
WHP Ref. No.: I9N
Last updated: 28 April 1995

                                Cruise Report
                        WOCE WHP Indian Ocean I9N

A.       Cruise narrative

A.1.     Highlights
a.       WOCE designation:      I9N
b.       Expedition designation:316N145/6
c.       Chief scientist:       Arnold L. Gordon
                                Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
                                Palisades, New York 10964-8000
                                Telephone: (914) 365 8325
                                Telefax: (914) 365 8157
                                Internet: agordon@ldeo.columbia.edu
         Co-Chief scientist:    Donald B. Olson
                                MPO/RSMAS 
                                University of Miami 
                                4600 Rickenbacker Causeway. 
                                Miami, FL 33149 
                                Telephone: (305) 361-4074 
                                Telefax: (305) 361-4622
                                Internet: don@loquat.rsmas.miami.edu
d.       Ship:                  R/V Knorr
e.       Ports of call:         Fremantle, Australia to Colombo, Sri Lanka
f.       Cruise dates:          January 24 to March 5, 1995

A.2.     Cruise Summary Information

a.       Geographic boundaries: 
The RV Knorr commenced cruise 145, leg 6, WOCE WHP Indian Ocean section I9N at 
1620 local time on 24 January 1995 from Fremantle Australia. The 41 day cruise 
terminated in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 5 March 1995 at 0800 local. Figure 1 (all 
figures, tables not given here, and appendices are available from the WHPO) 
shows the station locations. Figure 2 shows an expanded view of stations within 
the Bay of Bengal. Station positions are tabulated in Appendix A.

b.       Stations occupied: 
Figure 3 shows the array of rosette bottle as a function of station number. The 
average station spacing along this section is 30 nm, with a minimum spacing of 
20 nm from 3°S to 3°N and with a maximum spacing of 36 nm. On average the CTD 
station took an hour per 1400 meters of water column. There was ample time to 
obtain an additional section along the central axis of the Bay of Bengal at a 
station spacing of 46 nm. This section allows for some mapping capability 
within this poorly sampled embayment of the Indian Ocean. The CTD station 
numbering is consecutive with those of the previous (McCartney) cruise, station 
148 is the first station of I9N. The last station is 277 at 80°E in the same 
position as a planned station on the Lynne Talley I8N cruise, a total of 130 
stations were obtained on I9N. Stations 148, 149, 150, 152 were repeats of 
stations from the previous Knorr cruise along I8S and I9S. I9N connects with 
I8S (oddly section I9S is along 115°E, a strange mismatch of section 
numbering). The combined I9N and I8S sections provide a view of the entire 
water column from the shores of Antarctica to the northern limit of the Bay of 
Bengal at 100 m depth in the Myanmar EEZ. 

I9N suite of measurements included: CTD with 36 bottle rosette, with water 
samples analysed for salinity and oxygen for calibration of the CTD sensors; 
nutrients; CFC; tritium/helium; carbon dioxide parameters; 14C; and hull-
mounted and lowered- Acoustical Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP); underway 
meteorological and sea surface temperature and salinity were logged. 

c.       Floats and drifters deployed:  
                Lagrangian Instrument Launches
                        Donald B. Olson

Contact PIs: 
Floats: 
Russ Davis
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 
UCSD 
La Jolla, CA 92093-0220 
Internet: rdavis@ucsd.edu

Drifters: 
Donald Olson and Peter Niiler 
MPO/RSMAS 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway. 
Miami, FL 33149 
(305) 361-4074 
Internet: don@loquat.rsmas.miami.edu

As part of the WOCE velocity program the R/V KNORR launched a series of mid-
level floats and surface drifters along the I9N cruise track. The positions and 
times at which the drifters were deployed are given in Table 1. Both the floats 
and the drifters are part of a global network of measurements designed to cover 
the ice-free ocean at a density of one unit per 600¿x¿600 km area. At this 
density the Indian Ocean will have approximately ninety of each type of current-
following instrument by the end of 1995. The floats and drifters both transmit 
information through the ARGOS system onboard the NOAA-N weather satellites. The 
system positions the instruments and provides a telemetry link for thermal 
data. The floats launched on I9N are Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer 
(ALACE) units (Davis, 1988). These are set to float at a depth between 800 and 
1000¿m. At one month intervals they inflate a bladder in their underside with 
oil and ascend to the surface. Here they drift while they transmit to the 
satellite. The surface period is long enough to allow surface tracking and 
therefore an accurate tracking of the subsurface displacement of the unit. 
ALACE¿s launched in the southern subtropical gyre transmit temperature at their 
subsurface operating depth. The ALACEs in the equatorial zone and the monsoon 
forced Bay of Bengal are equipped with a temperature probe on their top that 
provides a vertical profile of temperature from the operation depth to the 
surface. This is also transmitted via ARGOS. The surface drifters are equipped 
to measure sea surface temperature and transmit it on a schedule that can be 
used in weather forecasting. The WOCE Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters 
are equipped with a holey-sock drogue centered at ten meters depth. An 
immersion sensor provides an indication of the status of the drogue. The design 
of the WOCE/TOGA drifter can be found in Niiler et al. (1990). The ALACE 
instruments are designed for a five year lifetime. Currently the surface 
drifters are approaching lifetimes in operation of two years. 

The ALACE deployments took place at the locations shown in Table 2:

d.       Moorings deployed or recovered: No moorings were deployed or recovered 
on this cruise.

A.3.     List of Principal Investigators
Principal investigators for all parameters measured on the cruise are listed in 
Table 3.

TABLE 3:  Principal investigators for all measurements on I9N

Parameter                       Principal Investigator  Institution
ADCP                            E. Firing               Univ. of Hawaii
13C and 14C, 228Ra,             R. Key                  Princeton 
total carbon and alkalinity
CTD, salinity, oxygen, nutrients J. Swift               SIO
Chlorofluorocarbons             R. Fine                 RSMAS
Barium                          K. Falkner              OSU
Bathymetry
Thermosalinograph
ALACE floats                    R. Davis                SIO
Lagrangian Drifters             D. Olson                RSMAS
                                P. Niiler               SIO
Air chemistry (pCO2)            R. Weiss                SIO
Meteorology                     P. Mele                 LDEO

A.4.     Scientific Programme and Methods

Figure 3 shows full depth, computer contoured sections along 95°E (nominal), 
the primary I9N section, from 31°S to the head of the Bay of Bengal. Salinity 
along I9N is shown in Figure 4 and within the Bay of Bengal in Figure 5. 
Potential temperature section is shown in Figure 6 and across the Bay of Bengal 
in Figure 7. Bottle oxygen values along I9N are displayed in Figure 8 and 
through the Bay of Bengal on Figure 9. Silicate values along I9N are shown in 
Figure 10 and through the Bay of Bengal in Figure 11. Sigma-q plots are shown 
for I9N in Figure 12 and for the Bay of Bengal in Station positions are given
in Appendix A.

Some thoughts about the CTD data, 
        A. L. Gordon

The meridional WOCE lines pass through many different ¿climate¿ zones. As soon 
as one gets some understanding of the water mass composition within any one 
regime, the ship passes into the next. I9N transverses four distinct regimes 
within the upper, thermocline layer, beginning with the subtropical gyre of the 
southern Indian Ocean, crossing the trans-Indian Indonesian throughflow plume; 
the equatorial regime; and finally the Bay of Bengal. In most cases the 
intermediate and deep water displayed some changes ¿in phase¿ with these upper 
layer regimes. The subtropical gyre of the southern Indian Ocean is similar to 
the other southern hemisphere systems, except for a strong presence of a mid-
thermocline ¿stad-like¿ water mass that has been called subantarctic mode water 
by Mike McCartney in his seminal 1977 paper. Separating this regime from the 
equatorial regime is a band of water near 11°S derived from the Indonesian Seas 
throughflow. This band stretches across the Indian Ocean neatly dividing the 
subtropics from the equatorial waters. Only in the western Indian Ocean is 
there significant meridional exchanges within the upper layers of the ocean to 
breach this zonal barrier. The northern Indian Ocean is subject to strong 
monsoon wind forcing and buoyancy forcing unique to that region. First of all 
the Indian Ocean lacks a northern polar region, where tropical heat can be 
removed and overturning cells established. Instead we see two very different 
subtropical stratification regimes: the Arabian Sea is a desert with strong 
upwelling, the Bay of Bengal is a highly stratified estuary established by 
massive river outflow from Asia. The I9N data sampled only the Bay of Bengal, 
but revealed the interplay of water between these two extremes through the 
zonally constrained equatorial circulation passing south of Sri Lanka. What 
follows is a brief outline of some of the science issues to which the I9N data 
can be applied. The combination of I9N with the rest of the Indian Ocean WHP 
sections can be considered value-added. The combination of the water mass 
thermohaline and tracers fields along with the ADCP data will prove to be a 
powerful tool, though this discussion is based primarily on the CTD data. As a 
guide to the water masses encountered during the cruise the potential 
temperature, salinity, sigma-q, rosette oxygen, silicate full depth sections 
are shown in Figure 3. 

1- Subtropical Convergence (STC): The contrast of water properties across STC, 
falling between stations 161 and 162, at 24.5°S, is evident well below the 
upper thermocline. Even waters of similar T/S characteristics display markedly 
different oxygen and CFC ages as the STC is crossed. 

2- The Pervasive 10°C Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW): The SAMW is a very 
dominant water mass within the subtropical gyre thermocline. It divides the 
South Indian thermocline into a well defined upper and lower parts. The SAMW 
stad is not completely homogeneous, it covers a range of temperature, from 10 
to 14°C from 200 to 600 meters. It marks the water column oxygen maximum and 
CFC-max. SAMW is a dominant feature to Indonesian plume. While present in the 
plume it is much weakened, becoming stronger north of plume; SAMW traces near 
the 12°C (300 m) layer reach into the Bay of Bengal. The return of SAMW north 
of the Indonesian Plume indicates that it folds around the western end of the 
plume, with the Somali Current, where it mixes with more saline Arabian Sea 
water and then spreads eastward with the South Equatorial Counter Current 
(SECC). 

3- Indonesian Plume: The Indonesian Plume is centered at 10.8° to 12°S. The 
westward flow in which it is embedded may be considered as the South Equatorial 
Current (SEC). The Indonesian water is marked by low salinity and oxygen with 
high silicate, standing out in sharp contrast to the subtropical water to the 
south, and to a lower level of contrast with the thermocline water to the 
north. The plume matching very closely the characteristics of the Timor Sea. 
The Timor water extends from the surface to about 360 meters, the 9 to 10°C 
isotherms form the Indonesian water mass base of the plume, but the dynamical 
influence of the SEC seems to extend to much deeper water. Below the Indonesian 
(Timor Sea) water mass base of the plume there is a trace of the SAMW and the 
lower thermocline water of the South Indian subtropics. A very wide zone rich 
in fine structure exists from 19°S to 11°S, suggesting vigorous stirring of the 
plume water with subtropical gyre water. Just north of the Indonesian Plume 
there is a return to a stronger presence of south Indian thermocline and SAMW. 
Slightly further north (stations 195-198) a mixture of south Indian thermocline 
water and salty Arabian Sea water is encountered. The water characteristics 
north of the Indonesian Plume suggest an advected origin by the Equatorial 
undercurrent and SECC. As with the STC further south, though the water mass 
properties of the plume differ most strongly in the thermocline layer, frontal 
characteristics associated with the Indonesian Plume axis seem to extend into 
the deep water, suggesting that the plume is an effective divider of northern 
Indian and southern Indian Ocean stratification.

4- Antarctic Intermediate Water & Red Sea Water: The s-min of the AAIW is 
centered at 34.45 and 5°C at the 800 to 900 m depth. North of station 163 AAIW 
begins to mix water properties derived from the Red Sea. The Red Sea influence 
stands out as high salinity, low oxygen (to 34.65; down to nearly 3 ml/l) 
centered at 5°C, 27.4. The s-min of the AAIW remnant shifts to warmer 
temperatures, essentially disappearing by 10°S. Though north of 10°S are a few 
filaments of lower oxygen AAIW, e.g. near 1150 m at 7°S station 192, which may 
represent older AAIW trapped within the equatorial zonal flow. This feature 
seems to separate two s-max cores from the northern Indian Ocean, one at 400 
meters derived from the Arabian Sea thermocline, and a deeper s-max, near 2000 
m which must represent the deeper bounds of the Red Sea water mass.

5- Deep Water: In the southern subtropical Indian Ocean the deep s-max between 
2500 and 3000 m appears to be circumpolar deep water, though some reduced 
silicate suggests a lingering presence of NADW. Proceeding northward the deep s-
max core abruptly increases in salinity and shallows near 10°S. The low oxygen 
of this northern s-max core does not support a NADW origin, but rather an 
influx from the Red Sea. From 4°S to 1.5°N the T/S is remarkably linear from 
the thermocline near 20°C to sea floor. Might the northern Indian Ocean be 
essentially a vertical mixed blend of Red Sea and AABW, without much 
circumpolar deep water or NADW input? The oxygen is low throughout this linear 
T/S water column, but between 9° and 15°C (150 to 700m) centered at 11°C (380 
dbar), there is a weak oxygen maximum, suggesting some lateral influx of what¿s 
left of the SAMW. Measurable CFC-11 to the 9°C level, even where the oxygen 
levels are below 1.5 ml/l, indicating rapid oxygen depletion (a condition found 
in the Arabian Sea, Don Olson p.c.). Continuing north, the T/S relationship 
remains fairly linear for temperatures colder than 10°C (400-500 m), for the 
warmer water above 400 m the salinity is reduced, perhaps due to some downward 
mixing of the very low salinity Bay of Bengal surface water. A break in the 
T/Oxy curve occurs near 1.15°C (about 3500 dbar) indicates the presence of more 
oxygenated AABW for the colder temperatures. At this T/Oxy break is also the 
silicate maximum, about 132 µmol/liter, consistent with AABW ventilation of the 
colder layer. AABW traces seem to ride-up to shallower topography of the Bay 
of Bengal.

6- Bay of Bengal: The stratification within the Bay of Bengal is similar to an 
estuary, with a very stable surface layer due low surface salinity (down to 
about 31). Oxygen values drop to essentially zero within the thermocline, which 
is saltier than the Indonesian Plume, salt that must be derived from the 
Arabian Sea. A weak temperature minimum in the upper 60 to 80 meters suggest 
the presence of shallow overturning, perhaps a product of winter cooling along 
the northern fringes of the Bay. An abrupt front occurs between 224/225 (near 
5°N) in the upper 200 dbar, very low upper layer salinity to north. Variations 
of the salinity of the upper few hundred meters may be related to various deep 
water gaps in the Andaman Island chain. The benthic layer within the central 
Bay of Bengal (the southbound section) exhibits a remarkable increase in 
silicate as the sea floor is approached, a reversal of the larger scale trend. 
This feature is most evident at station 167-171 of the central section in the 
Bay of Bengal, it is not observed in the eastern section. The lower three 
bottles within 100 m of the sea floor indicate a 10 µmol/liter increase of 
silicate towards the bottom with a 0.15 ml/l decrease in oxygen. A 
counterclockwise bottom flow within the Bay of Bengal is suspected, with inflow 
along the deep water passage between the 90 Degree East Ridge and the Andaman 
Island chain, with outflow to the west. 

Foreign Observers:

I9N obtained observations within the EEZ of Myanmar (Burma) and of the Indian 
Islands of Nicobar and Andaman. Myanmar observers accompanied the ship for the 
full cruise. 

The following letter was written by A. L. Gordon to the Myanmar Foreign 
Minister:  I was the Chief Scientist on the US Research Vessel Knorr cruise 
145-6, 24 January to 5 March 1995, during which time Section # I9N, one of the 
primary meridional WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment) oceanographic 
sections was obtained. Section I9N began at 31°S and followed along 95°E 
(slightly west of this meridian north of the Equator) ending on the outer 
continental shelf of Myanmar in 100 meters of water. We greatly appreciate the 
opportunity you have provided to obtain oceanographic data within the EEZ of 
Myanmar. The usefulness of the WOCE data set is greatly enhanced by extending 
the observations to continental boundaries.   For your information, I include 
copies of the station map and of the contoured temperature, salinity and varied 
chemical parameters along the section. I provided the two Myanmar observers 
aboard the Knorr, Dr. San Hla Thaw and Lt. Win Thein, with copies of the full 
cruise preliminary data set. As the data is processed, you will be provided 
with final data, though the preliminary data is of high quality. I am happy to 
report that Dr. Thaw and Lt. Thein were very helpful to the expedition and I 
hope that they and ocean science research in Myanmar may benefited from their 
experience.

The Indian Observers joined the ship at station 226 and departed at station 242 
via a Knorr to Indian Naval ship transfer. Their names: Lt.¿Anand Abhyankar and 
Lt. Cdr. Sreekumar. They were given preliminary copies of the data obtained 
during the transit within Indian EEZ and final data will be sent to New Delhi.
I believe all observers departed the ship with a better understanding of our 
scientific program and methods.

A.5.     Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved

Science gear worked fine, specific problems are discussed in the individual 
sections above. The port winch broke, but was repaired at sea. A ship engine 
had major problems, which will require port work. Neither of these problems 
interfered with the data collect, as we temporally switched to the starboard 
winch and the ship did fine on the three remaining engines, though it is 
important that the full 4 engines be available. An annoying problem was that 
the bathymetry had to be manually logged at 5 minute intervals. With all of the 
technology on the ship I¿m surprised to see that automation of bathymetry 
logging was not working. 

A.6.     Other Incidents of Note

None noted.



----------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    World Ocean Circulation Experiment
                             Indian Ocean I9N
                        R/V Knorr Voyage 145 Leg 6
                      24 January 1995 - 5 March 1995
                 Fremantle, Australia - Colombo, Sri Lanka
                           Expocode:  316N145/6

                    Chief Scientist:  Dr. Arnold Gordon
                     Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
                          of Columbia University



                             I9N Cruise Track

                     Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF)
                            Final Cruise Report
                               8 August 1997

                            Data Submitted by:
                        Oceanographic Data Facility
                    Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                          La Jolla, CA 92093-0214

1.  DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

Basic Hydrography Program

The basic hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and
nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements made from
bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts, plus pressure, temperature, salinity
and dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles.  130 CTD/rosette casts were made,
usually to within 5 meters of the bottom.  One additional cast at station
204 was aborted and not reported.  4526 bottles were tripped resulting in
4515 usable bottles.  No insurmountable problems were encountered during
any phase of the operation.  The resulting data set met and in many cases
exceeded WHP specifications.  The distribution of samples is illustrated in
Figures 1.0.0 and 1.0.1.
            Figure 1.0.0 I9N sample distribution, stas 148-252

            Figure 1.0.1 I9N sample distribution, stas 252-277

1.1.  Water Sampling Package

Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a rosette system
consisting of a 36-bottle rosette frame (ODF), a 36-place pylon (General
Oceanics 1016) and 36 10-liter PVC bottles (ODF).  Underwater electronic
components consisted of an ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and
associated sensors, SeaTech transmissometer (TAMU #151D), RDI LADCP (UH
#1246), Benthos altimeter and Benthos pinger.  The CTD was mounted
horizontally along the bottom of the rosette frame, with the
transmissometer, a Sensormedics dissolved oxygen sensor and an FSI
secondary PRT sensor deployed next to the CTD.  The LADCP was vertically
mounted to the frame inside the bottle rings.  The altimeter provided
distance-above-bottom in the CTD data stream.  The pinger was monitored
during a cast with a precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's
laboratory.  The rosette system was suspended from a three-conductor 0.322"
electro-mechanical cable.  Power to the CTD and pylon was provided through
the cable from the ship.  Separate conductors were used for the CTD and
pylon signals.  The transmissometer, dissolved oxygen, secondary
temperature and altimeter were interfaced with the CTD, and their data were
incorporated into the CTD data stream.

The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to a
cast.  All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation.
The bottles were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked.  Upon
arrival at station, time, position and bottom depth were logged and the
deployment begun.  The rosette was moved into position under a projecting
boom from the rosette room using an air-powered cart on tracks.  Two
stabilizing tag lines were threaded through rings on the frame.  CTD sensor
covers were removed and the pinger was turned on.  Once the CTD acquisition






and control system in the ship's laboratory had been initiated by the
console operator and the CTD and pylon had passed their diagnostics, the
winch operator raised the package and extended the boom over the side of
the ship.  The package was then quickly lowered into the water, the tag
lines removed and the console operator notified by radio that the rosette
was at the surface.

Each rosette cast was lowered to within 5-10 meters of the bottom, unless
the bottom returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely poor
or the bottom depth exceeded the range of the instrumentation.  Bottles on
the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number.  Usually
these numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36, where the
first (deepest) bottle tripped was bottle #1.  There were four stations
where the bottles were tripped in a special sequence for freon checks.  The
trip sequences, deepest to shallowest, were bottles 19-36, then 1-18, at
stations 166, 272 and 277; and bottles 13-36, then 1-12, at station 234.

Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were
associated with the bottle data during a cast.  Pressure, depth,
temperature, salinity and density were immediately available to facilitate
examination and quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and
laboratory analyses progressed.

Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse
of the launching.  Two tag lines connected to air tuggers and terminating
in large snap hooks were manipulated on long poles by the deck watch to
snag recovery rings on the rosette frame.  The package was then lifted out
of the water under tension from the tag lines, the boom retracted, and the
rosette lowered onto the cart.  Sensor covers were replaced, the pinger
turned off and the cart with the rosette moved into the starboard-side
(forward) hangar for sampling.  A detailed examination of the bottles and
rosette occurred before samples were taken, and any extraordinary
situations or circumstances were noted on the sample log for the cast.

Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and CTD O2
sensors in distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability.  The
rosette was stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was
not exposed to direct sunlight or wind in order to maintain the internal
CTD temperature near ambient air temperature.

Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis.  O-rings were changed
as necessary and bottle maintenance performed each day to insure proper
closure and sealing.  Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or
replaced as needed.  No bottle replacements were necessary during the
cruise.

The transmissometer windows were cleaned prior to deployment approximately
every 20 casts.  The air readings were noted in the TAMU transmissometer
log book after each cleaning.  Transmissometer data were monitored for
potential problems during every cast.

The R/V Knorr's port-side Markey CTD winch was used during stations 148-211
and 277.  The winch operator noticed a loose strand on the wire during
station 172 at 4060m wire out.  The strand was trimmed and the wire was
taped.  During stations 172-211 and 277, the winch was stopped at 4060m on
both down-cast and up-cast to inspect wire integrity and to re-tape the
loose strand.  The port winch developed an electrical control relay problem
at the start of station 212 and was repaired shortly thereafter.  The
starboard Almon Johnson winch and cable were used on stations 212-276.

1.2.  Underwater Electronics Packages

CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1).  This
instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2
channels, and additionally measured a second temperature (FSI temperature
module/OTM) as a calibration check.  An FSI pressure module/OPM was
substituted in place of the secondary temperature for three casts as a
check on the primary pressure sensor.  Other data channels included
elapsed-time, altimeter, several power supply voltages and transmissometer.
The instrument supplied a 15-byte NBIS-format data stream at a data rate of
25 Hz.  Modifications to the instrument included revised pressure and
dissolved O2 sensor mountings; ODF-designed sensor interfaces for O2, FSI
PRT and transmissometer; implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer
channels; an elapsed-time channel; instrument ID in the polarity byte and






power supply voltages channels.

Table 1.2.0 summarizes the winches and serial numbers of instruments and
sensors used during I9N.


