A.   CRUISE NARRATIVE: P14C

A.1. HIGHLIGHTS

WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation                  P14C
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)         316N138_7
Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation  Dean Roemmich, Bruce D. Cornuelle/SIO*
Dates                                     1992.SEP.01 - 1992.SEP.15
Ship                                      R/V Knorr
Ports of call                             Auckland, New Zealand to Suva, Fiji
Number of stations                        52
                                                     18° 32.3' S
Geographic boundaries of the stations     175° 2.20' E         177°  56.10' E
                                                      35° 38' S
Floats and drifters deployed              Twelve floats
Moorings deployed or recovered            none
Contributing Authors                      Kristin Sandborn, Mark J. Warner, 
                                          Xin Bu, Marie-Claude Beaupre, 
                                          Mary C. Johnson, Arnold Mantyla, 
                                          David Wisegarver, Robert M. Key

         *  Scripps Institution of Oceanography     phone: 619-534-2307
                 La Jolla, CA 92093-0230     fax: 619-534-0704
                           email:  droemmich@ucsd.edu

A.2.  CRUISE SUMMARY

A.2.a  GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES

A.2.b  STATIONS OCCUPIED

A total of 52 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations were made along
the main track with up to 36 ten-liter water samples collected at
each station.  The CTD also carried an oxygen sensor and transmissometer.
Stations extended from the ocean surface to within about 10 m of the bottom.
All water samples were analyzed for salinity, dissolved oxygen and 
nutrient (nitrate, nitrite, silicate, phosphate) concentrations.
 
A.2.c  FLOATS AND DRIFTERS DEPLOYED

At 12 locations along the track, neutrally buoyant floats were deployed
for Russ Davis(Scripps Institution for Oceanography).  These were 
ballasted to float at 850 m depth, returning to the ocean surface
to report their positions monthly via satellite.

A.2.d  MOORINGS DEPLOYED OR RECOVERED

A.3  LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

Table 1: List of Principal Investigators

            Name             Responsibility      Institution
            ---------------------------------------------------------
            Dean Roemmich    Chief Scientist     Scripps
            Bruce Cornuelle  Co-Chief Scientist  Scripps
            Mark Warner      CFCs(11 & 12)       UW
            William Jenkins  Tritium, Helium     WHOI
            John Downing     CO2                 BMSU
            Robert Key       C14                 Princeton University

                  Scripps: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                  UW:      University of Washington
                  WHOI:    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                  BMSU:    Battelle Marine Science University

 
A.4  SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME AND METHODS

WOCE Leg P14C was carried out on R/V Knorr, sailing from Auckland, New Zealand 
on September 1 and arriving in Suva Fiji on September 15. Principal scientific 
objectives of WOCE are to determine the large-scale circulation of the ocean 
from surface to bottom including the fluxes of mass, heat and salt and to 
provide datasets necessary for modeling of ocean circulation and the ocean 
climate system. Line P14c focuses on eastward flowing waters of the subtropical 
gyre which carry heat away from the Australian continent into the interior of 
the ocean. In addition to the surface waters, the transect also sampled 
intermediate layers of Antarctic origin and deep layers of the nearly enclosed 
South Fiji Basin.

Due to favorable weather and having had no serious equipment breakdowns, the 
main track was completed a day ahead of schedule. In order to investigate a 
relatively strong current observed in the Kadavu Passage and to facilitate 
testing of the ship's backup winch, 16 shallow CTD stations (to 1000m depth) 
were carried out within the Kadavu Passage adjacent to the main track. No water 
samples were collected at these stations. In addition to the shipboard 
scientific party from U.S. institutions, participants from southwest Pacific 
countries included Mattias Tomczak and Cesar Villanoy from Flinders University, 
Australia, Leba Savu from University of the South Pacific, Fiji, and Basil 
Stanton from New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, New Zealand.

A.5  MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED
A.6  OTHER INCIDENTS OF NOTE

A.7  LIST OF CRUISE PARTICIPANTS

Table 2: List of Cruise Participants

                Name                   Institution
                ----------------------------------------------
                Dean H. Roemmich       Scripps 
                James A. Wells         Scripps
                Marie-Claude Beaupre   Scripps
                Carl Mattson           Scripps
                Leonard Lopez          Scripps
                Franklin M. Delahoyde  Scripps
                Barry J. Nisly         Scripps
                Stanley Rosenblad      WHOI
                Linda S. Bingler       Battelle
                Matthias Tomczak       Flinders Institute
                Cesar Villanoy         Univ. of Philippines
                Bruce Cornuelle        Scripps
                Sherry Gripp           Scripps
                John Boaz              Scripps
                Mark Warner            Univ. of Washington
                Xin Bu                 Univ. of Washington
                Dempsey Lott           WHOI
                Leba C.H. Savu         Univ. of the S. Pacific
                Basil Stanton          N.Z. Oceanographic Inst.
                Michael Kosro          Oregon State University
                Tasha Zahn             Princeton University



B.   HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS
     (Kristin Sandborn/ODF)

B.1  DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS


Hydrographic casts (ODF CTD/rosette) were carried out with a NBIS
(Neil Brown Instrument System) CTD and a 36 bottle rosette sampler of ODF
manufacture using General Oceanics pylons.  An ODF-modified NBIS Mark 3
CTD, a Benthos altimeter, a SensorMedics oxygen sensor and a SeaTech
transmissometer provided by Texas A&M University (TAMU) were mounted on the
rosette frame.  Deep Sea Reversing Thermometers were used on this leg.
Seawater samples were collected in 10-liter PVC ODF bottles mounted on the
rosette frame.  The frame was a 36-place dual-ring (12-bottle inner,
24-bottle outer) ODF Rosette.  There were initially problems with pylons
and bottles (lanyard lengths, leaks), but tripping problems mostly cleared
up by Station 010.  A Benthos pinger was mounted separately on the rosette
frame; its signal was displayed on the precision depth recorder (PDR) in
the ship's laboratory.  The rosette/CTD was suspended from a
three-conductor ElectroMechanical (EM) cable which provided power to the
CTD and relayed the CTD signal to the laboratory.

Each CTD cast extended to within approximately 10 meters of the bottom
unless the bottom returns from both the pinger and the altimeter were
extremely poor.  The bottles were numbered 1 through 36.  When one of these
36 bottles needed servicing and repairs could not be accomplished by the
next cast, the replacement bottle was given a new number.  The replacement
bottles were numbered 37 through 40.  Subsets of CTD data taken at the time
of water sample collection were transmitted to the bottle data files
immediately after each cast to provide pressure and temperature at the
sampling depth, and to facilitate the examination and quality control of
the bottle data as the laboratory analyses were completed.  The CTD data
and documentation are submitted separately to the Chief Scientist.

After each rosette cast was brought on board, water samples were drawn
in the following order: Freon (CFC-11 and CFC-12), Helium-3, Oxygen, Total
CO2, AMS 14C, and Tritium.  Nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and
nitrite), and Salinity are drawn next and could be sampled in arbitrary
order.  The identifiers of the sample containers and the numbers of the ODF
samplers from which the samples were drawn were recorded on the Sample Log
sheet at the time of the draw by a "bottle cop" responsible for keeping the
log.  Normal ODF sampling practice is to open the drain valve before
opening the air vent to see if water escapes, indicating the presence of a
small air leak in the sampler.  This observation ("air leak"), and other
comments ("lanyard caught in lid", "valve left open", etc.) which may
indicate some doubt about the integrity of the water samples were also
noted on the Sample Log sheets.  These comments are included in this
documentation with analyst and investigator comments.  These include
property/propery checks on data quality and sampler and analyst
performance.

The discrete hydrographic data were entered into the shipboard data
system and processed as the analyses were completed.  The bottle data were
brought to a usable, though not final, state at sea.  ODF data checking
procedures included verification that the sample was assigned to the
correct depth.  This was accomplished by checking the raw data sheets,
which included the raw data value and the water sample bottle, versus the
sample log sheets.  The oxygen and nutrient data were compared by ODF with
those from adjacent stations.  Any comments regarding the water samples
were investigated.  The raw data computer files were also checked for entry
errors that could have been made on the station number, bottle number
and/or flask number as would be the case for oxygens.  The salinity and
oxygen values were transmitted from PC's attached to either the salinometer
or oxygen titration system.  Nutrients were manually entered into the
computer; therefore these values were double checked for data entry errors.

Investigation of data included comparison of bottle salinity and
oxygen with CTD data, and review of data plots of the station profile alone
and compared to nearby stations.  If a data value did not either agree
satisfactorily with the CTD or with other nearby data, then analysis and
sampling notes, plots, and nearby data were reviewed.  If any problem was
indicated, the data value was flagged.  Section E, the Quality Comments,
includes comments regarding missing samples and investigative remarks for
comments made on the Sample Log sheets, as well as all flagged (WOCE coded)
data values other than 2, an acceptable measurement.

The WOCE codes were assigned to the water data using the criteria:

code 1 =  Sample for this measurement was drawn from water bottle, but
          results of analysis not received.

code 2 =  Acceptable measurement.

code 3 =  Questionable measurement.  Does not fit station profile or
          adjoining station comparisons. No notes from analyst indicating a
          problem.  Datum could be real, but the decision as to whether it
          is acceptable will be made by a scientist rather than ODF's
          technicians.

code 4 =  Bad measurement.  Does not fit station profile and/or adjoining
          station comparisons.  There are analytical notes indicating a
          problem, but data values are reported.  ODF recommends deletion
          of these data values.  Analytical notes for salinity and/or
          oxygen may include large differences between the water sample and
          CTD profiles.  Sampling errors are also coded 4.

code 5 =  Not reported.  ODF avoids using this code, all data are reported.

code 9 =  Sample for this measurement not drawn.

Quality flags assigned to parameter BTLNBR (bottle number) as defined in
the WOCE Operations manual are further clarified as follows:

code 4 =  If the bottle tripped at a different level than planned, ODF
          assigned it a code 4.  If there is a 4 code on the bottle, and 2
          codes on the salinity, oxygen and nutrients then the reassigned
          pressure was probably correct.  If there is a 4 code on the
          bottle, and 4 codes on the salinity, oxygen and nutrients then
          the pressure assignment was probably incorrect and an appropriate
          pressure could not be obtained.

code 3 =  An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect on a
          sample is identified by a 3 code on the bottle and 4 code on the
          oxygen.  (Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may
          only affect gas samples).

The following table shows the number of ODF samples drawn and the number of 
times each WOCE sample code was assigned.

                              ROSETTE SAMPLES

Stations 1-52                                                       
                        Bottle Codes    |     Water Sample Codes
       | Reported |------|----|----|----|----|------|---|----|---|---
       | levels   |    2 |  3 |  4 |  9 |  1 |    2 | 3 |  4 | 5 |  9 
-------|----------|------|----|----|----|----|------|---|----|---|---
BTLNBR |   1541   | 1455 | 13 | 48 | 25 |    |      |   |    |   |    
SALNTY |   1516   |      |    |    |    | 10 | 1467 | 5 | 34 | 0 | 25 
OXYGEN |   1514   |      |    |    |    |  4 | 1471 |11 | 28 | 0 | 27 
SILCAT |   1512   |      |    |    |    |  7 | 1460 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 29 
NITRAT |   1512   |      |    |    |    |  1 | 1488 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 29 
NITRIT |   1512   |      |    |    |    |  1 | 1492 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 29 
PHSPHT |   1512   |      |    |    |    |  1 | 1490 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 29 


B.2  CTD PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND OXYGEN

All CTD pressure, temperature and salinity data reported with the
bottle data are from upcasts and correspond to the CTD data being acquired
at the time a bottle was tripped.  The CTD pressure and temperature data
have been corrected based on laboratory calibrations.  The CTD salinity
data are calibrated to bottle data, as described in the CTD processing
section which is submitted separately.  The CTD oxygen data reported in
bottle files are mostly from processed downcast pressure-series data;
occasionally an upcast had to be used because of problems with the
downcast.  The CTD oxygen data were matched to bottle stops along common
isopycnals, and inserted into the bottle files.  All reported CTD data are
calibrated and processed with the methodology described in the
documentation accompanying the CTD data submission.  The CTD data and
documentation are submitted separately.

