A.    Cruise Narrative:  A Transpacific Section Along 24 N (P03)



A.1.  Highlights

WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation                P03
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)       31TTTPS24_1
Chief Scientists and their affiliation  James H. Swift/SIO, Melinda M Hall/WHOI
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)       31TTTPS24_2
Chief Scientists and their affiliation  Dean H Roemmich/SIO, Harry L Bryden/WHOI
Dates                                   1985.03.30 - 1985.06.03
Ship                                    R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Ports of call                           San Diego, Midway, Yokohama
Number of stations                      216
                                                     32° 39.8' N
Geographic boundaries of the stations   124° 59.3' E             117° 19.8' W
                                                     22° 44.8' N
Floats and drifters deployed            none
Moorings deployed or recovered          none
Contributing Authors                    James H. Swift, Norma L. Mantyla, 
                                        John R. Osborne, Peter K. Salameh, ODF

WHP Cruise and Data Information

Cruise Summary Information              Hydrographic Measurements
Description of scientific program         CTD - general
                                          CTD - pressure
Geographic boundaries of the survey       CTD - temperature
Cruise track (figure)                     CTD - conductivity/salinity
Description of stations                   CTD - dissolved oxygen
Description of parameters sampled
                                          Salinity
                                          Oxygen
                                          Nutrients
                                          CFCs
Principal Investigators for               Tritium
  all measurements                
Cruise Participants                     Acknowledgments
Problems and goals not achieved           
Other incidents of note                 References
                                        
                                        DQE Reports
                                          CFCs

                                        Data Status Notes




N.B.  The following paragraphs are condensed from Scripps Technical Report 
      SIO-90-36 entitled:

                    A Transpacific Section Along 24 N
                                 (TPS24)
                 Physical, Chemical, and CTD Data Report
                      30 March 1985 - 3 June 1985
                        RV Thomas Thompson TT 188
                              Legs 1 and 2


1  Introduction 

A nearly zonal CTD/hydrographic section across the subtropical North Pacific was 
occupied by the R/V Thomas Thompson from March 30 to April 30, 1985, and May 4 
to June 3, 1985 on cruise TT 188, Legs 1 and 2. The cruise track was primarily 
along 24 15'N except over the Hawaiian Ridge and at the continental boundaries, 
where effort was made to cross isobaths perpendicularly. The section began off 
San Diego, at about 33 N, and angled southwest to 24 15'N. At the completion of 
the main Pacific crossing near 28 N, 125 E, in the East China Sea, a short 
section of 10 stations was occupied across the Tokara Strait in order to examine 
the Kuroshio as it issued from the East China Sea. 

The expedition occupied 216 high quality, full water-column CTD/hydrographic 
stations. Additional components of the physical oceanographic program were 
continuous acoustic Doppler current profiling (T. Joyce, WHOI), and expendable 
current profilers (XCPs; P. Niiler, SIO). 

Each station consisted of a CTD lowering with a rosette carrying 36 10-liter 
Niskin bottles. Water samples were collected on the up-cast. Salinity, oxygen 
and nutrient analyses were performed at sea by the Oceanographic Data Facility 
at SIO (at that time called the Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Data 
Facility). Initial CTD processing was accomplished at sea by ODF. In addition to 
this standard suite of measurements water samples from the same casts were made 
available for analyses by other investigators. The chlorofluorocarbons (freons) 
F-11 and F-12 were analyzed at sea by R. Weiss' group from SIO; their results 
are included in this data report and will also be available in a separate data 
report from R. Weiss. Samples for tritium analyses were collected for processing 
by the tritium laboratory of the University of Miami (G. Ostlund and R. Fine); 
partial results are included in this data report. A separate, complete tritium 
data listing is available from G. Ostlund. Chlorophyll-a and phaeopigment 
measurements were made by E. Venrick's group at SIO. High- performance liquid 
chromatography pigment measurements were made by R. Bidigare's group at Texas 
A&M University; results are available in a separate data report (Bidigare, et 
at., 1987). Samples were collected for helium-3, total carbon, manganese, 
plutonium and rare earth elements for analyses by other investigators. In 
addition to the basic CTD/hydrographic stations included in this report, 
approximately one shallow bottle cast was made per day for primary productivity 
measurements by E. Venrick's group at SIO. 