     +----------------+------+--------------+-----------------+-------+
     |                | ODF  | Sensormedics |     SeaTech     |       |
     |  Station(s)    | CTD@ |    Oxygen    | Transmissometer | Winch |
     |                | ID#  |    Sensor    |     (TAMU)      |       |
     +----------------+------+--------------+-----------------+-------+
     |148-149,200-203 |  1a  |              |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+------+   3-03-10    |                 +-------+
     |150-171,173-196 |      |              |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+  1b  +--------------+                 +-------+
     |      172       |      |   3-11-32    |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+------+--------------+                 +-------+
     |    197-199     |  1c  |              |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+------+              |      151D       +-------+
     | 204/1-ABORTED  |  1d  |              |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+------+   3-03-10    |                 +-------+
     | 204/2-211,277  |      |              |                 | Port  |
     +----------------+      |              |                 +-------+
     |212-257,261-276 |  1b  |              |                 | Stbd. |
     +----------------+      +--------------+                 +-------+
     |    258-260     |      |   4-05-16    |                 | Stbd. |
     +----------------+------+--------------+-----------------+-------+
     |   NOTE: RDI LADCP #1246 (UH) deployed on all casts except:     |
     |                turned off for stas 252 and 274                 |
     |             removed from rosette for stas 275-277              |
     +----------------------------------------------------------------+

                   @ ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers:
 +----+-----------------------+---------------------------+---------------
 |    |       Pressure        |        Temperature        |
 |ODF |      Paine Model      |    PRT1     | PRT2/(PRS2) | Conductivity
 |CTD |     211-35-440-05     |  Rosemount  |     FSI     |  NBIS Model  |
 |ID# | strain gage/0-8850psi | Model 171BJ |  OTM/(OPM)  | 09035-00151  |
 +----+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
 |1a  |                       |             |  OTM/1319T  |              |
 +----+                       |             +-------------+              |
 |1b  |                       |             |  OTM/1322T  |              |
 +----+        131910         |    14304    +-------------+  5902-F117   |
 |1c  |                       |             | (OPM/1326P) |              |
 +----+                       |             +-------------+              |
 |1d  |                       |             |  OTM/1320T  |              |
 +----+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

             Table 1.2.0 I9N Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers


The CTD pressure sensor mounting had been modified to reduce the dynamic
thermal effects on pressure. The sensor was attached to a section of coiled
stainless-steel tubing that was connected to the end-cap pressure port. The
transducer was also insulated.  The NBIS temperature compensation circuit
on the pressure interface was disabled; all thermal response
characteristics were modeled and corrected in software.

The O2 sensor was deployed in a pressure-compensated holder assembly
mounted separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by an
underwater cable. The O2 sensor interface was designed and built by ODF
using an off-the-shelf 12-bit A/D converter. The transmissometer interface
was a similar design.

Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6 inches of
the CTD conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate
coherent salinities.  It was used as a secondary temperature calibration
reference rather than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating
the need for mercury or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks.

The General Oceanics (GO) 1016 36-place pylon was used in conjunction with
an ODF-built deck unit and external power supply instead of a GO pylon deck
unit.  This combination provided generally reliable operation and positive
confirmation of all but 1 trip attempt, which was successful on the second






try.  The pylon emitted a confirmation message containing its current
notion of bottle trip position, which could be useful in sorting out mis-
trips.  The acquisition software averaged CTD data corresponding to the
rosette trip as soon as the trip was initiated until the trip confirmed,
typically 2-4.5 seconds on I9N.

1.3.  Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition

Navigation data were acquired from the ship's Magnavox MX GPS receiver via
RS-232.  Data were logged automatically at one-minute intervals by one of
the Sun SPARCstations.  Underway bathymetry was logged manually from the 12
kHz Raytheon PDR at five-minute intervals, then merged with the navigation
data to provide a time-series of underway position, course, speed and
bathymetry data.  These data were used for all station positions, PDR
depths and bathymetry on vertical sections [Cart80].

1.4.  CTD Data Acquisition, Processing and Control System

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system consisted of a Sun
SPARCstation LX computer workstation, ODF-built CTD and pylon deck units,
CTD and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for real-time analog
backup recording of the sea-cable signal.  The Sun system consisted of a
color display with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 RS-232
ports, 2.5 GB disk and 8mm cartridge tape.  Two other Sun SPARCstation LX
systems were networked to the data acquisition system, as well as to the
rest of the networked computers aboard the Knorr.  These systems were
available for real-time CTD data display and provided for hydrographic data
management and backup.  Two HP 1200C color inkjet printers provided
hardcopy capability from any of the workstations.

The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C
binary data stream by the CTD deck unit.  This data stream was fed to the
Sun SPARCstation.  The pylon deck unit was connected to the Sun LX through
a bi-directional 300 baud serial line, allowing bottle trips to be
initiated and confirmed by the data acquisition software.  A bitmapped
color display provided interactive graphical display and control of the CTD
rosette sampling system, including real-time raw and processed CTD data,
navigation, winch and rosette trip displays.

The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the
console watch a few minutes before each deployment.  A console operations
log was maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every
attempt to trip a bottle as well as any pertinent comments.  Most CTD
console control functions, including starting the data acquisition, were
initiated by pointing and clicking a trackball cursor on the display at
icons representing functions to perform.  The system then presented the
operator with short dialog prompts with automatically-generated choices
that could either be accepted as defaults or overridden.  The operator was
instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power supplies, then to examine a
real-time CTD data display on the screen for stable voltages from the
underwater unit.  Once this was accomplished, the data acquisition and
processing was begun and a time and position were automatically logged for
the beginning of the cast.  A backup analog recording of the CTD signal on
a VCR tape was started at the same time as the data acquisition.  A rosette
trip display and pylon control window popped up, giving visual confirmation
that the pylon was initializing properly.  Various plots and displays were
initiated.  When all was ready, the console operator informed the deck
watch by radio.

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console
operator that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the
computer displays), the console operator or watch leader provided the winch
operator with a target depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally
60 meters/minute for this package.  The package then began its descent,
building up to the maximum rate during the first few hundred meters, then
optimally continuing at a steady rate without any stops during the down-
cast.  As noted in Section 1.1, the winch was stopped around 4060m wire out
on every down-cast of stations 172-211 and 277 to check the broken-strand
area on the port winch wire.

The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via
interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other
workstations on the network.  Additionally, the operator decided where to
trip bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log.  The PDR was






monitored to insure the bottom depth was known at all times.

The deck watch leader assisted the console operator by monitoring the
rosette's distance to the bottom using the difference between the rosette's
pinger signal and its bottom reflection displayed on the PDR.  Around 200
meters above the bottom, depending on bottom conditions, the altimeter
typically began signaling a bottom return on the console.  The winch and
altimeter displays allowed the watch leader to refine the target depth
relayed to the winch operator and safely approach to within 5 meters of the
bottom.

Bottles were closed on the up-cast by pointing the console trackball cursor
at a graphic firing control and clicking a button.  The data acquisition
system responded with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation
message in a window.  A bad or suspicious confirmation signal typically
resulted in the console operator repositioning the pylon trip arm via
software, then re-tripping the bottle, until a good confirmation was
received.  All tripping attempts were noted on the console log.  The
console operator then instructed the winch operator to the next bottle
stop.  The console operator was also responsible for generating the sample
log for the cast.

After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck
watch to bring the rosette on deck.  Once the rosette was on deck, the
console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD,
pylon and VCR recording.  The VCR tape was filed.  Usually the console
operator also brought the sample log to the rosette room and served as the
sample cop.

1.5.  CTD Data Processing

ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the
Unix operating system.  The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used
either in real-time or with existing raw data sets to:

o   Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign
    the data to logical channels;
o   Filter various channels according to specified filtering
    criteria;
o   Apply sensor- or instrument-specific response-correction
    models;
o   Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the
    output time-series interval; and
o   Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format.


Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be
manipulated in various ways.  Channels can be additionally filtered.  The
time-series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to
form longer time-series.  A time-series can be transformed into a pressure-
series, or into a larger-interval time-series.  The pressure calibration
corrections are applied during reduction of the data to time-series.
Temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections to the series are
maintained in separate files and are applied whenever the data are
accessed.

ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real-
time, providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and
reporting during a cast.  The 25 Hz data from the CTD were filtered,
response-corrected and averaged to a 2 Hz (0.5-second) time-series.  Sensor
correction and calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature,
conductivity and O2.  Rosette trip data were extracted from this time-
series in response to trip initiation and confirmation signals.  The
calibrated 2 Hz time-series data, as well as the 25 Hz raw data, were
stored on disk and were available in real-time for reporting and graphical
display.  At the end of the cast, various consistency and calibration
checks were performed, and a 2.0 db pressure-series of the down-cast was
generated and subsequently used for reports and plots.

CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were
checked daily for potential problems.  The two PRT temperature sensors were
inter-calibrated and checked for sensor drift.  The CTD conductivity sensor
was monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities and by
deep Theta-Salinity comparisons with adjacent stations.  The CTD O2 sensor






was calibrated to check-sample data.

A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate
artifacts.  Some casts were subject to noise in 1 or more channels caused
by sea cable or slip-ring problems.  Intermittent noisy data were filtered
out of the 2 Hz data using a spike-removal filter.  A least-squares
polynomial of specified order was fit to fixed-length segments of data.
Points exceeding a specified multiple of the residual standard deviation
were replaced by the polynomial value.

Density inversions can appear in high-gradient regions.  Detailed
examination of the raw data shows significant mixing occurring in these
areas because of ship roll.  In order to minimize density inversions, a
ship-roll filter was applied to all casts during pressure-sequencing to
disallow pressure reversals.

The first few seconds of in-water data were excluded from the pressure-
series data, since the sensors were still adjusting to the going-in-water
transition.  However, multiple casts exhibited up to a 0.03 density drop
during the top 10 db, or a sharply increasing density gradient in the top
few meters of the water column.  A time-series data check verified these
density features were probably real: the data were consistent over many
frames of data at the same pressures.  Appendix C details the magnitude of
the larger density drops or gradients for the casts affected.

Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by
double-quadratic interpolation.

When the down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up-
cast data are used instead.  CTD data from down- and up-casts are not mixed
together in the pressure-series data because they do not represent
identical water columns (due to ship movement, wire angles, etc.).  The 7
up-casts used for final I9N data are indicated in Appendix C.

There is an inherent problem in the internal digitizing circuitry of the
NBIS Mark III CTD when all the bits flip at once.  Raw temperature can
shift 1-2 millidegrees as values cross between positive and negative, a
problem avoided by offsetting the raw PRT readings by ~1.5 deg.C.  The
conductivity channel also can shift by 0.001-0.002 mmho/cm as raw data
values change between 32767/32768.  This is typically not a problem in
shallow to intermediate depths because such a small shift becomes
negligible in higher gradient areas.

Raw CTD conductivity traversed 32767/32768 ~1000+/-200 db during the first
part of I9N, and ~1700+/-150 db beginning about station 200.  The effect on
salinity is not visible until the casts near the mouth of the Bay of Bengal
because of high salinity gradients.  However, from station 230 until the
end of I9N, a +0.001 PSU offset can be seen around 3.4 deg.C theta and
34.81 PSU salinity, where raw conductivity values are in the right
vicinity.  Because the same digitizer problem has occurred on numerous
other cruises, it is unlikely that this offset is real.

A deeper -0.0005 PSU inflection appears around 1.9 deg.C theta and 34.75
PSU salinity on the same casts as the digitizer problem mentioned above.
The raw conductivity is nowhere near 32768 in this area, so a CTD problem
is not suspected.

As noted in Section 1.1, a loose strand was observed on the Knorr's port
winch wire during station 172.  The winch was stopped from 0.5-14 minutes
near 4060m wire out on both down- and up-casts from stations 172-211 and
277 to check the loose-strand area.  These stops nearly always caused a
problem in fitting CTD oxygen data because the raw oxygen signal shifted as
oxygen became depleted in water near the stationary sensor.  The drops
often caused inflections and/or distorted fits over hundreds of decibars.
The signal drop could usually be compensated for by applying a small
constant offset to the raw oxygen current values from the stop until the
bottom of the cast, then re-fitting the oxygen data to the bottles.  The
same solution also helped to correct oxygen shifts when the winch slowed
for a bottom approach.  Raw CTD O2 offsets that resolved drops at winch
stops or slowdowns are noted in Appendix C.

Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention; I9N
CTD-related comments, problems and solutions are documented in detail.







1.6.  CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure and temperature sensors
were used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data
acquisition and processing software at sea.  These laboratory calibrations
were also performed post-cruise.

Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF
Calibration Facility in La Jolla.  The pre-cruise calibrations were done in
December 1994, before five consecutive ODF WOCE legs in the Indian Ocean,
and the post-cruise calibrations were done in September 1995.

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled
water bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference.
Calibration data were measured at -1.42/+0.01 and 30.41/31.24 deg.C to 2
maximum loading pressures (1400/1190 and 6080 db) pre-/post-cruise.
Figures 1.6.0 and 1.6.1 summarize the CTD #1 laboratory pressure
calibrations performed in December 1994 and September 1995.

     Figure 1.6.0 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

     Figure 1.6.1 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.



Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the
pressure transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects.  These results
were combined with the static temperature calibrations to optimally correct
the CTD pressure.

CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge
and Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath.  The primary
and secondary CTD temperatures were offset by ~1.5 deg.C to avoid the
0-point discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry.
Standard and PRT temperatures were measured at 9 or more different bath
temperatures between -1.5 and 31.3  deg.C, both pre- and post-cruise.
Figures 1.6.2 and 1.6.3 summarize the laboratory calibrations performed on
the CTD #1 primary PRT during December 1994 and September 1995.

Figure 1.6.2 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, December 1994.

Figure 1.6.3 Primary PRT Temperature Calibration for ODF CTD #1, September 1995.


These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90
standard.  Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during
processing in order to calculate other parameters, including salinity and
density, which are currently defined in terms of that standard only.  Final
calibrated CTD temperatures were reported using the ITS-90 standard.

1.7.  CTD Calibration Procedures

This cruise was the first of five consecutive Indian Ocean WOCE legs using
ODF CTD #1 exclusively.  A redundant PRT sensor was used as a temperature
calibration check while at sea.  CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were
calibrated to in-situ check samples collected during each rosette cast.

Final pressure, temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections were
determined during post-cruise processing.

1.7.1.  CTD #1 Pressure

An FSI pressure module was substituted in place of the FSI PRT during
stations 197-199 as a check on the CTD #1 pressure calibration.  The FSI
pressure sensor required correction using a first-order fit of FSI pressure
vs CTD #1 primary pressure minus FSI pressure difference.  Once this was
accomplished, the residual pressure differences for the three casts were at
most +/-1.5 db, indicating no significant problems with either pressure
sensor.

There was a pre- to post-cruise shift of -2.4 db at shallow and deep
pressures in the cold-bath laboratory calibrations for pressure.  The warm-
bath pressure correction shifted by -1.8 db.  Half of the closure between
warm/cold calibrations can be accounted for by different temperatures of






the pre-/post-cruise calibrations.  There were no significant slope
differences between pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations.

In order to determine when the pressure shift occurred, start-of-cast out-
of-water pressure and temperature data from the 5 consecutive ODF legs were
compared with similar data from the pre- and post-cruise laboratory
calibrations for temperature.  The pressure data from the I9N leg were
essentially the same as the pre-cruise laboratory data at all temperatures,
so the pre-cruise pressure calibrations, plus the dynamic thermal-response
correction, were applied to CTD #1 pressures.

Down-cast surface pressures were automatically adjusted to 0 db as the CTD
entered the water; any difference between this value and the calibration
value was automatically adjusted during the top 50 decibars.  Residual
pressure offsets at the end of each up-cast (the difference between the
last corrected pressure in-water and 0) averaged 0.5 db, indicating no
problems with the final pressure corrections.

The entire 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for
the pressure sensor on CTD #1 was less than half the magnitude of the WOCE
accuracy specification of 3 db.  I9N CTD pressures should be well within
the desired standards.

1.7.2.  CTD #1 Temperature

An FSI PRT sensor (PRT2) was deployed as a second temperature channel and
compared with the primary PRT channel (PRT1) on most casts to monitor for
drift.  The response times of the primary and secondary PRT sensors were
matched, then preliminary corrected temperatures were compared for a series
of standard depths from each CTD down-cast.

There was a large drift in the PRT1-PRT2 differences during the first two
casts.  It was determined that the first FSI PRT flooded, and another
replaced it beginning at station 150.  The second FSI PRT was used for the
rest of the cruise, except when the pressure sensor was substituted in its
place on stations 197-199 and when the original FSI PRT was back on for
testing during stations 200-203.  A third FSI PRT was installed prior to
the aborted cast at station 204, and was replaced by the second sensor for
the remainder of the leg.

There was a slow, steady drift in the differences between the CTD #1
primary PRT and the second FSI PRT over the course of the leg.  Figure
1.7.2.0 summarizes the comparison between the primary and secondary PRT
temperatures.

Figure 1.7.2.0 Shipboard comparison of CTD #1 primary/secondary PRT
                     temperatures, pressure > 1800 db.


The primary temperature sensor laboratory calibrations indicated a -0.001
deg.C shift at 0 deg.C, -0.0006 deg.C shift at mid-range temperatures, and
a -0.0014 deg.C shift at 32 deg.C from pre- to post-cruise.  The pre- and
post-cruise temperature calibrations were equally weighted and combined to
generate an average temperature correction, which was applied to all CTD
casts done during the 5 legs between calibrations.  Figure 1.7.2.1
summarizes the average of the pre-/post-cruise laboratory temperature
calibrations for CTD #1.
Figure 1.7.2.1 Primary temperature correction for ODF CTD #1,
                 Dec.94/Sept.95 equally weighted average.


The 10-month pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift for the
primary temperature sensor on CTD #1 was less than half the magnitude of
the WOCE accuracy standard of 0.002 deg.C.  Since an average of the two
calibrations was applied to the data, I9N CTD temperatures should be well
within the WOCE specifications.

The secondary FSI temperature sensors either failed or drifted during I9N
far more than the primary sensor drifted during the 10 months between
laboratory calibrations.  The FSI PRT sensors seemed to monitor their own
drift better than that of the primary temperature sensor mounted
permanently on CTD #1.  Any comparison of their pre- and post-cruise
calibrations was deemed fruitless.







1.7.3.  CTD #1 Conductivity

The corrected CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the
bottle salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity.  Differences between
the bottle and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity
correction.  This correction is normally linear for the 3cm conductivity
cell used in the Mark III CTD.

Cast-by-cast comparisons showed typical conductivity sensor drift at the
start of the leg, after a long period of non-use.  The differences were
fairly stable, aside from a slow cast-to-cast drift, until station 203-204,
where the CTD shifted ~0.002 PSU each cast.  The conductivity sensor was
swabbed with distilled water prior to station 205, which offset the CTD
conductivity but stabilized the drift.  A slow drift was evident beginning
with stations in the early 220's, then the sensor displayed +/-0.002 PSU
salinity offsetting on the down-cast of station 253 and the up-casts of
stations 254-256.  The sensor was swabbed again before station 257.  This
again shifted the conductivity, but it remained stable except for some
+/-0.002 PSU salinity offsetting during the down-casts of stations 267 and
268.  A third sensor swabbing did not shift the conductivity, but did clear
up the offsetting problem.

Conductivity differences above and below the thermocline were fit to CTD
conductivity for all 5 legs together to determine the conductivity slope.
The conductivity slope gradually increased from stations 148 to 800 (I7N),
after which the conductivity sensor was swabbed with alcohol.  Figure
1.7.3.0 shows the individual preliminary conductivity slopes for stations
148-800.

Figure 1.7.3.0 CTD #1 prelim. conductivity slopes for stations 148(I9N)
                             through 800(I7N).


The conductivity slopes for stations 148-800 were fit to station number,
with outlying values (4,2 standard deviations) rejected.  Conductivity
slopes were calculated from the first-order fit and applied to each I9N
cast.

Once the conductivity slopes were applied, residual CTD conductivity offset
values were calculated for each cast using bottle conductivities deeper
than 1400 db.  Figure 1.7.3.1 illustrates the I9N preliminary conductivity
offset residual values.

Figure 1.7.3.1 CTD #1 preliminary conductivity offsets by station number
                                 for I9N.


Casts were grouped together based on drift and/or known CTD conductivity
shifts to determine average offsets.  This also smoothed the effect of any
cast-to-cast bottle salinity variation, typically on the order of +/-0.001
PSU.  Nine casts were omitted from the groups because of known bottle or
CTD salinity problems, or because they were shallower than 1400 db.
Smoothed offsets were applied to each cast, then some offsets were manually
adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in the conductivity transducer
response or bottle salinities, or to maintain deep theta-salinity
consistency from cast to cast.

After applying the conductivity slopes and offsets to each cast, it was
determined that surface salinity differences were ~0.008 PSU high compared
to intermediate and deep differences.  After the offset adjustments were
made, a mean second-order conductivity correction was calculated for
stations 148-800.  Figure 1.7.3.2 shows the residual conductivity
differences used for determining this correction.

       Figure 1.7.3.2 CTD #1 residual non-linear conductivity slope.

A 4,2-standard deviation rejection of the second-order fit was performed on
the differences, then the remaining values were fit to conductivity.  This
non-linear correction, added to the linear corrections for each cast,
effectively pulled in surface differences while having minimal effect on
differences below the thermocline/halocline.

The final I9N conductivity slopes, a combination of the linear coefficients
from the preliminary and second-order fits, are summarized in Figure






1.7.3.3.  Figure 1.7.3.4 summarizes the final combined conductivity offsets
by station number.

  Figure 1.7.3.3 CTD #1 conductivity slope corrections by station number.

       Figure 1.7.3.4 CTD #1 conductivity offsets by station number.


I9N temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are also tabulated
in Appendix A.

Summary of Residual Salinity Differences

Figures 1.7.3.5, 1.7.3.6 and 1.7.3.7 summarize the residual differences
between bottle and CTD salinities after applying the conductivity
corrections.

Figure 1.7.3.5 Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction).
Figure 1.7.3.6 Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).
Figure 1.7.3.7 Deep salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction).


The CTD conductivity calibration represents a best estimate of the
conductivity field throughout the water column.  3-sigma from the mean
residual in Figures 1.7.3.6 and 1.7.3.7, or +/-0.0234 PSU for all
salinities and +/-0.0014 PSU for deep salinities, represents the limit of
repeatability of the bottle salinities (Autosal, rosette, operators and
samplers).  This limit agrees with station overlays of deep Theta-Salinity.
Within a cast (a single salinometer run), the precision of bottle
salinities appears to exceed 0.001 PSU.  The precision of the CTD
salinities appears to exceed 0.0005 PSU.

Final calibrated CTD data from WOCE95 I3 and I8N/I5E legs were compared
with I9N data.  Deep Theta-Salinity comparisons for casts at four positions
where the WOCE lines crossed showed less than 0.001 PSU difference for each
group of casts.  Two stations from GEOSECS were also compared with I9N
casts at the same positions.  The GEOSECS data were 0.0005-0.0015 PSU
higher than I9N data.  This difference becomes less than +/-0.001 PSU if
GEOSECS salinity values are corrected for standard seawater batch
differences [Mant87].  The standard seawater batch from the five
consecutive ODF legs has not been compared to other batches.  A cross-
calibration is planned for Fall 1997; however, recent batches from OSI have
been quite reliable, requiring, at worst, a +/-0.001 PSU correction
[Mant97].

1.7.4.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen

There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the
Sensormedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being
a secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity.
Stopping the rosette for as little as half a minute, or slowing down for a
bottom approach, can cause shifts in the CTD O2 profile.  All winch stops
or slow-downs that affected CTD oxygen data are documented in Appendix C.
As noted in Section 1.1, the winch was stopped around 4060m wire out on
every down- and up-cast from station 172 through 211, and on station 277.
There was frequently a noticeable effect on the CTD O2 profiles, which
could often be corrected by offsetting the raw oxygen data from the stop to
the bottom of the cast.  The offset sections are also documented in
Appendix C.

Because of these same stop/slow-down problems, up-cast CTD rosette trip
data cannot be optimally calibrated to O2 check samples.  Instead, down-
cast CTD O2 data are derived by matching the up-cast rosette trips along
isopycnal surfaces.  When down-casts were deemed to be unusable (see
Appendix C), up-cast CTD O2 data were processed despite the signal drop-
offs typically seen at bottle stops.  The differences between CTD O2 data
modeled from these derived values and check samples are then minimized
using a non-linear least-squares fitting procedure.