The temperatures are based on the International Temperature Scale of
1990.  Potential temperature is calculated using the equations of Fofonoff.


B.3  SALINITY

A single ODF-modified Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometer
(Serial Number 57-396), located in a temperature-controlled laboratory, was
used to measure salinities.  The salinometer was standardized for each cast
with IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-120, using at least one fresh
vial per cast.  Analyses and data acquisition were controlled by a small
computer through an interface board designed by ODF.  The salinometer cell
was flushed until successive readings met software criteria, then two
successive measurements were made and averaged for a final result.

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina
borosilicate bottles, after 3 rinses, and were sealed with custom-made
plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps.  This assembly provides
very low container dissolution and sample evaporation.  If loose inserts
were found, they were replaced to ensure an airtight seal.  Salinity was
determined after sample equilibration to laboratory temperature, usually
within 8-36 hours of collection.  Salinity was calculated according to the
equations of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (UNESCO, 1981).  The
estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than
0.002 psu relative to the particular Standard Seawater batch used.
Although laboratory precision of the Autosal can be as small as 0.0002 psu
when running replicate samples under ideal conditions, at sea the expected
precision is about 0.001 psu under normal conditions, with a stable lab
temperature.  This cruise achieved an accuracy of better than 0.001 psu.
Salinity samples were compared with CTD data and significant
differences were investigated.


B.4  OXYGEN

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an SIO-designed
automated oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on
the absorption of 365 nm wavelength ultra-violet light.  Thiosulfate was
dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.  ODF
uses a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique of
Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al.  (1991), but with
higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately 0.012N)
and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/l).  Standard solutions prepared from pre-
weighed potassium iodate crystals were run at the beginning of each session
of analyses, which typically included from 1 to 3 stations.  Several
standards were made up during the cruise and compared to assure that the
results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a weighing
error.  Reagent/distilled water blanks were determined to account for
oxidizing or reducing materials in the reagents.  The auto-titrator
generally performed very well.

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the
rosette sampler was brought on board and after CFC and helium were drawn.
Nominal 125 ml volume-calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with
minimal agitation, then filled via a drawing tube, and allowed to overflow
for at least 3 flask volumes.  The sample temperature was measured with a
small platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the drawing tube.
Reagents were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering.  The flasks were
shaken twice; immediately after drawing, and then again after 20 minutes,
to assure thorough dispersion of the MnO(OH)2 precipitate.  The samples
were analyzed within 4-36 hours of collection.

Draw temperatures were very useful in detecting possible bad trips
even as samples were being drawn.  The data were logged by the PC control
software and then transferred to the Sun (the main computer) and
calculated.

Blanks, and thiosulfate normalities corrected to 20 degree C,
calculated from each standardization, were plotted versus time, and were
reviewed for possible problems.  New thiosulfate normalities were
recalculated after the blanks had been smoothed.  These normalities were
then smoothed, and the oxygen data was recalculated.

Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram using the in-situ temperature.  Ideally, for whole-bottle
titrations, the conversion temperature should be the temperature of the
water issuing from the Niskin bottle spigot.  The sample temperatures were
measured at the time the samples were drawn from the bottle, but were not
used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles per
kilogram because the software is not available.  Aberrant drawing
temperatures provided an additional flag indicating that a bottle may not
have tripped properly.  Measured sample temperatures from mid-deep water
samples were about 4-7 degree C warmer than in-situ temperature.  Had the
conversion with the measured sample temperature been made, converted oxygen
values, would be about 0.08% higher for a 6 degree C warming (or about
0.2umol/kg for a 250umol/kg sample).

Oxygen flasks were calibrated gravimetrically with degassed deionized
water (DIW) to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory.  This
is done once before using flasks for the first time and periodically
thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected.  All volumetric
glassware used in preparing standards is calibrated as well as the 10ml
Dosimat buret used to dispense standard Iodate solution.

Iodate standards are pre-weighed in ODF's chemistry laboratory to a
nominal weight of 0.44xx grams and exact normality calculated at sea.
Potassium Iodate (KIO3) is obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and
is reported by the suppliers to be > 99.4% pure. All other reagents are
"reagent grade" and are tested for levels of oxidizing and reducing
impurities prior to use.


B.5  NUTRIENTS

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were
performed on an ODF-modified AutoAnalyzer II, generally within one hour of
the cast, although some samples may have been refrigerated at 2 to 6 degree
C for a maximum of 4 hours.  The procedures used are described in Gordon et
al.  (1992) except as noted below.  The AA generally performed well, with
minor pump and sampler problems.  A new PC/Sun-based data acquisition
system was used to acquire data and detect peaks.  All peaks were logged
through ODF's nutrient acquisition system, and all the runs were manually
re-read to check for possible computer reading errors.

Silicate is analyzed using the basic method of Armstrong et al.
(1967).  Ammonium molybdate is added to a seawater sample to produce
silicomolybdic acid which is then reduced to silicomolybdous acid (a blue
compound) following the addition of stannous chloride. The sample is passed
through a 15mm flowcell and measured at 820nm. ODF's methodology is known
to be non-linear at high silicate concentrations >120uM; consideration of
this non-linearity is included in ODF's software.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. (1967) procedure is used for
the analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For nitrate analysis, a seawater
sample is passed through a cadmium column where the nitrate is reduced to
nitrite.  This nitrite is then reacted with sulfanilamide and coupled with
N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine to form a red azo dye.  The sample is then
passed through a 15mm flowcell and measured at 540nm.  The procedure is the
same for the nitrite analysis less the cadmium column.  A 50mm flowcell is
required for nitrite (NO2).

Phosphate is analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and
Wilhelms (1967) method. Ammonium molybdate is added to a seawater sample to
produce phosphomolybdic acid, which is then reduced to phosphomolybdous
acid (a blue compound) following the addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The
sample is passed through a 50mm flowcell and measured at 820nm.

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml high density polypropylene,
narrow mouth, screw-capped centrifuge tubes which were rinsed three times
before filling.  Standardizations were performed at the beginning and end
of each group of analyses (one cast, usually 36 samples) with a set of an
intermediate concentration standard prepared for each run from secondary
standards.  These secondary standards were in turn prepared aboard ship by
dilution from dry, pre-weighed primary standards.  Sets of 5-6 different
concentrations of shipboard standards were analyzed periodically to
determine the deviation from linearity as a function of concentration for
each nutrient.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at zero
pressure, in-situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 25
degree C.

Silicate primary, Na2SiF6, standard is obtained from Fluka Chemical
Company and Fischer Scientific and is reported by the suppliers to be >98%
pure.  Nitrate, KNO3, nitrite, NaNO2, and phosphate, KH2PO4, primary
standards are obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier
reports a purity of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively.



B.6   CFC-11 AND CFC-12 MEASUREMENTS - WOCE P14C
      (Mark J. Warner, Xin Bu)

B.6.a  SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Samples for CFC analysis were drawn from the 10-liter Niskins into 100-cc ground 
glass syringes fitted with plastic stopcocks. These samples were the first 
aliquots drawn from the particular Niskins. There is no evidence of high 
contamination levels of the CFC samples resulting from the Niskin bottles.  

The samples were analyzed using the CFC extraction and analysis system of Dr. 
Ray Weiss of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The analytical procedure and 
data analysis are described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). This analytical 
system had been used during WHP section P6, and had remained set up in the main 
laboratory of the RV Knorr with carrier gas flushing the system during the 
month-long break between WOCE legs. The CFC concentrations in air were measured 
approximately twice per day during this expedition. Air was pumped to the main 
laboratory from the bow through Dekabon tubing. 

Calibration working standard, calibrated on the SIO1986 scale, was used to 
calibrate the response of the electron capture detector of the Shimadzu Mini-2 
GC to the CFCs. This standard, Airco cylinder CC70135, contained gas with CFC-11 
and CFC-12 concentrations of 271.9 parts per trillion (ppt) and 502.2 ppt, 
respectively. To convert these results to the SIO1993 scale, CFC-11 
concentrations need to be multiplied by 0.9755 and CFC-12 concentrations need to 
be multiplied by 1.0128.

B.6.b  SAMPLING BLANKS

There is always a small amount of contamination of the CFCs in the sampling and 
analysis of water samples. We have attempted to estimate this level of 
contamination by taking the mode of measured CFC concentration in samples which 
should be CFC-free. In this region, measurements of other transient tracers such 
as carbon-14 indicate that the deep waters are much older than the CFC 
transient. We have used all samples deeper than than 2000 meters to determine 
the blanks of 0.0055 picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg) for CFC-11 and 0.0035 
pmol/kg for CFC-12. These concentrations have been subtracted from all the 
reported dissolved CFC concentrations.

B.6.c  DATA

In addition to the CFC concentrations which have merged with the .SEA file, the 
following three tables have been included to complete the data set. The first 
two are tables of the duplicate samples. The third is a table of the atmospheric 
CFC concentrations interpolated to each station. 

Table 1: CFC-11 Concentrations in Replicate Samples

                              Station Sample CFC-11
                              ---------------------
                                 3     124   2.622
                                 3     124   2.651
                                 7     214   2.609
                                 7     214   2.620
                                 9     136  -0.002
                                 9     136  -0.004
                                13     123   0.036
                                13     123   0.035
                                27     141   2.151
                                27     141   2.125
                                33     103   2.011
                                33     103   2.043
                                39     114   1.886
                                39     114   1.841

Table 2: CFC-12 Concentrations in Replicate Samples

                              Station Sample CFC-11
                              ---------------------
                                 3     124   1.310
                                 3     124   1.339
                                 7     214   1.323
                                 7     214   1.338
                                 9     136  -0.002
                                 9     136   0.002
                                13     123   0.024
                                13     123   0.027
                                27     141   1.083
                                27     141   1.075
                                33     103   1.021
                                33     103   1.020
                                39     114   0.955
                                39     114   0.930
                            
Table 3: Atmospheric CFC Concentrations

                              STATION  F11     F12  
                               NUMBER  PPT     PPT  
                              ---------------------
                                 1    266.5   494.3 
                                 2    266.5   494.3 
                                 3    266.5   494.3 
                                 4    266.4   495.6 
                                 5    266.5   494.3 
                                 6    266.5   494.3 
                                 7    266.5   494.3 
                                 8    266.5   494.3 
                                 9    266.5   494.3 
                                10    266.5   494.3 
                                11    266.5   494.3 
                                12    266.5   494.3 
                                13    266.4   495.6 
                                14    266.4   495.6 
                                15    266.3   496.1 
                                16    266.3   496.1 
                                17    266.2   494.9 
                                18    266.2   495.0 
                                19    266.2   495.0 
                                20    265.9   495.0 
                                21    265.9   495.0 
                                22    266.1   493.7 
                                23    266.1   491.7 
                                24    266.1   491.7 
                                25    265.4   491.5 
                                26    265.2   491.0 
                                27    265.2   491.0 
                                28    265.3   492.9 
                                29    264.7   494.0 
                                30    264.7   494.0 
                                31    264.9   493.5 
                                32    265.5   494.6 
                                33    265.2   494.2 
                                34    265.0   492.8 
                                35    265.5   493.2 
                                36    265.7   493.8 
                                37    265.7   493.8 
                                38    266.2   494.1 
                                39    266.2   494.1 
                                40    266.1   493.6 
                                41    266.0   493.5 
                                42    266.0   493.5 
                                43    266.0   494.1 
                                44    266.0   494.1 
                                45    265.8   494.2 
                                46    265.8   494.2 
                                47    265.8   494.2 
                                48    265.8   494.2 
                                49    265.8   494.2 
                                50    265.8   494.2 
                                51    265.8   494.2 
                                52    265.8   494.2 





B.7  REFERENCES AND UNCITED SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

Armstrong, F. A. J., C. R. Stearns, and J. D. H. Strickland, 1967.  The
     measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means
     of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment, Deep-Sea
     Research, 1144, 381-389.

