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A.  CRUISE REPORT: AIS01
    (Last Update December 2008)

A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS

                             CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

        Section designation  AIS01                              AIS01
    Expedition designations  09AR20010101                       09AR20020126
           Chief Scientists  Nathan Bindoff/IASOS               John Church/CSIRO
                             Graham Hosie/IASOS                
                      Dates  2001 JAN 01 - 2001 MAR09           2002 JAN 26 - 2002 MAR 08
                       Ship  RSV Aurora Australis               RSV Aurora Australis
              Ports of call  Hobart, Aus to Davis,  Aus         Hobart, Aus to Mawson, Aus
         Number of stations  96                                 55
                                                               
                                       59°33.61'S                        64°41.05'S
      Geographic boundaries  62°47.95'E          105°12.81'E    70°16.30E          75°21.50'E
                                       69°00.02'S                        69°25.92'S
                                                               
   Floats/drifters deployed  0 
Moorings deployed/recovered  9 Deployed                         9 recovered 
       Contributing Authors  C. Curran   M. Rosenberg


    Prof. Dr. Nathan Bindoff • Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies 
         University of Tasmania Private Bag 37 • Hobart, TAS 7001 • Australia 
      Tel: +61 3 6226 2986 • Fax: +61 3 6226 2986 • Email: N.Bindoff@utas.edu.au 
    
         Dr. Graham Hosie • Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies
              University of Tasmania  • Australian Antarctic Division 
                203 Channel Highway • Kingston, TAS 7050 • Australia 
     Tel: +61 3 6232 3364 • Fax: +61 3 6232 3288 • Email: graham.hosie@aad.gov.au
    
                       Dr. John Church • CSIRO Marine Research 
                    GPO Box 1538 • Hobart, TAS  7001 • Australia 
                 Tel: +61 3 6232 5207 • Email: john.church@csiro.au
    
    



COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE
ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN ENVIRONMENT
(ANTARCTIC CRC)

Amery Ice Shelf Experiment (AMISOR), 
Marine Science Cruises AU0106 and AU0207
Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis

Antarctic CRC Research Report No. 30
ISBN: 1 875796 26 6
ISSN: 1320-730X
September 2002
Hobart, Australia



LIST OF CONTENTS 



ABSTRACT   


PART 1  OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

1.1  INTRODUCTION
1.2  CRUISE ITINERARIES AND SUMMARIES
1.3  FIELD DATA COLLECTION METHODS
     1.3.1  CTD Instrumentation
     1.3.2  ADCP
     1.3.3  Underway measurements
     1.3.4  Sediment grab.
     1.3.5  Moorings
1.4  CTD AND HYDROLOGY RESULTS
     1.4.1  CTD data
            1.4.1.1   Conductivity/salinity
            1.4.1.2  Temperature
            1.4.1.3  Pressure
            1.4.1.4  Dissolved oxygen
            1.4.1.5  Fluorescence
     1.4.2  Hydrology data

APPENDIX 1.1  HYDROCHEMISTRY CRUISE LABORATORY REPORT
      A1.1.1  AU0106 HYDROCHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT
      A1.1.2  AU0207 HYDROCHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

APPENDIX 1.2  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM02 CTD DATA, 2000/2001 SEASON 
              DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY
      A1.2.1  INTRODUCTION
      A1.2.2  DATA CALIBRATION
      A1.2.3  DATA QUALITY
      A1.2.4  DATA FILE FORMATS
  
APPENDIX 1.3  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM01 CTD DATA, 2001/2002 SEASON
              DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY
      A1.3.1  INTRODUCTION
      A1.3.2  DATA CALIBRATION
      A1.3.3  DATA QUALITY
      A1.3.4  DATA FILE FORMATS


APPENDIX 1.4.  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLES AM01 AND AM02 MICROCAT DATA
               DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY


PART 2.  OCEANOGRAPHIC MOORING DATA

2.1  INTRODUCTION
2.2  INITIAL DATA PROCESSING
     2.2.1  General
     2.2.2  Microcat and  SBE39
     2.2.3  Aanderaa RCM's
     2.2.4  Moored ADCP
2.3  DATA QUALITY AND FURTHER DATA PROCESSING
     2.3.1  Microcat and SBE39 data
     2.3.2  Aanderaa RCM data
     2.3.3  Moored ADCP data
 

APPENDIX 2.1    MOORING DATA FILE FORMATS

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF FIGURES (see pdf report for figures)

PART 1 
Figure 1.1:  Mooring deployment locations from cruise AU0106, CTD station 
             positions from leg1 on cruise AU0106, and ice shelf borehole 
             sites.
Figure 1.2:  AU0106 cruise track and CTD station positions.
Figure 1.3:  AU0207 cruise track and CTD station positions.
Figure 1.4a: ADCP 30 minute ensemble data for cruise au0106.
Figure 1.4b: ADCP 30 minute ensemble data for cruise au0207.
Figure 1.5a: Apparent vertical current shear calculated from uncorrected 
             (i.e. ship speed included) ADCP velocities for cruise au0106.
Figure 1.5b: Apparent vertical current shear calculated from uncorrected 
             (i.e. ship speed included) ADCP velocities for cruise au0207.
Figure 1.6:  Conductivity ratio c(btl)/c(cal) versus station number for 
             cruises au0106 and au0207. The solid line follows the mean of 
             the residuals for each station; the broken lines are ± the 
             standard deviation of the residuals for each station. 25 
Figure 1.7:  Salinity residual (s(btl) - s(cal)) versus station number for 
             cruises au0106 and au0207. The solid line is the mean of all 
             the residuals; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation 
             of all the residuals.  
Figure 1.8a: Comparison between CTD platinum temperature and digital and 
             mercury reversing thermometers for cruise au0106.
Figure 1.8b: Comparison between CTD platinum temperature and digital 
             reversing thermometers for cruise au0207.
Figure 1.9a: Dissolved oxygen residual (o(btl) - o(cal)) versus station 
             number for cruise au0106. The solid line follows the mean 
             residual for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard 
             deviation of the residuals for each station.
Figure 1.9b: Dissolved oxygen residual (o(btl) - o(cal)) versus station 
             number for cruise au0207. The solid line follows the mean 
             residual for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard 
             deviation of the residuals for each station.
Figure 1.10: Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for au0207.


APPENDIX 1.2 

Figure A1.2.1:  Salinity residual (bottle - FSI) for au0106 data, after 
                calibration.
Figure A1.2.2:  CTD station positions for cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1, and 
                Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02.
Figure A1.2.3:  Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0106, station 94.
Figure A1.2.4:  Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0106, station 95.
Figure A1.2.5:  Difference between GO and FSI CTD temperature data, cruise 
                au0106, stations 94 and 95.
Figure A1.2.6:  Difference between GO and FSI CTD salinity data, cruise 
                au0106, stations 94 and 95.
Figure A1.2.7:  Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02 CTD data: downcast temperature 
                data below 300 dbar.
Figure A1.2.8:  Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02 CTD data: downcast salinity 
                data below 300 dbar.
Figure A1.2.9:  Cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 CTD data: downcast temperature 
                data below 300 dbar.
Figure A1.2.10: Cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 CTD data: downcast salinity data 
                below 300 dbar.


APPENDIX 1.3 

Figure A1.3.1:  Salinity residual (bottle - FSI) for au0207 data, after 
                application of ship- derived conductivity correction to FSI 
                data. 
Figure A1.3.2:  CTD station positions for cruise au0207, and Amery Ice 
                Shelf boreholes AM01 and AM02 from the 2001/2002 and 
                2000/2001 seasons respectively.
Figure A1.3.3:  Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0207, station 
                54.
Figure A1.3.4:  Difference between GO and FSI CTD temperature data, cruise 
                au0207, station 54.
Figure A1.3.5:  Difference between GO and FSI CTD salinity data, cruise 
                au0207, station 54.
Figure A1.3.6:  Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM01 CTD data: downcast 
                temperature and salinity data below 300 dbar.
Figure A1.3.7:  Cruise au0207 CTD data: downcast temperature and salinity 
                data below 300 dbar.



LIST OF TABLES

PART 1

Table 1.1:  Summary of cruise itineraries
Table 1.2a: Summary of station information for cruise AU0106. All times 
            are UTC.
Table 1.2b: Summary of station information for cruise AU0207. All times 
            are UTC.
Table 1.3:  Summary of mooring deployments and recoveries.
Table 1.4:  Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water 
            sampling programs.
Table 1.5a: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0106.
Table 1.5b: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0207.
Table 1.6:  AMISOR CTD stations sampled for helium, tritium and 18O.
Table 1.7:  ADCP logging and calibration parameters fro cruises au0106 and 
            au0207.
Table 1.8:  Site numbers on the main AMISOR CTD transect line (Figure 1.1) 
            where a Shipek sediment grab sample was collected.
Table 1.9:  Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD's used 
            during the different cruises. Note that platinum temperature 
            calibrations are for the ITS-90 scale.
Table 1.10: Surface pressure offsets. ** indicates value estimated from 
            manual inspection of data.
Table 1.11: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients.
Table 1.12: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3 . 
            N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope 
            and station-dependent correction calibration terms respectively.
Table 1.13: CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing.
Table 1.14: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files.
Table 1.15: 2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values.
Table 1.16: Suspect 2 dbar averages.
Table 1.17: Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from hydrology 
            data file).
Table 1.18: Questionable dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from 
            hydrology data file).
Table 1.19: Reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are 
            listed.
Table 1.20: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients.


APPENDIX 1.2
Table A1.2.1: CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM02 CTD's, 
              and Aurora Australis cruise au0106 FSI calibration CTD's.

APPENDIX 1.3
Table A1.3.1: CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM01 CTD's, 
              and Aurora Australis cruise au0207 FSI calibration CTD's.

APPENDIX 1.4
Table A1.4.1  Borehole microcat details.


PART 2

Table 2.1: Instrument types used on AMISOR moorings.
Table 2.2: Summary of mooring details. Note: magdec=average magnetic 
           declination.
Table 2.3: Instrument clock errors.
Table 2.4: Aanderaa RCM5, 8 and 9 sensor calibration date
Table 2.5: CTD stations suitable for comparison with mooring microcat data.
Table 2.6: Summary of cautions to mooring instrument data quality.





 AMERY ICE SHELF EXPERIMENT (AMISOR),  MARINE SCIENCE CRUISES AU0106 AND 
         AU0207 - OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS


ABSTRACT

Oceanographic measurements were conducted in the vicinity of the Amery Ice 
Shelf on two cruises, during the southern summers of 2000/2001 and 
2001/2002.  A CTD transect parallel to the front of the Amery Ice Shelf was 
occupied on both cruises, including repeat occupations on each cruise.  A 
total of 100 CTD vertical profile stations were taken near the ice shelf, 
most to within 20 m of the bottom, and over 1150 Niskin bottle water 
samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, 
nutrients, helium, tritium, oxygen 18 and biological parameters, using a 12 
bottle rosette sampler mounted on either a 24 or 12 bottle frame.  On the 
first cruise, an additional 39 CTD stations were occupied around an 
experimental krill survey area in the vicinity of Mawson.  Additional CTD 
stations were taken at the end of each cruise for calibration of CTD 
instrumentation from borehole sites on the Amery Ice Shelf.  Near surface 
current data were collected on both cruises using a ship mounted ADCP.  An 
array of 9 moorings comprising current meters, thermosalinographs and 
upward looking sonars were deployed along the ice shelf front in February 
2001 during the first cruise, and retrieved on the second cruise in 
February 2002.  A summary of all data and data quality is presented in this 
report.



PART 1: OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS


1.1. INTRODUCTION

The Amery Ice Shelf Oceanographic Research experiment (AMISOR) is comprised 
of two fieldwork components - the ongoing ice shelf based instrumentation 
deployments (Craven et al., Antarctic Division data report, in prep.), and 
the completed ship-based CTD and mooring work (Figure 1.1).  This report 
describes the ship-based component, from the two Antarctic marine science 
cruises AU0106 and AU0207, conducted aboard the Australian Antarctic 
Division vessel RSV Aurora Australis.

The primary oceanographic aims of the experiment are:

  • to describe the present distribution, in both space and time, of the 
    melt water from the Amery Ice Shelf cavity, as observed at the front of 
    the ice shelf;
  • to estimate the thermohaline circulation at the front of the ice shelf;
  • to estimate the freshwater flux from underneath the ice shelf, and the 
    heat flux into the ice shelf, including the seasonal cycle;
  • to estimate the role of sea ice on the thermohaline circulation beneath 
    the ice shelf;
  • to determine appropriate oceanographic initial conditions for forward 
    modelling of the thermohaline circulation beneath the ice shelf.

Part 1 of this reports describes the CTD, Niskin bottle, hull mounted ADCP 
and underway data and data quality.  Part 2 describes the mooring data. 
Data and data quality for the CTD and thermosalinograph measurements made 
through the borehole on the Amery Ice Shelf are summarised in appendices.

AU0106

Cruise AU0106 took place from January to March 2001 (Figure 1.2), 
commencing the ship-based oceanographic component of AMISOR.  The first 
major consituent of the cruise was a fine scale krill and hydroacoustic 
survey north of Mawson (principal investigators Graham Hosie, Tim Pauly and 
Steve Nicol, Australian Antarctic Division).  CTD profiles were measured 
from south to north along 5 transect lines in a box survey area north of 
Mawson (Figure 1.2).  (See Voyage 6 2000/2001 Voyage Leader's report for a 
summary of the programs and work completed on the cruise). The second major 
constituent of the cruise was the AMISOR program. CTD profiles were taken 
at 24 sites with an average spacing of ~5.3 miles along a 115 mile transect 
parallel to and approximately 2 to 3 miles from the front of the Amery Ice 
Shelf (Figure 1.2).  The transect was occupied twice during an 8 day 
period.  An array of 7 current meter/thermosalinograph moorings was 
deployed along the CTD transect line.  In addition, 2 upward looking sonar 
(ULS) moorings (principal investigator Ian Allison, Australian Antarctic 
Division) were deployed, one just north of the centre of the transect line, 
the other closer to Davis Station (Figure 1.1). CTD profiles were obtained 
at all mooring locations.

AU0207

Cruise AU0207 took place from January to March 2002 (Figure 1.3), 
completing the ship-based AMISOR work.  The AMISOR program was the major 
marine science component of the cruise.  Heavy sea ice conditions made 
rapid sequential completion of the CTD transect difficult; over a 13 day 
period all CTD sites were occupied, with repeat measurements at 10 of the 
sites, and with 2 additional mini transects (Figure 1.3, Table 1.2).  All 9 
moorings were recovered successfully. 


1.2.  CRUISE ITINERARIES AND SUMMARIES

CTD station details are summarised in Table 1.2; mooring deployment and 
recovery details are summarised in Table 1.3. Principal investigators for 
CTD and water sampling measurements are listed in Table 1.4, while cruise 
participants are listed in Table 1.5.

AU0106

The ship departed south from Hobart on January 1st 2001, with a single test 
CTD en route. Problems with the ship's CTD winch hydraulics, CTD gantry and 
gantry control made this test cast an extended operation over 2 days, and 
resulted in damage to several Niskin bottles. After the equipment was fixed 
and the test CTD successfully completed, the ship continued south en route 
to the vicinity of Mawson, and the krill survey work commenced north of 
Mawson. During the course of the trawling and hydroacoustic work, 39 CTD's 
were completed around the krill survey box, using a 24 bottle rosette. 
Casts were taken to a maximum pressure of 500 dbar, or to the bottom over 
bathymetry shallower than this (Table 1.2). After completion of the krill 
box, and resupply at Mawson, the ship was diverted to assist the MV Polar 
Bird, beset in sea ice in the vicinity of Casey. The ships met on February 
1st, and the Polar Bird was escorted through loosely packed heavy floes out 
into open water. The Aurora then returned west to Prydz Bay, stopping for 
trawling work en route; 3 CTD's were taken during a krill swarm experiment 
northwest of Casey, using a 12 bottle rosette (used for the remainder of 
the cruise). The planned eastern end of the AMISOR CTD transect was found 
to lie beneath the Publications Ice Shelf, so the transect commenced at the 
planned site 2 (Figure 1.1). After completion of the first CTD transect 
from east to west, the ship retraced the transect line from west to east 
for collection of underway ADCP data. Mooring work then commenced, with 
deployments from east to west. The CTD transect was then occupied a second 
time, from west to east. Lastly, the second ULS mooring at the eastern 
location towards Davis (Figure 1.1) was deployed. After completion of the 
oceanography work, intense hydroacoustic work commenced at a location north 
of Cape Darnley. The ship then visited Davis for resupply, including pickup 
of the Amery Ice Shelf drilling team and instrumentation. En route north 
back to Hobart, 2 CTD's were taken for calibration of the CTD used at the 
borehole location on the ice shelf (Appendix 1.2). 

AU0207

The ship departed Hobart on January 26th 2002, a delayed departure from the 
original schedule. Delays to the overall season had been caused by the 
required diversion of the Aurora earlier in the season to once again assist 
the MV Polar Bird. The satellite ice images available prior to departure 
showed persistent heavy sea ice covering much of Prydz Bay, blocking easy 
access to the experiment area. Indeed the southeastern moorings appeared to 
be beneath fast ice, and the expectation at the time of sailing was that 
only some of the CTD work would be possible, and not all of the moorings 
would be recovered. In the end the delayed departure from Hobart proved to 
be advantageous, as the last of the mooring sites only became accessible on 
the last allowable day of marine science work before leaving the Amery Ice 
Shelf region.

En route south from Hobart, 2 test CTD's were done. On approaching the 
experiment region, the ship broke ice to reach mooring site AMISOR8 (ULS1). 
Communication was established with the mooring, but there was too much sea 
ice to attempt recovery. Satellite images showed the western end of the ice 
shelf to be accessible, so the ship headed for the western end of the CTD 
transect. CTD sites 24 and 25 (Figure 1.1) were under fast ice, so the 
section was commenced ~1 mile northeast of site 24. The section was 
completed as far as site 16, before heavy ice prevented further progress 
eastwards. The ship returned to site 18 for commencement of a CTD time 
series station. On the third cast at the site, the entire rosette package 
was lost during the recovery.

Mooring work then commenced, with straightforward recoveries of AMISOR5, 
AMISOR6 and AMISOR7. CTD work was resumed at the western end of the 
transect, using a 12 bottle frame, and repeating the line from west to 
east. After the CTD at site 16, mooring AMISOR4 was recovered, then AMISOR9 
(ULS2) site was occupied. Initial communication with the acoustic release 
indicated the mooring was over 2 miles from the original deployment site. 
The mooring was tracked to the northwest by repeated communications, until 
a final location was calculated at 2.082 miles distance on a bearing of 
318.5° true from the deployment location, and in water ~85 m deeper. 
Recovery was not attempted at that time, due to ice conditions. CTD work 


TABLE 1.1.  Summary of cruise itineraries
________________________________________________________________________________________

                         AU0106                              AU0207
                         ----------------------------------  --------------------------
 Expedition Designation  AU0106,  voyage 6 2000/2001         AU0207, voyage 7 2001/2002
                         (cruise acronym KACTAS)             (cruise acronym LOSS)
 Chief Scientist         Nathan Bindoff (Antarctic CRC)      John Church (CSIRO)
                         Graham Hosie (Antarctic Division)
 Ship                    RSV Aurora Australis                RSV Aurora Australis
 Ports of Call           Hobart                              Hobart
                         Mawson                              Davis
                         Polar Bird rendezvous (near Casey)  Mawson
                         Davis
 Cruise Dates            January 1 - March 9, 2001           January 26 - March 8, 2002
________________________________________________________________________________________


resumed at site 15, continuing eastwards until site 8, and with a brief 
stop at AMISOR3 mooring (recovery not attempted due to ice). CTD site 7 was 
under fast ice, so a CTD was done ~3.5 miles to the northeast. The ship 
then left the transect line and headed northeast back to AMISOR8 (ULS1). A 
CTD was done near the site, then the mooring was recovered, in open water. 
Next, the ship headed as far south as possible, doing a mini CTD transect 
of 4 stations on the way (named the "east" transect). Another mini CTD 
transect of 5 stations was done offshore from the ice shelf, centered at 
site 15. The AMISOR9 (ULS2) mooring was then relocated and recovered (see 
Part 2 for details of position change of this mooring).

At this stage of the cruise, the difficult sea ice conditions meant that 
further marine science work was done on an opportunistic basis, alternating 
with logistical work for the Antarctic bases. Following the
recovery of AMISOR9 and then 2 days of helicopter operations, AMISOR3 was 
reoccupied, but ice conditions remained too heavy for recovery. The ship 
then went to Davis for resupply work. After Davis, AMISOR3 site was 
occupied again, but ice still prevented recovery. Later that day, 
helicopter reconnaissance revealed the site had cleared, so the mooring was 
revisited and successfully recovered. The ship continued eastwards, and 
AMISOR2 was recovered. Returning to CTD site 8, the CTD transect was 
resumed, completing sites 8 to 4. An attempt was then made to reach the 
final mooring AMISOR1, covered by fast ice up till that time. Within the 
space of a few hours the ice opened enough to allow the site to be reached 
and the mooring to be recovered. The CTD transect was then ended by 
completing sites 3 and 2. Note that access to these last few mooring sites 
had only been possible with the assistance of helicopter reconnaissance. 
Following resupply work at Mawson, and en route north back to Hobart, 3 
CTD's were done for calibration of the CTD instrument used at the borehole 
location on the Amery Ice Shelf (Appendix 1.3).


1.3.  FIELD DATA COLLECTION METHODS

1.3.1.  CTD instrumentation

AU0106

General Oceanics Mark IIIC CTD serial 1193, including dissolved oxygen 
sensor, was used for the entire cruise, mounted on a 24 bottle rosette 
frame, together with a G.O. model 1015 pylon. For stations 1 to 40, a 24 
position pylon was used to accommodate the high vertical density biological 
sampling from the Niskin bottles; a 12 position pylon was used for the 
remainder of the cruise (including the AMISOR work). 10 litre G.O. Niskin 
bottles were used for sample collection. A Benthos altimeter serial 142 was 
fitted for bottom location, and deep sea reversing thermometers, both 
mercury (Gohla-Precision) and digital (SIS model RTM4002X), were mounted 
for checks of CTD temperature calibration. A Sea Tech fluorometer was also 
mounted on the frame for all casts. For stations 94 and 95 an internally 
recording FSI 3" MicroCTD, from the borehole work on the ice shelf, was 
attached to the frame next to the G.O. CTD sensors (see Appendix 1.2).

Bottle samples for salinity and dissolved oxygen were taken at all 
stations, except for stations 94 and 95 where salinity only was sampled. 
Nutrient samples were collected and frozen for most stations, but were 
never analysed. Stations where helium/tritium/18O were sampled are listed 
in Table 1.6. Samples for various biological parameters, including methane, 
productivity, phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, were collected 
throughout the cruise, with increased sampling density during the krill 
survey box work.

AU0207

For the first 16 stations of this cruise, the instrumentation used was G.O. 
CTD serial 1193 (including oxygen sensor) mounted on a 24 bottle frame, 
together with a 12 position rosette, 12x10 litre Niskin bottles, altimeter 
serial 142, fluorometer, and digital reversing thermometers. After losing 
the rosette package during station 16, a  new package was assembled and 
used for the remainder of the cruise, with G.O. CTD serial 2568 (including 
oxygen sensor) mounted on a 12 bottle frame, together with a spare 12 
position rosette, 12x10 litre Niskins, altimeter serial 137, and digital 
reversing thermometers. No spare fluorometer was available. For stations 
53, 54 and 55 the FSI 3" MicroCTD, from the borehole work on the ice shelf, 
was attached to the frame next to the G.O. CTD sensors (see Appendix 1.3).