2.  Discrete Data - Methods 

2.1.  Temperature and Salinity 

Pressure and temperature for the discrete hydrography tabulations were taken 
from the calibrated CTD data; calibrations are discussed in Section 3. Reversing 
thermometers were mounted on 4 to 5 Niskin bottles on each cast. They were used 
to verify rosette trip sequence and to monitor the CTD temperature calibration 
for shifts. No such shifts were observed within the resolution of the 
measurements. The pre- and post-cruise CTD laboratory calibrations agreed with 
this, suggesting there was at most a 0.001 C shift in temperature calibration 
from the beginning to the end of the cruise. Depths were calculated from 
corrected CTD pressures (Saunders, 1981). 

Salinity samples were analyzed at sea using one of two Guildline Autosal 
inductive salinometers located in a tightly temperature controlled van (+/-0.5 
C). All salinities were calculated from conductivity using the 1978 practical 
salinity scale (UNESCO, 1981a) and are tabulated to three decimal places. Fresh 
IAPSO Standard Seawater vials from Wormley batch P96 were used for calibration 
at the beginning and end of each station's analyses; hydrography and CTD 
salinities are reported herein relative to P96 and have not been adjusted 
further. Mantyla (1987) reported differences between various other batches of 
standard seawater and P96. Precision of the bottle salinities is +/-0.002 psu. 

Bottle salinities were compared with CTD salinities to identify leaking bottles 
or salinometer malfunctions. Calibrated CTD salinities replace bottle salinities 
in the event of problems and are indicated by the letter ODD in this data 
report. The spread in deep bottle salinities is approximately +/-0.001 psu. 

2.2.  Oxygen and Nutrients 

Dissolved oxygen content was determined at sea by the Winkler method as modified 
by Carpenter (1965), using the equipment and procedures outlined by Anderson 
(1971). Oxygen measurements are given in ml STP per liter of water at 1 
atmosphere and at the potential temperature of the sample. A small number of 
oxygen outliers were discarded. The precision of the oxygen measurements within 
a single cast is 0.01 ml/l and the accuracy is 1%. 

Silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite were analyzed at sea using a Technicon 
AutoAnalyzer installed in an analytic van with a tight tolerance continuous flow 
air conditioning system which maintained a laboratory temperature steady within 
+/-0.5 C. The procedures are similar to those described in Atlas et al. (1971). 
Nutrient measurements are reported here in micromoles/liter at 1 atmosphere and 
25 C, which is assumed to be the laboratory temperature. The precision of 
nutrient measurements (within a single cast) is better than 0.5% and the 
station-to-station, cruise-to-cruise accuracy is 2% to 3%. 

Silicate data from stations 199-237 appearing in TPS-24 data releases issued 
prior to this report are low by 2.8%. The two silicate standards compared for 
these stations differed by this amount, and subsequent data mapping by L. Talley 
(SIO) showed that the standard originally chosen as correct was the defective 
one. 

2.3.  Chlorofluorocarbons 

Concentrations of the dissolved atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) F-11 
(trichlorofluoromethane) and F-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) were measured by 
shipboard electron-capture gas chromatography, according to the methods 
described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). The results have been corrected for 
sampling and analysis blanks, the statistical variations of which are 
responsible for occasional negative values near the detection limit. Sampling 
blanks generally decrease at the beginning of an expedition, as the equipment 
becomes cleaner with use. The following median F-11 and F-12 sampling blanks in 
picomoles per kilogram, as determined from analyses of deep waters which we 
believe to be CFC-free, were subtracted from all dissolved CFC measurements in 
the listed station intervals: 

                         Station    F-11    F-12
                        -------------------------
                          1 - 106  0.0176  0.0050
                        108 - 195  0.0133  0.0050
                        199 - 408  0.0090  0.0106

We attribute the higher-than-usual F-11 sampling blanks during this expedition 
to the use of silicone spray on the water sampling bottles and rosette. 
Silicones are extremely persistent and are known to absorb very large amounts of 
F-11. In addition, higher than normal F-12 levels in the ship's air due to 
refrigeration leaks, resulted in the higher F-12 sampling blanks during leg 2 of 
the expedition. 