Atlas, E. L., S. W. Hager, L. I. Gordon and P. K. Park, 1971. A Practical
     Manual for Use of the Technicon(R) AutoAnalyzer(R) in Seawater
     Nutrient Analyses; Revised. Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22.
     Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography. 49 pp.

Bernhardt, H. and A. Wilhelms, 1967.  The continuous determination of low
     level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the
     AutoAnalyzer, Technicon Symposia, Volume I, 385-389.

Brewer, P. G. and G. T. F. Wong, 1974. The determination and distribution
     of iodate in South Atlantic waters.  Journal of Marine Research,
     3322,1:25-36.

Bryden, H. L., 1973. New Polynomials for Thermal Expansion, Adiabatic
     Temperature Gradient, Deep-Sea Research, 2200, 401-408.

Carpenter, J. H., 1965. The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the
     Winkler dissolved oxygen method, Limnology and Oceanography, 1100,
     141-143.

Carter, D. J. T., 1980 (Third Edition).  Echo-Sounding Correction Tables,
     Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, Taunton Somerset.

Chen, C.-T. and F. J. Millero, 1977. Speed of sound in seawater at high
     pressures.  Journal Acoustical Society of America, 6622, No. 5,
     1129-1135.

Culberson, C. H., Williams, R. T., et al, August, 1991. A comparison of
     methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater, WHP
     Office Report WHPO 91-2.

Fofonoff, N. P., 1977. Computation of Potential Temperature of Seawater for
     an Arbitrary Reference Pressure.  Deep-Sea Research, 2244, 489-491.

Fofonoff, N. P. and R. C. Millard, 1983. Algorithms for Computation of
     Fundamental Properties of Seawater. UNESCO Report No. 44, 15-24.

Gordon, L. I., Jennings, Joe C. Jr, Ross, Andrew A., Krest, James M., 1992.
     A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of
     Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint
     Global Ocean Fluxes Study. OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc.
     Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1.

Hager, S. W., E. L. Atlas, L. D. Gordon, A. W. Mantyla, and P. K. Park,
     1972.  A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of
     phosphate, nitrate, and silicate.  Limnology and Oceanography, 1177,
     931-937.

Lewis, E. L., 1980. The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and Its Antecedents.
     IEEE Journal of Oceanographic Engineering, OE-5, 3-8.

Mantyla, A. W., 1982-1983. Private correspondence.

Millero, F. J., C.-T. Chen, A. Bradshaw and K. Schleicher, 1980.  A New
     High Pressure Equation of State for Seawater.  Deep-Sea Research, 2277AA,
     255-264.

Saunders, P. M., 1981. Practical Conversion of Pressure to Depth.  Journal
     of Physical Oceanography, 1111, 573-574.

Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, and R. H. Fleming, 1942.  The Oceans, Their
     Physics, Chemistry and General Biology, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood
     Cliff, N.J.

UNESCO, 1981. Background papers and supporting data on the Practical
     Salinity Scale, 1978.  UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.
     37, 144 p.




B.8  QUALITY COMMENTS

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, and WOCE codes other than 2
from WOCE P14C.  Investigation of data may include comparison of bottle
salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots of the station
profile and adjoining stations, and rereading of charts (i.e., nutrients).
Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of ODF's investigations are
included in this report.

STATION 003

134 @ 580db    Salinity drawn, not analyzed.  Salinometer log: "Salt bottle
               cracked."  Footnote salinity sample lost.

STATION 005

117 @   2db    Salinity was not listed on Sample Log Sheet, but sample was
               analyzed.

STATION 006

116 @ 103db    Sample log: "leaking from bottom lid."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

121 @ 337db    Sample log: "Lids not closed properly."  PI: "open Niskin
               lid, O2 certainly too high, S probably too high. O2 should
               be deleted."  Delta-S at 338db is 0.1417, salinity is
               35.183.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.  ODF
               recommends deletion of water samples.

127 @ 905db    Sample log: "Lids lost, no samples drawn."

130 @1209db    Delta-S at 1209db is 0.0092, salinity is 34.511.
               Salinometer took many tries to get two comparable readings.
               Sample must have been contaminated, maybe a salt crystal.
               Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of
               salinity.  Other samples appear to be okay.  Salinity agrees
               with Stations 008 and 009.

136 @1826db    Sample log: "O2 redrawn."  Oxygen appears to be okay.

STATION 007

214 @  16db    Sample log: "leaking valve."  Delta-S at 16db of 2nd run is
               0.0309, salinity is 35.490.  Used original run value.
               Delta-S is now .0187.  Salinity acceptable for shallow
               water.  Oxygen and other samples appear to be okay.

217 @ 150db    Sample log: "leaking bottle."  Samples appear to be okay.

221 @ 343db    Sample log: "leaking valve."  Samples appear to be okay.

222 @ 386db    Sample log: "leaking bottle."

223 @ 473db    Delta-S at 474db is 0.0778, salinity is 34.984.  Suspect
               salinity value effected by salinometer problems.  Footnote
               salinity bad.  ODF recemmends the deletion of salinity.

227 @ 840db    Sample log: "valve drips."  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 008

117 @ 154db    Sample log: "Leaks."  Samples appear to be okay.

118 @ 203db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  NO2 low compared to adjoining stations and
               station profile.  Re-reread chart and peak good just very
               low.  NO3 agrees with adjoining stations.  Footnote no2
               uncertain.

119 @ 254db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  nuts -- suspicious n:p ratio Oxygen and no2
               appears high, no3, po4, and sil low compared with adjoining
               station plots.  Salinity and oxygen slightly high compared
               with CTD.  Based on comments by PI and comparison of data,
               footnote samples bad which in turn would indicate a bottle
               problem, so footnote bottle leaking.  However, one confusing
               factor is the no2, there is not a data value as high in the
               upper water column.  ODF recommends the deletion of water
               samples.

121 @ 404db    Sample log: "Leak at vent."  Samples appear to be okay.

122 @ 504db    Sample log: "Leaks."  Samples appear to be okay.

125 @ 802db    Delta-S at 804db is 0.013, salinity is 34.480.  Oxygen:
               "poor peak."  Oxygen appears to be okay.

135 @2203db    Sample log: "Leaks barely at lower end."  Samples appear to
               be okay.

STATION 009

105 (No Pressure)
               Sample log does not indicate there was water in the bottles,
               and the bottles are lined through.  No water samples drawn,
               level not reported in data set.

106 (No Pressure)
               See 105 comment.

107 @   2db    Sample log indicates that bottles tripped incorrectly, (7
               tripped at the surface). But console ops indicates that
               there were 32 confirmations and that 7 tripped at 50db and
               not at the surface as the sample log indicates.  Console ops
               has a note: 11 & 12 (250 & 300) not tripped.  Appears that
               bottles did not trip as scheduled, data tripping sequence
               has been corrected to 107-112

108 @  15db    See 107 bottle tripping comment.  Footnote bottle did not
               trip as scheduled.

109 @  55db    See 107 bottle tripping comment.  Footnote bottle did not
               trip as scheduled.

110 @ 105db    Delta-S at 205db is 0.057, salinity is 35.492.  Delta-S at
               105db is -.009, data looks good with this pressure.  See 107
               bottle tripping comment.  Footnote bottle did not trip as
               scheduled.

111 @ 155db    Delta-S at 254db is 0.1142, salinity is 35.478.  Delta-S at
               154db is .005, data looks good with this pressure.  See 107
               bottle tripping comment.  Footnote bottle did not trip as
               scheduled.

112 @ 205db    Sample log: "bottle hung-up (not closed), no samples."  See
               107 bottle tripping comment.  Footnote bottle did not trip
               as scheduled.

117 @ 706db    Sample log: "leaking from end cap."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

119 @ 908db    Sample log: "bottle hung-up (not closed), no samples."

120 @1008db    Sample log: "bottle hung-up (not closed), no samples."

STATION 010

104 @   2db    Sample log: "bottles not closed, no samples drawn."

105 @  16db    See 104 bottle comment.

106 @  55db    See 104 bottle comment.

107 @ 104db    See 104 bottle comment.

108 @ 156db    See 104 bottle comment.

109 @ 206db    See 104 bottle comment.

110 @ 255db    See 104 bottle comment.

111 @ 307db    See 104 bottle comment.

112 @ 356db    See 104 bottle comment.

116 @ 707db    Delta-S at 706db is 0.021, salinity is 34.615.  Salinity run
               indicates 4 tries were taken to get an agreement, indicating
               a problem with salinity.  Footnote salinity bad, other
               samples appear to be okay.  ODF recommends the deletion of
               salinity.

117 @ 807db    Sample log: "Top vent open."  Oxygen appears high compared
               with adjoining stations and CTDO. Other samples appear to be
               okay.  Footnote oxygen bad, footnote bottle leaking.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of oxygen.

131 @2833db    Sample log: "leaking bottom lid."  Leak appears to have
               effected oxygen and nutrients.  Oxygen high and nutrients
               low as compared with CTDO and adjoining stations.  Footnote
               bottle leaking, samples bad except salinity, it is
               reasonable at this level.  ODF recommends the deletion of
               oxy, sil, no3, no2, and po4.

134 @3436db    Delta-S at 3437db is 0.0139, salinity is 34.696.  Automated
               salinity output indicates 5 readings made to get an average.
               This indicates there was contamination in the salinity
               sample.  Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recommends the deletion
               of salinity.  Other samples look good when plotted and
               compared with adjoining stations.

STATION 011

Cast 1         Sample log: "as per J. Wells ramp shaft off."  PI: "NO3/PO4
               correlation indicates ok."

106 @  56db    Sample log: "bottle open, no samples drawn."

107 @ 105db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  Sample log: "bottle has loose valve."  Delta-S
               at 105db is -0.2111, salinity is 35.275.  Although very
               strange, suspect that 7 & 8 tripped between 200 & 250 db and
               9 tripped between 60-100 db.  Salinity is low, oxygen low
               compared with Station 009 and 012 and both salinity and
               oxygen low compared with CTD, no3 and po4 high compared with
               station profile and adjoining stations, no2 overlays Station
               015 perfectly, sil looks okay.  Footnote bottle did not trip
               as scheduled, footnote samples bad.

108 @ 157db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  Delta-S at 157db is -0.2025, salinity is 35.269.
               See 107 tripping comment and PI comment.  Footnote bottle
               did not trip as scheduled, footnote samples bad.

109 @ 206db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  O2 high, no3 and po4 slightly low, salinity sil
               and no2 appear to be okay. Could have tripped between 60-100
               db.  See 107 tripping comment and PI comment.  Footnote
               bottle did not trip as scheduled, footnote samples bad.

112 @ 356db    Sample log: "Lid open." No samples drawn.