TABLE 1.2a.  Summary of station information for cruise AU0106. All times 
             are UTC. In the station naming, "kbox" is the krill survey 
             box, "leg" refers to the AMISOR transect, and "FSI" is a 
             calibration cast for the FSI MicroCTD.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                    START                                       BOTTOM                                         END 
   station                                           depth   maxP                                depth                                          depth
   number    time    date     latitude    longitude   (m)   (dbar)  time  latitude   longitude    (m)   altimeter  time  latitude   longitude    (m)
 ----------  ----  ---------  ---------   ---------  -----  ------  ----  ---------  ----------  -----  ---------  ----  ---------  ----------  -----
  1 TEST     0950   9-JAN-01  59:33.61S   98:37.34E  4400    3000   1059  59:33.79S   98:37.13E    -       -       1231  59:34.15S   98:36.83E  4400
  2 kbox     1518  14-JAN-01  66:59.95S   64:30.04E   185     182   1531  66:59.89S   64:29.74E   184     14.0     1559  66:59.63S   64:29.56E   177
  3 kbox     1907  14-JAN-01  66:52.01S   64:29.72E   438     430   1923  66:52.00S   64:29.57E   435     13.2     1955  66:52.05S   64:29.35E   426
  4 kbox     2242  14-JAN-01  66:47.10S   64:29.77E    -      502   2252  66:47.14S   64:29.56E    -       -       2334  66:47.08S   64:28.99E    - 
  5 kbox     0248  15-JAN-01  66:39.96S   64:30.12E    -      502   0301  66:39.90S   64:29.90E    -       -       0340  66:39.50S   64:29.08E    - 
  6 kbox     0717  15-JAN-01  66:30.01S   64:29.94E    -      504   0731  66:30.01S   64:29.80E    -       -       0816  66:30.11S   64:29.25E    - 
  7 kbox     1202  15-JAN-01  66:20.07S   64:30.35E    -      504   1213  66:20.07S   64:30.37E    -       -       1249  66:20.09S   64:29.94E    - 
  8 kbox     1618  15-JAN-01  66:10.04S   64:30.18E    -      504   1627  66:10.02S   64:30.21E    -       -       1700  66:09.97S   64:29.83E    - 
  9 kbox     1955  15-JAN-01  65:59.91S   64:29.80E    -      504   2007  65:59.80S   64:29.59E    -       -       2052  65:59.73S   64:28.75E    - 
 10 kbox     0908  16-JAN-01  66:59.97S   64:04.38E   143     146   0915  66:59.97S   64:04.35E   148     10.0     0938  66:59.80S   64:04.38E   143
 11 kbox     1215  16-JAN-01  66:50.17S   64:04.17E   366     366   1225  66:50.14S   64:04.14E   367     10.0     1259  66:50.14S   64:03.54E   363
 12 kbox     1633  16-JAN-01  66:44.76S   64:04.27E    -      502   1647  66:44.72S   64:04.03E    -       -       1723  66:44.54S   64:03.39E    - 
 13 kbox     1931  16-JAN-01  66:40.06S   64:04.42E    -      502   1945  66:39.97S   64:04.35E    -       -       2018  66:39.75S   64:04.14E    - 
 14 kbox     2304  16-JAN-01  66:30.05S   64:04.46E    -      502   2318  66:30.05S   64:04.69E    -       -       2346  66:29.92S   64:04.86E    - 
 15 kbox     0232  17-JAN-01  66:20.08S   64:04.44E    -      502   0244  66:19.99S   64:04.51E    -       -       0315  66:19.87S   64:04.92E    - 
 16 kbox     0628  17-JAN-01  66:10.03S   64:04.44E    -      500   0640  66:10.02S   64:04.57E    -       -       0714  66:09.96S   64:04.06E    - 
 17 kbox     1014  17-JAN-01  66:00.01S   64:04.62E    -      502   1029  66:00.01S   64:04.63E    -       -       1104  65:59.85S   64:04.69E    - 
 18 kbox     2119  17-JAN-01  67:00.21S   63:39.13E   134     128   2125  67:00.23S   63:38.97E   132     11.4     2141  67:00.35S   63:38.83E   129
 19 kbox     0003  18-JAN-01  66:49.98S   63:38.71E   254     242   0011  66:50.02S   63:38.65E   252     19.7     0038  66:49.98S   63:38.68E   255
 20 kbox     0301  18-JAN-01  66:44.53S   63:38.77E   545     500   0313  66:44.49S   63:38.52E    -      62.1     0345  66:44.43S   63:38.52E    - 
 21 kbox     0652  18-JAN-01  66:38.41S   63:38.43E    -      500   0705  66:38.34S   63:38.18E    -       -       0742  66:38.37S   63:38.04E    - 
 22 kbox     1046  18-JAN-01  66:30.03S   63:38.43E    -      502   1105  66:30.31S   63:38.13E    -       -       1139  66:30.55S   63:37.57E    - 
 23 kbox     1438  18-JAN-01  66:19.98S   63:38.71E    -      500   1450  66:19.95S   63:38.68E    -       -       1524  66:20.14S   63:38.73E    - 
 24 kbox     1856  18-JAN-01  66:10.06S   63:38.65E    -      500   1921  66:10.33S   63:37.97E    -       -       1951  66:10.47S   63:37.93E    - 
 25 kbox     2235  18-JAN-01  66:00.18S   63:38.66E    -      502   2247  66:00.16S   63:38.57E    -       -       2316  66:00.25S   63:38.62E    - 
 26 kbox     0839  19-JAN-01  66:59.44S   63:13.68E   115     112   0846  66:59.52S   63:13.55E    -      12.0     0907  66:59.70S   63:13.00E   115
 27 kbox     1112  19-JAN-01  66:50.11S   63:12.99E   405     412   1125  66:50.19S   63:12.96E   410      6.0     1156  66:50.31S   63:13.26E   407
 28 kbox     1503  19-JAN-01  66:42.98S   63:12.85E    -      502   1517  66:42.97S   63:12.63E    -       -       1550  66:42.84S   63:11.91E    - 
 29 kbox     1755  19-JAN-01  66:36.95S   63:13.06E    -      502   1806  66:36.98S   63:12.84E    -       -       1839  66:37.08S   63:12.14E    - 
 30 kbox     2155  19-JAN-01  66:29.89S   63:13.27E    -      502   2208  66:29.88S   63:13.22E    -       -       2242  66:29.94S   63:13.27E    - 
 31 kbox     0121  20-JAN-01  66:20.14S   63:13.27E    -      502   0132  66:20.18S   63:13.29E    -       -       0201  66:20.29S   63:13.35E    - 
 32 kbox     0444  20-JAN-01  66:10.07S   63:13.23E    -      500   0456  66:10.10S   63:13.32E    -       -       0523  66:10.17S   63:13.08E    - 
 33 kbox     0902  20-JAN-01  65:59.92S   63:14.19E    -      502   0917  65:59.88S   63:14.15E    -       -       0954  65:59.82S   63:13.68E    - 
 37 kbox     0821  21-JAN-01  66:29.99S   62:47.51E    -      502   0835  66:30.01S   62:47.44E    -       -       0909  66:30.18S   62:47.16E    - 
 38 kbox     1203  21-JAN-01  66:20.06S   62:47.53E    -      502   1216  66:20.02S   62:47.40E    -       -       1249  66:20.07S   62:47.58E    - 
 39 kbox     1555  21-JAN-01  66:10.05S   62:47.46E    -      500   1608  66:10.05S   62:47.46E    -       -       1642  66:10.18S   62:46.93E    - 
 40 kbox     1922  21-JAN-01  66:00.13S   62:47.59E    -      502   1936  66:00.10S   62:47.46E    -       -       2010  66:00.13S   62:47.97E    - 
 41 swarm    0932   5-FEB-01  63:45.72S  105:20.49E    -      200   0939  63:45.72S  105:20.56E    -       -       1003  63:45.81S  105:20.83E    - 
 42 swarm    1100   5-FEB-01  63:45.69S  105:18.20E    -      200   1107  63:45.73S  105:18.17E    -       -       1131  63:45.78S  105:17.91E    - 
 43 swarm    1252   5-FEB-01  63:45.63S  105:12.79E    -      200   1301  63:45.71S  105:12.80E    -       -       1323  63:45.77S  105:12.81E    - 
 44 leg1.2   0611  13-FEB-01  69:25.86S   74:47.91E   314     304   0623  69:25.90S   74:47.86E   309     14.7     0644  69:25.85S   74:47.86E   311 
 45 leg1.3   0853  13-FEB-01  69:21.90S   74:37.24E   758     756   0912  69:21.93S   74:36.89E   760     14.5     0949  69:21.95S   74:36.36E   757 
 46 leg1.4   1139  13-FEB-01  69:18.90S   74:27.28E   776     772   1158  69:18.94S   74:27.12E   778     14.3     1233  69:19.20S   74:26.63E   775 
 47 leg1.5   1317  13-FEB-01  69:15.36S   74:16.48E   764     758   1337  69:15.28S   74:16.70E   764     14.9     1412  69:15.28S   74:16.84E   765 
 48 leg1.6   1527  13-FEB-01  69:11.94S   74:05.82E   670     662   1545  69:11.71S   74:05.53E   670     14.9     1615  69:11.44S   74:05.81E   670 
 49 leg1.7   1737  13-FEB-01  69:06.00S   73:57.25E   717     716   1755  69:06.08S   73:57.45E   719      9.8     1828  69:06.25S   73:57.63E   718 
 50 leg1.8   2019  13-FEB-01  69:02.29S   73:48.93E   701     700   2040  69:02.33S   73:48.90E   701      9.1     2107  69:02.32S   73:48.86E   702 
 51 leg1.9   2220  13-FEB-01  68:57.25S   73:41.29E   727     740   2242  68:57.14S   73:41.12E   736      8.6     2310  68:57.03S   73:41.16E   737 
 52 leg1.10  0201  14-FEB-01  68:52.47S   73:33.21E   765     770   0219  68:52.36S   73:32.84E   771     11.3     0254  68:52.33S   73:32.12E   771 
 53 leg1.11  0415  14-FEB-01  68:49.06S   73:20.44E   785     786   0436  68:48.93S   73:19.68E   787     10.0     0512  68:48.72S   73:19.24E   785 
 54 leg1.12  0635  14-FEB-01  68:45.53S   73:08.12E   791     780   0656  68:45.34S   73:07.30E   781     12.6     0726  68:45.14S   73:06.60E   774 
 55 leg1.13  0830  14-FEB-01  68:42.04S   72:54.80E   704     706   0850  68:42.00S   72:53.73E   710     13.0     0919  68:42.15S   72:52.69E   715 
 56 leg1.14  1004  14-FEB-01  68:39.04S   72:43.50E   525     516   1015  68:38.95S   72:43.29E   522     11.5     1041  68:38.93S   72:42.88E   518 
 57 ULS2     1312  14-FEB-01  68:33.71S   72:42.18E   545     544   1327  68:33.62S   72:41.98E   551     10.6     1358  68:33.63S   72:41.34E   562 
 58 leg1.15  1518  14-FEB-01  68:35.48S   72:29.32E   521     516   1532  68:35.48S   72:29.00E   518     13.0     1559  68:35.43S   72:28.75E   522 
 59 leg1.16  1642  14-FEB-01  68:35.20S   72:13.69E   491     482   1655  68:35.18S   72:13.69E   490     15.0     1721  68:34.98S   72:13.59E   497 
 60 leg1.17  1859  14-FEB-01  68:34.98S   71:56.19E   444     442   1913  68:34.99S   71:55.78E   446     11.8     1944  68:34.97S   71:55.12E   442 
 61 leg1.18  2143  14-FEB-01  68:34.71S   71:39.64E   459     472   2158  68:34.68S   71:39.07E   477     14.8     2230  68:34.82S   71:38.82E   469 
 62 leg1.19  2344  14-FEB-01  68:33.40S   71:23.57E   405     446   2358  68:33.43S   71:23.30E   426     12.7     0026  68:33.45S   71:22.57E   519 
 63 leg1.20  0154  15-FEB-01  68:31.92S   71:06.16E   629     646   0214  68:31.88S   71:05.38E   646     13.0     0248  68:31.89S   71:04.50E   660 
 64 leg1.21  0514  15-FEB-01  68:30.78S   70:51.61E   763     762   0532  68:30.78S   70:51.07E   764     14.9     0602  68:30.91S   70:50.52E   753 
 65 leg1.22  0656  15-FEB-01  68:30.05S   70:38.72E   891     888   0717  68:30.03S   70:38.37E   895     14.6     0751  68:30.08S   70:37.97E   900 
 66 leg1.23  1146  15-FEB-01  68:29.53S   70:25.87E  1103    1108   1211  68:29.49S   70:25.96E  1105     11.8     1248  68:29.47S   70:26.01E  1099 
 67 leg1.24  1504  15-FEB-01  68:28.39S   70:15.04E   327     308   1517  68:28.35S   70:15.00E   317     12.7     1541  68:28.47S   70:14.94E   340 
 68 leg1.25  1647  15-FEB-01  68:28.63S   70:10.27E   279     244   1657  68:28.65S   70:10.13E   251     13.5     1717  68:28.62S   70:10.10E   249 
 69 leg2.25  1336  18-FEB-01  68:28.46S   70:10.31E   321     290   1351  68:28.38S   70:10.18E   291      6.3     1414  68:28.21S   70:10.14E   302 
 70 leg2.24  1509  18-FEB-01  68:28.50S   70:14.49E   307     310   1518  68:28.54S   70:14.47E   323     10.0     1542  68:28.51S   70:14.74E   325 
 71 leg2.23  1742  18-FEB-01  68:30.07S   70:22.17E  1110    1122   1809  68:30.01S   70:22.17E  1110     10.5     1843  68:30.22S   70:22.13E  1090 
 72 leg2.22  1959  18-FEB-01  68:30.12S   70:38.70E   893     896   2022  68:30.03S   70:38.38E   896      8.4     2051  68:29.89S   70:37.95E   900 
 73 leg2.21  2211  18-FEB-01  68:30.31S   70:48.07E   767     756   2231  68:30.25S   70:47.64E   763     14.1     2305  68:30.14S   70:47.22E   778 
 74 leg2.20  0028  19-FEB-01  68:32.14S   71:07.80E   597     596   0047  68:32.15S   71:06.97E   597     14.0     0116  68:32.18S   71:06.32E   594
 75 leg2.19  0231  19-FEB-01  68:33.41S   71:23.82E   392     444   0245  68:33.34S   71:23.52E   442     17.8     0312  68:33.15S   71:23.10E   539
 76 leg2.18  0429  19-FEB-01  68:34.93S   71:35.49E   485     474   0444  68:34.91S   71:35.16E   485     15.5     0502  68:34.91S   71:34.96E   485
 77 leg2.17  0652  19-FEB-01  68:34.93S   71:56.55E   441     438   0704  68:34.91S   71:56.32E   444     15.2     0728  68:34.98S   71:56.25E   445
 78 leg2.16  0846  19-FEB-01  68:35.18S   72:12.91E   503     496   0859  68:35.14S   72:12.58E   505     14.8     0924  68:35.04S   72:12.09E   496
 79 leg2.15  1107  19-FEB-01  68:35.29S   72:25.94E   496     488   1120  68:35.29S   72:25.03E   495     12.9     1144  68:35.34S   72:23.88E   497
 80 leg2.14  1322  19-FEB-01  68:38.74S   72:42.62E   511     490   1335  68:38.57S   72:41.95E   499     12.3     1401  68:38.43S   72:40.73E   483
 81 leg2.13  1531  19-FEB-01  68:42.54S   72:54.63E   708     702   1548  68:42.52S   72:54.10E   710     14.5     1619  68:42.46S   72:53.58E   714
 82 leg2.12  1744  19-FEB-01  68:45.71S   73:08.57E   799     796   1805  68:45.73S   73:08.63E   800     13.0     1837  68:45.73S   73:08.97E   803
 83 leg2.11  2036  19-FEB-01  68:49.67S   73:18.12E   791     784   2055  68:49.72S   73:18.28E   790     13.0     2126  68:49.80S   73:18.79E   774
 84 leg2.10  2237  19-FEB-01  68:52.49S   73:29.98E   777     776   2300  68:52.41S   73:29.98E   775     11.0     2329  68:52.36S   73:30.41E   778
 85 leg2.9   0102  20-FEB-01  68:58.44S   73:43.33E   738     736   0122  68:58.26S   73:43.29E   736      6.4     0151  68:58.11S   73:43.41E   734
 86 leg2.8   0302  20-FEB-01  69:02.29S   73:49.35E   700     694   0323  69:02.20S   73:49.11E   701     13.5     0349  69:02.13S   73:49.14E   698
 87 leg2.7   0507  20-FEB-01  69:07.05S   73:57.83E   713     706   0524  69:06.99S   73:57.78E   713     15.0     0554  69:06.76S   73:57.92E   715
 88 leg2.6   0808  20-FEB-01  69:11.79S   74:02.98E   665     662   0824  69:11.77S   74:02.68E   669     10.1     0849  69:11.61S   74:02.43E   675
 89 leg2.5   1006  20-FEB-01  69:15.57S   74:16.20E   760     754   1023  69:15.54S   74:15.88E   759     11.9     1051  69:15.39S   74:15.22E   754
 90 leg2.4   1245  20-FEB-01  69:18.53S   74:27.24E   774     770   1302  69:18.40S   74:27.04E   776     15.1     1334  69:18.37S   74:27.12E   777
 91 leg2.3   1436  20-FEB-01  69:21.44S   74:34.72E   768     762   1453  69:21.39S   74:34.57E   768     14.5     1525  69:21.24S   74:34.18E   768
 92 leg2.2   1842  20-FEB-01  69:25.83S   74:47.21E   291     286   1850  69:25.82S   74:47.14E   293     10.8     1916  69:25.73S   74:46.79E   296
 93 ULS1     0126  21-FEB-01  69:00.05S   75:18.49E   719     710   0150  69:00.05S   75:18.45E   718     15.4     0215  69:00.07S   75:18.74E   719
 94 FSI      0243  28-FEB-01  65:09.66S   84:33.73E    -      702   0302  65:09.67S   84:33.77E    -       -       0331  65:09.78S   84:33.75E    -
 95 FSI      0412  28-FEB-01  65:09.68S   84:33.96E    -     2002   0454  65:09.70S   84:33.96E    -       -       0545  65:09.82S   84:33.75E    -
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.2b.  Summary of station information for cruise AU0207.  All times 
             are UTC. In the station naming, "leg" refers to the main 
             AMISOR transect, while "east" and "t" are the two mini 
             transects.  "FSI" is a calibration cast for the FSI MicroCTD.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                    START                                       BOTTOM                                         END 
 station                                            depth   maxP                                 depth                                         depth
 number      time  date       latitude   longitude   (m)   (dbar)   time  latitude   longitude    (m)   altimeter  time  latitude   longitude   (m)
 ---------   ----  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  ------   ----  ---------  ----------  -----  ---------  ----  ---------  ---------  -----
  1 TEST     2248  27-JAN-02  47:11.23S  138:14.91E  3700     500   2309  47:11.35S  138:14.59E    -        -      2317  47:11.44S  138:14.47E    -
  2 TEST     0249  28-JAN-02  47:29.50S  137:25.89E  3800    3002   0352  47:29.82S  137:25.83E    -        -      0459  47:30.21S  137:26.37E    -
  3 leg1.23a 0204   9-FEB-02  68:27.58S   70:16.27E   380     352   0215  68:27.58S   70:16.20E   358       -      0247  68:27.84S   70:16.57E   379
  4 leg1.23  0416   9-FEB-02  68:29.11S   70:20.85E  1138    1152   0439  68:29.11S   70:21.34E  1151     15.0     0522  68:29.05S   70:22.17E  1150
  5 leg1.22  0722   9-FEB-02  68:30.24S   70:39.12E   886     884   0745  68:30.28S   70:39.18E   885     14.5     0822  68:30.25S   70:39.00E   887
  6 leg1.21  1013   9-FEB-02  68:30.34S   70:47.86E   756     750   1039  68:30.37S   70:47.68E   752     13.6     1105  68:30.42S   70:47.26E   750
  7 leg1.20  1257   9-FEB-02  68:32.16S   71:08.17E   593     592   1311  68:32.18S   71:08.14E   594     14.1     1340  68:32.09S   71:07.84E   603
  8 leg1.19  1500   9-FEB-02  68:33.48S   71:23.95E   379     384   1510  68:33.40S   71:23.82E   389     14.9     1536  68:33.31S   71:23.35E    -
  9 leg1.18  1639   9-FEB-02  68:34.80S   71:36.06E   484     482   1651  68:34.72S   71:35.74E   485     13.9     1719  68:34.72S   71:35.23E   480
 10leg1.17a  1834   9-FEB-02  68:32.68S   71:56.71E   434     428   1848  68:32.59S   71:56.59E   433     15.0     1923  68:32.50S   71:56.64E   430
 11 leg1.16  2032   9-FEB-02  68:35.11S   72:13.54E   494     486   2048  68:34.99S   72:13.60E   492     16.9     2119  68:34.78S   72:13.65E   496
 12 leg1.17  0137  10-FEB-02  68:34.87S   71:56.62E   439     442   0151  68:34.87S   71:56.34E   440     11.5     0224  68:34.89S   71:56.19E   442
 13 leg1.17  0402  10-FEB-02  68:34.72S   71:56.77E   442     428   0419  68:34.59S   71:56.65E   437     20.0     0448  68:34.56S   71:56.38E   437
 14 leg1.18  0723  10-FEB-02  68:34.68S   71:36.18E   485     480   0736  68:34.66S   71:36.04E   485     11.5     0750  68:34.68S   71:36.03E   484
 15 leg1.18  0837  10-FEB-02  68:34.81S   71:36.41E   485     474   0851  68:34.87S   71:36.52E   483     14.3     0904  68:34.84S   71:36.48E   481
 16 leg1.18  0936  10-FEB-02  68:34.90S   71:36.52E   482     472   0950  68:34.87S   71:36.70E   481     10.0     1002  68:34.83S   71:36.82E   478
 17leg2.23a  1530  11-FEB-02  68:27.67S   70:17.01E   423     498   1545  68:27.64S   70:17.21E   446     13.8     1615  68:27.61S   70:17.37E   467
 18 leg2.23  1731  11-FEB-02  68:28.50S   70:19.84E   755     712   1751  68:28.45S   70:19.77E   733      -       1820  68:28.39S   70:19.70E   695
 19 leg2.22  1931  11-FEB-02  68:30.13S   70:39.21E   887     878   1950  68:30.06S   70:39.18E   881     20.7     2026  68:30.01S   70:38.34E   893
 20 leg2.21  2120  11-FEB-02  68:30.30S   70:48.64E   769     772   2149  68:30.07S   70:48.64E   775     14.4     2225  68:30.00S   70:47.68E   774
 21 leg2.20  2349  11-FEB-02  68:32.14S   71:08.62E   591     590   0005  68:32.09S   71:08.41E    -      20.0     0036  68:31.99S   71:07.30E   608
 22 leg2.19  0134  12-FEB-02  68:33.40S   71:24.13E   391     388   0145  68:33.34S   71:23.95E   400     20.1     0208  68:33.28S   71:23.68E   438
 23 leg2.18  0259  12-FEB-02  68:34.77S   71:36.36E   480     474   0313  68:34.81S   71:36.04E    -      20.0     0342  68:34.74S   71:35.95E   486
 24 leg2.17  0454  12-FEB-02  68:34.93S   71:56.97E   439     434   0506  68:34.93S   71:57.07E   436     14.5     0531  68:35.11S   71:57.09E   435
 25 leg2.16  0717  12-FEB-02  68:35.28S   72:12.93E   498     500   0730  68:35.23S   72:12.85E   501     11.0     0750  68:35.14S   72:12.81E   500
 26 leg2.15  1529  12-FEB-02  68:35.04S   72:27.36E   500     494   1542  68:35.02S   72:27.46E   502     13.7     1609  68:34.99S   72:27.76E   500
 27 leg2.14  1729  12-FEB-02  68:38.82S   72:43.27E   510     500   1744  68:38.80S   72:43.20E    -      20.0     1812  68:38.86S   72:42.82E   510
 28 leg2.13  1911  12-FEB-02  68:42.28S   72:55.63E   697     690   1931  68:42.16S   72:55.36E   700     20.5     1959  68:42.10S   72:54.61E   703
 29 leg2.12  2148  12-FEB-02  68:45.40S   73:08.50E   788     780   2207  68:45.30S   73:08.25E    -      20.0     2237  68:45.19S   73:07.66E   782
 30    -     2349  12-FEB-02  68:49.09S   73:21.19E   764     780   0005  68:49.03S   73:20.89E   781     22.2     0039  68:48.82S   73:20.55E   784
 31 leg2.10  0315  13-FEB-02  68:52.12S   73:29.62E   774     770   0332  68:52.05S   73:29.26E    -      20.0     0406  68:51.96S   73:28.66E   778
 32 leg2.11  0714  13-FEB-02  68:49.06S   73:20.85E   779     772   0730  68:49.02S   73:20.74E   778     18.6     0802  68:48.78S   73:20.56E   783
 33 leg2.9   1220  13-FEB-02  68:57.07S   73:39.63E   733     736   1235  68:57.01S   73:39.43E   737     13.2     1307  68:57.00S   73:39.04E   743
 34 leg2.8   1504  13-FEB-02  69:02.52S   73:49.81E   696     692   1518  69:02.53S   73:49.83E   696     13.7     1547  69:02.44S   73:49.63E   696
 35 leg2.7a  1821  13-FEB-02  69:05.17S   74:07.63E   674     666   1839  69:05.17S   74:07.59E    -      20.0     1909  69:05.22S   74:07.51E   674
 36 ULS1     0741  14-FEB-02  68:59.35S   75:19.57E   707     704   0756  68:59.40S   75:19.42E   707     13.4     0824  68:59.55S   75:19.09E   709
 37 east1    1130  14-FEB-02  69:04.84S   74:53.28E   782     780   1148  69:04.78S   74:52.86E   783     13.4     1219  69:04.77S   74:52.81E   781
 38 east2    1454  14-FEB-02  69:10.44S   75:03.85E   746     744   1511  69:10.39S   75:03.88E   745     13.5     1539  69:10.33S   75:03.69E   747
 39 east3    1732  14-FEB-02  69:17.23S   75:14.05E   721     724   1750  69:17.26S   75:13.83E   740     19.2     1822  69:17.20S   75:13.54E   748
 40 east4    1948  14-FEB-02  69:18.28S   75:21.84E   628     624   2004  69:18.20S   75:21.87E   632     20.0     2033  69:18.12S   75:21.52E   631
 41 t1       1843  15-FEB-02  68:37.50S   72:22.15E   486     478   1854  68:37.50S   72:22.27E   488     20.0     1923  68:37.62S   72:22.12E   490
 42 t2       2013  15-FEB-02  68:36.30S   72:24.60E   478     470   2027  68:36.27S   72:24.60E   478     20.0     2051  68:36.18S   72:24.70E   479
 43 t3       2137  15-FEB-02  68:35.14S   72:26.52E   494     484   2150  68:35.11S   72:26.38E   493     19.8     2216  68:35.04S   72:26.14E   494
 44 t4       0010  16-FEB-02  68:33.97S   72:29.14E   519     506   0022  68:33.91S   72:28.84E   514     18.5     0050  68:33.75S   72:28.11E   510
 45 t5       0143  16-FEB-02  68:32.77S   72:32.16E   584     572   0157  68:32.71S   72:31.83E   579     20.5     0225  68:32.59S   72:31.17E   564
 46 leg3.8   1714  21-FEB-02  69:02.23S   73:48.79E   695     692   1733  69:02.10S   73:48.55E   700     18.7     1806  69:01.92S   73:48.22E   702
 47 leg3.7   1923  21-FEB-02  69:07.21S   73:57.30E   710     702   1940  69:07.17S   73:57.31E   710     18.9     2012  69:07.06S   73:57.49E   710
 48 leg3.6   2129  21-FEB-02  69:12.00S   74:02.23E   668     662   2145  69:11.89S   74:02.09E   672     20.3     2215  69:11.79S   74:02.14E   672
 49 leg3.5   2326  21-FEB-02  69:15.52S   74:16.37E   756     750   2344  69:15.39S   74:16.28E    -      19.7     0014  69:15.24S   74:16.09E   757
 50 leg3.4   0201  22-FEB-02  69:18.70S   74:25.93E   773     766   0217  69:18.64S   74:25.69E   772     19.0     0242  69:18.61S   74:25.35E   774
 51 leg3.3   0756  22-FEB-02  69:21.93S   74:34.02E   768     766   0813  69:21.96S   74:34.06E   768     14.0     0845  69:22.05S   74:34.15E   772
 52 leg3.2   1000  22-FEB-02  69:25.89S   74:48.10E   321     332   1009  69:25.90S   74:48.12E   329     28.4     1027  69:25.92S   74:48.10E   327
 53 FSI      0152  27-FEB-02  64:41.05S   73:01.27E  3490    2004   0228  64:41.11S   73:00.52E  3490      -       0335  64:41.02S   72:58.93E    -
 54 FSI      0527  27-FEB-02  64:33.13S   73:36.04E  3500    2004   0612  64:33.13S   73:35.31E    -       -       0702  64:33.24S   73:34.66E    -
 55 FSI      0739  27-FEB-02  64:32.41S   73:32.58E  3500    1504   0811  64:32.46S   73:32.25E    -       -       0857  64:32.29S   73:31.63E    -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.3:  Summary of mooring deployments and recoveries. Note: for 
            deployments, "release time" is the time final component 
            released from trawl deck; for recoveries, "release time" is the 
            time release command was sent to acoustic release at the base 
            of the mooring. Also note, AMISOR9 was dragged by an iceberg on 
            07/05/2001 (see Part 2).
_________________________________________________________________________

