A.    CRUISE NARRATIVE: P13C

A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS
                         WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation                  P13C
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)         49HH915_1-2
Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation  Keisuke Taira/ORI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Dates                                     1991.AUG.13 - 1991.OCT.02
Ship                                      R/V Hakuho Maru
Ports of call                             Brisbane, Australia
Number of stations                        73
                                                    30°N
Geographic boundaries of the stations     155°E             166°E
                                                    10°S
Floats and drifters deployed              Six SOFAR floats deployed
Moorings deployed or recovered            Three acoustic receiver moorings   
                                             deployed for SOFAR; 
                                          Five current meter moorings deployed;
                                          One current meter mooring recovered
Contributing Authors                      none cited


A.2.  CRUISE SUMMARY

A.2.a STATIONS OCCUPIED 

CTDO2 casts with 24-place 12-liter rosette water sample were carried out at 68 
stations along 165@E. Eight stations among them were occupied on 164-E and 166*E 
in order to calculate meridional geostrophic flows and zonal gradients of 
property concentrations. The other sixty stations were on 165 E, forming a part 
of the WHP P13. The interval of CTD stations was basically 60 n.miles, but it 
was shortened to 30 n.miles over the seamounts around 12 N and l9 N and near the 
equator between 5 S and 4 N

We shifted the CTD stations at 7 N and 10 N from 165 E to 164 30 E and the 
stations at 8 N and 9 N to 164 E, in order to avoid the training area of US 
navy.

A.2.b FLOATS AND DRIFTERS DEPLOYED

Six SOFAR floats were deployed at three locations in the Kuroshio Extension area 
just east of Japan.

A.2.c MOORINGS DEPLOYED OR RECOVERED

Three moorings of acoustic receiver for SOFAR were deployed in the Kuroshio 
Extension area just . Japan. 	 Five moorings of current meters were deployed on 
165~E. Each mooring has four or-five current meters between the sea bottom and 
the depth of 800 m from the sea surface. One mooring of current meters at 27*N, 
168-E was recovered.

 
A.3   LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

Name         Measurement responsibility   Affiliation
------------------------------------------------------------------
K. Taira     CTDO2, Salinity, Oxygen      ORI, University of Tokyo
               Mooring, SOFAR float
S. Watanabe  Nutrients, CFCs, Tritium     Hokkaido University
               Other chemical properties

 
A.4   SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME AND METHODS

 
A.5   MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED

During the cruise we were troubled with the General Oceanics rosette tripping 
mechanism which resulted in mis-firing and double-tripping of the water sampling 
bottles. This problem was traced to slippage between the stepping motor and the 
tripping mechanism, and a washer was added over the stepping motor to resist a 
excessive tripping. We got better action of the tripping mechanism for each of 
several trials of repair, but we could not complete. Closing depths of four 
Niskin bottles are known from data of reversing pressure meters mounted on the 
bottles, but the depths for the other twenty bottles must be inferred from 
comparing salinity and dissolved oxygen data between CTD and water-sample 
analysis. 

Large noises of CTDO2 signal during a lowering cast were generated after several 
casts were successful. We eventually traced this problem to unstable motion of 
the end portion of CTD wire connecting to the slip ring. We temporarily repaired 
everytime, but couldn't completely in the sea.

Fierce noise of O2 sensor signal was generated at depths around 500 db for all 
casts. In addition, step- like small shift of O2 signal occurred sometimes at 
deeper depths. Calibration of the O2-sensor data looks very difficult.


  
A.6   OTHER INCIDENTS OF NOTE

A.7   LIST OF CRUISE PARTICIPANTS

NAME              RESPONSIBILITY               AFFILIATION
------------------------------------------------------------
Keisuke Taira     Chief Scientist              ORI
                    /CTD Hardware/SOFAR Float
Hirotaka Otobe    CTD Hardware/Salinity        ORI
ShoJi Kitagawa    CTD Software/Current Meter   ORI
                    /SOFAR Float
Masaki Kawabe     Assistant to Chief Scien-    ORI
                    tist/CTD Processing
Katsuto Uehara    Watch Stander/ADCP           ORI
Shuichi Watanabe  Oxygen/Nutrients/CFCs        Hokkaido Univ.
                    /Tritium
Hiroshi Ichikawa  Watch Stander                Kagashima Univ.
  (Leg 1)
Toru Yamashiro    Watch Stander                Kagashima Univ.