The same oxygen sensor was used on all but 4 of the I9N CTD casts.  Figures
1.7.4.0 and 1.7.4.1 show the residual differences between the corrected CTD
O2 and the bottle O2 (ml/l) for each station.

  Figure 1.7.4.0 O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).






Figure 1.7.4.1 Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction).

The standard deviations of 0.10 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.02 ml/l for deep
oxygens are only intended as metrics of the goodness of the fits.  ODF
makes no claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2
data.

The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and
Morrison [Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85].  ODF does not use a
digitized O2 sensor temperature to model the secondary thermal response but
instead models membrane and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the
PRT temperature.  In-situ pressure and temperature are filtered to match
the sensor response.  Time-constants for the pressure response Taup, and
two temperature responses TauTs and TauTf are fitting parameters.  The
sensor current, or Oc, gradient is approximated by low-pass filtering 1st-
order Oc differences.  This term attempts to correct for reduction of
species other than O2 at the cathode.  The time-constant for this filter,
Tauog, is a fitting parameter.  Oxygen partial-pressure is then calculated:

     Opp=[c1*Oc+c2]*fsat(S,T,P)*e**(c3*Pl+c4*Tf+c5*Ts+c6*dOc/dt)  (1.7.4.0)

where:

Opp           = Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm);
Oc            = Sensor current (uamps);
fsat(S,T,P)   = O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm);
S             = Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs);
T             = Temperature at O2 response-time (deg.C);
P             = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars);
Pl            = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars);
Tf            = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
Ts            = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C);
dOc/dt        = Sensor current gradient (uamps/secs).


I9N CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6) are tabulated in
Appendix B.

1.8.  Bottle Sampling

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the
bottles in the following order:


     o   CFCs;
     o   3He;
     o   O2;
     o   Total CO2;
     o   Alkalinity;
     o   AMS 14C;
     o   Tritium;
     o   Nutrients;
     o   Salinity;
     o   Barium.



The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for
the cast.  This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions
noted about the rosette and bottles.  One member of the sampling team was
designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this
log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before opening
the air vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped.  This
observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught
in lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining
sample integrity were routinely noted on the sample log.

Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature
from the bottle.  The temperature was noted on the sample log and was
sometimes useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.







Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were
distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis.  Oxygen,
nutrients and salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC)
analytical equipment networked to Sun SPARCstations for centralized data
analysis.  The analysts for each specific property were responsible for
insuring that their results were updated into the cruise database.

1.9.  Bottle Data Processing

The first stage of bottle data processing consisted of verifying and
validating individual samples, and checking the sample log (the sample
inventory) for consistency.  At this stage, bottle tripping problems were
usually resolved, sometimes resulting in changes to the pressure,
temperature and other CTD properties associated with the bottle.  Note that
the rosette bottle number was the primary identification for all samples
taken from the bottle, as well as for the CTD data associated with the
bottle.  All CTD trips were retained (whether confirmed or not), so
resolving bottle tripping problems simply consisted of assigning the right
rosette bottle number to the right CTD trip level.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log were entered into the computer as
part of the quality control procedure.  Every potential problem indicated
in these computer files was investigated.  The data were coded with the
results of the investigation.

The second stage of processing began once all the samples for a cast had
been accounted for.  Oxygen flask numbers were verified, as each flask is
volumetrically calibrated and significantly affects the calculated O2
concentration.  All samples for bottles suspected of leaking were checked
to see if the properties were consistent with the profile for the cast,
with adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data.  All
comments from the analysts were examined and turned into appropriate WHP
water sample codes.

The third stage of processing continued throughout the cruise and until the
data set was considered "final".  Various property-property plots and
vertical sections were examined for both consistency within a cast and
consistency with adjacent stations.  In conjunction with this process, the
analysts reviewed and sometimes revised their data as additional
calibration or diagnostic results became available.  Assignment of a WHP
water sample code to an anomalous sample value was typically achieved
through consensus between analysts and one of the chief scientists.

WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned as defined in the WOCE
Operations Manual [Joyc94] with the following additional interpretations:
     |
   2 | No problems noted.
   3 | Leaking.  An air leak large enough to produce an
     | observable effect on a sample is identified by a code of
     | 3 on the bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen.  (Small
     | air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only
     | affect gas samples.)
   4 | Did not trip correctly.  Bottles tripped at other than
     | the intended depth were assigned a code of 4.  There may
     | be no problems with the associated water sample data.
   5 | Not reported.  No water sample data reported.  This is a
     | representative level derived from the CTD data for
     | reporting purposes.  The sample number should be in the
     | range of 80-99.
   9 | The samples were not drawn from this bottle.




















WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:
     |
   1 | The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water
     | bottle, but the results of the analysis were not (yet)
     | received.
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | station profile or adjacent station comparisons (or
     | possibly CTD data comparisons).  No notes from the
     | analyst indicated a problem.  The data could be
     | acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The data did not fit the station
     | profile, adjacent stations or CTD data.  There were
     | analytical notes indicating a problem, but data values
     | were reported.  Sampling and analytical errors were also
     | coded as 4.
   5 | Not reported.  There should always be a reason
     | associated with a code of 5, usually that the sample was
     | lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
   9 | The sample for this measurement was not drawn.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity)
parameter as follows:
     |
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.  The data did not fit the
     | bottle data, or there was a CTD conductivity calibration
     | shift during the up-cast.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD up-cast data were determined
     | to be unusable for calculating a salinity.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2)
parameter as follows:
     |
   2 | Acceptable measurement.
   3 | Questionable measurement.
   4 | Bad measurement.  The CTD data were determined to be
     | unusable for calculating a dissolved oxygen
     | concentration.
   5 | Not reported.  The CTD data could not be reported,
     | typically when CTD salinity is coded 3 or 4.
   7 | Despiked.  The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate
     | a spike or offset.
   9 | Not sampled.  No operational CTD O2 sensor was present
     | on this cast.


Note that all CTDOXY values were derived from the down-cast pressure-series
CTD data.  CTD data were matched to the up-cast bottle data along isopycnal
surfaces.  If the CTD salinity was footnoted as bad or questionable, the
CTD O2 was not reported.

























Table 1.9.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each
WHP sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property:


+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                    Rosette Samples Stations 148-277                     |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              Reported                  WHP Quality Codes                |
|              levels       1        2     3      4      5      7      9  |
+------------++----------+------------------------------------------------+
| Bottle     ||  4526    |  0     4511    13      1      0      0      1  |
| CTD Salt   ||  4526    |  0     4464    21     25      0     16      0  |
| CTD Oxy    ||  4480    |  0     4314   120     14     46     32      0  |
| Salinity   ||  4515    |  0     4391   103     21      1      0     10  |
| Oxygen     ||  4500    |  0     4454    28     18      7      0     19  |
| Silicate   ||  4502    |  0     4484     6     12      3      0     21  |
| Nitrate    ||  4504    |  0     4484     8     12      1      0     21  |
| Nitrite    ||  4504    |  0     4491     1     12      1      0     21  |
| Phosphate  ||  4504    |  0     4476    16     12      1      0     21  |
+------------++----------+------------------------------------------------+
          Table 1.9.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments.


Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are
presented in Appendix D.

During shipboard data quality evaluation, the data were compared with the
GEOSECS Indian Ocean data.

1.10.  Pressure and Temperatures

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the
rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at
the time the bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data
based on CTD laboratory calibrations.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of
1990.

1.11.  Salinity Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometers were used to measure
salinities.  Autosal #57-396 was used on stations 148-233, and stations
242-277.  Autosal #55-654 was used for stations 234-241.  These were
located in a temperature controlled laboratory.  The salinometers were
modified by ODF and contained interfaces for computer-aided measurement.  A
computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control functions (changing sample,
flushing) while it made continuous measurements and logged results.  The
salinometers were standardized for each group of analysis (typically one
cast, usually 36 samples) using at least one fresh vial of standard per
cast.  The salinity analyses were performed when samples had equilibrated
to laboratory temperature, usually within 8-20 hours after collection.  The
salinometer cell was flushed until successive readings met software
criteria for consistency, then two successive measurements were made and
averaged for a final result.


Sampling and Data Processing

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate
bottles, which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling.  The
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene
screw caps.  This assembly provides very low container dissolution and
sample evaporation.  Prior to collecting each sample, inserts were
inspected for proper fit and loose inserts were replaced to insure an
airtight seal.  During the first week of the expedition, the salinity
samples may not have been analyzed up to 36 hours after collection.  This
did not appear to have an adverse effect on the data.  The draw time,
equilibration time, per-sample analysis time, and laboratory temperature
were logged for all samples.








The data were added to the cruise database.  PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was
then calculated for each sample from the measured conductivity ratios.
4515 salinity measurements were made and 316 vials of standard water were
used.  The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually
better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular Standard Seawater batch
used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was fair, with the
lab temperature generally 1-2 deg.C lower than the Autosal bath
temperature.

Standards

IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-126, was used to standardize the
salinometers.

1.12.  Oxygen Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the
absorption of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light.  The samples were
titrated and the data logged by the PC control software.  Thiosulfate was
dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.  ODF
used a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique of
Carpenter [Carp65] with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but
with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately
0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/l).  Standard solutions prepared
from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals were run at the beginning of
each session of analyses, which typically included from 1 to 3 stations.
Several standards were made up during the cruise and compared to assure
that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a
weighing error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks were determined to account
for presence of oxidizing or reducing materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette
sampler was brought on board and after CFC and helium were drawn.  Nominal
125ml volume-calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with minimal
agitation, then filled via a drawing tube, and allowed to overflow for at
least 3 flask volumes.  The sample temperature was measured with a small
platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the drawing tube.  Reagents
were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering.  The flasks were shaken
twice to assure thorough dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately
after drawing, and then again after 20 minutes.  The samples were analyzed
within 4 hours of collection and the data were then merged with the cruise
database.

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and
corrected to 20 deg.C.  The 20 deg.C normalities and the blanks were
plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems.  New
thiosulfate normalities were recalculated after the blanks had been
smoothed.  These normalities were then smoothed, and the oxygen data were
recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram using the in-situ temperature.  Ideally, for whole-bottle
titrations, the conversion temperature should be the temperature of the
water issuing from the bottle spigot.  The sample temperatures were
measured at the time the samples were drawn from the bottle, but were not
used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram because the software for this calculation was not available.
Aberrant drawing temperatures provided an additional flag indicating that a
bottle may not have tripped properly.

4500 oxygen measurements were made.  No major problems were encountered
with the analyses.  The auto-titrator generally performed very well.









Calibration

Oxygen flasks were calibrated gravimetrically with degassed deionized water
(DIW) to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory.  This is
done once before using flasks for the first time and periodically
thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected.  All volumetric
glassware used in preparing standards were calibrated, as was the 10 ml
Dosimat buret used to dispense standard iodate solution.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability of the laboratory used for the analyses was poor,
varying from 22 to 28 deg.C over short time scales.  Portable fans were
used to assist in maintaining some temperature stability.

Standards

Iodate standards were pre-weighed in ODF's chemistry laboratory to a
nominal weight of 0.44xx grams.  The exact normality was calculated at sea
after the volumetric flask volume and dilution temperature were known.
Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co.  and was
reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.  All other reagents are
"reagent grade" and are tested for levels of oxidizing and reducing
impurities prior to use.

1.13.  Nutrient Analysis

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed
on an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within
one hour after sample collection.  Occasionally some samples were
refrigerated at 2 to 6 deg.C for a maximum of 4 hours.  The methods used
are described by Gordon et al. [Gord92], Hager et al. [Hage72], Atlas et
al. [Atla71].  The analog outputs from each of the four channels were
digitized and logged automatically by computer (PC).  The raw file was then
processed to produce another file of absorbances, response factors and
baseline values.

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67].  An
acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to
produce silicomolybdic acid which was then reduced to silicomolybdous acid
(a blue compound) following the addition of stannous chloride.  Tartaric
acid was also added to impede PO4 color development.  The sample was passed
through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 820nm.  ODF's
methodology is known to be non-linear at high silicate concentrations (>120
uM); a correction for this non-linearity is applied through ODF's software.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] procedure was used for the
analysis of nitrate and nitrite.  For the nitrate analysis, the seawater
sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where nitrate was
quantitively reduced to nitrite.  Sulfanilamide was introduced to the
sample stream followed by N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride
which coupled to form a red azo dye.  The stream was then passed through a
15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 540nm.  The same technique was
employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column was not present,
and a 50mm flowcell was used for measurement.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms
[Bern67] technique.  An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to
the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to
phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of
dihydrazine sulfate.  The reaction product was heated to ~55 deg.C to
enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and the
absorbance measured at 820m.

Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45ml polypropylene, narrow mouth, screw-
capped centrifuge tubes.  The tubes were cleaned with 10% HCl and rinsed
with sample three times before filling.  Standardizations were performed at
the beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically one cast,
usually 36 samples) with an intermediate concentration mixed nutrient
standard prepared prior to each run from a secondary standard in a low-






nutrient seawater matrix.  The secondary standards were prepared aboard
ship by dilution from dry, pre-weighed primary standards.  Sets of 5-6
different standard concentrations were analyzed periodically to determine
the deviation from linearity as a function of concentration for each
nutrient.

4504 nutrient samples were analyzed.  Each computer absorbance reading was
checked for accuracy against a strip chart recorded value.  The data were
then added to the cruise database.  No major problems were encountered with
the measurements.  The pump tubing was changed once.  An aliquot of stored,
large volume deep seawater was run with each set of samples as a
substandard.  The efficiency of the cadmium column used for nitrate
reduction was monitored throughout the cruise and ranged from 99.8-100.0%.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm
pressure, in-situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 25
deg.C.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability of the laboratory used for the analyses was poor,
varying from 22 to 28 deg.C over short time scales.  Portable fans were
used to assist in maintaining some temperature stability.

Standards

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Fluka Chemical
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be >98%
pure.  Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate
(KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier
reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.
















































References

Arms67.
     Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The
     measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means
     of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea
     Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967).

Atla71.
     Atlas, E. L., Hager, S. W., Gordon, L. I., and Park, P. K., "A
     Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer(R) in Seawater
     Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, p.
     49, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography (1971).

Bern67.
     Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low
     level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the
     AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).

Brow78.
     Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity,
     temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23,
     Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978).

Carp65.
     Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the
     Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp.
     141-143 (1965).

Cart80.
     Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction
     Tables (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service,
     Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8
     5UB. U.K. (1980).

Culb91.
     Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and
     Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of
     dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Office (Aug 1991).

Gord92.
     Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A
     suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater
     Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean
     Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr.
     Chem Oc. (1992).

Hage72.
     Hager, S. W., Atlas, E. L., Gordon, L. D., Mantyla, A. W., and Park,
     P. K., "A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of
     phosphate, nitrate, and silicate," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.
     931-937 (1972).

Joyc94.
     Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic
     Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91,
     pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA
     (May 1994, Rev. 2). UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT.

Mant87.
     Mantyla, A. W., "Standard Seawater Comparisons Updated," Journal of
     Physical Oceanography, 17.4, p. 547 (1987).

Mant97.
     Mantyla, A. W. (1997). Private communication.

Mill82.
     Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques
     at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference
     and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982).

Owen85.
     Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen






     calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985).

UNES81.
     UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical
     Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.
     37, p. 144 (1981).










































































                                Appendix A


     WOCE95-I9N:  CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary

            PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response       corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time (secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

148/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93477e-03  0.02058
149/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93450e-03  0.01962
150/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93422e-03  0.01790
151/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93394e-03  0.01772
152/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93366e-03  0.01755
153/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93339e-03  0.01737
154/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93311e-03  0.01719
155/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93283e-03  0.01702
156/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93255e-03  0.01684
157/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93228e-03  0.01667

158/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93200e-03  0.01649
159/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93172e-03  0.01632
160/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93144e-03  0.01614
161/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93117e-03  0.01596
162/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93089e-03  0.01579
163/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93061e-03  0.01561
164/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93033e-03  0.01544
165/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.93006e-03  0.01526
166/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92978e-03  0.01508
167/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92950e-03  0.01491

168/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92923e-03  0.01475
169/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92895e-03  0.01475
170/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92867e-03  0.01475
171/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92839e-03  0.01475
172/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92812e-03  0.01475
173/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92784e-03  0.01475
174/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92756e-03  0.01475
175/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92728e-03  0.01475
176/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92701e-03  0.01475
177/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92673e-03  0.01475

178/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92645e-03  0.01475
179/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92617e-03  0.01475
180/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92590e-03  0.01475
181/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92562e-03  0.01475
182/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92534e-03  0.01475
183/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92507e-03  0.01475
184/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92479e-03  0.01475
185/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92451e-03  0.01475
186/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92423e-03  0.01475
187/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92396e-03  0.01475

188/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92368e-03  0.01475
189/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92340e-03  0.01475
190/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92312e-03  0.01475
191/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92285e-03  0.01475
192/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92257e-03  0.01475
193/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92229e-03  0.01483
194/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92201e-03  0.01494
195/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92174e-03  0.01505
196/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92146e-03  0.01516
197/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92118e-03  0.01528

198/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92090e-03  0.01539
199/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92063e-03  0.01550
200/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92035e-03  0.01561
201/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.92007e-03  0.01573
202/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91980e-03  0.01584
203/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91952e-03  0.01780
204/02      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91924e-03  0.02043
205/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91896e-03  0.01124
206/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91869e-03  0.01124







            PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response       corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time (secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

207/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91841e-03  0.01124

208/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91813e-03  0.01124
209/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91785e-03  0.01124
210/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91758e-03  0.01124
211/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91730e-03  0.01124
212/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91702e-03  0.01124
213/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91674e-03  0.01124
214/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91647e-03  0.01124
215/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91619e-03  0.01124
216/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91591e-03  0.01124
217/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91564e-03  0.01124

218/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91536e-03  0.01124
219/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91508e-03  0.01124
220/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91480e-03  0.01124
221/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91453e-03  0.01117
222/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91425e-03  0.01137
223/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91397e-03  0.01158
224/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91369e-03  0.01178
225/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91342e-03  0.01198
226/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91314e-03  0.01218
227/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91286e-03  0.01438

228/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91258e-03  0.01258
229/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91231e-03  0.01278
230/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91203e-03  0.01298
231/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91175e-03  0.01318
232/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91147e-03  0.01438
233/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91120e-03  0.01358
234/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91092e-03  0.01378
235/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91064e-03  0.01387
236/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91037e-03  0.01400
237/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.91009e-03  0.01412

238/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90981e-03  0.01425
239/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90953e-03  0.01487
240/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90926e-03  0.01449
241/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90898e-03  0.01462
242/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90870e-03  0.01474
243/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90842e-03  0.01487
244/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90815e-03  0.01399
245/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90787e-03  0.01512
246/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90759e-03  0.01524
247/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90731e-03  0.01537

248/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90704e-03  0.01549
249/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90676e-03  0.01561
250/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90648e-03  0.01574
251/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90621e-03  0.01586
252/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90593e-03  0.01599
253/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90565e-03  0.01411
254/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90537e-03  0.01424
255/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90510e-03  0.01436
256/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90482e-03  0.01548
257/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90454e-03  0.00914

258/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90426e-03  0.00914
259/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90399e-03  0.00914
260/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90371e-03  0.00914
261/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90343e-03  0.00914
262/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90315e-03  0.00914
263/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90288e-03  0.01014
264/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90260e-03  0.00914
265/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90232e-03  0.00914
266/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90205e-03  0.00914
267/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90177e-03  0.00914

268/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90149e-03  0.00964







            PRT      ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients       Conductivity Coefficients
 Sta/    Response       corT = t2*T**2 + t1*T + t0         corC = c2*C**2 + c1*C + c0
 Cast   Time (secs)      t2          t1         t0         c2            c1         c0

269/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90121e-03  0.00864
270/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90094e-03  0.00864
271/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90066e-03  0.00864
272/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90038e-03  0.00864
273/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.90010e-03  0.00864
274/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.89983e-03  0.00864
275/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.89955e-03  0.00864
276/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.89927e-03  0.00864
277/01      .34      1.9889e-05  -6.2817e-04  -1.4986  1.14690e-05  -1.89899e-03  0.00914



































































                                Appendix B


              Summary of WOCE95-I9N CTD Oxygen Time Constants

           +--------------------------+----------+-------------+
           |       Temperature        | Pressure | O2 Gradient |
           |Fast(TauTf) | Slow(TauTs) |  (Taup)  |   (Tauog)   |
           +------------+-------------+----------+-------------+
           |    1.0     |    400.0    |   24.0   |    16.0     |
           +------------+-------------+----------+-------------+



        WOCE95-I9N: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
                        (refer to Equation 1.7.4.0)

 Sta/     OcSlope       Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

148/01  9.11927e-04  -2.29801e-02   1.74632e-04  -1.73012e-02  -1.96968e-02   1.46147e-06
149/01  9.14971e-04  -4.10864e-02   1.81432e-04   3.97696e-03  -3.29264e-02   1.33144e-06
150/01  9.31326e-04   7.84748e-02   4.40621e-06   5.61992e-03  -3.51088e-02   5.41869e-06
151/01  9.82442e-04   1.70562e-02   7.55370e-05   5.67720e-03  -3.62848e-02   2.72207e-06
152/01  8.25653e-04  -8.95170e-04   1.86894e-04   8.95990e-03  -2.96020e-02  -1.30375e-06
153/01  8.77644e-04  -1.48898e-02   1.77272e-04  -1.52134e-03  -2.53956e-02   2.27805e-06
154/01  1.00876e-03  -4.44606e-02   1.57094e-04   7.56508e-04  -3.45085e-02  -4.89802e-07
155/01  8.86435e-04   1.04957e-03   1.57043e-04   5.22326e-03  -3.04964e-02  -5.85379e-06
156/01  9.54253e-04  -2.40973e-02   1.58948e-04   1.08534e-02  -3.78468e-02   2.57903e-07
157/01  9.65631e-04  -3.05481e-02   1.61577e-04   1.01513e-02  -3.81012e-02   1.41220e-05

158/01  1.01502e-03  -5.01214e-02   1.65359e-04   6.28942e-04  -3.29887e-02  -4.56159e-06
159/01  9.85583e-04  -4.05060e-02   1.64952e-04   7.08611e-03  -3.48243e-02  -5.28758e-06
160/01  1.02508e-03  -6.10405e-02   1.71143e-04   6.92323e-03  -3.57833e-02   1.79262e-06
161/01  1.00427e-03  -4.85086e-02   1.66905e-04   1.49469e-03  -3.34657e-02   3.89649e-06
162/01  1.02495e-03  -5.87221e-02   1.69616e-04   2.66756e-03  -3.43776e-02   1.65349e-05
163/01  9.74985e-04  -4.06807e-02   1.67933e-04   5.47630e-03  -3.35926e-02   5.36352e-06
164/01  9.71015e-04  -3.19969e-02   1.63043e-04   4.00451e-03  -3.37972e-02   7.17177e-06
165/01  1.00133e-03  -3.71054e-02   1.60704e-04  -1.65595e-03  -3.12106e-02   2.51145e-06
166/01  1.00310e-03  -4.38049e-02   1.65159e-04   5.29592e-03  -3.56105e-02   4.41627e-06
167/01  1.00030e-03  -3.82241e-02   1.61175e-04   5.44130e-03  -3.62760e-02   8.96206e-06