                                DEPLOYMENTS
 Mooring                 position           depth    release time (UTC)
 -------------  --------------------------  -------  -------------------
 AMISOR1        69° 22.014'S  74° 38.153'E   750 m   13:13:29 16/02/2001
 AMISOR2        69° 12.001'S  74° 05.962'E   672 m   16:06:40 16/02/2001
 AMISOR3        68° 52.386'S  73° 33.310'E   768 m   05:44:00 17/02/2001
 AMISOR4        68° 35.314'S  72° 30.236'E   538 m   12:47:59 17/02/2001
 AMISOR5        68° 34.840'S  71° 39.816'E   472 m   15:46:19 17/02/2001
 AMISOR6        68° 30.330'S  70° 51.770'E   786 m   04:23:15 18/02/2001
 AMISOR7        68° 28.659'S  70° 23.118'E  1135 m   09:44:32 18/02/2001
 AMISOR8(ULS1)  69° 00.020'S  75° 18.680'E   717 m   04:17:35 21/02/2001
 AMISOR9(ULS2)  68° 33.693'S  72° 42.297'E   544 m   09:04:21 17/02/2001


                               RECOVERIES 
 Mooring                 position           depth    release time (UTC)
 -------------  --------------------------  -------  -------------------
 AMISOR1        69° 22.014'S  74° 38.153'E   750 m   0600,    22/02/2002
 AMISOR2        69° 12.001'S  74° 05.962'E   672 m   1208,    21/02/2002
 AMISOR3        68° 52.386'S  73° 33.310'E   768 m   0748,    21/02/2002
 AMISOR4        68° 35.314'S  72° 30.236'E   538 m   0903,    12/02/2002
 AMISOR5        68° 34.840'S  71° 39.816'E   472 m   2355,    10/02/2002
 AMISOR6        68° 30.330'S  70° 51.770'E   786 m   0440,    11/02/2002
 AMISOR7        68° 28.659'S  70° 23.118'E  1135 m   0742,    11/02/2002
 AMISOR8(ULS1)  69° 00.020'S  75° 18.680'E   717 m   0854,    14/02/2002
 AMISOR9(ULS2)  68° 32.135'S  72° 38.536'E   629 m   0508,    16/02/2002
_________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.4.  Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water 
            sampling programs.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Measurement                    name              affiliation
 -----------------------------  ----------------  -------------------------------------------
 AU0106
  CTD, salinity, O2, nutrients  *Nathan Bindoff   Antarctic CRC
  Helium, tritium, (^18)O       Peter Schlosser   Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA
  Biological sampling           Simon Wright and  Antarctic Division
                                Harvey Marchant
  Methane                       *Tsuneo Odate     National Institute of Polar Research, Japan

 AU0207
  CTD, salinity, O2, nutrients  Nathan Bindoff    Antarctic CRC
  Helium, tritium, (^18)O       Peter Schlosser   Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA
  Biological sampling           Simon Wright      Antarctic Division
______________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.5a.  Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0106.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Nathan Bindoff     CTD                                 Antarctic CRC
 Clodagh Curran     Hydrology, CTD                      Antarctic CRC
 Sarah Howe         Hydrology, CTD                      Antarctic CRC
 John Hunter        CTD                                 Antarctic CRC
 Ian Helmond        CTD, moorings                       CSIRO
 Mark Rosenberg     CTD, moorings                       Antarctic CRC
 Stevie Davenport   krill, moorings, CTD                Antarctic Division
 Liz Foster         krill, CTD                          Antarctic Division
 Graham Hosie       krill, voyage leader                Antarctic Division
 Lyn Irvine         Mawson, krill                       Antarctic Division
 John Kitchener     krill                               Antarctic Division
 Mark Schultz       krill, CTD                          Antarctic Division
 Patti Virtue       krill, CTD                          Antarctic CRC
 Tim Lancaster      hydroacoustics                      Antarctic Division
 Tim Pauly          hydroacoustics                      Antarctic Division
 David Wanless      hydroacoustics                      Antarctic Division
 Esmee van Wijk     hydroacoustics                      Antarctic Division
 Akira Ishikawa     biological sampling                 Antarctic Division
 Chad Marshall      Davis, biological sampling          Antarctic Division
 Karen Westwood     biological sampling                 Antarctic Division
 Tsuneo Odate       methane                             National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
 Osamu Yoshida      methane                             National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
 Ari Friedlaender   whales                              Duke University, USA
 Paul Hodda         whales                              Ocean Research Foundation
 Brett Jarret       whales                              Ocean Research Foundation
 Vic Peddemors      whales                              Ocean Research Foundation
 Helen Achurch      birds                               Antarctic Division
 Ben Sullivan       birds                               Antarctic Division
 Andrew Cawthorn    gear officer                        Antarctic Division
 Helen Cooley       doctor                              Antarctic Division
 Ruth Lawless       dotzapper                           Antarctic Division
 Andrew McEldowney  gear officer, deputy voyage leader  Antarctic Division
 Bryan Scott        computing                           Antarctic Division
 Tim Shaw           electronics                         Antarctic Division
 Tony Veness        electronics                         Antarctic Division
____________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.5b.  Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0207.
________________________________________________________________________________________

 John Church      CTD                               CSIRO
 Clodagh Curran   Hydrology                         Antarctic CRC
 John Hunter      CTD                               Antarctic CRC
 Kevin Miller     CTD, moorings                     CSIRO
 Lindsay Pender   hydrology, moorings               CSIRO
 Mark Rosenberg   CTD, moorings                     Antarctic CRC
 Marijke de Boer  whales                            Ocean Research Foundation
 Karen Evans      whales                            Ocean Research  Foundation
 Paul Hodda       whales                            Ocean Research  Foundation
 Julie Oswald     whale hydroacoustics              Scripps Institution of Oceanography
 Eduardo Secchi   whales                            Ocean Research Foundation
 Kate Stafford    whale hydroacoustics              NOAA, USA
 Debra Glasgow    artist                            Antarctic  Division
 Lisa Roberts     artist                            Antarctic  Division
 Fred Alonzo      trawling                          Antarctic CRC
 Brian Hunt       trawling                          Antarctic Division
 Trevor Bailey    lab manager, biological sampling  Antarctic Division
 Kelvin Cope      electronics                       Antarctic Division
 Rob Easther      voyage leader                     Antarctic Division
 Gerry Nash       CTD, deputy voyage leader         Antarctic Division
 Graeme Snow      radio officer                     Antarctic  Division
 Peter Wiley      computing                         Antarctic Division
 Ken Wilson       doctor                            Antarctic  Division
 Muhammad Lukman  biological sampling               BPPT (Indonesia)
 Agus Supangat    biological sampling               BPPT  (Indonesia)
________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.6.  AMISOR CTD stations sampled for helium, tritium and (^18)O, 
            where 1 = sampled and 0 = not sampled.
_________________________________________________________________________

 AU0106                              AU0207
  station   helium  tritium  (^18)O   station    helium  tritium  (^18)O
  --------  ------  -------  ------   ---------  ------  -------  ------
  leg 1.2     0       0        1      leg 1.23a    1       1        1 
  leg 1.3     1       1        1      leg 1.23     1       1        1 
  leg 1.4     0       0        1      leg 1.22     1       1        1 
  leg 1.5     0       0        1      leg 1.21     1       1        1 
  leg 1.6     1       1        1      leg 1.20     1       1        1 
  leg 1.7     0       0        1      leg 1.19     1       1        1 
  leg 1.8     0       0        1      leg 1.18     1       1        1 
  leg 1.9     1       1        1      leg 1.17     1       1        1 
  leg 1.10    0       0        1      leg 1.16     1       1        1 
  leg 1.11    0       0        1      leg 2.15     1       1        1 
  leg 1.12    1       1        1      leg 2.14     1       1        1 
  leg 1.13    0       0        1      leg 2.13     1       1        1 
  leg 1.14    1       1        1      leg 2.12     1       1        1 
  leg 1.15    0       0        1      leg 2.11     1       1        1 
  leg 1.16    1       1        1      leg 2.10     1       1        1 
  leg 1.17    0       0        1      leg 2.9      1       1        1 
  leg 1.18    1       1        1      leg 2.8      1       1        1 
  leg 1.19    0       0        1      leg 2.7a     1       1        1 
  leg 1.20    0       0        1      east 1       1       1        1 
  leg 1.21    0       0        1      east 2       1       1        1 
  leg 1.22    1       1        1      east 3       1       1        1 
  leg 1.23    1       1        1      east 4       1       1        1 
  leg 1.24    1       1        1      
  leg 1.25    0       0        1      
________________________________________________________________________


Station 1 was a test cast only, with no Niskin bottles or frame.  Bottle 
samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients were collected on 
all remaining stations, except for stations 36, 53, 54, and 55, where 
salinity only was sampled.  Nutrient samples were frozen and analysed back 
in Hobart.  Stations where helium/tritium/(^18)O were sampled are listed in 
Table 1.6.  Samples for various biological parameters were collected 
throughout the cruise.

CTD Sensor calibrations

Pre cruise pressure, platinum temperature and pressure temperature 
calibrations (October 2000 for AU0106, October 2001 for AU0207) were 
performed at the CSIRO Division of Marine Research calibration facility 
(Table 1.9).  For AU0106 an old Antarctic Division calibration (from 1996) 
was used to scale the fluorometer data. For AU0207, a new shipboard 
calibration obtained in November 2001 (Table 1.9) was used to scale the 
fluorometer data for stations 1 to 16. Complete conductivity and dissolved 
oxygen calibration results for both cruises, derived from in situ Niskin 
bottle samples, are listed later in this report. Hydrology laboratory 
methods are discussed in Appendix 1.1.  Full details of CTD data processing 
and calibration techniques can be found in Appendix 2 of Rosenberg et al. 
(1995), with the following updates to the methodology:
  
  (i) The 10 seconds of CTD data prior to each bottle firing are averaged 
      to form the CTD upcast burst data for use in calibration.
 (ii) In the conductivity calibration for cruise au0207 stations 46 to 52, 
      an additional term was applied to remove the pressure dependent 
      conductivity residual.  
(iii) For most au0207 stations, the surface pressure offset used was at the 
      commencement of logging.

1.3.2       ADCP

The hull mounted ADCP on the Aurora Australis is described in Rosenberg 
(unpublished report, 1999).  Logging parameters for both cruises are 
summarised in Table 1.7.  Current vectors for both cruises are plotted in 
Figures 1.4a and b; the apparent vertical current shear error for different 
ship speed classes, discussed in Rosenberg (unpublished report, 1999), is 
plotted in Figures 1.5a and b.


TABLE 1.7.  ADCP logging and calibration parameters for cruises au0106 and 
            au0207.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

 ping parameters          bottom track ping parameters              
 -----------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------
 no. of bins:    60       no. of bins:    128
 bin length:     8 m      bin length:     4 m
 pulse length:   8 m      pulse length:   32 m
 delay:          4 m
 ping interval:  minimum  ping interval:  same as profiling pings

 reference layer averaging:    bins 8 to 20
 XROT:                         822
 ensemble averaging duration:  3 min. (for logged data)
                               30 min. (for final processed data)

 calibration
 cruise  α(± standard deviation)  1+β(± standard deviation)  no. of calibration sites
 ------  -----------------------  -------------------------  ------------------------
 au0106  2.382 ± 0.558            1.0764 ± 0.021             301  
 au0207  2.397 ± 0.613            1.0733 ± 0.015              76  
_________________________________________________________________________________________


1.3.3.  Underway measurements

Underway data were logged to an Oracle database on the ship. For more 
information, see the AADC (Antarctic Division Data Centre) website, and the 
cruise dotzapper reports:

Marine Science Support Data Quality Report, RSV Aurora Australis Season 
2000-2001 Voyage 6 (KACTAS), Ruth Lawless, Antarctic Division unpublished 
report.
(report at web address http://www-aadc2.aad.gov.au/Metadata/mar_sci/Dz200001060.html)

Marine Science Support Data Quality Report, RSV Aurora Australis Season 
2001-2002 Voyage 7 (LOSS), Ruth Lawless, Antarctic Division unpublished 
report.
(report at web address http://www-aadc2.aad.gov.au/Metadata/mar_sci/Dz200102070.html)

For both cruises, a sound speed of 1463 ms(^-1) was used for ocean depth 
calculation, and the ship's draught of 7.3 m was accounted for. For cruise 
au0106, the 12 kHz sounder was not active during the krill work-depth data 
during this period were logged from the 38 kHz sounder, and depths below 
~500 m are therefore not available. The 12 kHz sounder was used during the 
AMISOR work, and depth data are available during this period of cruise 
au0106. For cruise au0207, there was a problem with logging of bathymetry 
and all bathymetry data were lost. Water depths assigned to CTD and mooring 
stations during this cruise are as noted on the field sheets at the time, 
from the sounder display.

Underway data were dumped from the AADC website and are in the following 
files:

AU0106
10 sec. instantaneous values, text format:    kactas.ora
10 sec. instantaneous values, matlab format:  kactasora.mat

AU0207
1 min. instantaneous values, text format:     loss.ora
1 min. instantaneous values, matlab format:   lossora.mat

1.3.4       Sediment grab

Shipek sediment grab samples were collected from the AMISOR CTD transect 
during both cruises (principal investigators Mark Hemer and Peter Harris, 
Antarctic CRC) (Table 1.8). The grab was deployed from the CTD room, on the 
aft CTD winch wire. Samples were bagged and refrigerated for analysis in 
Hobart.


TABLE 1.8.  Site numbers on the main AMISOR CTD transect line (Figure 1.1) 
            where a Shipek sediment grab sample was collected.
            ______________________________________________
            
             AU0106                 AU0207
             CTD site  grab number  CTD site  grab number
             --------  -----------  --------  -----------
               2       AA01/06GR11    3       AA02/07GR11
               4       AA01/06GR10    4       AA02/07GR12
               6       AA01/06GR2     8       AA02/07GR10
               7       AA01/06GR1    10       AA02/07GR9
               9       AA01/06GR3    11       AA02/07GR8
              12       AA01/06GR4    13       AA02/07GR7
              14       AA01/06GR5    15       AA02/07GR6
              17       AA01/06GR6    16       AA02/07GR5
              20       AA01/06GR7    18       AA02/07GR4
              23       AA01/06GR8    19       AA02/07GR3
              25       AA01/06GR9    21       AA02/07GR2
                                     22       AA02/07GR1 
            ______________________________________________
            

1.3.5.  Moorings

Mooring deployments and recoveries are summarised in Table 1.3. Mooring 
data are described in detail in Part 2 of this report.


1.4  CTD AND HYDROLOGY RESULTS

CTD and hydrology data quality are discussed in this section.  When using 
the data, the following data quality tables are important:

Table 1.16 - questionable CTD data
Table 1.17 - questionable nutrient data


1.4.1  CTD DATA

1.4.1.1  Conductivity/salinity

AU0106

The conductivity cell on CTD1193 (used for the entire cruise) calibrated 
well (Figures 1.6 and 1.7).  Note the following parameter definitions for 
the figures:

c(cal) = calibrated CTD conductivity from the CTD upcast burst data
c(btl) = 'in situ' Niskin bottle conductivity, found by using CTD pressure 
         and temperature from the CTD upcast burst data in the conversion 
         of Niskin bottle salinity to conductivity
s(cal) = calibrated CTD salinity
s(btl) = Niskin bottle salinity value

Very good salinity calibrations were obtained up to station 40, with CTD 
salinities accurate to less than 0.002 (PSS78).  For stations 41 to 95, 
bottle salinity scatter was increased, with the bottle/CTD salinity 
calibration accurate to 0.0021 (PSS78).  The most likely cause for this 
increase in scatter is that for the AMISOR CTD profiles, small locally 
sharp vertical gradients were encountered, particularly where ice shelf 
water was found.  These gradients would increase the scatter between Niskin 
bottle and CTD measurements.

For station 67, layers of ice crystals in the water, detectable to both the 
12 kHz sounder and the altimeter, resulted in bad conductivity data for 
much of the cast.

For station 80, fouling of the conductivity cell resulted in bad downcast 
data.  Upcast salinity (and temperature and fluorescence) data were used 
for this station.  Note that the oxygen data for this station are from the 
downcast.

AU0207

The conductivity cell on CTD1193 (used for station 1 to 16) calibrated very 
well (Figures 1.6 to 1.7).  The calibration scatter between CTD and bottles 
increased slightly after station 16, where CTD2568 was used (stations 17 to 
55).  Sharp local vertical gradients resulted in the rejection of many of 
the shallowest bottles for the conductivity calibration, particularly for 
rosette positions 10, 11 and 12.  Crystallisation of ice inside Niskin 
bottles was also a problem at some stations e.g. rosette positions 6 to 12 
at station 27. 

For stations 12, 20 and 51, the CTD sensors froze during deployment, 
resulting in bad downcast data.  For these stations, upcast data (including 
temperature, salinity and fluorescence) were used.

For station 30, the CTD data file was accidentally overwritten at the end 
of the cast, and all data were lost.  Station 32 was a repeat of the site.

After initial calibration of conductivity data, a pressure dependent 
conductivity residual was noted for stations 46 to 52, probably due to 
light fouling of the conductivity cell.  The residual was removed by the 
following steps:

(a) CTD conductivity was initially calibrated to derive conductivity 
    residuals (c(btl) - c(cal)), where c(btl) and c(cal) are as defined 
    above, and noting that c(cal) is the conductivity value after the 
    initial calibration only i.e. prior to any pressure dependent 
    correction.
(b) Next, for each station grouping (Table 1.11), a linear pressure 
    dependent fit was found for the conductivity residuals  i.e. for 
    station grouping i, fit parameters α(i) and β(i) (Table 1.11) were 
    found from
                   [c(btl)-c(cal)](n)=α(i)p(n)+β(i)                 (1.1)

    where the residuals [c(btl)-c(cal)](n) and corresponding pressures p(n) 
    (i.e. pressures where Niskin bottles fired) are all the values accepted for 
    conductivity calibration in the station grouping.
(c) Lastly, the conductivity calibration was repeated, this time fitting 
    (c(ctd)+α(i)p+β(i)) to the bottle values c(btl) in order to remove 
    the linear pressure dependence for each station grouping i (for 
    uncalibrated conductivity c(ctd).

