coefficient c3 is negative.


DESPIKING, INTERPOLATION AND FLAGS

A flag value of 6 has been used for most data at the 0.0 dbar level - these
data are presumably extrapolations rather than interpolations. This 
extrapolation often continues to the surface a suspicious gradient between 
the 4 and 2 dbar levels. More notable examples are the 0.0 dbar 
temperature value for stations 6 and 7, and the 0.0 dbar salinity value 
for station 28. I don't believe these data extrapolations are necessary - if
there's insufficient data to create a 0.0 dbar bin, it would be 
preferable to leave a gap at that bin and flag as 9.

The flag value of 7 ("despiked") in the .ctd files has been applied to 
more than just the usual data despiking cases. For station 50 (1842-1890 
dbar) and station 58 (4110-4122 dbar), CTD salinity data have been 
artificially offset and a flag value of 7 applied. Presumably the original 
shifted data were due to fouling of the conductivity cell. In general, I 
would advise against artificially shifting segments of a profile to match 
the surrounding profile. The alternatives are to leave the bad data there 
and flag as 4, or else remove the data (my preference in more severe 
cases) and flag as 5.

For station 51, 4646-4700 dbar, the data processors note "conductivity 
dropouts" and consequent "despiked conductivity", with a flag value of 7 
applied to the salinity data. Bearing in mind the ambiguity of the flag 7 
value discussed above, I am not sure what has been done to the 
conductivity data here - this needs clarification from the data processors.

Many blocks of CTD oxygen data have been flagged as 3 (and in some cases 4),
indicating the oxygen data have been carefully examined by the data 
processors - well done.


DENSITY INVERSIONS

Locations of unstable vertical density gradients are shown in *Figure 5; 
only gradients more unstable than -0.003 kg/m3/dbar are shown. Density 
gradient values for these instabilities are summarised in Table 5. Most 
occur in the top 6 dbar, and are probably mostly due to sensor transient 
errors/instabilities at the start of casts. 3 cases occur below 10 dbar 
(stations 40 and 41 in Table 5), all coinciding with "despiked" salinity 
data (i.e. quality flag 7).


COMPARISONS WITH OTHER CRUISES

Deepwater Theta-S and Theta-oxygen curves were compared for P31 stations coincident 
with or close to stations from WOCE cruises P16C, P16S and P15S. Positions 
of stations used in the P31/P16C and P31/P16S comparisons are plotted in 
*Figure 6a. For the P31/P15S comparison, station latitudes are shown in *Figure 8,
while station longitudes are approximately equal between comparison pairs. 
In general, Theta-S agreement lies well within the expected inter-cruise 
accuracy of 0.002 for salinity, except for P16S. Oxygen agreement is within
1% of deepwater oxygen values.


     P31 AND P16C (P.I. L. TALLEY) (*FIGURE 6B)
          Salinities agree within 0.001.
          No CTD oxygen data for the P16C comparison stations.

     P31 AND P16S (P.I. J. SWIFT) (*FIGURE 7)
          P16S salinity lower than P31 by ~0.002. This is consistent with the 
          salinity difference between P16S and other data sets (i.e. P16S is 0.002 
          lower), as reported by the Scripps ODF group in the P16S cruise report
          (Swift et al.)
          Oxygen data compare well (agreement within 1% of deepwater oxygen values).

     P31 AND P15S (P.I.'S J. BULLISTER AND G. JOHNSON) (*FIGURE 8)
          P15S salinity higher than P31 by on average ~0.001. This difference is 
          possibly due to differences in standard seawater batches (batch P122 used 
          on cruise P31; batch P114 used on cruise P15S).
          Oxygen data compare well (agreement within 1% of deepwater oxygen values).


SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS/RECOMMENDED FLAG CHANGES

 o  Ocean depth values for station 102 in .sum file look wrong, in 
    particular for the bottom and end of the cast. 
 o  Please confirm whether the spikes are there or not for data listed in 
    Table 3 (if no spikes, flag should be changed to 2 for CTDSAL in .sea file).
 o  For station 50 (1842-1890 dbar) and station 58 (4110-4122 dbar), change 
    flag to 3 in .ctd files, or else remove the data and flag as 5.
 o  For station 51, 4646-4700 dbar, the data processors note "conductivity 
    dropouts" and consequent "despiked conductivity", with a flag value
    of 7 applied to the salinity data. Bearing in mind the ambiguity of
    the flag 7 value discussed above, I am not sure what has been done to
    the conductivity data here - this needs clarification from the data 
    processors.



REFERENCES

Saunders, P.M. and Fofonoff, N.P., 1976. Conversion of pressure to depth in 
    the ocean. Deep Sea Research, 23:109-111.

J. Swift et al., 1994. P16S Cruise Report.


TABLE 2: Comments on CTD salinity data for individual stations. "Reason" 
         is as determined from comparison of deepwater Theta-S curves with surrounding 
         stations, for both Sctd and Sbtl (CTD and bottle salinity).