Seventeen graduate students joined this cruise for CTD watch and
chemical analysis.

 
B.    UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS

B.1   NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY

B.2   ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER (ADCP)

B.3   THERMOSALINOGRAPH AND UNDERWAY DISSOLVED OXYGEN, ETC

B.4   XBT AND XCTD

B.5   METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

B.6   ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY


C.    HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS

C.1.  CTD MEASUREMENTS

DATA COLLECTION
	
The FSX analog signals sent from the underwater unit of CTD Neil Brown Mark III 
were received with the onboard unit, and were converted to digital signals with 
RS232 AD converter. Data collection was made with the Hakuto Inc. CTD operating 
software Ver. 4.2, using an NEC personal computer PC9801-RX with a 20 MByte hard 
disk and a 8 MByte RAM disk. Rate of data sampling was limited to 9 - 10 data 
per second due to the ability of the RS232 converter used here. The data were 
real time stored into the RAM disk, and were kept in a floppy disk after the end 
of each cast. 

Full digital signals (32 data per second) coming through the EG&G 1401 onboard 
unit were collected using an IBM-compatible personal computer DAEW00, made in 
Korea, with a 40 MByte hard disk. The data stored in the hard disk were 
compressed with a software for data freezing, and were taken into a floppy disk. 

In addition, the FSK analog signals were recorded in a SONY digital audio tape 
as backup data.

CALIBRATIONS AND PROCESSING 	 The CTD temperature sensor used during the cruise 
is manufactured by Rosemount who claim a resolution of 0.0005 C and an accuracy 
of +/-0.005 C. The sensor was calibrated at the ORI calibration facility before 
the cruise. The result shows that the sensor value must be added 0.0253 at the 
value of 0 C and 0.0083 at 23 C. The correction decreases almost linearly, and 
is ex- pressed with a quadratic equation of sensor value (T):

Delta T = 0.121937 x 10E-4 x T2 - 0.803083 x 10E-3 x T + 0.0251885 (T < 9.1 C),

Delta T = 0.179550 x 10E-4 x T2 - 0.127571 x 10E-2 x T + 0.0290126 (T > 9.1 C).

	The CTD pressure sensor used during the cruise is manufactured by Paine 
Instruments and have a resolution of 0.1 dbar and an accuracy of +/- 6.5 dbar. 
The sensor calibrations before the cruise were done for five cases with maximum 
weighted pressure of 1000 dbar, 2000 dbar, 3000 dbar, 4000 dbar and 6000 dbar. 
Sixth-order polynomial fits were used for the correction:

for increasing pressure:

Delta P = -0.116484 x 10E-20 x P6 + 0.287633 x 10E-16 x P5
          -O.289204 x 10E-12 x P4 + O.154059 x 10E-8  x P3
          -0.455414 x 10E-5  x p2 + 0.699556 x 10E-2  x P - 2.69719


for decreasing pressure from 2000 dbar:

Delta P =  O. 849785 x lOE-19 x P6 - O.104276 x 10E-14 x P5
         + 0.395952  x 10E-11 x P4 - 0.567799 x 10E-8  x P3
         + 0.223005  x 10E-5  x p2 + 0.266200 x 10E-2  x P - 2.60042

for decreasing pressure from 3000 dbar:

Delta P = -O.311947 x lOE-19 x P6 + O.283531 x 10E-15 x P5
          -O.106755 x lOE-ll x P4 + O.249443 x 10E-8  x P3
          -0.385196 x 10E-5  x p2 + 0.399053 x 10E-2  x P - 2.65158

for decreasing pressure from 4000 dbar:

Delta P = -O.207116 x lOE-19 x P6 + O.269568 x 10E-15 x P5
          -O.137340 x lOE-ll x P4 + O.363514 x 10E-8  x P3
          -0.540009 x 10-5   x p2 + 0.467332 x 10E-2  x P - 2.75144


for decreasing pressure from 6000 dbar:

Delta P = -O.14996 x 10E-21 x P6 + O.394729 x 10E-17 x P5
          -0.542308 x 10E-13 x P4 + 0.434294 x 10E-9 x P3
          -0.171657 x 10E-5 x p2 + 0.328313 x 10E-2 x P - 2.49635


The corrections for pressure decrease from arbitrary pressure were approximated 
by interpolations of the adequate results from the experiments.