A good conductivity calibration was obtained for stations 46 to 52 using 
this method (Figures 1.6 and 1.7).  Overall the bottle/CTD salinity 
calibration for the whole cruise is accurate to within 0.002 (PSS78).

1.4.1.2.  Temperature

For au0106, the usual two point platinum temperature laboratory calibration 
was used (at the triple points of water and phenoxybenzene).  For au0207, 
for the first time a full multi point laboratory temperature calibration 
was performed, with points between the triple point of water and the 
melting point of gallium, and also including several subzero points down to 
~ -1.4°C.  This is judged to be a significant improvement to CTD 
temperature accuracy, in particular for the subzero temperatures.  Thus 
there may be a small inconsistency (of order 0.001°C) for CTD temperature 
data between the two cruises.

Both linear and quadratic fits were attempted for the au0207 temperature 
calibration data, to obtain the best fit results.  For CTD2568 (stations 
17-55), a linear fit to the calibration data was used (Table 1.9).  For 
CTD1193 (stations 1 to 16), a quadratic fit was used.  Except for the two 
test casts, all CTD data for  cruise au0207 was collected in subzero water 
temperatures.  So this temperature calibration for CTD1193 was improved by 
using a quadratic fit to the colder calibration points only (≤ 5°C) (and 
thus data for the two test casts in warmer waters are not reported in the 
final data set).

Reversing thermometers were fitted to some Niskins (Table 1.19) as a check 
on the CTD platinum temperature sensor performance, and CTD temperatures 
appeared to be stable for both cruises.  For au0106, both digital and 
mercury thermometers were fitted to give comparison data for the two types 
of thermometer.  A large consistent difference was found between CTD and 
digital thermometer temperatures for most of the cruise, with thermometers 
higher than the CTD by ~0.0025°C (Figure 1.8a).  After station 82 the 
offset gradually increased to ~0.006.  An equivalent increase is not seen 
in the mercury thermometer to CTD comparison, thus the increase is assumed 
due to a shift in the digital thermometer used (serial 1624), rather than 
to a shift in CTD platinum temperature calibration.  Mercury thermometer 
offsets to CTD data were ~ -0.002°C for the krill box work (stations 1 to 
43), and ~ -0.006°C for AMISOR.  The larger offset value for the AMISOR 
work is due to colder water temperatures, reflecting the poorer calibration 
of the mercury thermometers at lower temperature values.  Thus although the 
digital thermometers are more desirable to use and have more up to date 
calibrations, they may be more susceptible to calibration shifts than 
mercury thermometers.

For au0207, all the reversing thermometers were digital.  Thermometers 
1625, 1682 and 1683, fitted for the first 16 stations using CTD1193, show 
good agreement on average with the CTD temperature (Figure 1.8b).  
Thermometer 1624 was fitted for the entire cruise: although this 
thermometer shows an obvious calibration offset error (Figure 1.8b), the 
offset is fairly consistent between the thermometer and the 2 different 
CTD's (CTD1193 for stations 1 to 16, CTD2568 for stations 17 to 55).

1.4.1.3.  Pressure

As described in previous data reports, noise in the pressure signal for 
CTD1193 (used for all of au0106, and for stations 1 to 16 of au0207) was 
high, with spikes of up to 1 dbar amplitude occurring, and with a 
reasonable number of missing 2 dbar bins resulting from the 2 dbar 
averaging.  To reduce the number of missing bins, the minimum number of 
data points required in a 2 dbar bin to form an average was set to 8 for 
au0106, and 7 for au0207.  For most remaining missing bins, values were 
linearly interpolated between surrounding bins (Table 1.15), except where 
the local temperature gradient was too high.  Further missing 2 dbar bins 
(Table 1.14) are due to quality control of the data.

For CTD2568 (au0207 stations 17 to 55) any noise in the pressure signal was 
very low, and the minimum number of data points required in a 2 dbar bin to 
form an average was set to 10.

For au0207, the cold conditions meant that great care was needed to prevent 
freezing of the CTD sensors when exposed to the air during deployment.  For 
most stations, the CTD sensor caps were filled with hypersaline water, and 
the sensor caps were not removed till the very last moment.  Usually, the 
surface pressure offset is obtained automatically as the 3rd data point 
after the instrument enters the water, as determined by the conductivity 
exceeding 10 mS/cm.  With hypersaline water still in the sensor caps when 
logging commenced, the surface pressure offset values obtained in this case 
were the pressure values at the commencement of logging (Table 1.10).

For au0106 stations 36, 62 and 74, the surface pressure offset was obtained 
by manual inspection of the data.  For au0207 station 23, the pressure 
reading at commencement of logging was a little high, so the offset value 
was again obtained by manual inspection of the data.

1.4.1.4.  Dissolved oxygen

Two oxygen sensors were used over cruise au0106 (stations 1 to 70 and 
stations 71 to 95), both sensors calibrating well against dissolved oxygen 
bottle data (Figure 1.9a, Table 1.20).  For many of the stations using the 
first sensor, a bad data spike occurred somewhere between 100 and 200 dbar 
(Table 1.14).  For station 80, where upcast salinity, temperature and 
fluorescence data were used, downcast CTD oxygen data was merged in with 
the upcast data.

For cruise au0207, the two oxygen sensors used were those fitted on the two 
CTD's (i.e. stations 1 to 16 and stations 17 to 55).  The sensors 
calibrated well against the bottle data (Figure 1.9b, Table 1.20).

For both cruises, much of the near surface part of the CTD dissolved oxygen 
profiles are highly suspicious, in particular for the top 20 dbar.  For 
au0106, much of these data have been removed (Table 1.14); for au0207, 
these data are noted as questionable (Table 1.16).  In general, transient 
errors are common when CTD dissolved oxygen sensors (on General Oceanics 
CTD's) enter the water, and near surface oxygen data should be treated with 
caution.  For the bulk of the water column the data are good, and the 
standard deviation values for the CTD to bottle comparison are within 1% of 
full scale values (where full scale is approximately 380 mmol/l).

1.4.1.5.  Fluorescence

All fluorescence data have preliminary calibrations only, to convert sensor 
output into voltages.  These data should not be used quantitatively other 
than for linkage with primary productivity data.  Some very large 
fluorescence peaks were measured on cruise au0106, in particular at the 
southest corner of the krill survey box, and along the Amery Ice Shelf.

1.4.2.  Hydrology data

A Guildline 'Autosal' salinometer serial no. 62549 was used for analysis of 
all salinity bottle samples on both cruises.  International Standard 
Seawater batch numbers used are detailed in Appendix 1.1.  As mentioned 
previously, some salinity bottle samples collected during very cold 
conditions were affected by freezing of the water in the Niskin bottles 
during recovery, the worst case being station 27 on au0207.  Ice crystals 
in the water compromised the salinity samples for au0106 station 67.  For 
stations 16 and 17 on au0106, the laboratory temperature was high, 
affecting performance of the Autosal, and many of the salinity bottle 
analyses were bad, in particular for station 17. 

Bottle oxygen data for both cruises were mostly good.  Only one suspicious 
value remains in the files (Table 1.18).  For au0106 station 52 bottles 10 
to 12, and all of stations 53 and 54, bottle oxygen values were bad due to 
incorrect preparation of the sodium thiosulphate reagent used immediately 
after drawing the samples.

For au0106, nutrient samples were collected and frozen for most stations, 
but were never analysed.  Onboard analyses were attempted for nutrients on 
au0207, however contamination of the nutrient system (Appendix 1.1) forced 
the postponement of nutrient analyses.  The samples were stored frozen for 
analysis in Hobart.  A reasonable number of nutrient values have been 
flagged as questionable (Table 1.17), mostly for silicate and phosphate. 
Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for au0207 are shown in Figure 1.10.

The nutrient values for au0207 station 47, bottles 7, 8 and 9, are 
different to any values in surrounding stations.  They have not been 
flagged as questionable in Table 1.17 as there is no evidence for any 
problems.


TABLE 1.9. Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD's used 
           during the different cruises. Note that platinum temperature 
           calibrations are for the ITS-90 scale.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 coefficient  value of coefficient              coefficient  value of coefficient
 -----------  --------------------              -----------  ---------------------------------------------------------
 AU0106
 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 1193 (UNIT NO. 5)
 pressure calibration coefficients              pressure temperature calibration coefficients
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000        CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000  
  pcal0        -1.097208e+01                     Tpcal0        6.09660e+01
  pcal1         1.006787e-01                     Tpcal1        1.06055e-03
  pcal2         8.340696e-09                     Tpcal2       -5.41822e-08
  pcal3        -1.728089e-13                     Tpcal3        0.0
  pcal4         1.246311e-18                     Tpcal4        0.0

 platinum temperature calibration coefficients  coefficients for temperature correction to pressure
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 19-25/10/2000     CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000
  Tcal0        -5.23383e-02                      T(0)         20.00
  Tcal1         4.98706e-04                      S(1)         -1.66731e-05
  Tcal2         2.75412e-12                      S(2)         -1.25251e-01

 preliminary polynomial coefficients applied to fluorescence (Antarctic Division, Jan. 1996)raw counts:
  f0           -1.115084e+01
  f1            3.402400e-04
  f2            0.0
       
 AU0207
 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 1193 (UNIT NO. 5) (STATIONS 1-16)
 pressure calibration coefficients              pressure temperature calibration coefficients
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001        CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001 
  pcal0        -1.112466e+01                     Tpcal0        8.43604e+01              
  pcal1         1.007841e-01                     Tpcal1       -3.15992e-04              
  pcal2         2.329940e-09                     Tpcal2       -3.25000e-08       
  pcal3        -6.068648e-14                     Tpcal3        0.0
  pcal4         5.809276e-19                     Tpcal4        0.0

 platinum temperature calibration coefficients  coefficients for temperature correction to pressure
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 02/10/2001        CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001
  Tcal0        -5.368220e-02                     T(0)         20.00       
  Tcal1         4.996903e-04                     S(1)         -1.88557e-05
  Tcal2        -6.508000e-11                     S(2)         -1.08758e-01

 preliminary polynomial coefficients applied to fluorescence raw digitiser counts (calibration date 22/11/2001, Aurora
 Australis):
  f0           -5.57687
  f1            1.70179e-04
  f2            0.0

 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 2568 (UNIT NO. 6) (STATIONS 17-55)
 pressure calibration coefficients              pressure temperature calibration coefficients
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001        CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001     
  pcal0        -4.024268e+01                     Tpcal0        5.44748e+01
  pcal1         1.074928e-01                     Tpcal1        5.43036e-04
  pcal2        -5.854930e-11                     Tpcal2       -7.32189e-08
  pcal3         2.219546e-14                     Tpcal3        0.0
  pcal4        -2.334224e-19                     Tpcal4        0.0
                                                                  
 platinum temperature calibration coefficients  coefficients for temperature correction to pressure
 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001        CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001
  Tcal0         3.585551e-02                     T(0)         20.00       
  Tcal1         5.000857e-04                     S(1)         -6.73288e-06
  Tcal2         0.00                             S(2)         -8.01679e-02
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.10.  Surface pressure offsets. ** indicates value estimated from 
             manual inspection of data.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 stn   surface p    stn   surface p     stn   surface p     stn   surface p     stn   surface p   
 no.  offset(dbar)  no.  offset(dbar)   no.  offset(dbar)   no.  offset(dbar)   no.  offset(dbar)
 ---  ------------  ---  ------------   ---  ------------   ---  ------------   ---  ------------
 AU0106
  1      -0.21      20      -0.15       39      -0.28       58      -0.66       77      -0.97
  2       0.20      21      -0.33       40      -0.40       59      -0.34       78      -0.30
  3       0.01      22      -0.75       41       0.21       60      -0.57       79       0.01
  4       0.40      23      -0.66       42      -0.58       61      -0.40       80      -1.13
  5       0.04      24      -0.51       43       0.03       62      -0.30**     81      -0.17
  6      -0.33      25      -0.44       44       0.04       63      -0.59       82      -0.50
  7      -0.26      26       0.12       45      -0.43       64      -0.88       83      -1.03
  8      -0.41      27       0.22       46       0.33       65      -0.28       84      -0.59
  9       0.01      28      -0.62       47      -0.23       66      -0.47       85      -1.23
 10       0.31      29       0.09       48      -0.27       67      -0.66       86      -0.96
 11      -0.55      30      -1.01       49      -0.24       68      -0.34       87      -0.39
 12      -0.24      31      -0.22       50      -0.80       69      -0.11       88      -0.67
 13      -0.70      32      -0.20       51      -0.36       70      -0.78       89      -0.40
 14       0.38      33       0.55       52      -0.27       71      -0.25       90      -0.78
 15      -0.20      34       0.08       53      -0.32       72      -0.28       91      -0.61
 16      -0.67      35      -0.80       54      -0.32       73      -1.09       92      -0.62
 17      -0.52      36      -0.20**     55      -0.42       74      -0.70**     93      -0.56
 18      -0.34      37      -0.15       56      -0.34       75      -0.82       94       0.35
 19      -0.59      38      -0.53       57      -0.70       76      -0.90       95       0.27

 AU0207
  1       0.80      12       0.54       23       1.50**     34       0.76       45       1.33
  2       0.65      13       0.96       24       1.61       35       0.75       46       0.80
  3       0.66      14       1.16       25       0.97       36       1.09       47       1.48
  4       0.73      15       0.97       26       0.85       37       0.64       48       1.44
  5       0.08      16       1.35       27       1.89       38       0.44       49       1.51
  6       1.19      17       0.40       28       1.41       39       1.47       50       1.98
  7       0.85      18       1.60       29       1.44       40       0.97       51       1.12
  8       1.26      19       1.77       30       1.44       41       0.53       52       0.83
  9       1.11      20       0.22       31       1.12       42       1.52       53       1.09
 10      -0.30      21       1.45       32       0.60       43       0.96       54       1.69
 11      -0.29      22       1.93       33       1.00       44       1.05       55       1.09
__________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.11.  CTD conductivity calibration coefficients. F(1), F(2) and F(3) 
             are respectively onductivity bias, slope and station- 
             dependent correction calibration terms. n is the number of 
             samples retained for calibration in each station grouping; 
             σ is the standard deviation of the conductivity residual for 
             the n samples in the station grouping. α and β are the 
             pressure dependent conductivity residual slope and offset 
             corrections, applied to cruise au0207 stations 46 to 52 only.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 stn grouping       F(1)            F(2)             F(3)        n      σ         α        β
 ------------  --------------  --------------  ---------------  ---  --------  ---------  ----------
 AU0106
  001          0.29199982E-01  0.96552168E-03   0                21  0.001039
  002 to 021   0.46265417E-01  0.96492371E-03  -0.10179157E-08  119  0.001393
  022 to 040   0.49815656E-01  0.96474660E-03   0.13564129E-08  124  0.001336
  041 to 044   0.50817530E-01  0.96492963E-03  -0.51052707E-08   23  0.001949
  045 to 049   0.11267496      0.96415484E-03  -0.32197336E-07   50  0.001306
  050 to 060   0.76393887E-01  0.96382061E-03   0.80956231E-09  111  0.001186
  061 to 068   0.75251733E-01  0.96364365E-03   0.46410114E-08   72  0.001528
  069 to 076   0.74441386E-01  0.96373763E-03   0.41028423E-08   73  0.001260
  077 to 080   0.56141702E-01  0.96525940E-03  -0.65236485E-08   42  0.001858
  081 to 085   0.81697290E-01  0.96330495E-03   0.37859426E-08   46  0.001199
  086 to 089   0.85053519E-01  0.96057685E-03   0.33327864E-07   37  0.001254
  090 to 092   0.62027939E-01  0.96452760E-03  -0.25511704E-08   31  0.001563
  093 to 095   0.41095515E-01  0.96146076E-03   0.39174215E-07   34  0.001772

 AU0207
  001 to 010  -0.11032272E-01  0.94823520E-03  -0.83159275E-08   94  0.000741
  011 to 016   0.24291716E-01  0.94676769E-03   0.13706639E-07   34  0.000898
  017 to 021  -0.90952579E-02  0.94724982E-03   0.28458745E-08   47  0.000990
  022 to 026  -0.37164695E-01  0.94768151E-03   0.28659630E-07   49  0.001758
  027 to 043   0.76177998E-01  0.94443666E-03  -0.87654884E-09  129  0.001243
  044 to 051  -0.13029335      0.95130970E-03   0.77596009E-08   66  0.001000  -7.988E-06  0.0027647
  052 to 055  -0.32095878E-02  0.94683601E-03   0.57372785E-08   41  0.000894  -7.998E-06  0.0027647
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.12.  Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F(2) + 
             F(3) . N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the 
             conductivity slope and station-dependent correction 
             calibration terms respectively.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 station  (F(2)+F(3).N)    station  (F(2)+F(3).N)    station  (F(2)+F(3).N)    station  (F(2)+F(3).N)
 number                    number                    number                    number
 -------  --------------   -------  --------------   -------  --------------   -------  --------------
 AU0106
    1     0.96552168E-03     25     0.96478051E-03      49    0.96257717E-03      73    0.96403714E-03
    2     0.96492168E-03     26     0.96478187E-03      50    0.96386109E-03      74    0.96404124E-03
    3     0.96492066E-03     27     0.96478322E-03      51    0.96386190E-03      75    0.96404535E-03
    4     0.96491964E-03     28     0.96478458E-03      52    0.96386271E-03      76    0.96404945E-03
    5     0.96491862E-03     29     0.96478594E-03      53    0.96386352E-03      77    0.96475708E-03
    6     0.96491760E-03     30     0.96478729E-03      54    0.96386433E-03      78    0.96475056E-03
    7     0.96491659E-03     31     0.96478865E-03      55    0.96386514E-03      79    0.96474403E-03
    8     0.96491557E-03     32     0.96479001E-03      56    0.96386595E-03      80    0.96473751E-03
    9     0.96491455E-03     33     0.96479136E-03      57    0.96386676E-03      81    0.96392553E-03
   10     0.96491353E-03     34     0.96479272E-03      58    0.96386757E-03      82    0.96393312E-03
   11     0.96491252E-03     35     0.96479408E-03      59    0.96386838E-03      83    0.96394071E-03
   12     0.96491150E-03     36     0.96479543E-03      60    0.96386919E-03      84    0.96394831E-03
   13     0.96491048E-03     37     0.96479679E-03      61    0.96392675E-03      85    0.96395590E-03
   14     0.96490946E-03     38     0.96479815E-03      62    0.96393139E-03      86    0.96344305E-03
   15     0.96490844E-03     39     0.96479950E-03      63    0.96393603E-03      87    0.96347638E-03
   16     0.96490743E-03     40     0.96480086E-03      64    0.96394067E-03      88    0.96350970E-03
   17     0.96490641E-03     41     0.96472031E-03      65    0.96394531E-03      89    0.96354303E-03
   18     0.96490539E-03     42     0.96471521E-03      66    0.96394996E-03      90    0.96429799E-03
   19     0.96490437E-03     43     0.96471010E-03      67    0.96395460E-03      91    0.96429544E-03
   20     0.96490335E-03     44     0.96470500E-03      68    0.96395924E-03      92    0.96429289E-03
   21     0.96490234E-03     45     0.96270596E-03      69    0.96402073E-03      93    0.96510397E-03
   22     0.96477644E-03     46     0.96267376E-03      70    0.96402483E-03      94    0.96514314E-03
   23     0.96477780E-03     47     0.96264157E-03      71    0.96402894E-03      95    0.96518232E-03
   24     0.96477916E-03     48     0.96260937E-03      72    0.96403304E-03      

 AU0207
    1     0.94822688E-03     15     0.94697329E-03      29    0.94441124E-03      43    0.94439896E-03
    2     0.94821857E-03     16     0.94698699E-03      30    0.94441036E-03      44    0.95463785E-03
    3     0.94821025E-03     17     0.94729820E-03      31    0.94440948E-03      45    0.95464099E-03
    4     0.94820193E-03     18     0.94730105E-03      32    0.94440861E-03      46    0.95464413E-03
    5     0.94819362E-03     19     0.94730389E-03      33    0.94440773E-03      47    0.95464727E-03
    6     0.94818530E-03     20     0.94730674E-03      34    0.94440685E-03      48    0.95465041E-03
    7     0.94817699E-03     21     0.94730959E-03      35    0.94440598E-03      49    0.95465355E-03
    8     0.94816867E-03     22     0.94831203E-03      36    0.94440510E-03      50    0.95465669E-03
    9     0.94816036E-03     23     0.94834069E-03      37    0.94440422E-03      51    0.95465982E-03
   10     0.94815204E-03     24     0.94836935E-03      38    0.94440335E-03      52    0.94713435E-03
   11     0.94691846E-03     25     0.94839800E-03      39    0.94440247E-03      53    0.94714008E-03
   12     0.94693217E-03     26     0.94842666E-03      40    0.94440159E-03      54    0.94714582E-03
   13     0.94694587E-03     27     0.94441299E-03      41    0.94440072E-03      55    0.94715156E-03
   14     0.94695958E-03     28     0.94441211E-03      42    0.94439984E-03      
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.13.  CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing. For raw 
             scan number ranges, the lowest and highest scan numbers are 
             not included in the action (except for scan 1).
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 station no.  raw scan nos.  reason                       stn no.  raw scan nos.  reason
 -----------  -------------  ---------------------------  -------  -------------  ---------------------------
 AU0106                                                   AU0207
  3, upcast   3269-3274      P spike                      16       1-6100         yoyo to unblock cond. cell
 10, upcast   2314-2317      P spike                      19       2716-2767      fouling of cond. cell
 19, upcast   871-874        P spike                      21       1469-1649      fouling of cond. cell
 19, upcast   2118-2121      P spike                      25       1-8234         yoyo to unfreeze cond. cell
 36           1-550          CTD deck unit not warmed up
 36, upcast   5042-5049      P spike
 47, upcast   2110-2220      suspect data
 62           1,1500         CTD deck unit not warmed up
 59, upcast   1367-1370      P spike
 59, upcast   2821-2824      P spike
 74           1-1800         CTD deck unit not warmed up
 64, upcast   2200-2210      P spike
 89, upcast   408-411        P spike
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.14.  Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files. "1" indicates 
             missing data for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; 
             S=salinity, σT), specific volume anomaly and geopotential 
             anomaly; O=oxygen; F=fluorescence.
            _____________________________________________________________
            
             station no.  pressure (dbar) where data missing  T  S  O  F
             -----------  ----------------------------------  -  -  -  -
             AU0106
              1                  whole stn                          1
              1                  1344-1346                             1
              2                  2-14                               1
              3                  2-20                               1
              4                  2-48, 304-320                      1
              5                  2-24                               1
              6                  2-22                               1
              6                  236                                   1
              7                  2-24                               1
              8                  2-26                               1
              8                  264                          1  1  1  1
              9                  whole stn                          1
              9                  84                                    1
             10                  2-24                               1
             11                  2-56, 124-144                      1
             12                  2-20, 106-134                      1
             12                  468                                1
             13                  2-32, 114-142                      1
             14                  2-24, 110-156                      1
             15                  2-26                                  1
             15                  254                                   1
             15                  360                          1  1  1  1
             16                  2-24, 124-176                      1
             17                  2-22, 112-150                      1
             18                  whole stn                          1
             19                  2-12, 226-240                      1
             20                  2-24, 94-144, 346-364              1
             21                  2-24, 110-132                      1
             22                  2-30, 118-142                      1
             23                  2-22, 126-142                      1
             24                  82-106                             1
             25                  2-18, 128-142                      1
             26                  2-20                               1
             27                  2-38, 82-104                       1
             28                  2-22                               1
             29                  2-24, 114-136                      1
             30                  2-12, 96-116                       1
             31                  2-24                               1
             31                  156                                   1
             32                  2-24                               1
             33                  2-18                               1
             34                  whole stn                          1
             35                  2-12                               1
             35                  292                                   1
             36                  2-46, 254-262                      1
             37                  2-20, 84-120                       1
             37                  218                                   1
             38                  2-28, 94-130                       1
             39                  2-16, 104-130                      1
             40                  2-24, 106-132                      1
             41                  2-12, 68, 76-114                   1
             42                  2-4, 44-70                         1
             43                  2-6, 72-74                         1
             44                  2-6, 34-86                         1
             45                  2-6                                1
             45                  98-100                          1
             46                  2-6, 92-114                        1
             47                  2-4, 102-122                       1
             47                  754                                   1
             48                  2-10                               1
             49                  2-6, 94-116                        1
             50                  2-10                               1
             50                  346                                   1
             51                  2-10, 92-114                       1
             52                  2-136                              1
             53                  whole stn                          1
             54                  whole stn                          1
             55                  2-10                               1
             56                  2-12, 84-86, 120-124               1
             57                  2, 134-142                         1
             58                  2-8, 104-124                       1
             59                  2-6, 100-110                       1
             60                  2, 78-98                           1
             61                  2-4                                1
             62                  2-12                               1
             63                  2-12                               1
             64                  2-6                                1
             64                  36                           1  1  1  1
             64                  740                                   1
             65                  2-12                               1
             65                  440                                   1
             66                  2-10                               1
             67                  2, 76-306                          1
             67                  146-306                         1
             68                  2-4                                1
             69                  2-6, 76-106                        1
             70                  2, 60                              1
             70                  100                                   1
             71                  428                                1
             72                  2-10                               1
             76                  2-4, 330-348                       1
             76                  132                                   1
             77                  396-398                               1
             78                  2-20                               1
             79                  2                                  1
             80                  2                                  1
             80                  424                                   1
             81                  2                                  1
             81                  260, 614                              1
             82                  2-6                                1
             83                  2-4                                1
             84                  2, 548                             1
             85                  614-632                         1
             85                  684                                   1
             86                  2-18                               1
             87                  2-4                                1
             88                  2                                  1
             89                  2                                  1  1
             89                  4                                  1
             89                  380                                   1
             90                  2-6                                1
             90                  58                           1  1  1  1
             91                  2, 596-608                         1
             92                  2-12                               1
             94                  whole stn                          1
             95                  whole stn                          1
                         
