Last Updated 2001.07.23
Figures are available in the PDF version.



A.  Cruise Narrative

1.  Highlights:  WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

WOCE section designation           I10
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  316N145_13
Chief Scientist(s)                 Nan Bray
Dates                              1995.11.11 - 1995.11.28
Ship                               R/V Knorr
Ports of call                      Dampier, Australia and Singapore
Number of stations                 61

Geographic boundaries                                 8°59.94'S
    of the stations                105°37.80'E                      112°46.18'E
                                                     24°46.93'S

Floats and drifters deployed       Nine ALACE floats
Moorings deployed or recovered     none
	

WHP CRUISE AND DATA INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT

Cruise Summary Information                    Hydrographic Measurements
Description of scientific program                CTD - general
                                                 CTD - pressure
Geographic boundaries of the survey              CTD - temperature
Cruise track (figure)                            CTD - conductivity/salinity
Description of stations                          CTD - dissolved oxygen
Description of parameters sampled
Bottle depth distributions (figure)            Salinity
Floats and drifters deployed                   Oxygen
Moorings deployed or recovered                 Nutrients
                                               CFCs
Principal Investigators for all measurements   Helium
Cruise Participants                            Tritium
                                               Radiocarbon
Problems and goals not achieved                CO2 system parameters
Other incidents of note                        Other parameters

Underway Data Information                      Acknowledgments

Navigation                                     References
Bathymetry

° Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)     DQE Reports (none available)
Thermosalinograph and related measurements       CTD 
XBT and/or XCTD                                  S/O2/nutrients 
Meteorological observations                      CFCs 
Atmospheric chemistry data                       14C 
Data Status Notes

° for a complete ADCP report see: Chereskin, T.K. and Harris, C.L., "Shipboard 
  Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling During the WOCE Indian Ocean Expedition: 
  I10", SIO Reference No. 97-14, Dec 1997.


2.  Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section I-10 runs from Shark Bay, Western Australia, to the Indonesian EEZ 
boundary, 120 nm south of Sunda Strait (the midpoint between Java and Christmas 
Island).  As originally planned, the section was to coincide with the WOCE XBT 
section IX1 (Figure A2-1). Constraints imposed by the Indonesian government as 
part of the clearance agreement necessitated moving the endpoint of the section 
from Sunda Strait to central Java.  Regrettably, at the last moment the 
Indonesian government denied clearance to work in the EEZ, and we completed the 
section by taking stations along the EEZ boundary back to the longitude of the 
original section, (Figure A2-1).  At the same time as the I-10 section, a high-
density XBT/XCTD section was run by Meyers and Wjiffels of the Australian CSIRO.  
At the Shark Bay end of the I-10 hydrographic section, ten stations across the 
shelf and slope were occupied twice to resolve the Leeuwin Current.

There were a total of 61 small volume stations occupied during I-10. On all 
stations, CTDO2 and nutrients were measured, and lowered ADCP velocity data 
were taken.  In addition, CO2, alkalinity, C14, radium-228, CFCs and 3He/3H 
were sampled at most stations.  Rosette casts at 57 stations were made to within 
10 meters of the bottom. The other four casts (above the Java Trench) were 
made to the maximum CTD and LADCP depth rating of 6000 meters (Figure A2-
2).  The CTD and tracer measurements are described more fully in Section C 
below. Underway measurements of sea surface temperature and salinity, 
meteorological variables and pCO2 were also made. 

Direct measurements of ocean velocity were taken on I-10, using two acoustic 
Doppler current profiler (ADCP) systems and accurate navigation data.  The two 
systems are the hull-mounted ADCP and a lowered ADCP mounted on the 
rosette with the CTD.  The purpose of the observations was to document the 
upper ocean horizontal velocity structure along the cruise track, and to measure 
vertical profiles of the horizontal velocity components at the individual 
hydrographic stations.  The observations provide absolute velocity estimates 
including the ageostrophic component of the flow.  Underway near-surface 
velocities from the hull-mounted ADCP are shown in Figure A2-3.  Figure A2-4 
shows the zonal flow from 25 S to 12 S, between Australia and Indonesia, from 
the lowered ADCP.

Nine ALACE floats were released at locations denoted by diamonds in Figure 
A2-1.


3.  List of Principal Investigators

PI               Measurement     Institution  email
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Nan Bray         CTD/O2/Nutrients  SIO        nbray@ucsd
John Toole       CTD/O2/Nutrients  WHOI       jtoole@whoi
Rana Fine        CFCs              RSMAS      rfine@rsmas.miami.edu
Teri Chereskin   ADCP/LADCP        SIO        tchereskin@ucsd
Russ Davis       ALACE floats      SIO        redavis@ucsd
William Jenkins  3He/3H            WHOI       wjenkins@whoi
Robert Key       CO2,alkalinity    Princeton  key@geo.Princeton
Chris Sabine                                  sabine@geo.Princeton
Jorge Sarmiento                               jls@geo.Princeton
Robert Key       radium-228,C14    Princeton  key@geo.Princeton


4.  Scientific Program and Methods

a.  Cruise Scientific Objectives

The eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean, unlike other oceans, is "leaky", in 
the sense that a substantial transport of mass, heat and freshwater enters the 
basin from the Pacific through passages in the Indonesian Archipelago.  This 
transport (or "throughflow" as it is often called) has a major impact on the 
distribution of properties in the Indian Ocean, and is a key element in the 
global thermohaline circulation.  Because the throughflow occurs at low latitude 
and is surface-intensified, it carries water that is quite warm and extremely 
fresh into the upper Indian Ocean [Sharma, 1972].  Thus even small net 
transports of throughflow water can have significant impact on the heat and 
freshwater budgets of the Indian Ocean.  Because the throughflow occurs in the 
upper ocean, it is modulated strongly by seasonal and semi-annual variations in 
the wind: the Indian Ocean monsoons, making difficult the estimation of average 
net transport.  Evidence from repeat XBT data [Meyers et al, 1993] suggest that 
the seasonal/semi-annual variance of upper-ocean transport is comparable to the 
mean estimated over decadal time-scale.  Comparatively little is understood 
about the deeper circulation in this area.

The observational challenge for this region is to quantify the mass, heat, 
freshwater and related property transports through the Indonesian Archipelago, 
with estimates of their variability.  Section I-10 was drawn to run between the 
coast of Australia and the coast of Sumatra, thereby encompassing the 
Archipelago throughflow sources (the major passages lie east of the sampling 
line) and any flow over the Australian shelf.  To address the variability issue, 
the planned section was aligned with WOCE XBT section IX1, which was occupied 
more than 100 times over the last decade [Meyers et al., 1993].  This 
hydrographic section was further occupied by the Australians in April and 
September of 1995 (IR6), making a total of three occupations in different 
seasons during the Indian Ocean WOCE Expedition [Cresswell et al, 1995, Wijffels 
et al., 1995].  Lastly in conjunction with each of the hydrographic sections, a 
high-density VOS sampling cruise was conducted.

Historically, the maximum throughflow occurs during northern summer, the period 
of the South Monsoon which has an easterly component in this part of the Indian 
Ocean.  One explanation for this maximum is that coastal upwelling along the 
south coast of Java, resulting from the monsoon winds, induces a drop in sea 
level on the Indian Ocean side of the Archipelago, and a corresponding 
enhancement of the large-scale pressure gradient that supports the throughflow 
[Wyrtki, 1987].  At the same time of year, the alongshore coastal current 
generated by that upwelling opposes the eastward-flowing South Java Current 
(SJC), resulting in a seasonal minimum in SJC transport.  Recent data in this 
region [Fieux, et al., 1994; Fieux; et al., submitted] are available from a low 
resolution section in August of 1989, and a higher resolution survey in February 
of 1992.  With this coverage, there will be at least one cruise in each season, 
and two during the maximum throughflow period in August/September, in the period 
1989-1995.

b.  Cruise Summary

The I-10 cruise embarked in the port of Dampier, Australia, on the 11th of 
November.  After conducting a test station off Northwest Cape, we steamed to 
the offshore station in the Leewin Current section off Shark Bay.  Two 
occupations of a cross-shelf section were made, the first Sta 1015-1024, worked 
towards shallow water; the second occupation ran back out towards deep water 
with Sta 1033 at the site of Sta 1015.  We then headed more or less north, 
diverging from the VOS XBT and Australian repeat sections to intersect the 
Indonesian EEZ at a point specified by the Indonesian Military Security, who 
objected to our original cruise track that approached quite close to Sunda 
Strait.  

We maintained a station separation of about 55 km along that part of the 
section, except near the water mass boundary usually found near 15 S, where 
stations were spaced 40 km apart (centered on station 1052).  By the time we 
reached the edge of the EEZ (station 1061), we had been notified that Indonesian 
clearance had been denied, and altered the track to follow the EEZ boundary back 
to the original cruise track. This segment of the sampling line, a re-occupation 
of stations taken by the Australians in September of 1995, ran obliquely through 
the South Equatorial Current and the southern end of the Java Current (Fig A2-
2). We finished station work with Sta 1075 on the original cruise track, about 
120 nm south of Sunda Strait.  [The station fell at the edge of the EEZ boundary 
between Christmas Is (Australia) and the Java coast.]

As can be seen in the vertical section plots (Figures A4-1 to A4-12), the 
section resolved the shallow Leewin Current, with a surprisingly strong, 
subsurface northward counterflow over the slope off Western Australia.  Waters 
of the Subtropical Gyre dominate the southern part of the section, while waters 
with Indonesian throughflow characteristics occupied the upper ocean north of 
about 15 S.  A particularly strong westward current carrying waters with 
throughflow characteristics was observed along the boundary of the Indonesian 
EEZ, and was resolved by the lowered ADCP measurements.  Along the majority of 
the track, the CTD geostrophic velocity and LADCP velocity compare favorably.  
Along the EEZ boundary, the CTD section was more or less parallel to the strong 
current, and there we will have to rely upon the LADCP measurements to provide 
transport estimates, though the properties were of course well-identified by the 
CTD section.

The quality of the CTD and bottle data from the section is excellent. Salinity 
differences in the deep water between the CTD and the salinometer were routinely 
1 or 2 ppm.  Oxygen and nutrient data were similarly of excellent quality, with 
very few mis-trips or other problems with the bottle data.  The ODF operation 
was extremely smooth and competent, and the preliminary data look really good.  
The only exception is that we had trouble with the oxygen sensor 
on the CTD, as described below.

The CFC concentrations in the thermocline go through a major transition. Highest 
concentrations of 3.5 pM/kg were observed in the subtropical gyre waters at the 
southern end of the leg, intermediate concentrations in the throughflow waters, 
and then lowest concentrations equatorward of the throughflow waters at the 
northwestern end of the leg. The strongest gradient is across the transition 
between the subtropical gyre and throughflow waters.  The average concentra-
tions were 510 pptr CFC-12 and 267 pptr CFC-11.


c.  Interlaboratory calibrations: none.

d.  Vertical sections: Figures A4-1 to A4-11.


5.  Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved.

The major objective not achieved was measurement within the Indonesian EEZ--
specifically, resolution of the energetic South Java Current.  In a last minute 
reversal, the Indonesian government denied clearance for us to enter the EEZ to 
pick up the observers they required us to have on board while working in the 
EEZ.  Although this denial was subsequently deemed illegal by the US Embassy, at 
the time it was issued we had no alternative but to alter our course to remain 
outside the EEZ.  We had previously altered the original station plan according 
to requirements from the Indonesian government.  Thus we ended up with a "Z" 
shaped section (see Figure A2-1), with the top leg of the Z adjacent to the EEZ 
boundary between Indonesia and Australia's Christmas Island.  The Australians 
occupied the same stations along the EEZ  when they were denied clearance by the 
Indonesians in September. The last station on I-10 (1075) is on the original 
cruise track line, as are the southernmost stations that cross the Leeuwin 
Current.

Although we could not sample the SJC as we intended, there are some 
compensating measurements:  a high-density XBT/XCTD section was run only 
days before I-10 reached the area, and on that cruise XCTDs were dropped in 
the region of the SJC.  Also, even though the CTD stations along the EEZ 
boundary are roughly parallel to the axis of flow, and therefore ill-suited to 
determine the current by geostrophy, the lowered ADCP worked well and gave 
us both components of velocity throughout the water column.  By the end of the 
section, we were within about 120 nm of the south coast of Java, since the EEZ 
from Christmas Is. splits the distance between Java and Christmas.  We believe 
we may have sampled the outer edge of the SJC toward the end of the section. 
We also deployed ALACE floats along the top of the "Z", and those should give 
us a time-integrated measure of the intermediate level flow along the boundary.

Our second significant problem was that the oxygen sensors on the CTD were not 
particularly reliable:  we went through three sensors over the course of the 
cruise.  All three failed due to apparent pressure effects, and there are 
several stations with incomplete and/or uncalibratible CTD-oxygen data.  To some 
extent, this lack is offset by the excellent bottle O2 data set (see Figure A4-
7).  The sensor problem seems to be one of manufacture quality control, and 
should be addressed before future cruises.

6.  Other Incidents of Note:  

The Thanksgiving holiday was celebrated mid-cruise.  Thanks to the exceptional 
efforts of Steward Mitch Barros, Robin Love Nay and Ju Ju Fernandes and a 
host of volunteers, a veritable feast was created  and enjoyed by all aboard.


7.  List of Cruise Participants

Name                Title                    Affiliation    Duties
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nan Bray            Assoc Res Oceanographer  SIO            Chief Scientist
John Toole          Assoc Scientist          WHOI           Co-PI/Btl 
                                                            Data/Rosette
Mulia Purba         Assoc Professor          Indonesia      Co-PI/Sample Cop
Carl W. Mattson     Pr Electronic Tech       STS/ODF        TIC/Watch Leader/
                                                            ET/Rosette
John Boaz           Marine Tech              STS/ODF        Watch Leader/
                                                            O2/Rosette/Btl data
Stacey R. Morgan    SRA                      STS/ODF        Nutrients
Ron Patrick         SRA                      STS/ODF        Nutrients
Craig M. Hallman    SRA                      STS/ODF        Oxygen/Salt/Rosette
Kristin Sanborn     SRA                      STS/ODF        Bottle data/Oxygen
Frank Delahoyde     Pr Programmer            STS/ODF        CTD data Processing
Woody Sutherland    Manager                  STS            Salt/Rosette
Werner Morawitz     Postdoc Investigator     SIO            CTD Console/Rosette
Joanna Muench       Postdoc Investigator     WHOI           CTD Console/Rosette
Susan Hautala       Assist Prof              UW             Ctd Console/Rosette
Spicer Conant       SRA                      SIO            Salt/Rosette
Teresa Chereskin    Assoc Res Oceanographer  SIO            LADCP/ADCP
Chris Sabine        Research Staff           Princeton      TCO2/Alkalinity
Marion Markham      Lab Assist               Princeton      TCO2/Alkalinity
Sue Boehme          Postdoc Fellow           Rutgers        TCO2/Alkalinity
Gerard Mcdonald     Sr Res Assist            Princeton      TCO2/Alkalinity
Tonalee Key         Tech Staff               Princeton/OTL  C14/Ra-228
Kevin F. Sullivan   Marine Tech Spec         RSMAS          CFC
Jorina Waworuntu    Grad student             RSMAS          CFC
Dempsey Lott        Research Specialist      WHOI           He/Tr
Joshua Curtice      Research Specialist      WHOI           He/Tr
Mike Thatcher       SSSG Tech                WHOI           Res Tech
Ahmad Najid         Scientist                Indonesia      Observer
I. Nyoman M. Naith  Student                  U Indonesia    Sampling
Yuli Naulita        Student                  U Indonesia    Sampling


B.  Underway Measurements

1.  Navigation and bathymetry

A Trimble P-code receiver was used for navigation and was recorded once per 
second for the entire cruise.  Precision code (P-code) GPS was available from 
11-18 November. P-code was lost on 19 November, when the new codes (unavailable 
for this cruise) went into effect. Standard GPS was recorded for the remainder 
of the cruise.  The Ashtech receiver uses a four antennae array to measure 
position and attitude. The heading estimate was used with the gyro to provide a 
heading correction for the ADCP ensembles.  The Ashtech data was stored by the 
ADCP user-exit program along with the ADCP data. 

Underway bathymetry was logged manually from the ship's 12 kHz Raytheon PDR at 
five-minute intervals, then merged with the navigation data.


2.  ADCP

The hull-mounted ADCP is part of the ship's equipment aboard the KNORR.  The 
ADCP is a 150 kHz unit manufactured by RD Instruments.  The instrument pings 
about once per second, and for most of the cruise the data were stored as 3-
minute averages or ensembles.  A user-exit program, ue4, receives and stores 
both the GPS navigation data from the ship's Trimble receiver and the Ashtech 
GPS receiver headings along with the ADCP data.  The GPS data are used to 
determine the velocity of the ship for the purposes of the ADCP processing.  The 
ship gyro is providing heading information for vector averaging the ADCP data 
over the 3-minute ensembles.  The user-exit program calculates and stores the 
heading offset based on the difference between the heading determination from 
the Ashtech receiver and from the ship's gyrocompass.  The ADCP transducer is 
mounted at a depth of about 5 meters below the waterline of the ship. 

As setup parameters, we used a blanking interval of 4 meters, a vertical pulse 
length of 8 meters, and a vertical bin size of 8 meters.  A 3 minute sampling 
interval was used for the entire cruise. Bottom tracking was activated during 
the shallow water transits near the Australian coast.  For the processing of the 
ADCP data aboard ship, we used a rotation amplitude of 1.007, a rotation angle 
of -0.5 degrees (added to the gyro minus GPS heading), and a time filter width 
of 0.0208 days (30 minutes).  Final editing and calibration of the ADCP data has 
not yet been done.  For example, some spikes due to pinging off the CTD wire or 
rosette on station are still present in the data.

A complete set of preliminary plots was generated during the cruise. The plots 
consist of: vector plots with velocity averaged over several depth intervals, 
and over one hour in time; and contour plots of u (positive east) and v 
(positive north) typically averaged over 0.1 degree of longitude or latitude, 
depending on the track.  The velocity was measured from a depth of 21 meters to 
a depth of about 300 meters, typically, during the first part of the cruise.


3.  Thermosalinograph and undissolved O2 etc.

Thermosalinograph data were collected underway, and were logged as part of 
the IMET data (see section C5 below).  In addition, the pCO2 of the air and 
surface water were analyzed along the cruise track with an automated system.  
(See also Section C4.) Alternate readings of air pumped from the bow and air 
equilibrated with surface water supplied from the ship's uncontaminated seawater 
supply were made using a non-dispersive infrared analyzer. Together with the 
ship's navigational and IMET data, these pCO2 measurements will be used to 
calculate the flux of CO2 along the cruise track.


4.  XBT and XCTD:  none


5.  Meteorological observations

The following IMET sensors were installed and in use during I10.

Type                      Serial Number         Label
----------------------------------------------------------
Air Temperature           119                   TMP
Barometric Pressure       118                   BPR
Precipitation             113                   PRC
Relative Humidity         115                   HRH
Sea Surface Temperature   Falmouth Scientific:  OCM-TH-212
Short Wave Radiation      105                   SWR
Wind Speed and Direction  002                   WND


The data were logged to ASCII text files, one per day.  The files are named 
YYMMDD.dat, where YYM MDD is the year, month, and day which is covered in 
the file.  Logging began on November 11 at 01:03 UTC, and ended on November 
25 at 00:50 UTC.

The following data items were recorded once per minute during this cruise:

Item # & Name   Description
------------------------------------------------------
003|  CTIME     Computer time
009|  GYRO      Ship's heading (Gyro syncro)
021|  SPDLOG    Ship's speed (EDO Speedlog)
024|  SSCND     Sea surface conductivity (mmho/cm)
025|  SSTMP     Sea surface temperature (C)
029|  GP20P_TP  Port GPS 200 time & position
034|  GP20S_TP  Stbd GPS 200 time & position
036|  GPS_COG   GPS course over ground
039|  GPS_SOG   GPS speed over ground
040|  GPS_TP    GPS time & position
042|  IMET_AIR  Air temperature (degrees C)
043|  IMET_BPR  Barometric pressure (millibars)
045|  IMET_HUM  Relative humidity (percent)
048|  IMET_PRC  Precipitation (millimeters)
050|  IMET_SWR  Short wave radiation (watts/sq m)
051|  IMET_WNC  Compass reading (degrees) [NOT IN USE]
052|  IMET_WND  Wind direction (ship relative)
053|  IMET_WNS  Wind speed (m/s, ship relative)

Known Problems

The IMET_WND - There is a faulty board in the wind sensor.  As a result the  
wind speed will occasionally jump to an unreasonably high value, such as 100+  
meters per second for a period of about one minute.  At these times, the  
compass (WNC) will often register a fictitious reading (it should read 0.0 as it 
has been disconnected) and wind direction (WND) will sometimes log a "?" 
character.  Data logged from this instrument was only 92% reliable for this 
cruise.  There is a new wind sensor being shipped to Singapore which will be 
installed during the port stop.

P-Code GPS (GPS_TP): The ship lost it's P-Code on November 18, at 23:58 UTC.  
This was due to the Military's change of encryption codes for the device.  A  
valid KYK keying device is waiting for the ship in Singapore.

There were a few gaps in the data during the cruise.  Any gap longer than 15  
minutes while under way, and any gap longer than one hour while on station are  
listed below, with a short explanation of each.  If only a subset of the data 
items are missing for the period indicated, the missing items will be listed 
along with the notes.  In the table below OS stands for on station, and UW 
stands for under way.