121 @1213db    Sample log: "valve leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

122 @1312db    Sample log: "valve and lower lid leaking."  Samples appear
               to be okay.

129 @2430db    Delta-S at 2431db is 0.0051, salinity is 34.668.  Automated
               salinity system indicated that 3 tries were taken to get
               good agreement. Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recemmends the
               deletion of salinity.  There was some kind of problem with
               the sample.  Other samples appear to be okay.

STATION 012

112 (No Pressure)
               Sample log: "Line drawn through."  Appears from Console log
               that this bottle was not planned to trip.

102 @   2db    PI: "Bad O2 value, should be deleted.  Oxygen: "sample no
               good, began titration without stir bar."  Footnote oxygen
               lost.

104 @  57db    Sample log: "Redrew O2 sample."  Oxygen and other samples
               appear to be okay.

111 @ 408db    Sample log: "didn't close properly."  No samples.

116 @ 810db    Sample log: "Bubble in O2 flask."  Oxygen and other samples
               appear to be okay.

136 @3970db    Salinity drawn, not analyzed.  No notes telling what the
               problem was, test analysis done and samples run out of
               order, footnote salinity sample lost.

STATION 013

105 @ 105db    Sample log: "possible pre-trip (colder than adjacent)."
               Bottle tripped incorrectly, footnote bottle did not trip as
               scheduled, footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of
               all water samples.

106 @ 156db    Sample log: "possible pre-trip ."  Bottle tripped
               incorrectly, footnote bottle did not trip as scheduled,
               footnote samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of all water
               samples.

107 @ 207db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Oxygen and other samples
               appear to be okay.

111 @ 408db    Sample log: "bottle not closed."  No samples drawn.

117 @ 911db    PI: "Oxygen OK."  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates ok."
               Sample log: "O2 temp measured with manual thermometer."
               Sample log: "O2 temp measured after sampling."

123 @1517db    PI: "Oxygen OK."  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates ok."
               Nutrients: "Looks like sil gets small bubble stuck in f/c at
               sample 23.  From reruns get that most samples have drifted
               from 105-119 chart units.  That doesn't make sense with
               std's though so I don't know.-mcb" Added .105 to all samples
               and stds, data fits station profile and adjoining stations.

135 @3857db    PI: "Oxygen OK."  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates ok."
               See 102 comment.  Sample log: "bottle not closed (lanyard
               hung)."  No samples drawn.

STATION 014

101 @   2db    Sample log: "O2 temps measured w/bucket therm."

104 @ 110db    Sample log: "O2 temps measured w/bucket therm."  Sample log:
               "tap broken."  Oxygen appears slightly low compared to CTDO
               and adjoining stations, other samples appear to be okay.  No
               other gas samples taken per sample log.  CTD Processor:
               "noted point @ 110 db fits CTD oxy okay."  Oxygen agrees
               with adjoining stations @potemp.  Bottle oxygen is
               acceptable.

110 @ 411db    Sample log: "O2 temps measured w/bucket therm."  Salinities
               appeared to be off by one bottle.  Shipboard analyst
               corrected data, salinity for bottle 23 not drawn, duplicates
               were drawn from bottle 9.

123 @1620db    See 110 comment.  Footnote salinity lost.

125 @2026db    Sample log: "O2 temps measured w/bucket therm."  Nutrients:
               "No sample in tube."  Footnote nutrients lost, sample log
               indicates sample should have been taken. Station profile
               looks reasonable, so this appears to be the only sampling
               error.

137 @4146db    Sample log: "therm hung-up."  Oxygen low, other samples
               appear to be okay.  Within WOCE standards so leave as is, no
               other gas samples taken per sample log.

STATION 015

106 @ 205db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  Delta-S at 205db is -0.108, salinity is 35.384.
               Sil low, no2 high, no3 low, o2 high, but these agree with
               Station 011. Station 011 also had a high no2.  Salinity
               appears to have been sampled from bottle 7.  Footnote
               salinity bad.  Leave other samples as is.  ODF recommends
               deletion of salinity.

108 @ 306db    Delta-S at 306db is -0.1132, salinity is 35.113.  Salinity
               appears to have been sampled from bottle 9.  Footnote
               salinity bad.  Other samples appear to be okay.  ODF
               recommends deletion of salinity.

122 @1501db    Sample log: "Still leaking from bottom lid."  Samples appear
               to be okay.

124 @1812db    Oxygen: "intercept late."  Oxygen and other samples appear
               to be okay.

STATION 016

105 @ 156db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis, but S looks funny."  See 106 comment.  PI:
               "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates nitrate appears slightly
               low."  Footnote no3 uncertain.

106 @ 207db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis, but S looks funny."  Delta-S at 206db is -0.3333,
               salinity is 35.076.  Bottle appears to have pretripped and
               did not close properly.  Footnote bottle did not trip
               correctly and samples bad.  ODF recommends deletion of all
               water samples.  CTD Processor: "noted point @ 207 db fits
               CTD oxy okay."

111 @ 407db    Oxygen low compared with CTDO, okay compared with adjoining
               stations, other samples appear to be okay, data acceptable.

112 @ 507db    Delta-S at 507db is 0.0126, salinity is 34.819.  Automated
               salinity analysis indicates a problem, 4 tries to get
               agreement.  Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recommends the
               deletion of salinity.  Other samples acceptable.

138 @1517db    Sample log: "22 replaced with 38."  Salinity: "Aborted 22
               out of water before acceptable values."  Footnote salinity
               lost.

124 @1820db    Salinity drawn, not analyzed.  No notes telling what the
               problem was, footnote salinity sample lost Other samples
               acceptable.

132 @3448db    Salinity: "Aborted out of water before acceptable values."
               Footnote salinity lost.

133 @3653db    Delta-S at 3654db is -0.004, salinity is 34.678.  Other
               samples acceptable.

134 @3857db    Delta-S at 3858db is -0.0039, salinity is 34.678.  Oxygen
               high compared with adjoining stations.  Footnote oxygen
               uncertain, there are no supporting notes which indicate a
               problem with this sample.  Other samples acceptable.

135 @4061db    Delta-S at 4062db is -0.0047, salinity is 34.678.  Other
               samples acceptable.

137 @4287db    Delta-S at 4288db is -0.0051, salinity is 34.678.  Other
               samples acceptable.

STATION 017

104 @ 106db    Salinity: "Ran out of water before acceptable values."
               Footnote salinity lost.

105 @ 155db    CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 155 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."  Oxygen appears to have been drawn in error from
               04.  Footnote oxygen bad.

107 @ 256db    CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 256 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."  Oxygen is .3 higher than adjoining stations.
               Footnote oxygen questionable.

111 @ 507db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."

137 @ 706db    See 113 comments.  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates high
               nitrate."  Footnote no3 uncertain.

113 @ 805db    Sample log: "Pylon possibly off by 1 position on outer
               rosette."  Trip assignments corrected accordingly.  Footnote
               bottle did not trip as scheduled.

114 @ 855db    See 113 comment.

115 @ 904db    See 113 comment.

116 @1003db    See 113 comment.

117 @1103db    See 113 comment.

118 @1206db    See 113 comment.

119 @1308db    See 113 comment.  Salinity drawn, not analyzed.  No notes
               telling what the problem was, footnote salinity sample lost.

120 @1410db    See 113 comment.

121 @1512db    See 113 comment.

138 @1615db    See 113 comment.

123 @1819db    See 113 comment.

124 @2017db    See 113 comment.

125 @2221db    See 113 comment.

126 @2425db    See 113 comment.

127 @2631db    See 113 comment.  Sample log: "bottle leaking."

128 @2834db    See 113 comment.

129 @3039db    See 113 comment.

130 @3243db    See 113 comment.

131 @3447db    See 113 comment.  Delta-S at 3447db is .0041. No analytical
               problems noted, some tripping problems, but should not have
               effected this bottle.  Footnote salinity uncertain.

132 @3651db    See 113 comment.  Delta-S at 3650db is .0029. No analytical
               problems noted, some tripping problems, but should not have
               effected this bottle.

133 @3855db    See 113 comment.

134 @4057db    See 113 comment.  Delta-S at 4057db is .0029. No analytical
               problems noted, some tripping problems, but should not have
               effected this bottle.

135 @4331db    See 113 comment.

STATION 018

103 @  57db    Delta-S at 58db is -0.2818, salinity is 35.376.  Salinity
               high, oxygen low, nutrients high.  Appears that bottle
               tripped early and then may have leaked footnote bottle did
               not trip as scheduled and all samples bad.  PI: "S/O2 curve
               looks unusual but no particular reason to suspect validity
               of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or analysis."

139 @ 464db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Oxygen and other samples
               appear to be okay.  Feature in all properties (except O2) do
               not match adjoining stations (450-721db), seem to be real.

115 @ 812db    CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 812 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."  Oxygen agrees with Station 017, but not Station
               019 (O2 vs. potemp).  Footnote oxygen questionable.

117 @ 997db    Sample log: "bottle vent not closed."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

130 @3060db    Oxygen: "intercept late."  Oxygen and other samples appear
               to be okay.

132 @3461db    Sample log: "bottle not closed (lanyard caught)."  No
               samples drawn.

STATION 019

107 @  55db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

131 @2429db    CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 2429 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."  Oxygen high compared with adjoining stations. No
               analytical problems noted.  Footnote oxygen uncertain.

STATION 020

102 (No Pressure)
               Sample log: "bottle open."

103 @   2db    Salinity: "Inner cap came off with lid."  See 101 comment.

104 @  17db    See 101 comment.

105 @  57db    See 101 comment.

106 @ 105db    See 101 comment.

107 @ 155db    See 101 comment.

108 @ 205db    See 101 comment.

109 @ 255db    See 101 comment.

110 @ 304db    See 101 comment.

111 @ 353db    See 101 comment.

112 @ 403db    See 101 comment.

101 @ 502db    Sample log: "Bottle trip is out of sequence."  Trip
               assignments corrected accordingly.  Footnote bottle did not
               trip as scheduled.

114 @ 699db    Sample log: "Leaks, tap area."  Samples appear to be okay.

120 @1295db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

123 @1592db    Salinity: "Cap off with lid."  Salinity and other samples
               appear to be okay.

127 @2396db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

135 @4032db    Delta-S at 4033db is 0.0151, salinity is 34.698.  Salinity:
               "Contaminate sample."  Footnote salinity bad.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of salinity.

STATION 021

101 @   1db    Salinity: "Loose cap."  Salinity appears to be okay.
               Oxygen: "magnetic stirrer added after start of titration."
               Oxygen appears to be okay.  Salinity was not listed on
               Sample Log Sheet, but sample was analyzed.  Delta-S look
               noisy but reasonable.

102 @  17db    Salinity was not listed on Sample Log Sheet, but sample was
               analyzed.  Delta-S look noisy but reasonable.  Nutrients:
               "Sil NOTE _ Sure looks like something happened in middle of
               first sample-jumps +.085 and from peak shapes looks like
               something wrong for at least 10 or 11 samples- Ending std's
               look ok and no significant drift-can't see anyplace obvious
               where bubble pulled through or anything."  Data
               unrecoverable, footnote sil bad. ODF recommends deletion of
               silicate.

103 @  57db    Salinity: "Cap off with lid."  Salinity appears to be okay.
               See 102 nutrient comment.

104 @ 107db    See 102 nutrient comment.

105 @ 156db    See 102 nutrient comment.

106 @ 206db    See 102 nutrient comment.

107 @ 257db    See 102 nutrient comment.

108 @ 307db    See 102 nutrient comment.

109 @ 356db    See 102 nutrient comment.

110 @ 406db    See 102 nutrient comment.

111 @ 506db    See 102 nutrient comment.