             AU0207
              1                  whole stn                    1  1  1  1
              2                  whole stn                    1  1  1  1
              3                  292-300                         1  1
              4                  1096-1108, 1134-1152               1
             12                  whole stn                          1
             14                  whole stn                          1
             15                  whole stn                          1
             16                  whole stn                          1
             16                  2-6                          1  1  1  1
             20                  whole stn                          1
             21                  6                            1  1  1
             25                  2-4                          1  1  1
             30                  whole stn                    1  1  1
             36                  whole stn                          1
             41                  448-456                            1
             42                  444-456                            1
             51                  whole stn                          1
             53                  whole stn                          1
             54                  whole stn                          1
             55                  whole stn                          1
            _____________________________________________________________



Table 1.15.  2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values, 
             for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, 
             σ(T), specific volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; 
             F=fluorescence.
             __________________________________________________________________
             
              station no.  interpolated 2 dbar values  parameters interpolated
              -----------  --------------------------  -----------------------
              AU0106
                4           434                        T, S, F
                7           350                        T, S, F
               31            58                        T, S, F
               77           426                        T, S, F
              AU0207
               54          1782                        T, S
             __________________________________________________________________
            
            

Table 1.16.   Suspect 2 dbar averages for the indicated parameters: 
              T=temperature; S=salinity, σT , specific volume anomaly and 
              geopotential anomaly; O=oxygen.
______________________________________________________________________________

 stn     questionable     parameters  |  stn     questionable      parameters
 no.  2 dbar value(dbar)              |  no.  2 dbar value (dbar)
 ---  ------------------  ----------  |  ---  -------------------  ----------
 AU0106                               |
  10        96-98            O        |  54          2-4               S
  11         2               T, S     |  55          2                 S
  16         2               T, S     |  56          2-4               S
  23         2               S        |  65          2                 S
  26         2               T, S     |  66          2                 S
  30         2               S        |  67          2                 S
  40         2               S        |  68          2-4               S
  42         2-4             S        |  72          2                 S
  44         2               S        |  85          2-4               S
  50         2               S        |  90          2                 S
                                      |
 AU0207                               |
   3         2-18            O        |  29          2-10              O
   4         2-14            O        |  32          2-24              O
   5         2-52            O        |  33          2-22              O
   6         2-64            O        |  35          2-24              O
   7         2-42            O        |  37          2-28              O
   8         2-32            O        |  38          2-28              O
   9         2-50            O        |  39          2-12              O
  10        12-46            O        |  40          2-20              O
  11         2-22            O        |  42          2-18              O
  13         2-46            O        |  43          2-18              O
  17         2-24            O        |  44          2-20              O
  18         2-18            O        |  45          2-20              O
  19         2-22            O        |  46          2-22              O
  21         2-20            O        |  47          2-26              O
  22         2-20            O        |  48          2-24              O
  23         2-24            O        |  49          2-20              O
  26         2-30            O        |  50          2-10              O
  27         2-24            O        |  52          2-20              O
_____________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.17.  Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from 
             hydrology data file).    
___________________________________________________________________

     PHOSPHATE           NITRATE               SILICATE
 station  rosette    station  rosette     station    rosette
 number   position   number   position    number     position
 -------  --------   -------  --------    ---------  -------------
 AU0207
    4      3            4        3         4         3
    5      8
    9      9
   11      4                              11         3
                                          13         whole station
   17      5           17        5
                                          20         6
                                          24         7
   26      2,3,10
   27      7           27        7        27         7
                                          29         5
                                          30         5,6,7,8
   34      8
                                          39,40,41   whole station
                                          47         1
                                          48         6
___________________________________________________________________



Table 1.18.  Questionable dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from 
             hydrology data file).    
             __________________________________
             
              AU0106
              station number  rosette position
              --------------  ----------------
                   18               1
             __________________________________



Table 1.19.  Reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are 
             listed; M=mercury, D=digital.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

 AU0106
 station 1                 M12095, M12105 on pos. 24; D1625, M12104 on pos. 12; D1624, 
                             M12119 on pos. 2
 stations 2 to 12          D1625, M12104 on pos. 24;        D1624,  M12119 on pos. 2
 stations 13 to 95         D1624, M12119 on pos. 2AU0207
 stations 2 to 12          D1682, D1683 on pos. 12          D1624, D1625 on pos. 2
 stations 13 to 16         D1682, D1683 on pos. 12
 stations 17 to 55         D1624 on pos. 2
______________________________________________________________________________________



Table 1.20.  CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients. K(1), K(2), 
             K(3), K(4), K(5) and K(6) are respectively oxygen current 
             slope, oxygen sensor time constant, oxygen current bias, 
             temperature correction term, weighting factor, and pressure 
             correction term. dox is equal to 2.8σ (for σ as defined in 
             Rosenberg et al., 1995); n is the number of samples retained 
             for calibration in each station or station grouping.

____________________________________________________________________________

 station  K(1)   K(2)    K(3)     K(4)     K(5)       K(6)        dox     n
 number
 -------  -----  -----  ------  --------  -------  -----------  -------  --
 AU0106
  2       4.494   9.00  -0.239  -0.10574  0.83781  0.21763E-03  0.09373   5
  3       8.141   5.00  -1.172  -0.02861  0.74359  0.11070E-03  0.17491   6
  4      10.297   4.50  -1.738  -0.06922  0.63877  0.28891E-03  0.16129   6
  5       6.392   8.50  -0.795  -0.03475  0.14857  0.47479E-04  0.20807   7
  6       7.105  10.00  -0.952  -0.05771  0.38020  0.22007E-04  0.13418   7
  7       6.870   4.00  -0.946  -0.03185  0.16342  0.11084E-03  0.24847   7
  8       6.310   7.00  -0.783  -0.03574  0.40731  0.25652E-04  0.13530   6
 10       4.604   7.50  -0.299  -0.03399  0.72633  0.11829E-03  0.00463   4
 11       4.891   7.50  -0.287  -0.11288  0.87836  0.91929E-04  0.13548   7
 12       4.077   4.00  -0.180  -0.00335  0.72104  0.40774E-05  0.26049   6
 13       8.029   4.00  -1.213  -0.02264  0.05819  0.14155E-03  0.17151   6
 14       8.075   6.40  -1.160  -0.08662  0.80695  0.39974E-06  0.17662   6
 15       8.213   4.00  -1.294  -0.10568  0.46760  0.50358E-03  0.14285   7
 16       7.226   7.00  -1.082  -0.05999  0.10652  0.44531E-03  0.23100   7
 17       6.848   4.50  -0.928  -0.03701  0.11955  0.94530E-04  0.14523   7
 18       6.834   4.00  -0.975  -1.72390  0.70000  0.13007E-01  0.03266   4
 19       4.299   4.50  -0.118  -0.08382  0.99546  0.99674E-04  0.10442   4
 20       7.025   9.50  -1.035  -0.65624  0.47075  0.36326E-03  0.25064   7
 21       5.240   4.00  -0.544  -0.05822  0.14968  0.86153E-04  0.06532   8
 22       8.585  10.00  -1.364  -0.09392  0.52380  0.37796E-03  0.12321   8
 23       6.769  10.00  -0.871  -0.03572  0.27213  0.12471E-04  0.17393   8
 24       7.188   4.00  -0.984  -0.06441  0.42273  0.63989E-04  0.15997   7
 25       7.499   7.50  -1.095  -0.02550  0.04924  0.14430E-03  0.06104   7
 26       7.219   4.00  -1.038  -0.00135  0.67808  0.40597E-03  0.03856   5
 27       5.041   4.00  -0.360  -0.19117  0.66649  0.18050E-03  0.10325   7
 28       6.102   4.00  -0.748  -0.12501  0.37126  0.14756E-03  0.26203   8
 29       6.540   4.00  -0.865  -0.05991  0.22797  0.17151E-03  0.14825   8
 30       7.575   4.00  -1.144  -0.15715  0.39379  0.42708E-03  0.06358   7
 31       6.377   5.50  -0.789  -0.03026  0.57144  0.21489E-05  0.27712   7
 32       6.773   7.00  -0.883  -0.03164  0.43893  0.12814E-04  0.26785   8
 33       6.439  10.00  -0.806  -0.05680  0.44195  0.12863E-04  0.14257   8
 35       5.037   4.00  -0.400  -0.03900  0.82331  0.48308E-04  0.19764   6
 36       6.931  10.00  -0.905  -0.04509  0.47848  0.17131E-05  0.09769   8
 37       6.344   4.00  -0.783  -0.03392  0.33117  0.37737E-04  0.21715   7
 38       6.715  10.00  -0.862  -0.03583  0.40369  0.47109E-04  0.10970   7
 39       6.909   4.50  -0.903  -0.08464  0.62875  0.81151E-04  0.12885   6
 40       4.916   4.50  -0.463  -0.05203  0.05110  0.29316E-04  0.21421   7
 41       5.799   9.00  -0.700  -0.03566  0.42621  0.16616E-03  0.00211   4
 42       5.668   5.50  -0.619  -0.00212  0.72339  0.11190E-04  0.16545   6
 43       6.497   4.00  -0.800  -0.02293  0.71910  0.90512E-05  0.02102   6
 44       3.458  10.00   0.001  -0.02279  0.96560  0.23631E-03  0.22617   4
 45       3.536   6.50   0.017  -0.05361  0.72818  0.64078E-04  0.12994  12
 46       2.543   7.50   0.290  -0.03614  0.99703  0.43755E-04  0.13566  11
 47       2.500  10.00   0.301  -0.23919  0.57241  0.37505E-04  0.13874  12
 48       4.347   7.00  -0.210  -0.04330  0.79302  0.13075E-03  0.06438  12
 49       6.167   9.00  -0.708  -0.01044  0.75465  0.17267E-03  0.09801  10
 50       6.440   4.00  -0.766  -0.00236  0.82437  0.15659E-03  0.11758  12
 51       5.285   6.50  -0.463  -0.01574  0.79007  0.14334E-03  0.15205  12
 52       4.796  10.00  -0.279  -0.05812  0.92884  0.12471E-03  0.13415   8
 55       5.058   4.00  -0.389  -0.03685  0.72421  0.11764E-03  0.05976  12
 56       7.037   6.00  -0.957  -0.00431  0.22740  0.23279E-03  0.12593  12
 57       1.411   4.00   0.615  -0.06252  0.99782  0.51437E-04  0.20029  10
 58       0.929   4.00   0.729  -0.06526  0.87758  0.92644E-06  0.18206  11
 59       5.991   4.50  -0.648  -0.00243  0.77873  0.13627E-03  0.17484  12
 60       5.490   4.00  -0.498  -0.05476  0.70060  0.16975E-03  0.14955  11
 61       6.019   6.50  -0.662  -0.01380  0.80440  0.20610E-03  0.09887  12
 62       4.020   7.00  -0.118  -0.03672  0.84404  0.14402E-03  0.08328  12
 63       6.327  10.00  -0.746  -0.00249  0.77285  0.21029E-03  0.11717  12
 64       4.271   9.50  -0.240  -0.01138  0.08743  0.12092E-03  0.14510  10
 65       6.188   8.00  -0.689  -0.01720  0.77901  0.14464E-03  0.07895  12
 66       4.603  10.00  -0.276  -0.02774  0.82031  0.94361E-04  0.10744  12
 67       3.393   5.50   0.050  -0.45057  0.56281  0.31285E-03  0.18923  11
 68       2.697   4.00   0.253  -0.05107  0.84232  0.90226E-04  0.11526  10
 69       1.547  10.00   0.551  -0.05594  0.96992  0.89954E-04  0.19063  11
 70       2.336   4.00   0.347  -0.04798  0.91139  0.60984E-04  0.18635  11
 71       6.928   5.50  -0.815  -0.00626  0.75484  0.14341E-03  0.03878   8
 72       3.852   4.00  -0.009  -0.03416  0.99839  0.88005E-04  0.22006  10
 73       3.075   7.50   0.177  -0.04246  0.98551  0.90608E-04  0.21553  12
 74       3.489   5.50   0.094  -0.03555  0.99792  0.55967E-04  0.10856  11
 75       4.012   5.00  -0.057  -0.17371  0.58973  0.93304E-04  0.07857  11
 76       8.163   4.00  -1.111  -0.08099  0.52124  0.20943E-03  0.23257  12
 77       7.765   6.50  -1.059  -0.00858  0.83216  0.34381E-03  0.17744  11
 78       7.962   9.50  -1.088  -0.02689  0.59625  0.27684E-03  0.10222  11
 79       4.278   4.00  -0.128  -0.04123  0.96149  0.16101E-03  0.13643  12
 80       5.332   4.00  -0.413  -0.02321  0.87802  0.17364E-03  0.13393  12
 81       3.513   4.00   0.065  -0.04261  0.98631  0.10118E-03  0.14755  12
 82       5.609   4.00  -0.455  -0.03326  0.97024  0.13211E-03  0.19940  12
 83       8.287   4.00  -1.149  -0.00906  0.80193  0.20969E-03  0.20914  12
 84       5.504   4.00  -0.419  -0.09819  0.66859  0.12473E-03  0.19804  12
 85       7.188   4.00  -0.883  -0.02618  0.66460  0.19322E-03  0.12843  12
 86       6.228  10.00  -0.627  -0.02684  0.83415  0.16836E-03  0.11759  11
 87       2.930   4.00   0.223  -0.06422  0.89488  0.10432E-03  0.12989  12
 88       5.651   4.00  -0.509  -0.02285  0.84308  0.15530E-03  0.15855  12
 89       2.804   4.00   0.263  -0.05156  0.92487  0.55337E-04  0.15043  12
 90       5.624   4.00  -0.449  -0.02527  0.91729  0.91838E-04  0.12638  12
 91       5.947   9.00  -0.553  -0.01402  0.76633  0.10549E-03  0.16487  12
 92       6.764   5.50  -0.779  -0.00091  0.92124  0.15776E-03  0.20886  11
 93       4.700   9.00  -0.276  -0.01906  0.76632  0.12551E-03  0.18835  11

 AU0207
  3       7.859  10.00  -1.063  -0.03303  0.46219  0.37136E-03  0.09176  10
  4       8.126   6.00  -1.070  -0.02787  0.10215  0.11533E-03  0.15313  11
  5       3.242   4.50   0.111  -0.02890  0.70917  0.81475E-04  0.08035  11
  6       4.109  10.00  -0.094  -0.03617  0.75658  0.10402E-03  0.09585  11
  7       2.490   6.50   0.303  -0.02707  0.71318  0.59463E-04  0.07093  11
  8       3.018   6.50   0.184  -0.03038  0.72185  0.47992E-04  0.08330  11
  9       3.423   5.50   0.101  -0.03687  0.75149  0.72625E-04  0.02413  11
 10       6.333   4.00  -0.579  -0.03135  0.73545  0.11472E-03  0.09120  10
 11       8.379   4.00  -1.053  -0.03260  0.75047  0.15599E-03  0.16996  11
 13       4.022   4.00   0.137  -0.11080  0.97287  0.50469E-04  0.16432  10
 17       2.967   5.50   0.097  -0.02815  0.69110  0.10057E-03  0.25627  10
 18       3.194   4.50   0.080  -0.05411  0.78816  0.75553E-04  0.16060  11
 19       2.673   4.00   0.192  -0.03720  0.76595  0.78480E-04  0.16046  11
 21       4.156   5.00  -0.209  -0.03373  0.72777  0.13164E-03  0.23288  12
 22       4.702   9.50  -0.379  -0.03785  0.76966  0.26685E-03  0.21261  12
 23       4.880   9.50  -0.584  -0.12339  0.18692  0.34676E-03  0.18013  12
 24       3.063   6.50   0.177  -0.07580  0.90287  0.70309E-04  0.04107  11
 25       7.429   6.50  -1.098  -0.03742  0.86538  0.30474E-03  0.07801  12
 26       3.620   4.00  -0.092  -0.03892  0.77166  0.17549E-03  0.07618  11
 27       3.805  10.00  -0.082  -0.03825  0.77374  0.64142E-04  0.13152  10
 28       4.947   7.00  -0.451  -0.03240  0.31959  0.15374E-03  0.07419  12
 29       4.383   4.00  -0.266  -0.03437  0.74376  0.11301E-03  0.16528  12
 31       3.390   6.00  -0.001  -0.03271  0.70840  0.79299E-04  0.04173  10
 32       4.851   7.00  -0.279  -0.10037  0.92694  0.11089E-03  0.17938  11
 33       4.894   4.50  -0.401  -0.03380  0.73706  0.12089E-03  0.07944  11
 34       2.353   4.00   0.472  -0.61617  0.57987  0.64212E-06  0.13090  12
 35       4.428  10.00  -0.289  -0.03218  0.70814  0.13269E-03  0.10740  12
 37       3.318  10.00  -0.007  -0.00126  0.66255  0.78714E-04  0.04884  11
 38       2.668  10.00   0.207  -0.03447  0.72714  0.27970E-04  0.13035  11
 39       6.580   5.00  -0.926  -0.06571  0.29660  0.19237E-03  0.21421  11
 40       3.908   9.00  -0.101  -0.02854  0.69251  0.88327E-05  0.09081  12
 41       2.455   4.00   0.342  -0.07352  0.92911  0.36730E-04  0.16276  11
 42       6.972  10.00  -0.958  -0.01620  0.75026  0.19117E-03  0.16087  11
 43       5.000   7.00  -0.379  -0.05373  0.86348  0.14143E-03  0.17112  10
 44       4.322   7.00  -0.459  -0.11526  0.12669  0.28477E-03  0.09800  12
 45       4.207   4.00  -0.242  -0.02896  0.75060  0.16056E-03  0.15113  12
 46       3.435   4.00   0.004  -0.03424  0.73617  0.61044E-04  0.14303  11
 47       4.466   8.50  -0.318  -0.02725  0.25168  0.98322E-04  0.09665  12
 48       3.540   9.50  -0.026  -0.02846  0.69181  0.57214E-04  0.07605  12
 49       4.318   4.00  -0.248  -0.03376  0.38881  0.54600E-04  0.16218  11
 50       2.391   4.00   0.365  -3.31690  0.50344  0.11329E-04  0.19863  11
 52       3.626  10.00  -0.045  -0.03225  0.62679  0.15236E-04  0.18080  11
____________________________________________________________________________



APPENDIX 1.1  HYDROCHEMISTRY CRUISE LABORATORY REPORTS

A1.1.1.  AU0106 Hydrochemistry Laboratory Report
         (Clodagh Curran and Sarah Howe)

Seawater samples for salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations were 
analysed on this cruise.  Nutrient samples were collected in quadruplicate, 
two frozen at -80°C and two refrigerated at 4°C, for intended analysis on 
return to Hobart.  Samples were collected from 96 stations: 40 from the 
Mawson coast krill box survey, 3 from the Casey area on return to the Amery 
Ice Shelf, 50 off the Amery Ice Shelf, 1 from the Amery Ice Shelf itself 
and 2 Calibration CTD's at the end of the voyage.  The methods used are 
described in the Antarctic CRC hydrochemistry manual (Eriksen, 1997).  
Additional samples were also collected for the AMISOR project, as described 
7later in this report.

NUMBER OF SAMPLES ANALYSED

Salinities:            1152  
Dissolved oxygens:     1116
Nutrients (collected): 4464 (2232 frozen, 2232 frigerated for comparison study)

SALINITY

Salinities were analysed by Clodagh Curran in Lab 3.
A Guildline salinometer, SN 62549 was used.
Ocean Scientific IAPSO standard seawater, batch P133 (11 Nov 1997), was 
  used to standardise the salinometer throughout the cruise.
Repeat standardisations, ie P133 measured against P133, showed no 
  difference (ie 2R of <0.0 0000) over 33 repeats during the cruise.
Three P130 standards were measured. They showed no difference, average 
  being 0.0000 psu.
Four 35N1 standards were measured.  They showed no difference, average 
  being 0.0000 psu.
One P126 and and one P128 were also measured.  The P126 was 0.0005 psu 
  units higher than its nominal value; the P128 was significantly higher than 
  its nominal value, ie. 0.00248.

There were some problems controlling the temperature of Lab 3 for two days 
during the krill study.  PID temperature controller was used to control the 
temperature, however the ship's air conditioning was a bit warmer than 
required as other parts of the ship were very cold.  The temperature was 
finally lowered by a few degrees, which was enough for the temperature 
controller to step in and maintain the temperature at 21 degrees.  Two days 
were lost due to unstable temperature in the lab, and in addition some 
salinity analyses from stations 16 and 17 were compromised.

During the AMISOR project the salinometer ran very well and there were no 
temperature control or other problems.

* Files updated:  
    sal_std_check.xls
    sal62549.xls

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed by Sarah Howe.
There were no major problems, only minor operational problems which were 
  sorted out at the time.  Simple familarity with the system was all that was 
  required, particularly with the software.  It is a bit quirky.
Standardisation and blank values were collated and plotted from this and 
  previous cruises, to help identify outlying or suspicious values.
The average standardisation value and average standard deviation was 4.425 
  +/- 0.002 ml of thiosulfate.  This is 297.7 +/- 0.14 mol/L of oxygen, or 
  0.04%.
The average blank value and average standard deviation was 0.006 +/- 0.001 
  ml of thiosulfate.

Files:
  do_std&blank.xls, a9901
  do_std&blank.xls, all          collation of DO standardisation values
  do_std&blank.xls, charts       charts of standardisation values
  do.xls, variable summary
  do.xls, hydro_calc_check

GENERAL DATA HANDLING

Plots were made of property vs station to check for suspicious data, or 
wrongly entered data.  These plots were based on the data in the CSV file, 
and can be opened via the macro CSV in A0106.XLM.  Data was backed up to 
250MB Iomega Zip disks.