It is important to emphasize that the data have been edited to remove serious 
flyers and contaminated samples, and to correct gross numerical errors. However, 
the data have not yet been subjected to the level of scrutiny associated with 
careful interpretive work. Readers are therefore requested to contact R. Weiss' 
group at SIO for any revisions in the data which may post-date this report, and 
to draw to their attention any suspected inconsistencies. The results are 
reported on the SIO 1986 calibration scale. The precision (+/- one s.d.) of the 
measurements, as determined from replicate analyses, is about 1% or about 0.005 
pmol/kg, whichever is greater, for both CFCs, except where the sampling blanks 
are significantly higher than 0.005 pmol/kg, in which case the low-level CFC 
measurements have an error of about 0.01 pmol/kg (see table above). The 
estimated accuracy of the calibrations is about 1.3% for F-11 and 0.5% for F-12, 
Individual replicated analyses are listed in a separate table, and their mean 
values are reported in the main bottle data listings, annotated with an R. 

The following single-character footnotes appear the CFC data listings:

                  R = mean of replicate measurements
                  M = manual peak integration
                  I = irregular digital integration

2.4.  Tritium 

Tritium was measured by electrolytic enrichment and low level gas counting, 
according to Ostlund and Dorsey (1977). The listed tritium values are the 
measured tritium ratios (T/H x E-18). To obtain tritium data to match other 
tritium data reported as "TU81N", multiply the values reported here by the 
factor 1.316. Thus multiplied, the resulting TU81N values are then reported in 
the "new NBS scale" based on the NBS standard #4926 as on 1961/09/03, with the 
new half-life of 12.43 years, i.e., a decay rate of 5.576% per year, age 
corrected back to the reference data of 1981/01/01. All TU81N data are directly 
comparable without further age correction. Negative TU values are reported as 
such for the benefit of allowing the user unbiased statistical treatment of sets 
of the data. For other applications, 0.0 TU should be used. The errors are 
mostly 3.5% or 0.05, whichever is larger. 


3.  CTD Data 

3.1.  Processing Summary 

216 CTD casts were completed using a 36-bottle rosette sampling system. ODF CTD 
#1 (a modified NBIS Mark lil) was employed exclusively for all CTD casts. The 
CTD data were initially processed into a filtered, 1-second average time- series 
during data acquisition. The pressure and PRT temperature channels were 
corrected using laboratory calibrations. The conductivity channel was calibrated 
to salinity check samples acquired on each cast. The CTD time-series data were 
then pressure-sequenced into two decibar pressure intervals. 

3.2.  CTD Laboratory Calibrations 

3.2.1.  Pressure Transducer Calibration 

The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled bath to 
the ODF Ashcroft (pre-cruise) and Ruska (post-cruise) deadweight-tester pressure 
standards. Thermal response-time, thermal hysteresis and mechanical hysteresis 
were measured. The mechanical hysteresis loading curves were measured at 0 and 
23 C and at maximum loadings of 1480 and 8830 PSI. The transducer thermal 
response-time was derived from the pressure response to a thermal step-change 
from 23 to 0 C. 

3.2.2.  PRT Temperature Calibration 

The CTD PRT temperature transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled 
bath to a Leeds and Northrup PRT temperature standard (pre-cruise) and to an 
NBIS ATB temperature standard PRT (post-cruise). Calibration temperatures of 0, 
5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 C (pre-cruise) and 0, 4, 7, 12, 19 and 23 C (post- cruise) 
were measured. 

3.3.  CTD DATA PROCESSING 

3.3.1.  CTD Data Acquisition 

Seven channels (pressure, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, elapsed 
time, altimeter and voltage) were acquired at a data rate of 31.25 FPS. The FSK 
CTD signal was demodulated by an ODF-designed deck unit and output to an IEEE-
488 bus interface. An IBM CS-9000 served as the real-time data acquisition 
processor. 

Data acquisition consisted of storing all raw binary data on hard disk (and 
later on nine-track magnetic tape) and generating a corrected and filtered one-
second average time-series. Data calculated from this time series were reported 
and plotted during the cast. A ten-second average of the time-series data was 
calculated for each water sample collected during the data acquisition. 

Generating the one-second time-series involved applying single-frame absolute 
value and gradient filters, then performing a two-pass standard-deviation test 
to all channels, rejecting points exceeding 4 standard deviations from the mean 
on the first pass, then repeating the rejection using 2 standard deviations as 
the criterion. The pre-cruise laboratory calibration data were applied to 
pressure and temperature. Pressure and conductivity were lagged to match the 
thermal response of the PRT temperature transducer. The conductivity channel was 
corrected for thermal and pressure effects. 