112 @ 605db    See 102 nutrient comment.

113 @ 705db    See 102 nutrient comment.

114 @ 803db    Nutrients: "Sil NOTE _ Sure looks like something happened in
               middle of first sample-jumps +.085 and from peak shapes
               looks like something wrong for at least 10 or 11 samples-
               Ending std's look ok and no significant drift-can't see
               anyplace obvious where bubble pulled through or anything."
               Data unrecoverable, footnote sil bad. ODF recommends
               deletion of silicate.

115 @ 906db    See 114Comment.

116 @1008db    See 114Comment.

117 @1109db    See 114Comment.

118 @1211db    See 114Comment.

119 @1314db    See 114Comment.

120 @1415db    See 114Comment.

121 @1518db    See 114Comment.

122 @1619db    See 114Comment.

123 @1820db    See 114Comment.

124 @2019db    See 114Comment.

125 @2217db    See 114Comment.

126 @2414db    See 114Comment.

127 @2618db    See 114Comment.

132 @3647db    Salinity was not listed on Sample Log Sheet, but sample was
               analyzed.  Delta-S looks reasonable.

STATION 022

110 @ 402db    PI: "O2 too low as result of titration, should be deleted."
               Oxygen: "Delay between acidification and titration."
               Footnote oxygen bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of oxygen.
               Other samples appear to be okay.  CTD Processor: "noted
               point @ 401 db as bad but seems to fit CTD oxy."  Oxygen
               agrees with adjoining stations.

111 @ 502db    All properties deleted (bottle leaking).  PI: "S/O2 curve
               looks unusual but no particular reason to suspect validity
               of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or analysis."  ODF
               recommends deletion of samples, footnote samples bad.
               Footnote bottle leaking.

STATION 023

115 @ 808db    Delta-S at 808db is -0.016, salinity is 34.399.  Appears 15
               was drawn from 16 in error and 15 not drawn.  Did not
               correct data with this assumption, footnote salinity bad.
               ODF recommends the deletion of salinity.  Other samples
               appear to be okay.

116 @ 909db    Salinity lost, sample was drawn, but not analyzed.  No
               explanation, footnote salinity lost.

124 @1814db    Oxygen: "Had to break away, flushed thio prior to sample
               25."  Oxygen may be slightly low compared to CTDO, but this
               sample should not have been involved. Leave as is.

STATION 024

107 @ 254db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Oxygen may be slightly low
               compared with previous stations, but it agrees with next set
               of stations, other samples appear reasonable. Leave as is.

127 @2614db    NO3 and PO4 appear a little low on the station profile.
               They agree with previous station while the rest of the
               doesn't. Other samples appear to be okay, leave as is.

129 @3018db    Sample log: "Redraw O2, broke flask."  Oxygen is okay, other
               samples appear to be okay.

134 @4031db    Oxygen: "retitrated."  Oxygen as well as other samples
               appear to be okay.

137 @4440db    Delta-S at 4441db is 0.005, salinity is 34.689.  Salinity:
               "?first 8385." Not sure what happened this is the
               conductivity ratio for the previous sample.  Some kind of
               analytical problem here footnote salinity bad.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of salinity.  Other samples appear
               to be okay.

STATION 025

106 @ 189db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  No analytical problems noted, leave as is.  CTD
               Processor: "Oxygen @ 189 db did not seem to fit CTD Oxygen."
               Footnote oxygen questionable.

STATION 026

101 @   3db    Bottle uncertain; properties don't fit.  PI: "Oxygen funny
               titration result, O2 should be deleted."  Delta-S at 3db is
               -0.0938, salinity is 35.581.  Oxygen: "Very funny
               titration."  Nutrients high, oxygen and salinity low.
               Bottle appears to have closed early, but perhaps between
               trips.  Footnote bottle did not trip as scheduled and all
               samples bad.

102 @  18db    Salinity was not listed on Sample Log Sheet, but sample was
               analyzed.  Delta-S look reasonable.

106 @ 203db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Oxygen appears high, po4 and
               no3 appear low compared with adjoining stations.  Footnote
               bottle leaking and samples bad.  ODF recommends the deletion
               of water samples.  CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 202 db point
               seems to fit CTD oxy okay, even if don't use them for
               fitting purposes."  Leave oxygen coded 4.

107 @ 250db    Sample log: "Water flows from tap w/o opening valve."
               Oxygen and salinity slightly high, po4 and no3 low, would
               not have questioned acceptability if note from Sample Log
               were not made.  Footnote bottle leaking, samples bad.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of water samples.  CTD Processor:
               "Oxygen @ 250 db point seems to fit CTD oxy okay, even if
               don't use them for fitting purposes."  Leave oxygen coded 4.

112 @ 587db    Sample Log Sheet shows salt bottle as 22, Salinity Sheet
               shows 12 which is probably correct.  Delta-S appears
               reasonable.

129 @2935db    Oxygen appears high, no analytical problems found.  Footnote
               oxygen uncertain.  Other samples appear acceptable.

STATION 027

102 @  21db    Sample log: "Leaking from bottom lid."  Samples appear to be
               acceptable.

STATION 028

101 @   2db    Sample log: "bottle not closed."  No samples drawn.

102 @  18db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples are acceptable, leave
               as is.

104 @ 107db    Oxygen and salinity appear low, nutrients appear high.
               Salinity does agree with CTD.  This combination does not
               indicate a leaky bottle.  Leave is is.

STATION 029

Cast 1         Sample log: "3 cases O2 replicates drawn from this cast."
               PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates ok."

107 @ 252db    Sample log: "bottle leaking (valve)," ODF recommends
               deletion of all samples, footnote samples bad.  Footnote
               bottle leaking.  CTD Processor: "noted point @ 252 db fits
               CTD oxy pretty closely."  Leave oxygen coded 4.

111 @ 492db    Sample log: "bottle leaking (valve)."  Salinity: " Stopped
               to deploy rosette."  Salinity low compared with CTD, suspect
               salinity analysis, rather than bottle, other samples
               acceptable.  Footnote salinity uncertain.

125 @2241db    NO3 appears .2 high. No analytical problems found.  Footnote
               no3 uncertain.

126 @2434db    Sample log: "leaking at bottom."  Samples are acceptable.

STATION 030

111 @ 514db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples are acceptable.

113 @ 690db    Sample log: "bottle not closed."  No samples drawn.

124 @2009db    Delta-S at 2009db is -0.0075, salinity is 34.624.  No
               analytical problems found, other samples are acceptable.

129 @2994db    CTD Processor: "Oxygen @ 2994 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."  Oxygen .04 high compared with adjoining stations.
               Footnote oxygen questionable.

130 @3185db    Oxygen: "PC hungup-rebooted, sample lost."  Footnote oxygen
               lost.

STATION 031

102 @  16db    PI: "O2 value low, should be deleted."  Oxygen:
               "fstartmlow."  O2 analyst indicated some kind of problem,
               footnote oxygen bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of oxygen.
               Other samples are acceptable.

105 @ 156db    Oxygen appears low, no analytical problem noted, footnote o2
               uncertain.

106 @ 206db    Oxygen: "fstart."  O2 analyst indicated some kind of
               problem, oxygen appears low.  Footnote oxygen bad.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of oxygen.  CTD Processor: "noted
               point @ 206 db doesn't seem too far off from CTD oxy."
               Based on CTD processor's comment, removed the 4 code, accept
               oxygen as is.  Oxygen did not agree with adjoining stations,
               but did agree with Station 033.

129 @3019db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Sil slightly low, but
               acceptable as are other samples.

131 @3419db    No nuts sampled, no notes indicating a problem.  Footnote
               nutrients not drawn.

132 @3630db    Oxygen appears .02 high, no analytical problem noted.
               Footnote oxygen uncertain, other samples acceptable.  CTD
               Processor: "Oxygen @ 3630 db did not seem to fit CTD
               Oxygen."

STATION 032

122 @1515db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

137 @4180db    Sample log: "O2 redrawn."  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 033

105 @ 106db    Delta-S at 105db is 0.0404, salinity is 35.667.  Comparison
               with adjoining stations shows that 104 would fit better at
               this level and 105 would fit better at 104. Leave 104 as it
               is, footnote salinity uncertain.

112 @ 507db    PI: "Oxygen probably suspect. S seems odd, O2 less so but no
               particular reason to reject O2 value from the analysis."
               ODF recommends all properties deleted (bottle leaking).
               Footnote samples bad analysis, bottle leaking.

115 @ 809db    Sample log: "O2 flask had to be reseated."  Samples appear
               to be okay.

121 @1413db    Sample log: "Air vent open."  Delta-S at 1413db is 0.0124,
               salinity is 34.551.  Compared with adjoining stations,
               salinity high, oxygen and nutrients low. Footnote bottle
               leaking, samples bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of water
               samples.

122 @1515db    Salinity: "Loose thimble."  Salinity and other samples
               appear to be okay.

125 @2022db    Oxygen high, no analytical problems noted. Footnote oxygen
               bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of oxygen.

134 @3854db    Sample log: "bottle leaking badly at bottom."  Samples
               appear to be okay.

STATION 034

101 @   2db    Oxygen: "Sample was messed up." Footnote oxygen lost.

111 @ 507db    Delta-S at 507db is 0.0251, salinity is 34.674.  Automated
               salinity analysis shows that two readings were necessary for
               second conductivity ratio. Footnote salinity uncertain.
               Oxygen appears slightly high, footnote oxygen uncertain.
               Other samples appear to be okay.  CTD Processor: "noted
               point @ 507 db fits just fine."  Removed oxygen code 3 per
               CTD Processor's comments, adjoining stations did not have
               sampling at this potemp.

112 @ 607db    Sample log: "bottle not closed."  No samples drawn.

134 @3854db    Oxygen: "Possibly some volatilization cause by delay."
               Oxygen and other samples appear to be okay.

STATION 035

118 @1107db    PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates phosphate low."  Entry
               error on po4, after correction samples appear to be okay.
               Delta-S at 1107db is 0.0339, salinity is 34.467.  Salinity
               appears to be a duplicate draw with 119. Footnote salinity
               bad. ODF recommends the deletion of salinity.

131 @3237db    Oxygen sample number entry incorrect, corrected from 34 to
               31.  Oxygen and other samples appear to be okay.

STATION 036

202 (No Pressure)
               Sample log: "Open." No samples drawn.

214 @ 608db    Delta-S at 607db is -0.0174, salinity is 34.593.  No
               salinity analytical problems noted, other samples appear to
               be okay.  Large gradient, salinity acceptable.

216 @ 809db    Oxygen: "Intercept late."  Oxygen and other samples appear
               to be okay.

219 @1112db    Oxygen: "Very small bubble in flask."  Oxygen and other
               samples appear to be okay.

222 @1415db    Oxygen: "Small bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to
               be okay.

224 @1618db    Delta-S at 1617db is 0.0455, salinity is 34.639.  Salinity
               could be drawing error with 226, other samples appear to be
               acceptable. Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recommends the
               deletion of salinity.

233 @3449db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  PI: "O2 looks very doubtful
               on S/O2 plot, but S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular
               reason to suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2
               sampling or analysis."  Based on comment from sample log and
               oxygen too high compared with adjoining stations and CTDO,
               footnote bottle leaking, oxygen bad. PO4 slightly high, but
               leave as is, other nutrients and salinity acceptable.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of oxygen.

STATION 037

107 @ 105db    Sample log: "Leaks."  Samples appear to be okay.

114 @ 496db    Sample log: "Leaks at valve."  Samples appear to be okay.