LABORATORIES

The salinometer was in Lab3, and the DO and MQ systems were in the 
photolab.  The salinometer was in the middle of the lab equal distance from 
the porthole, door and to the side of the fume cupboard; the DO system was 
on the port side bench of the photolab.  The MQ system was in the photolab 
on the forward bulkhead.

TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL

Temperature was controlled by the ships air conditioner, and by a CAL 
Controls Ltd 'CAL 9900' proportional derivative plus integral (PID) 
temperature controller in lab 3.  The photolab had no temperature 
controller.  The ship's heating inlets above the saliniometer were taped 
closed for the first few days of analysis, however it became too warm in 
lab 3.  Two days of analysis time were lost due to variable temperature 
reading in the lab.  The door of the lab was tied opened and the cool air 
from the corridor allowed in.  The ship's heating was turned down but the 
inlet in the lab was covered over to prevent a draft.  The temperature then 
stabilised in lab 3 and analyses resumed.  The photolab was heated by the 
ship's heating, however it still fluctuated a little as the wet lab trawl 
deck door was open allowing cool air into the ship and cooling the aft part 
of the ship on the E deck.  

The laboratory temperature was recorded by two Tinytalk units.  One was 
positioned beside the salinometer, while the other was positioned beside 
the DO system.  The temperature was also measured by a mercury thermometer 
in the photolab and the temperature monitored by the PID controller in lab 
3.  'Indoor/outdoor' electronic thermometers were used to measure the 
fridge. 

The air temperature about the salinometer was generally 21.0 +/- 1 °C.

PURIFIED WATER

About 280L (~14 x 20L carboys) of water was produced for this cruise.
The water system did not need any cartridges or tanks changed.  Two 13 
litre leased mixed bed deioniser (MBDI) tanks were used.

ADDITIONAL SAMPLES COLLECTED

A number of different samples were collected, as described below:

* UNDERWAY SAMPLES FOR MARTIN LOUREY
  Collected by Clodagh Curran and Sarah Howe.
  Samples collected for: salinity, nutrients, N-15, C-14 and 1.5L for 
  diatoms, at 8 sites (approximately every 2 degrees) on the south and north 
  legs.  The nutrient and N-15 samples were frozen at -80 degrees.  A 50ml 
  sample of filtered seawater was acidified with 50 μl of  50% HCl for N-15.  
  A 250ml sample of filtered seawater was poisoned with 100μl for C-14.  
  And a 1.5L filtered seawater sample was poisoned with 2ml of Lugols 
  solution for Diatom analysis every second station. 

* UNDERWAY SIZE FRACTIONATION FOR MARTIN LOUREY
  Underway water was filtered through 142mm dia Whatman GF/F, 5μm 20μm, 
  70μm, 200μm and 1000μm at 8 sites (approximately every 2 degrees) on the 
  south and north legs of the cruise.  The filters were collected and frozen 
  at -80°C for Marty too.  This filtered water was used for the underway 
  samples.
  

A1.1.2.  AU0207 Hydrochemistry Laboratory Report
         (Clodagh Curran and Lindsay Pender.)

This hydrochemistry was part of the repeat AMISOR program on Voyage 7 on 
the Aurora Australis.  Seawater samples were analysed for salinity, 
nutrients (NO2, NO3, Si and P) and dissolved oxygen concentrations.  
Samples were collected from 55 stations in total, including 51 CTD's along 
the Amery Ice Shelf and 4 Test Casts in deep water in the Southern Ocean.  
The methods used are described in the CSIRO hydrochemistry manual (Cowley, 
2001), and in Cowley and Johnston (1999).  

NUMBER OF SAMPLES ANALYSED
  Salinities: 607
  Dissolved Oxygens: 467
  Nutrients: 600 taken in duplicate (none analysed on board); 218 PSI samples 
  analysed from V3.
  
SALINITY

Salinities were analysed by Clodagh Curran over a 12 hour period each day 
in the wet lab.  A Guildline salinometer, SN 62549 was used.  Ocean 
Scientific IAPSO standard seawater, batch P140 (10 Nov 2000), was used to 
standardise the salinometer throughout the cruise.  Repeat 
standardisations, ie P140 measured against P140, showed no difference (ie 
2R of <0.0 0000) over 10 repeats during the cruise.

During the AMISOR program there were no problems controlling the 
temperature of the wet lab due to the cold outside temperatures.  The 
temperature ranged between 18.5 and 20.5 degrees in the lab.  A PID 
temperature controller was used to control the temperature and an 
independent air conditioner in the wet lab.  

* Files updated:
    sal_std_check.xls
    sal62549.xls

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed by Lindsay Pender in the wet lab.  
There were no problems with the DO system.  Standardisation and blank 
values were collated from this and previous cruises, and plotted, to help 
identify outlying or suspicious values.

The average standardisation value and average standard deviation was 4.425 
+/- 0.002 ml of thiosulfate.  This is 297.7 +/- 0.14μmol/L of oxygen, or 
0.04%.

The average blank value and average standard deviation was 0.006 +/- 0.001 
ml of thiosulfate.

Files:
  do_std&blank.xls, a9901
  do_std&blank.xls, all          collation of DO standardisation values
  do_std&blank.xls, charts       charts of standardisation values
  do.xls, variable summary
  do.xls, hydro_calc_check

NUTRIENTS

Initial nutrient analyses were conducted by Clodagh Curran over a 12-14 
hour period each day.  The analyser was shutdown overnight for safety 
reasons.  Phosphate, silicate, nitrite and nitrate methods were used as per 
CSIRO methods.  A new automatic switching valve system was used to change 
over from reagents to MQ and carrier etc and included a baseline 
calibration.  Standards were made up every couple of days in low nutrient 
seawater (collected from Maria Island and filtered and autoclaved before 
going on the cruise).  The carrier was artificial seawater (or sodium 
chloride in MQ).  New software "Winflow" was also used, and it proved to be 
user friendly and flexible.  A standard run included a baseline calibration 
using the switching valves which took approximately 45 mins, followed by a 
set of standards, some SRM's (Standard Reference Material from Ocean 
Scientific) and QC's (LNSW spiked with nutrients) followed by samples (up 
to 48) followed by a second set of standards, SRM's and QC's.  A run 
normally took about 3 hours to complete.  

At the beginning of the cruise particulate silicate samples (taken from V3 
and digested before going on V7) were analysed for silicate.  The other two 
systems nitrate/nitrite and phosphate were running, but were ignored for 
these samples.  These samples were made up in ASW so a few things were 
changed in the system.  The carrier was ASW, LNSW was replaced with ASW and 
the standards/SRM's were made up in ASW.  These analyses went well and the 
results were sent back to Dr. Tom Trull in Hobart.  

Once these samples were completed, the system was thoroughly washed, pump 
tubes replaced and the three mixing blocks dismantled and cleaned in MQ in 
the ultrasonic bath.  A new batch of reagents were made up, as well as new 
Standards/SRMs made up in LNSW (which was filtered 0.45m and autoclaved).  
Silicate ran well, but phosphate and nitrate didn't.  The phosphate channel 
was a little unstable, with the problems only minor and easily fixed - 
phosphate then ran well.  The nitrate system was also unstable, giving poor 
peak height and shape.  Sensitivity was lost, and baselines were high for 
ASW compared to MQ and LNSW.  The Cd coil was removed to simplify fixing 
the problems.  A normal run was done to see what the baselines were doing.  
There was a significant increase in baseline from MQ to ASW and from LNSW 
to ASW.  The ASW had a pink tinge to it when run with the colour reagent.  
This suggested contamination in the system.  

A number of experiments were then undertaken to determine the cause of the 
contamination.  Firstly the MQ was tested with ship MQ and Uni MQ (stored 
in the net store).  There was no change in the system, so this suggested 
that the cause was not the MQ system.  The NaCl was then tested: different 
batches and brands of NaCl were tested with no change in the system, so 
this suggested that the cause was not the NaCl.  This left the reagents as 
the possible cause.  New reagents were made up with new acid and new 
surfactant, Brij-35, still with no change to the system.  This suggested 
that the cause was either NEDD, Sulphanilamide or Imidazole.  There was no 
way of testing these chemicals on board the Aurora, as all the reagent 
packets were from the same batch.  

The system was thoroughly cleaned again with 10% HCl and MQ, then 
surfactant, and tested again. Problems were still serious, so no further 
nutrients were analysed on the ship, and samples were stored for analysis 
in Hobart (analysis completed in May 2002).

GENERAL DATA HANDLING
 
Data for Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity was entered in to HYDRO as per 
normal.  Plots were made of property vs station to check for suspicious 
data or wrongly entered data.  They are based on the data in the CSV file, 
and can be opened via the macro CSV in A0103.XLM.  Data was backed up to 
250MB Iomega Zip disks. 

LABORATORIES

The Salinometer, DO system and nutrient systems were all in the wet lab.  
The MQ system was in the photolab.  The systems were set up on voyage 3 
(October 2001), and remained on the ship till voyage 7.  The salinometer 
was on the aft bench, starboard side near the porthole.  The nutrient 
system was on the remaining aft bench.  The DO system was on the starboard 
sorting bench.  The port side bench near the door to the trawl deck was 
used to prepare reagents and runs for the nutrients.  The fish bowl 
contained the data computer, stationary and manuals.   

TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL

Temperature in the wet lab was controlled by an independent air conditioner 
on the starboard side bulkhead and by a CAL Controls Ltd 'CAL 9900' 
proportional derivative plus integral (PID) temperature controller.  The 
photolab had no temperature controller.  The ship's heating inlets above 
the salinometer were taped closed.  The temperature from the air 
conditioner fluctuated from 16 to 18 degrees, allowing good temperature 
stability in the wet lab.  The cold temperatures experience outside the 
ship during the cruise allowed for a fairly cool interior ship temperature.  
The air conditioner was monitored regularly to reduce large fluctuations in 
Temperature.  The photolab was heated by the ship's air conditioning, and 
maintained a steady temperature.  

The laboratory temperature was recorded by two Tinytalk units.  One was 
positioned beside the salinometer, while the other was positioned beside 
the DO system.  The temperature was also measured by a digital thermometer 
above the salinometer and the temperature monitored by the PID controller 
in the wetlab.  'Indoor/outdoor' electronic thermometers were used to 
measure the fridge and freezer.  The air temperature about the salinometer 
was generally 20.0 +/- 1 °C.

PURIFIED WATER

A new RO system was bought before voyage 3 instead of using the MBDI tanks.  
The system seemed to work ok so it remained on the ship for Voyage 7.  
However, due to the contamination in the nutrient system, the MQ filters 
were all changed mid-way through the cruise.  About 500L (~25 x 20L 
carboys) of water was produced for this cruise.

ADDITIONAL SAMPLES ANALYSED.

218 particulate silicate samples, taken on Voyage 3, were analysed 
successfully for silicate, and the results forwarded to Dr. Tom Trull 
during the cruise.  



APPENDIX 1.2  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM02 CTD DATA, 2000/2001 SEASON - 
                        DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY

                     Mark Rosenberg (data processor)
          Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors)


A1.2.1  Introduction

Eight CTD casts were taken through a borehole in the Amery Ice Shelf during 
the 2000/2001 season (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole field reports, in 
preparation), using an FSI 3" MicroCTD, serial 1610.  Following the ice 
shelf field work, FSI MicroCTD calibration checks were performed on two CTD 
casts aboard the Aurora Australis, cruise au0106, en route back to Hobart.  
This appendix details processing and calibration of the data, and describes 
data quality.  It is important to acknowledge the Amery Ice Shelf borehole 
drilling team for their successful data collection efforts under difficult 
field conditions.  This acknowledgement applies to the data described in 
Appendices 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

A1.2.2  Data Calibration

Data were output from the FSI CTD in engineering units, with manufacturer 
supplied calibration coefficients (May, 2000) applied for temperature, 
pressure and conductivity.  With these calibrations alone the data are not 
sufficiently accurate to be useful, and further calibration steps are 
required.  In particular, CTD conductivity calibrations are usually 
obtained using in situ salinity bottle samples. Unfortunately the bottle 
samples collected were not useful, due to malfunction of the new Niskin 
bottle system deployed through the borehole along with the CTD.  Final 
conductivity calibrations for the borehole data were therefore obtained 
from 2 casts aboard the Aurora Australis.  For these 2 casts the FSI 
MicroCTD, in internally recording battery-powered mode, was attached to the 
ship's main rosette system, and 2 routine 12 bottle casts were taken (Table 
A1.2.1) with GO (i.e. General Oceanics) CTD serial 1193.


TABLE A1.2.1.  CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM02 CTD's, 
               and Aurora Australis cruise au0106 FSI calibration CTD's. 
               Note: depth to water surface=distance from top of borehole 
               down to water surface in the borehole; bottom depth=total 
               water depth from water surface to ocean bottom; 
               max.P=maximum pressure of CTD cast; elevation=CTD elevation 
               above bottom at the bottom of the cast.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
 Borehole CTD
  stn  time  date         latitude   longitude  borehole   depth to    bottom  max.P   elev.
                                                 depth    water surf.  depth            
                                                  (m)         (m)       (m)    (dbar)   (m)
  ---  ----  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------  -----------  ------  ------  -----
   1   1010  01-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    380         46        790      800      0
   3   1925  01-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    380         46        790      256    537
   4   0632  02-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47        790      788     11
   5   1622  02-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47        790      768     31
   6   0728  03-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47        790      778     21
   7   0122  04-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47        790      778     21
   8   0817  05-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47.5      790      778     21
   9   1253  05-JAN-2001  69:42.80S  72:38.40E    372         47.5      790      778     21

 au0106 CTD
  94   0243  28-FEB-2001  65:09.55S  84:33.84E                           -       702     -
  95   0412  28-FEB-2001  65:09.68S  84:34.04E                           -      2002     -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________



au0106 FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION

The following processing steps were followed for the two au0106 casts to 
obtain calibration corrections for the FSI pressure and conductivity:

  • Surface pressure offset was found by averaging the 20 pressure points 
    previous to the CTD entering the water.  This offset was then removed 
    from FSI pressure data.
  • Upcast burst data were formed by retaining the 30 sec. of data previous 
    to each bottle firing, then averaging these 30 sec. bursts.  Burst 
    averages were then merged with GO upcast burst averages, and salinity 
    bottle data.
  • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast 
    data.
  • The upcast pressure burst averages for the FSI CTD were linearly fitted 
    to the GO pressure burst averages.  The following linear correction was 
    then applied to all FSI pressure data:

                      p(cal) = 1.00306 p(raw) + 0.24599            (A1.2.1)

    where p(cal) and p(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected 
    FSI pressure.  Note that when obtaining the best fit, equal weight was 
    given to both a fit through 0 pressure at the surface, and to the rest 
    of the pressure data.  However, application of this pressure correction 
    still causes a small error of ~0.3 dbar to pressures near the surface.
  • FSI conductivity was calibrated using the salinity bottle data (Figure 
    A1.2.1), as per the method described in Rosenberg et al. (1995).  Both 
    stations were grouped together to provide a single calibration fit 
    (i.e. no station dependent term).  The linear correction obtained was:

                     c(cal) = 0.99192 c(raw) + 0.080047            (A1.2.2)

    where c(cal) and c(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected 
    FSI conductivity; this correction was applied to all FSI conductivity 
    data.
  • 2 dbar averages were formed for temperature, corrected pressure and 
    corrected conductivity, from the pressure monotonic downcast and upcast 
    files.  Note that a minimum attendance of 2 data points was required to 
    form each 2 dbar bin.  A salinity value for each 2 dbar bin was then 
    calculated from these averages.

BOREHOLE FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION

  • Data logged as station 2 was the upcast for station 1, and was appended 
    to station 1 data (therefore no station 2).
  • Surface pressure offsets were found and applied as described above.
  • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast 
    data, and the pressure and conductivity corrections found above were 
    applied.
  • 2 dbar averaged files were formed for downcast and upcast data, as 
    described above.  Note that for the borehole data, a minimum attendance 
    of 3 data points was required to form each 2 dbar bin.

A1.2.3  Data Quality

au0106 FSI AND GO CTD COMPARISONS

Data comparisons between the FSI and GO CTD's for the 2 calibration casts 
on cruise au0106 are shown in Figures A1.2.3 to A1.2.6. 

From Figure A1.2.5, there is a temperature calibration difference between 
the two instruments, as follows:

              above  0°C    t(fsi) > t(GO) by  ~0.003°C 
              below -0.4°C  t(fsi) < t(GO) by  ~0.005°C 

-0.4 to 0°C   transition zone between above two ranges

There appears to be a calibration offset between the two instruments at 
positive temperatures; at sub-zero temperatures, the response of the two 
instruments is different.  This comparison alone does not indicate which 
instrument is in error, and the FSI temperature data can therefore only be 
assumed accurate to 0.005°C.

From Figure A1.2.6, FSI and GO CTD salinities compare well, to within 
~0.002 (PSS78); the exception is the downcast data in the steep vertical 
gradients down to ~500 dbar, where FSI salinities are greater than GO 
values (Figure A1.2.6a).

BOREHOLE FSI CTD DATA

Downcast FSI CTD data for borehole AM02 are shown in Figures A1.2.7 and 
A1.2.8.  Note that data inside the borehole (i.e. top 300 dbar) are not 
shown in the figures.

Downcast and upcast temperature data agree well, and all 8 stations are 
consistent for temperature (Figure A1.2.7).   Note that at station 1, the 
CTD was accidentally laid on the bottom, however this does not appear to 
have affected temperature data.

Salinity data for stations 1 to 5 (Figure A1.2.8) are unrealistically high 
when compared to ship-based measurements from the region (Figure A1.2.10), 
thus station 1 to 5 salinity data are assumed to be bad.  Note that 
conductivity values dropped after the bottom contact during station 1, 
however values soon returned to normal on the upcast.  The precision of 
salinity data for stations 6 to 9 is good, with good agreement between 
downcast and upcast data.  Without salinity bottle data to provide in situ 
calibrations, these data cannot be considered up to the usual accuracy.  In 
fact data from later seasons (Appendices 1.3 and 1.4) indicate that these 
salinities may be low by ~0.03 (PSS78) (i.e. conductivity low by ~0.02 
mS/cm).  The reason for the anomalously high salinity (i.e. conductivity) 
data for stations 1 to 5 is not known, however the most likely cause is 
physical interference with the field surrounding the inductive conductivity 
cell (i.e. an object too close to the sensor, but no longer there after 
station 5).


SUMMARY OF BOREHOLE CTD DATA
______________________________________________________________________

 PARAMETER    ACCURACY                       GOOD DATA    BAD DATA
 -----------  -----------------------------  -----------  -----------
 TEMPERATURE  0.005°C                        STATION 1-9     -
 SALINITY     POSSIBLY LOW BY ~0.03 (PSS78)  STATION 6-9  STATION 1-5
______________________________________________________________________


au0106 AMISOR LEG 1 CTD DATA

Ship-based CTD data from cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 are shown in Figures 
A1.2.9 and A1.2.10.  Note that only the stations closest to the borehole 
site (Figure A1.2.2) are plotted.  Overall these ship-based data provide 
qualitative confirmation of the borehole CTD data. 

A1.2.4.  Data File Formats

2 dbar averaged CTD data from borehole AM02 are contained in ascii and 
matlab format files, as follows:

ASCII
am02dxxx.dwc_av  downcast data
am02dxxx.upc_av  upcast data

where xxx=station number, and "c" indicates calibrated data.  The files 
contain 2 header lines, followed by the data in column format.  Note that 
there is a line of data for each 2 dbar bin, and missing values are filled 
by blanks.

MATLAB
am02dwn.mat  downcast data
am02up.mat   upcast data




APPENDIX 1.3.  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM01 CTD DATA, 2001/2002 SEASON - 
                          DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY

                     Mark Rosenberg (data processor)
           Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors)

A1.3.1.  Introduction

Seven CTD casts were taken through a borehole in the Amery Ice Shelf during 
the 2001/2002 season (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole field reports, in 
preparation), using an FSI 3" MicroCTD, serial 1610.  Following the ice 
shelf field work, FSI MicroCTD calibration checks were performed on three 
CTD casts aboard the Aurora Australis, cruise au0207, en route back to 
Hobart.  This appendix details processing and calibration of the data, and 
describes data quality. 

A1.3.2.  Data Calibration

Pre-season laboratory calibrations of the FSI CTD temperature, pressure and 
conductivity sensors were done at CSIRO (August 2001).  In the field, data 
were output from the FSI CTD in engineering units, with CSIRO calibration 
coefficients applied for temperature, pressure and conductivity.  Further 
corrections for pressure and conductivity were obtained from in situ 
measurements, as detailed in the next section.  For conductivity, the 
initial correction for the borehole data was obtained from 3 casts aboard 
the Aurora Australis.  For these 3 casts the FSI MicroCTD, in internally 
recording battery-powered mode, was attached to the ship's main rosette 
system, and 3 routine 12 bottle casts were taken (Table A1.3.1) with GO 
(i.e. General Oceanics) CTD serial 2568.  FSI and GO CTD data were then 
compared, and FSI conductivity data was calibrated against the bottle 
samples obtained.  A final offset correction for the FSI conductivity data 
was obtained using in situ salinity samples collected from Niskin bottles 
deployed through the borehole on the ice shelf along with the CTD.  These 
samples were analysed on the ship on the return to Hobart.


TABLE A1.3.1.  CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM01 CTD's, 
               and Aurora Australis cruise au0207 FSI calibration CTD's. 
               Note: depth to water surface=distance from top of borehole 
               down to water surface in the borehole; bottom depth=total 
               water depth from water surface to ocean bottom; 
               max.P=maximum pressure of CTD cast; elevation=CTD elevation 
               above bottom at the bottom of the cast. Also note that the 
               borehole depth given is the depth to the base of the porous 
               ice/slush layer below the solid ice shelf.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Borehole CTD
  stn  time  date         latitude    longitude  borehole   depth to    bottom  max.P   elev.
                                                  depth    water surf.  depth                
                                                   (m)        (m)        (m)    (dbar)   (m)
  ---  ----  -----------  ---------   ---------  --------  -----------  ------  ------  -----
   1   0928  10-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56.5        783     782    10
   2   0110  11-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56.5        783     772    20
   3   1748  11-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56.5        783     780    12
   4   1136  12-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        57.4        783     776    16
   5   1531  12-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56.6        783     776    16
   6   0902  13-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56.5        783     786     6
   7   1143  14-JAN-2002  69°26.5'S   71°25.0'E    478        56          783     772    20

 au0207 CTD
  53   0152  27-FEB-2002  64°41.05'S  73°01.27'E                         3490    2004     -
  54   0527  27-FEB-2002  64°33.13'S  73°36.04'E                         3500    2004     -
  55   0739  27-FEB-2002  64°32.41'S  73°32.58'E                         3500    1504     -
______________________________________________________________________________________________


au0207 FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION

The following processing steps were followed for the three au0207 casts to 
obtain calibration corrections for the FSI pressure and conductivity:

  • Surface pressure offset was found by averaging the 20 pressure points 
    previous to the CTD entering the water.  This offset was then removed 
    from FSI pressure data.
  • Upcast burst data were formed by retaining the 30 sec. of data previous 
    to each bottle firing, then averaging these 30 sec. bursts.  Burst 
    averages were then merged with GO upcast burst averages, and salinity 
    bottle data.
  • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast 
    data.
  • Comparison of FSI and GO pressure data revealed a small calibration 
    difference, of the order 4 dbar over 2000 dbar.  Assuming GO pressure 
    as the more accurate, a correction was found for FSI pressure as 
    follows.  The upcast pressure burst averages for the FSI CTD were 
    linearly fitted to the GO pressure burst averages.  The following 
    linear correction was then applied to all FSI pressure data:

                       p(cal) = 1.0020 p(raw) + 0.2506             (A1.3.1)

    where p(cal) and p(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected 
    FSI pressure.  Note that when obtaining the best fit, equal weight was 
    given to both a fit through 0 pressure at the surface, and to the rest 
    of the pressure data.  However, application of this pressure correction 
    still causes a small error of ~0.3 dbar to pressures near the surface.
  • FSI conductivity was calibrated using the salinity bottle data (Figure 
    A1.3.1), as per the method described in Rosenberg et al.(1995).  The 3 
    stations were grouped together to provide a single calibration fit 
    (i.e. no station dependent term).  The linear correction obtained was:

                     c(cal) = 0.99662 c(raw) + 0.080084            (A1.3.2)

    where c(cal) and c(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected 
    FSI conductivity; this correction was applied to all FSI conductivity 
    data.
  • 2 dbar averages were formed for temperature, corrected pressure and 
    corrected conductivity, from the pressure monotonic downcast and upcast 
    files.  Note that a minimum attendance of 2 data points was required to 
    form each 2 dbar bin.  A salinity value for each 2 dbar bin was then 
    calculated from these averages.