3.3.2.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen Data 

The dissolved oxygen channel was not processed beyond averaging the raw oxygen 
current. Raw CTD oxygen data were continuously examined for signal quality. 

3.3.3.  Pressure, Temperature, and Conductivity Corrections 

A maximum of 36 salinity check samples and 6 thermometric pressure and 
temperature measurements were collected on each cast. A ten-second average of 
the CTD time-series was calculated for each water sample. Differences between 
bottle and CTD data were then used to verify the pre- and post-cruise pressure 
and temperature calibrations and to derive CTD conductivity calibrations. 

3.3.3.1.  CTD Pressure Corrections 

A modification to the pre-cruise pressure calibration was determined from the 
post-cruise calibration and applied to the CTD data. The shipboard processing 
pressures differ from the revised calibrated pressures by up to 2 decibars in 
deeper water and up to 6 decibars in the thermocline areas as a result of the 
new pressure model. No significant drift was apparent in comparisons between CTD 
and thermometric pressures. 

3.3.3.2.  CTD Temperature Corrections 

No significant drift was apparent in comparisons between CTD and thermometric 
temperatures over the time scale of the cruise, nor was a systematic difference 
between CTD and thermometric temperatures evident. 

3.3.3.3.  CTD Conductivity Corrections 

Check sample conductivities were calculated from the sample salinities and from 
CTD pressures and temperatures. The differences between sample and CTD 
conductivities were fit to CTD conductivity using a linear least-squares fit. 
Values greater than two standard deviations from the fit were rejected. The 
resulting conductivity correction slopes for each cast were fit to station 
number, giving a continuous smoothed conductivity slope correction as a function 
of station number. Conductivity correction slopes were then derived from this 
smoothed fit. 

Conductivity differences were calculated for each cast after applying the 
conductivity slope correction. These differences were fit to station number, 
giving a continuous conductivity offset correction as a function of station 
number. Conductivity correction offsets were then generated for each cast. The 
offsets were manually fine-tuned to account for discontinuous shifts in the 
conductivity transducer response and to insure a consistent-deep T-S 
relationship from station to station. Approximately 11% of the casts were 
manually adjusted from 0.001 to 0.004 psu. Conductivity offset corrections for 
shallow casts were determined from adjacent deep casts. 

3.3.4.  Additional Processing 

A spike filter was employed to remove large pressure, temperature and 
conductivity spikes from the time-series data. The down-cast portion of each 
time-series was then pressure-sequenced into 2 decibar pressure intervals. A 
"ship-roll" filter was applied to disallow pressure reversals. 

3.4.  General Comments/Problems 

There were 228 CTD rosette casts. 12 were aborted and were neither processed nor 
included in the report. One pressure-sequenced CTD data set exists for each CTD 
station. All data was simultaneously recorded on audio cassette tape. Due to 
deck-unit malfunction, stations 1, 2, 38, 69, 110, 221, 235 and 394 were 
redigitized from the audio tape following the cruise, with no degradation of 
quality. 

Up-cast thermocline data were typically noisier than the corresponding downcast 
data, possibly due to the positioning of the CTD near the bottom of the large 
rosette package. Four up-casts were used as final data instead of down-casts 
because of conductivity offsets or other instrument-related problems on the 
down-casts. The up-casts are: 36, 58, 134 and 217. 

Because ship-roll effects cause more severe thermocline density inversions on 
the up-casts, some down-casts were included despite deep ca. 0.002 psu salinity 
offsets, apparently caused by an intermittent CTD malfunction. The following 
casts are affected: 84, 106, 221 and 245. 

Intermittent single-level gaps in the data are due to the removal of ship-roll 
effects and filtering. Seven stations had a significantly larger percentage of 
single-level data gaps than the rest of the stations (more than two percent 
versus less than 0.2 percent gaps). The weather log for stations 74 through 79, 
100 through 134, 157 through 177, 275 through 285, 343 through 355, and 386 
through the end of the cruise indicates that the majority of these casts 
occurred in 20+ knot winds and/or 8 to 10 foot waves, both much larger than 
recorded for the other casts. Multi-level data gaps where data were not recorded 
occurred at stations 26, 28, 38, 69, 132, 173, 203, 221, 231, 235 and 237. 

The deep T-S relationship was examined for calibration problems and consistency. 
Instrument problems have been corrected where possible and otherwise documented. 