168/01  1.00356e-03  -4.21551e-02   1.64253e-04  -8.37898e-04  -3.24203e-02   4.88850e-06
169/01  9.98877e-04  -3.70284e-02   1.62065e-04   2.83782e-04  -3.25476e-02   4.20027e-06
170/01  9.75204e-04  -2.55356e-02   1.59683e-04   6.27141e-04  -3.15567e-02   1.66673e-06
171/01  1.03873e-03  -5.26545e-02   1.64913e-04   1.38367e-03  -3.39052e-02   2.64451e-05
172/01  7.54675e-04   3.83187e-03   1.42202e-04  -1.30953e-03  -2.70321e-02   1.11838e-06
173/01  1.04301e-03  -4.18971e-02   1.69179e-04   2.21551e-03  -3.38035e-02   5.99304e-06
174/01  1.04413e-03  -2.85285e-02   1.62383e-04   2.23293e-03  -3.37458e-02   1.25718e-06
175/01  1.03981e-03  -2.91757e-02   1.63173e-04   6.74148e-04  -3.28478e-02   1.94933e-06
176/01  1.18079e-03  -4.11970e-02   1.53387e-04  -2.53017e-02  -6.55027e-03   9.55288e-06
177/01  1.04807e-03  -3.98070e-02   1.70223e-04   6.03697e-04  -3.15304e-02  -4.86822e-06

178/01  1.04234e-03  -3.67141e-02   1.68788e-04   3.12692e-03  -3.33993e-02  -1.31013e-06
179/01  1.07074e-03  -4.26865e-02   1.67713e-04   7.11905e-04  -3.23038e-02   7.74533e-06
180/01  1.02076e-03  -3.02578e-02   1.68483e-04   4.73099e-03  -3.29774e-02   5.61431e-06
181/01  1.03946e-03  -2.88064e-02   1.62030e-04   8.48158e-03  -3.80914e-02   6.18320e-06
182/01  1.01651e-03  -2.98643e-02   1.68640e-04   3.94705e-03  -3.36690e-02  -9.33069e-08
183/01  1.05060e-03  -4.11047e-02   1.69995e-04   4.20607e-03  -3.35601e-02   3.94007e-06
184/01  1.02665e-03  -3.23132e-02   1.70516e-04   6.84539e-03  -3.59400e-02  -3.88571e-07
185/01  1.05493e-03  -3.89554e-02   1.66930e-04   4.40536e-03  -3.59642e-02   1.99306e-06
186/01  1.23898e-03  -5.90217e-02   1.52015e-04  -2.78889e-02  -3.82630e-03  -5.92409e-06
187/01  1.12733e-03  -6.64861e-02   1.72108e-04   5.43706e-03  -3.77949e-02  -1.82576e-06

188/01  1.08873e-03  -5.45471e-02   1.72722e-04   6.24703e-03  -3.72235e-02   6.02920e-08
189/01  1.11425e-03  -5.74752e-02   1.67226e-04   1.40528e-03  -3.56748e-02  -6.14964e-07
190/01  1.12279e-03  -6.32736e-02   1.70180e-04   5.91147e-03  -3.76891e-02  -1.16006e-08
191/01  1.09347e-03  -4.83485e-02   1.66397e-04   7.62956e-03  -3.80097e-02   2.31591e-06
192/01  1.12512e-03  -6.57668e-02   1.73029e-04   4.52347e-03  -3.89392e-02   2.54742e-06
193/01  1.11488e-03  -6.00329e-02   1.70162e-04   6.58714e-03  -3.83562e-02   5.51537e-06
194/01  1.11077e-03  -5.81479e-02   1.68982e-04   8.17683e-03  -3.95103e-02   6.95073e-06
195/01  1.13599e-03  -6.90844e-02   1.73294e-04   7.44809e-03  -3.93478e-02   5.83111e-06
196/01  1.15490e-03  -6.79764e-02   1.65596e-04   7.23546e-03  -4.04938e-02   5.70367e-06







 Sta/     OcSlope       Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

197/01  1.13808e-03  -7.03255e-02   1.72513e-04   4.96848e-03  -3.72943e-02   3.78347e-06

198/01  1.11404e-03  -5.59720e-02   1.66507e-04   6.86731e-03  -3.75738e-02   2.22356e-07
199/01  1.19614e-03  -4.25689e-02   1.43545e-04  -2.10805e-02  -9.04812e-03   6.85343e-07
200/01  1.11256e-03  -5.94718e-02   1.66610e-04   1.02933e-02  -4.24163e-02  -2.41055e-06
201/01  1.12757e-03  -5.96878e-02   1.66154e-04   1.09562e-02  -4.41700e-02   7.38849e-06
202/01  1.12012e-03  -6.10543e-02   1.68954e-04   8.22240e-03  -3.96908e-02   3.85397e-06
203/01  1.11378e-03  -5.05605e-02   1.61461e-04   8.36294e-03  -4.11262e-02   5.28902e-06
204/02  1.13583e-03  -5.60195e-02   1.59011e-04   6.18453e-03  -4.17247e-02   2.44356e-06
205/01  1.17123e-03  -7.53169e-02   1.64243e-04   9.44316e-03  -4.19921e-02   1.73306e-06
206/01  1.12517e-03  -5.12890e-02   1.57257e-04   1.47761e-02  -4.64835e-02   1.00308e-06
207/01  1.12691e-03  -4.90149e-02   1.55313e-04   9.48101e-03  -4.30508e-02   4.53840e-06

208/01  1.12856e-03  -5.92388e-02   1.61206e-04   1.22106e-02  -4.47617e-02   3.45736e-06
209/01  1.11046e-03  -5.15810e-02   1.63035e-04   1.13360e-02  -4.12041e-02  -1.30658e-06
210/01  1.13539e-03  -6.09584e-02   1.62175e-04   9.00149e-03  -4.10287e-02  -1.01782e-06
211/01  1.13403e-03  -5.71487e-02   1.59529e-04   1.07880e-02  -4.50508e-02   4.44817e-06
212/01  1.09586e-03  -4.49403e-02   1.58859e-04   5.60466e-03  -4.15870e-02   5.22007e-06
213/01  1.10378e-03  -5.92408e-02   1.66803e-04   7.77119e-03  -3.95080e-02   1.39849e-06
214/01  1.15637e-03  -6.55840e-02   1.59297e-04   1.31523e-02  -4.64082e-02  -1.98152e-06
215/01  1.09057e-03  -5.85376e-02   1.70329e-04   1.08678e-02  -4.35382e-02   2.69826e-06
216/01  1.15913e-03  -7.86671e-02   1.67341e-04   9.69318e-03  -4.21259e-02   5.59094e-06
217/01  1.11966e-03  -6.39118e-02   1.67005e-04   1.21232e-02  -4.21036e-02   5.45694e-06

218/01  1.18082e-03  -7.69866e-02   1.61370e-04   1.45467e-02  -4.80539e-02   5.96037e-06
219/01  1.16278e-03  -8.08468e-02   1.67760e-04   8.90886e-03  -4.34292e-02   3.77903e-06
220/01  1.16991e-03  -8.16460e-02   1.67251e-04   7.44303e-03  -4.14253e-02   7.33262e-06
221/01  1.18909e-03  -7.98790e-02   1.60772e-04   1.59671e-02  -4.97064e-02  -3.18768e-08
222/01  1.11989e-03  -6.36719e-02   1.65851e-04   1.29836e-02  -4.38072e-02   7.02874e-06
223/01  1.17801e-03  -7.44735e-02   1.57001e-04   2.12787e-02  -5.51366e-02   2.61576e-07
224/01  1.19732e-03  -6.89931e-02   1.51132e-04   2.61351e-02  -6.03310e-02  -3.61869e-07
225/01  1.08992e-03  -3.99263e-02   1.54668e-04   2.70161e-02  -5.86768e-02   1.31277e-06
226/01  9.80895e-04   6.50799e-04   1.52395e-04   1.63486e-02  -5.42531e-02   2.27881e-06
227/01  9.60978e-04   1.77470e-02   1.39465e-04   5.18611e-02  -8.14877e-02  -4.63994e-06

228/01  1.20108e-03  -6.79837e-02   1.47989e-04   2.62835e-02  -6.05943e-02  -3.78054e-06
229/01  1.21351e-03  -4.44798e-02   1.25118e-04   3.51147e-02  -7.15140e-02   1.93690e-05
230/01  1.26431e-03  -6.17236e-02   1.27961e-04   2.69368e-02  -6.54635e-02   7.01517e-06
231/01  1.09407e-03  -2.02147e-02   1.38746e-04   3.22331e-02  -6.67539e-02  -3.97057e-06
232/01  1.25143e-03  -8.01240e-02   1.46147e-04   2.60653e-02  -6.18513e-02  -8.17608e-07
233/01  1.14728e-03  -5.58187e-02   1.55097e-04   1.04884e-02  -4.46040e-02   1.00201e-05
234/01  1.14633e-03  -3.07909e-02   1.33049e-04   3.95393e-02  -7.35765e-02   4.61224e-07
235/01  1.33793e-03  -6.52307e-02   1.13150e-04   3.94267e-02  -7.97038e-02  -6.17618e-07
236/01  1.47325e-03  -1.33860e-01   1.27499e-04  -6.35725e-03  -3.60316e-02  -3.79508e-06
237/01  1.51650e-03  -1.12170e-01   1.00099e-04   2.03178e-02  -6.27645e-02  -6.11803e-06

238/01  1.46798e-03  -9.87122e-02   9.92411e-05   2.20199e-02  -6.58427e-02  -5.87529e-06
239/01  1.40826e-03  -1.38310e-01   1.52501e-04  -1.92276e-02  -2.26522e-02  -2.00872e-06
240/01  1.33410e-03  -7.00623e-02   1.12733e-04   3.19900e-02  -7.24993e-02  -2.91428e-06
241/01  1.43050e-03  -6.58762e-02   8.26797e-05   3.97921e-02  -8.15176e-02  -4.91760e-06
242/01  1.62225e-03  -6.27955e-02   3.42768e-05   6.59420e-02  -1.13825e-01   1.94743e-06
243/01  1.67350e-03  -7.27344e-02   2.06158e-05   6.66049e-02  -1.15481e-01  -6.89181e-06
244/01  2.42991e-03  -2.15267e-02  -1.34557e-04   1.27791e-01  -1.89175e-01  -3.09449e-06
245/01  2.89870e-03   8.73026e-02  -2.28647e-04   1.82876e-01  -2.52912e-01   1.00322e-05
246/01  3.18644e-03   8.59013e-02  -2.64003e-04   1.80488e-01  -2.54513e-01  -2.90732e-05
247/01  2.84515e-03  -1.56906e-02  -2.02210e-04   1.52873e-01  -2.21291e-01  -2.65303e-05

248/01  1.36483e-03  -5.03892e-02   7.96459e-05   3.29244e-02  -7.31493e-02  -3.52012e-06
249/01  2.77584e-03  -9.36310e-02  -1.67331e-04   1.02756e-01  -1.73308e-01   4.37860e-06
250/01  3.16439e-03  -1.30999e-01  -2.19085e-04   6.25052e-02  -1.45979e-01  -7.57190e-06
251/01  5.22379e-03  -3.49163e-01  -4.29213e-04   8.93951e-02  -1.82264e-01  -1.69492e-06
252/01  7.62959e-01  -7.58400e+01   1.02146e-03   1.80341e-01  -4.71492e-01   2.65426e-05
253/01  3.19453e-01  -2.41377e+01  -2.80398e-03   1.00382e-01  -3.55446e-01  -1.27580e-05
254/01  2.53122e-03  -1.45154e-01  -1.28248e-04   6.40622e-02  -1.28582e-01  -8.39041e-07
255/01  4.43544e-03  -1.71322e-01  -3.32683e-04   1.38992e-01  -2.28814e-01  -4.13344e-06
256/01  3.43816e-03  -1.76727e-01  -2.24257e-04   1.12250e-01  -1.88690e-01  -2.83180e-05
257/01  1.25041e-03  -4.23225e-02   6.89444e-05  -1.78069e-02  -1.67584e-02   4.52048e-06

258/01  1.24596e-03  -2.87982e-02   7.91915e-05   1.11819e-02  -4.59493e-02   3.28441e-06
259/01  1.05038e-03  -1.32314e-02   1.35675e-04  -1.24511e-03  -2.68571e-02   4.41027e-06







 Sta/     OcSlope       Offset       Plcoeff       Tfcoeff       Tscoeff     dOc/dtcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)          (c3)          (c4)          (c5)          (c6)

260/01  9.22738e-04   4.04005e-03   1.70339e-04   4.65571e-03  -2.87634e-02   4.49780e-06
261/01  1.53675e-03   9.26790e-02  -3.79330e-05   1.37195e-01  -1.85546e-01  -2.38595e-06
262/01  1.27093e-03  -4.57900e-02   1.11467e-04   4.09678e-02  -7.92960e-02   1.54199e-06
263/01  1.06703e-03  -5.68502e-02   1.82442e-04   4.32508e-03  -3.42475e-02   1.79214e-06
264/01  1.18450e-03  -2.28613e-02   1.13405e-04   5.49000e-02  -9.09836e-02  -1.53481e-06
265/01  1.21233e-03  -7.15279e-02   1.49795e-04   1.62039e-02  -5.26190e-02   2.12134e-06
266/01  1.03962e-03   2.58721e-02   1.13630e-04   7.55418e-02  -1.04952e-01  -2.84792e-06
267/01  1.11729e-03  -2.37735e-02   1.32728e-04  -1.84067e-02  -1.23646e-02  -1.03646e-06

268/01  1.13193e-03  -2.98568e-02   1.34374e-04  -2.87702e-02  -2.36112e-03  -2.94637e-06
269/01  1.15537e-03   5.35162e-03   1.00391e-04   6.83713e-02  -1.03836e-01  -5.36562e-06
270/01  1.10045e-03   1.67994e-03   1.17593e-04   5.60380e-02  -9.07081e-02   3.68581e-06
271/01  1.15355e-03  -3.67320e-02   1.38269e-04   3.68645e-02  -7.23864e-02   4.94594e-07
272/01  1.18648e-03  -3.65884e-02   1.28310e-04   3.98807e-02  -7.65746e-02   7.50245e-07
273/01  1.12880e-03  -4.03006e-02   1.46722e-04   3.16299e-02  -6.67467e-02  -2.18445e-06
274/01  1.03750e-03   1.28896e-02   1.24413e-04   6.20629e-02  -9.58904e-02   1.65100e-06
275/01  1.11239e-03  -3.98972e-02   1.52066e-04   1.78523e-02  -5.15647e-02   6.15196e-07
276/01  1.12549e-03  -6.44362e-02   1.68704e-04   1.04945e-02  -4.34376e-02  -3.08353e-06
277/01  1.16682e-03  -3.82597e-02   1.39517e-04  -2.05211e-02  -8.27572e-03  -4.12373e-06


























































                                Appendix C


            WOCE95-I9N:  CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments

       +-----------------------------------------------------------+
       |           Key to Problem/Comment Abbreviations            |
       +---+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |CO | conductivity offset                                   |
       |DG | density gradient in top 10db, data consistent/smooth  |
       |   | in time-series CTD; possibly real                     |
       |DI | density inversion in top 10db, data consistent/smooth |
       |   | in time-series CTD; possibly real                     |
       |OB | bottom ctdoxy signal drop coincides with slowdown for |
       |   | bottom approach                                       |
       |OD | up-cast, deep/bottom ctdoxy drifts high, won't fit    |
       |   | correctly                                             |
       |OH | ctdoxy fit high near surface: high raw ctdoxy signal  |
       |OL | ctdoxy fit low near surface: either slow cast start   |
       |   | or low ctdoxy signal                                  |
       |OM | ctdoxy fits high in minimum o2 area                   |
       |ON | ctdoxy signal unusually noisy                         |
       |OS | raw ctdoxy signal shifts                              |
       |SS | probable sea slime on conductivity sensor             |
       |WS | winch stopped to check possible winch problem;        |
       |   | potential shift in ctdoxy signal                      |
       |XD | transmissometer signal drop/nephels layer at bottom,  |
       |   | may correspond with ctdoxy feature                    |
       +---+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |           Key to Solution/Action Abbreviations            |
       +---+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |DO | despiked raw ctdoxy, despiked data ok unless          |
       |   | otherwise indicated                                   |
       |DS | despiked salinity, changed temperature and/or         |
       |   | conductivity - see .ctd file codes                    |
       |NA | no action taken, used default quality code 2          |
       |NR | cast not processed, not reported with final data      |
       |O3 | quality code 3 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures      |
       |   | specified                                             |
       |O4 | quality code 4 oxygen in .ctd file for pressures      |
       |   | specified                                             |
       |RO | offset raw ctdoxy data to account for signal drop     |
       |   | caused by slowdown/stop/yoyo; usually DO in           |
       |   | transition area above offset                          |
       |UP | used up-cast data for final pressure-series data      |
       +---+-------------------------------------------------------+



  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  | 148/01 |OB                           |RO +2 5070-5226db; RO +5      |
  |        |                             |5228-5302db/btm               |
  | 149/01 |OB                           |RO +2 4808-4938db/btm         |
  |        |PRT1-PRT2 = -0.04,           |switch to PRT2/FSI-1322       |
  |        |PRT2/FSI-1319 flooded        |after cast                    |
  | 150/01 |DI/-0.015 0-6db; OB          |NA; RO +3 1458-1502db/btm     |
  | 151/01 |WS/1 min. at 1594db          |NA                            |
  | 152/01 |DI/-0.021 0-6db              |NA                            |
  | 156/01 |deepest 4 bottle oxys        |ctdoxy ok, see bottle codes   |
  |        |disagree, 3848-4390db        |                              |
  | 157/01 |starting this cast, increase |                              |
  |        |speed through down-cast      |                              |
  |        |thermocline to decrease      |                              |
  |        |shiproll effects             |                              |
  | 158/01 |DI/-0.025 0-6db              |NA                            |
  | 159/01 |DI/-0.021 0-6db              |NA                            |
  | 160/01 |OB                           |RO +1 5250-5328db/btm         |
  | 161/01 |DI/-0.020 0-6db              |NA                            |
  | 162/01 |OL                           |DO/O3 0-14db                  |
  | 163/01 |OB                           |RO +1 5088-5258db/btm         |
  | 164/01 |OB                           |RO +1 5158-5166db/btm         |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+






  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  | 165/01 |WS/3+ mins. at 2056db to     |Re-digitize/re-average data   |
  |        |change deck units; frame-    |after cast; DO 2054-2148db    |
  |        |synch errors; OS             |                              |
  | 166/01 |OB                           |RO +1 5232-5256db/btm         |
  | 167/01 |OB                           |RO +1 5174-5266db/btm         |
  | 169/01 |low ctdoxy feature           |NA/also on up-cast            |
  |        |976-1054db                   |                              |
  |        |ON/signal spikes+cutouts     |DO 2000-2020db                |
  | 170/01 |ON/signal spikes+cutouts     |DO 1644-2242db                |
  | 171/01 |OL; OB                       |DO/O3 0-20db; RO +1           |
  |        |                             |5312-5448db/btm               |
  | 172/01 |change to ctdoxy sensor      |repair 3-3-10, bubbles in     |
  |        |3-11-32                      |sensor housing oil?           |
  |        |raw ctdoxy segment shifts    |O3 1094-1174db                |
  |        |up, not seen on up-cast      |                              |
  |        |WS/14.5 mins. at 4118db to   |O4 4108-5634db; replace o2    |
  |        |inspect broken strand on     |sensor after cast             |
  |        |wire; yoyo 4118-4102db; raw  |                              |
  |        |ctdoxy signal goes crazy     |                              |
  |        |thru end of down-cast; up-   |                              |
  |        |cast ctdoxy noisy/unusable   |                              |
  | 173/01 |back to orig. ctdoxy sensor  |                              |
  |        |3-3-10                       |                              |
  |        |WS/2 mins. at 4106db         |NA                            |
  | 174/01 |WS/1 min. at 4094db          |NA                            |
  | 175/01 |WS/4 mins. at 4096db         |NA                            |
  | 176/01 |SS/CO 5820db down-cast until |UP                            |
  |        |5m above bottom              |                              |
  |        |WS/1 min. at 4050db; OD      |NA; O3 5402-5700db, O4        |
  |        |                             |5702-6100db                   |
  | 177/01 |WS/0.5 min. at 4093db        |NA                            |
  | 178/01 |WS/3.5 mins. at 4092db       |NA                            |
  | 179/01 |WS/1.5 mins. at 4108db       |NA                            |
  | 180/01 |DG/+0.24 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |WS/1 min. at 4106db; OB      |NA; RO +1 5386-5506db/btm     |
  | 181/01 |SS/CO -0.035 PSU drop in     |DS 2922-2936db                |
  |        |salinity                     |                              |
  |        |WS/6 mins. at 4097db, OS; OB |RO +3 4094-5348db; RO +4      |
  |        |                             |5350-5450db/btm               |
  | 182/01 |WS/4.5 mins. at 4094db, OS   |RO +2 4088-4196db/btm         |
  | 183/01 |WS/1.5 mins. at 4086db       |NA                            |
  |        |OB?                          |O3 4518-4660db/may be         |
  |        |                             |slowdown drop, may be real    |
  | 184/01 |WS/1 min. at 4090db, OS      |RO +2 4088-4304db/btm         |
  | 185/01 |WS/1.5 mins. at 4071db, OS;  |RO +1 4066-5274db; RO +2      |
  |        |OB                           |5276-5368db/btm               |
  | 186/01 |SS/3180-3300db down-cast;    |UP/SS segment too long to     |
  |        |yoyo cleared off foreign     |despike                       |
  |        |matter                       |                              |
  |        |WS/1.5 min. at 4106db; OD    |NA; O3 4800-5098db, O4        |
  |        |                             |5100-5484db                   |
  | 187/01 |WS/6.5 mins. at 4083db, OS   |RO +2 4082-5176db             |
  |        |OB; ctdoxy fits low ~5300db- |RO +3 5178-5368db/btm; O3     |
  |        |bottom                       |5294-5368db                   |
  | 188/01 |DI/-0.015 0-8db              |NA                            |
  |        |WS/0.5 min. at 4096db; OB    |NA; RO +2 5140-5296db/btm     |
  | 189/01 |WS/4 mins. at 4094db, OS     |RO +2 4090-5332db/btm         |
  | 190/01 |WS/7.5 mins. at 4086db, OS;  |RO +2 4082-5372db; RO +3      |
  |        |OB                           |5374-5470db/btm               |
  | 191/01 |DI/-0.017 0-4db              |NA                            |
  |        |WS/1.5 mins. at 4092db; OB   |NA; RO +1.5 5074-5202db/btm   |
  |        |ctdoxy drops near bottom     |DO/ok-within .02 ml/l         |
  |        |                             |5146-5202db                   |
  | 192/01 |WS/5 mins. at 4086db         |RO +3 4082-4100db             |
  |        |OB/yoyo 4948-4922db, winch   |RO +3 4936-5102db/btm; small  |
  |        |went wrong way 200m above    |ctdoxy discontinuity remains  |
  |        |bottom                       |                              |
  | 193/01 |DG/+0.40 0-10db; WS/1 min.   |NA; DO                        |
  |        |at 4092db                    |                              |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+