station  comment                                          reason
-------  -----------------------------------------------  ------------------------------
   3     Sctd high by ~0.002 for whole profile            Sbtl low by ~0.002
   5     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar                Sbtl high by ~0.001
   7     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 below 1000 dbar       possibly due to bottles
  16     Sctd low by ~0.001 for 500-3000 dbar             unknown
  17     Sctd high by ~0.001 for 500-3000 dbar            possibly due to bottles
  19     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 1000 dbar               unknown (Sctd is okay)
  22     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 below 3000 dbar       Sbtl a bit low below 3000 dbar
  23     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 1000 dbar        possibly due to bottles
  24     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 1500 dbar        possibly due to bottles
  28     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 2000 dbar        probably due to bottles
  29     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 2000 dbar        unsure (Sctd is okay)
  36     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar         probably due to bottles
  37     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar                possibly due to bottles
  41     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar                unsure (Sctd is okay)
  45     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 750 dbar                possibly due to bottles
  53     Sctd mostly low by ~0.0008 below 1000 dbar       possibly due to calibration
  54     Sctd high by ~0.001 below 4000 dbar              unsure
  57     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 3000 dbar        possibly due to bottles
  58     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 below 2000 dbar       possibly due to calibration
  59     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 below 1000 dbar       possibly due to calibration
  60     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 for whole profile     possibly due to calibration
  64     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 1000 dbar        unknown
  65     Sctd low by ~0.001 above 3000 dbar, high by 
           ~0.001 below 3000 dbar                         possibly due to bottles
  67     Sctd mostly high by ~0.001 below 3000 dbar       possibly due to calibration
  69     Sctd high by ~0.001 below 3000 dbar              unsure
  71     Sctd high by ~0.001 below 3000 dbar              probably due to bottles
  71     Delta S increases with pressure below 3000 dbar  unknown
  72     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar         possibly due to bottles
  74     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 for whole profile      unsure
  77     Sctd low by ~0.001 for 1000-3000 dbar            possibly due to calibration 
  78     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 1500 dbar               possibly due to calibration 
  79     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 1500 dbar        possibly due to calibration 
  80     Sctd low by ~0.001 for 600-3200 dbar             possibly due to bottles
  81     Sctd high by ~0.001 for whole profile            unsure
  83     Sctd mostly low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar         unsure
  90     Sctd low by ~0.001 below 500 dbar                unsure


TABLE 3: Upcast CTD salinity bursts (CTDSAL), flagged as "4" in .sea file, which 
need confirmation for presence or absence of a spike in 2Hz CTD data (if no
spike, flag value should be changed to "2").

station   bottle number   station   bottle number
-------   -------------   -------   -------------
  22        31              55        34, 31
  23        32              59        35, 34, 32
  26        34              60        34
  32        23              61        34
  39        34, 33, 32      64        31, 30, 29
  40        36, 34          74        34
  41        36, 34          83        25, 24
  46        28              86        17


TABLE 4: Comments on CTD oxygen data for individual stations.

station   comment
-------   -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  22      CTD oxygen mostly low by ~1.5 µmol/kg below 3000 dbar
  42      fit to bottles between 2600 and 3200 dbar is not optimum, but within 1%
  78      CTD oxygen low by ~1 µmol/kg below 1300 dbar


TABLE 5: Density inversions < -0.003 kg/m3/dbar, and quality flag for salinity in
         .ctd file for the pressure bin.

Stn  pressure  density   sal.  |  Stn  pressure  density   sal.  |  Stn  pressure  density   sal.
     (dbar)    gradient  flag  |       (dbar)    gradient  flag  |       (dbar)    gradient  flag
---  --------  --------  ----  |  ---  --------  --------  ----  |  ---  --------  --------  ----
 2     2       -0.0045    2    |  26     6       -0.0130    2    |  52     4       -0.0046    2
 2     4       -0.0045    2    |  27     2       -0.0047    2    |  53     2       -0.0036    2
 3     2       -0.0089    2    |  27     4       -0.0047    2    |  53     4       -0.0036    2
 3     4       -0.0089    2    |  33     2       -0.0042    2    |  57     2       -0.0041    2
 4     2       -0.0136    2    |  33     4       -0.0042    2    |  57     4       -0.0041    2
 4     4       -0.0136    2    |  37     2       -0.0086    2    |  60     2       -0.0035    2
 5     2       -0.0075    2    |  37     4       -0.0048    2    |  60     4       -0.0035    2
 5     4       -0.0075    2    |  38     2       -0.0031    2    |  69     2       -0.0069    2
13     2       -0.0046    2    |  38     4       -0.0031    2    |  73     2       -0.0104    2
13     4       -0.0046    2    |  40    16       -0.0032    7    |  73     4       -0.0105    2
19     2       -0.0035    2    |  41    76       -0.0032    7    |  79     2       -0.0030    6
19     4       -0.0035    2    |  41    80       -0.0059    7    |  79     4       -0.0030    2
22     2       -0.0048    2    |  43     2       -0.0032    2    |  79     6       -0.0030    2
22     4       -0.0048    2    |  43     4       -0.0032    2    |  86     6       -0.0033    2
22     6       -0.0070    2    |  44     2       -0.0039    2    | 102     2       -0.0040    2
22    10       -0.0063    2    |  52     2       -0.0046    2    | 102     4       -0.0040    2


*Figure 1
*Figure 2a and b: Salinity residuals
*Figure 3: Comparison of deepwater (-S curves for CTD salinities and bottle salinities
*Figure 4: Dissolved oxygen residuals
*Figure 5: Local density instabilities
*Figure 6a and b: (a) Station locations for P31/P16S and P31/P16C comparisons;
                  (b) comparison of P31 with P16C.
*Figure 7: Comparison of P31 with P16S
*Figure 8: Comparison of P31 with P15S






DQE OF THE DISCRETE DATA* LISTING FOR P31
(George C. Anderson)
1999 MAR 03

*CTD pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen, and bottle data for 
 salinity, oxygen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate

The evaluation consisted of preparing plots of the parameters to be 
investigated.  All parameters were plotted versus pressure.  As necessary, 
supplement plots of theta-salinity and salinity-silicate were prepared for 
individual stations or groups of stations.  In addition, plots of phosphate (x-
axis) versus nitrate (y-axis) were prepared for each station.  From these data, 
plots of the NO3/PO4 ratio and y-intercept versus station number were prepared 
(attached).