Remaining density inversions in high-gradient regions cannot be accounted for by 
a mismatch of pressure, temperature, and conductivity sensor response. Detailed 
examination of the raw data shows significant mixing occurring as a consequence 
of ship roll. The ship-roll filter, applied to most casts to disallow pressure 
reversals, resulted in a reduction in the amount and/or size of density 
inversions in the upper 500 meters of the water column. 

A "Missing and Doubtful Data" tabulation for the TPS-24 expedition is held by 
the Scripps Oceanographic Data Facility. Copies were furnished to D. Roemmich 
and J. Swift. The file tracks each problem and notes the action taken, if any. 
Because the tabulation frequently refers to ODF internal files, procedures, and 
formats, it is not of sufficient general utility to be included in this report. 
However, any or all of this information will be provided on request. 


4.  Data Tables 

CTD and bottle data are listed together for each station. CTD data are reported 
at selected standard intervals chosen from the processed 2 decibar pressure 
series and smoothed over 10 decibars using a Gaussian filter. Salinity was 
calculated as described above. Potential temperature referenced to 0 decibars 
and potential densities referenced to 0, 2000 and 4000 decibars are calculated 
from EOS80 (UNESCO, 1 981 b) and listed, along with specific volume anomaly 
(SVA). Dynamic height in dynamic meters was calculated by integrating from the 
sea surface. If there was a missing temperature and/or salinity at the sea-
surface, values at the surface were linearly extrapolated from those below. 
Brunt- Vaisala frequency, N. was calculated from the slope of a least squares 
fit of a straight line to specific volume anomaly over 60 decibars centered at 
the desired pressure; Gaussian weighting was used in the fit. Because of the 
large interval over which N^2 was computed, no values were calculated at 
pressures less than 30 decibars. The large interval was necessary to reduce 
noise in the calculation; nevertheless, occasional negative N^2 values were 
obtained in the deep water. Negative values have been replaced by blanks in this 
report. Negative values occurred primarily when the absolute value of N^2 was 
less than 0.005 (cph)2, corresponding to expected uncertainties in density of 
order 10-7 over 60 decibars. 

Discrete data are reported at all observed depths. Oxygen is reported in ml STP 
per liter at the potential temperature of the sample and nutrients are reported 
in micromoles per liter at 25 C. Oxygen percent saturations were calculated from 
the equations of Weiss (1970). Potential temperature and potential density were 
calculated as for CTD data. CFC data were provided by Weiss. Tritium data were 
provided by Ostlund (1987). 


5.  Station Plots 

Potential temperature, salinity, and sigma theta versus pressure for the upper 
1500 db and potential temperature versus salinity for all cast data are plotted 
from the 2 decibar CTD series for all stations. The same scale factors have been 
used throughout to facilitate comparisons. 

4.  Acknowledgements 

We are grateful to Fred Crowe of the S.I.O. Publications and Illustration 
Facility for designing the covers and overseeing all aspects of publication. The 
acquisition and publication of this data set would not have been possible 
without the continuing support, advice, and encouragement from our program 
managers at the National Science Foundation. The work was funded under NSF 
Grants OCE83- 17389 and OCE85-041 25 (hydrography and CTD work), OCE83-1 6602 
(chlorofluorocarbons), and OCE85-1 0842 (tritium). 

5.  References 

Anderson, G.C., compiler, 1971. Oxygen Analysis." Marine Technician's Handbook, 
  SlO Ref. No. 71-8, Sea Grant Pub. No. 9.

Atlas, E.L., J.C. Caraway, R.D. Tomlinson, L.l. Gordon, L. Barstow, and P.K. 
  Park, 1971. A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon Z9 AutoAnalyzer 
  Nutrient Analysis; Revised. Oregon State University Technical Report 215, 
  Reference No. 71-22.

Bidigare, R.R., M. Ondrusek, S. Sweet and J.M. Brooks, 1987. Trans-Pacific data 
  repon. Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Department of 
  Oceanography, Texas A&M University.

Bullister, J.L. and R.F. Weiss, 1988. Determination of CC13F and CC12F2 in 
  seawater and air. Deep-Sea. Res., 35, 839-853.

Carpenter, J.H., 1965. The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler 
  dissolved oxygen method. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10: 141-143.

Mantyla, A.W., 1987. Standard seawater comparisons updated. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 
  1 7, 543-548.