The conductivity sensor is manufactured by EG&G NBIS who claim a resolution of 
0.001 mmho and an accuracy of +0.005 mmho. Cell factor, i.e., the ratio of 
conductivity from the sample to that from CTD, was calculated for each water 
sampling. The cell factor during Leg 1 is 0.99999 at the sea surface, increases 
to 1.00050 at 1000 dbar, and is almost constant at deeper than 2000 dbar with 
1.00062 to 1.00067. The depth dependance is expressed by fifth-order polynomial 
of pressure:

FOR LEG 1,

CF = 0.5635438 x 10E-21 x P5 - 0.1199696 x 10E-16 x P4
   + 0.1009199 x 10E-12 x P3 - 0.4129447 x 10E-9  x p2
   + 0.8211021 x 10E-6 x P   + 0.9999859

FOR LEG 2,

CF = 0.2578094 x 10E-2 x P5  - 0.4151610 x 10E-16 x P4
   + 0.2540135 x 10E-12 x P3 - 0.7420515 x 10E-9 x p2
   + 0.1079275 x 10E-5 x P   + 0.9998160.

Another kind of correction for conductivity was tried with the use of 
conductivity relation between CTD and water sample, using linear, quadratic or 
cubic equations of CTD-conductivity for sample-conductivity. However, RMS error 
of this method was larger than that of the P- polynomial fit of cell factor. 	 
The oxygen sensor is manufactured by Sensormedics. The calibration will be tried 
with shipboard oxygen measure- ments on the 24 water samples collected at each 
station, although it is difficult due to noises described else- where in this 
report.

C.2. SALINITY MEASUREMENT

The water sample salinities were measured with a Guild- line Portasal Model 8410 
salinometer that was standard- ized daily with IAPSO Standard Sea Water Batch P-
112 and P-114. All of the salinitY measurements during this cruise were made 
within a temperature controlled (+ 1 C) laboratory maintained a little below 
that of the salinometer water bath.

The CTD is Neil Brown Mark III instrument equipped with a dissolved oxygen 
sensor. The temperature and pressure sensors were calibrated at the Ocean 
Research Institute, University of Tokyo before the cruise. The conductivity 
sensor was preliminary calibrated at sea using data from the analysis of the 
salinity samples collected at each station. Water samples were collected from 
twelve-liter Niskin bottles mounted on a General Oceanics Rosette Sampler. All 
of the water sample conductivity measure- ments and oxygen titrations were made 
with Portable Salinometer and an automated titration instrument soon after each 
cast was completed. Samples for the analysis of nutrients were collected at all 
CTD stations. Samples for CFCs, tritium, total carbon, alkality, PH, C-13 and 
CH4 were collected with a 1-degree interval along 165-E. Samples for C-14 were 
also collected, but we cannot measure them in Japan and don't have any plan to 
do it.

The salinity minimum indicating the North Pacific Intermediate Water exists in a 
lower part of the main thermocline. The depth is about 740 db at 33-N and 
shallows southward. The minimum structure can be traced to around 180 db at 10 
N. These are typical characteristics in the North Pacific. 	 A curious structure 
is found north of 33 N; low salinity less than 34.0 forms two cores around 35 N 
and north of 39 N, and the isohalines go up and down largely, together with the 
isotherms. This suggests that the current of the Kuroshio Extension meanders 
with a shape like 'S' or that a cold low-saline eddy is detached.

Seeing south of 30 N, the main thermocline shallows in the southward direction, 
while the seasonal thermocline deepens with a gradual dispersion of the 
isotherms. The main and seasonal thermoclines are incorporated around FUN. The 
thermocline shallows southward and is shallowest at 8 N, corresponding to the 
North Equatorial Current. The isotherms at farther south show the structures 
corresponding to the North Equatorial Countercurrent and the Equatorial 
Undercurrent.


D.  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

E.  REFERENCES

Unesco, 1983. International Oceanographic tables. Unesco Technical Papers in
    Marine Science, No. 44.

Unesco, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data. Unesco memorgraph
    By JPOTS editorial panel.