Positions from the .sum file were plotted and appear to be correct.  Cast times 
and dates were checked for consistency.  No inconsistencies were found.


RESULTS:

Overall the data look quite good.  There are a few "bad" bottle salts.  Excluding
the phosphate data from early in the cruise, in particular stations 5-11,
there are only a few suspect nutrient values.  Excluding the surface levels 
(1st and 2nd bottles) and a few deep values, the CTD-oxygens look very 
reasonable.

In the DQE report on the CTD data for this cruise (Rosenberg, 1998), the following 
comment was made: "Numerous bottle salinity values have been flagged '3' in the .sea 
file even though/Delta S/is <0.003.  In most cases I think this residual is too small to 
justify the '3' flag, and I recommend these values be resurrected to a flag value of 
'2' (page 2)." I agree with this conclusion.  In the halocline, values that fall on 
the pressure-salinity curve but disagree with the CTD salinity have often been 
flagged 3 or even 4.  In the deep water it was not uncommon for salinities that 
differed from the CTD value by less than 0.003 p.s.u. to be flagged 3.  In both 
cases, I think those involved in the original processing were a bit harsh.  The 
attached listing suggests that many of the 4's be changed to 3's and many of the 3's 
be changed to 2's.  Mark's suggestions regarding these data have been incorporated 
into this listing.

In the Cruise Report there are several paragraphs devoted to the problems of 
collecting and processing CTD oxygen data. The following statement appears: 
"Therefore the usefulness of data in the top 100 decibars should be carefully 
considered (page 11)." This is very true, not just for this cruise but most 
recent cruises on which CTD oxygen data have been taken and processed.  
Notwithstanding, an effort has been made to review and annotate the CTD oxygen 
data.  The following approach was taken in assigning quality 2 control flags:  in 
the upper 100 db of the water column,  if the CTD oxygen value disagreed by ~10 
or more µmoles/kg from the bottle oxygen, these could be flagged either 3 or 4 
depending on the magnitude of the difference.  If the CTD oxygen data indicated 
maxima or minima not seen in the bottle data or suggested by the data on adjacent 
stations, these would be flagged. For example, if the bottle data showed a true 
mixed layer in the first three levels of the cast and the CTD oxygen trace showed 
a pronounced maximum at the second level, this CTD oxygen value would be flagged 
3 or 4.  Mark Rosenberg's suggestions regarding these data have also been 
incorporated into this listing.

Data from this cruise were compared with data from the following:

P31 Station No.  Cruise   Date                   Station No.
---------------  ------   ---------------------  -----------
      5          P16C     (October of 1973)      223
      3          P21E     (May of 1985)          165
                 CRUISE P21E HAS YET TO BE DQEd
      4          P16S     (March of 1989)        220
    101          P15S     (February of 1986)     163
     59          P15S     (February of 1986)     180

Before detailing the comparisons, particularly in the values below 2000 db, it 
should be noted that the data from cruise P21E have yet to be DQEd.  This work 
is now underway.  It should also be noted that the nutrient data from P21E are 
in units of µmoles/liter.  In making the station comparisons, the data from P21E 
have been converted to µmoles/kg by dividing the per liter unit by 1.0236, the 
density of water with salinity of 35 p.s.u. and a lab temperature of 25°C.

The CTD salinity data from P31 agree quite well with data from the comparison 
stations. The CTD salinity data appear to be offset 0.003 p.s.u. lower than the 
data from P21E.  Compared to P16S, the salinity data are offset higher by 0.0015 
p.s.u.  For all other stations, the salinity data are within ± 0.002 p.s.u with 
no obvious offset.

The oxygen data agree quite well with the data from the comparison stations with 
the profiles from P31 typically showing less scatter than on the other cruises.  
The data from P31 are within ±1 µmole/kg of the data from the other cruises.  On 
cruise P16S there appears to be an approximately 1 µmole/kg offset between the 
two data sets, with the P31 data being lower [at a conc. of 170.0, 1 µmole/kg is 
0.6%].

The silicate data agree quite well with the data from the other cruises, 
typically within 1.5 µmoles/kg [at a conc. of 124.0, 1.5 µmoles/kg is 1.2%].  
However, compared with P16S, the data appear to be offset ~3 µmoles/kg lower.

The nitrate data agree quite well with the data from the other cruises, but are 
typically low.  The offsets range between 0.2 and 0.7 µmoles/kg [at a conc. of 
34.0, 0.5 µmoles/kg is 1.5%].

As pointed out in the Cruise Report, (Appendix D) there were problems with the 
phosphate analyses which were corrected by Station 12.  These problems are very 
apparent in the data, particularly stations 5-11 where there was a reagent 
problem.  For stations 1 through 12, that sampled as deep as 4500 db, the 
nitrate data (~33 µmoles/kg) show a range of approximately 0.6%; at these same 
stations, the phosphates range 3.5% to 11.3% higher than station 12, (see 
attached plots).

The effects of the "bad" molybdate solution appear to be two fold:  one, the 
phosphate values are typically high and two, the data tend to show somewhat more 
scatter than on later stations.  The problem is also apparent in the plot of the 
NO3/PO4 ratio by station number.  For the affected stations, the ratios are 
typically low by up to 1 µmole/kg.

At stations 101 & 59, the phosphate data are typically 0.02 µmoles/kg lower than 
the data from P15S while at stations 3 and 4, the phosphate data are `0.00 to 
~0.02 µmoles/kg higher.  [At a conc. of 2.50, 0.02 µmoles/kg is 0.8%].