Date   Start  Stop   Length  UW/OS  Notes (Including data affected)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/16  05:04  06:51  01:46    OS    WNC, WND, WNS-Instrument out of sync 
                                    needed power cycling

11/17  05:29  05:50  00:21    UW    *ALL Sensors* Data logging computer failed
       05:59  06:48  00:49    UW    SSCND, SSTMP, AIR, BPR, HUM, PRC, SWR,
                                    WNC, WND, WNS - Power Supply Failure
       07:13  08:05  00:59    OS    AIR- Instrument out of sync needed power 
                                    cycling

11/19  20:44  23:05  02:21   Both   WNC, WND, WNS-Instrument out of sync 
                                    needed power cycling



6.  Atmospheric Chemistry:  none 


                    World Ocean Circulation Experiment
                             Indian Ocean I10
                        R/V Knorr Voyage 145 Leg 13
                            11-28 November 1995
                     Dampier, W. Australia - Singapore
                           Expocode:  316N145/13

                             Chief Scientist:
           Janet Sprintall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
             (initially Dr. Nan Bray, now at CSIRO/Australia)


                             I10 Cruise Track

                     Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF)
                            Final Cruise Report
                               12 April 2001

                            Data Submitted by:
                        Oceanographic Data Facility
                    Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                          La Jolla, CA 92093-0214



DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

1.  Basic Hydrography Program

The basic hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and
nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements made from
bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts, plus pressure, temperature, salinity
and dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles.  62 CTD/rosette casts were made,
usually to within 5-10 meters of the bottom.  Station 1076 was a test cast
to the bottom, ~6500 meters, with the LADCP removed and an FSI OPM pressure
sensor attached to the CTD; it is not reported with these final WOCE data.
9 ALACE floats were also deployed during this cruise.

The ship departed from Dampier, W. Australia on November 11, 1995.  The
first line was occupied twice: stations 1015 to 1024 ran slightly south of
east from a position in the Leeuwin Current towards the Australian coast
off Shark Bay.  Stations 1025-1033 were repeat casts at the same locations
as stations 1023-1015.  Then the track headed in a direction slightly east
of north to station 1061, at the edge of the Indonesian EEZ.  The
Indonesians did not give permission to enter their EEZ, so the last section
ran in a northwesterly direction, following the EEZ boundary toward the
planned cruisetrack.  The last WOCE station 1075 was on the intended track,
about halfway between the west end of Java and Christmas Island on the EEZ
boundary.  The ship returned to Singapore on November 28, 1995.

1737 bottles were tripped resulting in 1734 usable bottles.  No
insurmountable problems were encountered during any phase of the operation.
The resulting data set met and in many cases exceeded WHP specifications.
The distribution of samples is illustrated in Figure 1.0.


Figure 1.0: I10 sample distribution, stas 1015-1075


2.  Water Sampling Package

Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a rosette system
consisting of a 36-bottle rosette frame (ODF), a 36-place pylon (General
Oceanics 1016) and 36 10-liter PVC bottles (ODF).  Underwater electronic
components consisted of an ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and
associated sensors, SeaTech transmissometer (TAMU), RDI LADCP (UofH),
Benthos altimeter and Benthos pinger.  The CTD was mounted horizontally
along the bottom of the rosette frame, with the transmissometer, a
SensorMedics dissolved oxygen sensor and an FSI secondary PRT sensor
deployed next to the CTD.  The LADCP was vertically mounted to the frame
inside the bottle rings.  The altimeter provided distance-above-bottom in
the CTD data stream.  The pinger was monitored during a cast with a
precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's laboratory.  The rosette
system was suspended from a three-conductor 0.322" electro-mechanical
cable.  Power to the CTD and pylon was provided through the cable from the
ship.  Separate conductors were used for the CTD and pylon signals.  The
transmissometer, dissolved oxygen, secondary temperature and altimeter were
interfaced with the CTD, and their data were incorporated into the CTD data
stream.  Deep Sea Reversing Thermometers (DSRTs) were used occasionally on
this leg to monitor for CTD pressure or temperature drift.

The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to each
cast.  All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation.
The bottles were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked.  Time,
position and bottom depth were logged by the console operator at arrival on
station.  The rosette was deployed from the starboard side of the main
deck.  Each rosette cast was lowered to within 5-10 meters of the bottom,
unless the bottom returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely
poor or the bottom depth exceeded the range of the instrumentation.
Stations 1071 through 1075, casts 1, were lowered to 6000 meters (~ 6100 db
pressure), the maximum depth rating for the CTD and LADCP.  These five
casts were terminated between 66 and 500+ meters off the bottom, according
to readings from the PDR and/or altimeter.

Bottles on the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number.
Usually these numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36,
where the first (deepest) bottle tripped was bottle #1.  Bottle #37
replaced bottle #3 only during station 1038, while repairs were made to
bottle #3.  There were three stations where the bottles were tripped in a
special sequence for freon blank checks.  The trip sequences, deepest to
shallowest, for these stations were bottles 16-36, then 1-15, at station
1038; bottles 12-36, then 1-11, at station 1066; and bottles 13-36, then
1-12, at station 1075.

Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were
associated with the bottle data during a cast.  Pressure, depth,
temperature, salinity and density were immediately available to facilitate
examination and quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and
laboratory analyses progressed.

Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse
of the launching with the additional use of air-tuggers for added
stabilization.  The rosette was moved into the starboard-side (forward)
hangar for sampling.  The bottles and rosette were examined before samples
were taken, and any unusual situations or circumstances were noted on the
sample log for the cast.

Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and CTD O2
sensors in distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability.  The
rosette was stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was
not exposed to direct sunlight or wind, in order to maintain the internal
CTD temperature near ambient air temperature.

Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis.  O-rings were changed
as necessary and bottle maintenance was performed each day to insure proper
closure and sealing.  Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or
replaced as needed.

The transmissometer windows were cleaned prior to deployment approximately
every 20 casts.  The air readings were noted in the TAMU transmissometer
log book after each cleaning.  Transmissometer data were monitored for
potential problems during every cast.

The R/V Knorr's port-side Markey CTD winch was used for all I10 casts.

3.  Underwater Electronics Packages

CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1).  This
instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2
channels, and additionally measured a second temperature (FSI temperature
module/OTM) as a calibration check.  An FSI pressure module/OPM was
substituted in place of the secondary temperature/OTM for four casts.
Other data channels included elapsed-time, altimeter, several power supply
voltages and transmissometer.  The instrument supplied a 15-byte NBIS-
format data stream at a data rate of 25 Hz.  Modifications to the
instrument included revised pressure and dissolved O2 sensor mountings;
ODF-designed sensor interfaces for O2, FSI PRT and transmissometer;
implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer channels; an elapsed-time
channel; instrument ID in the polarity byte and power supply voltages
channels.

Table 3.0 summarizes the winches and serial numbers of instruments and
sensors used during I10.

      +-----------+------+-----------------+-----------------+-------+
      |           | ODF  |  SensorMedics   |     SeaTech     |       |
      |Station(s) | CTD+ |     Oxygen      | Transmissometer | Winch |
      |           | ID#  |     Sensor      |     (TAMU)      |       |
      +-----------+------+-----------------+-----------------+-------+
      |1015-1036  |      |                 |      152D       |       |
      +-----------+      |     5-01-10     +-----------------+       |
      |1037-1038  |      |                 |                 |       |
      +-----------+      +-----------------+                 |       |
      |1039-1067  |  1a  |     5-01-03     |                 |       |
      +-----------+      +-----------------+                 | Port  |
      |   1068    |      |     5-01-10     |      151D*      |       |
      +-----------+      +-----------------+                 |       |
      |1069-1072  |      |                 |                 |       |
      +-----------+------+     5-01-07     |                 |       |
      |1073-1076  |  1b  |                 |                 |       |
      +-----------+------+-----------------+-----------------+-------+
      |*NOTE: No transmissometer was installed during station 1041   |
      |+ See table below for ODF CTD serial numbers                  |
      +--------------------------------------------------------------+

                      ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers:
+----------+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
|  NBIS    |       Pressure        |        Temperature        | Conductivity |
| MKIIIB   |      Paine Model      |    PRT1     | PRT2/(PRS2) |              |
|   CTD    |     211-35-440-05     |  Rosemount  |     FSI     |  NBIS Model  |
|(ODF-ID#) | strain gage/0-8850psi | Model 171BJ |  OTM/(OPM)  | 09035-00151  |
+----------+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
|   1a     |                       |             |  OTM/1319T  |              |
+----------+        131910         |    14304    +-------------+  5902-F117   |
|   1b     |                       |             | (OPM/1326P) |              |
+----------+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

Table 3.0: I10 Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers


The CTD pressure sensor mounting had been modified to reduce the dynamic
thermal effects on pressure.  The sensor was attached to a section of
coiled stainless-steel tubing that was connected to the end-cap pressure
port.  The transducer was also insulated.  The NBIS temperature
compensation circuit on the pressure interface was disabled; all thermal
response characteristics were modeled and corrected in software.

The O2 sensor was deployed in a pressure-compensated holder assembly
mounted separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by an
underwater cable.  The O2 sensor interface was designed and built by ODF
using an off-the-shelf 12-bit A/D converter.  The transmissometer interface
was a similar design.

Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6 inches of
the CTD conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate
coherent salinities.  It was used as a secondary temperature calibration
reference rather than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating
the need for mercury or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks.

The General Oceanics (GO) 1016 36-place pylon was used in conjunction with
an ODF-built deck unit and external power supply instead of a GO pylon deck
unit.  This combination provided generally reliable operation and positive
confirmation.  The pylon emitted a confirmation message containing its
current notion of bottle trip position, which could be useful in sorting
out mis-trips.  The acquisition software averaged CTD data corresponding to
the rosette trip as soon as the trip was initiated until the trip
confirmed, typically 3+/-0.5 seconds on I10.

There were 3 random bad trip confirmations during I10; all of these were
noticed in a timely manner by the console operator.  Two trip levels were
re-done using the next bottle in line, resulting in the original bottle
being open at the surface.  The pylon was re-positioned for the third
level, and the bottle was re-tripped successfully at its intended nominal
depth.  Bad confirmations and any effects on bottle trips are documented in
Appendix D.


4.  Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition

Navigation data were acquired from the ship's Trimble GPS receiver via
RS-232, which reported full P-code position information from November
11-18.  P-code was lost on November 19 when new codes, not available for
I10, went into effect.  Standard GPS was recorded for the remainder of the
cruise.  Data were logged automatically at one-minute intervals by one of
the Sun SPARCstations.  Underway bathymetry was logged manually from the 12
kHz Raytheon PDR at five-minute intervals, then corrected according to
Carter [Cart80] and merged with the navigation data to provide a time-
series of underway position, course, speed and bathymetry data.  These data
were used for all station positions, PDR depths and bathymetry on vertical
sections.


5.  CTD Data Acquisition, Processing and Control System

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system consisted of a Sun
SPARCstation LX computer workstation, ODF-built CTD and pylon deck units,
CTD and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for real-time analog
backup recording of the sea-cable signal.  The Sun system consisted of a
color display with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 RS-232
ports, 2.5 GB disk and 8mm cartridge tape.  Two other Sun SPARCstation LX
systems were networked to the data acquisition system, as well as to the
rest of the networked computers aboard the Knorr.  These systems were
available for real-time CTD data display and provided for hydrographic data
management and backup.  Two HP 1200C color inkjet printers provided
hardcopy capability from any of the workstations.

The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C
binary data stream by the CTD deck unit.  This data stream was fed to the
Sun SPARCstation.  The pylon deck unit was connected to the Sun LX through
a bi-directional 300 baud serial line, allowing bottle trips to be
initiated and confirmed by the data acquisition software.  A bitmapped
color display provided interactive graphical display and control of the CTD
rosette sampling system, including real-time raw and processed CTD data,
navigation, winch and rosette trip displays.

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the
console watch a few minutes before each deployment.  A console operations
log was maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every
attempt to trip a bottle as well as any pertinent comments.  Most CTD
console control functions, including starting the data acquisition, were
initiated by pointing and clicking a trackball cursor on the display at
icons representing functions to perform.  The system then presented the
operator with short dialog prompts with automatically-generated choices
that could either be accepted as defaults or overridden.  The operator was
instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power supplies, then to examine a
real-time CTD data display on the screen for stable voltages from the
underwater unit.  Once this was accomplished, the data acquisition and
processing were begun and a time and position were automatically logged for
the beginning of the cast.  A backup analog recording of the CTD signal on
a VCR tape was started at the same time as the data acquisition.  A rosette
trip display and pylon control window popped up, giving visual confirmation
that the pylon was initializing properly.  Various plots and displays were
initiated.  When all was ready, the console operator informed the deck
watch by radio.

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console
operator that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the
computer displays), the console operator or watch leader provided the winch
operator with a target depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally
60 meters/minute for this package.  The package then began its descent,
building up to the maximum rate during the first few hundred meters, then
optimally continuing at a steady rate without any stops during the down-
cast.

The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via
interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other
workstations on the network.  Additionally, the operator decided where to
trip bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log.  The PDR was
monitored to insure the bottom depth was known at all times.

The deck watch leader assisted the console operator by monitoring the
rosette's distance to the bottom using the difference between the rosette's
pinger signal and its bottom reflection displayed on the PDR.  Around
100-200 meters above the bottom, depending on bottom conditions, the
altimeter typically began signaling a bottom return on the console.  The
winch speed was usually slowed to ~30 meters/minute during the final
approach.  The winch and altimeter displays allowed the watch leader to
refine the target depth relayed to the winch operator and safely approach
to within 5-10 meters of the bottom.

Bottles were closed on the up-cast by pointing the console trackball cursor
at a graphic firing control and clicking a button.  The data acquisition
system responded with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation
message in a window.  A bad or suspicious confirmation signal typically
resulted in the console operator repositioning the pylon trip arm via
software, then re-tripping the bottle, until a good confirmation was
received.  All tripping attempts were noted on the console log.  The
console operator then instructed the winch operator to bring the rosette up
to the next bottle depth.  The console operator was also responsible for
generating the sample log for the cast.

After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck
watch to bring the rosette on deck.  Once the rosette was on deck, the
console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD,
pylon and VCR recording.  The VCR tape was filed.  Usually the console
operator also brought the sample log to the rosette room and served as the
sample cop.


6.  CTD Data Processing

ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the
Unix operating system.  The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used
either in real-time or with existing raw data sets to:

 o Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign
   the data to logical channels
 o Filter various channels according to specified filtering
   criteria
 o Apply sensor- or instrument-specific response-correction models
 o Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the
   output time-series interval
 o Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format

Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be
manipulated in various ways.  Channels can be additionally filtered.  The
time-series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to
form longer time-series.  A time-series can be transformed into a pressure-
series, or into a larger-interval time-series.  The pressure calibration
corrections are applied during reduction of the data to time-series.
Temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections to the series are
maintained in separate files and are applied whenever the data are
accessed.

ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real-
time, providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and
reporting during a cast.  The 25 Hz data from the CTD were filtered,
response-corrected and averaged to a 2 Hz (0.5-second) time-series.  Sensor
correction and calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature,
conductivity and O2.  Rosette trip data were extracted from this time-
series in response to trip initiation and confirmation signals.  The
calibrated 2 Hz time-series data, as well as the 25 Hz raw data, were
stored on disk and were available in real-time for reporting and graphical
display.  At the end of the cast, various consistency and calibration
checks were performed, and a 2.0-db pressure-series of the down-cast was
generated and subsequently used for reports and plots.

CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were
checked daily for potential problems.  The two PRT temperature sensors were
inter-calibrated and checked for sensor drift.  The CTD conductivity sensor
was monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities, and
by deep theta-salinity comparisons between down- and up-casts as well as
adjacent stations.  The CTD O2 sensor was calibrated to check-sample data.

A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate
artifacts.  Some casts were subject to noise in the data stream caused by
sea cable or slip-ring problems, or by moisture in the interconnect cables
between the CTD and external sensors (i.e. O2).  Intermittent noisy data
were filtered out of the 2 Hz data using a spike-removal filter.  A least-
squares polynomial of specified order was fit to fixed-length segments of
data.  Points exceeding a specified multiple of the residual standard
deviation were replaced by the polynomial value.

Density inversions can be induced in high-gradient regions by ship-
generated vertical motion of the rosette.  Detailed examination of the raw
data shows significant mixing occurring in these areas because of "ship
roll".  In order to minimize density inversions, a ship-roll filter was
applied to all casts during pressure-sequencing to disallow pressure
reversals.

The first few seconds of in-water data were excluded from the pressure-
series data, since the sensors were still adjusting to the going-in-water
transition.  However, some casts exhibited up to a 0.036 sigma theta drop
during the top 12 db, or a sharply increasing density gradient in the top
few meters of the water column.  A time-series data check verified these
density features were probably real: the data were consistent over many
frames of data at the same pressures.  Appendix C details the magnitude of
the larger density drops or gradients for the casts affected.

Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by
double-quadratic interpolation/extrapolation.  The only pressure intervals
missing/filled during this leg were at 0 db, caused by chopping off going-
in-water transition data during pressure-sequencing.

When the down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up-
cast data are used instead.  CTD data from down- and up-casts are not mixed
together in the pressure-series data because they do not represent
identical water columns (due to ship movement, wire angles, etc.).  It was
not necessary to use any up-casts for I10 CTD data.

There is an inherent problem in the internal digitizing circuitry of the
NBIS Mark III CTD when the sign bit for temperature flips.  Raw temperature
can shift 1-2 millidegrees as values cross between positive and negative, a
problem avoided by offsetting the raw PRT readings by ~1.5 deg.C.  The
conductivity channel also can shift by 0.001-0.002 mS/cm as raw data values
change between 32768/32767, where all the bits flip at once.  This is
typically not a problem in shallow to intermediate depths because such a
small shift becomes negligible in higher gradient areas.

Raw CTD conductivity traversed 32768/32767 at ~1350+/-150 db (~3.75+/-0.15
deg.C theta) during I10 casts.  There is no apparent salinity shift seen
during this leg because the +0.001 PSU effect was corrected during block-
averaging.  Also, the higher gradients at these depths vs deeper water tend
to make the effect unnoticeable.

Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention.  I10
CTD-related comments, problems and solutions are documented in detail.


7.  CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure and temperature sensors
were used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data
acquisition and processing software at sea.  These laboratory calibrations
were also performed post-cruise.

Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF
Calibration Facility in La Jolla.  The pre-cruise calibrations were done in
September 1995, following five consecutive ODF WOCE legs in the Indian
Ocean, and the post-cruise calibrations were done in December 1995.

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled
water bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference.
Calibration data were measured pre-/post-cruise at 0/-1.14 deg.C to a
maximum loading pressure of 6080 db, and 31.24/30.71 deg.C to 1190 db.
Additional pressure calibrations were done post-cruise at 5.04 deg.C, to
both 1190 and 6080 db.  Figures 7.0 and 7.1 summarize the CTD #1 laboratory
pressure calibrations performed in September and December 1995.


Figure 7.0: Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.


Figure 7.1: Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1995.


Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the
pressure transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects.  These results
were combined with the static temperature calibrations to optimally correct
the CTD pressure.

CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge
and Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath.  The primary
and secondary CTD temperatures were offset by ~1.5 and ~2 deg.C to avoid
the 0-point discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry.
Standard and PRT temperatures were measured at 9 or more different bath
temperatures between -1.2 and 31.3 deg.C, both pre- and post-cruise.
Figures 7.2 and 7.3 summarize the laboratory calibrations performed on the
CTD #1 primary PRT during September and December 1995.


Figure 7.2: Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.

Figure 7.3: Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1995.


These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90
standard.  Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during
processing in order to calculate other parameters, including salinity and
density, which are currently defined in terms of that standard only.  Final
calibrated CTD temperatures are reported using the ITS-90 standard.

8.  CTD Calibration Procedures

A redundant PRT sensor was used as a temperature calibration check while at
sea.  CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were calibrated to in situ check
samples collected during each rosette cast.

Final pressure, temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections were
determined during post-cruise processing.

8.1.  CTD #1 Pressure

A substitute FSI OPM/Pressure module (1326P) was used from station 1073
through 1075 as a secondary pressure sensor.  No calibrations were
available for this sensor.  The port was left plugged on the OPM during
station 1073.  The primary pressure data from stations 1074 and 1075 were
used to calculate an approximate correction for the FSI.  1326P was used as
the primary pressure sensor on station 1076, whose maximum cast depth
exceeded the capacity of the primary pressure sensor.  Station 1076 was
considered a test cast, not a WOCE station, and is not included with the
I10 data release.

There was a pre- to post-cruise shift of -0.5 to -0.75 db at shallow and
deep pressures in the cold-bath laboratory calibrations for pressure.  The
warm-bath pressure correction shifted by -1.0 to -0.5 db.  The change
averages about -0.75 db when temperature differences between the pre-/post-
cruise calibrations are taken into account.  There were no significant
slope differences between pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations.

In order to determine when the pressure shift occurred, start-of-cast out-
of-water pressure and temperature data from the cruise were compared with
similar data from the pre- and post-cruise laboratory calibrations for
temperature.  The pressure data from the I10 leg shifted ~0.3 db compared
to pre-cruise laboratory data at all temperatures.  A -0.3 db offset was
applied to the entire pre-cruise pressure calibration.  These revised
calibration data, plus the dynamic thermal-response correction, were
applied to I10 CTD #1 pressures.

Down-cast surface pressures were automatically adjusted to 0 db as the CTD
entered the water; any difference between this value and the calibration
value was automatically adjusted during the top 50 decibars.  Residual
pressure offsets at the end of each up-cast (the difference between the
last corrected pressure in-water and 0 db) averaged 0.7 db, thus indicating
no problems with the final pressure corrections.  Figure 8.1.0 shows the
offset pre-cruise laboratory calibration used to correct I10 CTD #1
pressure data.


Figure 8.1.0: I10 Pressure correction for ODF CTD #1: September 1995
              calibration offset by -0.3 db.


The entire pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the
pressure sensor on CTD #1 was less than one-third the magnitude of the WOCE
accuracy specification of 3 db.  Final adjusted I10 CTD pressures should be
well within the desired standards.