BOREHOLE FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION

  • Surface pressure offsets were found and applied as described above.
  • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast 
    data, and the pressure and conductivity corrections found from the ship 
    comparisons, described above, were applied.
  • The physical mounting of the FSI CTD on the borehole seacable and on 
    the ship's rosette frame in both cases resulted in physical objects 
    lying within the interference range of the conductivity cell.  As a 
    consequence, the ship-based conductivity correction was not expected to 
    give the most accurate conductivity data for the borehole measurements.  
    Good salinity samples were however obtained from the Niskin bottles 
    deployed through the borehole, allowing an additional correction to be 
    applied to FSI conductivity data. Salinity ranges below the ice shelf 
    were small enough (~0.2 PSS78, Figure A1.3.6) that a simple offset 
    correction was adequate.  Comparison CTD and bottle salinities, the 
    following offset correction was obtained:

                        c(newcal) = c(cal) + 0.0205                (A1.3.3)

    where c(cal) is the conductivity from equation 2 above, and c(newcal) 
    is the final corrected conductivity value (equivalent to a salinity 
    correction of ~0.028 PSS78).  This final correction was applied to all 
    borehole CTD conductivity data.
  • 2 dbar averaged files were formed for downcast and upcast data, as 
    described above.  Note that for the borehole data, a minimum attendance 
    of 1 data point was required to form each 2 dbar bin.
  • Communication problems up the seacable were encountered when deploying 
    the CTD through the borehole, and all stations were logged at ~0.3Hz.  
    Note that the CTD was lowered and raised at slower rates than the 
    previous season, to compensate for the decreased data frequency.  For 
    stations 6 and 7, the data were logged internally at 1.83 Hz.  These 
    internally logged data, at the higher sampling rate, were used for 
    stations 6 and 7.


A1.3.3.  DATA QUALITY

au0207 FSI AND GO CTD COMPARISONS

Data comparisons between the FSI and GO CTD's for 1 of the 3 calibration 
casts on cruise au0207 are shown in Figures A1.3.3 to A1.3.5. 

From Figure A1.3.4, the temperature calibration difference between the two 
instruments appears to be ~0.003°C for the downcast, and ~0.005°C for the 
upcast, with significantly greater differences at low temperatures around 
the temperature minimum (Figure A1.3.3).  Closer inspection of the vertical 
temperature profiles for the two CTD's reveals the large temperature 
difference around the temperature minimum is in fact due to pressure 
calibration differences causing vertical offset of the two profiles.  And 
the larger temperature difference apparent on the upcast (Figure A1.3.4b) 
is again due to pressure calibration differences - in this case there is 
hysteresis of the pressure sensor for one of the two CTD's, causing 
increased vertical offset of the upcast temperature profiles for the two 
instruments.  So temperature values for the two CTD's agree to within 
0.003°C. 

From Figure A1.3.5, FSI and GO CTD salinities compare reasonably well, to 
within ~0.003 (PSS78).  As above for temperature, the pressure calibration 
differences exaggerate the salinity difference around steep vertical 
gradients.

Borehole FSI CTD data

Downcast FSI CTD data for borehole AM01 are shown in Figure A1.3.6.  Note 
that data inside the borehole (i.e. top 300 dbar) are not shown in the 
figures.  Downcast and upcast temperature and salinity data agree well, and 
in general the data are good for all 7 stations.  Application of the 
additional conductivity offset correction derived from comparison with the 
Niskin bottle salinity samples, as described above, makes the FSI salinity 
data more accurate than data from the 2000/2001 borehole (AM02). 

The profiles (Figure A1.3.6) clearly show the transition between the solid 
ice shelf and the porous layer at ~325 dbar.  The next transition between 
the porous layer and clear water can be seen at ~420 dbar.  Most stations 
then show a fairly homogeneous layer of ice shelf water below this, with a 
layer thickness of between 50 and 80 dbar.

SUMMARY OF BOREHOLE CTD DATA

  • good data for all 7 stations
  • data logged at ~0.3 Hz for stations 1 to 5
  • internally logged data, at the higher sampling rate of 1.83 Hz, used 
    for stations 6 and 7
  • data accuracy: temperature  <0.005°C
      salinity  <0.004 (PSS78)
      pressure  ~2dbar
  • The complete CTD data (i.e not averaged into 2 dbar bins) for the time 
    series station (logged as station 3a) are in the file am01d03a.cc
  • The complete CTD data (i.e. not averaged into 2 dbar bins) for station 
    7, including 2 partial down and upcasts, plus stops at several depths 
    for current measurements, are in the file am02d07a.cc

au0207 SHIP BASED CTD DATA

Ship-based CTD data from cruise au0207 (Figure A1.3.2) along the Amery Ice 
Shelf front are shown in Figure A1.3.7.  Note that only the stations 46 to 
52 are plotted.  Overall these ship-based data provide qualitative 
confirmation of the borehole CTD data. 

A1.3.4.  Data File Formats

2 dbar averaged CTD data from borehole AM01 are contained in ascii and 
matlab format files, as follows:

ASCII
am01d00x.dcc_av  downcast data
am01d00x.ucc_av  upcast data
am01d0xa.cc      complete data (i.e. not averaged into 2 dbar bins)

where x=station number, and "cc" indicates calibrated data.  The files 
contain 2 header lines, followed by the data in column format.  Note that 
for 2 dbar averaged data there is a line of data for each 2 dbar bin, and 
missing values are filled by blanks.

MATLAB
am01dwn.mat  downcast data
am01up.mat   upcast data




APPENDIX 1.4.  AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLES AM01 AND AM02 MICROCAT DATA  -  
                              DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY

                      Mark Rosenberg (data processor)
           Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors)

Three SeaBird SBE37IM inductive modem microcats were deployed at each of 
the Amery Ice Shelf boreholes AM01 and AM02, hanging suspended from the 
base of the ice shelf and frozen in (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole 
field reports, in preparation).  This appendix describes the data 
processing and data quality.

All microcat data were assigned a consistent decimal time scheme, using 
decimal days as counted from midnight on December 31st 2000.  So, e.g. 
midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; midday on January 1st 2002 = 
365.5.  Note that this time scheme is consistent with all the AMISOR 
oceanographic mooring data (Part 2 of this report).

The microcats recorded temperature, conductivity and pressure (note that 
the microcats on the 9 oceanographic moorings offshore from the ice shelf 
did not have pressure sensors).  The instruments were all set to a 
recording interval of 30 minutes.  Station information for the moorings at 
the two borehole locations are is in Appendices 1.2 and 1.3, at the time of 
deployment.  These locations change in time, as the ice shelf is in motion.


TABLE A1.4.1.  Borehole microcat details. Mean instrument positions are 
               over the recording period (~13 months for AM02, ~8 days for 
               AM01).
_________________________________________________________________________

 borehole  microcat  mean instrument position     time (days)     no. of
                         depth  pressure       between start and   sec. 
                          (m)    (dbar)           clock check      fast
 --------  --------  ------------------------  -----------------  ------
   AM02      1623        334.9   338.6              401.5          120
   AM02      1624        556.6   563.0              401.5          300
   AM02      1174        762.8   772.0              401.5          120

   AM01      1969        436.1   441.0                8.0            0
   AM01      1970        574.5   581.2                8.0            0
   AM01      1971        733.5   742.3                8.0            0
_________________________________________________________________________


The microcats were downloaded by Al Elcheikh using the SeaBird terminal 
program Seaterm (version 1.22), and instrument clock errors were noted at 
the time (Table A1.4.1).  These errors were only noted to the nearest 
minute.  In addition, the exact day when the instrument clocks were set had 
to be estimated.  Therefore after correction for clock drift error, 
instrument times in the final data can only be considered accurate to one 
minute. 

Communication was made with the microcats on several occasions for the 
mooring at AM02.  After each communication, logging commenced at a 
different part of the hour, and as a consequence there are several time 
discontinuities through the time series.  For the mooring at AM02, these 
discontinuities are at the following times:

microcat 1623:  ~1630 on 9/1/2001;  ~0430 on 16/1/2001;  ~0630 on 14/2/2001
microcat 1624:  ~1700 on 9/1/2001;  ~0500 on 16/1/2001;  ~0730 on 14/2/2001
microcat 1174:  ~1700 on 9/1/2001;  ~0500 on 16/1/2001;  ~0800 on 14/2/2001

No discontinuities are present in the first download of microcat data from 
AM01.

Manufacturer supplied calibrations (July/August/September 2000 for AM02 
instruments, May/June 2001 for AM01 instruments) were applied internally by 
the microcats, and calibrated data were output.  The data were then 
processed as follows:

  • The raw files were manually edited to remove data where the microcats 
    were being deployed. 
  • The files were padded at the start and end, and data gaps were checked 
    for and filled; decimal times were also calculated.
  • Decimal times were "compressed" linearly throughout the time series to 
    correct for clock error.  No compression was required for AM01 
    microcats at this stage, due to the short initial time series of ~8 
    days.  After this time correction for AM02 microcats, the data are 
    therefore at irregular record intervals.  Reinterpolation onto regular 
    time intervals was not undertaken, due to the assumed resulting errors.

A brief comparison was made between borehole microcat and CTD temperature 
and salinity data.  Although no simultaneous microcat and CTD measurements 
exist, the time difference was only of the order of several days, and a 
valid comparison can still be made in TS space.  Fairly good agreement was 
found between the CTD and microcat data for borehole AM01 (Figure A1.4.4) 
in the 2001/2002 season.  For the earlier borehole AM02 in the 2000/2001 
season, temperatures agree fairly well, but CTD salinities are on average 
~0.03 (PSS78) lower than microcat salinities (Figure A1.4.3).  Note that 
for AM02, no borehole Niskin bottle samples were available to correct the 
CTD data (Appendix 1.2).  However the correction found for the AM01 CTD 
salinities from the borehole Niskins was +0.028 (Appendix 1.3).  This value 
is very close to the above microcat/CTD salinity difference for AM02.  It 
is therefore assumed that the microcat data are correct, and the AM02 CTD 
salinity values are low by ~0.03.


2.1.  INTRODUCTION

An array of 9 moorings (Figure 1.1 earlier in the report, and Figure 2.1) 
was deployed along the front of the Amery Ice Shelf as part of the AMISOR 
program, outlined in Part 1 of this report.  Mooring instrumentation 
included 27 thermosalinographs, 5 temperature loggers, 25 rotor current 
meters, 1 acoustic current meter, 4 acoustic Doppler current profilers 
(ADCP) and 2 upward looking sonars (ULS).  This section describes data 
processing and data quality for the AMISOR oceanographic moorings, and the 
data are summarised graphically.  Deployment and recovery details are 
described in unpublished cruise reports.  Data from the Amery Ice Shelf 
borehole microcat moorings are discussed earlier in the report in Appendix 
1.4.

Mooring diagrams are shown in Figures 2.2 to 2.4, and mooring details are 
summarised in Tables 2.1 and 2.2.  Data file formats are summarised in 
Appendix 2.1.


TABLE 2.1.  Instrument types used on AMISOR moorings. For parameters, 
            T=temperature, C=conductivity, P=pressure, SPD=current speed, 
            DIR=current direction, Tu=turbidity. For the RCM5's and RCM8's, 
            not all instruments include P, and C is included only on RCM5's 
            serials 8662, 8663 and 8670 (Table 2.4).
_______________________________________________________________________________

 instrument type                     parameters measured   recording interval
 ----------------------------------  --------------------  -------------------
 SeaBird SBE37SM microcat            T,C                        5 minutes
 SeaBird SBE39                       T                          5 minutes
 Aanderaa RCM5 current meter         SPD,DIR,T,P               60 minutes
 Aanderaa RCM8 current meter         SPD,DIR,T,P               60 minutes
 Aanderaa RCM9 current meter         SPD,DIR,T,P,C,Tu          20 minutes
 RDI Broadband 150kHz ADCP,       
  upward looking orientation,
  convex 4 beam pattern              SPD,DIR,T,roll,pitch      60 minutes
 Upward looking sonar, Curtin
  University of Technology, Western
  Australia                          ice thickness,          varied bursts, 
                                     T, P, tilt            according to season
_______________________________________________________________________________


2.2.  INITIAL DATA PROCESSING

2.2.1.  General

All mooring data were assigned a consistent decimal time scheme, using 
decimal days as counted from midnight on December 31st 2000.  So, e.g., 
midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; midday on January 1st 2002 = 
365.5.

Proximity of instruments to the south magnetic pole makes magnetic 
variation significant for current measurements.  An average magnetic 
declination value was calculated for each mooring site, using the 
International Geomagnetic Reference Field - 2000, as modelled by the 
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Division V, Working 
Group 8.  The program geomag31 was downloaded from the NOAA website 
www.ngdc.noaa.gov, and for each mooring location the program was run over 
the time interval 15th February 2001 to 15th February 2002, in 2 month time 
steps; an average at each location was calculated from the 2 month values.  
These average values (Table 2.2) were then applied as a constant correction 
to current meter measurements (Aanderaas and moored ADCP's).

The various instrumentation types are summarised in Table 2.1.  Data from 
the upward looking sonars (ULS) (principal investigator Ian Allison, 
Australian Antarctic Division) are not discussed further in this report.

2.2.2  Microcat and SBE39

During the recovery of mooring AMISOR2, a yellow protective plug was found 
still fitted to the lower end of the conductivity cell on microcat 321.  As 
a result optimum flushing of the cell may have been impeded during the time 
in the water, however from initial inspection of the record the 
conductivity/salinity data appear to be okay.

Microcat and SBE39 data were dumped from the instruments at sea (cruise 
au0207), using the SeaBird terminal program Seaterm (version 1.22).  When 
first communicating with each instrument, clock error was noted (Table 
2.3).  All instruments recorded successfully, however faulty sensors caused 
significant data loss for 3 of the microcats (see data quality section).  
Note that the raw downloaded files were much "cleaner" (i.e. less data 
stream errors) than the equivalent downloaded files from the Mertz Polynya 
deployments (Rosenberg et al., 2001).

Manufacturer supplied pre-deployment calibrations (August 2000) were 
applied internally by the microcats, and calibrated data were output.  The 
output files were manually edited to remove out of water data at the start 
and end of files, then the program "catfixamisor" was run to pad files at 
the start and end, calculate decimal times, check for and fill data gaps, 
fix bad temperature reads due to data stream problems, recalculate 
conductivity (for microcats only) using the correct deployment pressure, 
and calculate salinity (for microcats only).  Note that there were no 
pressure sensors on any of these microcats, and a constant pressure value 
was used for all conductivity and salinity calculations.  All files were 
padded to start from the first record on on 1st February 2001, and to end 
at the last record on 27th February 2002.

Prior to deployment the microcats and SBE39's were all setup to start 
recording at exactly 1200 UTC on 14th February 2001.  For an unknown 
reason, data recording for all the instruments commenced at various times 
between 1 and 2 minutes after the hour, thus first records for the 
different instruments are not simultaneous.  Note that this unexplained 
delay in commencement of logging was unrelated to clock drift over the 
deployment period.  After recovery of the instruments, the microcat clocks 
were typically running 1 to 4 minutes fast; SBE39 clocks were running ~1 
minute slow (Table 2.3).  The program "catstretchamisor" was run to 
compress (or stretch) all decimal times to correct for this clock drift.  
The correction was applied linearly throughout the time series.  After this 
correction the data were NOT reinterpolated onto regular time intervals - 
this would have led to aliasing problems.  Thus the recording intervals in 
the final data set are irregular, with different intervals for the 
different time series.  These differences are however very small, only a 
few minutes over a year; and they are insignificant between successive data 
records.  

2.2.3  Aanderaa RCM's

Aanderaa RCM data were dumped from the instruments at sea on cruise au0207.  
Clock error to the nearest minute was noted when first communicating with 
each instrument (Table 2.3).  25 of the 26 RCM's recorded successfully - of 
these, 5 instruments stopped logging good data 4 to 5 months prior to 
recovery; the 26th instrument (RCM8-10284) failed to log any good data.

The Aanderaa program DSU5059 was used to apply calibration coefficients 
(see Table 2.4 for calibration dates) and to add time stamps to the raw 
data files.  The files output by the program were then edited to change 
some of the undesirable format features created by DSU5059.  Next, the 
program "aand_amisorfix" ("aand_rcm9fix" for the RCM9) was run to reformat 
the data, apply the local magnetic declination correction (Table 2.2), 
calculate u and v current components, and convert the pressure sensor units 
to dbar. Files output at this stage were edited to remove out of water data
at the start and end.  The program "aand_amisordectime" ("aand_rcm9dectime" 
for the RCM9) was then run to pad files at the start and end, calculate 
decimal times, and check for and fill data gaps.  All files were padded to 
start from 0030 UTC on 1st February 2001, and to end at the last record on 
27th February 2002. 


TABLE 2.2.  Summary of mooring details. Note: magdec=average magnetic 
            declination.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 mooring     position     deployment   recovery      ocean   magdec  d(magdec)/dt   instrument    instrument position
                          time (UTC)   (release)     depth   (deg)    (deg/year)                    depth  pressure
                                       time (UTC)     (m)                                            (m)    (dbar)
 -------  -------------   ----------   -----------   -----   ------  ------------   ------------    -----  --------
 amisor1  69° 22.014'S,   1313,        0600,          750    -76.46     -0.14       RCM8-10867       367    371.2
           7° 38.153'E    16/02/2001   22/02/2002                                   microcat-315     368    372.2
                                                                                    RCM8-10919       459    464.4
                                                                                    microcat-316     460    465.4
                                                                                    RCM8-10282       571    577.8
                                                                                    microcat-317     572    578.8
                                                                                    microcat-318     725    733.9
                                                                                    RCM5-7837x       735    744.0
 amisor2  69° 12.001'S,   1607,        1208,          672    -75.88     -0.14       RCM8-10868       370    374.2
          74° 05.962'E    16/02/2001   21/02/2002                                   microcat-319     371    375.3
                                                                                    RCM8-10993       462    467.4
                                                                                    microcat-320     463    468.4
                                                                                    microcat-321     647    654.8
                                                                                    RCM8-10917       657    665.0
 amisor3  68° 52.386'S,   0544,        0748,          768    -75.16     -0.14       SBE39-089        324    327.7
          73° 33.310'E    17/02/2001   21/02/2002                                   RCM8-10914       347    351.0
                                                                                    microcat-322     348    352.0
                                                                                    RCM8-10869       439    444.1
                                                                                    microcat-323     440    445.1
                                                                                    RCM8-10996       551    557.5
                                                                                    microcat-324     552    558.5
                                                                                    RCM8-10311       663    671.0
                                                                                    microcat-325     664    672.0
                                                                                    microcat-326     743    752.1
                                                                                    RCM5-8670x       753    762.3
 amisor4  68° 35.314'S,   1248,        0903,          538    -74.09     -0.14       BE39-107         347    350.9
          72° 30.236'E    17/02/2001   12/02/2002                                   microcat-327     366    370.2
                                                                                    ADCP-0136        367    371.2
                                                                                    RCM8-10915       459    464.3
                                                                                    microcat-328     460    465.4
                                                                                    microcat-329     513    519.0
                                                                                    RCM8-10768       523    529.2
 amisor5  68° 34.840'S,   1546,         2355,         472    -73.43     -0.14       SBE39-112        345    348.9
          71° 39.816'E    17/02/2001    10/02/2002                                  microcat-330     364    368.2
                                                                                    ADCP-1136        365    369.2
                                                                                    microcat-332     447    452.2
                                                                                    RCM8-10704       457    462.3
 amisor6  68° 30.330'S,   0423,         0440,         786    -72.76     -0.14       ADCP-0135        365    369.2
          70° 51.770'E    18/02/2001    11/02/2002                                  microcat-380     366    370.2
                                                                                    RCM8-10916       457    462.3
                                                                                    microcat-908     458    463.3
                                                                                    RCM8-10284       569    575.8
                                                                                    microcat-909     570    576.8
                                                                                    RCM8-10701       681    689.3
                                                                                    SBE39-111        682    690.3
                                                                                    microcat-911     761    770.4
                                                                                    RCM8-10703       771    780.5
 amisor7  68° 28.659'S,   0945,        0742,          135    -72.36     -0.14       ADCP-1143        378    382.3
          70° 23.118'E    18/02/2001   11/02/2002                                   microcat-912     379    383.3
                                                                                    RCM8-10918       470    475.5
                                                                                    microcat-913     471    476.5
                                                                                    RCM8-7838x       582    588.9
                                                                                    microcat-914     583    589.9
                                                                                    RCM8-10998       694    702.4
                                                                                    microcat-1119    695    703.5
                                                                                    SBE39-115        805    815.5
                                                                                    RCM8-10702       906    917.5
                                                                                    microcat-1120    907    918.5
                                                                                    microcat-1121   1110   1124.6
                                                                                    RCM9-597_9       120   1134.7
 amisor8  69° 00.020'S,   0418,        0854,          717    -76.64     -0.14       ULS3-SOFAR       172    173.9
  (uls1)  75° 18.680'E    21/02/2001   14/02/2002                                   RCM5-8662x       199    201.2
 amisor9  68° 33.693'S,   (position at deployment)
          72° 42.297'E
  (uls2)  68° 32.135'S,   0904,        0508,          629    -74.15     -0.14       ULS5 -SO-ON      253    255.8
          72° 38.536'E    17/02/2001   16/02/2002
                          (position at recovery)                                    RCM5-8663x       278    281.1
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


After recovery of the instruments, the RCM clocks were typically running 10 
to 15 minutes slow (Table 2.3).  The program "aand_stretch" 
("aand_rcm9stretch") was run to stretch all decimal times to correct for 
the clock drift.  The correction was applied linearly throughout the time 
series; data were NOT then reinterpolated onto regular time intervals.  As 
a consequence the recording intervals in the final data set are irregular.  
For the 5 RCM's which stopped recording several months early (serials 
10703, 10915, 10993, 10282 and 10311), the clock drift value was estimated 
based on the measured values for the other RCM's.  For instrument 10311, 
logging recommenced when the instrument was retrieved.  The clock drift 
however could still not be directly measured, so an estimate was required.

2.2.4.  Moored ADCP

The moored ADCP's were set up with the following logging parameters:

no. of bins = 40
bin length = 8.0 m
blank after transmit = 2.0 m
distance to centre of first bin = 11.0 m
pings per ensemble = 20
time between pings = 2.00 s

When the ADCP's were checked several days prior to deployment, 0135 had 
failed.  The instrument was opened up and the circuit boards and batteries 
reseated.  The instrument was then reprogrammed for deployment.

Data from the ADCP's were dumped on cruise au0207, using the RDI program 
BBtalk.  Of the 4 instruments, 0136 and 1136 recorded data for the full 
deployment time; 0135 failed after ~10 weeks in the water, including a gap 
of 24 days of no recording after only 6 days in the water; and 1143 failed 
during deployment (i.e. no data). 