In the final cruise report (Appendix D, page 1), station 001, bottle 114, the 
following note appears: "Footnote CTD salinity questionable, value is probably good 
on its own merit just not to compare with the bottle data.  No CTDO is calculated 
because the CTD Salinity is coded bad."

In this case as on several other stations, it would be preferable to calculate 
the corresponding CTD oxygen value, list it, and allow it to be evaluated with 
the rest of the CTD oxygen data.  Recalculating this value after the fact is 
probably more of a nuisance than its worth.  Perhaps the processing program 
could be modified so even when a CTD salt is flagged 3 or even 4, the CTDO value 
would be calculated and listed.  If it turns out to be "bad", it could be 
flagged appropriately.  In cases where the CTD salinity falls on the 
salinity/pressure curve, it is recommended that the CTD salinity flag be changed 
to 2, because the CTD "value is good on its own merit..."

In the final cruise report (Appendix D, page 3), station 015, bottle 101 - 102, 
the following note appears: ' "CTD data processor: "CTD oxygen values 
questionable 4850 to 4934 db."'  Based on this, it appears as though the CTD 
oxygen values for bottles 102 and 101 were flagged 3.  However, the CTD and 
bottle oxygens agree within 0.6 and 1.4 µmoles/kg respectively which should be 
acceptable.  It may be that the CTDO processor's remarks are used to flag data 
in the discrete data listing without evaluating the quality of the points with 
respect to the values from the discrete samples.  The has been done on other 
stations on this cruise, e.g. station 27, bottle 102.

Attached are listed changes to be considered by the data originator with some 
explanations.  Most of these changes involve the CTD and bottle data for 
salinity and oxygen.  These "changes-to-be-considered" have not been separately 
annotated because they reflect the comments made in the text above.  A few 
suggestions have been made regarding other data.  These have been explained in 
this listing.

George C. Anderson
DQ Evaluator


REFERENCES:

DQE Evaluation of CTD data...Mark Rosenberg, November 1998
    Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) Final Cruise Report, 18 July 1997


LIST OF PLOTS*:

 o  plots of the NO3/PO4 ratio, and y-intercept versus station number
 o  positions of comparison stations
 o  nitrate and phosphate data, stations 1 - 12, concentrations vs. pressure

*All plots shown in PDF file.