Ostlund, H.G., 1987. TPS24 - Transpacific Cruise 1985, Tritium Results. Tritium 
  Laboratory Data Release #87-35. University of Miami Tritium Laboratory, 
  Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker 
  Causeway, Miami, FL 33149.

Ostlund, H.G., and H.G. Dorsey, 1977. Rapid electrolytic enrichment and hydrogen 
  gas proportional counting of tritium. In Low-Radioactivity Measurements and 
  Applications, Proceedings of the International Conference on Low- 
  Radioactivity Measurements and Applications, 6-10 October 1975. The High 
  Tatras, Czechoslovakia, Slovenske Pedagogicke Nakladatel'stvo, Bratislava.

Saunders, P.M., 1981. Practical conversion of pressure to depth. J. Phys. 
  Oceanogr., 11, 573-574.

Swift, J., N.L. Mantyla, J.R. Osborne, and P.K. Salameh, 1990. A transpacific 
  section along 24 N (TPS24), Physical, chemical and CTD data report 30 March 
  1985 - 3 June 1985, RV Thomas Thompson TT 188, Legs 1 and 2. Scripps 
  Institution of Oceanography, SIO Reference 90-36.

UNESCO, 1981a. Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity 
  Scale, 1978. UNESCO Tech. PaP. in Mar. Sci., No. 37, 144 pp.

UNESCO, 1981b. Background papers and supporting data on the International 
  Equation of State 1980. UNESCO Tech. PaP. in Mar. Sd., No. 38, 192 pp.

Weiss, R. F., 1970. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and 
  seawater. Deep-Sea Res.. 17. 721-735. 

6.  List of Cruise Participants 

SHIPBOARD SCENTFIC PARTY, LEG I

Chief Scientist                        Co-chief Scientist
James H. Swift                         Melinda M Hall
Scripps Institution of Oceanography    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

                Massachusetts Institute of Technology
                   Elizabeth J Callahan
                   William R Young

                Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                   Jian-Hwa Hu
                   Cecelia A. Kemper
                   Peter K Salemeh
                   Frederick A VanWoy

                Scripps Institution of Oceanography - ODF
                   Jama P Costello
                   Frank M Delahoyde
                   Douglas M Masten
                   Carl W Mattson
                   David A Muus
                   Ronald G Patrick
                   Paul R Sweet

                Texas A & M University
                   Michael E Ondrusek
                   Stephen T Sweet

                University of California, Santa Barbara
                   Tracy A. McCallister

                University of Washington
                   Thomas W. Lehman

                Woods Hole Oceanographic lnstitution
                   Richard W Gregory-Allen


SHIPBOARD SCIENTIFIC PARTY, LEG 2

Chief Scientist                         Co-chief Scientist
Dean H Roemmich                         Harry L Bryden
Scripps Institution of Oceanography     Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

                Massachusetts Institute of Technology
                   Barry C Grant
                   Chris Measures

                Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                   Cecelia A. Kemper
                   Dong-Kyu Lee
                   Margie M Mitchell
                   Mark J. Warner
                   Jean Washington

                Scripps Institution of Oceanography- ODF
                   James P Castello
                   Frank M Delahoyde
                   Douglas M. Masten
                   Carl W Mattson
                   David A. Muus
                   Ronald G. Patrick
                   Brian Willhoite

                Texas A & M University
                   Debra A Defreitas
                   Stephen T Sweet

                Nationa1 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                   Dave Wisegarver

                University of Washington
                   Ted H Benson

                Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                   Richard W Gregory-Allen




Final CFC Data Quality Evaluation (DQE) Comments on tps24 (P03).
(David Wisegarver)
Dec 2000
 
During the initial DQE review of the CFC data, a small number of samples were 
given QUALT2 flags which differed from the initial QUALT1 flags assigned by the 
PI.  After discussion, the PI concurred with the DQE assigned flags and updated 
the QUAL1 flags for these samples.

The CFC concentrations have been adjusted to the SIO98 calibration Scale (Prinn 
et al. 2000) so that all of the Pacific WOCE CFC data will be on a common 
calibration scale.

For further information, comments or questions, please, contact the CFC PI for 
this section (R. Weiss, rfw@gaslab.ucsd.edu) or David Wisegarver 
(wise@pmel.noaa.gov).

Additional information on WOCE CFC synthesis may be available at: 
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/cfc.