128 @2211db    Sample log: "Valve leaks."  NO3 high, re-checked nutrient
               charts, no analytical problems found. However, 125-128
               appear to be high as compared with adjoining stations.
               Footnote no3 uncertain.  Other samples appear to be okay.

133 @3233db    Sample log: "Leaks at bottom."  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 038

105 @   3db    Sample log: "No water." No samples drawn.

107 @  55db    Salt duplicate draw of 106.  Console ops: "Multiple trips
               (6)."  Will leave this level as is as per shipboard
               analysis, however suspect that 6 and 7 may have tripped at
               5's level.  Footnote salinity bad.  ODF recommends the
               deletion of salinity.

STATION 039

111 @ 155db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Oxygen low compared with
               adjoining stations, but so is 10.  Other samples appear to
               be okay, accept data as is.

123 @1112db    Sample log: "Bottom lid leaking."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

STATION 040

107 @   2db    Sample log: "Valve leaking."  Samples all appear to be okay.
               Nutrient analyst had problems with sil line.  Lost first 5
               samples.

108 @  15db    See 107 silicate comment.

109 @  55db    See 107 silicate comment.

110 @ 105db    See 107 silicate comment.

111 @ 155db    See 107 silicate comment.

112 @ 205db    See 107 silicate comment.

113 @ 255db    Oxygen appears ~.08 low compared with station profile and
               adjoining stations.  Footnote oxygen uncertain.  No notes
               indicating a problem, all other samples okay.  CTD
               Processor: "noted point @ 254 db fits CTD oxy."  Based on
               CTD Processor's comments, oxygen is acceptable.

114 @ 304db    Sample log: "Valve leaking."  Samples all appear to be okay.

115 @ 353db    Oxygen: "Intercept late."  Oxygen and other samples appear
               to be okay.

117 @ 498db    Sample log: "leaking."  Oxygen appear low, other samples
               appear to be okay.  CTD Processor: "noted point @ 498 db not
               that far off."  Based on CTD Processor's comments, oxygen
               and bottle are acceptable.

127 @1487db    Oxygen low, no comments noted to indicate analysis problem.
               Other samples appear to be okay.  Footnote oxygen bad, ODF
               recommends deletion of oxygen.  Salinity: "bottle found
               broken in case."  Footnote salinity lost.

131 @2197db    Oxygen: "Flushed thio."  Oxygen appears a little high, but
               acceptable, other samples okay.

STATION 041

130 @1820db    Sample log: "O2 redrawn."  Oxygen and other samples appear
               to be okay.

133 @2429db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 042

105 @   2db    Sample number assignment console ops vs sample log do not
               agree. Console ops shows 4-6, sample log indicates 5-7.  Use
               sample log number assignment.  All files appear to be
               numbered correctly, 5-7.

STATION 043

107 @   3db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

111 @ 154db    Sample log: "bottle open." No samples drawn.

128 @1608db    Sample log: "lanyard caught in bottom lid."  ODF recommends
               deletion of samples, footnote samples bad.  Footnote bottle
               leaking.

130 @2011db    ODF recommends deletion of samples, footnote samples bad.
               Footnote bottle leaking.  CTD Processor: "noted point @ 2010
               db fits CTD oxy pretty closely.  Leave coding as is.

STATION 044

110 @  15db    Oxygen: "O2 rig failed, sample missed." Footnote oxygen
               lost.

113 @ 154db    Sample log: "Leaker bottom."  Samples appear to be okay.

114 @ 205db    Sample log: "Leaker."  Samples appear to be okay.

140 @1313db    Sample log: "Replaced bottle 28 with 40."

129 @1414db    Oxygen: "JW ran last 7 samples while SG sampled cast."
               Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 045

106 @   2db    Sample log indicates salinity samples were drawn, however
               these salts are too low. Suppression switch set incorrectly,
               corrected values and salinities agree with CTD and adjoining
               stations.  Salinity good agreement after change.

128 @1617db    Sample log: "bottle leaking."  Sample Log indicates bottle
               28 replaced 40.  Samples appear to be okay.

STATION 046

103 @  15db    Sample log: "Salinity had to be collected opening the bottom
               lid."  Salinity agreement poor with duplicate trip bottle 2
               and CTD.  TCO2 only other sample drawn. Leave as is.

105 @ 105db    Sample log: "Failed to trip."

113 @ 206db    Sample log: "Leaks badly at bottom."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

114 @ 255db    nutrients show same water as sample 113; possible sample
               drawing error.  Delta-S at 255db is 0.1443, salinity is
               35.687.  Suspect bottle tripped with bottle 13, all
               properties except salinity and po4 indicate that water could
               be from 205db (bottle 13) or 255db (bottle 14). No other
               non-ODF samples taken.  Footnote salinity bad, po4 bad.  ODF
               recommends the deletion of salinity, po4.

117 @ 406db    Sample log: "Leaks badly at bottom."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

STATION 047

113 @ 105db    PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates all samples from 13 to 23
               have either high NO3 or low PO4 (appears like high NO3)."
               NO3 and PO4 appear to be okay, perhaps some error was
               corrected shipboard and the comment not deleted.

133 @2016db    PI: "Delete oxygen, Titration problem."  oxygen deleted; PC
               hung up during titration.  WOCE requires that samples not be
               deleted, put oxygen back in and footnote bad.

STATION 048

125 @ 801db    oxygen deleted; sunlight coming thru porthole screwing up
               U/V detector.  PI: "Delete oxygen, titration problem."  WOCE
               requires that samples not be deleted, put oxygen back in and
               footnote bad.

STATION 049

113 @   4db    Sample log: "A little leak around end cap."  Samples appear
               to be okay.

119 @ 252db    Delta-S at 252db is 0.1244, salinity is 35.764.  Salinity
               appears to have been drawn from bottle 18.  Footnote
               salinity bad.  ODF recommends the deletion of salinity.
               Other samples appear to be okay.

129 @1110db    Delta-S at 1110db is -0.0066, salinity is 34.495.  No
               analytical problems found, other samples appear to be okay.
               Footnote salinity uncertain.

130 @1212db    Nutrients: "No water in tube."  Footnote nutrients not
               drawn.

STATION 050

120 @  15db    Shipboard sample numbers assigned incorrectly.  This was
               entered as sample 19, corrected entry.  Sample were not
               suppose to be drawn from this bottle.  However, salinity was
               drawn.

121 @  55db    Oxygen: "large bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to
               be okay.

122 @ 104db    Oxygen: "medium bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to
               be okay.

123 @ 154db    Oxygen: "large bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to
               be okay.  PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates all samples
               from 23 to 31 have either high NO3 or low PO4 (appears like
               high NO3)."  Shorebased plot shows data looks good, perhaps
               a data entry error was corrected after PI's comment.

124 @ 205db    Oxygen: "no bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to be
               okay.  See 123 comment.

137 @1126db    Sample log: "Small leak at end cap."  Samples appear to be
               okay.

STATION 051

121 @   2db    Oxygen: "large bubble."  Oxygen appears ~.2 ml/l high
               compared with adjoining stations.  Other samples appear to
               be okay. Not sure if this is real or not, footnote oxygen
               uncertain and have PI double check.

122 @  13db    See 121 oxygen comment.  Oxygen: "large bubble, late
               intercept."

123 @  53db    See 121 oxygen comment.

131 @ 456db    PI: "S/O2 curve looks unusual but no particular reason to
               suspect validity of the O2 value(s) from the O2 sampling or
               analysis."  Evidently, on the ship the salinity was changed
               to reflect that salt bottle 31 was sampled from bottle 30
               and salt bottle 30 was sampled from 31. Data agrees very
               well in this sampling scenario.

STATION 052

140 @ 102db    Sample log: "End cap leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

130 @ 201db    Oxygen: "small bubble."  Oxygen and other samples appear to
               be okay.

132 @ 297db    Sample log: "End cap leaking."  Samples appear to be okay.

137 @ 547db    PI: "NO3/PO4 correlation indicates deepest sample has high
               PO4."  Footnote po4 uncertain.






C.  CALIBRATED PRESSURE-SERIES CTD DATA PROCESSING SUMMARY AND COMMENTS
    (Marie-Claude Beaupre, Mary C. Johnson/ODF CTD Group)
    September 12, 1994
 
                                                     Oceanographic Data Facility
                                             Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                                                    UC San Diego, Mail Code 0214
                                                               9500 Gilman Drive
                                                        La Jolla, CA  92093-0214
                                                          phone:  (619) 534-1906
                                                          fax:    (619) 534-7383
                                                      e-mail: marie@odf.ucsd.edu

C.1  INTRODUCTION

This document describes the CTDO data acquisition, calibration, and
other processing techniques used on WOCE92-P14C, also known as Knorr 138/7.
This WOCE leg was done on the R/V Knorr from September 1 - 15, 1992.


C.2  CTD ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING SUMMARY

52 CTD casts and several aborted or test casts were done during P14C.
An additional 16 CTD casts with no bottle data were done after the P14C
work was completed; these were only processed shipboard and are not part of
this data release.  The rosette used was an ODF-designed 36-bottle system
with a ring of twelve 10-liter bottles and 12- and 24-place General
Oceanics pylons nested inside a ring of twenty-four 10-liter bottles.  A
CTD, altimeter, pinger and transmissometer were mounted on the bottom of
the frame.  ODF CTD #1, a modified NBIS Mark III-B instrument, was used
during the leg.

The ODF CTD acquired data at a rate of 25 Hz.  The data consisted of
pressure, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, second temperature,
four CTD voltages, trip confirmation, transmissometer, altimeter and
elapsed time.

An ODF-designed deck unit demodulated the FSK CTD signal to an RS-232
interface.  The raw CTD data signal was split into three paths: to be
logged in raw digitized form, to be monitored in real time as raw data, and
to be processed and plotted.  During the P14C expedition, a Sun
SPARCstation 2 computer served as the real-time data acquisition processor.
Various Sun SPARC computers were used during post-cruise processing as
well.

The analog CTD audio signal was recorded on VHS videotape, and all
digital binary data were logged on a hard disk and then backed up to
cartridge tape.  In addition, all intermediate versions of processed data
were backed up to cartridge tape.

CTD data processing consists of a sequence of steps; some steps are
optional and used only when necessary.  Data can be re-processed from any
point in this sequence after the data have been acquired and stored.  Each
CTD cast is assigned a correction file, and while the corrections are
usually determined for groups of stations, it is possible to fine tune the
parameters for even a single station.  The acquisition and processing steps
are as follows:

o    Data are acquired from the CTD sea cable and assembled into
     consecutive .04-second frames containing all data channels.  The data
     are converted to engineering units.

o    The raw pressure, temperature and conductivity data are passed through
     broad absolute value and gradient filters  to  eliminate  noisy  data.
     The  entire  frame of raw data is omitted, as opposed to interpolating
     bad points, if any one of the filters is exceeded.  The filters may be
     adjusted as needed for each cast.