DQE COMMENTS CRUISE P31

Stat.	Bottle	Depth	    CTD		     Bottle		Data			Q   Flags	Comments
	No.	(db)	Salt	O2	Salt	O2	SIL	NO3	NO2	PO4	1     2
 1	14	  45.5	X								3     2		CTD salt appears to be acceptable.
	13	  80.3		X							2     4
	12	 105.5		X							2     4
	 9	 257.0		X							2     3
	 3	 808.5		X							2     4
 2	21	 105.1		X							2     4
	 7	1404.5		X							2     3
	 1	2679.8		X							3     4
 3	30	   2.1		X							2     4
	29	  15.1		X							2     4
	20	 801.8		X							2     3
	19	 902.4		X							2     4
	 8	2008.1			X						3     2
 5	36	   2.0		X							2     4
	28	 605.1		X							2     3
	16	2409.7					X				2     3	 	Silicate value high; falls off silicate-theta &-salinity plots
	 2	3925.6			X						4     3
 6	25	 804.3		X							2     4
 7	34	  55.9		X							2     3
	27	 705.6		X							2     4
	24	1006.5		X							2     4
	 9	3328.5						X			2     3		NO3 low, NO2 very high; maybe a problem with nutrient 
													sample tube
	 9	3328.5							X		2     4		If NO2 value is added to NO3 value, NO3 value would be 
													reasonable
 8	36	   2.0		X							2     3
	32	 206.0		X							2     4
 9	36	   2.3		X							2     4
	35	  16.5		X							2     4
	 2	4442.9		X							3     2
	 1	4565.4		X							3     4
10	34	  56.6		X							2     4
	15	2821.2				X					2     3		Silicate value low; falls off silicate-theta &-salinity plots
	 3	4243.7			X						3     2
12	31	305.0		X							2     3
	 6	4114.2											Temperature value looks high; needs to be checked.
	 3	4428.7			X						3     2
13	25	1201.4		X							2     3
	 1	4429.8		X							3     2
14	26	1252.2		X							2     3
	14	3729.9			X						2     3
	 1	5113.5		X							2     3
15	36	   1.0		X							2     3
	34	  54.0		X							2     4
	 2	4855.3		X							3     2		See note in DQE write up regarding these two levels
	 1	4933.6		X							3     2
16	35	  13.9		X							2     4
	 6	4545.4			X						3     2
	 6	4545.4					X				2     3		Silicate value low; falls off silicate-theta &-salinity plots
	 4	4747.8		X							2     3
	 1	5017.4			X						3     2
18	36	   0.6		X							2     4
19	36	   2.9		X							2     4
	35	  13.8		X							2     4
	16	3633.2			X						3     2
	 2	5060.3		X							2     3
20	36	   3.0		X							2     4
	35	  16.3		X							2     4
	22	2263.2			X						3     2
21	36	   1.7		X							2     4
	35	  15.7		X							2     4
22	31	 306.0	X								4     2
	28	 805.5		X							3     2
	25	1507.6		X							2     3
	 5	4748.1			X						3     2
23	35	  12.9		X							2     4
	16	3634.1			X						3     2
	 4	5519.8		X							2     3
24	36	   3.1		X							2     4
	35	  15.9		X							2     4
	34	  56.8		X							2     4
	32	 205.0	X								4     2
	15	3830.3			X						3     2
25	36	   2.0		X							3     2
	35	  15.4		X							3     2
26	36	   1.9		X							3     2
	35	  11.5		X							3     2
	34	  56.1	X								4     2
	33	 106.4		X							3     2
	32	 205.7		X							3     4
	13	3820.9		X							2     3
27	 2	4853.7		X							3     2
28	33	 105.3		X							3     2
	13	2708.8			X						3     2
29	24	   3.2		X							3     4
	23	  14.1		X							3     2
	22	  54.0		X							3     2
	21	 103.7		X							3     2
	20	 204.0		X							3     2
30	 4	2310.3		X							2     3
31	25	   1.6		X							2     3
	23	  55.1		X							2     3
	22	 105.2		X							2     4
	12	1206.3		X							2     3
	 3	2412.1		X							2     3
32	24	  10.2		X							2     3
	23	  55.5	X								4     2
	 1	2619.7		X							2     3
34	26	  15.0		X							3     4
	25	  55.2		X							3     4
	25	  55.2			X						4     3
	10	2225.8			X						3     2
	 9	2327.3			X						3     2
	51	2731.7			X	X	X	X	X	X			Report states bottle may have leaked; values look acceptable.
													Change bottle code 3 to 2; all prop codes from 4 to 2
	 2	2937.3			X						3     2
35	33	   3.0		X							3     2
	32	  16.3		X							3     2
	31	  55.6		X							3     2
35	30	 106.1		X							3     2
36	28	 506.8				X					4     2
	27	 607.7				X					4     2
	25	 809.5				X					4     2
	19	1821.6				X					4     2
	14	2838.3			X						3     2
37	51	3142.5			X	X	X	X	X	X			Report states bottle may have leaked; values look acceptable.
													Change bottle and sample codes to 2; salinity and silicate to 3.
38	36	   3.2		X							2     4
39	36	   3.6		X							2     4
	34	  56.1	X								4     2
	33	 106.3	X								4     2
	32	 206.3	X								4     2
40	36	   3.0	X								4     2
	34	  56.2	X								4     2
	 1	4817.6		X							3     2
41	33	 106.5		X							3     4
42	36	   2.5		X							2     3
43	30	   2.3		X							2     4
44	31	  15.4		X							2     4
	14	2225.4					X				2		Silicate looks high; not on salt/theta curves; other nutrients OK.
	10	2836.3			X						3     2
45	31	  16.2		X							2     4
	12	2628.8			X						3     2
	 7	3123.5			X						3     2
	 2	3641.7								X	2     3		PO4 value appears high; falls below NO3/PO4 curve
46	33	   2.6		X							3     4
	28	 307.5	X								4     2
	 8	3042.2					X						Silicate looks ~1 unit low; not on salt/theta curves; other nuts OK.
47	35	   2.9		X							2     3
48	36	   2.4		X							2     3
	35	  17.2		X							2     4
	 1	4282.1		X							2     3
49	36	   3.2		X							2     4
	34	  55.5		X							2     4
50	35	  16.0		X							2     3
51	36	   6.5		X							2     3
	17	3031.5			X						3     2
	15	3451.3			X						3     2
	 4	4465.3			X						3     2
	 3	4532.8			X						3     2
	 2	4643.7			X						3     2
	 1	4700.6			X						3     2
52	35	  16.9		X							2     4
	23	1771.7				X					4     3
53	10	4348.8					X				3     2		There is a slight inflection over this depth range in other properties
	 9	4424.8					X				3     2		Data compare satisfactorily with silicates on stations 52 & 54.
	 8	4501.4					X				3     2
54	36	   4.2		X							3     4
	35	  17.6		X							3     2
	34	  57.1		X							3     2
	 2	5196.2		X							3     2
55	35	  12.4		X							2     3
	34	  57.4	X								4     2
	31	 308.1	X								4     2
	27	1251.1		X							2     3
57	16	3963.6			X	X	X	X	X	X	4     2		Silicate is high, but other properties satisfactory; accept data
	 2	5195.7		X							3     2
58	36	   4.3		X							3     2
	35	  17.9		X							3     4
	34	  57.2		X							3     2
59	23	2022.9		X							2     3
60	34	  56.2	X								4     3
	 2	4265.0		X							2     3
61	35	  11.7		X							2     4
	34	  56.4	X								4     3
	51	4218.1		X							3     2
62	36	   3.4		X							2     4
63	35	  16.4		X							2     4
	 6	3885.3				X					3     2
101	34	  58.9		X							2     3
	23	2026.7			X						3     2
	10	4362.4			X						3     2
	 3	5080.7		X							3     2
102	33	 108.2			X						4		If key entry error assumed, 35 vis 36, values fits property curve
	32	 208.2			X						3     2
	15	3657.5			X						4     3
	14	3759.6			X						4     2
64	31	 108.0			X						4     2
	30	 208.4			X						4     2
	29	 308.3			X						4     2
	25	 711.8		X							2     3
65	33	   3.6		X							3     4
	32	  17.2		X							3     2
	31	  57.0		X							3     2
	14	2433.0		X							2     3
	 2	3808.0			X						3     2
66	21	 711.4		X							2     3
	 2	3452.5		X							3     2
67	 1	3904.3		X							2     3
68	23	 703.5		X							2     3
69	25	 609.5		X							2     3
72	 1	4239.8		X							3     2
74	34	  56.7	X								4     2
77	30	   3.3		X							2     4
	22	 611.2		X							2     3
	13	2024.4			X						3     2
78	27	   2.4		X							2     4
	 1	3381.6		X							3     2
79	31	   2.5		X							2     3
	 4	3550.1					X				2     3
80	24	1009.1		X							2     3
	23	1213.9		X							2     3
	22	1410.8		X							2     3
	 1	4018.3		X							3     2
81	 1	3943.0		X							3     2
82	 7	2631.2		X							2     3
83	25	 106.8	X								4     2
	24	 207.4	X								4     2
	 1	3129.3			X						3     2
84	 2	2938.7		X							2     3
85	26	  48.1		X							2     3
86	17	 105.1	X								4     2
88	 4	2617.4		X							3     2
	 2	2617.5		X							3     2
	 6	2617.6		X							3     2
	 1	2617.9		X							3     2
	 3	2618.0		X							3     2
	 5	2618.1		X							3     2
89	 1	2215.7		X							3     2
90	23	   9.5		X							2     3
	 1	2392.9					X				2     3
91	 1	1461.9		X							3     2