8.2.  CTD #1 Temperature

An FSI PRT sensor (PRT2 = S/N 1319T) was deployed as a second temperature
channel and compared with the primary PRT channel (PRT1) on all casts
through station 1072 to monitor for drift.  The response times of the
primary and secondary PRT sensors were matched, then preliminary corrected
temperatures were compared for a series of standard depths from each CTD
down-cast.

Since it was not calibrated pre-cruise, a correction for PRT2 was back-
calculated to match corrected PRT1 data.  The differences between the CTD
#1 primary PRT and FSI-1319T data remained a fairly stable +0.0005 deg.C
for pressures deeper than 2000 db.  A stable conductivity correction also
indicated no shift in the primary PRT.  The PRT2 data were not otherwise
evaluated or used.

Figure 8.2.0 summarizes the comparison between the primary and secondary
PRT temperatures.


Figure 8.2.0: I10 comparison of CTD #1 primary/secondary PRT temperatures,
              pressure > 2000 db.


The primary temperature sensor laboratory calibrations indicated a +0.002
deg.C shift at 0 deg.C, a +0.0006 deg.C shift at mid-range temperatures,
and a +0.0006 deg.C shift at 32 deg.C from pre- to post-cruise.  The pre-
and post-cruise temperature calibrations were equally weighted and combined
to generate an average temperature correction, which was applied to all CTD
casts done during I10.  Figure 8.2.1 summarizes the average of the
pre-/post-cruise laboratory temperature calibrations for CTD #1.

Figure 8.2.1: WOCE95 Primary temperature correction for ODF CTD #1,
              Sept./Dec.95 equally weighted average.


One or two racks of mercury DSRTs were deployed beginning at station 1072
as a further check for pressure and temperature drift.  Only 3 racks of
therms on 2 stations were soaked and read.  They were not useful for
monitoring CTD pressure or temperature drift.

The pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the primary
temperature sensor on CTD #1 was, at worst, the same as the magnitude of
the WOCE accuracy standard of 0.002 deg.C.  Since an average of the two
calibrations was applied to the data, I10 CTD temperatures should be within
the WOCE accuracy specifications.

8.3.  CTD #1 Conductivity

The corrected CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the
bottle salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity.  Differences between
the bottle and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity
correction.  This correction is normally linear for the 3-cm conductivity
cell used in the Mark III CTD.

Due to small shifts in CTD conductivity, probably caused by organic matter,
the conductivity sensor was swabbed with distilled water several times
during the 5 consecutive ODF WOCE95 legs earlier in the year.  Conductivity
offsets began a slow downward drift during I7N, suspected to be caused by
organic growth on the sensor.  After I7N station 800, the conductivity
sensor was soaked in RBS solution for several hours, then swabbed with
distilled water.  This had the effect of changing the conductivity sensor's
slope and offset, while stabilizing the drifting problem.  The new
conductivity slope appeared to remain stable through the rest of I7N and
all of I10, two months later.

There were intermittent +/-0.001 mS/cm mid-cast offsets in the conductivity
signal beginning with station 1044 during I10.  The sensor was swabbed with
distilled water between stations 1051 and 1052, again because of suspected
organic contamination of the sensor, without any apparent effect on the
conductivity slope.

Conductivity differences above and below the thermocline were fit to CTD
conductivity for stations 801-856 (I7N) and 1015-1076 (I10) together to
determine conductivity slopes.  Figure 8.3.0 shows the individual
preliminary conductivity slopes.

Figure 8.3.0: CTD #1 prelim. conductivity slopes for WOCE95 stations
              801-856(I7N) + 1015-1076(I10).


These preliminary conductivity slopes for stations 801-856 and 1015-1076
were then fit to station number, with outlying values (4,2 standard
deviations) rejected.  Conductivity slopes were calculated from the first-
order fit and applied to each I10 cast.

Once the conductivity slopes were applied, residual CTD conductivity offset
values were calculated for each cast using bottle conductivities deeper
than 1400 db.  Figure 8.3.1 illustrates the I10 preliminary conductivity
offset residual values.

Figure 8.3.1: I10 CTD #1 preliminary conductivity offsets by station number.


There was a +0.004 mS/cm shift in conductivity offsets between I7N and I10,
so I10 offsets were determined independently from I7N.  Casts were grouped
together based on drift and/or known CTD conductivity shifts, such as the
offset caused by cleaning the sensor after station 1051, to determine
average offsets.  This also smoothed the effect of any cast-to-cast bottle
salinity variation, typically on the order of +/-0.001 PSU.  15 casts were
omitted from the groups because they were shallower than 1400 db.  3 other
casts were omitted because of CTD shifts relative to nearby casts.
Smoothed offsets were applied to each cast, then some offsets were manually
adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in the conductivity transducer
response or bottle salinities, or to maintain deep theta-salinity
consistency from cast to cast.

After applying the conductivity slopes and offsets to each cast, it was
determined that surface salinity differences were ~0.008 PSU high compared
to intermediate and deep differences.  After offset adjustments were made,
a mean second-order conductivity correction was calculated for stations
801-856 and 1015-1076.  Figure 8.3.2 shows the residual conductivity
differences used for determining this correction.


Figure 8.3.2: CTD #1 residual non-linear conductivity slope (WOCE95 stations
              801-856 + 1015-1076).


A 4,2-standard deviation rejection of the second-order fit was performed on
these differences, then the remaining values were fit to conductivity.
This non-linear correction, added to the linear corrections for each cast,
effectively pulled in surface differences while having minimal effect on
differences below the thermocline/halocline.

The final I10 conductivity slopes, a combination of the linear coefficients
from the preliminary and second-order fits, are summarized in Figure 8.3.3.
Figure 8.3.4 summarizes the final combined conductivity offsets by station
number.


Figure 8.3.3: I10 CTD #1 conductivity slope corrections by station number.


Figure 8.3.4: I10 CTD #1 conductivity offsets by station number.


I10 temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are also tabulated
in Appendix A.


Summary of Residual Salinity Differences

Figures 8.3.5, 8.3.6 and 8.3.7 summarize the I10 residual differences
between bottle and CTD salinities after applying the conductivity
corrections.  Only CTD and bottle salinities with final quality code 2
(acceptable) were used to generate these figures and statistics.  Residual
differences exceeding +/-0.025 PSU are included in the calculations for
averages and standard deviations, even though they are not plotted.


Figure 8.3.5 I10 Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction).


Figure 8.3.6: I10 Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).


Figure 8.3.7: I10 Deep salinity residual differences vs station # (after 
              correction).


The CTD conductivity calibration represents a best estimate of the
conductivity field throughout the water column.  3-sigma from the mean
residual in Figures 8.3.6 and 8.3.7, or +/-0.0149 PSU for all salinities
and +/-0.0011 PSU for deep salinities, represents the limit of
repeatability of the bottle salinities (Autosal, rosette, operators and
samplers).  This limit agrees with station overlays of deep theta-salinity.
Within most casts (a single salinometer run), the precision of bottle
salinities appears to be better than 0.001 PSU.  The precision of the CTD
salinities appears to be better than 0.0005 PSU.

Final calibrated CTD data from WOCE95-I10 and WOCE95-I3 were compared at
their two closest stations: 1039 and 543, about 8.5 nautical miles (nm) and
6.5 months apart.  Station 1039 was about -0.0005 PSU compared to station
543 in the bottom 1 deg.C theta of both casts.

WOCE95-I2E stations 1077 and 1078 were taken at the I10 station 1075
position ~2 weeks later.  The I2E CTD data (Dec. 1995) from the WHPO
website were compared with I10 data.  Theta-salinity comparisons of the
bottom 1 deg.C of the casts showed that station 1077 and 1078, which used
two different CTDs, were approx. +0.0005 PSU and -0.001 PSU, respectively,
compared to station 1075.  Station 1077 CTD data were quality-coded
"questionable" below 5750 db, but this only affected the bottom 0.004 deg.C
theta and did not skew the comparisons.  The 1077-1075 difference becomes
+0.001 to +0.0015 PSU, and the 1078-1075 difference becomes negligible, if
corrections were applied for Standard Seawater batch differences for I10
(P-126) and I2E (P-128)  [Culk98].

Three WOCE-IR6 data sets on the WHPO website overlapped I10 positions.
IR06 (Aug. 1989) had two stations near I10 station 1075, but the casts were
not lowered deep enough to compare with I10.  IR6_3 (Apr. 1995) stations
2-20 overlapped I10 stations 1015-1033; however, all CTD salinities on
stations 1-25 were quality-coded "bad" because of a cracked conductivity
cell [Wijf99].  IR6_3 stations 55-64 returned to the positions of I10
stations 1015-1033; I10 stations 1015 and 1033 were compared to IR6_3
station 55, since they were the deepest casts of the groups and taken at
the same position.  Station 55 agreed within +/-0.0005 PSU of stations
1015/1033 for the deepest 0.5 deg.C theta, then dropped to -0.0015 PSU or
more at shallower depths.  IR6_3 station 54 was taken at the same position
as I10 station 1075.  Both were within +/-0.001 PSU for the deepest 1 deg.C
theta, then 54 abruptly dropped by -0.002 PSU above ~1.8 deg.C theta.

IR6_4 (Sept.-Oct. 1995) stations 3-21 also overlapped I10 stations
1015-1033.  Stations 3/21 are ~+0.001 PSU compared to stations 1015/1033
for the deepest 0.5 deg.C theta, then overlap with and gradually become
lower than the I10 stations at shallower thetas.  IR6_4 stations 84-70 were
taken along the same line and within 0.3 to 7.2 nm (mostly within 1.0 nm)
of I10 stations 1061-1075.  Stations 71-70 showed good agreement (+/-0.001
PSU at deepest thetas) with stations 1074-1075.  As the IR6_4 casts
proceeded along the line, their salinities became increasingly lower than
I10 data, typically offset by -0.002 to -0.003 PSU at the deepest 1 deg.C
theta, and more at shallower theta, compared to the I10 casts.  Since all
15 I10 casts along this line are within +/-0.0012 PSU of each other (and
other nearby WOCE data) at their deepest 0.5 deg.C theta, these I10
salinity data appear to be fine.

There were no GEOSECS stations near enough to the I10 cruisetrack to
compare.  ODF WOCE95 Indian Ocean data from previous lines compare well,
with less than a +/-0.0005 PSU difference after Standard Seawater batch
differences are corrected.


8.4.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen

Three O2 sensors were used during I10: the first one was new at the
beginning of I7N, and the other two were brand new.  Each sensor eventually
developed pressure-related response problems, apparently due to repeated
rosette lowerings below 5000 meters.  The third sensor was not replaced
after failing during station 1072.  This response problem did not occur
during any of the previous 5 ODF WOCE95 legs, and may indicate a
manufacturing problem with more recent sensor batches.

There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the
SensorMedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being
a secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity.
Stopping the rosette for as little as half a minute, or slowing down for a
bottom approach, can cause shifts in the CTD O2 profile as oxygen becomes
depleted in water near the sensor.  Such shifts could usually be corrected
by offsetting the raw oxygen data from the stop or slow-down area until
some time after the sensor has been moving again, occasionally until the
bottom of the cast.  All offset sections, winch stops or slow-downs that
affected CTD oxygen data are documented in Appendix C.

Because of these same stop/slow-down problems, up-cast CTD O2 data cannot
be optimally calibrated to O2 check samples.  Instead, down-cast CTD O2
data are derived by matching the up-cast rosette trips along isopycnal
surfaces.  The differences between CTD O2 data modeled from these derived
values and check samples are then minimized using a non-linear least-
squares fitting procedure.

Figures 8.4.0 and 8.4.1 show the residual differences between the corrected
CTD O2 and the bottle O2 (ml/l) for each station.  Only CTD and bottle
oxygens with final quality code 2 (acceptable) were used to generate these
figures and statistics.  Residual differences exceeding +/-0.5 ml/l are
included in the calculations for averages and standard deviations, even
though they are not plotted.

 Figure 8.4.0 I10 O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

Figure 8.4.1 I10 Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

The standard deviations of 0.085 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.021 ml/l for
deep oxygens are only intended as indicators of how well the up-cast bottle
and down-cast CTD O2 values match up.  ODF makes no claims regarding the
precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data.

The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and
Morrison [Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85].  ODF does not use a
digitized O2 sensor temperature to model the secondary thermal response but
instead models membrane and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the
PRT temperature.  Insitu pressure and temperature are filtered to match the
sensor response.  Time-constants for the pressure response Taup, and two
temperature responses TauTs and TauTf are fitting parameters.  The Oc
gradient, dOc/dt, is approximated by low-pass filtering 1st-order Oc
differences.  This gradient term attempts to correct for reduction of
species other than O2 at the cathode.  The time-constant for this filter,
Tauog, is a fitting parameter.  Oxygen partial-pressure is then calculated:

     Opp=[c1*Oc+c2]*fsat(S,T,P)*e**(c3*Pl+c4*Tf+c5*Ts+c6*dOc/dt)    (8.4.0)

where:

Opp           = Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm);
Oc            = Sensor current (uamps);
fsat(S,T,P)   = O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm);
S             = Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs);
T             = Temperature at O2 response-time (deg.C);
P             = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars);
Pl            = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars);
Tf            = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
Ts            = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
dOc/dt        = Sensor current gradient (uamps/secs).


I10 CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6) are tabulated in
Appendix B.






9.  Bottle Sampling

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the
bottles in the following order:


     o   CFCs;
     o   3He;
     o   O2;
     o   Total CO2;
     o   Alkalinity;
     o   AMS 14C;
     o   Tritium;
     o   Nutrients;
     o   Salinity.



The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for
the cast.  This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions
noted about the rosette and bottles.  One member of the sampling team was
designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this
log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve and then the air
vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped.  This
observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught
in lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining
sample integrity were routinely noted on the sample log.

Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature
from the bottle.  The temperature was noted on the sample log and was
sometimes useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.

Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were
distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis.  Oxygen,
nutrients and salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC)
analytical equipment networked to Sun SPARCstations for centralized data
analysis.  The analysts for each specific property were responsible for
insuring that their results were updated into the cruise database.

10.  Bottle Data Processing

Bottle data processing began with sample drawing, and continued until the
data were considered to be final.  One of the most important pieces of
information, the sample log sheet, was filled out during the drawing of the
many different samples.  It was useful both as a sample inventory and as a
guide for the technicians in carrying out their analyses.  Any problems
observed with the rosette before or during the sample drawing were noted on
this form, including indications of bottle leaks, out-of-order drawing,
etc.  Oxygen draw temperatures recorded on this form were at times the
first indicator of rosette bottle-tripping problems. Additional clues
regarding bottle tripping or leak problems were found by individual
analysts as the samples were analyzed and the resulting data were processed
and checked by those personnel.

The next stage of processing was accomplished after the individual
parameter files were merged into a common station file, along with CTD-
derived parameters (pressure, temperature, conductivity, etc.).  The
rosette cast and bottle numbers were the primary identification for all
ODF-analyzed samples taken from the bottle, and were used to merge the
analytical results with the CTD data associated with the bottle.  At this
stage, bottle tripping problems were usually resolved, sometimes resulting
in changes to the pressure, temperature and other CTD properties associated
with the bottle.  All CTD information from each bottle trip (confirmed or
not) was retained in a file, so resolving bottle tripping problems
consisted of correlating CTD trip data with the rosette bottles.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or
bottle data processors were entered into a computer file associated with
each station (the "quality" file) as part of the quality control procedure.
Sample data from bottles suspected of leaking were checked to see if the
properties were consistent with the profile for the cast, with adjacent
stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data.  Various property-
property plots and vertical sections were examined for both consistency
within a cast and consistency with adjacent stations by data processors,
who advised analysts of possible errors or irregularities.  The analysts
reviewed and sometimes revised their data as additional calibration or
diagnostic results became available.

Based on the outcome of investigations of the various comments in the
quality files, WHP water sample codes were selected to indicate the
reliability of the individual parameters affected by the comments.  WHP
bottle codes were assigned where evidence showed the entire bottle was
affected, as in the case of a leak, or a bottle trip at other than the
intended depth.

WHP water bottle quality codes were assigned as defined in the WOCE
Operations Manual [Joyc94] with the following additional interpretations:
     |
   2 | No problems noted.
   3 | Leaking.  An air leak large enough to produce an
     | observable effect on a sample is identified by a code of
     | 3 on the bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen.  (Small
     | air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only
     | affect gas samples.)
   4 | Did not trip correctly.  Bottles tripped at other than
     | the intended depth were assigned a code of 4.  There may
     | be no problems with the associated water sample data.
   5 | Not reported.  No water sample data reported.  This is a
     | representative level derived from the CTD data for
     | reporting purposes.  The sample number should be in the
     | range of 80-99.
   9 | The samples were not drawn from this bottle.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:
     |
   1 | The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water
     | bottle, but the results of the analysis were not (yet)
     | received.
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | station profile or adjacent station comparisons (or
     | possibly CTD data comparisons).  No notes from the
     | analyst indicated a problem.  The data could be
     | acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The data did not fit the station
     | profile, adjacent stations or CTD data.  There were
     | analytical notes indicating a problem, but data values
     | were reported.  Sampling and analytical errors were also
     | coded as 4.
   5 | Not reported.  There should always be a reason
     | associated with a code of 5, usually that the sample was
     | lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
   9 | The sample for this measurement was not drawn.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity)
parameter as follows:
     |
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | bottle data, or there was a CTD conductivity calibration
     | shift during the up-cast.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD up-cast data were determined
     | to be unusable for calculating a salinity.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2)
parameter as follows:
     |
   1 | Not calibrated.  Data are uncalibrated.
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD data were determined to be
     | unusable for calculating a dissolved oxygen
     | concentration.
   5 | Not reported.  The CTD data could not be reported,
     | typically when CTD salinity is coded 3 or 4.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.
   9 | Not sampled.  No operational CTD O2 sensor was present
     | on this cast.


Note that CTDOXY values were derived from the down-cast pressure-series CTD
data.  CTD data were matched to the up-cast bottle data along isopycnal
surfaces.  If the CTD salinity is footnoted as bad or questionable, the CTD
O2 is not reported.

Table 10.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each
WHP sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property:



+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     Rosette Samples Stations 1015-1075                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|            Reported                     WHP Quality Codes                   |
|             Levels        1       2       3       4       5       7       9 |
+----------++---------+-------------------------------------------------------+
|Bottle    ||  1737   |     0    1730       4       0       0       0       3 |
|CTD Salt  ||  1737   |     0    1721       5      11       0       0       0 |
|CTD Oxy   ||  1721   |     0    1413     148     160      16       0       0 |
|Salinity  ||  1732   |     0    1710      10      12       0       0       5 |
|Oxygen    ||  1730   |     0    1688      24      18       4       0       3 |
|Silicate  ||  1725   |     0    1718       0       7       5       0       7 |
|Nitrate   ||  1730   |     0    1724       1       5       0       0       7 |
|Nitrite   ||  1730   |     0    1725       0       5       0       0       7 |
|Phosphate ||  1730   |     0    1725       0       5       0       0       7 |
+----------++---------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       Table 10.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments for I10.


Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are
presented in Appendix D.


11.  Pressure and Temperatures

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the
rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at
the time the bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data
based on CTD laboratory calibrations.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of
1990.

12.  Salinity Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometers were available for measuring
salinities.  The salinometers were modified by ODF and contained interfaces
for computer-aided measurement.  Autosal #55-654 was used to measure
salinity on all stations.  Both water bath temperatures were set and
maintained at 27 deg.C.  Autosal #57-396 was a backup unit but was not used
on this expedition.

The salinity analyses were performed when samples had equilibrated to
laboratory temperature, within 8-25 hours after collection.  The
salinometer was standardized for each group of analyses (typically one
cast, usually 36 samples) using at least one fresh vial of standard
seawater per group.  A computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control
functions such as changing sample, flushing, or switching to "read" mode.
At the correct time, the computer acquired conductivity ratio measurements,
and logged results.  The sample conductivity was redetermined until
readings met software criteria for consistency.  Measurements were then
averaged for a final result.

Sampling and Data Processing

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate
bottles, which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling.  The
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene
screw caps.  This assembly provides very low container dissolution and
sample evaporation.  Prior to collecting each sample, inserts were
inspected for proper fit and loose inserts were replaced to insure an
airtight seal.  The draw time and equilibration time were logged for all
casts.  Laboratory temperatures were logged at the beginning and end of
each run.

PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was calculated for each sample from the measured
conductivity ratios.  The difference (if any) between the initial vial of
standard water and one run at the end as an unknown was applied linearly to
the data to account for any drift.  The data were added to the cruise
database.  1732 salinity measurements were made and 134 vials of standard
water were used.  The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is
usually better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard seawater
batch used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was good, varying
less than 0.5 deg.C during a run of samples.  The laboratory temperature
was 0.5-3 deg.C lower than the Autosal bath temperature.

Standards

IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-126 was used to standardize the
salinometers.

13.  Oxygen Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the
absorption of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light.  The titration of the
samples and the data logging were controlled by PC software.  Thiosulfate
was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.
ODF used a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique
of Carpenter [Carp65] with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but
with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately
0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/l).  Standard solutions prepared
from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals were run at the beginning of
each session of analyses, which typically included from 1 to 3 stations.
Several standards were made up during the cruise and compared to assure
that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a
weighing or dilution error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks were
determined, to account for presence of oxidizing or reducing materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette
sampler was brought on board, and after samples for CFC and helium were
drawn.  Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125ml volume-calibrated iodine
flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation, then filled and allowed to
overflow for at least 3 flask volumes.  The sample draw temperature was
measured with a small platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the
drawing tube.  Reagents were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering.
The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough dispersion of the
precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then again after about 20
minutes.  The samples were analyzed within 1-6 hours of collection, and
then the data were merged into the cruise database.