F.  WHPO SUMMARY

Several data files are associated with this report. They are the 49HH915_1.sum 
and 49HH915_2.sum, 49HH915_1.hyd and 49HH915_2.hyd, 49HH915_1.csl and 
49HH915_2.csl and *.wct files. The *.sum file contains a summary of the 
location, time, type of parameters sampled, and other pertinent information 
regarding each hydrographic station. The *.hyd file contains the bottle data. 
The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station. The *.wct files are zipped 
into one file called *wct.zip. The *.csl file is a listing of ctd and calculated 
values at standard levels.

The following is a description of how the standard levels and calculated values 
were derived for the *.csl file:

Salinity, Temperature and Pressure: These three values were smoothed from the 
individual CTD files over the N uniformly increasing pressure levels. using the 
following binomial filter-

             t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1

When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not contained 
within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated to the desired level 
after applying the binomial filtering.  

Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4: KG/M3): 
These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale (PSS-78) and the 
international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80) as described in the Unesco 
publication 44 at reference pressures of the surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for 
Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4.

Gradient Potential Temperature (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least 
squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the 
interval. The interval being the smallest of the two differences between the 
standard level and the two closest values. The slope is first determined using 
CTD temperature and then the adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the 
gradient potential temperature. Equations and Fortran routines are described in 
Unesco publication 44.

Gradient Salinity (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares slope 
between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the standard level 
and the two closes values. Equations and Fortran routines are described in 
Unesco publication 44.

Potential Vorticity (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical component 
ignoring contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e. pv=fN2/g, where f is the 
coriolius parameter, N is the buoyancy frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), 
and g is the local acceleration of gravity. 

Buoyancy Frequency (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic leveling method, 
Fofonoff (1985) and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff (1990). Equations and Fortran 
routines are described in Unesco publication 44.

Potential Energy (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are calculated 
by integrating from 0 to the level of interest. Equations and Fortran routines 
are described in Unesco publication 44.

Neutral Density (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N (Jackett 
and McDougall) version 1.3 Nov. 94. 

G.   DATA QUALITY EVALUATION

G.1  EVALUATION OF CTD DATA 
     (Michio AOYAMA)
     1996.MAY.21

GENERAL:

The data quality of WOCE P13C CTD data (EXPOCODE: 49HH915/1 and /2) and the CTD 
salinity and oxygen found in dot sea file are examined. . The individual 1 dbar 
profiles were observed in temperature, salinity and oxygen by comparing the 
profiles obtained in the same basin. The 71 profiles of P13C CTD data were 
divided into three groups as follows:

                  Latitude             Corresponding basin name
                  --------------------------------------------
                  North of 20° N       Northwest Pacific Basin
                  from 12° N to 19° N  East Mariana Basin
                  from 12° N to 5° S   Melanesian Basin

The CTD salinity and oxygen calibrations are examined using the water sample 
data file p13c.mka. Since DQE could not get the information on 'OXYGEN' and 
'OXYGN2', DQE used values at 'OXYGEN'. DQE used the water sample data flagged 
"2" only for the DQE work. DQE put serial number from 001 to 071 for the 
stations for the convenience of data treatments by DQE. Then in some of the 
figures presented by DQE, the station numbers are shown in serial number by DQE.

                          Original station #  Serial #
                          ----------------------------
                          CJT1                001
                          CJT2                002
                          C01 - C18           003 - 20
                          C17S                021
                          C18S                022
                          C19 - C32           023 - 036
                          C33B                037
                          C34 - C68           038 - 071

DETAILS

CTD PROFILES 

The temperature profiles at 41 of 71 stations look noisy and/or have spikes. DQE 
observed that some spikes up to 0.01 deg. exist and an flagged "good" by the 
data originator. DQE shows one example in which the clear temperature spikes/ 
noises are observed. DQE asks the data originator to despike or flagged out the 
questionable/bad data.

The salinity profiles at 18 of 71 stations look noisy. DQE observed that many 
spikes up to 0.005 - 0.007 PSS exist and an flagged "good" by the data 
originator. DQE shows two examples in which the salinity bounced fresher and 
saltier. DQE asks the data originator to despike or flag out the questionable/ 
bad data.

As noted in the cruise report, the CTD oxygen profiles look noisy at 52 of 71 
stations. 