WHPO DATA PROCESSING NOTES
      
DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------

05/05/98  Kozyr        CO2            Final (DQE'd) Data Submitted
          I have put the final CO2-related data file for the Pacific Ocean WOCE 
          Section P31 to the WHPO ftp INCOMING area. There are four CO2 
          parameters this time: Total CO2, alkalinity, pH, and pH temperature.

08/14/98  Diggs        CTD            Data Update
          P31 CTD file replaced by ODF/Delahoyde with new version.

11/11/98  Roemmich     SUM            Corrected station positions
          I double checked and indeed stations 101 and 102 were on 11 Feb and 
          were after station 63 and before 64.

11/11/98  Anderson     SUM/CTD/BTL    Reformatted by WHPO
           o  I have checked the P31 files and reformatted where necessary.
           o  I put them in INCOMING on whpo.
           o  Checked the ctd files.  All appear to be in the proper format.
           o  Changed EXPOCODE from 3250031/1 to 3250031_1.  
           o  Added time stamp.
           o  Stations 101 and 101 - The date in the .ctd file and the .sum were 
              different.  Talked to Dean about this.  See attached e-mail from 
              Dean.

          p31_hy.txt
           o  Only needed to change EXPOCODE from 3250031/1 to 3250031_1. 

          p31_su.txt
           o  Reformatted to conform with the WHPO format.  
           o  Changed EXPOCODE from 3250031/1 to 3250031_1.
           o  Stations 70, 71-91 - times for BE, BO, and EN are all the same.
           o  It is possible that sta. 77 which has a BE date of 021494 and time 
              of 2327 should have a date of 021594 for BO and EN, and
           o  sta. 82 which has a BE date of 021594 and time of 2226 should have 
              021694 for EN.
           o  Changed the day from 18 to 11 for stations 101 and 102 re Dean 
              Roemmich (see attached e-mail).
           o  Added time stamp.
          
                  >Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1998 11:07:53 -0800 (PST)
                  >From: Dean Roemmich <roem@beldar.ucsd.edu>
                  >To: sanderson@ucsd.edu
                  >Subject: p31
                  >
                  >Sarilee,
                  >
                  >I double checked and indeed stations 101 and 102 were
                  >on 11 Feb and were after station 63 and before 64.
                  >
                  >Dean


DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------
11/13/98  Diggs        SUM            Website Update
          I have also replaced the P31 sumfile since it reflects changes made to 
          the bottle file.

11/14/98  Diggs        CTD/BTL        Website Updated; Status changed to Public

11/16/98  Rosenberg    BTL            CTDOXY values missing
          There appears to be a problem with the P31 bottle data file. The 
          CTDOXY values aren't there  (the data column is there, but it's all -
          9's). I believe you guys already had some kind of problem with this 
          cruise.

          The trail begins with ODF - the bottle data appears to have left them 
          intact. I can't trust the version I've received as there could be all 
          kinds of other problems, so I'll have to wait till that gets sorted. 
          see ya,

11/17/98  Anderson     BTL/CTD        Reformatted by WHPO
          I have checked the new P31 files and reformatted where necessary. I 
          put them in INCOMING on whpo. I also noted that I had a date wrong in 
          one of the .wct files p31_0033.wct and I put that file in INCOMING 
          also. No problems that I could detect. The few things that I noted in 
          the old files had been taken care of in these files.

11/17/98  Diggs        SUM/BTL/CTD    Website Update; data files put online
          I have replaced the apparently preliminary BOTTLE data with final 
          BOTTLE data from ODF. I also replaced the preliminary CTD files with 
          final CTD files from ODF as well.  I have attached a postscript 
          documentation file from ODF that should be translated into PDF. Please 
          return the PDF document to me so that it can be included in the 
          webpage. I have also replaced the P31 sumfile since it reflects 
          changes made to the bottle file.

11/17/98  Rosenberg    CTD            DQE Begun

12/08/98  Rosenberg    CTD            DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO
          dqe report for CTD data is word file p31dqe.doc. I've ftp'd it to 
          Steve, and given a hard copy to Jerry. I've also given a copy to Dean 
          Roemmich and Frank Delahoyde. Recommended changes to the data files 
          await reply from Dean/Frank.

12/14/98  Key          C14            No C14 collected on P14N, P21 or P31

01/12/99  Warner       CFCs           Data requested by DB


DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------
02/04/99  Roemmich     DOC            List of Figs. Requested by dmb
          The list of figures needed, corresponding to the .DOC file for P31 
          follows below:
                         1.0.0    1.7.2.0
                         1.6.0    1.7.2.1
                         1.6.1    1.7.2.2
                         1.6.2    1.7.2.3
                         1.6.3    1.7.2.4
                         1.6.4    1.7.3.0
                         1.7.1.0  1.7.3.1

02/08/99  Roemmich     DOC            Figures were produced by ODF

03/29/99  Bartolacci   CO2/PH         Website Updated
          bottle data file has total carbon, alkalinity, ph and phtemp (this 
          can't be indicated on the public table)

03/29/99  Bartolacci   CO2            Data Update
          I've updated the bottle data file for p31,(3250031_1) to include 
            TCARB, ALKALI, PH, and PHTEMP.  
          As per Alex Kozyr's table, they're public.  
          I've edited the table to reflect the update.