                         TYPICAL P14C RAW DATA FILTERS

              Raw Data     |         |         | Frame-to-Frame
              Channel      | Minimum | Maximum |    Gradient   
              -------------|---------|---------|---------------
              Pressure     |   -40   |  6400   |   2 decibars  
              -------------|---------|---------|---------------
              Temperature  |   -8    |  32.7   |    .2 deg.C   
              -------------|---------|---------|---------------
              Conductivity |    0    | 64.355  |    .3 mmho    
              -------------|-----------------------------------
              Oxygen       |        (no filter was used)       


o    Pressure and conductivity are phase-adjusted to match the temperature
     response, since the temperature sensor responds more slowly to change.
     Conductivity data are corrected for ceramic compressibility in
     accordance with the NBIS Mark III-B Reference Manual.

o    The data are averaged into 0.5-second blocks.  During this step, data
     falling outside four standard deviations from the mean are rejected
     and the average is recalculated.  Then data falling outside two
     standard deviations from the new mean are rejected, and the data are
     re-averaged.  The resulting averages, minus second temperature and CTD
     voltages, are reported as the 0.5-second time series.  Secondary
     temperature data are used to verify the stability of the primary
     temperature channel calibration.  Secondary temperature data are only
     filtered, averaged and reported with the time-series data when they
     are used in place of the primary temperature data due to a sensor
     malfunction.

o    Corrections are applied to the data.  The pressure data are corrected
     using laboratory calibration data.  Temperature corrections, typically a
     quadratic correction as a function of temperature, are based on
     laboratory calibrations.  Conductivity and oxygen corrections are
     derived from water sample data.  Conductivity corrections are
     typically a linear fit as a function of conductivity.  Oxygen data are
     corrected on an individual cast basis.  Uncorrected time-series 
     transmissometer data are forwarded to TAMU for final processing and 
     reporting.

The averaged data are recorded on hard disk and sent to the real-time
display system, where the data can be reported and plotted during a cast.
The averaging system also communicates with the CTD acquisition computer
for detection of bottle trips, almost always occurring during the up casts.
A 3- to 4-second average of the CTD data is stored for each detected bottle
trip.

A down-cast pressure-series data set is created from the time series
by applying a ship-roll filter to the down-cast time-series data, then
averaging the data within 2-dbar pressure intervals centered on the
reported pressure.  The first few seconds of data for each cast are
generally excluded from the averages due to sensor adjustment or bubbles
during the in-water transition.  Pressure intervals with no time-series
data can optionally be filled by double-parabolic interpolation.  When the
down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up-cast data
are used instead.  CTD data from down and up casts are not mixed together
in the pressure-series data because they do not represent identical water
columns (due to ship movement, internal waves, wire angles, etc.).

The CTD time series is always the primary  CTD  data  record  for  the
pressure,  conductivity and temperature channels.  The final corrections to
the CTD oxygen data are made by correcting pressure-series CTD oxygen  data
to  match the up-cast oxygen water samples at common isopycnals.  The final
CTDO pressure-series data are the data reported to the principal investiga-
tor and to the WHPO.

Subsequent sections of this document discuss the laboratory
calibrations, data processing and corrections for the CTD used during P14C.


C.3    CTD LABORATORY CALIBRATIONS

C.3.a  PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION

The CTD #1 pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-
controlled bath to the ODF Ruska deadweight-tester (DWT) pressure
standards.  The mechanical hysteresis loading and unloading curves were
measured both pre- and post-cruise at cold temperature (-2.0 to -1.4
degrees C bath) to a maximum of 8830 psi, and at warm temperature (29.1 to
30.0 degrees C bath) to a maximum of 2030/4030 psi pre-/post-cruise.  The
CTD #1 post-cruise testing included an additional calibration to 4030 psi
in a 10.3 degrees C bath.

In addition to testing the CTD pressure response to increases in
pressure at stable temperatures (mechanical hysteresis), CTD pressure
sensor sensitivity to temperature change was checked by thermal shock
tests.  The CTD was subjected to a step change in temperature from warm air
to cold water bath at stable pressure in the laboratory, then the CTD
pressure and temperature were measured over a period of at least 1 hour.
The thermal shock response was also checked in the opposite direction, cold
bath to warm bath; that response was roughly mirror-image to the warm-to-
cold response.

Thermal shock tests for CTD #1 were done from warm air to cold water
bath, and later from cold bath to warm air, during the post-cruise
calibration.  Further testing was done in Oct.93 to get a better cold-to-
warm response check by going from cold bath to warm bath; the air was too
unstable to get a proper check in the May 93 attempt.

CTD #1 pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations are summarized in
Figures 1 and 2.

C.3.b  PRT TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION

Both CTD #1 PRT temperature transducers were calibrated in a
temperature-controlled bath.  CTD temperatures were compared with
temperatures calculated from the resistance of a standard platinum
resistance thermometer (SPRT) as measured by a NBIS ATB-1250 resistance
bridge.  The ultimate temperature standards at ODF are water and diphenyl
ether triple-point cells and a gallium cell.  Six or more calibration
temperatures, spaced across the range of -2.0 to 30.1 degrees C, were
measured both pre- and post-cruise.

CTD #1 pre- and post-cruise temperature calibrations, referenced to
the ITS-90 standard, are summarized in Figure 3.  Calibration coefficients
are converted to the IPTS-68 standard: CTD temperature data are corrected
to the IPTS-68 standard because calculated parameters, including salinity
and density, are currently defined in terms of that standard only.  After
all data are finalized, IPTS-68 data are converted back to the ITS-90
standard as desired via multiplication by a constant factor.



C.4    CTD DATA PROCESSING

C.4.a  PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND CONDUCTIVITY/SALINITY CORRECTIONS

A maximum of 36 salinity and oxygen check samples were collected
during each CTD cast.  Thermometric pressure and temperature data were also
measured at 1 level during 26 casts on P14C.

A 3- to 4-second average of the CTD time-series data was calculated
for each sample.  The resulting data were then used to verify the pre- and
post-cruise temperature calibrations, and to derive CTD
conductivity/salinity and oxygen corrections.

The following chart clarifies which sensors/winches were used for each
cast:

                   P14C CTD/WINCH CONFIGURATION SUMMARY

             Station(s) | CTD@ | TAMU | Oxygen |   Winch   
                        | ID#  |      | Sensor |           
             -----------|------|------|--------|-----------
                1-19    |      |      |        |           
               28-45    |  1a  |      |        |           
               52-64    |      |      |        |           
             -----------|------|      |        |           
               21-27    |  1b  |  X   |   A    | A.Johnson 
               65-68    |      |      |        |           
             -----------|------|      |        |           
                 20     |  1c  |      |        |           
               46-51    |      |      |        |           
             ----------------------------------------------
             @ ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers appear below:


           CTD |          |    Temperature     |             
           ID# | Pressure | PRT-1 |   PRT-2    | Conductivity
           ----|----------|-------|------------|-------------
           1a  |          |       | FSI-T1319  |             
           ----|          |       |------------|             
           1b  |  131910  | 14304 | FSI-T1320  |  5902-F117  
           ----|          |       |------------|             
           1c  |          |       | FSI-Press@ |             
           --------------------------------------------------
           @ NOTE: Occasionally, an FSI pressure sensor was tested
                      in the second-temperature slot

C.4.a.1  CTD #1 PRESSURE CORRECTIONS

CTD #1 pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations, Figures 1a and 1b,
were compared.  The warm/shallow and cold/deep calibration curves both
shifted at the surface by about 2.5 to 3 decibars from pre- to post-cruise.
The cold/deep pressure calibration curves had similar slopes in the top
2400 decibars, then diverged an additional 2 decibars between 2400 and 6100
decibars.  The post-cruise cold/upcast curve was 1 decibar closer to the
downcast than pre-cruise.  The warm/shallow slope was less steep post-
cruise, and the surface points were .5 decibar further from the cold curve
than they were during the pre-cruise calibration.  The post-cruise downcast
pressure calibrations had similar slopes at all 3 temperatures, whereas the
pre-cruise warm calibration curve was steeper than the cold.

Because of the pre- and post-cruise slope inconsistencies, laboratory
calibrations from Dec.91, May 92 and Oct.93 were also examined for trends
over time.  The cold/deep correction curve slopes have gone more more
negative and the warm/cold surface offsets have drifted apart with time.
Only the Aug.92/pre-cruise calibration contradicts these trends; the May
93/post-cruise pressure calibrations are much more consistent with the
history of the instrument.  The post-cruise pressure calibrations were used
to correct the CTD #1 station data, with an additional offset applied to
account for the shift in the calibration curves over time.  No slope change
was applied to the May 93 data, since there was less than a 1 decibar in
6000 decibars slope change between May 92 and May 93 laboratory
calibrations.

The additional offset to the pressure calibration was determined by
examining raw CTD pressure vs temperature data from the laboratory
temperature calibrations and comparable shipboard data.  Raw CTD pressure
vs temperature data from just before the CTD entered the water on each cast
were tabulated.  The CTD readings were fairly stable, with atmospheric
pressures and stable ambient temperatures around the CTD for 30 or more
minutes prior to each cast, similar to conditions during the laboratory
calibrations.  The post-cruise/May 93 pressure calibration curves were
shifted by the +3.0-decibar average difference between the laboratory and
cast data; the resulting data, Figure 1c, were used to correct P14C CTD #1
pressure data.

Post-cruise warm-to-cold thermal shock data, Figure 2a, were fit to
determine the time constants and temperature coefficients which model the
pressure response to rapid temperature change.  May 91 and May 93/post-
cruise data were compared: the results were similar in magnitude and
response time.  A thermal shock test from cold to warm water baths was done
in Oct.93, Figure 2b.  The results were similar in magnitude but mirror-
image to the warm-to-cold shock tests from May 93.  The May 93 time
constants and temperature coefficients, listed in the table at the end of
this section, were used to correct the P14C CTD #1 pressure data.  The
thermal response pressure correction applied to upcasts used a modification
of the downcast correction to achieve the mirror-image effect seen in the
laboratory.

Thermometric pressures were measured at 1 deep point on each of 26
casts.  The only shift observed in thermometric/CTD pressure differences
could be attributed to a change in the DSRTs used to measure the
thermometric values.

The shifted May 93/post-cruise calibration curve, Figure 1c, was used
in conjunction with the May 93 thermal shock results, Figure 2a, to correct
the pressure for all P14C CTD #1 casts.  Any residual offset was
compensated for automatically at each station: as the CTD entered the
water, the corrected pressure was adjusted to 0.

              THERMAL RESPONSE COEFFICIENTS FOR CTD PRESSURE@

      |   Short Time    | Temp. Coeff. |    Long Time    | Temp. Coeff.
  CTD | Constant (secs) |   for Tau1   | Constant (secs) |   for Tau2  
  ID# |      Tau1       |      k1      |      Tau2       |      k2     
  ----|-----------------|--------------|-----------------|-------------
   1  |     82.1826     |  +0.306253   |     384.176     |   -0.26423  

C.4.a.2  CTD #1 TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS

CTD #1 had two temperature sensors: PRT-1, a Rosemount sensor, was
calibrated pre- and post-cruise; PRT-2 was an interchangeable FSI sensor.
Different FSI sensors were installed in CTD #1 during the pre- and post-
cruise calibrations; both FSI sensors underwent repairs between the
calibrations.

PRT-2 was used to monitor any PRT-1 drift during the cruise.  Data
from either PRT-2 sensor, when working properly, gave consistent
differences when compared to PRT-1 data.  Thermometric temperatures were
measured during 26 casts to further check for shifts in PRT-1.  No changes
were noted during the leg.

A comparison of the pre- and post-cruise laboratory CTD #1 PRT-1
temperature transducer calibrations, Figures 3a and 3b, showed two curves
with nearly identical slopes and a +.001 deg.C shift in the temperature
correction over the range of 0 to 32 deg.C.  An average of the two
laboratory calibrations was calculated by averaging the coefficients of the
pre- and post-cruise temperature correction curve fits.  The corrections
were converted to the IPTS-68 standard and then applied to the CTD #1
temperature data.