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and
corrected to 20 deg.C.  The 20 deg.C normalities and the blanks were
plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems.  New
thiosulfate normalities were recalculated after the blanks had been
smoothed as a function of time, if warranted.  These normalities were then
smoothed, and the oxygen data were recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram using the in situ temperature.  Sample temperatures were measured
at the time the samples were drawn from the rosette bottle, and these
temperatures were useful in indicating whether or not a bottle tripped
properly.

1730 oxygen measurements were made, with no major problems with the
analyses.  During shorebased finalization of the data, it was discovered
that there may have been a leak in the buret.  A few stations, 1057, 1061
and 1062, have problems in the data indicating a leak.  After 1062, the
problem was not seen, but there were no notes indicating that a leak had
been discovered and fixed.

Volumetric Calibration

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed
deionized water to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory.
This is done once before using flasks for the first time and periodically
thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected.  The volumetric flasks
used in preparing standards were volume-calibrated by the same method, as
was the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense standard iodate solution.

Standards

Potassium iodate standards, nominally 0.44 gram, were pre-weighed in ODF's
chemistry laboratory to +/-0.0001 grams.  The exact normality was
calculated at sea after the volumetric flask volume and dilution
temperature were known.  Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey
Chemical Co.  and was reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.  All
other reagents were "reagent grade" and were tested for levels of oxidizing
and reducing impurities prior to use.

14.  Nutrient Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed
on an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within a
few hours after sample collection.  Occasionally samples were refrigerated
up to maximum of 8 hours at 2-6 deg.C.  All samples were brought to room
temperature prior to analysis.

The methods used are described by Gordon et al. [Gord92].  The analog
outputs from each of the four channels were digitized and logged
automatically by computer (PC) at 2-second intervals.

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67].  An
acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to
produce silicomolybdic acid which was then reduced to silicomolybdous acid
(a blue compound) following the addition of stannous chloride.  Tartaric
acid was also added to impede PO4 color development.  The sample was passed
through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 660nm.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] procedure was used for the
analysis of nitrate and nitrite.  For the nitrate analysis, the seawater
sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where nitrate was
quantitatively reduced to nitrite.  Sulfanilamide was introduced to the
sample stream followed by N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride
which coupled to form a red azo dye.  The stream was then passed through a
15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 540nm.  The same technique was
employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column was bypassed, and
a 50mm flowcell was used for measurement.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms
[Bern67] technique.  An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to
the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to
phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of
dihydrazine sulfate.  The reaction product was heated to ~55 deg.C to
enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and the
absorbance measured at 820m.


Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml polypropylene, screw-capped "oak-
ridge type" centrifuge tubes.  The tubes were cleaned with 10% HCl and
rinsed with sample twice before filling.  Standardizations were performed
at the beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically one cast,
usually 36 samples) with an intermediate concentration mixed nutrient
standard prepared prior to each run from a secondary standard in a low-
nutrient seawater matrix.  The secondary standards were prepared aboard
ship by dilution from primary standard solutions.  Dry standards were pre-
weighed at the laboratory at ODF, and transported to the vessel for
dilution to the primary standard.  Sets of 6-7 different standard
concentrations were analyzed periodically to determine any deviation from
linearity as a function of concentration for each nutrient analysis.  A
correction for non-linearity was applied to the final nutrient
concentrations when necessary.

After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file was processed
to produce another file of response factors, baseline values, and
absorbances.  Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for
accuracy against values taken from a strip chart recording.  The data were
then added to the cruise database.

1730 nutrient samples were analyzed.  No major problems were encountered
with the measurements. The pump tubing was changed once, and deep seawater
was run as a substandard check.  The temperature stability of the
laboratory used for the analyses was poor, varying from 22 to 28 deg.C over
short time scales.  Portable fans were used to assist in maintaining some
temperature stability.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm
pressure (0 db), in situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of
25 deg.C.


Standards

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Johnson Matthey
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be >98%
pure.  Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate
(KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier
reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.


3.  CFCs

Two chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 and CFC-12) were measured on WOCE leg I10 by 
Kevin Sullivan and Jorina Waworuntu of the University of Miami. The shipboard 
measurement of the two CFCs was done using the University of Miami analytical 
system, by an established procedure (Bullister and Weiss, 1988). Analytical 
blanks for CFC-11 and CFC-12 were close to zero. At two stations bottles were 
tripped in a different order to test for bottle blanks. Bottle blanks ranged 
0.002-0.004 pM/kg, and were not applied to the preliminary data. Stations 1019-
1024 at the beginning of the cruise were not sampled because of a problem with 
the analytical system. Nine hundred and nineteen samples were collected and 
analyzed at 53 of the 60 stations.  Approximately 20 samples were analyzed at 
each station normally above 2000 m. Blank levels of CFCs were usually reached by 
1500 m. Eleven replicate water samples were drawn. The average standard 
deviations of these replicates were 0.0018 pM CFC-12/kg and 0.0013 pM CFC-11/kg.  
The I10 CFC-11 and CFC-12 data well exceed WOCE analytical standards.  In 
addition to water analyses, marine airs were analyzed.  The average 
concentrations were 510 pptr CFC-12 and 267 pptr CFC-11.


4.  CO2 and Alkalinity

As part of a global survey of carbon dioxide in the oceans sponsored by the 
Department of Energy, the Princeton University Ocean Tracers Lab (OTL) was 
responsible for making inorganic carbon measurements on WOCE line I10. In 
addition to the contribution to the current global carbon inventory estimate, we 
expect to use the data from this line together with our data from the far 
western Pacific and WOCE line I-9N to evaluate the carbon transport associated 
with the Indonesian through-flow and the influence this area has on the 
alkalinity budgets of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Four members of the OTL- 
CO2 group participated in the cruise: Christopher Sabine, Susan Boehme, Gerard 
McDonald, and Marian Markham. Discrete samples were collected and analyzed for 
total carbon dioxide (TCO2) and total alkalinity (TA). Carbon dioxide partial 
pressure (pCO2) was measured quasi-continuously in the air and surface water 
throughout the cruise.

Samples for TCO2 were collected in 300 ml borosilicate bottles and analyzed 
using two SOMMA-coulometer systems following the methods of Johnson et al. 
(1985; 1987). TA samples were collected in 500 ml borosilicate bottles and 
analyzed with two closed cell titration systems using methods similar to those 
described by Bradshaw et al. (1981).  Evaluation of the titration results were 
made using the non-linear least-squares approach described by Dickson (1981) and 
by Johansson & Wedborg (1982).

No major problems were encountered on the cruise. By sending four analysts and 
running multiple systems, we were able to analyze 936 (>50% of total) samples 
for both TCO2 and TA. This is more than a 50% increase over the typical coverage 
for the Pacific WOCE legs.  Full profiles were collected at 33 stations. Samples 
were collected from the surface niskin of 20 additional stations to get maximum 
coverage in the surface waters. Duplicate samples were drawn and analyzed from 
approximately 8% of the niskins to evaluate sampling and analytical precision. 
Duplicate 500 ml samples were also drawn from one surface and one deep niskin at 
5 stations distributed along the cruise track. These samples will be shipped to 
Scripps for TCO2 analysis by C. D. Keeling as part of the standard CO2 QA/QC 
program for WOCE legs.


5.  C14

The Princeton University Ocean Tracers Lab (OTL) was responsible for collecting 
samples for carbon 14 analysis on WOCE line I10. The data from this line 
together with data from the far western Pacific and other WOCE Indian Ocean 
lines will be used to characterize the water masses in the Indonesian through-
flow. One member of the OTL group participated in the cruise: Tonalee Key. One 
hundred twenty eight samples were collected at 6 stations on this line. Full 
water profiles were collected at two stations, shallow profiles, 1700m or less, 
were collected at 4 stations.  The samples will be analyzed at a later date in 
the land based Atomic Mass Spectrometry lab at Woods Hole Oceanographic 
Institution.


6.  3He/3H 

A total of 216 tritium and 384 helium samples were collected during I-10.  
Helium samples, taken at depth between 1 and 6400 m, were extracted for helium 
isotopes using WHOI's shipboard sample processing system within 12 hours of 
acquisition.  The isotope ratio measurements will be made by mass spectrometer 
at the WHOI facility.  The tritium samples, taken at depths between 1 and 1500 
m, were degassed using the WHOI shipboard sea water degassing system and stored 
in 1000 ml aluminum silicate glass vessels for subsequent tritium determination 
by mass spectrometric measurement of the decay product 3He at the WHOI facility.



References

Arms67.
     Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The
     measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means
     of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea
     Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967).

Bern67.
     Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low
     level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the
     AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).

Brow78.
     Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity,
     temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23,
     Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978).

Carp65.
     Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the
     Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp.
     141-143 (1965).

Cart80.
     Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction
     Tables (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service,
     Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8
     5UB. U.K. (1980).

Culb91.
     Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and
     Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of
     dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Office (Aug 1991).

Culk98.
     Culkin, F. and Ridout, P. S., "Stability of IAPSO Standard Seawater,"
     Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 15, pp. 1072-1075
     (1998).

Gord92.
     Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A
     suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater
     Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean
     Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr.
     Chem Oc. (1992).

Joyc94.
     Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91,
     pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA
     (May 1994, Rev. 2). UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT.

Mill82.
     Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques
     at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference
     and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982).

Owen85.
     Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen
     calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985).

UNES81.
     UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical
     Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.
     37, p. 144 (1981).

Wijf99.
     Wijffels, Susan E., "Cruise Report IR6 FA9503 and FA9508 [WOCE
     Sections IR6_3 and IR6_4],"
     http://whpo.ucsd.edu/data/repeat/indian/ir06/ir06_a/i06wijff.pdf, p.
     7, WOCE Hydrographic Program Office, SIO (online Jan. 1999).








                                Appendix A

     WOCE95-I10:  CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary

          PRT    ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/   Response    corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast  Time(secs)    t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

1015/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1016/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1017/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1018/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1019/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914

1020/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1021/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1022/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1023/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1024/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914

1025/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1026/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1027/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1028/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1029/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914

1030/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1031/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1032/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1033/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1034/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914

1035/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02864
1036/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02864
1037/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1038/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1039/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914

1040/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02914
1041/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02987
1042/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1043/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1044/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060

1045/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1046/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1047/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1048/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1049/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060

1050/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1051/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.03060
1052/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02020
1053/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02024
1054/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02028

1055/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02032
1056/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02036
1057/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.01990
1058/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02044
1059/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02048

1060/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02053
1061/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02056
1062/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02060
1063/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02065
1064/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02069

1065/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02073
1066/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02077
1067/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.01931
1068/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.01935
1069/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02089

          PRT    ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/   Response    corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast  Time(secs)    t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

1070/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02093
1071/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02097
1072/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02101
1073/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02105
1074/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02109

1075/01   .34    2.1101e-05  -7.0204e-04  -1.4979  1.63778e-05  -2.45768e-03  0.02113







                                Appendix B

              Summary of WOCE95-I10 CTD Oxygen Time Constants
                        (time constants in seconds)

  +----------------+---------------------------+----------+-------------+
  |                |        Temperature        | Pressure | O2 Gradient |
  |Stations *      | Fast(TauTf) | Slow(TauTs) |  (Taup)  |   (Tauog)   |
  +----------------+-------------+-------------+----------+-------------+
  |1015-1038,      |     1.0     |    400.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
  |1068, 1071      |             |             |          |             |
  |1039-1067       |     1.0     |    500.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
  |1069            |    10.0     |   1200.0    |   30.0   |    24.0     |
  |1070, 1075      |     1.0     |   1000.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
  |1072-1074       |     1.0     |    800.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
  +----------------+-------------+-------------+----------+-------------+

               * NOTE: since sensor S/N 5-01-07 was
               malfunctioning during its entire use, time
               constants were determined individually for
               stas 1069-1075 in order to minimize noise and
               optimize the fits to bottle oxygen data



        WOCE95-I10: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
                         (refer to Equation 8.4.0)

 Sta/     OcSlope        Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

1015/01  9.86809e-04   1.84223e-02   1.52147e-04  -3.80119e-03  -2.57167e-02  -8.09500e-06
1016/01  1.13653e-03  -1.12053e-02   1.35332e-04  -2.01089e-05  -3.34519e-02   6.63940e-06
1017/01  1.14796e-03  -4.84633e-03   1.15268e-04  -3.17684e-03  -3.15460e-02   5.81256e-06
1018/01  1.55126e-03   1.24986e-01  -3.44249e-04  -1.45812e-02  -3.32783e-02  -2.64678e-06
1019/01  7.37452e-04   8.62241e-02   1.34000e-04  -9.95584e-04  -1.50431e-02   1.34014e-05

1020/01  6.71780e-04   3.32969e-01  -1.55790e-04  -8.26726e-03  -1.15202e-02   4.97413e-06
1021/01  6.82763e-04   3.97250e-01   1.46652e-04   3.08970e-02  -5.32562e-02   3.27779e-06
1022/01 -8.94997e-03   6.86683e+01  -4.65295e-04   1.34615e-01  -3.07520e-01  -1.62080e-05
1023/01  1.36946e-02   4.00917e+02   5.73614e-05   2.03794e-01  -4.75865e-01  -3.35194e-06
1024/01 -1.78003e-02   1.48443e+02  -2.28556e-04   3.05385e-01  -5.17264e-01   5.67774e-07

1025/01  3.14618e-03   1.95171e+01  -8.16015e-04   1.82198e-02  -1.62683e-01   3.66631e-07
1026/01  5.95184e-01   2.60967e+03  -9.11288e-04   5.57811e-02  -4.15280e-01  -1.82768e-06
1027/01  4.49619e-04   1.07033e-01  -1.09565e-04  -2.66398e-02   2.62487e-02   8.09685e-07
1028/01  5.79190e-04   1.05002e-01   4.56554e-04  -2.08929e-03  -9.63918e-03   1.99581e-06
1029/01  7.36106e-04   1.28002e-01   9.45232e-06  -1.33810e-02  -6.11070e-03   1.55741e-06

1030/01  9.80946e-04   1.60718e-02   2.04900e-04   3.95578e-03  -3.13766e-02  -9.07866e-07
1031/01  8.36818e-04   3.74556e-02   2.11583e-04  -3.40620e-03  -1.81640e-02  -3.38039e-06
1032/01  1.11029e-03  -4.52510e-03   1.87963e-04   9.13562e-03  -3.93941e-02  -1.41431e-06
1033/01  1.03835e-03   2.80267e-03   2.16209e-04   7.68198e-03  -3.58592e-02  -3.03476e-06
1034/01  1.02961e-03   1.89349e-02   2.11369e-04   9.35103e-03  -3.67232e-02   1.98690e-06

1035/01  9.39792e-04  -1.36126e-02   3.27868e-04   5.02293e-03  -2.99895e-02  -9.29889e-06
1036/01  6.94331e-04   2.24287e-02   3.85692e-04  -1.91914e-03  -1.33700e-02   3.95794e-06
1037/01  8.84317e-04  -4.37009e-02   4.81715e-04  -3.02626e-03  -2.34662e-02  -5.41169e-06
1038/01  9.27210e-04  -3.75952e-02   4.62492e-04   1.00952e-02  -3.34891e-02   4.93601e-06
1039/01  1.27375e-03  -1.46966e-01   1.37397e-04  -2.21469e-03  -3.50763e-02  -2.11407e-06

1040/01  1.56715e-03  -2.99026e-01   9.21963e-05   1.93025e-03  -4.35504e-02   4.89690e-06
1041/01  1.59610e-03  -2.70015e-01   7.16298e-05   4.72652e-03  -4.77929e-02   8.60353e-06
1042/01  1.48886e-03  -2.13828e-01   2.80307e-05   4.34009e-03  -4.22204e-02   4.34476e-06
1043/01  1.46639e-03  -2.04283e-01   2.12246e-05  -7.01641e-03  -3.56162e-02  -3.90092e-06
1044/01  1.18587e-03  -1.35279e-01   6.41799e-05  -9.42263e-04  -2.98239e-02   2.45431e-06

1045/01  1.23460e-03  -1.26471e-01   8.81921e-05   4.75866e-03  -3.64390e-02  -1.34281e-05
1046/01  1.73070e-03  -2.79497e-01   8.34665e-05   3.78129e-03  -4.69416e-02   1.09072e-05
1047/01  1.68293e-03  -2.60679e-01   6.54745e-05   6.97082e-03  -4.94028e-02   9.50415e-07
1048/01  1.53316e-03  -2.02457e-01   1.13677e-04   3.20867e-03  -4.36837e-02   7.85119e-06
1049/01  1.43900e-03  -1.73624e-01   1.21043e-04   7.25511e-03  -4.30142e-02  -5.42295e-07


 Sta/     OcSlope        Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast       (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

1050/01  1.35419e-03  -1.58684e-01   1.51452e-04   6.05596e-03  -4.13210e-02  -4.58447e-06
1051/01  1.33798e-03  -1.49121e-01   1.55121e-04   9.47812e-03  -4.17518e-02   6.87696e-06
1052/01  1.36794e-03  -1.48067e-01   1.53867e-04   9.55621e-05  -3.73655e-02   9.39465e-07
1053/01  1.34940e-03  -1.36343e-01   1.51053e-04   3.24903e-03  -3.72471e-02   9.06915e-07
1054/01  1.38634e-03  -1.52189e-01   1.56356e-04   6.20642e-03  -3.97013e-02  -1.89973e-07

1055/01  1.31295e-03  -1.16001e-01   1.47682e-04   8.08256e-03  -4.11661e-02   1.16613e-05
1056/01  1.33764e-03  -1.30029e-01   1.52978e-04   3.94902e-03  -3.78353e-02   1.53510e-06
1057/01  1.35727e-03  -1.16697e-01   1.41955e-04   5.48135e-03  -4.10543e-02  -2.26810e-06
1058/01  1.31997e-03  -1.09114e-01   1.46515e-04   7.32611e-03  -3.92996e-02  -2.16305e-06
1059/01  1.24008e-03  -1.11423e-01   1.45215e-04   8.39445e-03  -3.98761e-02   6.12966e-06

1060/01  1.40769e-03  -1.67053e-01   1.00455e-04   3.96324e-03  -4.04321e-02   5.75544e-06
1061/01  1.51036e-03  -2.32627e-01   8.46124e-05   2.46021e-03  -4.22010e-02  -1.49222e-06
1062/01  1.10747e-03  -8.36076e-02   8.31279e-05   6.99772e-03  -3.60509e-02   6.15932e-06
1063/01  1.38169e-03  -1.81346e-01   8.05020e-05   4.60615e-04  -3.85448e-02   4.69599e-06
1064/01  1.40619e-03  -2.07818e-01   5.14446e-05   1.71403e-03  -4.08210e-02  -1.03785e-06

1065/01  1.28309e-03  -1.50398e-01   5.58537e-05   2.28864e-03  -3.81988e-02  -8.44328e-07
1066/01  1.54820e-03  -1.91568e-01   2.66422e-05   4.55428e-03  -4.73591e-02   2.72089e-06
1067/01  7.92386e-04   5.20071e-02   2.05650e-04   1.53826e-02  -3.51039e-02   3.25169e-07
1068/01  7.55739e-04   8.14328e-02   1.37698e-04   9.95786e-03  -2.92308e-02  -6.45611e-06
1069/01  8.83860e-04  -1.77907e-01   2.29616e-04   2.30957e-02  -5.54140e-02  -8.62286e-06

1070/01  4.54611e-04   2.77997e-01   5.91896e-05   2.56722e-02  -5.57487e-02   2.30853e-03
1071/01  4.68246e-04   3.63535e-01   8.04083e-05  -3.72584e-01   1.09499e-01  -8.50768e-03
1072/01  6.20606e-04   2.83480e-01   5.89452e-05  -2.21505e-02  -5.38748e-02   1.21104e-02
1073/01  5.72570e-04   3.23820e-01   6.60114e-05  -1.40896e-01  -7.29719e-03  -1.90950e-02
1074/01  1.04031e-03   1.01418e-01   1.03765e-04  -1.10404e-01  -2.13148e-02  -9.78561e-03

1075/01  2.36591e-04   4.78388e-01   6.20135e-05  -2.42376e-01   1.42249e-02   1.95343e-02






                                Appendix C

            WOCE95-I10:  CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments

    +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
    |              Key to Problem/Comment Abbreviations               |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |BQ    | bottle oxygen value(s) questionable/missing, need to     |
    |      | estimate for ctdoxy fit                                  |
    |CO    | conductivity offset                                      |
    |DG/DI | density gradient/inversion in top 12db, data             |
    |      | consistent/smooth in time-series ctd; possibly real      |
    |OB    | bottom ctdoxy signal shift coincides with slowdown for   |
    |      | bottom approach                                          |
    |OF    | ctdoxy fit off more than 0.02 ml/l (deeper) or 0.10 ml/l |
    |      | (shallower) compared to bottle data and/or nearby ctd    |
    |      | casts                                                    |
    |OH    | ctdoxy fit high near surface: high raw ctdoxy signal     |
    |ON    | ctdoxy signal unusually noisy                            |
    |OO    | ctdoxy sensor off/dying?: will not fit to bottles at     |
    |      | pressures indicated                                      |
    |OS    | ctdoxy signal shifts                                     |
    |SS    | probable sea slime on conductivity sensor                |
    |WS    | winch slowdown/stop, potential shift in ctdoxy signal    |
    |      | (also, see "OB")                                         |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |              Key to Solution/Action Abbreviations               |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    |DO    | despiked raw ctdoxy, despiked data ok unless otherwise   |
    |      | indicated                                                |
    |DU    | down/up ctdoxy differ or similar features at different   |
    |      | pressures in this area; but downcast ctd Salinity and    |
    |      | Oxygen structures often correspond well with each other  |
    |EB    | used nearby bottles and/or casts to estimate bottle      |
    |      | oxygen value(s) for ctdoxy fit                           |
    |GD/GS | downcast high-gradient areas Deeper/Shallower than       |
    |      | upcast, ok if (upcast) bottles do not match (downcast)   |
    |      | ctdoxy in these areas                                    |
    |NA    | no action taken, used default quality code 2             |
    |O3/O4 | quality code 3/4 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures       |
    |      | specified                                                |
    |OC    | offset conductivity channel to account for shift/offset  |
    |      | (units: mS/cm)                                           |
    |RO    | offset raw ctdoxy data to account for signal shift       |
    |      | caused by slowdown/stop/yoyo; usually "DO" in transition |
    |      | area near offset                                         |
    |S3    | quality code 3 salinity in .ctd file for pressures       |
    |      | specified                                                |
    +------+----------------------------------------------------------+