EVALUATION OF CTD CALIBRATIONS TO WATER SAMPLES

SALINITY CALIBRATION;

The onboard calibration for salinity looks good in general. DQE, however, 
observed a large station dependency for the distribution of Ds, Ds = CTD 
salinity in .SEA file minus bottle salinity. The Ds has a large station 
dependency. The data originator calibrated the CTD conductivity in simply two 
station groupings, leg 1 and leg 2 only. However, DQE strongly suggests further 
correction for CTD salinity using several station groupings to improve the CTD 
salinity of P13C cruise. Further corrected CTD salinity may meet the WOCE WHP 
one-time survey standards for CTD measurements; at present they do not.

OXYGEN CALIBRATION;

Although the flg. of CTD oxygen in .CTD files are "3 - questionable 
measurement", DQE observed that the CTD oxygen in .CTD files are not calibrated 
and has an offset to bottle oxygen. However, the CTD oxygen in .SEA file is 
flagged "2 -good" and the histogram of Doxu, the oxygen difference between CTD 
oxygen and bottle oxygen in P13C.MKA file, shows that CTD oxygen in P13C.SEA 
file is calibrated. The histogram of Dox, the oxygen difference between CTD 
oxygen in .CTD files and bottle oxygen in P13C.SEA file shows that CTD oxygen in 
.CTD files is not calibrated. 

DQE found a description that "The calibration will be tried with shipboard 
oxygen measurements on the 24 water samples collected at each station, although 
it is difficult due to the noises described elsewhere in this report." in the 
P13C cruise report. However, it is not clear whether the data originator 
calibrated the CTD oxygen data or not. DQE asks the data originator to revise 
the cruise report and describe how the data originator treat the CTD oxygen data 
in both CTD files and .SEA file.

When the CTD oxygen is not calibrated, the flags for CTD oxygen should be "1 - 
not calibrated", not "3 - questionable". It is hoped that the CTD oxygen in the 
CTD files would be properly calibrated for the WHP.

DQE observed both station dependency of Dox (fig. 5) and pressure dependency of 
Dox. Please pay attention to these behavior when the data originator calibrate 
the CTD oxygen. 
The following are some specific problems that should be looked at:

TEMPERATURE PROFILE
 
st. CJT1 from ca. 3900 dbar to ca. 4300 dbar: Many temperature spikes/noises 
    are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. CJT2 from ca. 3300 dbar to ca. 3500 dbar, at ca. 5150 dbar, at ca. 5800 
    dbar: Many temperature spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C03 from ca. 2500 dbar to ca. 3000 dbar: Temperature profile looks noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C04 from ca. 2500 dbar to ca. 3500 dbar: Temperature profile looks noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C15 at ca. 4800 dbar: Temperature spike/noise observed..
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C17S from ca. 4800dbarto ca. 5100 dbar: Temperature profile looks noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C21 from ca. 4200 dbar to ca. 5300 dbar: Many temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C22 from ca. 2500 dbar to ca. 3300 dbar, from 4300 dbar to 5500 dbar, 
    at ca. 5800 dbar and near bottom: Many temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C23 at ca. 3000 dbar, at ca. 3800 dbar, at ca. 4200 dbar, at ca. 4700 dbar, 
    at ca. 5000 dbar and at ca. 5200 dbar: Many large temperature spikes/noises 
    are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C24 in whole profile: Temperature profile look noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C25 at ca. 3000 dbar, at ca. 4300 dbar and at ca. 4700 dbar: Temperature 
    spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C26 from ca. 2900 dbar to ca. 3100 dbar, from ca. 4000 dbar to ca. 4200 
    dbar and from ca. 470 dbar to bottom: Many temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C27 from ca. 3700 dbar to bottom: Many temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C29 in whole profile: Temperature profile look noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C24 through st. C42 in whole profiles: Temperature profile look noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C46 at ca. 3400 dbar and near bottom: Temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C51 from ca. 2500 dbar to 3300 dbar: Temperature profile look noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C52 from ca. 3300 dbar to bottom: Temperature spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C62 at ca. 3200 dbar and at ca. 5050 dbar: Temperature spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C62 at ca. 3050 dbar, at ca. 4200 dbar and at ca. 4500 dbar: Temperature 
    spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C67 in whole profile: Temperature profile looks noisy.
       Suggest flg. "3".
st. C68 at ca. 4800 dba: Temperature spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.