04/06/99  Key          C14            No C14 collected on P31

05/06/99  Anderson     NUTs/S/O       DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO

10/08/99  Evans        DELHE3         Submitted for DQE

02/04/00  Kozyr        TCARBN/ALKALI  Final (DQE'd) Data Rcvd @ WHPO

06/09/00  Warner       CFCs           Submitted for DQE
          I just uploaded the WOCE P31 CFC data.  A report will soon follow.  
          Note that the second column (sample number) is just 100 times the cast 
          number plus the bottle number).  Let me know when it is merged, and 
          please remove me from the delinquents.

06/15/00  Warner       CFCs           Data are Public

07/10/00  Huynh        DOC            Website Updated; pdf, txt versions online

09/06/00  Uribe        SUM/CTD        New SUM & CTD files need to go online
           o  Directory 1998.11.17_P31_SA contains P31 data that has already 
              been put online.
           o  1998.11.17 S. Anderson sent in a revised directory with 
              ctd/sum/btl data.
           o  Bottle data matched the one online, however summary and ctd data 
              need to be uploaded
           o  they do not contain the most current version.
           o  Path to files pacific/p31/original/1998.11.17_P31_SA.
           o  No update of to_merge file was needed.

06/19/01  Swift        CTDTMP         Update Needed 
          An oceanographically-insignificant error in CTDTMP data for this 
          cruise has been found (ca. -0.00024 o T - 0.00036 degC).  A data 
          update is forthcoming. In the interim the corrected data files can be 
          obtained from: ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData/woce/crs
          

DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------
06/20/01  Johnson      CTD            Data Update; Processing error corrected
          revised data available by ftp  ODF has discovered a small error in the 
          algorithm used to convert ITS90 temperature calibration data to 
          IPTS68.  This error affects reported Mark III CTD temperature data for 
          most cruises that occurred in 1992-1999.  A complete list of affected 
          data sets appears below.

          ODF temperature calibrations are reported on the ITS90 temperature 
          scale.  ODF internally maintains these calibrations for CTD data 
          processing on the IPTS68 scale.  The error involved converting ITS90 
          calibrations to IPTS68.  The amount of error is close to linear with 
          temperature: approximately -0.00024 degC/degC, with a -0.00036 degC 
          offset at 0 degC.  Previously reported data were low by 0.00756 degC 
          at 30 degC, decreasing to 0.00036 degC low at 0 degC.  Data reported 
          as ITS90 were also affected by a similar amount.  CTD conductivity 
          calibrations have been recalculated to account for the temperature 
          change.  Reported CTD salinity and oxygen data were not significantly 
          affected.
          
          Revised final data sets have been prepared and will be available soon 
          from ODF (ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData).  The data will eventually 
          be updated on the whpo.ucsd.edu website as well.
          IPTS68 temperatures are reported for PCM11 and Antarktis X/5, as 
          originally submitted to their chief scientists.  ITS90 temperatures 
          are reported for all other cruises.

          Changes in the final data vs. previous release (other than temperature 
          and negligible differences in salinity/oxygen):
          S04P:  694/03 CTD data were not reported, but CTD values were reported 
          with the bottle data.  No conductivity correction was applied to these 
          values in the original .sea file.  This release uses the same 
          conductivity correction as the two nearest casts to correct salinity.
          AO94:  Eight CTD casts were fit for ctdoxy (previously uncalibrated) 
          and resubmitted to the P.I. since the original release.  The WHP-
          format bottle file was not regenerated.  The CTDOXY for the following 
          stations should be significantly different than the original .sea file 
          values:
              009/01 013/02 017/01 018/01 026/04 033/01 036/01 036/02 
          I09N: The 243/01 original CTD data file was not rewritten after 
          updating the ctdoxy fit.  This release uses the correct ctdoxy data 
          for the .ctd file.  The original .sea file was written after the 
          update occurred, so the ctdoxy values reported with bottle data should 
          be minimally different.
          ======================================================================
          DATA SETS AFFECTED:
          WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
            WOCE Section ID   P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            S04P             (Koshlyakov/Richman)  Feb.-Apr. 1992
            P14C             (Roemmich)            Sept. 1992
            PCM11            (Rudnick)             Sept. 1992
            P16A/P17A        (JUNO1)  (Reid)       Oct.-Nov. 1992
            P17E/P19S        (JUNO2)  (Swift)      Dec. 1992 - Jan. 1993
            P19C             (Talley)              Feb.-Apr. 1993  
            P17N             (Musgrave)            May-June 1993
            P14N             (Roden)               July-Aug. 1993
            P31              (Roemmich)            Jan.-Feb. 1994
            A15/AR15         (Smethie)             Apr.-May 1994   
            I09N             (Gordon)              Jan.-Mar. 1995
            I08N/I05E        (Talley)              Mar.-Apr. 1995
            I03              (Nowlin)              Apr.-June 1995
            I04/I05W/I07C    (Toole)               June-July 1995
            I07N             (Olson)               July-Aug. 1995
            I10              (Bray/Sprintall)      Nov. 1995   
            ICM03            (Whitworth)           Jan.-Feb. 1997

          non-WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            Antarktis X/5    (Peterson)            Aug.-Sept. 1992
            Arctic Ocean 94  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1994
            Preliminary Data - WILL BE CORRECTED FOR FINAL RELEASE ONLY
              NOT YET AVAILABLE: 
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            WOCE-S04I        (Whitworth)           May-July 1996   
            Arctic Ocean 97  (Swift)               Sept.-Oct. 1997
            HNRO7            (Talley)              June-July 1999
            KH36             (Talley)              July-Sept. 1999