+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1015/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l        | DO/0-650db, GS 15m              |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/RO -1/3212-3218db            |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1016/01 | ON                             | DO/0-650db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/+0.30 ml/l bulge not seen   | DO/O3/0-18db                    |
|        | on upcast, nearby casts        |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1017/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l        | DO/0-850db, GD 0-20m            |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1018/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.12 ml/l        | DO/0-900db, GD 10-20m; fit      |
|        | compared to btls               | reasonable for high noise       |
|        |                                | level of cast                   |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1019/01 | ON                             | DO/0-698db/btm                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1020/01 | ON                             | DO/0-478db/btm                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1021/01 | ON                             | DO/0-202db/btm                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1022/01 | OF/max. +0.15 ml/l compared to | O3/0-14db, although upcast      |
|        | btl/nearby casts               | ctdoxy also higher here         |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.04 ml/l compared to | NA/138-142db/btm, fit           |
|        | btl                            | reasonable for this shallow     |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1026/01 | ON                             | DO/66-140db/btm                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1027/01 | DG/+0.12, high srfc ctdT/C;    | NA/top 10db                     |
|        | upcast density also low at     |                                 |
|        | srfc                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-198db/btm                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1028/01 | DG/+0.14, high srfc ctdT/C;    | NA/top 6db                      |
|        | only downcast density low at   |                                 |
|        | srfc                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l        | DO/0-476db/btm, GS 10-15m; fit  |
|        | compared to btls               | reasonable for high noise       |
|        |                                | level of cast                   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OS                             | DO/RO +25 to +35/2-8db, ok      |
|        |                                | after dspk                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OH/raw ctdoxy signal up to 12% | DO/RO -150 to -40/O3/10-32db,   |
|        | high                           | max. +0.05 ml/l compared to     |
|        |                                | btl after dspk, but coded       |
|        |                                | questionable because large      |
|        |                                | dspk near srfc                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared | O3/220-248db                    |
|        | to nearest btls/upcast/sta     |                                 |
|        | 1020                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OB                             | RO +25/472-476db/btm,           |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1029/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l        | DO/0-650db, DU                  |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1030/01 | DG/+0.13, high srfc ctdT/C;    | NA/top 10db                     |
|        | upcast density also low at     |                                 |
|        | srfc                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l        | DO/0-750db, DU/GD 10-15m/up     |
|        | compared to btls top 140db     | also drops near-srfc, but not   |
|        |                                | as much                         |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | WS/2.0 mins. at 908db          | NA/906-910db, less than 0.02    |
|        |                                | ml/l momentary drop in ctdoxy   |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1031/01 | ON/max.(+-0.10 ml/l noise      | DO/0-650db, DU/GD 10m; fit      |
|        | level                          | reasonable for high noise       |
|        |                                | level of cast                   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. -0.20 ml/l compared | O3/530-560db, DU/GD 10m, up     |
|        | to btls 530-580db              | also drops near 550db, but      |
|        |                                | only slightly                   |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1032/01 | ON                             | DO/0-850db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OB                             | RO +4/2014-2020db/btm           |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1033 -  | ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning,  | see codes below; sensor         |
|1038    | will not fit to deep btls      | changed out before sta 1039     |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1033/01 | ON                             | DO/0-650db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.20 ml/l compared to | DO/240-360db, GS 5-10m;         |
|        | btls, ok compared to nearby    | similar drops on upcast         |
|        | casts                          |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy signal drops 4%, | DO/2296-2316db, ok after dspk,  |
|        | possibly sensor contamination  | seemed to affect only this      |
|        |                                | short section                   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.04 ml/l compared | O3/2478-2644db;                 |
|        | to nearby btls/sta 1015;       | O4/2646-3220db/btm              |
|        | ctdoxy will not fit to deep    |                                 |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1034/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l        | DO/0-650db, fit reasonable for  |
|        | compared to btls               | high noise level of cast        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.20 ml/l compared to | O3/700-1100db, fit too far off  |
|        | btls                           | to be accounted for by DU/GD    |
|        |                                | 20-30m                          |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.03 ml/l        | O3/1748-2676db;                 |
|        | compared to btls; ctdoxy will  | O4/2678-4446db/btm              |
|        | not fit to deep btls           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1035/01 | DG/+0.13, high srfc ctdT/C/S;  | NA/top 12db                     |
|        | upcast density also low at     |                                 |
|        | srfc                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l        | DO/0-650db, GD 5-10m top        |
|        | compared to btls               | 200db, GS 10-20m 250-500db;     |
|        |                                | fit reasonable for high noise   |
|        |                                | level of cast                   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/650-1100db, GS 15-20m        |
|        | to btls                        | 650-900db, GD 15-20m            |
|        |                                | 900-1100db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared | O3/1870-2224db, drop not seen   |
|        | to btls 1870-1946db, max.      | on upcast; O4/2226-5110db/btm   |
|        | +/-0.03 ml/l till 2224db;      |                                 |
|        | ctdoxy will not fit to deep    |                                 |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1036/01 | ON                             | DO/0-600db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OS                             | RO +60/0-4db                    |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.50 ml/l compared to | NA/50-380db, DU/GD 5-15m top    |
|        | btls                           | 450db, fit reasonable for high  |
|        |                                | noise level of cast and larger  |
|        |                                | features down vs up this area   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.07 ml/l compared to | NA/1194-1286db, correlates      |
|        | btl                            | with ctdS feature               |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. -0.03 ml/l compared | O3/1552-2134db;                 |
|        | to btls; ctdoxy will not fit   | O4/2136-5134db/btm              |
|        | to deep btls                   |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1037/01 | transmissometer                | replaced transmissometer #152D  |
|        | dysfunctional/low last 3 casts | with #151D prior to cast        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-650db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OH/raw ctdoxy signal 2-10%     | DO/RO -130 to -40/O3/0-32db,    |
|        | high near surface, dips lower  | looks ok after dspk, but coded  |
|        | this area on upcast            | questionable because large      |
|        |                                | offset/wide section             |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.40 ml/l compared  | NA/50-800db, DU/GD 5-10m top    |
|        | to btls                        | 140db, DU/GS 5-15m 140-300db,   |
|        |                                | GD 10-45m 300-800db             |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.05 ml/l compared | O3/1628-2104db;                 |
|        | to btls; ctdoxy will not fit   | O4/2106-5142db/btm              |
|        | to deep btls                   |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1038/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l        | DO/0-550db, GD 5-30m 30-450db   |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared to | O3/42-48db, only small drop     |
|        | nearby ctd                     | seen upcast                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.05 ml/l compared | O3/2034-2176db;                 |
|        | to btls; ctdoxy will not fit   | O4/2178-5142db/btm              |
|        | to deep btls                   |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1039/01 | replaced ctdoxy sensor         |                                 |
|        | 05-01-10 with new sensor       |                                 |
|        | 5-01-03 prior to cast          |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | DI/-0.036, lowest density at   | NA/top 6db                      |
|        | 6db                            |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-620db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy spiking 20%      | DO/212-216db, ok after dspk:    |
|        | high, ctdoxy bulges +0.10 ml/l | bulge correlates with ctdS      |
|        | 212-278db                      | feature                         |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/400-1300db, GD 10-15m        |
|        | to btls                        | 400-730db, GS 10-25m            |
|        |                                | 730-1300db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/+/-0.02 ml/l deep noise     | DO/1700-5134db/btm              |
|        | level                          |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy spiking up to    | DO/2600-2750db, ok after dspk   |
|        | +/-24% in 2 sections           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy spiking up to    | DO/O3/2868-3180db, looks ok     |
|        | +/-17%                         | after dspk, but coded           |
|        |                                | questionable because            |
|        |                                | continuous large section        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/ctdoxy drifting higher,     | O3/5062-5134db/btm, RO          |
|        | max. +0.05 ml/l at btm         | -1/5126-5134db                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1040/01 | DI/-0.023, lowest density at   | NA/top 6db                      |
|        | 8db                            |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-550db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/400-1500db, GD 20-40m        |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ctdoxy drops up to -0.10 ml/l  | NA/1390-1450db, correlates      |
|        | between btls, upcast also      | with ctdS feature               |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.05 ml/l compared to | O3/2970-4600db, ctdoxy fit      |
|        | btls                           | would improve greatly if        |
|        |                                | btloxys shifted one level       |
|        |                                | deeper (if samples mis-drawn),  |
|        |                                | but theta-oxy overlays and      |
|        |                                | upcast test-fit indicate the    |
|        |                                | btloxys are fine                |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1041/01 | transmissometer removed this   |                                 |
|        | cast only                      |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | DG/+0.19, high srfc ctdT/C,    | NA/top 8db                      |
|        | low ctdS; top 60db             |                                 |
|        | down/upcasts differ, down      |                                 |
|        | density drops to meet up only  |                                 |
|        | at very srfc                   |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-600db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.35 ml/l compared  | NA/0-800db, DU/GD 10-15m        |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.04 ml/l compared to | O3/2860-3288db                  |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/3714-3728db                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1042/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l        | DO/0-550db, GD 5-15m            |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/-1.25 to -2.73 PSU ctdS     | S3/870-1066db, looks ok after   |
|        | dropout until stop/yoyos back  | dspk, but coded questionable    |
|        | up at 1066db                   | because long section            |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | WS/2.5 mins. to yoyo from 1066 | NA/1066-1068db, no apparent     |
|        | back to 1008db to clear SS     | effect on ctdoxy                |
|        | problem                        |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1043/01 | ON                             | DO/0-550db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/400-900db, GD 10-15m         |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1044 -  | multiple/intermittent ~0.001   | see comments below; cleaned     |
|1051    | ctdC/S drop-outs               | Cond sensor after station 1051  |
|        |                                | - fixed problem                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1044/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l        | DO/0-550db, GS 5-10m            |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0005 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.0008/1386-1438db,            |
|        |                                | 2558-2570db, 2768-2798db,       |
|        |                                | 2932-2990db, 3080-3212db,       |
|        |                                | 3224-3298db, 3360-3428db        |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1045/01 | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | DO/O3/0-18db, much smaller      |
|        | to btl, nearby ctd casts       | drop on upcast                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.60 ml/l        | DO/0-500db, DU/GD 10-40m        |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l compared  | NA/500-2000db, DU/GD 20-40m     |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0005 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.0007/2722-2766db,            |
|        |                                | 3258-3356db, 3738-3866db,       |
|        |                                | 4048-4708db, 4726-4800db/btm    |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/4400-4800db                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.05 ml/l compared to | O3/4714-4744db, not seen on     |
|        | nearby btl/ctdoxys             | upcast either                   |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1046/01 | DG/+0.13, high srfc ctdT/C,    | NA/top 12db                     |
|        | low ctdS; upcast density also  |                                 |
|        | low at srfc, downcast lower    |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-500db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/20-120db, DU                 |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/260-700db, GD                |
|        | to btls                        | 20m/260-500db, GS               |
|        |                                | ~10m/500-700db                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0005 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.0008/2486-2500db,            |
|        |                                | 2580-2646db, 2840-2876db,       |
|        |                                | 2890-2988db                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0005 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.0015/3232-5144db/btm in 6    |
|        |                                | contiguous segments             |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/+0.02-3 compared to bottom  | NA/4946-5144db/btm, ok          |
|        | 2 btls                         | compared to sta 1047            |
|        |                                | btl/ctdoxys                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/5136-5144db/btm              |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1047/01 | ON/OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l        | DO/0-700db, DU/GD 5-20m         |
|        | compared to btls               |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0007 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.001/3420-3608db,             |
|        |                                | 3876-4010db                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.03 ml/l compared to | O3/3600-4400db, similar         |
|        | btls                           | problem sta 1048/1049           |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1048/01 | DI/-0.024, lowest density at   | NA/top 10db                     |
|        | 8-10db                         |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared | DO/O3/0-32db, slow transit      |
|        | to btls                        | through surface area, no        |
|        |                                | drop/stable mixed layer top     |
|        |                                | 15db of upcast before ctdoxy    |
|        |                                | peaks                           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l compared  | NA/0-650db, GD 5-10m 20-70db,   |
|        | to btls                        | GS 5-10m 70-200db, GD 5-25m     |
|        |                                | 200-650db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.03 ml/l compared to | O3/1528-2136db                  |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.04 ml/l compared to | O3/3328-4600db, similar         |
|        | btls                           | problem stas 1047/1049          |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0007 to                   |
|        |                                | +0.001/2082-2176db,             |
|        |                                | 2238-2596db, 2658-2674db,       |
|        |                                | 3470-3602db, 3838-4020db        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OB/OF/+0.02-07 ml/l compared   | O3/5074-5338db/btm, RO -3 to    |
|        | to btls/nearby casts           | -2/5324-5338/btm: signal drops  |
|        |                                | ~5290db at btm slowdown, then   |
|        |                                | drifts upward until btm; not    |
|        |                                | on upcast                       |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1049/01 | ON/OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared | DO/O3/0-28db, slow transit      |
|        | to btls                        | through surface area, small     |
|        |                                | rise top 25db of upcast before  |
|        |                                | ctdoxy peaks                    |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.40 ml/l compared  | NA/0-800db, GD 10-25m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.001/3290-3440db,          |
|        |                                | 4338-4474db                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.03 ml/l compared to | O3/3700-4030db, similar         |
|        | btls                           | problem stas 1047/1048          |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy intermittently   | DO/4700-5318db, ok after dspk   |
|        | spiking up to +/-3%            |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1050/01 | DI/-0.016, lowest density at   | NA/top 10db                     |
|        | 10-16db                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared to | O3/24-36db, slow transit        |
|        | btl                            | through surface area; sm.       |
|        |                                | ctdoxy drop on upcast near      |
|        |                                | here probably due to btl stop   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-450db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.65 ml/l compared  | NA/20-900db, DU/GD 10-15m       |
|        | to btls                        | 20-480db, GS 10-20m 480-900db   |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0008/2090-2122db,         |
|        |                                | 2142-2160db, 2172-2218db,       |
|        |                                | 2662-2774db, 3190-3458db,       |
|        |                                | 3944-5198db                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OB/raw ctdoxy               | DO/4700-5244db/btm, ok after    |
|        | intermittently spiking up to   | dspk                            |
|        | +/-3%                          |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1051/01 | ON                             | DO/0-500db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared to | O3/6-30db, slow transit         |
|        | btl                            | through surface area; no        |
|        |                                | ctdoxy drop on upcast           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.40 ml/l compared  | NA/40-200db, GD 5-20m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | SS/CO                          | OC +0.0005/2080-2090db,         |
|        |                                | 2120-5238db                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.03 ml/l compared  | O3/4502-4560db,                 |
|        | to btls/nearby casts           | 5014-5240db/btm                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1052/01 | cleaned conductivity cell      | adjusted conductivity offset    |
|        | prior to cast because of       | coefficient for signal shift    |
|        | +/-0.001 offsetting problems   | caused by cleaning; no more     |
|        | during recent casts            | mid-cast offsetting problems,   |
|        |                                | sensor appears stable           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OS/OF/max. -0.10 ml/l compared | DO/RO +40(2-10db)/O3/0-14db,    |
|        | to btls                        | no ctdoxy drop on upcast        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared to | NA/24-38db, ctdoxy drop also    |
|        | nearby btls                    | on upcast                       |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1053/01 | ON                             | DO/0-800db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.20 ml/l compared to | NA/120-220db, GD 5-15m          |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1054/01 | ON                             | DO/0-500db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.30 ml/l compared to | NA/120-180db, DU/ctdoxy drop    |
|        | btls                           | also on upcast                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.50 ml/l compared to | NA/400-550db, GD 10-20m         |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1055/01 | OF/max. -0.25 ml/l compared to | O3/8-42db, no ctdoxy drops on   |
|        | btls                           | upcast here                     |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/especially top 120db        | DO/0-450db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.60 ml/l compared to | NA/50-700db, GD 15-30m          |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.04 ml/l compared to | O3/2860-2938db                  |
|        | btls/nearby casts              |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1056/01 | OS/raw ctdoxy signal 2.5-39%   | DO/RO +50/O3/0-34db, looks ok   |
|        | high top 4db, then drops low   | after dspk, similar to up, but  |
|        |                                | coded questionable because      |
|        |                                | large dspk near srfc            |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/espec. top 120db            | DO/0-450db                      |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1057/01 | ON/espec. top 100db            | DO/0-420db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.25 ml/l compared to | O3/52-62db, may correlate with  |
|        | btls/nearby casts              | ctdS feature, but no ctdoxy     |
|        |                                | drop on upcast here             |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.30 ml/l compared  | NA/80-520db, GD 5-20m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | BQ/btm 2 btls                  | EB/5500-5666db                  |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.05 ml/l compared to | DO/O3/5558-5666db/btm, no       |
|        | nearby casts                   | ctdoxy drop on upcast or        |
|        |                                | nearby casts                    |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1058/01 | ON                             | DO/0-110db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-1.0 ml/l compared   | NA/50-230db, DU/GD 15-20m       |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | raw ctdoxy intermittently      | DO/1150-4800db, ok after dspk   |
|        | spiking +1% to +32%            |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.04 ml/l compared to | O3/4030-4502db                  |
|        | btls/previous cast             |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1059/01 | ON                             | DO/0-80db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.40 ml/l compared to | NA/10-26db, ctdoxy drop also    |
|        | nearby btls/casts              | on upcast                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.20 ml/l compared to | NA/42-48db, correlates with     |
|        | nearby btls/casts              | ctdS feature, maybe smaller     |
|        |                                | ctdoxy drop on upcast           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.25 ml/l compared  | NA/20-350db, GD 5-10m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.04 ml/l compared to | O3/3784-3882db, no ctdoxy drop  |
|        | btls/previous cast             | on upcast                       |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1060/01 | ON                             | DO/0-100db                      |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/20-400db, DU/GD 10-20m       |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1061/01 | ON                             | DO/0-50db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.55 ml/l compared  | NA/30-300db, GD 15-20m          |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | BQ/10 btloxys max. +0.22 ml/l  | EB/750-3000db, did not use      |
|        | compared to ctdoxy             | anomalous btloxys for ctdoxy    |
|        |                                | fit; used deep theta-oxy        |
|        |                                | overlays to check fit           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.03 ml/l        | O3/3486-3534db/btm, noisy       |
|        | compared to btl/next few casts | signal near/at btm              |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1062/01 | ON                             | DO/0-50db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.55 ml/l compared  | NA/20-500db, GD 20-40m          |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | BQ/9 btloxys +0.05 to +0.14    | EB/700-3548db/btm, did not use  |
|        | ml/l compared to ctdoxy        | anomalous btloxys for ctdoxy    |
|        |                                | fit - used stas 1061/1063       |
|        |                                | btloxys to fill in gaps below   |
|        |                                | 700db; used deep theta-oxy      |
|        |                                | overlays to check fit           |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | CO/SS?/small-scale offset seen | OC +0.002/S3/1000-1054db,       |
|        | in overlays with upcast/nearby | looks ok after offset, but      |
|        | casts                          | difficult to determine exact    |
|        |                                | end of problem                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1063 -  | ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning,  | see codes below; sensor         |
|1067    | will not fit to deep btls      | changed out before sta 1068     |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1063/01 | ON                             | DO/0-80db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared to | O3/10-24db, no ctdoxy drop on   |
|        | nearby btls/casts              | upcast                          |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/50-500db, DU/GD 0-10m        |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.05 ml/l compared to | O3/2492-3110db;                 |
|        | btls; OO/OF/ctdoxy will not    | O4/3502-4276db/btm              |
|        | fit to deep btls               |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1064/01 | ON                             | DO/0-80db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.20 ml/l compared to | O3/24-34db, no ctdoxy drop on   |
|        | nearby btls/casts              | upcast, deeper drops correlate  |
|        |                                | with ctdS structure             |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/70-220db, GS 5-10m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.03 ml/l compared | O3/3222-3286db;                 |
|        | to btl; ctdoxy will not fit to | O4/3288-4486db/btm              |
|        | deep btls                      |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1065/01 | DG/+0.40, low srfc             | NA/top 8db                      |
|        | ctdT/C/S/density, downcast     |                                 |
|        | only                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-50db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.20 ml/l compared to | NA/14-58db, ctdoxy drops also   |
|        | nearby btls/casts              | on upcast                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/40-420db, GD 5-10m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.03 ml/l        | O3/3424-3594db;                 |
|        | compared to btl; ctdoxy will   | O4/3596-4526db/btm              |
|        | not fit to deep btls           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1066/01 | ON                             | DO/0-70db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/30-600db, GD 5-10m           |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | BQ/5 btloxys automatically     | 1700-2750db, included the       |
|        | omitted because of cts 3 code  | btloxys for ctdoxy fit          |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.04 ml/l compared | O3/3702-3820db;                 |
|        | to btl; ctdoxy noisy and will  | O4/3822-4996db/btm              |
|        | not fit to deep btls           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1067/01 | DG/+0.34, high srfc ctdT, low  | NA/top 10db                     |
|        | ctdC/S; upcast density also    |                                 |
|        | low at srfc, downcast lower    |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared to | NA/12-38db, ctdoxy drops also   |
|        | nearby btls                    | on upcast                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | NA/40-300db, GD 10-15m          |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.05 ml/l compared to | DO/O3/410-436db, area           |
|        | btls                           | preceding major ctdoxy          |
|        |                                | spiking/drifting problems       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/ON/OF/raw ctdoxy spiking    | DO/O4/438-628db                 |
|        | from one-fourth to 3x normal   |                                 |
|        | values, then slowly drifts     |                                 |
|        | upward                         |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. -0.07 ml/l, no      | O3/630-1112db                   |
|        | despiking required             |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/signal crazy through this   | DO/O4/1114-2498db, dspkd only   |
|        | section, raw ctdoxy half to    | to get final values in-range    |
|        | more than 20x typical values;  | for reports                     |
|        | settles down/steady drift      |                                 |
|        | upward from about 2400db       |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy spiking up to    | DO/2522-2600db, 4346-4400db     |
|        | +/-18%                         |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.06 ml/l        | O3/2500-4066db;                 |
|        | compared to btls; ctdoxy noisy | O4/4068-5582db/btm              |
|        | and will not fit to deep btls  |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1068/01 | changed ctdoxy sensor back to  |                                 |
|        | 05-01-10 prior to cast         |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON                             | DO/0-90db                       |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.15 ml/l compared  | NA/70-300db, DU/GD 5-10m        |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l compared  | NA/300-450db, GS 10-15m         |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/raw ctdoxy spiking from 50% | DO/O3/484-540db, looks ok       |
|        | low up to 75% above normal     | after dspk, but coded           |
|        |                                | questionable because large      |
|        |                                | dspk/long section               |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/ON/signal crazy through     | DO/O4/640-1900db                |
|        | this section: raw ctdoxy half  |                                 |
|        | to more than 2.5x typical      |                                 |
|        | values, then drifts slowly     |                                 |
|        | back                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.06 ml/l compared | O3/1902-2220db                  |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.04 ml/l compared | O3/4354-4636db;                 |
|        | to btls; ctdoxy noisy and will | O4/4638-5120db/btm              |
|        | not fit to deep btls           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1069 -  | replaced ctdoxy sensor with    | surface raw ctdoxy values are   |
|1076    | new sensor 5-01-07 for these   | 1.3-2x typical values of        |
|        | casts                          | previous 2 sensors              |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1069/01 | OS                             | RO -30/2-6db                    |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/max. +/-0.40 ml/l        | DO/0-90db, ok compared to       |
|        | compared to btls               | nearby ctd casts, smaller       |
|        |                                | ctdoxy drops also on upcast;    |
|        |                                | btl at 32db looks high, but     |
|        |                                | correlates with low             |
|        |                                | btlS/upcast -0.15 PSU ctdS      |
|        |                                | feature from 24-38db            |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.25 ml/l compared to | O3/132-396db                    |
|        | btls/nearby casts              |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/raw ctdoxy +/-70%        | DO/O3/538-758db                 |
|        | compared to typical values,    |                                 |
|        | max. +0.10 ml/l compared to    |                                 |
|        | btls after dspk                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ON/OF/noise level up to        | O3/2146-5820db/btm              |
|        | +/-0.07 ml/l, max. +/-0.05     |                                 |
|        | ml/l compared to btls          |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1070/01 | OO/ON/OF/-0.15 to -0.25 ml/l   | DO/O4/0-48db                    |
|        | compared to btls/nearby casts; |                                 |
|        | raw ctdoxy high/stuck at value |                                 |
|        | 4512 for top 14db              |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared  | O3/50-258db, GD 5-10m           |
|        | to btls                        | 30-180db, sensor possibly       |
|        |                                | still recovering from surface   |
|        |                                | problems                        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.05 ml/l compared  | NA/260-350db, GS 10-15m         |
|        | to btls                        |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.07 ml/l compared  | O3/3102-5056db                  |
|        | to btls, espec. below 3938db   |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1071 -  | btm much deeper than primary   | limited casts to 6000m max.     |
|1075    | pressure sensor capacity       | depth                           |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1071/01 | OO/OF/ctdoxy will not fit to   | O4/0-242db                      |
|        | shallow btls; raw ctdoxy       |                                 |
|        | high/stuck at value 4512 for   |                                 |
|        | top 64db                       |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l        | O3/244-448db, sensor still      |
|        | compared to btls/nearby casts  | recovering from surface         |
|        |                                | problems                        |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. -0.07 ml/l compared to | O3/2662-3600db                  |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1072/01 | DG/+0.17, high srfc ctdT, low  | NA/top 8db                      |
|        | ctdC/S, downcast only          |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/ctdoxy will not fit to   | O4/0-136db                      |
|        | shallow btls; raw ctdoxy rises |                                 |
|        | +34% in 1 sec. at 129-130db    |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.35 ml/l        | O3/138-236db, sensor still      |
|        | compared to btls               | recovering from drifting        |
|        |                                | problem                         |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +0.15 ml/l compared | O3/4464-4930db, not on upcast,  |
|        | to btls                        | suspect sensor still having     |
|        |                                | problems                        |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1073/01 | PRT-2 replaced with FSI-OPM;   |                                 |
|        | OPM port plugged this cast     |                                 |
|        | only                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | ctdoxy sensor may have been    | ctdoxy sensor seems to behave   |
|        | removed and/or replaced prior  | the same for stas 1073-1076 as  |
|        | to this cast                   | previous casts (sticking at     |
|        |                                | 4512 and/or sharp jumps mid-    |
|        |                                | cast); probably no change,      |
|        |                                | perhaps just checked out by     |
|        |                                | electronics tech                |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/ctdoxy will not fit to   | O4/0-258db                      |
|        | shallow btls; raw ctdoxy rises |                                 |
|        | +20% in 2 secs. at 136-138db   |                                 |
|        | and +8% in 1 sec. at 208-209db |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/+0.25 ml/l compared to   | O3/260-438db, btls ok vs        |
|        | one btl/ok compared to other   | upcast, ctdoxy rises not seen   |
|        | btls                           | in upcast; suspect sensor       |
|        |                                | still recovering from drifting  |
|        |                                | problem                         |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +/-0.02 ml/l compared  | O3/6010-6104db, ctdoxy appears  |
|        | to btl/nearby casts            | to drift high, although did     |
|        |                                | not use btm btl for fit (+0.04  |
|        |                                | ml/l compared to nearby casts)  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1074/01 | short in one conductor         | re-terminated wire prior to     |
|        |                                | cast                            |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/ctdoxy will not fit to   | O4/0-366db                      |
|        | shallow btls; raw ctdoxy       |                                 |
|        | high/stuck at value 4512 for   |                                 |
|        | top 72db                       |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. +/-0.10 ml/l        | O3/368-988db, suspect sensor    |
|        | compared to btls (except 810db | still recovering from drifting  |
|        | btl - suspect                  | problem                         |
|        | high/questionable)/nearby      |                                 |
|        | casts                          |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OF/max. +0.05 ml/l compared to | NA/990-1350db, DU/GD 15-30m     |
|        | btls                           |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | BQ/3 of 4 btloxys omitted -    | EB/3050-4550db, deep fit        |
|        | high/coded 4                   | within +/-0.02 ml/l of          |
|        |                                | adjacent casts                  |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Sta/Cast  Problem/Comment                  Solution/Action                 |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|1075/01 | DG/+0.37, high srfc ctdT, low  | NA/top 12db                     |
|        | ctdC/S; upcast density also    |                                 |
|        | low at srfc                    |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/ctdoxy will not fit to   | O4/0-900db                      |
|        | shallow btls; raw ctdoxy rises |                                 |
|        | +12% in 5 secs. at 214-219db   |                                 |
|        |                                |                                 |
|        | OO/OF/max. -0.15 ml/l compared | O3/902-1012db, suspect sensor   |
|        | to btls/nearby casts           | still recovering from drifting  |
|        |                                | problem                         |
+--------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+