  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  | 194/01 |DG/+0.29 0-10db; WS/0.5 min. |NA; DO                        |
  |        |at 4065db                    |                              |
  | 195/01 |DG/+0.21 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |WS/1.5 mins. at 4096db; OB   |NA; RO +1.5 5088-5210db/btm   |
  | 196/01 |DG/+0.29 0-10db; WS/5 mins.  |NA; RO +2 4088-5142db/btm     |
  |        |at 4090db, OS                |                              |
  | 197/01 |FSI-OPM#1326 replaces PRT2   |                              |
  |        |prior to cast                |                              |
  |        |WS/0.5 mins. at 4095db; OB   |NA; RO +1 5080-5086db/btm     |
  | 198/01 |WS/4.5 mins. at 4096db ,OS   |RO +2 4080-5004db/btm         |
  | 199/01 |SS/CO 3150-3930db down-cast  |UP                            |
  |        |OD/WS                        |O3 3106-3364db                |
  |        |WS/4.5 mins. at 4086db; OD   |DO; O3 4596-4958db            |
  | 200/01 |FSI-1319 replaces PRT2 prior |                              |
  |        |to cast                      |                              |
  |        |DI/-0.016 0-6db; WS/6 mins.  |NA; RO +2 4086-4914db/btm     |
  |        |at 4090db, OS                |                              |
  | 201/01 |OL; WS/1 min. at 4087db      |DO/O3 0-22db; DO              |
  | 202/01 |WS/2 mins. at 4094db         |RO +1 4094-4116db             |
  | 203/01 |yoyo 204-2.5db/just under    |start pressure-sequencing     |
  |        |surface, console never       |from top of yoyo/2db          |
  |        |initiated correctly          |                              |
  |        |WS/1 min. at 4085db; OB      |DO; RO +2 4740-4824db/btm     |
  | 204/01 |FSI-1320 replaces PRT2 prior |NR/ABORT cast, find/fix       |
  |        |to cast; CTD signal died,    |problem                       |
  |        |voltage dropped 20 units as  |                              |
  |        |pkg entered water            |                              |
  | 204/02 |FSI-1322 replaces PRT2 prior |NA                            |
  |        |to cast; signal ok now       |                              |
  |        |WS/1.5 mins. at 4094db, OS   |RO +2 4094-4794db/btm         |
  | 205/01 |deep/small jumps in CTD      |swabbed cond. sensor          |
  |        |salinity in last 2 casts     |w/dist.water prior to cast    |
  |        |WS/4.5 mins. at 4071db, OS   |RO +2 4046-4068db, RO +3      |
  |        |                             |4070-4774db/btm               |
  | 206/01 |WS/5.5 mins. at 4096db, OS;  |RO +2 4096-4628db; RO +4      |
  |        |OB                           |4630-4728db/btm               |
  | 207/01 |WS/1.5 mins. at 4044db, OS   |RO +2 4040-4588db, DO/O3      |
  |        |                             |4006-4072db                   |
  |        |OB                           |RO +4 4590-4698db/btm         |
  | 208/01 |DG/+0.12 0-10db; DI/-0.08    |only 2-6db inversion          |
  |        |2-6db, DI/-0.033 12db        |despiked: PI says possible    |
  |        |                             |contamination from ship       |
  |        |ON/small-scale noise         |DO intermittent time-series   |
  |        |                             |levels 1900-4688db            |
  |        |WS/4 mins. at 4094db, OS     |RO +2 4092-4688db/btm         |
  | 209/01 |DI/-0.033 0-6db; WS/1 min.   |NA; DO/O3 4088-4132db         |
  |        |at 4093db                    |                              |
  | 210/01 |WS/2 mins. at 4094db, OS; OB |RO +1 4092-4540db; RO +3      |
  |        |                             |4542-4604db/btm               |
  | 211/01 |CTD Temperature pegs out at  |NA/does not affect bottle     |
  |        |up-cast surface              |trip data                     |
  |        |WS/4 mins. at 4030db, OS     |RO +3 4028-4054db, RO +2      |
  |        |                             |4056-4372db                   |
  |        |OB                           |RO +4 4374-4544db/btm         |
  | 212/01 |abort first launch attempt,  |change to starboard winch     |
  |        |rosette suspended above deck |                              |
  |        |DG/+0.28 0-10db              |NA                            |
  | 213/01 |OB?/4426-4490db              |NA/may be slowdown drop, may  |
  |        |                             |be real                       |
  | 214/01 |DI/-0.017 0-6db              |NA                            |
  |        |ctdoxy does not match        |O3 3802-4432db                |
  |        |btls/nearby casts            |                              |
  | 215/01 |DG/+0.16 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |surface bottle oxy high      |used average value from 4     |
  |        |compared to nearby casts     |nearby casts for surface      |
  |        |                             |ctdoxy fit                    |
  |        |odd ctdoxy shape             |O3 3936-4404db/may be real,   |
  |        |                             |matches bottles               |
  |        |CTD Temperature pegs out at  |NA/does not affect bottle     |
  |        |up-cast surface              |trip data                     |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+






  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  | 216/01 |DG/+0.28 0-10db              |NA                            |
  | 217/01 |OB                           |RO +2 4308-4382db/btm         |
  | 218/01 |odd ctdoxy shape             |O3 4156-4286db/may be real,   |
  |        |                             |matches bottles               |
  |        |OB                           |RO +2 4240-4340db/btm         |
  | 219/01 |DG/+0.16 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |CTD Temperature pegs out at  |NA/does not affect bottle     |
  |        |up-cast surface              |trip data                     |
  | 220/01 |DG/+0.40 0-10db              |NA                            |
  | 221/01 |OB                           |RO +3 4184-4250db/btm         |
  | 222/01 |OB                           |RO +3 4102-4206db/btm         |
  | 223/01 |DG/+0.41 0-10db              |NA                            |
  | 225/01 |OB; odd drop near bottom,    |RO +2 3870-3964db/btm;        |
  |        |3940-3964db                  |DO/ok-within .02 ml/l         |
  | 226/01 |OB                           |RO +3 3782-3796db, RO +4      |
  |        |                             |3798-3880db/btm               |
  | 227/01 |OM; ctdoxy fits low at       |O3 400-700db; O3              |
  |        |bottom; XD                   |3570-3724db; NA               |
  |        |CTD salinity offsets, bottom |despike up-cast for bottle    |
  |        |to ~2140db up; shifts back   |files only, down-cast ok      |
  |        |to meet downtrace most       |                              |
  |        |bottle stops                 |                              |
  | 228/01 |OB                           |RO +1.5 3622-3632db/btm       |
  |        |ctdoxy fits low near bottom, |DO/ok-within .02 ml/l         |
  |        |3584-3632db                  |                              |
  | 229/01 |DI/-0.018 0-4db; OB          |NA; RO +2 3194-3252db/btm     |
  | 230/01 |DG/+0.47 0-10db; OB          |NA; RO +2 3444-3526db/btm     |
  | 231/01 |DG/+0.10 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |XD, ctdoxy fits low near     |O3 3522-3616db                |
  |        |bottom                       |                              |
  | 232/01 |surface bottle oxy high      |used average value from 4     |
  |        |compared to nearby casts     |nearby casts for surface      |
  |        |                             |ctdoxy fit                    |
  |        |ctdoxy fit off compared to   |NA/CTD salinity also odd      |
  |        |bottles 0-100db; XD          |compared to bottles           |
  | 233/01 |DI/-0.020 0-6db; OM; XD      |NA; O3 130-440db; NA          |
  |        |SS/CO -0.09+ PSU drop in     |DS 330-362db                  |
  |        |salinity, WS/1.5 mins. at    |                              |
  |        |362db cleared contamination  |                              |
  | 234/01 |XD, OB                       |RO +4 3420-3498db/btm         |
  | 235/01 |DG/+0.46 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  | 236/01 |XD                           |NA                            |
  | 237/01 |DI/-0.017 0-6db; XD, OB      |NA; RO +4 3320-3326db/btm     |
  | 238/01 |OB                           |RO +3 3148-3160db; RO +6      |
  |        |                             |3162-3210db/btm               |
  | 239/01 |XD, ctdoxy fits high at      |O3 3100-3134db                |
  |        |bottom                       |                              |
  | 240/01 |DI/-0.015 0-4db              |NA                            |
  |        |XD corresponds with ctdoxy   |NA                            |
  |        |feature                      |                              |
  | 241/01 |OB                           |RO +3 2782-2876db/btm         |
  | 242/01 |ctdoxy feature corresponds   |NA 30-40db                    |
  |        |with TS feature              |                              |
  |        |OB                           |RO +2 2702-2792db/btm         |
  | 243/01 |OM; XD                       |O3 200-550db; NA              |
  | 244/01 |ctdoxy spike after fitting;  |O3 74db; RO +3                |
  |        |OB                           |2572-2582db/btm               |
  |        |XD, ctdoxy fits low compared |O3 2540-2582db/may be real    |
  |        |to bottom bottles            |                              |
  | 245/01 |DI/-0.015 0-4db              |NA                            |
  |        |odd ctdoxy shape compared to |ok/ctdoxy corresponds with    |
  |        |bottles 0-70db               |TS feature                    |
  |        |XD, OB - ctdoxy fits low     |O3 2422-2486db/part-all may   |
  |        |compared to bottom bottles   |be real                       |
  | 246/01 |OH compared to bottles,      |O3 0-2db                      |
  |        |nearby casts                 |                              |
  |        |DG/+0.21 0-10db; XD, OB?/OS  |NA; RO +2 2340-2352db         |
  | 247/01 |DG/+0.42 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  |        |OH compared to bottles,      |O3 0-8db                      |
  |        |nearby casts                 |                              |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+






  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  | 248/01 |DI/-0.017 0-4db; OM; XD      |NA; O3 60-200db; NA           |
  | 249/01 |XD, OB - odd ctdoxy shape    |O3 2184-2238db/part-all may   |
  |        |near bottom                  |be real                       |
  | 250/01 |OM; XD, OB                   |O3 80-200db; RO +2            |
  |        |                             |2048-2126db/btm               |
  | 251/01 |DG/+0.19 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |OB; ctdoxy spikes at bottom  |RO +2 1654-1690db/btm; O3     |
  |        |after fitting                |1690db                        |
  | 252/01 |DI/-0.020 0-6db; XD, OB -    |NA; O3 106-108db/part-all     |
  |        |ctdoxy drop at bottom        |may be real                   |
  | 253/01 |DG/+0.16 0-10db; DI/-0.016   |NA                            |
  |        |4db                          |                              |
  |        |SS/CO until near bottom      |offset cond. +0.0045 mmho/cm  |
  |        |                             |226-968db                     |
  | 254/01 |DG/+0.15 0-10db              |NA                            |
  |        |XD, OB; ctdoxy spikes at     |RO +2 1900-1978db/btm; O3     |
  |        |bottom after fitting         |1978db                        |
  | 255/01 |DG/+0.15 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  | 256/01 |DG/+0.24 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  | 257/01 |deep/small jumps in CTD      |swabbed cond. sensor          |
  |        |salinity last 3 casts        |w/dist.water prior to cast    |
  |        |ctdoxy signal crazy 1545db   |UP                            |
  |        |down until bottom, ok on up  |                              |
  |        |except 2 small sections      |                              |
  |        |DG/+0.22 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  |        |WS/sharp gradient, ON/ctdoxy |O3 24-28db, DO 1146-1170db    |
  |        |spikes/cutouts               |                              |
  | 258/01 |change to ctdoxy sensor      |                              |
  |        |#4-05-16 (new)               |                              |
  |        |XD, OB                       |RO +5 2464-2470db/btm         |
  | 259/01 |DI/-0.018 0-6db; OB; XD      |NA; RO +3 2532-2592db/btm;    |
  |        |                             |NA                            |
  | 260/01 |DG/+0.10 0-10db; XD          |NA                            |
  |        |ON/small-scale noise,        |DO intermittent time-series   |
  |        |increasing with pressure     |levels 1000-2704db            |
  | 261/01 |back to orig. ctdoxy sensor  |                              |
  |        |3-3-10 prior to cast         |                              |
  |        |OM; XD                       |O3 130-480db; NA              |
  | 262/01 |OM                           |O3 120-340db                  |
  | 263/01 |OM                           |O3 120-550db                  |
  | 264/01 |OM                           |O3 150-750db                  |
  | 265/01 |OM                           |O3 140-600db                  |
  | 266/01 |ctdoxy fit off compared to   |O3 0-310db                    |
  |        |bottles, surface to o2       |                              |
  |        |minimum                      |                              |
  |        |DI/-0.020 0-6db; OB; XD      |NA; RO +2 3320-3370db/btm;    |
  |        |                             |NA                            |
  | 267/01 |sm-scale deep offsetting     |UP; NA                        |
  |        |down-cast salinity; XD       |                              |
  | 268/01 |sm-scale deep offsetting     |UP; NA                        |
  |        |down-cast salinity; XD       |                              |
  | 269/01 |salinity offsetting last 2   |swabbed cond. sensor          |
  |        |casts                        |w/dist.water prior to cast    |
  |        |ctdoxy fits high compared to |O3 2200-3120db; RO +1         |
  |        |bottles; XD, OB              |3656-3660db/btm               |
  | 270/01 |DI/-0.019 0-6db              |NA                            |
  | 271/01 |DI/-0.019 0-6db; OB; XD      |NA; RO +1 3830-3842db/btm;    |
  |        |                             |NA                            |
  | 272/01 |ON/small-scale noise         |DO intermittent time-series   |
  |        |                             |levels 2250-3872db            |
  | 275/01 |WS 25/52/160mwo, shiproll    |O3 24-28db                    |
  |        |test: lower at 25m/min. srfc |                              |
  |        |to 160mwo; ctdoxy spikes     |                              |
  |        |OB                           |RO +2 4232-4236db/btm         |
  | 276/01 |DG/+0.18 0-10db; OB; XD      |NA; RO +2 4208-4292db/btm;    |
  |        |                             |NA                            |
  | 277/01 |back to port winch to check  |                              |
  |        |broken-strand section        |                              |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+








  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Cast    Problem/Comment               Solution/Action               |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+
  |        |oxy signal spiky/bad most of |UP                            |
  |        |1860-3500db down, only 2 bad |                              |
  |        |sections on up-cast          |                              |
  |        |ON/signal spikes/cutouts     |DO/O3 810-970db; DO/O3        |
  |        |                             |1132-1200db                   |
  |        |WS/3.5 mins. at 4090db; OD   |DO; O3 4226-4410db            |
  +--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------+






















































































































































                                Appendix D


                   WOCE95-I9N:  Bottle Quality Comments

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI data comments, and WOCE
codes other than 2 from WOCE I9N KN-145.6.  Investigation of data may
include comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review
of data plots of the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading
of charts (i.e., nutrients).  Comments from the Sample Logs and the results
of ODF's investigations are included in this report.  Units stated in these
comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for
salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and
micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Phosphate.  The
first number before the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus
the bottle number (BTLNBR).

STATION 148

129            Sample Log: "Leak from spigot-not seated all the way."
               Samples are acceptable.

114            Nutrients: "Silicate had an air bubble that was not caught
               until after run was complete. Could not rerun samples."
               Footnote silicate bad.  PI says data appears to be okay
               compared with GEOSECS data.  Silicate is acceptable.

113            Delta-S at 2348db is 0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

111            PI: Suspect sil high, need to compare to next station."
               Silicate is acceptable.

109            Sample Log: "Drip from bottom cap, questionable."  Samples
               were affected, salinity and oxygen are high, phosphate is
               low. Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

105            PI: Suspect O2 high, need to compare to next station."
               Oxygen is acceptable.  See 104-108 nutrient comment.

104-108        Nutrients: "Silicate had an air bubble that was not caught
               until after run was complete. Could not rerun samples."  PI
               said samples were okay.

STATION 149

135            Delta-S at 55db is -0.0258.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

117            Oxygen: "Forgot acid." Footnote sample lost.

113            Sample log: "Free flows when drain cock pushed in. Rotating
               end cap fixes it."  PO4, NO3, and O2 appear slightly high,
               salinity agrees with CTD data, but SIL appears slightly low.
               PI says data appears to be okay.

104            Delta-S at 3907db is -0.0063.  Salinity does not agree with
               Station 148.  Duplicate samples were drawn for salinity, the
               duplicate value agrees with the CTD. Footnote salinity bad,
               not within WOCE specifications. Other samples appear to be
               okay.

STATION 150

Cast 1         Sample Log: "Tritium may have been drawn last on the first
               14 bottles.  Midnight to noon watch on relieving the other
               watch discovered the error in sampling order."

112            Sample log: "Nutrients and salinity drawn before tritium."
               Delta-S at 601db is -0.0104, salinity is 34.592.  Salinity






               agrees with overlay of previous stations.  Salinity
               agreement with CTD is -0.0081, a little high but acceptable.

110            Sample log: "Out of water, partial bottle on tritium."

108            Oxygen drawer: "Possible air bubble from NaOH dispenser."
               Oxygen is slightly high, footnote questionable, it is
               usable.

107            Oxygen drawer: "Possible air bubble from NaOH dispenser."
               Oxygen is slightly high, footnote questionable, it is
               usable.

106            PI: "O2 high, check vs. CTDO."  Oxygen drawer: "Possible air
               bubble from NaOH dispenser."  PI rechecked the data,
               footnote oxygen bad, evidently there was a problem with the
               data.

STATION 151

110            PI: "O2 slightly high-but again agrees with trend."

109            Sample log: "Lanyard hung." No samples.

105            Oxygen appears high, however, CTD trace also shows a max.
               PI: "Follows property trend okay."  PI: "High in O2/SiO3.
               Somewhat high near inflections in SiO3/O2 and Sigma theta/O2
               curves.  Also high compared to Sigma Theta/O2 in 148-149.
               O2 ~0.1 high. Footnote oxygen questionable."

STATION 152

129            Sample log: "Water drains until top cap pushed."  Oxygen
               ~0.15 low compared to adjoining stations.  Other samples
               appear to be okay.  PI: "Close to 148 and 149, data
               acceptable. PI did thermal effect, difference in temperature
               (day vs night temperatures on 153)."

113            Sample log: "Vent cock not tight."  Data appears to be okay.

STATION 153

131            Sample log: "Flows freely before venting."  Data appears to
               be okay.

129            Sample log: "Flows freely before venting."  Data appears to
               be okay.

127            See 128 PO4 comments, footnote PO4 questionable.

128            PI: "PO4 high vs 154, footnote questionable."  Nutrient
               analyst rechecked data, found the peaks to be a little
               noisy.

121            Sample log: "Lanyard caught in top."  Salinity and oxygen
               high, nutrients low.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.
               PI agrees samples bad.  Delta-S at 421db is 0.0585.

105            See 104 PO4 comment. Footnote PO4 questionable.

104            PI: "PO4 high, footnote questionable."  Nutrient analyst
               rechecked data, made minor corrections, found the peaks to
               be a little noisy.  PO4 still high even after minor
               correction.

STATION 154

127            Sample log: "Leaks from bottom rim after venting."  Samples
               appear to be okay.

104-110        PO4 low, can't find any obvious analytical reason or 153
               high.  PI: "These samples are okay, Station 153 somewhat
               high."







STATION 155

136            Sample log: "Alkalinity out of order after nuts."

135            Delta-S at 26db is -0.0265.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

120            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTD Oxygen."
               O2 does appear high, but "fits" Station 154 profile.  CTD up
               profile shows a higher oxygen.  Bottle O2 is acceptable.

113            Sample log: "Flows on valve opening prior to vent-stiff vent
               probably not closed."  PI: "Oxygen and nutrients are okay."

109            Sample log: "Leak on end cap after vent."  PI: "Oxygen, nuts
               okay. O2 0.05 too high?"  Data appears to be okay.  Oxygen
               within WOCE specs of 1%.

105            Sample log: "Flows freely before venting."  Samples appear
               to be okay.

STATION 156

134            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared with CTD."  O2
               appears low compared with adjoining stations.  A low oxygen
               is difficult to explain what went wrong.  Salinity appears
               high compared with adjoining stations, but agrees with CTD.
               Other parameters also appear acceptable.

121            PI: "Low O2 check with later stations."  No complaint from
               CTDO fitting, suspect data okay.

120            PI: "Low O2 check with later stations."  No complaint from
               CTDO fitting, suspect data okay.

114            Oxygen high, does not agree with station profile, adjoining
               stations or CTDO. No analytical problems noted. Footnote
               oxygen bad.

109            Delta-S at 2949db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Delta-S at 3995db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  Oxygen appears slightly
               high on station profile and compared with CTDO.  PI:
               "Follows 148, but check with later stations."  CTDO
               Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTD."  Footnote O2
               questionable.

103            Delta-S at 4199db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2
               low or 102 and 104 high. CTDO fits through bottle even when
               it's excluded from fit."  O2 is acceptable, 102 and 104 are
               high.

102            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high or 103 low compared with
               CTD."  O2 could be high by 0.019 which is within WOCE specs.
               O2 is acceptable.

101            Oxygen: "Sample lost to program glitch on PC."

STATION 157

135            Sample log: "Free flows before venting."  Salinity, Oxygen
               and nutrients fit station profile and adjoining stations,
               salinity agrees with CTD.

126            Sample log: "Free flows before venting."  Salinity, Oxygen
               and nutrients fit station profile and adjoining stations,
               salinity agrees with CTD.






117            Oxygen high, nutrients low, salinity low, Delta-S -.1211;
               appears to be a tripping problem.  Autosal diagnostics do
               not indicate a problem.  Footnote samples bad, bottle
               leaking.  PI agrees, Redfield bad.

108            Salinity is high on the press vs salinity plot.  Agreement
               with the CTD is good. Leave data as is (no footnote).
               Autosal took 3 readings before getting good agreement.

STATION 158

119            Delta-S at 1000db is 0.0063.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  PI: "PO4 high by 0.03."
               This is within the accuracy of the measurement.  Will leave
               as is, do not code data.

113            Sample log: "Free flow before venting."  Salinity agrees
               with CTD and adjoining stations, oxygen and nutrients agree
               with adjoining stations.

107            Delta-S at 3751db is 0.0034.  Autosal took 3 readings to get
               two ratios to agree. There must have been some slight
               contamination in the sample.  Salinity: "Insert came off in
               cap."  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 159

134            Delta-S at 30db is -0.0284.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

122            Sample log: "Redraw on O2, reagent problem."  Oxygen appears
               to be okay.

120            Sample log: "Barium only partial sample, bottle empty,
               duplicate pCO2 and TCO2."  Samples are acceptable.

113            Sample log: "Leaking top end cap-also tight vent."  Samples
               are acceptable.

110            PO4 0.01 high. Other samples are acceptable.  Leave as is,
               do not code, this is within the accuracy of the measurement.

109            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom end cap after vent."
               Samples are acceptable.

101            Delta-S at 5321db is -0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  Sample log: "Redraw on O2,
               reagent problem."  Oxygen is acceptable.

STATION 160

Cast 1         No comments from the sample log.

STATION 161

Cast 1         No comment on sample log.

123            PI: "O2/SiO3 low O2 or sil; checked vs Station 162 and all
               okay."

115            PI: "O2/SiO3 low O2 or high sil; checked vs Station 162 and
               all okay."

STATION 162

135            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared with CTDO, looks
               like duplicate draw."  O2 draw temperature does not indicate
               a duplicate draw.  O2 agrees with Stations 163 and 164.  O2
               is acceptable.








121            Sample log: "Lanyard caught in top (leaking)?."  Salinity
               high, oxygen high, PO4 and NO3 low.  Delta-S at 1001db is
               0.129.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

STATION 163

136            Sample log: "Top cap not seated-small leak on vent."  Data
               appears to be okay.

132            PI: "Nutrients high, checked vs. later stations okay with
               Station 166, okay on sil.

111            Oxygen appears slightly high.  PI: "Oxygen okay, breaks back
               to trend in SiO3/O2-Falls in line of future stations
               164,165."

109            PI: "Low NO3/PO4 similar to Sta 162, PO4 0.03 high, footnote
               PO4 questionable."  Nutrient analyst rechecked data, found
               108 higher than 109, no apparent reason.

108            PO4 slightly high.  PI: "Low NO3/PO4 similar to Sta 162,
               within spec, data are acceptable."  Nutrient analyst
               rechecked data, found 108 higher than 109, no apparent
               reason.

STATION 164

132            Sample log: "Vent open on recovery."  All bottle parameters
               plot okay.

129            Salinity: "Bottle not sampled."  Evidently a sample was
               supposed to be drawn, but salinity analyst indicated there
               was no water in the bottle.  Footnote salinity lost.

126            Sample log: "Vent open on recovery."  All bottle parameters
               plot okay.

102-103        See 101 PO4 comment. Footnote questionable.

101            Phosphate values higher than adjacent stations.  Peaks and
               calcs okay. Flag as questionable as per nutrient analyst.
               PI:"These values are high by 0.1 - flag. Check with Equator
               and Bay of Bengal NO3 denitrification."