SALINITY PROFILE

st. CJT1 from ca. 2800 dbar to bottom: Many salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. CJT2 from ca. 3300 dbar to bottom: Many salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C03 at ca. 1800 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C09 at ca. 1500 dbar and ca. 3950 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C12 at ca. 4150 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C14 at ca. 2700 dbar and ca. 3050 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C15 at ca. 4700 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C17S at ca. 1300 dbar, from ca. 2050 to ca. 3000 dbar, at ca. 3600: 
    Salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C21 from ca. 4200 dbar to 5300 dbar: Small salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C22 from ca. 1500 dbar to ca. 2200, from ca. 2700 to 3500 dbar, from 4100 
    dbar to 5500 dbar and at ca. 5800 dbar: Salinity profile looks very noisy. 
    Many salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C23 at ca. 2950 dbar, at ca. 3800 dbar, at ca. 4200 dbar, at ca. 4700 dbar, 
    at ca. 5000 dbar and at ca. 5200 dbar: Salinity profile looks very noisy. 
    Many salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike
st. C24 from ca. 2500 dbar to ca. 5500 dbar: Salinity profile looks very noisy. 
    Many salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C26 from ca. 2200 dbar to bottom: Salinity profile looks very noisy. Many 
    salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C27 from ca. 3800 dbar to bottom: Salinity profile looks very noisy. Many 
    salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C28 at ca. 2200 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C29 at ca. 2200 dbar, ca. 3700 dbar and near bottom: Salinity spikes/noises 
    are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C34 for whole profile: Salinity profile looks very noisy. Many salinity 
    spikes/noises are observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.
st. C44 at ca. 3200 dbar and ca. 3600 dbar: Salinity spikes/noises are 
    observed.
       Suggest flg. "3" or to despike.



G.2  DQ EVALUATION OF WOCE P13C HYDROGRAPHIC (SALINITY AND OXYGEN) DATA 
     (Michio AOYAMA)
     1996.MAY.21

The data quality of the hydrographic data of the WOCE P13C cruise (EXPOCODE: 
49HH915/1 and /2) are examined. Since the nutrients data are not submitted yet 
at the time of DQE, DQE was done only salinity and oxygen. The data files for 
this DQE work was P13C.sum and P13C.mka ( this P13C.mka file is created for DQE, 
then it has a new column of quality 2 word) provided by WHPO.

General;

The station spacing was 60 nautical miles at the 3/4 of the cruise track and the 
sampling layer spacing was kept ca. 500 dbar in the deeper layers during this 
P13 cruise. Although P13C data does not meet the WOCE WHP cruise requirements on 
station spacing and the vertical sampling interval, P13C data will be an 
important part of the dataset of "WOCE one time line P13". 

DQE used the data flagged "2" by data originator for this DQE work.

DQE examined 2 profiles and 3 property vs. property plots as listed below; 
salinity and oxygen profiles

theta vs. salinity plot
theta vs. oxygen plot
salinity vs. oxygen plot


Salinity:

Bottle salinity profile looks good. Salinity vs. oxygen and theta vs. salinity 
plots also look reasonable. DQE thinks that most of the flags of the bottle 
salinity data are reliable.

Oxygen:

Bottle oxygen profile looks good. Salinity vs. oxygen and theta vs. oxygen plots 
also look reasonable. DQE thinks that the flags of the bottle oxygen data are 
reliable.

The following are some specific problems that should be looked at: 

INPUT FILE: P13C.MKA
THE DATE TODAY IS: 22-MAY-96

STNNBR  CASTNO  SAMPNO  CTDPRS  SALNTY  OXYGEN  QUALT1  QUALT2
--------------------------------------------------------------
CJT1       1       1    6032.6  34.6942           2~       3~
CJT1       1       2    5504.8  34.6931           2~       3~
CJT1       1       3    5004.3  34.6899           2~       3~
C02        1       1    5407.1  34.6927           2~       3~
C08        1       3    5004.1  34.6872           2~       3~
C17        1       2    5001.1           174.7    ~2       ~3
C17        1       3    4500.4           173.6    ~2       ~3
C17S       1       7    3002.8           136.7    ~2       ~3
C26        1       2    5003.4           179.4    ~2       ~3
C26        1       2    5003.4           180.9    ~2       ~3
C46        1       2    4003.7  34.6820           2~       3~
C47        1       1    4757.3  34.7013           2~       3~
C51        1       5    3502.5  34.6824           2~       3~
C67        1       5    4004.0           171.3    ~2      ~3