                                Appendix D

                   WOCE95-I10:  Bottle Quality Comments

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI data comments, and WOCE
codes other than 2 from WOCE95-I10 KN-145.13.  Investigation of data may
include comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review
of data plots of the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading
of charts (i.e., nutrients).  Comments from the Sample Logs and the results
of ODF's investigations are included in this report.  Units stated in these
comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for
salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and
micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Phosphate.  The
first number before the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus
the bottle number (BTLNBR).


STATION 1015

122-118        Bubble in silicate line, cleared the bubble and tried to
               rerun the samples, but the system got another bubble, and
               SiO3 samples were lost.

105            Sample log: "Large leak (bottom), did not reseat."  Salinity
               is acceptable.  Oxygen and nutrients are acceptable.

103            Sample log: "Leaker (bottom), reseated okay."  Bottle
               salinity is low compared with CTD.  No indication of a
               problem during salinity run.  Salinity could have been
               switched with 2.  Footnote salinity bad.  Oxygen appears
               acceptable.  Nutrients are also acceptable, suspect that
               observation regarding the bottle did not affect the samples.

101            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity is
               outside specifications of instrument.  There were 5 tries
               before obtaining readings which agreed, this is a clear
               indication that there was a problem.  This sample also does
               not agree with Station 1033 which was a reoccupation of this
               station.  Footnote salinity bad.


STATION 1016

125            CTDO Processor: "+0.30 ml/l ctdoxy bulge not seen on upcast,
               nearby casts."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

124            Oxygen: "Operator error, lost sample."  Entered thio late,
               footnote oxygen sample lost.  Bottle salinity is low
               compared with CTD.  Gradient area, salinity is acceptable.
               Reexamination of salinity: "does not agree with reoccupation
               station; there are no analytical notes."  Footnote salinity
               questionable and oxygen lost.

123            Oxygen: "Operator error, lost sample."  Entered thio late,
               footnote oxygen sample lost.

117            Sample log: "Bottle did not trip."  Bottle 18 tripped at
               this depth.

102            Oxygen appears high. No problems noted.  Footnote oxygen
               bad, other samples are acceptable.  PI: "Oxygen and salinity
               are marginally high suggesting possibility of leaky bottle.
               However, no comments on Sample Log, also nutrients okay.
               Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity
               Analyses: "3 attempts for a good reading."  Nutrients agree
               with re-occupation Station 1032."  Footnote salinity and
               oxygen bad.

101            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinometer took
               5 tries before getting two to agree.  Footnote salinity bad.
               PI: "Agrees with re-occupation Station 1032. Code salinity
               acceptable."


STATION 1017

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

116            Oxygen appears low, but CTD also indicates this to be a true
               feature.  PI: "O2 analysis looks okay, agrees with re-
               occupation Station 1031."


STATION 1018

117            Sample log: "Bottle 17 tripped, but was not scheduled to
               trip.  Samples were drawn and agree with other surface trip
               data.  Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  PI
               agrees.

105            Oxygen: "Overtitrated, not sure why."  Oxygen is acceptable.
               Salinity: "Had trouble with getting a reading, there was a
               bubble in cell that would not clear. Ran low on water, but
               rerun tried after the run."  Bottle salinity is high
               compared with CTD.  Footnote salinity bad, does not agree
               with CTD or adjoining stations.  PI: "O2 agrees with CTD
               shape, and agrees with re-occupation station 1030. Salinity
               agrees with re-occupation station, salinity is acceptable."


STATION 1019

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."


STATION 1020

104            Sample log: "Slight bottom leak."  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  PI: "O2 fits re-occupation Station
               1028 beautifully."

103            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting."  Oxygen as well as
               other samples are acceptable.  PI: "O2 fits re-occupation
               Station 1028 beautifully."

101            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity
               Analyses: "3 attempts for a good reading."  Also high
               compared with re-occupation Station 1028.  Footnote salinity
               bad.


STATION 1021

104            Sample log: "Bottom leak again."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees. PI: "Salinity acceptable."


STATION 1022

Cast 1         Sample log: "Salinity case was nearly dry before new fill."

105            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.15 ml/l compared to
               bottle/nearby casts, although upcast ctdoxy also higher
               here."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

104            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

103            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1023

104            Sample log: "Broken end cap leak, reseated, but out of
               water."  Oxygen was the only parameter sampled, and appears
               to be okay.  PI agrees.

103            Sample log: "Leak after venting, reseated okay."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1024

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."


STATION 1025

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."


STATION 1026

101            Sample log: "Slight leak."  Salinity is a little low, but
               acceptable as well as other samples.  PI agrees.


STATION 1027

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

104            Oxygen appears low, but probably okay, nutrients high.  PI:
               "Salinity acceptable, O2 low compared to re-occupation, but
               high compared to Station 1028. Okay."

103            Oxygen appears low, but probably okay, nutrients high.  PI:
               "Salinity high ~0.1 psu compared with re-occupation.  O2 low
               compared to re-occupation, but high compared to Station
               1028. Okay."


STATION 1028

110            CTDO Processor: "raw ctdoxy signal up to 12% high, max.
               +0.05 ml/l compared to bottle after despike; coded
               questionable because large despike near surface."  Footnote
               CTD oxygen questionable.

103            Sample log: "Leaked at the bottom."  Data appears
               acceptable, salinity agrees with CTD and feature, high no3
               and po4 and low salt, on station profile appears real.  PI
               agrees.


STATION 1029

103            Sample log: "Leak on top."  Data appears to be acceptable.
               PI agrees.


STATION 1030

107            Sample log: "Leaked at stop cock."  Data appears acceptable.
               PI agrees.

103            Sample log: "Leak at bottom."  Data appears acceptable.  PI:
               "Salt looks high compared with re-occupation, but okay."


STATION 1031

117            Oxygen appears low on station profile, however it agrees
               with CTDO. NO3 appears low, nutrients appear high. Appears
               to be a real feature. Let PI decide.  PI: "All nutrients a
               little high compared with re-occupation, oxygen and salinity
               acceptable, oxygen, nutrients high compared with Station
               1030, salinity low, oxygen okay, nutrients high compared
               with Station 1031. Okay based on re-occupation.

110            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noisy and max. -0.20 ml/l compared
               to bottles 530-580db; up also drops near 550db, but only
               slightly."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

103            Sample log: "Top valve opened a few minutes before sampling
               CFC's, then reclosed."  Oxygen as well as other samples are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1032

126            Sample log: Bottom leak."  Salinity appears low compared
               with adjoining stations, however, it agrees with the CTD.
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

103            Sample log: "Slight Bottom leak."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1033

129            Sample log: "Slight leaked, fixed."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample log: "Leaked after venting from bottom, reseated
               okay."  Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI
               agrees.

125            Sample log: "Slight leak bottom, reseated okay."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

124            Gradient area, salinity is acceptable.  PI agrees.

123            Sample log: "Leak from bottom after venting, reseated okay."
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

105            Salinity (0.003), NO3 and SiO3 low, PO4 and O2 high.  No
               notes indicating a problem.  Bottle salinity is low compared
               with CTD.  PI: "Salinity a little low, O2 high compared with
               re-occupation, but re-occupation questionable also at this
               point.  1800 to 2700 db PO4 higher than Station 1034, 1015.
               PI: "1800-2700db PO4 higher than Station 1034, 1015 bottle
               3: NO3 less than re-occupation, Station 1034 less than
               salinity.  Salinity a little low or high compared with
               Station 1015, but re-occupation questionable also at this
               point."  CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max.
               +0.04 ml/l compared to nearby bottles/sta 1015."  Footnote
               bottle leaking CTD oxygen questionable and samples bad.

104-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

103            Sample log: "Leaked from bottom after venting, reseated
               okay."  Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI:
               "Okay with re-occupation."  See 104-101 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1034

129            Sample log: "Bottom leak, reseated okay."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.

126-123        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.20 ml/l compared to bottles,
               fit too far off to be accounted for by down/up differences."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

118-112        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.03
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

112            SiO3 0.7 low.  Nutrient Analyst: "Odd shaped peak.  Unable
               to devise correct peak height.  Footnote silicate bad."  PI:
               "NO3 and PO4 a little low also."  Footnote all nutrients
               bad, must have been some kind of contamination.  See 118-112
               CTD oxygen comment.  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable and
               nutrients bad.

111-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

103            Sample log: "Bottom leak."  Bottle salinity is low compared
               with CTD.  Oxygen and nutrients are are acceptable.  PI:
               "Oxygen and salinity could be higher compared with Stations
               1035-1037, nutrients okay. Footnote oxygen bad."  See

               111-101 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen, bottle
               salinity and oxygen bad.


STATION 1035

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."  PO4 low compared with Stations
               1036 through 1044 Nutrient analyst adjusted PO4 and agrees
               with 1034, and 1036 through 1044 just slightly lower.

129            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD up
               trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity and other data
               are acceptable.  No CTDOXY is calculated because the CTD
               salinity is coded bad.

124            O2 low vs. SiO3 and Potemp, O2 draw temperature reasonable.
               PI: "Agrees with CTDOXY from real-time plot."  Data are
               acceptable.

123            Salinity and nutrients appear low on station profile,
               however oxygen is high and salinity and oxygen agree with
               CTD.  PI: "Local O2 max."  PI agrees data acceptable.

121            PI: "Local O2 min."

120            PI: "Local O2 max."

119            PI: "Local O2 min."

118            PI: "Local O2 max."

114-113        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. -0.15
               ml/l compared to bottles 1870-1946db, max. +/-0.03 ml/l
               deeper; drop not seen on upcast."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

112-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1036

133            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data agree with adjoining stations.  PI
               agrees.

129            Sample log: "Bottom valve leaker (significantly)."  Oxygen
               and other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

127            Sample log: "Stop cock leaker before top valve opened."
               Oxygen and other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Bottle salinity is low
               compared with CTD.  Oxygen and other data are acceptable.
               PI agrees.

118-116        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. -0.03
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

115-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

103            Sample log: "Slow leak, bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 115-101 CTD oxygen
               comment.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad, other samples acceptable.


STATION 1037

136            CTDO Processor: "raw ctdoxy signal 2-10% high near surface,
               dips lower this area on upcast; looks okay after despike,
               but coded questionable because large offset/wide section."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD Processor:

               "CTD salinity is acceptable."

129            Sample log: "Leak after venting, no reseat all samples drawn
               asap.  Oxygen as well as other samples are acceptable.
               Gradient area, salinity okay.  PI: "Salinity agrees with
               1029, oxygen okay."  Bottle salinity is low compared with
               CTD.  Salinity Analyses: "3 attempts for a good reading."

125            Sample log: "Air leak top cap, reseated okay."  Bottle
               salinity is high compared with CTD.  But, within the
               accuracy of the measurement.  Oxygen and other data appear
               acceptable.  Bottle appears to be okay.  Let PI decide.  PI:
               "Okay, salinity, oxygen at Station 1032 consistent low if
               anything."

118-117        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +0.05
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

116-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

112            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  No analytical
               problems noted, other data are acceptable.  Salinity is
               usable but not as precise as other salinity data.  PI:
               "Salinity agrees with Station 1033."  See 101-116 CTD oxygen
               comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad and bottle salinity
               questionable.

108            Sample log: "Leak after venting, reseated okay."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI: "Good agreement with
               Stations 1036 and 1038."


STATION 1038

Cast 1         Sample log: "Bottles fired starting at 16 (deepest)-36, 1-2,
               37, 4-15 (shallowest) for freon blank test."

115            Sample log: Leaks from valve, did it trip partially in air?,
               seemed low on water."  Oxygen as well as other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

114            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to nearby
               ctd; only small drop seen upcast."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

113            O2 vs. SiO3 is acceptable.  PI agrees.

109            Sample log: "Slight end cap leak - reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  Bottle salinity is high
               compared with CTD.  Bottle salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is acceptable.

108-105        Oxygen low, nutrients high. Let PI decide.  Salinity max
               higher in the water column than adjoining stations.  PI:
               "Okay, there's an eddy here."

131-116        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

122            Sample log: "End cap leaker - reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 131-116 CTD
               oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1039

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

126            Oxygen may be high.  No analytical notes, draw temperature
               is reasonable.  Let PI decide.  PI: "CTD indicates a small
               low salt feature.  Nutrients are acceptable. Footnote oxygen
               questionable."

121            Oxygen may be high.  No analytical notes, draw temperature
               is reasonable.  Let PI decide.  PI: "CTD indicates a
               slightly low salinity feature.  Nutrients are acceptable.
               Footnote oxygen questionable."

111            CTDO Processor: "raw ctdoxy noisy/spiking up to +/-17%;
               looks okay after despike, but coded questionable because
               continuous large section."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

101            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy drifting higher, max. +0.05 ml/l at
               bottom."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1040

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and oxygen agree with adjoining stations.  PI:
               "Okay, oxygen low."

128            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and oxygen agree with adjoining stations.  PI:
               "Okay, oxygen low."

125            Sample log: "Stop cock flows with vent closed."  Bottle
               salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity agrees with
               adjoining stations. Oxygen also appears acceptable.  PI
               agrees.

111            Oxygen ~0.05 high, no analytical notes.  Salinity is
               acceptable.  Footnote oxygen bad.  PI: "Nutrients okay,
               maybe little low compared to Station 1039 and 1041, but okay
               for 1040."  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 coded 4, but looked
               okay in test-fit of upcast CTD vs bottles."  Leave O2 coded
               as is per PI's evaluation.  See 104-111 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable and bottle oxygen bad.

111-104        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to bottles;
               ctdoxy fit would improve greatly if bottle O2 shifted one
               level deeper (if samples mis-drawn), but theta-oxy overlays
               and upcast test-fit indicate the bottle O2 are fine."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

105            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  This may be
               within the tolerance of the autosal, but will code as
               questionable. Does not agree with Station 1039 either.  See
               104-111 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable and bottle salinity questionable.

104            Bottle salinity is slightly low compared with CTD.  This is
               within the tolerance of the autosal.  Leave salinity as
               acceptable.  See 104-111 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD
               oxygen questionable and bottle salinity acceptable.

102            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  This may be
               within the tolerance of the autosal, but will code as
               questionable. Does not agree with Station 1039 either.