********************************************************************************
Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, F. N. 
Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, R. H. J. Wang, D. E. 
Hartley, C. Harth, L. P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P. M. Midgley,  and A. McCulloch, 
A history of chemically and radiatively important gases  in air deduced from 
ALE/GAGE/AGAGE.  Journal of  Geophysical  Research, 105, 17,751-17,792, 2000. 
********************************************************************************



WHPO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Date      Contact   Data Type   Data Status Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1/90   Gordon    NUTs        DQE Begun      
               
11/9/90   Mantyla   NUTs/S/O    Sent to DQE      
               
7/9/96    Salameh   CFCs        Submitted for DQE      
               
4/17/98   Diggs     CTD/BTL     Data are Public      
               
7/7/98    Lupton    HELIUM      Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO      
               
1/12/99   Talley    CFCs        Submitted   see note:   
    I am ftping a file with the CFC data from Ray Weiss, courtesy of Peter 
  Salameh, for the two old cruises TPS47 (P01) and TPS24 (P03).
    I will have Danie merge them and then the final files should be placed in 
  the WHPO public site.  
    I will also contact John Lupton about helium data and the Miami lab about 
  tritium data for the same cruises.
               
1/21/99   Talley    TRITUM      Submitted for DQE   from Charlene Grall - 
  University of Miami        
     The files on the floppy disk include only samples on which Cl4 or T (or
  both) have been measured.  File format is DOS, as it comes on the IBM PC, as
  ASCII characters.
     The data files (nnnnnnn.PLT) form integers of the actual numbers multi-
  plied by FACTOR below.  Missing data are indicated by blanks.
                                                                         
  BYTES  WIDTH  DATA, (right justified)                                 FACTOR
                                                                       
  1-6      6    Station number                                              1
  7-12     6    Cast, Niskin bottle number                                  1
  13-18    6    Depth in m or pressure in dB, supplied by chief scientist   1
  19-24    6    Potential temperature calculated by the                  1000
                equations of Bryden (1973)
  25-30    6    Salinity, in S-units, supplied by chief scientist        1000
  31-36    6    Sigma Theta, calculated according to equations of        1000
                Millero and Poisson (1981)
  37-42    6    TU in old scale at time of sampling                      1000
  43-48    6    Error, 1 Sigma, in TU                                    1000
  49-54    6    TCO2 in  umoles/kg. Note: On TTO there are TCO2          1000
                data available on more samples, not listed here
  55-60    6    dC13 (o/oo) vs PDB, of our CO2 preparations              1000
  61-68    8    DC14 in internationally adopted scale                    1000
  69-72    4    Gerard sampler #                                            1
  73-78    6    Available                                                 -
  79       1    CR                                                        -
  80       1    LF                                                        -
                                                                         
     Files with attribute .LOC are station locations etc. as follows:    

  BYTES  WIDTH  INFORMATION

   1-8     8    Station number
   9-16    8    Date, yrmoda
  17-24    8    Bottom depth in meters
  25-32    8    Latitude degmin. North is positive                       
  33-40    8    Longitude degmin. East is positive                       
  41-78   38    Available                                                
  79       1    CR                                                       
  80       1    LF                                                       
                                                                         
     The Tritium Lab is responsible only for the TU, eTU,dC13 and DC14 data to
  be accurate.  For up-to-date hydrography, TCO2, and other parameters, please
  contact persons in charge of scientific cruise.
                                                                           
     The Tritium Lab is responsible only for the TU, eTU,dC13 and DC14 data to
  be accurate.  For up-to-date hydrography, TCO2, and other parameters, please  
  contact Scripps Data Facility.                                                
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                    Charlene Grall * University of Miami
                  4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. * Miami, FL 33149 
                    PH: 305/361-4119 * FX: 305/361-4112

               
3/30/99   Bartolacci  He/Tr          Website Updated   
  Website now has an encrypted version of the bottle data file that contains
 helium and tritium in addition to the public version of the bottle file.
               
10/25/99  Swift       He/Tr          Data are Public   See note:   
  there is no reason that any data from the "pre-WOCE WOCE lines" (P1, P3, A16,
  etc.) should be encrypted. 
               
6/21/00   Bartolacci  helium/delhe3  not yet merged into btl file   
               
7/5/00    Bartolacci  HELIUM         Website Updated   
  delhe3/helium re-merged into btl file/online   (helium, delhe3, qualt1)
  Re-merged delhe3 and helium into both P03 legs (sent by L. Evans, different 
  flags) replaced online files, updated webpages to indicate the change. As per 
  J. Swift,  1999.10.25 email left these files as entirely public and 
  unencrypted.