STNNBR XX/ CASTNO X/ SAMPNO XX at XXXX dbar:
 
st. CJT1/1/3  at 5004 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low.   Suggest flg. "3". 
st. CJT1/1/2  at 5505 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high.  Suggest flg. "3".
st. CJT1/1/1  at 6033 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high.  Suggest flg. "3".
st. C02/l/l   at 5407 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low.   Suggest flg. "3".
st. C08/1/3   at 5004 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low.   Suggest flg. "3".
st. C17/1/3   at 4500 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high.    Suggest flg. "3". 
st. C17/1/2   at 5001 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high.    Suggest flg. "3". 
st. C17S/1/7  at 3003 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks low.     Suggest flg. "3". 
st. C26/1/2   at 5003 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high.    Suggest flg. "3". 
st. C46/1/2   at 4004 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low.   Suggest flg. "3".
st. C47/l/l   at 4757 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high.  Suggest flg. "3".
st. C51/1/5   at 3503 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high.  Suggest flg. "3".
st. C67/1/5   at 4004 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high.    Suggest flg. "3".



DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Date      Contact     Data Type      Data Status Summary
12/22/92  Yamada      CTD/BTL        Submitted for DQE; various problems:
          It is my pleasure to inform you that Japan Oceanographic Data Center 
          is sending you one reel of magnetic tape containing calibrated CTD 
          data obtained at WHP P13 cruise (KH-91-5 Cruise), which was made from 
          August to October in 1991. This tape was submitted by Dr. M. Kawabe of 
          Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo. The water sample data 
          submitted this time are limited to salinity and dissolved oxygen, and 
          do not include chemical data. Chemical analysis needs some more time 
          (PI: Dr. Watanabe, Hokkaido Univ.).

          The bottle quality flag 4 (=Did not trip correctly) was not activated, 
          since the tripping mechanism was not good and the flag 4 would have 
          shown up too often. It is commented that bottle-closing depth was 
          fairly well corrected.

          The oxygen sensor data at 1db interval were not flagged except for the 
          flags 6 (interpolated value) and 9 (not sampled), since the continuous 
          oxygen data may not have high quality.

          There are two datasets of 1db interval data at Stn. C33 (C33A.CTD and 
          C33.CTD), reflecting two cast of CTD at the same station. The second 
          cast was conducted, as water sampling was not made during the first 
          one because of mechanical malfunction. Although the second cast was 
          reported as Stn. C33 in the cruise report, Stn. C33A.CTD, the 1-db 
          interval data from the first cast, was also included. Dr. Kawabe 
          commented that as for the CTD data, the first cast had better quality.

          If you find any question, please do not hesitate to ask us at: 
          [JODC.TOKYO/JODC] ATI/JAPAN

          This address is accessible from OMNET.

01/26/93  Dunworth    CTD/BTL  Questions regarding submitted data:
          Thank you very much for your recently submitted P13C hydrographic and 
          CTD data. In looking over the data, however, I do have a few 
          questions.

          Hydrographic Data:
            Station CJT2 and CJT1: BTLNR 24 has no variables sampled or 
                    measured, may I remove those records.
            Station CJT2: BTLNBR 1 and 2 both have SAMPNO 3, and a CTDPRS of 
                    9999.9. The bottle salts and oxygens are different. Could 
                    you please explain what happened
            Station C02: BTLNBR 1 and 2 both have SAMPNO I and the same CTDPRS 
                    value. However, they have different salinities and 
                    oxygens. How did this happen.
          CTD Data:
            CTDCND is listed in every station, since it can be calculated from 
                    the other variables, it is superflous, may I eliminate it?
            You indicated that the CTDOXY may be questionable. I have to have a 
                    quality flag, and will put a 131 in, unless you have 
                    objections.

01/31/93  Kawabe      CTD  answers to Dunworth's CTD questions
          In answer to your questions on the P13C data in the Jan. 26 telemail 
          to JODC.