STATION 1041

132            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Bottle salinity
               agrees with adjoining stations.  Oxygen as well as other
               data are also acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

126            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting, reseated."  Oxygen
               as well as other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

109            Sample log: "Bottom leak after venting, reseated."  Oxygen
               as well as other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

106-104        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.04 ml/l compared to
               bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

104            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  No analytical
               problems noted.  Footnote salinity questionable.  Salinity
               is usable, just not as precise as the other salinity data.
               PI: "Salinity is the same as Station 1041, but doesn't fit
               profile, oxygen less than Station 1041."  See 106-104 CTD
               oxygen comment.  Footnote CTD oxygen and bottle salinity
               questionable.

101            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.  Salinity is usable, just not as
               precise as the other salinity data.  PI agrees.


STATION 1042

125            Sample log: "Bottom leak - reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other samples are acceptable.  Bottle salinity is low
               compared with CTD.  Salinity agrees with adjoining stations.
               Spike in CTD uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  PI:
               "Salinity slightly low, fits profile okay."

111            Salinity low compared with adjoining stations, no analytical
               notes. Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.
               Footnote salinity questionable, just not as precise as other
               salinity data.  PI: "Agrees with Station 1040 and CTD.
               Oxygen is a little lower than adjoining stations, fits
               Station 1042. Looks a little low on station profile.
               Salinity is acceptable."


STATION 1043

122            Oxygen: "Overtitrated, recovery was not possible."  Footnote
               oxygen bad.  PI: "Salinity agrees with CTD."

120            Sample log: "Valve flows when not vented."  Oxygen is
               acceptable.  Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.
               However, salinity agrees with adjoining stations. Gradient
               area.  CTD Processor: "CTD salinity is acceptable."

120-119        Sample log: "Check O2 on 19-20, 19 was inadvertently
               resampled, but noticed on next bottle."  Oxygen is
               acceptable.  PI: "Salinity okay too."

110            Console Ops Log: "Tripped on the fly."

108-107        SiO3 is ~2-4 high. There is also a feature, but not this
               strong in the other nutrients. Let PI decide.  PI: "Feature
               in PO4, not NO3, salinity is acceptable, oxygen less than or
               equal to adjoining station, NO3 is acceptable. Footnote SiO3
               bad."  Nutrient Analyst: "Peaks look okay, oxygen is a
               little odd too."

104            Delta-S at 2020db is 0.0025, salinity is 34.722.  Bottle
               salinity is high compared with CTD.  Just outside of specs
               of the measurement. No analytical problems noted.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.  PI: "Salinity higher than adjoining
               station, oxygen is acceptable."

102            PO4 ~0.4 low.  Analyst rechecked value and adjusted
               accordingly.  PO4 is acceptable.  PI agrees PO4 is
               acceptable.


STATION 1044

134            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Bottle data
               agrees with adjoining stations.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

133            Sample log: "Flask switched with 34, this note is only for
               data checking procedure, correct numbers were recorded on
               Sample log and correct bottle assignment will be done."
               Oxygen is acceptable.  PI agrees.

127            Sample log: "Bottom cap open, lanyard caught in hose clamp
               of 26."  No water samples.


STATION 1045

136            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared to
               bottle, nearby CTD casts; much smaller drop on upcast."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

130            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

125            Nutrients: "No sample drawn."  Samples were scheduled to be
               collected.

112            Sample log: "Bottom is leaking."  Oxygen and other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

111            Oxygen slightly high. First bottle that freon was drawn on.
               Let PI decide on code.  PI: "Potemp vs. O2 is okay, oxygen
               is acceptable."

110            Oxygen slightly high. First bottle that freon was drawn on.
               Let PI decide on code.  PI: "Potemp vs. O2 is okay, oxygen
               is acceptable."

109            Sample log: "Lanyard caught in cap."  Bottle salinity is
               high compared with CTD.  Nutrients are low, oxygen is
               slightly low, but bottle definitely leaked. Footnote bottle
               leaking and samples bad.  PI agrees.

106            Oxygen 0.01 low, within specs of measurement.  Other data
               are acceptable.  No analytical problems noted.  PI agrees.


STATION 1046

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity and
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

132            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Oxygen appears to
               be low, but agrees with CTD.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               bottle salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI:
               "Spike in CTD uptrace."  Footnote CTD salinity bad, bottle
               salinity follows feature shown in CTD trace.  No CTDOXY is
               calculated because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

126            Sample log: "Leaks bottom-reseated."  Oxygen and other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.

108            PO4 ~0.02 high, within the specs of the measurement.
               Rechecked raw data and peak is slightly higher.  Data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 -0.03 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               (later) casts."


STATION 1047

133            Sample log: "Bottom leaking."  Oxygen as well as other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.

132            Sample log: "Bottom leaking."  Bottle salinity is high
               compared with CTD.  Oxygen as well as other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

130            Oxygen: "Overtitrated."  Oxygen appears to be okay.  PI
               agrees.

129            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  Salinity Analyses: "3
               attempts for a good reading."  PI agrees.

127            Sample log: "Vent left open."  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

109            Sample log: "Slight leak, no reseat."  Oxygen as well as
               other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 109-106 CTD
               oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable, other
               samples acceptable.

109-106        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.03 ml/l compared to bottles;
               similar problem sta 1048/1049."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

106-101        NO3 appears slightly low comparing adjoining stations vs.
               pressure, however agrees with adjoining stations when
               plotted vs. potemp.  PI agrees.

104            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

103            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinometer took
               5 tries to get a reading, and water eventually used up.
               Footnote salinity bad.  Suspect salt crystal contaminated
               analysis.  PI agrees.  Oxygen: "Overtitrated." Looks OK.


STATION 1048

136            Sample log: "Leak at bottom."  Oxygen as well as other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noisy
               and max. -0.30 ml/l compared to bottles; slow transit
               through surface area, no drop/stable mixed layer top 15db of
               upcast before ctdoxy peaks."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

136-101        CTD Processor: "0.001 PSU shift between downcast and upcast.

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity and
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

131            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity and other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.  No CTDOXY is calculated because
               the CTD salinity is coded bad.

127            Sample log: "Vent at top not closed."  Oxygen and other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample log: "Leak at bottom."  Oxygen and other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

118-116        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l compared to
               bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

109-105        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.04 ml/l compared to bottles;
               similar problem stas 1047/1049."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

102-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy +0.02-07 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts; signal drops ~5290db at bottom
               slowdown, then drifts upward until bottom; not on upcast."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1049

Cast 1         Sample Log: "No comments."

136            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noisy and max. -0.30 ml/l compared
               to bottles; slow transit through surface area, small rise
               top 25db of upcast before ctdoxy peaks."  Footnote CTD
               oxygen questionable.

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity agrees
               with adjoining stations and features seen in other
               properties.  PI: "Large change in up and down, agree with
               coding."  CTD salinity is acceptable.

134            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity agrees with adjoining stations.  PI agrees.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity lower than adjoining stations, but agrees with
               station profile features seen in other properties.  PI
               agrees.

129            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               low compared to adjoining stations, but agrees with station
               profile features seen in other properties.  PI agrees.

106            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.03 ml/l compared to bottles;
               similar problem stas 1047/1048."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

104-101        Salinity ~0.001 higher than 1048 and 1050, but within specs
               of the measurement.  Salinity agrees with Station 1051.  Let
               PI decide if a real feature.

104-104        PI: "Yes, this is okay."


STATION 1050

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

135            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.30 ml/l compared to bottle;
               slow transit through surface area; small ctdoxy drop on
               upcast near here probably due to bottle stop."  Footnote CTD
               oxygen questionable.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  No CTDOXY is calculated
               because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

130            Nutrients low, oxygen and salinity high compared with
               adjoining stations and station profile. However salinity and
               oxygen agree with CTD profile. Data are acceptable.  PI
               agrees.

109            NO3 ~0.1 low, within specs of measurement.  Other data are
               also acceptable.  PI: "Footnote nitrate questionable."

104            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinometer took
               3 tries to get a good reading. This is still within specs of
               measurement, just not as precise as other salinity data.
               Footnote salinity questionable, but still usable.  Oxygen
               and other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1051

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data are acceptable.  CTDO Processor:
               "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to bottle; slow transit
               through surface area; no ctdoxy drop on upcast."  Footnote
               CTD oxygen questionable.

131            Delta-S at 192db is 0.0967, salinity is 35.330.  Salinity
               and other data are acceptable.  CTD salinity is acceptable.
               Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.

130            Nutrients a little high compared to adjoining stations.
               Salinity compares with adjoining stations and oxygen a
               little lower.  Let PI decide.  PI: "Bottle within
               interleaving feature, data are acceptable."

121            Console Ops Log: "Tripped on the fly."

119            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  No analytical
               problems noted.  Suspect drawing problem.  Footnote salinity
               bad.

109            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated mostly."  Salinity is
               high, other data are acceptable.  PI: "Oxygen slightly low
               compared with Station 1050, data are acceptable."

104            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  PO4 ~0.02 high, SiO3
               ~1.0 high, these are within the specs of the measurement.
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable and do not
               indicate the leak effected the samples.  PI: "If anything,
               oxygen may be slightly high compared with Station 1052. Data
               are acceptable."

102-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +0.03 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1052

136            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.10 ml/l compared to bottles;
               no ctdoxy drop on upcast."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

133            Sample Log: "Leaking at bottom, reseated by O2 sampler."
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.
               Gradient area, salinity as well as other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.

132            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

122            Sample Log: "Leak at bottom vent."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

112            Sample Log: "Leaking at vent, it filled okay."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.


STATION 1053

Cast 1         Sample Log: No comments.

135            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI: "Difference between up
               and down CTD trace less than 300db, agree with coding."  CTD
               Processor: "CTD salinity is acceptable."

132            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI: "Difference between up and
               down CTD trace less than 300db, agree with coding."  No
               CTDOXY is calculated because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

131            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI:
               "Difference between up and down CTD trace less than 300db,
               agree with coding."

130            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI:
               "Difference between up and down CTD trace less than 300db,
               agree with coding."

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

101            Salinity ~0.002 high compared with Station 1054, within
               specs of measurement.  Let PI decide on code.  PI: "Salinity
               is acceptable."  Salinity Analyses: 3 attempts for a good
               reading.


STATION 1054

136            Sample log: "Fired in air."  Not sure what was meant by note
               from Sample Log, however, samples appear to be okay.

132            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Sharp changes in
               CTD uptrace in gradient area.  Salinity and other data agree
               with adjoining stations.  PI: "Agrees with uptrace, okay."

130            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data agree with adjoining stations.  PI
               agrees.

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data agree with adjoining stations.  PI
               agrees.

127            Console Ops Log: "No-confirm from pylon at first trip
               attempt, re-initialized, second trip confirm okay."


STATION 1055

135            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles;
               no ctdoxy drops on upcast here."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

130            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

126            Oxygen low, SiO3 high, NO3 high.  Oxygen also low compared
               with CTDO. Salinity agrees with adjoining stations and CTD.
               Let PI decide.  PI: "Salinity a little high compared with
               Station 1053, but CTD Station 1053 quite different than
               Station 1055. Real feature as properties are salinity
               consistent. Data are acceptable.

120            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinometer took
               3 tries to get a good reading.  Footnote salinity bad.
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

105            Sample log: "Slight bottom drip."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

102            Salinity is 0.001 high compared with adjoining stations,
               within accuracy of measurement.  PI agrees.


STATION 1056

136            Sample log: "Slow leak bottom, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  See 136-135 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

136-135        CTDO Processor: "raw ctdoxy signal 2.5-39% high top 4db,
               then drops low; looks okay after despike - similar to up,
               but coded questionable because large despike near surface."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

132            Oxygen appears low on Potemp/O2 plot, however, agrees with
               CTDO.  PI: "No bottles nearby at Station 1057, 1055, but
               okay."  Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

130            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area.
               Salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area.
               Salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample log: "Bottom cap leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

112            SiO3 ~1.0 low on station profile, within specs of
               measurement, Station 1055 also lower.  PI agrees.


STATION 1057

135            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  A lot of
               structure in CTD uptrace, bottle salinity and other data
               agree with adjoining stations.  PI agrees.

134            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

126            Sample Log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

125            Sample Log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

121            Oxygen ~0.2 high, SiO3 ~2.0 high.  Other data are
               acceptable.  Footnote oxygen bad.  PI agrees.

119            Oxygen ~0.2 high, other data are acceptable.  Footnote
               oxygen bad.  PI agrees.

113            Oxygen: "Bad end point."  Oxygen slightly high, but is
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.06
               ml/l compared to CTD/nearby casts.  Both 101, 113 were
               checked/flagged okay; don't appear okay to CTD processor -
               CTD is within 0.02 ml/l of nearby casts at these pressures;
               5 other bottle O2s already deleted this cast."  Since there
               are additional evidence, CTD comparison, that there was a
               problem, footnote oxygen bad.

112            Oxygen high, no analytical or sampling problems noted.  PI
               agrees.  Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  No
               analytical notes.  Salinity is usable, just not as precise
               as other salinity data.  Footnote salinity questionable and
               oxygen bad.

110            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  No analytical
               notes.  PI agrees.  Salinity is also high compared with
               Station 1056 and 1058.  Footnote salinity questionable.

108            Oxygen ~0.03 high. No analytical or sampling problems noted.
               Other data are acceptable.  Footnote oxygen bad.  PI agrees.

102            Salinity 0.002 higher than Station 1056, but agrees with CTD
               and Station 1055 or a little high but acceptable.  Oxygen
               ~0.2 high, NO3 ~0.3 low. SiO3 is also high.  No analytical
               or sampling problems noted.  Let PI decide.  PI: "Oxygen
               looks okay on potemp vs. oxygen, compared to Stations 1056
               and 1058. Footnote oxygen questionable."

101            Oxygen ~0.2 high, NO3 ~0.3 low. Other data are also
               acceptable.  SiO3 is also high. Shipboard comparison:
               "Oxygen agrees with CTDO."  PI agrees.  CTDO Processor:
               "Bottle O2 +0.10 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby casts."
               Footnote oxygen questionable even though PI said it was
               acceptable.  CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l
               compared to nearby casts; no ctdoxy drop on upcast or nearby
               casts."  Footnote CTD oxygen and bottle oxygen questionable.


STATION 1058

133            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

131            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Changing area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

125            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

122            Nutrients: "No sample."  Sample log says sample was taken,
               must not have been.  Footnote nutrients not drawn.

116            NO3 appears ~0.1 low, within specs of measurement.  PI
               agrees.

106            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.04 ml/l compared to
               bottles/previous cast."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1059

134            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Changing area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

132            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as
               other data are acceptable for shallow data.  PI agrees.  No
               CTDOXY is calculated because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable for shallow data.  PI agrees.

130            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable for shallow data.  PI: "Spike
               in CTD data, footnote CTD salinity bad."  No CTDOXY is
               calculated because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable for shallow data.  PI agrees.

127            Sample log: "Vent not closed."  Oxygen as well as other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.

119            Sample log: "Slight leak, no reseat."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

117            Sample log: "Bottom leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

108-101        SiO3 low ~1.0, PO4 low ~0.02, and NO3 is acceptable.
               Nutrient analyst rechecked and adjusted accordingly.  SiO3
               and PO4 are acceptable.  PI: "Very similar to potemp vs.
               SiO3 and PO4 at Station 1058."

106            Sample log: "Slight bottom leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

101            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.04 ml/l compared to
               bottles/previous cast; no ctdoxy drop on upcast."  Footnote
               CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1060

129            Sample log: "Vent not closed."  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.

127            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Changing area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

125            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data agree with adjoining stations shallow waters.
               PI agrees.  CTD salinity is acceptable.

124            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Changing area,
               difficult to tell if salinity okay.  No analytical problems
               noted.  Oxygen and nutrients are acceptable for shallow
               water.  PI agrees.


STATION 1061

Cast 1         CTDO Processor: "numerous anomalous bottle O2s - explained
               as "boundary current" seen by LADCP. However, nothing
               anomalous appears in CTD (T/C/S/O2).  3 out of 7 anomalous
               bottle O2s on 1061 are shallower than 2500m.  5 out of 9
               anomalous bottle O2s on 1062 are shallower than 2500m.
               There are no anomalous bottles on 1063, which also has
               strong vertical shear, albeit deeper. The deep, anomalous
               bottle O2s on all 3 are in a very stable area in all CTD
               parameters, with down/up agreeing well. These bottle O2s
               appear to be something more than the shear/boundary current
               seen in the LADCP data."  CTD Processor rechecked after the
               expedition with LADCP PI.  Comments from LADCP PI: "sta 1061
               turns a corner into bad section for next few casts: "lies
               directly along a high pressure ridge/front and the South
               Equatorial Current" and "There is an eddy pair that the line
               cuts between... The eddies extend quite deep".  "the LADCP
               shows strong vertical shear from 2500 m to the bottom on
               both [1061 and 1062]. Shear on station 1063 begins at about
               3500 m."  STS/ODF found other evidence that the bottle
               oxygens may be bad.  Therefore, ODF will footnote the bottle
               oxygens, 03, 05, 07-11, 16-18 and 21 questionable even
               though the shipboard DQE disagreed.  See 111-107 comments.

132            Sample log: "O2 redrawn, found bubbles after pickling."
               Oxygen agrees with CTD and adjoining stations.  Other data
               are also acceptable.  PI agrees.

129            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as will
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD Processor:
               "CTD salinity is acceptable."

121            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.15 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

119            Oxygen: "Lost sample, analyst went to check bottom depth."

118            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.15 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

117            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.20 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

116            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.07 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

111            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.22 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

111-107        Oxygen high, not really sure what happened. Station 1062
               also has a few problem points (high).  Footnote oxygen bad.
               Could be that pickling caused a problem, not likely, because
               samplers are very careful.  PI: "Real feature in oxygen,
               LADCP shows boundary current.  PI: "SiO3 lower than Stations
               1060, 1062-1066.  Oxygen vs. potemp at bottle 8 less than
               Station 1062, bottle 7 less than Station 1057. Oxygen
               bottles 7-11 in boundary current per LADCP similar to
               Station 1062 (but deeper part of current not present at this
               Station).  SiO3 bottles 8-11 less than Station 1060,
               1062-1066, therefore, high oxygen and silicate and LADCP
               consistent, real feature. Data are acceptable."  STS/ODF
               does not agree with PI assessment of the oxygen data.  After
               further shorebased data review and CTD oxygen processing,
               have determined that there may have been a problem with the
               oxygen rig on this station and 1062. Footnote oxygen as
               questionable rather than bad because of comments made by
               Principal Investigators.

110            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.10 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

109            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.09 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

108            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

107            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.15 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

106            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 appears to be okay compared to
               CTD/nearby casts."

105            Sample log: "Apparently tripped at same depth as bottle 4.
               Console operator error."  Bottle salinity is slightly low
               compared with CTD.  Sample agreement very good, except O2,
               this sample is acceptable bottle 4 is ~0.06 high.  PI
               agrees.  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  CTDO
               Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.09 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

104            Oxygen high ~0.06 with station profile and duplicate level
               bottle 5. Footnote oxygen bad.  PI: "PO4, NO3 okay, salinity
               okay, agree with oxygen code."

103            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.03 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See Cast 1 and 111-107 oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle O2 questionable.

101            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noisy and max. +/-0.03 ml/l compared
               to bottle/next few casts; noisy signal near/at bottom."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1062

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."  See Station 1061 for oxygen
               comments.  STS/ODF found other evidence that the bottle
               oxygens may be bad.  Therefore, ODF will footnote the bottle
               oxygens, 01-04, 07, 10, 14-15, and 17 questionable even
               though the shipboard DQE deemed oxygen acceptable.

117            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.12 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

115            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.09 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

114            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.05 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

110            O2 higher than Station 1060 lower than 1061, but we are
               questioning the validity of 1061.  Footnote oxygen bad.
               Other data are acceptable.  PI: "Boundary current, oxygen is
               acceptable."  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.10 ml/l compared
               to CTD/nearby casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061
               oxygen comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

107            Oxygen high, during the next station, during sampling the O2
               sampler found the flask and stoppers switched with bottle 8.
               But on this station the oxygen for bottle 8 is okay.  No
               sampling or analytical notes.  Footnote oxygen bad.  Other
               data are acceptable.  PI: "Similar to Station 1061, change
               code to acceptable."  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.14 ml/l
               compared to CTD/nearby casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and
               Station 1061 oxygen comments.  Footnote bottle O2

               questionable.

104            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.12 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

104-101        O2 ~0.07 high. No analytical problems noted.  Footnote
               oxygen bad.  Other data are acceptable.  PI: "LADCP shows
               boundary current, SiO3 is also low.  Data are acceptable."
               Even though PI determined during shipboard DQE of data that
               oxygen was acceptable, STS/ODF will code the samples as
               questionable.  See Cast 1 oxygen comments.

103            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.10 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

102            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.08 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.06 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts."  See 104-101, Cast 1 and Station 1061 oxygen
               comments.  Footnote bottle O2 questionable.


STATION 1063

136            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.15 ml/l compared to nearby
               bottles/casts; no ctdoxy drop on upcast."  Footnote CTD
               oxygen questionable.

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  No CTDOXY is calculated
               because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

132            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

131            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Changing area
               lot of feature in CTD trace.  Salinity as well as other data
               are acceptable.  PI: "Large gradient, data are acceptable."

130            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

112            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

111-108        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.05 ml/l compared to
               bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

105-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

104-101        PO4 ~0.01 low, well within the specs of the measurement.
               Nutrient analyst rechecked the data and found no problems.
               PO4 as well as other data are acceptable.  PI: "Okay, looks
               like agreement with Stations 1065 and 1066."  See 105-101
               CTD oxygen comment.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1064

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

135            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity and
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

133            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity and other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity and
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD Processor: "CTD
               salinity is acceptable."

110-101        SiO3 appeared ~1.5 high, nutrients analyst reviewed the data
               and all appears okay. Within specs of the measurement, data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.

106-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

101            PO4 0.01uM high, well within specs just does not fit as well
               as the rest of the data.  PO4 as well as other data are
               acceptable.  Analyst: "Value is real, no correction made."
               PI agrees.  See 105-101 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD
               oxygen bad.