STATION 165

135            Sample log: "Flows freely before venting."  All samples look
               okay on plotting.

130            Sample log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen appears a little
               high on plots.  Oxygen within accuracy of the measurement,
               leave for PI decision whether or not the bottle had an air
               leak.  PI: "Okay on SiO3/O2."

128            Sample log: "Top not closed right."  All samples look okay
               on plotting.

STATION 166

Cast 1         Sample Log: "Bottles fired starting at 19 (deepest)-36, 1-18
               (shallowest) for freon blank test."

117            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top NB17.-vented" Salinity,
               Oxygen and nutrients look okay on plot.  PI: "SiO3/O2 okay."

101            Sample Log: "Bottle 1 leaking on vent from bottom endcap".
               Salinity, Oxygen and nutrients look okay on plot.  PI:
               "SiO3/O2 okay."












STATION 167

134            Sample Log: "Hooked recover hook - top cap open on landing.
               -Hard slam" Salinity, oxygen and nutrients appear to be
               okay.

126            PI: "SiO3 slightly high 1.0 um/l, within WOCE specs."  Leave
               as is, this is within the accuracy of the measurement.

113            Sample Log: "leaking from bottom - stopped during oxy draw."
               Oxygen appears to be okay.

107            PI: "SiO3 slightly high 1.0 um/L, within WOCE specs."  Leave
               as is, this is within the accuracy of the measurement.

STATION 168

Cast 1         No comments from Sample Log.

120            See 119 PO4 PI comment.

119            PI: "High PO4 compared to nearest GEOSECS station, +0.05
               um/l, also +0.025 above WOCE deep trend."  Nutrient analyst
               rechecked data, peaks, calcs okay.  Can't see any analytical
               problems.

STATION 169

Cast 1         No comments in Sample Log.

116            CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, despiked raw
               CTDO, data okay unless otherwise indicated.  Code CTDO
               despiked."

STATION 170

128            Sample Log: "Flask 1165 broke, may be confusion on NB28.  O2
               flask off, resampled."  Analyst appears to have straightened
               this out.

120            Delta-S at 894 db is 0.0056.  Can find no obvious analytical
               problem.  Footnote salinity questionable.

119            Delta-S at 968db is 0.0057.  Can find no obvious analytical
               problem.  Footnote salinity questionable per PI.

118            Delta-S at 1001db is 0.0075.  There was trouble with getting
               the first two reading to agree. Gradient area, okay as is.
               Footnote salinity questionable per PI.

115            Delta-S at 1510db is 0.0066.  Gradient area, okay as is.
               Footnote salinity questionable per PI.

114            Delta-S at 1797db is 0.0045.  Can find no obvious analytical
               problem.  Footnote salinity questionable per PI.  CTDO
               Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, signal
               spikes/cutouts. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless
               otherwise indicated.  Code CTDO despiked."

113            Delta-S at 2097db is 0.0029.  Gradient area, okay as is.
               Out of WOCE specs.  Footnote salinity questionable.  CTDO
               Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, signal
               spikes/cutouts. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless
               otherwise indicated.  Code CTDO despiked."

110            Oxygen appears low, no analytical notes.  Oxygen value
               plotted vs potential temp. Looks OK.

102            Found oxygen flask broken in case; footnote oxygen lost.

STATION 171

Cast 1         No comments from sample log.







136            Oxygen: "Bubble."  Oxygen is acceptable.  CTDO Processor:
               "CTDO fit low near surface; either slow cast start or low
               CTDO signal. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless otherwise
               indicated.  Code CTDO questionable."

132-133        PI: "Fall above Redfield line (NO3-PO4), low PO4 -0.05 or
               high NO3 +0.4 - Pacific Water. These are more in line with
               GEOSECS Station 440. Peak in both PO4 and NO3 vs. Sigma
               Theta.  Similar to Pacific Water Intrusion in Stations
               174-180."  Nutrient analyst checked and found no reading or
               calculation errors.  PI decided these are acceptable within
               specs of measurements.

110            Delta-S at 3021db is 0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  Salinity is slightly high
               on press. vs salinity plot.  No indication there was a
               problem with autosal readings.

STATION 172

134            Delta-S at 61db is 0.073.  Salinity and other parameters are
               acceptable.  PI agrees, fine structure.

133            Delta-S at 80db is -0.0271.  Salinity and other parameters
               are acceptable.  PI agrees, fine structure.

130            Delta-S at 176db is 0.0273.  Salinity and other parameters
               are acceptable.  PI agrees, fine structure.

128            PI: "Low PO4/NO3. As compared with Station 171 this appears
               to be a denitrification."  Nutrient analyst check and found
               not reading or calculation errors.  PI found after
               comparison with later stations that these were okay.

127            PI: "High, PO4/NO3, data are acceptable."  Nutrient analyst
               checked and found no reading or calculation errors.

126            Sample log: "Cap Loose."  Not certain if comment refers to
               salinity bottle or sample bottle, however all data are
               acceptable.

123            PI: "High PO4/NO3."  Nutrient analyst checked and found no
               reading or calculation errors.  PI: "Sigma Theta
               approximately 27.2, Arabian Sea/Red Sea influence. Data are
               acceptable."

117            Delta-S at 1795db is 0.0030.  No analytical problem noted.
               Gradient area, salinity is acceptable.

109            Delta-S at 3700db is 0.0042.  The autosal took 5 tries to
               read the conductivity ratios.  Footnote salinity bad, all
               other data are acceptable.  PI suggests coding this as 3,
               questionable.

101-107        CTDO Processor: "Winch stopped to check possible problem.
               Yoyo 4118-4102db; rawoxy signal goes crazy thru end of down-
               cast.  Code CTDO bad."

STATION 173

Cast 1         No comments on sample log.

113            NO3 ~0.2 high, within precision of measurement.  Peak and
               calc looks okay.  PI: "NO3/PO4 good. Well within scatter at
               this horizon."

106            NO3 slightly low, within precision of measurement.  Peak and
               calc looks okay.  PI: "Data acceptable, fits with later
               data."

102            Delta-S at 6021db is 0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.






STATION 174

Cast 1         No comment on sample log.

131            Delta-S at 181db is 0.0419.  Salinity as well as other
               parameters appear to be okay.  PI: "Agree, local structure?"

130            PI: "Oxygen/Salinity min."  Delta-S at 208db is -0.0234.
               Salinity and other parameters appear to be okay.  PI:
               "Agree, local structure?"

123            PI: "High PO4/NO3, Delta-S 0.0039, O2-SiO3 good."  PI:
               "Sigma Theta approximately 27.2, Arabian Sea/Red Sea
               influence."

118            Delta-S at 1897db is 0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE specs, footnote salinity questionable.

107            Delta-S at 4698db is 0.008.  Bottle salinity is too high,
               not sure what happened no problem noted on salinity data
               sheet. Footnote salinity bad.  PI wants coded as 3,
               questionable.

STATION 175

136            Delta-S at 14db is 0.1009.  Bottle salinity and other
               parameters appear to be okay.  PI: "Okay, local structure."
               CTD salinity is okay.

135            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top."  Samples appear to be
               okay. Footnote bottle and samples acceptable.  PI: "Mixed
               layer, samples okay."

129            PI: "High PO4/NO3 similar to Stas 172-174, real structure?
               data are acceptable."  Nutrient analyst could not find any
               analytical or calculation errors. Peak low on chart also and
               okay.

125            PI: "High PO4/NO3 similar to Stas 172-174, real structure?
               data are acceptable."  Nutrient analyst could not find any
               analytical or calculation errors.

STATION 176

135            Sample log:"NB35 lanyard caught in bottle top."  Potential
               Temp. vs Oxygen plots with adjacent stations show oxygen may
               be 0.02 ml/L too high. Need to check other parameters.
               Nutrients are inconclusive.  Salinity agrees with CTD and
               adjoining stations. Leave data as is (bottle code 2, okay).
               PI: "O2 sat 0.4% different, data okay."

125            PI: "High PO4/NO3; Delta-S 0.0030."  Nutrient analyst could
               not find any analytical or calculation error. Same as 175
               and okay, nutricline.  PI: "Sigma Theta approximately 27.2,
               Arabian Sea/Red Sea influence, data are acceptable."

124            PI: "High PO4/NO3; Delta-S 0.0034."  PI: "Sigma Theta
               approximately 27.3, Arabian Sea/Red Sea influence, data are
               acceptable."

104-105        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. CTDO fit high.  Code CTDO questionable."

101-103        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. CTDO drifts high. Code CTDO bad."

STATION 177

135            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top".  Oxygen and other
               samples appear to be okay.

128            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top".  Oxygen is higher than
               next stations and lower than previous stations, but agrees






               with station trend and CTDO.  Other samples also appear to
               be okay.

122            PI: "PO4/NO3 high; Delta-S -0.0064."  Nutrient analyst could
               not find any analytical or calculation errors. Same as
               175,176, okay.  PI: "Sigma Theta approximately 27.2, Arabian
               Sea/Red Sea influence, data are acceptable."

STATION 178

135            Sample Log: "Lanyard in top."  Data are acceptable.

131            Delta-S at 129db is 0.0385.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

124            NO3, PO4, Sil appears low O2 high, salinity agrees with
               profile, CTD and adjoining stations.  Data are acceptable.
               PI: "Lots of fine structure, checked with log and CTDO,
               NO3/PO4 check good."

121            PI: "PO4/NO3 within specs, data are acceptable - consistent
               with Stas 173-177- denitrification?."  Nutrient analyst
               found no analytical or calculation errors. All okay.  PI:
               "Sigma Theta approximately 27.2, Arabian Sea/Red Sea
               influence, data are acceptable."

STATION 179

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

132            Delta-S at 107db is 0.0682.  Data, salinity and other
               parameters are acceptable.  PI agrees.

128            See 122 PI comment.

123            PI: "PO4/NO3 high, PO4 0.025 high or low NO3."  See 122 PI
               comment.

122            PI: "PO4/NO3 high."  Nutrient analyst could find no
               analytical or calculation errors. Okay.  PI: "Data are
               acceptable."

103-106        PI: "PO4/NO3 high."  Nutrient analyst could find no
               analytical or calculation errors. Okay.  PI: "Water off
               crest of seamount? - No analytical or draw problem. Footnote
               NO3 and PO4 questionable."

STATION 180

Cast 1         CTD Processor: "Salts are routinely 0.001 low compared to
               nearby cast." This is within the accuracy of the
               measurement.

132            Delta-S at 101db is -0.0364.  Data, salinity and other
               parameters are acceptable.  PI: "Surface profiles up vs.
               down changing."  PI agrees data okay.

131            Delta-S at 124db is -0.0484.  Data, salinity and other
               parameters are acceptable.  PI: "Surface profiles up vs.
               down changing."  PI agrees data okay.

130            Delta-S at 177db is 0.0332.  Data, salinity and other
               parameters are acceptable.  PI: "Surface profiles up vs.
               down changing."  PI agrees data okay.

113            Delta-S at 2647db is 0.0028.  Salinity slightly high, all
               other parameters okay.  Footnote salinity questionable.  PI
               agrees code salinity 3, but in line with later stations
               186-187.

101            Sample Log: "Slow drip from bottom end cap after opening."
               Samples appear to be okay.  PI: "O2/SiO3 okay."







STATION 181

Cast 1         No comments on the Sample Log sheet.

131            Delta-S at 225db is 0.0549.  Difference between down and up
               CTD trace, data, salinity and other parameters okay.  PI
               agrees, surface salinity.

130            Delta-S at 249db is -0.0396.  Difference between down and up
               CTD trace, data, salinity and other parameters okay.  PI
               agrees, surface salinity.

114            Nutrient analyst found that sample was not drawn.  Footnote
               nutrients lost.  PI suggests that these be coded 9, not
               drawn.

STATION 182

Cast 1         No comments on the Sample Log sheet.

130            PI: "PO4/NO3 high; upper cast has slightly higher PO4 than
               surrounding casts or NO3 low? Theta/NO3 curves."  Nutrient
               analyst could not find any analytical or calculation error.
               PI: "Okay with later stations, data are acceptable, within
               specs."

128            PI: "PO4/NO3 high; upper cast has slightly higher PO4 than
               surrounding casts or NO3 low? Theta/NO3 curves."  Nutrient
               analyst could not find any analytical or calculation error.
               PI: "Okay with later stations, data are acceptable, within
               specs."

109            Oxygen: "Technician error, sample lost."

STATION 183

Cast 1         No comments on the Sample Log sheet.

133            PI: "High PO4/NO3 ratio similar to 174, no others in this
               range, not O2 min ?."  PI: "Data are acceptable, agrees with
               Station 186-190."

123            PI: "High PO4/NO3 ratio. Near O2 min and other stations with
               high ratios. Okay."

113            Delta-S at 2002db is 0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 4565db is 0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 4
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  PI: "Delta-S
               0.0019 off theta/S for region, footnote questionable."  CTDO
               Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with slowdown
               for bottom approach. May be slowdown drop, may be real. Code
               CTDO questionable."  Footnote salinity questionable.

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with
               slowdown for bottom approach. May be slowdown drop, may be
               real. Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 184

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

124            PI: "High PO4/NO3 check with earlier stations."  Nutrient
               analyst could not find any analytical or calculation error.
               PI: "Data compares well with earlier stations."

123            PI: "High PO4/NO3 check with earlier stations, okay code 2,
               data acceptable."

109            Oxygen: "Overtitrated, but still bad."  No apparent affect.
               Oxygen plots look good.  PI: "Plots fine on sigma theta/O2






               and SiO3/O2, data acceptable."

STATION 185

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

132            PI: "Low O2 - nuts look fine, but O2 low by 0.2?"  PI: "CTD
               trace shows low O2 of ~0.7-0.9 ml/l compared to bottle 31.
               Bottle diff is 0.799. Oxygen is okay, similar feature in
               Stations 191-192."

131            PI: "High PO4/NO3, okay."

109            Delta-S at 3096db is 0.0023.  PI: "Code salinity as
               questionable."

108            Delta-S at 3297db is 0.0025.  Salinity slightly out of WOCE
               specs.  PI: "Code salinity as questionable."

107            Delta-S at 3628db is 0.0025.  Salinity slightly out of WOCE
               specs.  PI: "Code salinity as questionable."

STATION 186

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

134            Delta-S at 56db is 0.0264.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Gradient area, leave as is, do not
               code.

126            PI: "Spur too high PO4 on ratio. Consistent for earlier
               stations, okay."  Nutrient analyst could not find any
               analytical or calculation error.  PI: "Western basin
               influence."

101-104        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. CTDO drifts high. Code CTDO bad."

STATION 187

Cast 1         CTD Processor: "Salts are routinely 0.001 low compared to
               nearby cast." This is within the accuracy of the
               measurement.  So will leave as is.  No analytical problem
               found.

135            Delta-S at 26db is -0.036.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Bottle data agrees with
               adjoining stations.  PI: "Okay."  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

121            Sample Log: "Lanyard in bottle top-leaks on venting."
               Oxygen values are consistent with adjoining stations.
               Delta-S at 1001db is 0.0117.  Salinity high, nutrients low.
               Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.  PI: "O2 okay in O2
               vs sigma 2. NO3, PO4, and SiO3 low, code 4 all samples."

102            Sample Log: "Small leak before venting. Leak stopped when
               pushed on spigot before venting.  Oxygen values are
               consistent with adjoining stations.  Salinity and nutrients
               also appear to be okay.

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with
               slowdown for bottom approach. No obvious offset, CTDO fit
               low. Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 188

128            Sample Log: "Top cap not sealed-leaker."  Data appears to be
               okay.











STATION 189

133            Delta-S at 66db is 0.0274.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

129            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting."  Samples agree with
               adjoining stations.  Delta-S is -.0096, salinity agree with
               CTD profile.  CTD salinity is acceptable.

105            Oxygen ~0.04 high. No analytical notes noting a problem.
               Other parameters do not show a difference.  Possible, but
               off on sigma 4/O2 to all closer stations.  Footnote oxygen
               questionable."

STATION 190

136            Delta-S at 12db is 0.0613.  Salinity appears to be okay,
               mixed layer, agrees with adjoining stations for shallow
               water.

133            Delta-S at 81db is -0.0319.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

125            Sample Log: "Out of water after helium draw."  No nutrients
               or salinity samples.

120            CFC technician reports very high value, suspects
               contamination.  Oxygen value on plots looks okay.  PI: "O2
               okay, right on Station 189."

111            Oxygen vs depth plots: Oxy value looks 0.02 too low.
               Nutrients appear high on station profile, and agree with
               next station.  PI: "Code 2 for O2, NO3/PO4 fine, NO3 checks
               with Station 189, SiO3 high, but in line with later
               stations. O2 in line with changes between stations in sigma
               4/O2 plot."

STATION 191

134            Delta-S at 34db is -0.0379.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

104            NO3 a little low ~0.2, silicate 0.2 low, analyst could find
               no problems in peak or calculation.  These are within the
               precision of the measurement, okay as is.

102            Sample Log: "A few drops from valve when closed".  Oxygen
               plots look good. Data okay.  PI: "NO3/PO4 okay."

STATION 192

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

113            Delta-S at 2327db is 0.004.  The salinity bottle's insert
               came off with the screw top lid. There were a few other
               bottles that had loose inserts, the data appears to be okay
               for the other samples, and even this bottle is not a bad
               agreement with CTD.  Footnote salinity bad.

101            Delta-S at 5101db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  PI: "Low SiO3 by 0.2-0.3
               within specs, data acceptable."














STATION 193

Cast 1         Nitrate high on entire station profile, cadmium column
               changed.  Adjusted F1s-looks better, but still may be off a
               bit.  PI: "Have NO3 = 0.0 in surface and agrees with NO3/PO4
               over most of column. Within data specifications with
               corrections. NO3 higher than 192 deep, but on 193 curve."

128            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting."  Samples appear to
               be okay, salinity and oxygen agree with CTD.

117            Delta-S at 1802db is -0.0286.  Salinity, Oxygen, and
               silicate low, phosphate and nitrate high. Bottle mistripped.
               Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad. ODF recommends
               deletion of all water samples.

STATION 194

136            Delta-S at 12db is -0.079.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

132            Delta-S at 88db is -0.0475 Changing area, spike in the CTD
               up trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

131            Delta-S at 150 is -0.03.  Changing area, spike in the CTD up
               trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

127            PI: "Off PO4/NO3 by 0.05 in PO4 or high 0.5 to 1.0 in NO3,
               Check later stations."  Nutrient analyst found no analytical
               or calculation errors.  Analyst changed PO4 absorbences,
               PO4/NO3 are now in agreement.  PI: "Stations 194, 195 and
               198 agree."

109            Sample Log: "Vent found open must have been open during
               cast."  Salinity high, oxygen low, phosphate high, silicate
               okay. All parameters are within WOCE specs, but a slight
               leak.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

STATION 195

133            Delta-S at 77db is 0.0388.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in the CTD up trace, footnote CTD salinity
               bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is
               coded bad.

125-131        PI: "Low PO4/NO3; similar to Sta 194, low oxygens; water
               mass change.

115            Sample Log: "Valve pushed in during cast."  Oxygen and other
               parameters appear to be okay.

112            Delta-S at 2601db is 0.0026.  Salinity and other samples
               agree with adjoining stations.  Salinity is out of WOCE
               specs.  Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Sample Log: "Dripping slowing from bottom endcap, reseated
               after O2 draw then okay."  Oxygen and other parameters agree
               with adjoining stations.

STATION 196

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

121            Delta-S at 1001db is 0.0052.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 4
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

117            Delta-S at 1797db is 0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 4
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  There is a gradient here.  Footnote salinity






               questionable.

103            Delta-S at 5061db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 197

133            Delta-S at 117db is -0.0443.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

117            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting (from bottom cap?)."
               Oxygen value compares well with adjoining stations and CTDO.
               Other parameters also agree with adjoining stations.

STATION 198

133            Delta-S at 76db is 0.0189.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Bottle salinity agrees with
               adjoining stations.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

125-129        PI: "High NO3/PO4 similar to stations 194-195, fall on
               overall curve, data are acceptable."

112            Delta-S at 2752db is 0.0022.  Salinometer took three tries
               to get two readings to agree. Footnote salinity
               questionable.

101            Sample Log: "Leaky bottom end cap-constant stream flowing
               out-okay after reseating-done after helium before oxygen
               draw."  Oxygen value compares well with adjoining stations
               and CTD oxygen values.  Other properties also are
               acceptable.

STATION 199

107-109        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. Winch stopped to check possible problem. CTDO fit low.
               Code CTDO questionable."

101            Sample Log: "No leak, fix worked."

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. CTDO fit high.  Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 200

121            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top."  Oxygen and Salinity
               plots look okay compared to CTD values and adjoining
               stations.  Other parameters also look okay.

120            PI: "PO4/NO3 high, footnote PO4 questionable."  Analyst
               could not find any problem in the data.

109            Delta-S at 3253db is 0.0017.  Salinity value high compared
               to CTD value. Other hydro parameters okay. Autosal output
               okay.  PI: "Sigma2/O2 suggest high Salt or low O2, O2 is
               okay."  Salinity is within WOCE specs, leave as is.  CTDO
               Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared to CTDO, Station 202
               indicates bottle leaked."  O2 draw temperature does appear
               slightly high.  Freon and helium were not drawn on this
               bottle.  Final data review, after the expedition, revealed
               that this bottle may have leaked on Stations 200-202.  ODF
               has footnoted the bottle as leaking and samples bad for this
               range of stations.

STATION 201

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

136            CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit low near surface; either slow cast
               start or low CTDO signal. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay






               unless otherwise indicated.  Code CTDO questionable."

113            Delta-S at 2246db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

109            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared to CTDO, Station 202
               indicates bottle leaked."  O2 draw temperature does appear
               slightly high.  Salinity value high compared to CTD value.
               Freon was not draw but helium was drawn on this bottle.
               Final data review, after the expedition, revealed that this
               bottle may have leaked on Stations 200-202.  ODF has
               footnoted the bottle as leaking and samples bad for this
               range of stations.

106            Delta-S at 3946db is 0.0015.  Slightly high, other
               parameters appear to be okay.  Within WOCE specs, salinity
               is acceptable.  Nutrient analyst rechecked data for NO3,
               made correction and data looks good.  PI: "Sigma 2/O2
               comparison fine."

STATION 202

119            Nutrients: "No 19." Sample log indicates nutrients were to
               to be drawn, but analyst found no water in the sample tube.
               Footnote nutrients lost because of sampling error.

117            Sample Log: "Top cap not seated, seated by freon before
               freon draw."  Samples appear to be okay.

114            Sample Log: "Top cap not seated, seated by freon before
               freon draw."  Samples appear to be okay.  PI: "Okay on sigma
               2/O2 plot."

113            PI: "High O2 on sigma2/O2 plot."  O2 acceptable.  Salinity
               looks low on station profile and compared to adjoining
               stations, however it agrees with the CTD data.

111            Sample Log: "Vent on top seemed tight, free flowing before
               vented, freon sampler reseated top end cap."  Samples appear
               to be okay.  PI: "Okay on sigma 2/O2 plot."

109            Delta-S at 2799db is 0.005.  NO3 high, O2 0.1 low, PO4
               slightly high, sil okay.  Appears that bottle leaked.
               Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.

108            Oxygen slightly high, ~0.03. No analytical problems noted.
               Footnote oxygen questionable.

106            Sample Log: "Leak noticed before O2 draw bottom end cap."
               Samples appear to be okay.  PI: "O2 fine on sigma 2/O2
               plot."

101            Sample Log: "Bottom endcap leaking when opened spigot before
               venting."  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 203

133            Delta-S at 86db is 0.0261.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

106            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom after venting."  Samples all
               appear to be okay.

105            N:P ratio appears a little low, nutrient analyst checked
               peaks and calculations and found no problems.  PI: "SiO3 low
               by ~1.0, Okay, data within specs of data."