          Hydrographic data:
          (1) The no. 24 bottle did not close at Stas. CJT1 and CJT2, because 
              the tripping mechanism to close the bottles did not work normally, 
              and the trigger signals, which were made 24 times from the vessel, 
              closed only 23 bottles. (SAMPNO shows the trigger number.) We set 
              24 bottles in the water sampler, and reported for all the bottles. 
              Please decide it along the WHP policy of data-file editing whether 
              you remove the records of BTLNBR 24.
          (2) BTLNBR 1 and 2 at Sta. CJT2 were closed simultaneously by the 
              third trigger signal (SAMPNO 3). However, we could not obtain the 
              pressure data of CTD at the time of the third trigger due to 
              noise. Therefore, CTDPRS, CTDSAL and CTDOXY are missing. SALNTY 
              and OXYGEN are slightly different between the bottles 1 and 2 
              because of the difference of sampled water.
          (3) As at Sta. CJT2, the bottles 1 and 2 at Sta. C02 were closed 
              simultaneously by the first trigger signal, i.e., at the same 
              depth (CTDPRS). We took water samples for salinity and oxygen from 
              each bottle, and the measured values for the water samples are 
              different.
          The definition of SAMPNO in our dataset may be different from the 
          definition in the WHP. If so, would you tell me the correct 
          definition?

          CTD data:
          (1) Please eliminate CTDCND, if it is along the file-editing
              policy in the WHP.
          (2) Please put the flag 3 to CTDOXY. The data of CTDOXY have various 
              data quality, corresponding to the flags 2, 3 and 4. The mean 
              value of the flag numbers is 3. The flag 3 is not bad as a flag of 
              CTDOXY.
          Thank you very much for checking our datasets. 
          Regards, Masaki Kawabe (Ocean Research Institute, U. of Tokyo)

03/26/93  Aoyama      CTD/BTL        DQE begun; No NUTs
          
05/21/96  Aoyama      CTD/S/O        DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO; No NUTs
          
06/12/96  Taira       CTD/S/O        DQE Report sent to PI; No NUTs
          
08/15/97  Uribe       DOC            Submitted
          2000.12.11 KJU
              File contained here is a CRUISE SUMMARY and NOT sumfile. 
              Documentation is online.
          2000.10.11 KJU
              Files were found in incoming directory under whp_reports. This 
              directory was zipped, files were separated and placed under proper 
              cruise. All of them are sum files.
              Received 1997 August 15th.
          
04/21/00  Anderson    CTD            Data in 2 diff files is identical
          In going over the lines of one-time ctd & btl data submitted
          for DQE (Jerry sent me a list on 2 March) I note that for the 
          ctd data for P13C, files p13cact.asc and p13cbct.asc are identical.
          It appears that the data for leg 2 - p13cb - is in both ctd files.
          
05/08/00  Taira       DELC14         Not Measured
          Samples for C-14 were also collected, but we cannot measure them in 
          Japan and don't have any plan to do it.
          
05/11/00  Kawabe      CTD/BTL        Data are Public
          I and my colleagues in the Ocean Research Institute (U. of Tokyo) made 
          WHP cruises twice: WHP P13C (1991) and P13J (1993).  I already opened 
          (at least, I believed I opened) the calibrated CTDO2 data and sample 
          data (not including nutrients and chemical data) in P13C and P13J 
          several years ago, by submitting the data to the WHPO and the Japan 
          Oceanographic Data Center (JODC).  I don't remember that the WHPO 
          asked me whether "not public" or "public".  This question may have 
          sent to Dr. Taira who was the chief scientist of the cruises.

          Anyway, I hope to open our data in the WOCE community with non-
          encrypted usual style.
          
08/15/00  Diggs       CTD/BTL        Website Updated; data decrypted
          All data decrypted for both legs 1 and 2 (by permission). All 
          associated tables and files updated as well.
          
08/24/00  Diggs       CTD            Website Updated w/ new datafile 
          Replaced CTD file with correct one for leg 1. Apparently, then 
          original CTD file had stations for leg 2 (instead of leg 1). I found 
          the correct file and put it up on the website. All relevant files and 
          tables have been updated.
          
06/22/01  Uribe       CTD/BTL        Website Updated w/CSV File
          CTD and Bottle files in exchange format have been put online.
          
01/10/02  Diggs       CTD            Website Updated w/CSV File
          CTD Exchange file re-made with new software (rev#g). Some manipulation 
          of the SUMfile was necessary, such as adding a Line name of 'Haku91' 
          (by K. Uribe) for the non-p13c parts of the cruise and other minor 
          modifications. All new files placed online.
          