STATION 1065

108            Sample log: "O2 stopper switch with bottle 7, flask 1360 had
               stopper 1156."  Oxygen slightly low compared with Station
               1064, okay compared with Station 1066.  Footnote oxygen
               questionable.  PI: "Okay with adjoining stations. Oxygen is
               acceptable."

107            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Sample log: "O2
               stopper switched with bottle 8, flask 1156 had stopper
               1360."  Oxygen appears to be acceptable. Other data also
               okay.  The combination of stopper and flask volume must be
               close to proper combination volume.  PI agrees.

106            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.03
               ml/l compared to bottle."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

105-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1066

Cast 1         Sample log: "Bottles fired starting at 12 (deepest)-36, 1-11
               (shallowest) for freon blank test."

111            Sample log: "Lanyard caught in cap."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  Evidently, the seal was still
               good on the bottle.  PI agrees.

132            Sample log: "Water flows at stop cock, while vent closed."
               Oxygen as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

130-112        SiO3 ~1.0 low, nutrient analyst reviewed data and changed
               accordingly. Data are acceptable.  NO3 ~0.02 high within
               specs, nutrient analyst reviewed data and changed
               accordingly. Data are acceptable.  PI: "SiO3 vs. potemp
               range of Stations 1065, 1067 and 1069.  Data are
               acceptable."

127-123        Upcast sloping CTD cond offset. CTD trips are uncalibrated.
               Footnote CTD salinity questionable.  No CTDOXY is calculated
               because the CTD salinity is coded questionable.

126            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  See 123-127 CTD
               salinity comment, bottle salinity and other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  Footnote CTD salinity questionable,
               CTD oxygen not reported.

125            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  See 123-127 CTD
               salinity comment, bottle salinity and other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  Footnote CTD salinity questionable,
               CTD oxygen not reported.

124            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  See 123-127 CTD
               salinity comment, bottle salinity and other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  Footnote CTD salinity questionable,
               CTD oxygen not reported.

123            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  See 123-127 CTD
               salinity comment, bottle salinity and other data are
               acceptable> PI agrees.  Footnote CTD salinity questionable,
               CTD oxygen not reported.

119            PI: "Potemp vs. NO3 less than Station 1065, 1067 and 1068.
               Data are acceptable."

118            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +0.04
               ml/l compared to bottle."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

117-112        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; ctdoxy
               will not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1067

#CTDO          CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; raw
               ctdoxy spiking from one-fourth to 3x normal values, still up
               to +0.15 ml/l compared to bottles after despiking.."

136            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD Processor:
               "CTD salinity is acceptable."  CTD salinity is okay after
               data finalization.

133            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD Processor:
               "CTD salinity is acceptable."  CTD salinity is okay after
               data finalization.

132            PI: "Delta-S is -0.0027, spike in CTD uptrace.  Footnote CTD
               salinity bad."  PI agrees.  CTD Processor: "CTD salinity is
               acceptable."  CTD salinity is okay after data finalization.

131            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  No CTDOXY is
               calculated because the CTD salinity is coded bad.

125-124        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; raw
               ctdoxy drops to one-fourth of normal values, then slowly
               drifts upward."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

123            Salinity: "bottles 23 and 22 are out of order, but data DOES
               reflect proper bottle number."  Salinity as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 123-119 CTD oxygen
               comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

123-119        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. -0.07
               ml/l, no despiking required."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

118-113        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; signal
               crazy through this section, raw ctdoxy half to more than 20x
               typical values; settles down/steady drift upward from about
               2400db; despiked only to get final values in-range for
               reports."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

111            Sample log: "Did not confirm, fired 12 at the same depth."
               No water samples.  See 111-107 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote bottle samples not drawn, CTD oxygen questionable.

111-107        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.06
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

106-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; ctdoxy
               will not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

103-101        Salinity 0.001 high compared with Stations 1066 and 1068,
               well within accuracy of the measurement. Data agrees with
               CTD.  PI agrees.  See 106-101 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote
               CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1068

127-125        PO4 and NO3 appear lower than adjoining stations.  Suspect
               the feature is real.  Salinity low and oxygen higher than
               adjoining stations.  PI: "NO3 and PO4 at Station 1067 there
               is also a low feature, ~8-10C potemp relative to Station
               1069 and relative to the rest of the profile. Oxygen is a
               high feature while salinity low. Data are acceptable."

125            Sample log: "Still leaking."  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy
               sensor malfunctioning, noisy; raw ctdoxy spiking from 50%
               low up to 75% above normal; looks okay after despike, but
               coded questionable because large despike/long section."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

123-120        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; signal
               crazy through this section, raw ctdoxy half to more than
               2.5x typical values."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

119-114        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, -0.80 to
               +0.30 ml/l compared to bottles, signal drifting around
               through this section; normal base-noise level kicks in
               ~1700db, although signal still high."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               bad.

113            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +0.06
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

111-109        SiO3 low compared with adjoining stations, oxygen also lower
               on bottle 11 and 10.  PI: "SiO3 and O2 okay when plotted vs.
               Potemp. Data are acceptable."

104            CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +0.04
               ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

103-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; ctdoxy
               will not fit to deep bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.


STATION 1069

136            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

134            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Salinity as well
               as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  CTD salinity is
               acceptable.

132            Sample log: "Leaker, reseated."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 132-129 CTD oxygen
               comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

132-129        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.25 ml/l compared to
               bottles/nearby casts."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

128            Salinity low compared to adjoining stations, agrees with CTD
               though. Oxygen is low.  Sil is low. Analyst: "Peak looks
               real, N:P odd also."  Data are acceptable.  PI agrees,
               feature is real.

126-125        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noisy and raw ctdoxy +/-70% compared
               to typical values, max. +0.10 ml/l compared to bottles after
               despike."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

122-116        Sample log: "Did not get enough NaOH (bottle running out,
               tipped bottle for remaining samples."  Oxygen are
               acceptable, except 20 lost.  PI agrees.

120            Oxygen: "Sample lost, must have hit return before sample
               finished."

115-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy noise level up to +/-0.07 ml/l, max.
               +/-0.05 ml/l compared to bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

111            Suspect a salinity drawing error, 10 came from 09 and 11
               from 10, and 11 was not drawn.  Correct data using the above
               scenario and all is acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 115-101 CTD
               oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable, salinity
               not drawn.

110            Delta-S at 3542db is -0.0027, salinity is 34.715.  After
               correcting the data for the drawing error, see 111 salinity
               comment, Delta-S is 0.001.  Oxygen as well as other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 115-101 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1070

136            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 136-135
               CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

136-135        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, noisy; -0.15
               to -0.25 ml/l compared to bottles/nearby casts; raw ctdoxy
               high/stuck at value 4512 for top 14db."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               bad.

134            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Bottle
               salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area.  PI
               agrees.  CTD Processor: "CTD salinity is acceptable."  See
               134-128 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

134-128        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +/-0.20 ml/l compared to
               bottles; sensor possibly still recovering from surface
               problems."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

131            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, okay when reseated."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 134-128
               CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

112-105        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +/-0.07 ml/l compared to
               bottles, especially below 3938db."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.


STATION 1071

Cast 1         Deep salinities higher than Stations 1070, 1069 and 1072,
               PO4 and NO3 also a little higher. Oxygen and silicate agree
               with adjoining stations. Salinity agrees with CTD.  All data
               acceptable.  PI: "PO4 vs. Potemp only 13 is high compared to
               Stations 1070, 1072-1073, and 1067-1069.  NO3 vs. Potemp
               only bottles 08-13 are high compared to Stations 1070,
               1072-1073, and 1067-1069.  Bottles 01-07 agree to 0.001 in
               salinity with Station 1073.  Data are acceptable."

136-131        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to shallow bottles; raw ctdoxy high/stuck at value
               4512 for top 64db."  Footnote 131-132, 134-136 CTD oxygen
               bad.  No CTDOXY for 133 is calculated because the CTD
               salinity is coded bad.

134            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  See 136-131
               CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

133            Sample log: "Leak at bottom, reseated."  Bottle salinity is
               low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD uptrace, footnote CTD
               salinity bad.  Oxygen agrees with CTDO, other data also
               acceptable.  No CTDOXY is calculated because the CTD
               salinity is coded bad.

130-127        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.10
               ml/l compared to bottles/nearby casts; sensor still
               recovering from surface problems."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

112-110        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. -0.07 ml/l compared to
               bottles."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1072

136-133        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to shallow bottles; raw ctdoxy rises +34% in 1 sec.
               at 129-130db."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

135            Bottle salinity is high compared with CTD.  Gradient area,
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.
               See 136-133 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

133            Sample log: "Spigot was pushed in prior to sampling, wasn't
               leaking though."  Oxygen as well as other data are
               acceptable.  PI agrees.  See 136-133 CTD oxygen comments.
               Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

132-130        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.35
               ml/l compared to bottles; sensor still recovering from
               drifting problem."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

114-111        SiO3 higher than adjoining stations.  Analyst: "Peaks look
               good.  These point overlay well with subsequent stations."
               PI agrees.

106-105        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +0.15
               ml/l compared to bottles; not on upcast, suspect sensor
               still having problems."  Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.


STATION 1073

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."  PI: "Data are acceptable."

136-128        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to shallow bottles; raw ctdoxy rises +20% in 2 secs.
               at 136-138db and +8% in 1 sec. at 208-209db."  Footnote CTD
               oxygen bad.

127-126        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, +0.25 ml/l
               compared to one bottle/okay compared to other bottles;
               bottles okay vs upcast, ctdoxy rises not seen in upcast;
               suspect sensor still recovering from drifting problem."
               Footnote CTD oxygen questionable.

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.04 ml/l compared to nearby
               casts/+0.02 ml/l compared to CTD; suspect ctdoxy drifting
               high last 100m of cast AND bottle O2 is off."  Bottle oxygen
               is acceptable.  CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy max. +/-0.02 ml/l
               compared to bottle/nearby casts; ctdoxy appears to drift
               high, although did not use bottom bottle for fit (+0.04 ml/l
               compared to nearby casts)."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.


STATION 1074

Cast 1         Sample log: "No comments."

136-131        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to shallow bottles; raw ctdoxy high/stuck at value
               4512 for top 72db."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad.

130-124        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. +/-0.10
               ml/l compared to bottles (except 810db bottle - suspect
               high/questionable)/nearby casts; suspect sensor still
               recovering from drifting problem."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

129            O2 appears low on station profile, however, Station 1075
               also appears to have lower O2 at this potemp. Lower NO3 and
               PO4 also confirm this feature.  PI agrees.

125            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.15 ml/l compared to CTD/nearby
               casts (including theta-o2)."  Oxygen is acceptable, see
               125-120 comment.

125-120        O2 and SiO3 high, other nutrients verify this as a real
               feature.  PI agrees.

118            PI: "Oxygen high compared to Stations 1071, 1073, 1075 vs.
               potemp. Footnote oxygen bad."

111            O2 appears high, but SiO3 and other nutrients are low
               salinity agrees with CTD.  PI: "PO4, SiO3 agrees with
               Stations 1075 and 1073 vs.  potemp. Footnote oxygen bad."

109            PI: "Oxygen higher than Stations 1072, 1073,1075 vs.
               potemp. Footnote oxygen bad."

108            O2 ~0.1 high, no analytical or sampling notes indicating a
               problem. SiO3 and other nutrients do not show this feature.
               Footnote O2 bad.  PI agrees.

105            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 +0.02-3 ml/l compared to
               CTD/nearby casts."

104            Console log: "Bottle was inadvertently tripped with bottle
               3.  Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  No analytical
               notes indicating a problem.  Oxygen is high, NO3 and SiO3
               are slightly low.  Suspect bottle contamination or leakage.
               PI agrees.  Bottle must have been tripped as the rosette was
               moving.  Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.

103            Duplicate level with bottle 4, operator error, tripped 2
               bottles.


STATION 1075

Cast 1         Sample log: "Bottles fired starting at 13 (deepest)-36, 1-12
               (shallowest) for freon blank test."

112-101        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, ctdoxy will
               not fit to shallow bottles; raw ctdoxy rises +12% in 5 secs.
               at 214-219db."  Footnote CTD oxygen bad for 101-108,
               110-112.  No CTDOXY for 109 is calculated because the CTD
               salinity is coded bad.

111            Sample log: "Bottom lanyard came free."  Nutrients high,
               oxygen low, salinity Bottle salinity is high compared with
               CTD.  PI agrees.  See 112-101 CTD oxygen comments.  Footnote
               bottle leaking, CTD oxygen bad, water samples bad.

109            Bottle salinity is low compared with CTD.  Spike in CTD
               uptrace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity and other data
               are acceptable.  PI agrees.  No CTDOXY is calculated because
               the CTD salinity is coded bad.

136-135        CTDO Processor: "ctdoxy sensor malfunctioning, max. -0.15
               ml/l compared to bottles/nearby casts; suspect sensor still
               recovering from drifting problem."  Footnote CTD oxygen
               questionable.

134            Sample log: "Slight leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

131            Sample log: "Slow leak, reseated."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.  PI agrees.

125            Nutrients: "No sample in tube." Nutrients were not drawn,
               sampling error.
 



List of Figures (available in the PDF version)

A2-1.  Cruise track. Dots are CTD/O2/nutrient/tracer/LADCP stations.
       Diamonds identify ALACE float deployment locations.  The solid line is 
       the location of XBT/XCTD section IX1.
A2-2.  Rosette bottle trips along the I10 section.
A2-3.  Underway ADCP velocity near the surface.
A2-4.  Zonal velocity from LADCP profiles along the entire section.
A4-1.  Vertical section of potential temperature for the entire section South is 
       on the left side of the figure.
A4-2.  Potential temperature in the top 1000m.
A4-3.  Salinity in the top 1000m.
A4-4.  Density (sigma theta) in the top 1000m.
A4-5.  CFC-11 in the top 1000m.
A4-6.  CFC-12 in the top 1000m.
A4-7.  Dissolved oxygen in the top 1000m.
A4-8.  Nitrate in the top 1000m.
A4-9.  Phosphate in the top 1000m.
A4-10. Silicate in the top 1000m.
A4-11. Potential temperature - salinity curves for I10 section.



WHPO DATA PROCESSING HISTORY

Date      Contact     Data Type      Data Status Summary           
  Notes:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1/8/1990  Unk.        Cruise ID      Cruise Plan 
  Agreement with Indonesia is required before the data are released. 

10/15/90  Unk.        DOC            Update
  PROJECT:         JADE Cruise
  Location:        Indian Ocean
  Dates:           30 July - 9 September, 1989
  Chief Scientist: Michele Fieux 
  Funding:         in cooperation with Indonesia
  Sampling:  Total 67 CTD stations between Colombo-Colombo, Sri Lanka
                   19 stations AUSTRALIA-BALI with Neil Brown CTD
                    5 of which with 36 sampling levels
                   10 of which with 24 sampling levels 
                   20 stations between Bali and South Timor Strait
                    2 current meter moorings for one year
                    3 sections across the JAVA and Sumatra current 
                    8 stations on the equator on way back to Colombo
  Parameters:   freons, nutrients, tritium, helium, C14, CO2
  Primary WOCE dataset for each cruise: (none listed)

8/15/97   Uribe       DOC            Submitted
          
2/2/98    Sprintall   CTD/S/O/NUT    Not Public    
          
7/29/98   Johnson     CTD            Next on ODF agenda    
           
8/25/98   Willey      CFCs           Data Update  FINAL  
          
12/23/98  Muus        SUM            Update needed; see note:
  i10_su.txt - sumchk error "missing cast number" on all 9 "FLT" CAST 
                  TYPEs.
               Probably should be cast "2"s since all done after ROS 
                  cast #1.
               Left unchanged.
  - COMMENTS include "# btls" & "dab= " leftover from ODF stacst. 
    Already included in ABOVE BOTTOM & NO. OF BOTTLES. File would be
    easier to read with shortened COMMENTS section without losing 
    any information.  Left unchanged.
  EXPOCODES not yet changed.

4/16/99   Jenkins     He/Tr          Projected Submission Date:  
  1999.12.15  (not processed)
          
4/30/99   Bartolacci  BTL/SUM        Data Update; See note:  
  I have replaced the .sum and the .hyd file for I10 316N145_13 with the 
    most current reformatted files (most current was done by Sarilee on 
    1998.02.06)  The following notes accompanied the reformatted files:

  i10su.txt - changed first line from:
                WOCE I10 KN-145.12 R/V Knorr 11 Nov 95 - 28 Nov 95  to:
                R/V KNORR CR. 145, LEG 13  WHP-ID I10
            - added time stamp
            - changed EXPOCODE from 316N145/13 to 316N145_13
            - records 59, 75, 91, 107, 123, 139, 152, 177, and 196
                did not have a cast number.  Since the EVENT CODE 
                was FLT for float deployment, put a 1 in column for
                cast number.
            - deleted last two records, they were blank

  i10hy.txt - changed EXPOCODE from 316N145/13 to 316N145_13 
          
9/29/99   Falkner     BA             Data Update; See note:  
  The quality of the Ba data from most WOCE legs in the Indian Ocean 
    turned out to be quite  poor; far worse than attainable analytical precision 
    (+/-20% as opposed to 2%). We recorded many vials which came back with loose 
    caps and evaporation associated with that seems to be the primary problem.  
  The only hope I have of producing a decent data set is to run both Ba and a 
    conservative element simultaneously and then relating that to the original 
    salinity of the sample.  We will be taking delivery on a high resolution 
    ICPMS here at OSU sometime this winter which would make the project 
    analytically feasible and economical.  I do not presently have the funds in 
    hand to do this and so have archived the samples for the time being. I don't 
    think the WHPO would derive any benefit from the present data set.
       --  KKF
          
10/28/99  Willey      CFCs           Data are Public; See note:  
  This is a follow-up to last month's message requesting that all of 
    our Pacific and Indian Ocean CFCs be made accessible to the public.  Our 
    cruises are; (Pacific) P17C, P1716S, P06E, P19C, P17N, P21E, and (Indian)
    I09N, I05W/I04, I07N, I10. 
          
3/22/00   Sprintall   CTD/S/O/NUTs   Data are Public    
          
3/28/00   Diggs       CFCs           Website Updated; data are public  
          
5/16/00   Kozyr       ALKALI/TCARBN  Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO    
          
10/17/00  Jenkins     TRITUM         Submitted/Preliminary  
  *Files for Tritium Data: 
        WOCE Indian Ocean = WITrit.dat   Contains all legs
        WOCE Pacific P10 = WP10Trit.dat
        WOCE Pacific P13 = WP13Trit.dat
        WOCE Pacific P14c = WP14cTrit.dat
        WOCE Pacific P18 = WP18Trit.dat
        WOCE Pacific P19 = WP19Trit.dat
        WOCE Pacific P21 = WP21Trit.dat
        SAVE South Atlnt = SAVETrit.dat
  *Column Layout as follows:  Station, Cast, Bottle, Pressure, Tritium, 
     ErrTritium
  *Units as follows:  Tritium and ErrTritium in T.U.
  *All data are unfortunately still preliminary until we have completed 
     the laboratory intercomparision and intercalibration that is still 
     underway.

10/17/00  Jenkins     HELIUM/DELHE3  Submitted/Preliminary 
  HELIUM, DELHE3, NEON  *Files for Helium and Neon Data: 
        WOCE Indian Ocean = WIHe.dat   Contains all legs
        WOCE Pacific P10 = WP10He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P18 = WP18He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P19 = WP19He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P21 = WP21He.dat
  *Column Layout as follows:
   Station, Cast, Bottle, Pressure, Delta3He, ErrDelta3He, ConcHelium, 
   ErrConcHelium, ConcNeon, ErrConcNeon
  *Units as follows:
   Delta3He and ErrDelta3He in %
   ConcHelium, ErrConcHelium, ConcNeon, and ErrConcNeon in nmol/kg
  *Null values (for ConcNeon and ErrConcNeon only ) = -9.000
  *All data are unfortunately still preliminary until we have completed 
     the  laboratory intercomparision and intercalibration that is still 
     underway.

11/8/00   Anderson    HELIUM/NEON    Reformatted by WHPO; See Note:  
  I have put the Jenkins helium and neon in WOCE format. There were no 
    quality codes so I set the HELIUM, DELHE3, and NEON to 2.
          
11/13/00  Anderson    TRITUM         Reformatted by WHPO; See Note:  
  I have put the Jenkins tritium data into WOCE format.  There were no 
    quality codes so I set the TRITUM to 2. 
          
2/7/01    Mantyla     NUTs/S/O       DQE 
  I would be glad to look over the Indian Ocean data for you. Sarilee 
    has started plotting up I01 for me to start on. - Arnold
          
2/26/01   Jenkins     He/Tr/Ne       Data are Public; See Note:  
  It was brought to my attention that the WOCE Pacific/Indian He-Tr 
    data was not as yet made public. After submitting it to you last year, I had 
    intended on going through it one more time to ensure there were no problems 
    with it.  Unfortunately, I have not had the time to do this. Is it possible, 
    therefore, to release it as public data, and if there are any subsequent 
    minor revisions, to make changes? I suspect there might be a few samples in 
    the set that might have got through our initial quality control.
          
5/3/01    Sprintall   CTD/BTL        Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO  Data are Public  
  As you may know we received the final data set April 19th from ODF. 
    At that time I let Steve Diggs know that I was happy to make them publicly 
    available to the WHPO. 
          
6/19/01   Swift       CTDTMP         Update Needed; See Note:  
  An oceanographically-insignificant error in CTDTMP data for this cruise has 
    been found (ca. -0.00024*T - 0.00036 degC).  A data update is forthcoming. 
    In the interim the corrected data files can be obtained from:

                 ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData/woce/crs
          
6/21/01   Uribe       CTD/BTL        Website Updated -- CSV File Added  
  CTD and bottle exchange files were put online.  These are NOT the updated 
    CTD data mentioned by J Swift on 6/19/01.
          
          