          "Final" Data from cruise dates prior to 1992, or cruises which 
              did not use NBIS CTDs, are NOT AFFECTED.
          post-1991 Preliminary Data NOT AFFECTED:
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            Arctic Ocean 96  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1996
            WOCE-A24 (ACCE)  (Talley)              May-July 1997
            XP99             (Talley)              Aug.-Sept. 1999
            KH38             (Talley)              Feb.-Mar. 2000
            XP00             (Talley)              June-July 2000
          

DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------
07/09/01  Wisegarver   CFCs           Updated files submitted
          The directory this information has been stored in is:
            20010709.183026_WISEGARVER_P31
          The format type is:  ASCII   
          The data type is:  BottleFile 
          The Bottle File has the following parameters:  CFC-11, CFC-12
          The Bottle File contains:  CastNumber   StationNumber 
                                     BottleNumber SampleNumber
          And would like the following done to the data:  MERGE CFC DATA
          Any additional notes are:  CFC DATA ON SIO98 SCALE
          WISEGARVER, DAVID would like the data PUBLIC.

11/16/01  Bartolacci   CFCs           Data Ready to be Merged
          I have placed the updated CFC data file sent by Wisegarver into the P 
            31 original directory in a  subdirectory called 
            2001.07.09_P31_CFC_UPDT_WISEGARVER 
          This directory contains data, and multiple documentation and readme 
            files(due to multiple submission at tempts). data are ready for 
            merging

01/07/02  Uribe        CTD            Website Updated; CSV File Added
          CTD has been converted to exchange using the new code and put online.

01/17/02  Hajrasuliha  CTD            Internal DQE completed
          created .ps files, check with gs viewer.  Created  o check.txt file.

02/15/02  Talley       He/Tr          Not Measured
          Mike - can't answer most of the questions from here, but for P31, 
          Hautala was a postdoc at SIO at the time of the cruise, and there is 
          no helium/tritium for P31.

02/26/02  Muus         CFC-11/CFC-12  Website Updated; New BTL/CSV files online
          Merged CFC-11 and CFC-12 into web bottle file. Put new woce format and 
            exchange format bottle files on-line.
          Notes on P31  merging     Feb 26, 2002  D.Muus
            1.  Merged CFCs from: /usr/export/html-
                public/data/onetime/pacific/p31/original/ 
                2001.07.09_P31_CFC_UPDT_WISEGARVER/20010709.183026_WISEGARVER
                _P31/20010709.183026_WISEGARVER_P31_p31_CFC_DQE.dat
                into bottle file from web (19990324WHPOSIODMB)
            2.  SEA file had no QUALT2 word and new CFCs have quality 2 codes so 
                added QUALT2 identical to QUALT1 prior to merging.
            3.  Made new exchange file for Bottle data.
            4.  Checked new bottle file with Java Ocean Atlas.

03/06/02  Talley       Nitrite        One bad quality code?
          There is a bad nitrite:
          Station 7, bottle 9 (3328 dbar)  nitrite value of 0.53; quality flag 
            is 2.  It should be 4, I'm guessing.
          We will ignore it in our plotting - hope the problem can be tracked 
            down quickly and the quality flag adjusted on the website.
          Everything else looks great!  Thanks very much - Lynne

03/06/02  Muus         Nitrite        One bad value
          I checked with Kristin and she found the nitrite value was wrong, not 
          the quality code. Correct values for P31 Sta 7,
          Sample 109 are:  Nitrate  34.21  not  33.68 
                           Nitrite   0.00  not   0.53
          Both have quality flag 2. I'll correct the web file also.


DATE      CONTACT      DATA TYPE      DATA STATUS SUMMARY
--------  -----------  -------------  ------------------------------------------
03/06/02  Muus         NITRIT/NITRAT  Website Updated; stations corrected
          o  Corrected sta. 7, cst. 1, samp. 9 in btl and exchange files
          o  Corrected Station 7, Cast 1, Sample 9 Nitrate and Nitrite on both 
             woce format bottle file and exchange bottle file.

08/14/02  Muus         CTDTEMP/THETA  Website Updated; temperatures revised
          Merged revised ODF temperatures into current web bottle file. Replaced 
            CTD files with revised ODF files. New bottle and ctd files now on 
            web with new exchange files. 
          Notes on P31 merging:
            1.  Merged P31 CTDTMP and THETA from ODF Revised Temperature file:
                  /usr/export/ftp/pub/HydroData/woce/p31/p31hyd.zip 
                  into bottle file (p31hy.txt 20020306WHPOSIODM)
            2.  Replaced CTD data files with Revised ODF CTD files with 
                  corrected temperatures from:
                  /usr/export/ftp/pub/HydroData/woce/p31/p31ctd.zip
                Changed file names from sss01.ctd to p31_0sss.wct where sss = 
                  Station Number to conform to present WOCE file name format.
            3.  Made new exchange files for CTD and Bottle data. Stations 101 
                  and 102 were occupied between Stations 63 and 64 so zipped 
                  file has 101 & 102 out of order.
            4.  Checked new data file with Java Ocean Atlas.

07/29/03  Kappa        DOC            PDF & Text docs updated
          o  added cfc dqe reports to both docs
          o  added WHPO-generated cruise track to pdf doc
          o  updated all figs in pdf doc for clarity
          o  corrected several links within the pdf doc
          o  added these WHPO Data Processing Notes