104            Delta-S at 4510db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  N:P ratio appears a little
               low, nutrient analyst checked peaks and calculations and
               found no problems.  PI: "SiO3 low by ~1.0, Okay, data within






               specs of data."

STATION 204

Cast 1         Cast 1 aborted.

228            Sample Log: "Bottom cap loose".  Plots of oxygen and
               nutrient values are consistent with adjoining stations.
               Footnote bottle data okay.

209            Delta-S at 3264db is -0.0029.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

207            Delta-S at 3740db is -0.0054.  No analytical reason for
               difference with CTD.  PI: "Sigma 2/O2 on target, data
               acceptable."  Adjoining stations were not sampled on this
               density level.  After reviewing the data, it appears the
               salinity is high.  Will code salinity as bad.

204            Delta-S at 4499db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  Redfield ratio appears
               high, nutrient analyst looked at values and all appears to
               be okay.  PI: "These fell nicely on curve-lower than next
               few stations, in specs, all acceptable."

203            Delta-S at 4701db is -0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

202            Delta-S at 4752db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

201            Delta-S at 4792db is -0.0029.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 205

120            Sample Log: "Free flowing, top cap not seated."  Plots of
               oxygen and nutrients are consistent with adjoining stations.
               Footnote bottle data are acceptable.

109            Oxygen and nutrient plots demonstrate NB09 mistrip.  Delta-S
               at 3252db is 0.0053, salinity is 34.732.  Oxygen and
               silicate are low, salinity, phosphate and nitrate slightly
               high.  Changed tripping information to agree with bottle 10.
               All data except oxygen which are different from each other
               by 0.016 indicates that the bottle tripped one level up.
               Suggest bottle did not trip as scheduled, and oxygen 3.
               Data appears much better after changing trip information.
               PI: "Target depth 3252db, plot suggests bottle fired with
               10. O2 slightly off, but within specs for this scenario."

106            Delta-S at 3998db is 0.0029.  Salinity slightly high, other
               data appears to be okay.  The autosal took 3 tries to get
               two readings to agree, which is an indication that there is
               a problem with the sample. Footnote salinity 3
               (questionable) since the value is not that far out of spec.
               Next station (207) that this salinity bottle was used also
               had a poor agreement with the CTD will take box L out of
               circulation.  PI: "Agree with coding, sigma 2/O2 plot shows
               sigma 2 high; SiO3/O2 fine."

STATION 206

132            Delta-S at 111db is 0.0272.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Spike in the CTD up trace, footnote CTD salinity
               bad.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity is
               coded bad.








128            Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking, stopped after rotating
               end cap after venting."  Data appears to be okay.

STATION 207

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

133            Delta-S at 85db is -0.0439.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  No CTDO is calculated because
               the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

106            Delta-S at 4005db is 0.0082.  Analyst took 3 readings to
               come up with this.  Suspect there was some contamination in
               the salinity sample.  Using the first reading still does not
               give a good agreement with the CTD or adjoining station
               data.  Delta-S at 4005db is 0.0034, salinity is 34.717.
               Other data appears to be okay, seems that this is the
               salinity box L that is giving us a problem.  PI: "Sigma 2/O2
               off, too dense. SiO3/O2 is right on, SiO3/O2 good."
               Footnote salinity bad.

103            Delta-S at 4635db is 0.0028.  Salinity is slightly high
               compared with adjoining stations, other samples are
               acceptable. Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 208

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

101-113        CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, small-scale
               noise. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless otherwise
               indicated. Code CTDO despiked."

STATION 209

119            PI: "NO3 slightly high ?, within spec."  NO3 is acceptable.

112            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTD."  O2 also
               high compared with adjacent stations vs. Sigma 4, but with
               specs.  Oxygen is acceptable.

106            PI: "O2 low by 0.02 within spec, or low SiO3, see Station
               211?"  Oxygen is acceptable.

STATION 210

132            Delta-S at 91db is -0.046.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations, other parameters also okay.  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

131            Delta-S at 108db is -0.0361.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations, other parameters also okay.  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

129            Sample Log: "Drain cock pushed in before freon sampling."
               All samples appear to be okay.

121            Sample Log: "Dripping after venting-bottom end cap reseated.
               Oxygen first to draw from bottle."  All samples appear to be
               okay.

110-112        PI: "NO3 high."  0.2 high on sigma 2 surface compared to
               Station 209.  within WOCE Standard."

STATION 211

Cast 1         No comments on sample log.

115-117        PI: "NO3 0.3 low for density horizon. Could be
               denitrification in lower O2 minimum."  Footnote Nitrate
               questionable.







108            Bottle appears to have mistripped.  Delta-S at 3107db is
               0.2308.  Bottle appears to have tripped between 900 and 1000
               db.  Footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.  Phosphate,
               nitrate high, and silicate and oxygen low.

101-107        PI: "Lower SiO3 bottom water?"  Nutrient analyst made
               corrections to standards, silicate fits station profile and
               adjoining stations.

STATION 212

131            Delta-S at 143db is -0.0293.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Other data also agree with
               adjoining stations.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

120            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting-air from bottom."
               Data appears to be okay, agrees with adjoining stations.

STATION 213

113            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom end cap."  Samples appear
               to be acceptable.

111            Sample Log: "Dribbling from valve until top cap seated."
               Samples appear to be acceptable.

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared to nearby casts."
               Salinity higher than adjacent stations and agrees with CTD
               and is acceptable.  Nutrients do not show this feature and
               are acceptable.  Station 216 also shows the feature with a
               lower oxygen and a higher salinity and agreed with CTDO (no
               comment from CTDO Processor.)  The O2 draw temp is higher
               than next bottle (shallower), and the higher draw temp is
               also seen in Station 216 and 215.  Station 215 O2 is also
               acceptable.  O2 is acceptable.

STATION 214

129            Sample Log: "Top end cap no good, free flow before venting."
               Samples appear to be okay.

107-108        PI: "NO3 0.2 high on sigma 2 surface PO4 fine, within WOCE
               specs."

101-105        CTDO Processor: "CTDO does not match bottles, nearby casts.
               Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 215

136            Delta-S at 16db is -0.2032.  Gradient area, down and up
               trace differ, therefore, salinity is different than CTD
               trace.  Salinity and other parameters agree with adjoining
               stations, data are acceptable.  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2
               high compared with CTD."  O2 appears 0.1 high compared with
               adjacent stations.  Footnote O2 questionable.

130            Sample Log: "Oxygen taken before helium."

126            Sample Log: "Low on water-salts may have trouble."  Salinity
               as well as other samples are acceptable.

125            Sample Log: "Low on water-2/3 bottle of salts, barium okay."
               Suspect this note means barium was drawn.  Salinity as well
               as other samples are acceptable.

113            PI: "O2 0.05 low ? or trend to low O2 high SiO3, data are
               acceptable."

110            Autosalt took 5 tries to get a good reading, the first
               reading appears to be correct. After change Delta-S is
               0.0001, much better.  All other samples are acceptable.  PI:
               "O2 0.02 low (?) within specs, data are acceptable."







105            Delta-S at 3800db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Delta-S at 4102db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Oxygen: "Forgot stir bar, went to launch rosette, sample
               lost."  See 101-104 CTDO comment.  Footnote CTDO
               questionable, salinity questionable and oxygen lost.

101-104        CTDO Processor: "Odd CTDO shape; may be real, matches
               bottles. Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 216

121            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom-a little."  Samples appear to
               be okay.

104            Delta-S at 3997db is -0.0031.  Salinity and other samples
               appear to be okay.  Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a
               problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

102            Delta-S at 4342db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 217

131            Delta-S at 100db is -0.0288.  Gradient area, spike in the
               CTD up trace, footnote CTD salinity bad. Other samples
               appear to be okay.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

111-112        PI: "Low O2, okay with later stations."

105            Sample Log: "Free flowing-top vent open."  Sample are
               acceptable.

101-107        PI: "Low SiO3, within specs, values are acceptable."

STATION 218

134            Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaking after venting-stopped
               after reseating."  Samples are acceptable.

120            Sample Log: "Had to reseat top end cap."  Samples are
               acceptable.

103            CTDO Processor: "Odd CTDO shape; may be real, matches
               bottles. Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 219

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

118            PI: "O2 high by 0.12 on sigma2/O2 plot, footnote
               questionable.  Compares to bottle 18 on Station 220, both
               plot high."  NO3 and PO4 lower on station profile, but
               agrees with Station 220. Will code oxygen questionable as
               suggested by PI.

104            Delta-S at 4000db is -0.0024.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Salinity is slightly low compared with adjoining stations.
               Delta-S is -.0025, temperature is also lower than previous
               and next bottle, but not sure what that means.  Salinity and
               other samples appear to be okay.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.








STATION 220

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

131            PI: "NO3/Sigma theta off, Delta-S 0.0198, theta/salinity
               anomaly. Footnote salinity questionable."

118            PI: "O2 high ?, see comments on Station 219.  Footnote
               oxygen questionable."

105-106        PI: "SiO3 low by 2.5, to Station 221, close to 222 (1.0)
               value acceptable."

104            Delta-S at 4002db is -0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Delta-S at 4242db is -0.003.  Previous station is also a
               little high in salinity.  No analytical problem noted in
               salinity.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

102-103        PI: "SiO3 low by 0.5, value acceptable."

STATION 221

117            NO3 low, PO4 low, O2 appears a little high compared to
               adjoining stations.  Nutrient analyst found no analytical
               problem, suggests mistrip or bad draw.  Salinity and
               silicate agrees with adjoining stations.  PI: "O2 high ~0.05
               on SiO3/O2-SiO3 on sigma 2/SiO3 curve." Silicate is
               acceptable, footnote oxygen questionable."

108            Oxygen appears slightly high compared with adjoining
               stations, however, it agrees with CTD trace.  Oxygen and
               other samples are acceptable.  PI: "Falls back to 220
               O2/SiO3 curve. Oxygen is acceptable."

101            Sample Log: "Small leak on bottom end cap-reseating stopped
               leak."  Samples are acceptable.

STATION 222

135            Delta-S at 27db is 0.1254.  Large gradient, salinity and
               other samples appear to be okay for shallow water.

111            Sample Log: " Leaking from bottom after O2 draw-stopped
               after reseating."  Silicate is a little low < 1.0 compared
               to adjoining stations, but all other data are acceptable.
               PI: "Transitioned on SiO3/O2 between Stas. 220 & 224, data
               are acceptable."

102-103        CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2s could be dup draw; (too small to
               tell/could be real)."  O2 draw temperature are the same and
               both are lower than 101 and 104.  O2 is acceptable, within
               WOCE specs.

STATION 223

128            Sample Log: "Lanyard caught in top."  Oxygen and salinity
               are low, nutrients are high.  Suspect this bottle was
               contaminated, footnote bottle leaking and samples bad.  PI:
               "Lowest O2 on cast, SiO3/O2 curve okay. Large Delta-S;
               theta/S compares with Station 225.  Will code these as
               questionable."

127            Delta-S at 311db is -0.0868.  Silicate extremely high, but
               similar feature in all properties.  Suspect this tripped
               lower in the water column.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples
               bad.  28 had the lanyard from 27 caught in it.  Oxygen draw
               temperature is 2 degrees lower than should be.

120            Oxygen appears ~0.1 low.  PI: "Okay vs. later stations,
               oxygen is acceptable."






104            Delta-S at 3798db is -0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 224

113            Sample Log: "Dripping on bottom after pushing spigot in,
               stopped after reseating."  Samples are acceptable.

STATION 225

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

101-107        PI: "Low SiO3 or O2, compares to 220 that was also low.
               Sigma2/O2 compares to Station 217,220. Data are acceptable."
               Nutrient analyst rechecked data, made correction to
               standards, data now fits adjoining station comparison.

STATION 226

127            Sample Log: "Leak from bottom."  Samples are acceptable.

113            PI: "High SiO3/O2, O2 low 0.025, footnote oxygen
               questionable."

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 may be high compared to CTDO."
               O2 gradient, agrees with Station 225. O2 draw temperature
               reasonable. Other parameters are acceptable. SiO3 also ~2.0
               high.  Rechecked nutrient raw data and peak is higher.  O2
               is acceptable.  Footnote SiO3 questionable.

STATION 227

132            Sample Log: "Sampled by salts only."

133            Sample Log: "Sampled by salts only."

127            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom."  Oxygen appears 0.1 low
               compared with Stas. 226 and 228, but is close to Sta 225.
               All samples are acceptable.  PI: "O2 okay on SiO3/O2, O2 is
               acceptable."

121-124        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit high at base of minimum.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

109-110        PI: "High on theta/S plot.  Code 9 & 10 salinity as bad."
               Not sure what happened to salts.  See 101-116 CTD salinity
               comments.  Footnote CTD salinity despiked.  Footnote
               salinity bad.

107            PI: "Low O2 on sigma2/O2, but compares to later stations,
               okay."  See 101-116 CTD salinity comments.  See 107-108
               salinity comment.  Footnote CTD salinity despiked.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

107-108        PI: "High on theta/S plot. Footnote 7 & 8 salinity as
               questionable."  Not sure what happened to salts.  See
               101-116 CTD salinity comments.  Footnote CTD salinity
               despiked.  Footnote salinity questionable.

106            Sample Log: "Salinity drawing test, only salts drawn, no
               other samples."  See 101-116 CTD salinity comments.
               Footnote CTD salinity despiked, oxygen and nutrients not
               drawn.

105            Oxygen appears low, so does 7, but it agrees with Station
               228. Leave for PI decision.  PI: "O2 okay, follows later
               trend."  See 101-116 CTD salinity comments.  Footnote CTD
               salinity despiked.

102            Delta-S is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a
               problem.  Agrees with adjoining stations.  Could be a little
               low as compared with adjoining stations vs.  pressure, but
               not as much as CTD indicates.  Same as 101 vs. potential






               temperature.  Salinity is acceptable.  See 101-116 CTD
               salinity comments.  See 101-103 CTD oxygen comments.  Code
               CTD salinity questionable.  Code CTD oxygen questionable.

101-103        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit low at bottom.  See 101-116 CTD
               salinity comments.  Code CTD salinity questionable.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

101-116        CTD Processor: "CTD salinity data were despiked."

STATION 228

129            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting-from bottom."  Samples
               are acceptable.

121            PI: O2 low on sigma2/O2 and on SiO3/O2, footnote oxygen
               questionable."

101            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom."  Delta-S at 3632db is
               0.0002.  Samples are acceptable.

STATION 229

129            Sample Log: "Drain valve flowed until top cap reseated."
               Samples are acceptable.

128            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 looks high compared to CTD."
               Oxygen is high compared with adjacent stations. No
               analytical reason could be found. However, could be a
               drawing problem.  Footnote O2 bad.

116            PI: "High O2/low SiO3, ~0.1 in O2. Sigma2/O2 oxygen okay,
               footnote silicate questionable."  Nutrient analyst rechecked
               data and could find no analytical problems.

113-114        PI: "High O2/low SiO3, footnote silicate questionable."
               Nutrient analyst rechecked data and could find no analytical
               problems.

112            Delta-S at 1552db is 0.0059.  Salinity appears slightly high
               for station profile.  Footnote salinity questionable.

107            O2 0.1 high, SiO3 1.0 low, PO4 0.02, NO3 0.2 low, compared
               with station profile and adjoining stations.  Salinity does
               not show this feature.  PI: "High on SiO3/O2, O2 is fine,
               SiO3 low. Footnote silicate questionable."

STATION 230

123            Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom cap when drain pushed in,
               bad bottom o-ring."  Samples are acceptable.

STATION 231

132            Delta-S at 101db is 0.0521.  Salinity and other samples are
               acceptable for shallow samples.  Nutrients: "Silicate had a
               problem, not enough water to rerun." Footnote silicate lost.

131            Nutrients: "Silicate had a problem, not enough water to
               rerun." Footnote silicate lost.

108            Delta-S at 2601db is -0.0063.  Salinity is low compared with
               station profile and adjoining stations, other samples are
               acceptable No problems notes on autosal run.  Footnote
               salinity bad, just too far out.

106            Delta-S at 3001db is 0.0025.  No problems notes on autosal
               run.  Salinity just barely acceptable and other samples are
               acceptable.  PI: "Footnote salinity questionable."

101            Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom."  Delta-S at 3614db is
               0.0019.  No problems notes on autosal run.  Salinity just
               barely acceptable and other samples are acceptable.  PI:
               "Footnote salinity questionable."






101-103        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit low at bottom.  Code CTDO
               questionable."

STATION 232

136            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTD."  O2 is
               0.2 high compared with adjacent stations.  Footnote O2 bad.

130            Oxygen: "Sample lost, forgot stirrer bar."

109            Delta-S at 2398db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

107            Delta-S at 2798db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Delta-S at 3400db is -0.0024.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 3506db is -0.0032.  Salinity is lower than
               previous station, next station is not as deep. Other data
               are also acceptable.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom after venting."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.

STATION 233

120-129        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

119            PI: "Low NO3/PO4 okay, footnote acceptable.  Feature appears
               in 233, 235, 236 denitrification at sigma theta =27.2."

113            Oxygen appear ~0.1 higher than adjoining stations.  PI:
               "Footnote questionable."

106            Delta-S at 2749db is 0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  Salinity is 0.001 higher
               than other two bottles tripped at this pressure.  3 bottles
               tripped @~2750db, this oxygen is 0.04 higher than the other
               two.  No analytical problem found.  Could be a drawing
               problem.  Footnote oxygen questionable.

105            Delta-S at 3050db is 0.0024.  Salinity does appear slightly
               high compared to adjoining stations. Other data are
               acceptable.  Out of WOCE specs.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

STATION 234

Cast 1         Sample Log: "Bottle blank cast. Deep bottle 13."  Bottles
               fired starting at 13 (deepest)-36, 1-12 (shallowest) for
               freon blank test.

106            Oxygen: "No stir bar, sample lost."  Oxygen analyst could
               not recover sample.  Delta-S at 109db is -0.0319.  Spike in
               the CTD up trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Bottle
               salinity as well as other data are acceptable.  No CTDO is
               calculated because the CTD Salinity is coded bad.

131            PI: "SiO3/O2 appears low, footnote oxygen questionable."

129            PI: "SiO3/O2 appears low, but they are acceptable."  CTD
               Processor found the bottle O2 was high compared with the
               CTDO. The O2 draw temperature is slightly low. This usually
               indicates a bottle leaking or tripping problem. Salinity is
               a little high, but within the accuracy of the measurement.
               Footnote oxygen questionable.






STATION 235

127            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom after venting."  Oxygen as
               well as other samples are acceptable.

126            Sample Log: "Free Flow before venting."  Oxygen could be
               low.  NO3/PO4 high.  Nutrient analyst rechecked peaks and
               calculations, no changes were made.  PI decided to footnote
               oxygen questionable.

124-126        PI: "O2/sigma theta, O2 is high, footnote questionable."

123-125        PI: "High O2 or low SiO3, SiO3 is acceptable."  Footnote O2
               questionable.

122-125        PI: "Low NO3, see similar feature Station 236.  Feature
               appears in 233, 235, 236 denitrification at sigma theta
               =27.2."  NO3 is acceptable.

121            Oxygen 0.1 low.  Could possibly be a drawing error, but
               double checked draw temperature on 22 and that is not the
               case, or difficulty titrating low oxygen.  CTD processor had
               difficulty fitting with CTDO.  PI decided to code oxygen
               acceptable.

105-107        Sample Log: "Salinity drawing test, only salinity drawn, no
               nutrients or oxygen."

102            Delta-S at 3418db is -0.0023.  Salinity appears 0.001 lower
               than previous station, but next station also has lower
               bottom salinities.  Other data are also acceptable.
               Salinity is out of WOCE specs.  Footnote salinity
               questionable.

101            Delta-S at 3457db is 0.0023.  Salinity agrees with adjoining
               stations.  Other data are also acceptable.  Salinity is out
               of WOCE specs.  Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 236

123            NO3/PO4 low. Nutrient analyst rechecked peaks and
               calculations, and found no problems.  PI: "Feature appears
               in 233, 235, 236 denitrification at sigma theta =27.2.  Low
               NO3 on sigma theta/NO3 123-121, see feature in Station 235.
               NO3/PO4 are acceptable."

111            Sample Log: "Flows before venting."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

110            Salinity @2000db is 0.001 low, O2 0.15 high, NO3 0.2 low.
               PO4 and silicate are acceptable.  PI: "O2 0.08 high on
               sigma2/O2, footnote oxygen questionable.  NO3 in spec, NO3
               is acceptable. SiO3/O2 low for profile but on 235 line."

106            Delta-S at 2800db is 0.0024.  NO3 appears 0.1 high compared
               with adjoining stations.  Salinity as well as other data are
               acceptable.  Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem.
               Out of WOCE specs, footnote salinity questionable.

104-107        Silicate appears higher than previous station, but agrees
               with next station.  PI: "SiO3/O2 shows high, SiO3 compared
               to Station 235, data are acceptable."

101            Sample Log: "Leaks from bottom after venting."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.  PI: "O2 perhaps high on
               SiO3/O2 plot okay on theta/O2 plots."

STATION 237

132            Delta-S at 86db is 0.0292.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity and other data are
               acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity
               is coded bad.







127            Sample Log: "Leaked from bottom end cap after venting,
               reseated okay."  Samples are acceptable.  Oxygen is
               acceptable.

123            Oxygen may be 0.1 ml/l too high compared to previous
               station, however, it agrees with the CTDO and next station.
               PI: "Falls in SiO3/O2, for surrounding stations, data are
               acceptable."

STATION 238

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

106            Silicate appears low, NO3 low on station profile, but agrees
               with Sta. 237, O2 and PO4 high on station profile, but agree
               with Sta. 237.  Nutrient analyst rechecked data, no
               analytical problems.  PI: "High O2, at level in 233. NO3/PO4
               okay. SiO3/O2 falls near Station 237, footnote oxygen
               questionable all other data are acceptable."

STATION 239

Cast 1         No comments from Sample Log.

130            Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made corrections to NO3.
               PI: "PO4 still high, code questionable."

129            PI: "High PO4/NO3, high NO3 on NO3/sigma theta, but 130 has
               large delta-S."  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and found
               no analytical problems, but made correction to 130.  PI:
               "PO4 still high on sigma theta/PO4, code questionable."

128            PI: "PO4 high on sigma theta/PO4, within spec, data are
               acceptable."

110            Delta-S at 2000db is -0.0028.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

109            Delta-S at 2200db is -0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics indicate
               3 tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

108            Delta-S at 2400db is -0.0033.  Salinity as well as other
               data are acceptable.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

107            Delta-S at 2600db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  NO3 0.1 higher than
               adjoining stations and within spec.

106            Delta-S at 2803db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

105            Delta-S at 2904db is -0.0027.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

104            Delta-S at 3003db is -0.0031.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

103            Delta-S at 3042db is -0.0043.  Salinity appears high
               compared to adjoining stations, however, it agrees with
               Station 241 and density is appropriate.  PI: "101-111 low on
               theta/S compared to all surrounding stations; consistent
               with CTD offset. Station 241 more saline. Footnote salinity
               questionable."

102            Delta-S at 3042db is -0.0057.  Salinity appears high
               compared to adjoining stations, however, it agrees with






               Station 241 and density is appropriate.  See PI comments on
               103, footnote salinity questionable.

101            Delta-S at 3134db is -0.003.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit
               high at bottom.  Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 240

131            PI: "Low SiO3/O2; O2 high also high O2 on sigma theta/O2,
               check with Station 241 indicates higher SiO3/O2 through much
               of mid-range."

121            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen and other data
               are acceptable.

113            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen and other data
               are acceptable.

112            Delta-S at 1701db is -0.0149.  Suspect drawing error on
               salinity, same value as 11. All other data are acceptable.
               Footnote salinity bad.

STATION 241

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

106            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared to CTDO, next
               station also the same bottle lower than CTDO."  O2 gradient,
               slightly higher than 242, 243 and 244 well within specs of
               the measurement.  Other parameters do not indicate a problem
               with this bottle.  Different O2 flasks used for these two
               stations and O2 draw temperature appears reasonable.  O2 is
               acceptable.