An accurate clock drift could only be determined for instrument 0136.  The 
clock drift for 0135 and 1136 had to be estimated (Table 2.3), and as a 
result the times for these two instruments can only be considered accurate 
to ~5 minutes.

The raw data were initially converted to matlab format using the RDI 
program WINADCP by Bernadette Heaney at CSIRO.  The files were then 
processed as follows:

(a) Files were manually edited to remove several small time recording 
    errors. 
(b) The program "adcpfixamisor" was run to reformat the matlab matrices and 
    vectors.


TABLE 2.3.  Instrument clock errors. Note: time fast in seconds for 
            microcat and SBE39, in minutes for RCM and ADCP. For RCM's and 
            ADCP's, * indicates estimated value.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 instrument   no. of     time (days) between  | instrument   no. of     time (days) between
             sec. fast  start and clock check |             min. fast  start and clock check
 ----------  ---------  --------------------- | ----------  ---------  ---------------------
 microcat                                     |   RCM
  315           117          441.1785         |   10282       -10*          388.4063*
  316           134          441.2674         |   10284        -               - 
  317           199          441.3354         |   10311       -12*          390.5979
  318           127          441.4028         |   10701       -15           391.1146
  319           181          440.2000         |   10702       -12           390.3625
  320           230          440.3042         |   10703       -15*          391.1146*
  321           189          440.3792         |   10704       -15           388.4063
  322             5          440.4458         |   10768       -12           390.4042
  323            55          440.6181         |   10867       -15           389.1563
  324           156          440.6958         |   10868       -22           389.3278
  325            73          440.7806         |   10869       -14           390.3639
  326           175          441.1090         |   10914       -12           390.3625
  327            62          437.1646         |   10915       -12*          390.3625*
  328           166          437.0986         |   10916       -13           391.1132
  329           144          436.0424         |   10917       -15           389.3229
  330           128          435.5875         |   10918       -12           390.5292
  332           135          435.3785         |   10919       -16           389.1569
  380           228          435.2632         |   10993        -9*          389.3188*
  908            70          433.3424         |   10996        -9           389.3188
  909           157          433.4556         |   10998        -8           390.5264
  911           230          433.5160         |   7837         -9           389.1525
  912           234          433.6660         |   7838        -10           390.5278
  913           137          433.7347         |   8662         -9           390.1942
  914           229          434.0604         |   8663         -9           390.1942
 1119           248          434.5347         |   8670         -9           389.3192
 1120           244          435.1215         |   597         -10           391.2778
 1121           130          435.1917         |       
                                              |       
 SBE39                                        |   ADCP    
 0089           -52          437.3389         |   0135        -10*           -
 0107           -65          436.2382         |   0136         -9            36.0326
 0111           -60          437.0938         |   1136        -10*           -
 0112           -75          436.4583         |   1143         -             -
 0115           -71          437.2118         |     
_____________________________________________________________________________________________



TABLE 2.4.  Aanderaa RCM5, 8 and 9 sensor calibration dates. T=temperature, 
            P=pressure, DIR=direction, C=conductivity. For RCM9-597, a 
            turbidity sensor was included (calibration date Sep 2000).
            _____________________________________________________________
            
             Instrument             sensor calibration date
                            T          P          DIR          C
             ----------  --------  -----------  --------  -----------
             10282       Apr 1991  Feb 1998     Feb 1998  no C sensor
             10284       Apr 1991  Feb 1993     Apr 1991  no C sensor
             10311       Jul 1999  Feb 1998     Feb 1998  no C sensor
             10701       Apr 1992  Mar 1994     Apr 1992  no C sensor
             10702       Apr 1994  Jan 1996     Apr 1994  no C sensor
             10703       Apr 1992  no P sensor  Apr 1992  no C sensor
             10704       Apr 1992  no P sensor  Apr 1992  no C sensor
             10768       May 1992  no P sensor  May 1992  no C sensor
             10867       unknown   Feb 1998     Feb 1998  no C sensor
             10868       unknown   Feb 1998     Feb 1998  no C sensor
             10869       Oct 1992  Oct 1992     Oct 1992  no C sensor
             10914       Jul 1999  Jul 1999     Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10915       Jul 1999  Jul 1999     Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10916       Feb 1993  Jan 1996     Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10917       Feb 1993  no P sensor  Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10918       Feb 1993  Feb 1993     Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10919       Feb 1993  Feb 1993     Feb 1993  no C sensor
             10993       Sep 2000  Sep 2000     Sep 2000  no C sensor
             10996       Sep 2000  Sep 2000     Sep 2000  no C sensor
             10998       Feb 1993  Feb 1993     Feb 1993  no C sensor
              7837       Jun 1999  May 1998     Sep 1997  no C sensor
              7838       Jun 1999  May 1998     Sep 1997  no C sensor
              8662       Jul 1999  Jul 1999     Feb 1998  no calibration
              8663       Jul 1999  Jul 1999     Feb 1998  no calibration
              8670       May 1988  no P sensor  May 1988  May 1988
               597       Sep 2000  Sep 2000     Sep 2000  Sep 2000
            _____________________________________________________________
            
            
(c) The program "adcptimeamisor" was run to remove out of water data at the 
    start and end, check for and fill data gaps, and pad the files to start 
    at the first record on 1st February 2001.
(d) The program "adcpcalamisor" was run to convert data to engineering 
    units, apply data quality control, and apply the local magnetic 
    declination correction (Table 2.2).  The following quality controls 
    were applied to the direction, speed and velocity component data:
    • If PG4 < 80% (where PG4 is the percent good of 4 beam solutions used in 
      making the ensemble), flag bin as bad.
    • If average beam correlation < 70, flag bin as bad.
    • Flag bins 35 to 40 of each ensemble as bad due to side lobe 
      contamination.
    • If orientation flag = 0, flag the entire ensemble as bad.
    The bins and ensembles flagged as bad were converted to null data (NaN) 
    in the matlab files.
(e) Lastly, the program "adcpstretchamisor" was run to correct decimal 
    times for clock drift, applying the correction linearly throughout the 
    record.  Data were NOT reinterpolated onto regular time intervals after 
    this correction.

Note that in the final matlab files, rows 1 to 40 in the matrices and 
vectors correspond to vertical bins 40 to 1 (noting that vertical bin 1 is 
the deepest bin for an upward looking ADCP).


2.3.  DATA QUALITY AND FURTHER DATA PROCESSING

Microcat and SBE39 temperature and salinity data are plotted in Figures 
2.5a to n.  Aanderaa current meter velocity vectors are plotted in Figures 
2.6a to h, including moored ADCP velocity vectors from bin 2.  This section 
outlines data quality from the instruments.  Table 2.6 provides a summary 
of cautions to data quality.

2.3.1.  Microcat and SBE39 data

Data comparisons were made between the different instruments on each 
mooring, and between the moored instruments and CTD data from cruises 
au0106 and au0207 (Table 2.5).  In general, most of the microcat data are 
consistent with CTD measurements.  For the 3 microcats serials 318, 322 and 
323, the temperature sensor failed during the deployment.  Conductivity 
sensor measurements were okay for these instruments, however the 
conductivity data could not be converted to engineering values without 
temperature data. 

For the microcat conductivity/salinity data in general, the largest spikes 
which are obviously bad data have been removed.  Numerous smaller salinity 
spikes occur which have not been removed, falling into 2 categories: 
smaller spikes possibly due to fouling; and during times of increased 
temperature and salinity variability, spiking most likely due to 
insufficient flushing of the conductivity cell resulting in mismatch of 
temperature and conductivity data.  It may be possible to use temperature-
salinity plots to confirm the plausibility of outlying data points, however 
no attempt has been made here to quality control these numerous periods of 
spiking. 

The following suspect microcat data were removed from the files (for the 
parameters, T=temperature, C=conductivity, S=salinity):

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 microcat  parameter  data point numbers          comments
 --------  ---------  --------------------------  --------------------------------------
   315       C,S      9001-9002                   spiking
   315       C,S      8113-48159                  offset possibly due to fouling
   317       C,S      32221-32323                 offset possibly due to fouling
   318       T,C,S    18994-111239                T sensor failed
   319       C,S      105187                      spiking
   320       C,S      4515-4519                   transient error at start of deployment
   320       C,S      20831                       spiking
   320       C,S      102011-102760               offset possibly due to fouling
   321       C,S      4515-4619                   transient error at start of deployment
   322       T,C,S    whole record                T sensor failed
   323       T,C,S    whole record                T sensor failed
   324       C,S      12658-19961                 offset possibly due to fouling
   326       C,S      22606-22615                 spiking
   326       C,S      53297-53314                 offset possibly due to fouling
   328       C,S      4765-14976                  C data ramping up for first few weeks
   332       C,S      29204                       spiking
   380       C,S      57322; 57323; 57326         spiking
   908       C,S      101459-101460               spiking
   909       C,S      52633-52634; 107144-107150  spiking
   911       C,S      43503-43524; 43535-43536;
                      43538; 43546-43548          spiking
   912       C,S      17670-17676                 spiking
   914       C,S      100668-100669               spiking
  1120       C,S      18917; 19640                spiking
_________________________________________________________________________________________


The following suspect microcat data were not removed from the files:

MICROCAT  PARAMETER  DATA POINT NUMBERS
  332       C,S         15676-15680

For the SBE39 measurements, temperature data from sbe39-111 and sbe39-115 
appear to be ~0.005°C lower than microcat and CTD data.  This same 
difference was found for SBE39 data from the earlier Mertz Polynya 
deployments (Rosenberg et al., 2001).  The remaining 3 SBE39's, serials 
089, 107 and 112, were at shallower depths (Table 2.2) where temperatures 
were more variable: the existence of a similar temperature difference for 
these 3 instruments could not be determined, although note that the same 
difference value was found for these instruments on the Mertz Polynya 
deployments. 


TABLE 2.5.  CTD stations suitable for comparison with mooring microcat 
            data.
            _______________________________________________________
            
             mooring      CTD   nearest CTD   distance between CTD
                        cruise    station     station and mooring
                                                (nautical miles)
             -------  --------  ------------  --------------------
               1        au0106  91 (lap2.3)           1.40
               1        au0106  45 (lap1.3)           0.45
               1        au0207  51 (lap3.3)           1.44
               2        au0106  88 (lap2.6)           1.19
               2        au0106  48 (lap1.6)           0.33
               2        au0207  48 (lap3.6)           1.38
               3        au0106  84 (lap2.10)          1.20
               3        au0106  52 (lap1.10)          0.17
               3        au0207  31 (lap2.10)          1.50
               4        au0106  79 (lap2.15)          1.90
               4        au0106  58 (lap1.15)          0.48
               4        au0207  26 (lap2.15)          1.06
               5        au0106  76 (lap2.18)          1.70
               5        au0106  61 (lap1.18)          0.32
               5        au0207  23 (lap2.18)          1.38
               5        au0207   9 (lap1.18)          1.49
               6        au0106  73 (lap2.21)          1.52
               6        au0106  64 (lap1.21)          0.52
               6        au0207  20 (lap2.21)          1.18
               6        au0207   6 (lap1.21)          1.50
               7        au0106  71 (lap2.23)          1.40
               7        au0106  66 (lap1.23)          1.33
               7        au0207  18 (lap2.23)          1.25
               7        au0207   4 (lap1.23)          0.79
            _______________________________________________________
            
            
2.3.2.  Aanderaa RCM data

Most of the RCM current data appears to be good.  The temperature data from 
the RCM's should not be used, as sensor calibrations are often very old 
(Table 2.4), and data are not as accurate as data from the adjacent 
microcats and SBE39's.  Pressure data from the RCM's are often incorrect, 
and in general they should not be used quantitatively.  Pressure records 
can however be useful for qualitative assessment of changes in mooring tilt 
throughout the deployment.  In particular, pressure data from RCM5-8663 
shows the exact time mooring AMISOR9 was dragged by an iceberg (Figure 
2.8).  Dragging appears to have commenced after 0030 on 07/05/2001 UTC, and 
ended before 0530 on 07/05/2001 UTC.

For 3 of the RCM's, serials 10868, 10914 and 8670, there is a small range 
of compass directions which do not occur (Figure 2.9), due to a hardware 
problem with the compass.  Data records where this occurs do have direction 
values assigned, however the inaccuracy will be according to the width of 
this "shadow" in direction values (Figure 2.9).

The following suspect RCM data were removed from the files (for the 
parameters SPD=current speed and direction, T=temperature, P=pressure, 
C=conductivity):

_________________________________________________________________________

 RCM    parameter  data point numbers  comments
 -----  ---------  ------------------  ---------------------------------
 10282  T          whole record        bad data
 10282  SPD,P      4849-end            good data ends on 22/08/2001
 10311  T          whole record        bad data
 10311  SPD,P      5161-end            good data ends on 04/09/2001
 10702  SPD,T,P    8883-end            good data ends on 06/02/2002
 10703  SPD,T      5125-end            good data ends on 02/09/2001
 10768  SPD,T      8667-end            good data ends on 28/01/2002
 10915  SPD,T,P    5746-end            good data ends on 28/09/2001
 10993  SPD,T,P    5576-end            good data ends on 21/09/2001
 10998  SPD        7949-end            speed data goes bad on 29/12/2001
 7837   T          whole record        bad data
_________________________________________________________________________



The following suspect RCM data were not removed from the files:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 RCM    parameter  data point numbers  comments
 -----  ---------  ------------------  -------------------------------------------------------
 10867  P          most of record      starts at plausible value then drifting to lower values
 10868  P          most of record      starts at plausible value then drifting to lower values
 10869  P          whole record        drifting to lower values
 7837   P          whole record        too low by ~80 dbar
 8662   P          whole record        too high by ~200 dbar
 8662   C          whole record        calibration unreliable
 8663   C          whole record        drifting values
 8670   C          whole record        calibration unreliable
_______________________________________________________________________________________________


2.3.3.  Moored ADCP data

Moored ADCP current speed and direction values were compared with adjacent 
Aanderaa RCM current speed and direction - reasonably good correspondence 
was found, with the currents in phase (no figures are presented).  A 
comparison was also made between moored ADCP data and ship-based ADCP data, 
from both marine science cruises (Figure 2.7a to c).  Although mooring and 
ship-based measurements exactly coincident in space and time were not 
available, the measurements were close enough to assess compatibility.  
Current magnitude, direction and profile shape are in general agreement 
between the two data sources for cruise au0106.  There is more variability 
for cruise au0207, due in part to the increased variability of the ship-
based ADCP measurements, in particular for the measurements near mooring 
AMISOR4 (Figure 2.7a).


TABLE 2.6.  Summary of cautions to mooring intrument data quality.  For 
            parameters, T=temperature, C=conductivity, S=salinity,
            P=pressure.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 instrument            mooring      parameters  caution
 --------------------  -----------  ----------  --------------------------------------------
 microcat-321          2            C,S         optimum flushing of C cell may have been  
                                                impeded: initial inspection of data reveals
                                                no problems
 microcat-326          3            C,S         data points 53297-53314 are suspect
 microcat-332          5            C,S         data points 15676-15680 are suspect
 all microcats         all          C,S         periods of increased T and S variability may
                                                include implausible salinity values as small
                                                spikes

 sbe39-111 & 115       6 & 7        T           appear to be ~0.005°C low 
 sbe39-089,107 & 112   3,4 & 5      T           no direct evidence for values being too
                                                low, but treat data with caution when
                                                considering accuracies better than 0.005°C
 RCM8-10282,10993, 
  10311,10915 & 10703  1,2,3,4 & 6  time        clock drift estimated
 all RCM's             all          T, P        use T data from adjacent microcats/SBE39's;
                                                use P data qualitatively only
 RCM5-8670 & 8662      8 & 3        C           unreliable conductivity calibrations
 RCM5-8663             9            C           drifting values

 ADCP-1136 & 0135      5 & 6        time        clock drift estimated - time only accurate 
                                                to ~ 5 minutes
_____________________________________________________________________________________________



APPENDIX 2.1.  MOORING DATA FILE FORMATS

For all instruments, the following definitions apply for matlab vectors 
(where xxx=instrument, e.g. cat318, rcm10915, d0136):

xxx_dectime  = decimal time (decimal days from midnight on December 31st 
               2000; so, e.g.,midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; 
               midday on January 1st 2002 = 365.5)
xxx_cond     = conductivity (mS/cm)
xxx_sal      = salinity (PSS78)
xxx_temp     = temperature (°C, ITS90)

xxx_press    = pressure (dbar)
xxx_spd      = current speed (cm/s)
xxx_dir      = current direction (o true, towards which the current is 
               flowing)
xxx_u        = E/W current component (cm/s, +ve towards the east)
xxx_v        = N/S current component (cm/s, +ve towards the north)

Note that the above decimal time convention applies to the whole AMISOR 
data set, including ship-based CTD and ADCP data, mooring data, and 
borehole CTD and microcat data.

For the moored ADCP matlab files, the following additional definitions apply:

xxx_ampy (for y=1-4)   = echo amplitude (counts) of beams 1, 2, 3 and 4
xxx_avbeamcor          = average beam correlation (counts)
xxx_bindep             = depth (m) (from surface) to centre of each 
                         vertical 
                         bin
xxx_ensemble           = ensemble number
xxx_errv               = RMS error velocity (cm/s)
xxx_heading            = instrument heading (° true) - not to be confused 
                         with current direction
xxx_orien              = instrument orientation flag
xxx_pcntgd4            = average percentage of good 4 beam solutions used 
                         in making the bin
xxx_pitch              = pitch (°) of instrument
xxx_roll               = roll (°) of instrument
xxx_w                  = vertical velocity (cm/s, +ve upwards)

Note that for moored ADCP data:
  • rows 1 to 40 in matlab matrices and vectors correspond to vertical bins 
    40 to 1 (i.e. row 40 = bin 1, the deepest bin for an upward looking 
    ADCP);
  • all currents are in earth co-ordinates (i.e. absolute current values).

For mooring header information matlab files, the following definitions 
apply (where mmm=mooring number, e.g. amisor7; xxx defined as above):

xxx_d     = instrument depth (m)
xxx_p     = instrument pressure (dbar)
mmm_botd  = bottom depth (m) at mooring site
mmm_lat   = latitude of mooring site (decimal degrees, -ve = south)
mmm_lon   = longitude of mooring site (decimal degrees, +ve = east)


REFERENCES

Cowley, R., 2001. A practical manual for the determination of salinity, 
    dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine 
    Research report, 2001. 
Cowley, R. and Johnston, N., 1999. Investigations into the chemistry used 
    for orthophosphate analysis in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine 
    Research report, July 1999. 
Eriksen, R., 1997. A practical manual for the determination of salinity, 
    dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in seawater. Antarctic CRC Research 
    Report No. 11, January 1997, 83 pp.
Rosenberg, M., Eriksen, R., Bell, S., Bindoff, N. and Rintoul, S., 1995. 
    Aurora Australis marine science cruise AU9407 - oceanographic field 
    measurements and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, 
    Research Report No. 6, July 1995. 97 pp.
Rosenberg, M., unpublished. Aurora Australis ADCP data status. Antarctic 
    Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report, November 1999. 51 pp.
Rosenberg, M., Bindoff, N., Bray, S., Curran, C., Helmond, I., Miller, K., 
    McLaughlan, D. and Richman, J., 2001. Mertz Polynya Experiment, marine 
    science cruises AU9807, AU9801, AU9905, AU9901 and TA0051 - 
    oceanographic field measurements and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative 
    Research Centre, Research Report No. 25, June 2001. 89 pp.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to all scientific personnel who participated in the cruises, and to 
the crew of the RSV Aurora Australis.  Special thanks also to the Amery Ice 
Shelf drilling team, for successful work in difficult conditions.  The work 
was supported by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, the Australian 
Antarctic Division (ASAC Project 1058), the Department of Environment, 
Sports and Territories through the CSIRO Climate Change Research Program, 
and the National Science Foundation (USA).






CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES
             
Date        Contact     Data Type    Action
----------  ----------  -----------  -------------------------------------------
2007-02-28  Rosenberg   CTD/BTL/SUM  Submitted
            Detailed Notes
            Have just "uploaded" 5 Southern Ocean Aurora Australis cruises to 
            your website. Had prepared them all a couple of years ago for 
            Danie, but never actually sent them....well, gave me a chance to 
            formalize one of the data reports.  In case there's any probs, I've 
            also put them on our public ftp site 
              09AR0103_woce.zip (SR3 i.e. P12)
              09AR0106_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 1, no WOCE ID)
              09AR0207_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 2, no WOCE ID)
              09AR0304_woce.zip (includes a transect close to I08S)
              09AR0403_woce.zip (I09S, plus repeat of transect close to I08S)
            • For the last of these, 09AR0403, CFC data were measured but are 
              not yet available (should have included that in the notes I 
              entered to your website).
            • Carbon data (DIC, alkalinities etc.) are available for some of 
              these cruises - will get them to you at a later date.
            File: 09AR0106_woce.zip Type: zipped CTD/bottle data Status: Public
            Name: Rosenberg, Mark
            Institute: ACE CRC
            Country: Australia
            Expo:09AR0106
            Date: 01/2001
            Action:Place Data Online
            Notes:
            • First cruise of Amery Ice Shelf Experiment
            • WOCE format files
            • pdf files includes data quality information

09AR20010101 
2007-07-23  Bartolocci  CTD/BOT/SUM  Data files reformatted, online
            Detailed Notes
            20070803 DBK At most recent CCHDO lab meeting it was decided that 
            the mnemonic for Amery Ice Shelf cruises should consist of the 
            acronymn AIS plus two digit bytes to account for different 
            geographic regions of the Shelf. Therefore the line name for Amery 
            Ice Shelf Cruises will be:
            AISXX. This cruise will be labeled AIS01.
            All occurances in all files have been changed as well as all file 
            names.
            Reformatting notes for amry1_09AR20010101 sent by M. Rosenburg on
            2007.02.28:SUM:
            • changed expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101
            • added line number amry1 to WOCE ID column (this was because the 
              field would have been too long for wocecvt to format check WOCE 
              format manual states WOCE ID column in sumfile is only 5 char. 
              long).
            • added name/date stamp
            • ran sumchk with no errors.
            BOT:
            • changed expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101
            • added line number amry1 to WOCE ID column
            • added name/date stamp.
            • format checked with wocecvt with no errors.
            • converted to .csv and .nc with no errors.
            CTD:
            • Removed leading zero in front of STNNBR.
            • chnged expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101.
            • added line number amry1 to WOCE-ID
            • format check with wctcvt with no errors.
            • converted to .csv and .nc with no errors.
            • renamed file names to conform with post-woce conventions.
              added all files to the web.

09AR20020126 
2007-08-08  Bartolocci  CTD/BTL/SUM  Exchange & NetCDF files online
            Detailed Notes
            20070803 DBK At most recent CCHDO lab meeting it was decided that 
            the mnemonic for Amery Ice Shelf cruises should consist of the 
            acronymn AIS plus two digit bytes to account for different 
            geographic regions of the Shelf. Therefore the line name for Amery 
            Ice Shelf Cruises will be:  AISXX. This cruise will be labeled 
            AIS01.

            All occurances in all files have been changed as well as all file 
            names.
            20070716 DBK
            Reformatting notes for amry1_09AR20020126 Amery Ice Shelf cruise 
            sent by Mark Rsoenburg on 20070228.
            SUM:
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126
            • Added WOCE SECT of AMRY1 to blank column.
            • Added name/date stamp.
            • ran sumchk with no errors.
            BOT:
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126
            • Added AMRY1 to WOCE-ID
            • Added name/date stamp.
            • ran wocecvt with no errors.
            • converted to exchange and netcdf with no errors.
            CTD:
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126
            • Added AMRY1 to WOCE-ID.
            • removed leading zero from STNNBR.
            • ran wctcvt with no errors.
            • converted to exchange and netcdf with no errors. 