7/5/00    Bartolacci  He/Tr          Website Updated   data are public   
               
7/17/00   Key         CO2            No Data Submitted 
  On TPS cruises which were sampled for TCO2, there were problems with precision 
  and accuracy. These data have never been reported to either me of CDIAC. 
  Feely's group did what sampling there was for the various carbon parameters. I 
  believe that he does have alk values for at least one of the three TPS lines.  
  Note that carbon data from the Japanese zonal line(s) is available from Feely 
  (at least he has the data) and permissions.
               
6/22/01   Uribe       CTD/BTL       Website Updated   CSV File Added   
  CTD and Bottle files in exchange format have been put online.
               
9/5/01    Bartolacci  BTL           CFC is updated and ready to merge   
  I have placed updated CFC values into the P03/original directory. These files 
  were sent by D. Wisegarver on 2001.07.09 and are ready for merging.
               
9/6/01    Muus        CFCs          notes from merging CFC's into P03a and P03b:

  1. New CFC-11 and CFC-12 from:
     /usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/pacific/p03/original/   
     20010709_P03_CFC_UPDT_WISEGARVER/20010709.165533_WISEGARVER_P03/
     20010709.165533_WISEGARVER_P03_tps24_CFC_DQE.dat

     merged into web SEA files as of Sept 6, 2001: 20000703WHPOSIODMB
 
     File names changed from p03a (second leg) to p03w and p03b (first leg)  to 
     p03e One file contained new CFC data for both legs.  No SEA file QUALT2 
     words so added QUALT2 identical to QUALT1 prior to merging. CFC file has 3 
     digit sampno as Cast# & Bottle# while .SEA files have SAMPNO as Bottle# 
     only.  CFC file has -9 for Bottle numbers.   Changed CFC files by deleting 
     Cast# portion of sampno in order to merge.

  2. SUMMARY files: Leg 1 (20010326WHPOSIOKJU) 
     Leg 2 (no version code)
     have "INT" (interpolated?) as NAV entry numerous times.  "INT" not a NAV 
     code per WOCE Manual.
     EVENT CODE is BO, EN, BE rather than normal sequence of BE, BO, EN.
     All three position and time entries for each station are identical since 
     this is a Pre-WOCE cruise. Left NAV and EVENT CODEs unchanged.

     EXPOCODEs for Leg 2 SUMMARY file changed from 31TTTPS24/2 to 31TTTPS24_2.
     EXPOCODEs for Leg 1 SUMMARY file already okay as 31TTTPS24_1.

  3. Exchange files checked using Java Ocean Atlas.

9/7/01  Bartolacci  BTL/SUM         Website Updated   
  New CFC's were merged into the bottle file for each leg. These new files have 
  replaced current online files. updated (reformatted) sumfiles have also 
  replaced current versions. Notes on merging and reformatting will be sent via 
  email to meta data manager.
               
9/27/01   Bartolacci  CTD           CTD corrected, new file online   
  It was found that the ctd station file for station 320 was mistakenly labeled 
  as station 310. The file name was corrected, and new zipped ctd files are 
  online. Since station 310 is missing from even the original files forwarded 
  from WHOI, ODF has been contacted in an attempt to obtain a new ctd data set, 
  or at least the station 310 file. 
               
10/2/01   Bartolacci  CTD           Update Needed   CTD station files missing 
  As per Sharon Escher there are 4 CTD station files missing from the on line 
  CTD zipped file. This matter is being investigated at this time.

  Sharon Escher wrote-
  Could you check on 4 stations for me in p03?  Stations 388, 365, 257, and 1 
  used to have ctd data ( from Lynne's original work that I am using as a 
  template for making these new plots), but these 4 are not in the dataset I 
  downloaded from the web site.  If you could give me information on these, I 
  can either wait for the data or go ahead without them.  There is bottle data 
  for these stations, but no ctd data.

               
10/9/01  Anderson     CTD           Data Update   Reformatted data online   
  Sharon Escher found 5 stations missing from the CTD zipped files. Found the 
  stations, reformatted, added headers, and rezipped files. The missing stations 
  were 1, 257, 310,365, and 388. The old files were renamed and moved to the 
  original directory. New files were put online.
               
               