102            Delta-S at 2845db is -0.0025.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 242

120            NO3/PO4 low. Nutrient analyst rechecked data, made minor
               change to PO4. NO3 is higher, could be questionable.  PI:
               "Looks okay on NO3/PO4 and sigma theta/NO3 within specs,
               data are acceptable."

106            Delta-S at 2550db is 0.0014.  Salinity as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low
               compared with CTDO."  O2 agrees with Station 244. O2 draw
               temperature is reasonable.  O2 is acceptable.

101            Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leaked-ok when reseated."
               Delta-S at 2791db is 0.0014.  Oxygen as well as other
               samples are acceptable.

STATION 243

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

129            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTDO."  O2
               agrees with previous stations, 242 and 241.  O2 is higher
               than next station 244.  O2 is acceptable.

123-128        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

114            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 low compared with CTDO."  O2
               agrees with adjacent stations.  O2 is acceptable.

104            Delta-S at 2500db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.







105-106        Sample Log: "Salinity drawing test, no oxygen or nutrients."

101            PO4 appears high on press vs. po4 plot. Nutrient analyst
               made correction to data, value much better.  PI: "NO3/PO4
               look okay, data are acceptable."

STATION 244

113            Sample Log: "Small leak bottom end cap."

103            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared to CTDO and nearby
               casts."  O2 does appear higher than adjacent stations vs.
               pressure.  However, appears to be okay comparing adjacent
               stations SiO3 vs. O2. Also Sigma 4 vs. O2 appears
               acceptable.  O2 is acceptable.

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Transmissometer signal drop-nephels layer
               at bottom, may correspond with CTDO feature.  CTDO fit low
               compared to bottom bottles; may be real.  Code CTDO
               questionable."

STATION 245

127            Sample Log: "Bottom cap dripping after venting."  Salinity
               and other samples are acceptable.

126            Delta-S at 102db is 0.0294.  Gradient, spike in the CTD up
               trace, footnote CTD salinity bad. Salinity and other samples
               are acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

103            Delta-S at 2420db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with
               slowdown for bottom approach. Transmissometer signal drop-
               nephels layer at bottom, may correspond with CTDO feature.
               CTDO fit low compared to bottom bottles; part-all may be
               real. Code CTDO questionable."

STATION 246

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

103            Delta-S at 2420db is -0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 247

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

STATION 248

124-127        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

113            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Delta-S at 1100db is
               0.0066.  Salinity and other data are acceptable.  PI: "Sigma
               theta/O2 fine, code 2, acceptable."

101-105        NO3, PO4 and Salinity lower than adjoining stations, O2 and
               Sil higher.  PI: "Theta/S tight except for 102; 102 similar
               to Station 247.  Sigma2/O2 within 0.02 within spec, code 2,
               acceptable, for S, O2.  NO3/PO4 within specs, code 2,
               acceptable, low by ~0.1-0.2 and 0.01-0.02, respectively."

STATION 249

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

123            PI: "O2 high compared to other stations within specs code 2,
               acceptable."






122            PI: "O2 high compared to other stations within specs code 2,
               acceptable."

101            Delta-S at 2238db is 0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101-102        CTDO Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with
               slowdown for bottom approach. Transmissometer signal drop-
               nephels layer at bottom, may correspond with CTDO feature.
               Odd CTDO shape near bottom; part-all may be real.  Code CTDO
               questionable."

STATION 250

124-126        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

115            PI: "High PO4/NO3 compared to Stas. 246-247, within specs,
               data are acceptable."

106            Sample Log: "Bottom end cap dripping-okay when reseated."
               Oxygen as well as other samples are acceptable.

105-106        PI: "High PO4/NO3 compared to Stas. 246-247, within specs,
               data are acceptable."

101            Delta-S at 2126db is -0.0024.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 251

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

122            Oxygen: "Overtitrate."  Oxygen is acceptable.  PI: "O2 0.1
               high, footnote questionable."

106            Oxygen: "Overtitrate, no stirrer bar."  Oxygen does not fit
               station profile, adjoining station comparison or CTDO. Other
               samples appear to be okay.  Footnote oxygen bad.

STATION 252

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

101            CTDO Processor: "Bottom CTDO signal drop coincides with
               slowdown for bottom approach. Transmissometer signal drop-
               nephels layer at bottom, may correspond with CTDO feature.
               CTDO drop at bottom; part-all may be real.  Code CTDO
               questionable."

STATION 253

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.  Helium/Tritium samples
               incorrectly taken without Salinity or oxygen. Bottle
               integrity unknown for these samples.

135            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

129            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

123            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

120            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.







117            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

114            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

108            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

102            Helium and tritium only samples drawn.  No other samples
               drawn.  Samplers were informed that at least salinity should
               be drawn.

STATION 254

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

STATION 255

125            Delta-S at 65db is -0.027.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as other
               samples are acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the
               CTD Salinity is coded bad.

120            Oxygen appears ~0.1 high.  Footnote oxygen questionable.
               PI: "Compares with 248, 250 that are neighbors on line. On
               sigma theta/oxygen, oxygen is high, footnote questionable."

116            Sample Log: "Detritus on draincock."  Samples are
               acceptable.

108-119        CTD Processor: "Upcast salinity offset -0.003 psu; not
               despiked. CTD salinity profile usually "jumped" back to
               correct value at bottle trip, however, not on these bottles.
               Code CTD salinity questionable."  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded questionable.

104            Delta-S at 2048db is 0.0037.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, frequently indicating a problem
               with the samples.  Salinity is 0.001 higher than adjacent
               stations.  This is within the specs of the measurement.
               Salinity is acceptable.  CTD Processor: "Upcast salinity
               offset -0.003 psu; not despiked. CTD salinity profile
               usually "jumped" back to correct value at bottle trip,
               however, not on these bottles. Code CTD salinity
               questionable."  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

STATION 256

117            Sample Log: "Free flowing before venting-bottom cap loose."
               Oxygen as well as other samples are acceptable.

117-120        PI: "Low NO3/PO4, low compared to all surrounding stations."
               PI: "PO4 high by ~0.01 within specs, data are acceptable."
               Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made correction to NO3.

112            CTD Processor: "Upcast salinity offset -0.003 psu; not
               despiked. CTD salinity profile usually "jumped" back to
               correct value at bottle trip, however, not on these bottles.
               Code CTD salinity questionable."  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded questionable.

107-108        NO3 either low on 108 or high on 107.  Nutrient analyst
               rechecked data and could not find any analytical problems.
               PI: "Looks like denitrification step in reverse?."

107-110        CTD Processor: "Upcast salinity offset -0.003 psu; not
               despiked. CTD salinity profile usually "jumped" back to
               correct value at bottle trip, however, not on these bottles.
               Code CTD salinity questionable."  No CTDO is calculated






               because the CTD Salinity is coded questionable.

101-102        PO4 appears a little high, nutrient analyst rechecked data
               made minor changes to 101, 102, and 103. Data much better on
               the comparison with adjoining stations.  PI: "Similar
               curvature to other stations, falls in envelope, data are
               acceptable."

101-103        CTD Processor: "Upcast salinity offset -0.003 psu; not
               despiked. CTD salinity profile usually "jumped" back to
               correct value at bottle trip, however, not on these bottles.
               Code CTD salinity questionable."  No CTDO is calculated
               because the CTD Salinity is coded questionable.

STATION 257

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

129            Delta-S at 26db is -0.031.  Salinity as well as other data
               are acceptable.  CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for
               final pressure-series data. Winch stopped to check possible
               problem. Sharp gradient, CTDO spikes.  Code CTDO
               questionable."

124-125        PI: "NO3/PO4 high." Nutrient analyst rechecked data and
               could find no analytical problem.

119            Oxygen appears a little high compared with adjoining
               stations, O2 high compared with silicate. Silicate,
               phosphate nitrate slightly low on station profile. Salinity
               does not show this feature, suspect data acceptable.  PI:
               "O2 high by 0.06, misdraw? footnote questionable same as 18.
               Temperature change on draw too large to make that possible."
               Oxygen draw temperature 0.3 different between bottle 18 and
               this bottle.

112            CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, signal
               spikes/cutouts. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless
               otherwise indicated. Code CTDO despiked."

STATION 258

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

112            Delta-S at 1400db is 0.0115.  Salinity high compared with
               adjoining stations; other data are acceptable.  PI: "High on
               theta/salinity plot, footnote questionable."

108            See 107 NO3 PI comment. NO3 is acceptable.

107            NO3 appears high compared with adjoining stations.  Nutrient
               analyst rechecked data and found no analytical problems.
               PI: "High by 0.1 to 0.2 on Sigma2/NO3 within specs, data are
               acceptable."

STATION 259

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

133            Delta-S at 61db is 0.1185.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Gradient area.  Salinity and
               other data acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the
               CTD Salinity is coded bad.

STATION 260

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

104-108        PO4 may be high. Nutrient analyst recheck data found peaks
               slightly noisy, but okay.  PI: "Difference 0.01 to 0.02 in
               sigma 2/PO4, data are acceptable."

101-115        CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, small-scale
               noise. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless otherwise






               indicated. Code CTDO despiked."

STATION 261

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

125-131        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area.  Code
               CTDO questionable."

112            NO3 may be low on station profile, but agrees with Station
               259. Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made minor
               corrections.  Data looks much better.  PI: "Low by 0.2
               compared to Station 258 in sigma 2/NO3 within specs, data
               are acceptable."

105            NO3 may be low on station profile, but agrees with Station
               259. Nutrient analyst rechecked data and found no analytical
               problems.  PI: "NO3 higher by 0.2, 0.1 than Station 258 and
               262 on sigma 2/NO3, within specs, data are acceptable."

STATION 262

128-131        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area."  Code
               CTDO questionable."

126            PI: "NO3/PO4 high, within specs, data are acceptable."

121            Sample Log: "Drips from bottom cap when vented."  Oxygen as
               well as other data are acceptable.

106            Nutrient analyst rechecked and corrected value, still low
               but within specs.  PI: "NO3 low by 0.1 on sigma 2/NO3
               compared to Station 261, within specs, data are acceptable."

STATION 263

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.  PI: "This station similar to
               230-235, fresh high O2 signal in bottles 131-132 unique. No
               analytical problems, data are acceptable."

132            Delta-S at 96db is 0.0624.  Spike in the CTD uptrace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as other data
               are acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

126            PI: Delta-S is 0.0045 @250db, okay for high gradient zone,
               data is acceptable."  Salinity bottle had a loose thimble,
               Autosal took a couple readings before getting two to agree.
               Change to first reading.  Salinity was 35.032 now 35.029 and
               Delta-S 0.00017.

121-129        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area."  Code
               CTDO questionable."

116            PI: "Delta-S is 0.0059 @1149db, footnote salinity
               uncertain."  Salinity bottle had a loose thimble, Autosal
               took a couple readings before getting two to agree. Change
               to first reading.  Salinity was 34.911 now 34.905 and Delta-
               S -0.0002.  Salinity is acceptable.

113            PI: Delta-S is 0.0035 @1600db, footnote salinity uncertain."
               Autosal took a couple readings before getting two to agree.
               Change to first reading.  Salinity was 34.834 now 34.832 and
               Delta-S -0.0011.  Salinity is acceptable.

112            PI: "High on theta/S, footnote salinity questionable."
               Salinity analyst had many problems with this run, got
               multiple readings, use the first reading. Salinity Autosal
               took a couple readings before getting two to agree. Change
               to first reading.  Salinity was 34.810 now 34.809 and Delta-
               S -0.0006.  Salinity is acceptable.

108            PI: "Off neighboring theta/S points, CTD/Bottle compare,
               within specs, data are acceptable."






103            Delta-S at 3016db is 0.0037.  Salinity is slightly higher
               compared with adjoining stations, but so is O2, NO3 and Sil
               are lower.  PI: "Significantly off theta/S curve, footnote
               salinity questionable."

STATION 264

122-130        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area."  Code
               CTDO questionable."

121            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

110            Delta-S at 2150db is 0.0022.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101-108        Nutrient analyst found that silicate came out higher on this
               station and 265. Could not find any analytical  problems.
               High nutrient seawater came out higher which was the
               indication that silicate may be high.  PI: "SiO3/O2
               relationship fits as intermediate to later stations in
               bottom water, tight curve in mid-depths, data are
               acceptable."

STATION 265

125-132        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fits high in minimum O2 area."  Code
               CTDO questionable."

113            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen and other data
               are acceptable.

109            See 101-105 Silicate comment and PI comment.

108            Sample Log: "Salinity drawing test, no oxygen or nutrients."

107            See 101-105 Silicate comment and PI comment.

106            Sample Log: "Salinity drawing test, no oxygen or nutrients."

101-105        Nutrient analyst found that silicate came out higher on this
               station and 264. Could not find any analytical  problems.
               High nutrient seawater came out higher which was the
               indication that silicate may be high.  However, Oxygen
               appears lower than adjoining stations.  PI: "SiO3/O2
               relationship fits as intermediate to later stations in
               bottom water, tight curve in mid-depths, data are
               acceptable."

STATION 266

132-136        CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit off compared to bottles, surface
               to O2 minimum.  Code CTDO questionable."

131            Delta-S at 122db is -0.0319.  Spike in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as other data
               are acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

130            CTDO Processor: "CTDO fit off compared to bottles, surface
               to O2 minimum.  Code CTDO questionable."

129            Delta-S at 144db is -0.0746.  Spikes in the CTD up trace,
               footnote CTD salinity bad.  Salinity as well as other data
               are acceptable.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD
               Salinity is coded bad.

128            Delta-S at 156db is 0.0325.  Salinity is low, oxygen high
               compared on station profile and adjoining stations. However,
               CTD also shows the salinity feature.  Spike in the CTD up
               trace, footnote CTD salinity bad.  Other data are
               acceptable.  PI: "Low salinity point in theta/S, appears at
               no other stations. High gradient firing on feature, data are






               acceptable."  CTDO fit off compared to bottles, surface to
               O2 minimum.  No CTDO is calculated because the CTD Salinity
               is coded bad.

121            Sample Log: "Slow drip from bottom cap when vented."  Oxygen
               and other data are acceptable.

107            Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made corrections before
               giving to PI.  PI: "NO3 & PO4 high compared to surrounding
               stations, 0.3 and 0.03, respectively, on Sigma 4 compared to
               Station 269, within spec, data are acceptable."

104            Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made corrections before
               giving to PI.  PI: "High PO4 tied to transition in bottom
               boundary layer.  Fits on shallower trend and water mass to
               east. Nutrient minimum below correlates with high O2. Water
               mass change in boundary layer. NO3/PO4 ratio okay, data are
               acceptable."

103            PI: "High Salinity on theta/S compared to 267 on.  Delta-S
               is 0.0011. Fits over theta/S for Station 265, within specs,
               salinity is acceptable."

STATION 267

121            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

114            Sample Log: "Dripping from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

111            PI: "Salinity off on theta/S, Delta-S is -0.0027, footnote
               salinity questionable."

104            PI: "Low nutrient water associated with O2 max layer and
               topographic effect. Fits to general curves. NO3/PO4 okay.
               Data are acceptable."

102            Delta-S at 3421db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Delta-S at 3452db is -0.0032.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 268

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

STATION 269

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

123            PI: "Oxygen high on SiO3 and Sigma Theta plots. Footnote
               oxygen questionable."

106-111        CTDO fit high compared to bottles Code CTDO questionable."

103            Delta-S at 3570db is -0.0026.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Delta-S at 3618db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 270

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

132            Oxygen appears low on station profile and with previous
               stations.  However, value agrees with CTDO profile, but low
               compared with 271 and 269.  PI: "Agrees with low O2 feature






               on Station 266 and Stations 237-240 on eastern line, O2 is
               acceptable."

118            Oxygen: "Lost some reagent."  Oxygen appears low on station
               profile and with adjoining stations, however, it agrees with
               CTDO and agrees with 271.  PI: "Close to surrounding
               stations in Sigma Theta/O2 (+0.001 to +0.03), O2 is
               acceptable."

107            Oxygen: "Draw temperature out of sequence, 6.2 between 4.9
               (for 6) and 5.5 (for 8).  Oxygen appears high on station
               profile and with adjoining stations, however, it agrees with
               CTDO and agrees with 271.  PI: "Fits in range on Sigma 4/O2
               plot, doesn't look high.  Other draws, He drawn, but also
               drawn on neighboring bottles."

106            Autosal took several readings before agreement between two
               were obtained. Salinity analyst did not write down the first
               reading and the others are too high. Footnote salinity bad.
               Delta-S at 3149db is 0.0026.  PI: "Way off on theta/S,
               footnote bad."

STATION 271

126            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.  PI: "O2 consistent with O2
               feature in other stations, O2 is acceptable."

118            PO4 high.  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made minor
               corrections.  PI: "The NO3-PO4 maximum compares with
               Stations 225-235 range on eastern line, data are
               acceptable."

116            PO4 high.  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made minor
               corrections.  PI: "The NO3-PO4 maximum compares with
               Stations 225-235 range on eastern line, data are
               acceptable."

115            NO3 high.  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and made minor
               corrections.  PI: "The NO3-PO4 maximum compares with
               Stations 225-235 range on eastern line, nitrate is
               acceptable.  O2 lower on SiO3/O2 and Sigma 2/O2 plots by 0.1
               and 0.05, respectively, compared to surrounding stations.
               Footnote oxygen questionable."

107            NO3/PO4 low, silicate, oxygen and salinity are okay.
               Nutrient analyst rechecked data, made corrections and values
               agree with adjoining stations.  This had an odd looking
               peak.  PI: "-0.02 delta PO4 with Station 271, +0.2 delta NO3
               with Station 273 on Sigma 2/Nutrient, within specs, data are
               acceptable."

104            Delta-S at 3598db is -0.004.  Salinity is low compared to
               adjoining stations and station profile. Footnote salinity
               questionable.  Other data are acceptable.  PI: "Off on
               theta/S curve, footnote salinity questionable."

STATION 272

Cast 1         Sample Log: "Blank test bottle 19 is the deepest bottle."
               Bottles fired starting at 19 (deepest)-36, 1-18 (shallowest)
               for bottle freon test.

128            Oxygen appears 0.1 high, but CTDO has a feature that
               indicates oxygen is okay.  Oxygen agrees with Station 273.
               PI: "Agrees with later stations, oxygen is acceptable.
               Higher O2's comparable to Stas 227-233 at same latitude to
               cast-connections across 90E Ridge?"

126            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen appears to be
               okay. Oxygen agrees with CTDO.  Oxygen agrees with Station
               273.  Delta-S at 3000db is -0.0058.  Salinity is high
               compared to adjoining stations and station profile. Footnote
               salinity questionable.  PI: "Salinity well off theta/S,






               footnote questionable."

120            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared to CTDO."  O2 could
               be 0.01 high, but this is within WOCE specs.  O2 draw
               temperature is reasonable.  O2 is acceptable.

STATION 273

Cast 1         No comments on Sample Log.

110            PI: "Low SiO3 on SiO3/O2 (O2 fine on Sigma2/O2) agrees with
               Station 274."  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and found no
               analytical problems.

104            Oxygen high but agrees with CTDO, same feature is in Station
               274, and same feature is in other properties.  PO4, NO3 and
               Sil lower on stations profile.  PI: "Oxygen in line with 274
               on O2/SiO3 plot, but higher and at lower SiO3. Sigma 4/O2
               fits into earlier stations - but this is deep, footnote all
               data questionable."  Nutrient analyst rechecked data and
               found no analytical problems in PO4, NO3, made minor change
               in SiO3.  PI: "Agrees with Stations 275-276, data are
               acceptable."

102            CTDO Processor: "Bottle O2 high compared with CTDO."  O2
               does appear 0.01 high when compared with adjacent stations
               vs. pressure. However, O2 draw temperature is reasonable,
               and O2 appears acceptable vs. SiO3.  O2 is acceptable.

STATION 274

126-127        Oxygen high compared with adjoining stations, and station
               profile, nutrients low indicating the same feature.  There
               is a 0.4 difference in the draw temperature with 26.  Oxygen
               is acceptable.  PI: "This fits with Stations 216-221 on
               eastern line, samples are acceptable."  CTD Processor also
               identified a difference between the down up profiles of
               oxygen.

125            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

121            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.

116            PI: "O2 high on Sigma2/O2 and SiO3/O2 curves, agrees with
               Station 275, O2 is acceptable."

112            Delta-S at 2001db is -0.0023.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

107            Oxygen low compared with adjoining stations, nutrients high
               indicating same feature. Oxygen and nutrients agree with
               272.  PI: "This fits on earlier curves. Widely spread
               stations make intercomparisons hard here, samples are
               acceptable. SiO3/O2 curve close to Stations 271,272."

104            Delta-S at 3900db is -0.003.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

101            Delta-S at 4102db is -0.0021.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

STATION 275

128            Sample Log: "Free flow before venting."  Oxygen as well as
               other data are acceptable.

123            Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom."  Oxygen as well as other
               data are acceptable.







108            Delta-S at 3298db is 0.0031.  Salinity is high compared with
               adjoining stations.  Autosal took three tries before having
               two readings agree. Analyst did not write down the first
               number, suspect salt crystal caused the higher salinity.
               Footnote salinity questionable.  PI: "Salinity high on
               theta/S, salinity is questionable."

STATION 276

Cast 1         No comments on the Sample Log.

124            PI: "NO3/PO4 relation fine. Points in NO3 and PO4 high vs.
               Sigma Theta, very variable region, data are acceptable."

123            PO4/NO3 low. Nutrient analyst rechecked data and found no
               analytical problems.  Silicate and oxygen and CTDO also show
               this feature.  Salinity agrees with CTD trace.  Data are
               acceptable.

122            PI: "Delta-S is -0.0035, theta/S on station curves, suspect
               CTD Salinity is questionable, footnote questionable."
               Autosal diagnostics do not indicate a problem with salinity.
               CTD Processor: "CTD salinity is acceptable."  Do not code as
               questionable.

116            Delta-S at 1401db is 0.0048.  No analytical problem, but
               salinity is higher compared with adjoining stations.
               Footnote salinity uncertain.

113            Delta-S at 2251db is 0.0029.  Autosal diagnostics indicate 3
               tries to get a good reading, indicating a problem with the
               samples.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.  Footnote
               salinity questionable.

STATION 277

Cast 1         No comments from Sample Log.  Bottles fired starting at 19
               (deepest)-36, 1-18 (shallowest) for freon blank test.

112            Delta-S at 202db is 0.03.  Autosal diagnostics do not
               indicate a problem.  Out of WOCE spec of measurement.
               Footnote salinity questionable.

102            Oxygen: "Spilled some sample."  Oxygen too low, footnote
               bad.  PI: "Way off SiO3/O2 and way off density plots, agree
               with footnote bad."

101            CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, signal
               spikes/cutouts. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless
               otherwise indicated. Code CTDO questionable."

129            PI: "Low SiO3?"  Footnote questionable.  Nutrient analyst
               rechecked data and found no analytical problems, low on
               trace.

125            Delta-S at 3393db is 0.0025.  Salinity high compared to
               adjoining stations.  Autosal took 3 readings to get two to
               agree.  Suspect first reading was correct, but analyst did
               not record that number.  Footnote salinity uncertain.

122            CTDO Processor: "CTDO signal unusually noisy, signal
               spikes/cutouts. Despiked raw CTDO, data okay unless
               otherwise indicated. Code CTDO questionable."

121            CTD Processor: "Bottle O2 is high compared with CTD."
               Further data investigation found that the O2 draw
               temperature is a little low. PO4 also appears a little low
               and SiO3 appears a little high.  Salinity agrees with
               previous station.  Oxygen is slightly high compared with
               next leg (I8N), Station 293, but is acceptable.

119-121        CTDO Processor: "Used up-cast data for final pressure-series
               data. CTDO fit high.  Code CTDO questionable."