C.4.a.3  CTD CONDUCTIVITY CORRECTIONS

In order to calibrate CTD conductivity, check-sample conductivities
were calculated from the bottle salinities using CTD pressures and
temperatures.  For each cast, the differences between sample and CTD
conductivities at all pressures were fit to CTD conductivity using a linear
least-squares fit.  Values greater than 2 standard deviations from the fits
were rejected.  The resulting conductivity correction slopes were plotted
as a function of station number.  The conductivity slopes were grouped by
stations, based on common PRT and conductivity sensor combinations, and
then fit as a function of station number to generate smoothed slopes for
each group.  These smoothed slopes were either averages of the slopes in
the station group (0-order) or changing by a fixed amount from station to
station (1st-order as a function of station number).

Conductivity differences were then calculated for each cast after
applying the preliminary conductivity slope corrections.  Residual
conductivity offsets were computed for each cast and fit to station number.
Smoothed offsets were determined by groups as above, based on common PRT
and conductivity sensor combinations.  The resulting smoothed offsets were
then applied to the data.  Conductivity slope as a function of conductivity
was re-checked to ensure that no residual slope remained.

CTD #1

CTD #1 conductivity slopes were stable throughout P14C, dropping
gradually from the first to the last station.  A smoothly shifting
conductivity slope as a function of station number was applied to the P14C
casts, changing a total of -.00033 between stations 1 and 52.

Residual CTD #1 conductivity offset values were calculated after
applying the conductivity slopes.  Conductivity offsets were fit as a
function of station number, then the smoothed 1st-order offsets were
applied to CTD conductivities for stations 1 to 44.  The conductivity
sensor was cleaned after station 44, causing a shift in the offset
beginning station 45.  An average of the conductivity offsets for the
deeper stations 45-49 was applied through station 52.

Some offsets were manually adjusted to account for discontinuous
shifts in the conductivity transducer response, or to insure a consistent
deep T-S relationship from station to station.

Plots of the final/adjusted P14C conductivity slopes and offsets for
CTD #1 can be found in Figures 4a and 4b.

C.4.c  BOTTLE vs. CTD CONDUCTIVITY STATISTICAL SUMMARY

The P14C calibrated bottle-minus-CTD conductivity statistics include
salinity values with quality 3 or 4.  There is approximately a 1:1
correspondence between conductivity and salinity residual differences.
Plots of the differences at all pressures and at pressures below 1500
decibars are shown in Figures 5a and 5b.

The following statistical results were generated from the final bottle
data set and the corrected up-cast CTD data:

               P14C FINAL BOTTLE-CTD CONDUCTIVITY STATISTICS

           pressure     | mean conductivity | standard  |        
             range      |    difference     | deviation | #values
          (decibars)    | (bottle-CTD mmho) |  (mmho)   | in mean
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        all pressures   |    -0.000450@@    | 0.036867  |  1506  
        allp (4,2rej) @ |     0.000241      | 0.003340  |  1467  
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        press < 1500    |    -0.000887      | 0.045669  |   980  
        p<1500(4,2rej)@ |     0.000283      | 0.004775  |   957  
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        press > 1500    |     0.000363@@    | 0.002462  |   526  
        p>1500(4,2rej)@ |     0.000133      | 0.000719  |   496  
        ---------------------------------------------------------
       @ "4,2rej" means a 4,2 standard-deviation rejection filter was
         applied to the differences before generating the results.
      @@ Plots of these differences can be found in Figures 5a and 5b.


C.4.d    CTD DISSOLVED OXYGEN DATA

C.4.d.1  CTD OXYGEN CORRECTIONS

Dissolved oxygen data were acquired using a single Sensormedics dissolved oxygen 
sensor for the entire leg.

CTD oxygen data are corrected after pressure, temperature and
conductivity corrections have been determined.  CTD raw oxygen currents
were extracted from the pressure-series data at isopycnals corresponding to
the up-cast check samples.  All the pressure-series data were from the down
casts, where oxygen data are usually smoother than up-cast data because of
the more constant lowering rate, avoiding the flow-dependence problems
occurring at up-cast bottle stops.  However, the P14C CTD oxygen data were
affected with flow-dependence problems, down or up cast, each time a cast
was stopped.  There can also be flow-dependence problems if a cast is
slowed down, as often happens during bottom approaches.

The CTD oxygen correction coefficients were determined by applying a
modified Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting procedure to
residual differences between CTD and bottle oxygen values.  Bottle oxygen
values were weighted as required to optimize the fitting of CTD oxygen to
discrete bottle samples.  Some bottle levels were omitted from a fit
because of large pressure differences between down- and up-cast CTD data at
isopycnals.  Deep data points were often weighted more heavily than
shallower data due to the higher density of shallow sampling on a typical
36-bottle sampling scheme.

The P14C surface oxygen data fitting was adversely affected by the
typical going-in-water bubbles/noise, making it difficult to fit CTD
oxygens to the bottle data in the surface mixed layer of many casts.  The
value of data above the second check sample should be very carefully
considered.

C.4.d.2  BOTTLE vs. CTD OXYGEN STATISTICAL SUMMARY

CTD oxygens were generated by fitting up cast oxygen bottle data to
down cast CTD raw oxygen current measurements along isopycnals.  Residual
oxygen differences from these fits (up cast bottle oxygens vs corrected
down cast CTD oxygens), including oxygen values with quality code 3 or 4,
are shown in the table below:

                  P14C FINAL BOTTLE-CTD OXYGEN STATISTICS

           pressure     |    mean oxygen    | standard  |        
             range      |    difference     | deviation | #values
          (decibars)    | (bottle-CTD ml/l) |  (ml/l)   | in mean
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        all pressures   |     0.00558@@     |  0.10238  |  1508  
        allp (4,2rej) @ |     0.00565       |  0.03677  |  1412  
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        press < 1500    |     0.00789       |  0.12637  |   979  
        p<1500(4,2rej)@ |     0.00837       |  0.05171  |   919  
        ----------------|-------------------|-----------|--------
        press > 1500    |     0.00131@@     |  0.01768  |   529  
        p>1500(4,2rej)@ |     0.00077       |  0.01456  |   503  
        ---------------------------------------------------------
      @ "4,2rej" means a 4,2 standard-deviation rejection filter was
        applied to the differences before generating the results.
     @@ Plots of these differences can be found in Figures 6a and 6b.


C.4.e  ADDITIONAL PROCESSING

A software filter was used on 16 casts to remove conductivity and/or
temperature spiking problems in about 0.078% of the time-series data
frames.  Pressure did not require filtering.

Oxygen spikes were filtered out of 50 casts.  The filtered oxygen
levels affected approximately .965% of the time-series data frames.  33.75%
of the filtered oxygen data were shallower than 100 dbars and could
possibly be directly related to bubbles trapped during the going-in-water
transition.

The remaining density inversions in high-gradient regions cannot be
accounted for by a mis-match of pressure, temperature and conductivity
sensor response.  Detailed examination of the raw data shows significant
mixing occurring in these areas because of ship roll.  The ship-roll filter
resulted in a reduction in the amount and size of density inversions.

After filtering, the down cast portion of each time-series was
pressure-sequenced into 2-decibar pressure intervals.  A ship-roll filter
was applied to each cast during pressure sequencing to disallow pressure
reversals.

C.4.f  GENERAL COMMENTS/PROBLEMS

There is one pressure-sequenced CTD data set, to near the ocean floor,
for each of 52 casts at 52 station locations.  There was one additional
equipment test cast, plus two casts aborted because of winch and/or CTD
problems; these were neither processed nor reported.  Another CTD cast was
done immediately after any aborted cast at the same location.  After the
WOCE92-P14C work was completed, there were an additional 16 casts done for
CTD data only and with no water samples collected (stations 53-68).  These
casts are not reported in this distribution as they are not part of the
WOCE line.

The data reported are all from down casts.

The 0-2 decibar level(s) of some casts were extrapolated using a
quadratic fit through the next three deeper levels.  Recorded surface
values were rejected only when it appeared that the drift was caused by
sensors adjusting to the in-water transition; if there was any question
that the surface values might be real, the original data was reported.
Extrapolated surface levels are identified by a count of "1" in the "Number
of Raw Frames in Average" reported with each data record on the tapes.

Four time-series data sets had areas of missing data.  Data for the
2-decibar pressure levels which would have had missing data were
interpolated.  The pressures for these interpolated data frames as well as
other cast-by-cast shipboard or processing comments are listed in the "CTD
Shipboard and Processing Comments" in Appendix D.  All interpolated data
levels have a count of "1" in the "Number of Raw Frames in Average" column
in the data files.

The CTD oxygen sensor often requires several seconds in the water
before being wet enough to respond properly; this is manifested as low or
high CTD oxygen values at the start of some casts.  Flow-dependence
problems occur when the lowering rate varies, or when the CTD is stopped
and/or slowed, as during bottom approaches, at the cast bottom, or at
bottle trips, where depletion of oxygen at the sensor causes lower oxygen
readings.  Significant delays and yoyos during the casts are documented in
Appendix D.


D.   DATA QUALITY EVALUATION
  
D.1  DQ EVALUATION OF WOCE P14C HYDROGRAPHIC DATA  
     (Arnold Mantyla)
     1999 SEP 14

WOCE line P14C ran from New Zealand's North Island northward through the South 
Fiji Basin to Suva, Fiji. The deeper waters of the basin are quite uniform in 
characteristics and provided a good test on the station to station analytical 
consistency, which overall was quite good. The shallower parts of the station 
profiles should be more interesting, with intermediate depth waters crossing the 
section westward and the surface layers crossing eastward as part of the 
subtropical gyre. 

A 36 place rosette was used, although the full complement of bottles was not 
always needed because all of the casts were shallower than 4500m. There were a 
number of mis-fires, leakers and other trip problems that presaged the more 
frequent trip problems on later legs of this Knorr voyage; but all of the 
planned stations had reasonably complete profiles on this leg. The only other 
WOCE line to cross this one was WOCE P06. The crossing comparisons were fairly 
good, but the P06 deep salinities looked a little smoother than the P14C 
station, while the oxygen profiles were smoother on P14C. Deep silicates 
differed by about 3um, as has been true of other cruise crossings analyzed 
separately by SIO and OSU, with OSU being the lower one due to differences in 
the way the standardization calibrations are handled. WOCE silicate data could 
be improved if the data were recalculated in a consistent manner. The P06 
crossing was at P14C station 17, the latter station deep salinities were 
somewhat noisier than most of the rest of the cruise, so the P06/P14C salinity 
comparison may not be representative of the rest of the cruise.

Standard Seawater Batch P120, used on this cruise was only about  4 months old. 
From other data on P120 changes with age, the salinity data on this cruise 
should be correct to less than .001 in salinity bias from the use of this SSW 
standard. The near surface CTD oxygen values assigned to the bottle trip data 
are often quite poor. They are from the down cast, and the initial start down 
CTD O2's frequently are not very reliable, so I have flagged the poorer ones as 
"uncertain".

This cruise has been checked over very carefully by the originators, and I did 
not find it necessary to change very many of the data quality flags. However, I 
believe two codes were often misused: the "bad" code for data that was merely 
suspicious and should have been flagged only as "uncertain"; and the 
contradictory codes "did not trip correctly" on the bottle numbers with "data 
ok" on the water sample. For the most part, the "bad" codes were left as is. In 
the other case, the problem usually starts with an initial bottle hang-up or 
late trip on one bottle, causing the remaining trips to be offset from their 
initial planned trip depths. However, those bottles do trip correctly, and once 
the CTD info has been unscrambled, there should not be any codes left to cast 
doubt on the quality of the data. I recommend the "4" codes on the bottles on 
stations 9, 17, and 20 be changed to "2" to be compatible with the water sample 
quality code. Otherwise, a data user that sees a code that means the bottle did 
not trip correctly is apt to conclude that the water samples must be doubtful 
also. 

The deep nitrates on station 11, 12, 18, and 20 appear to be systematically low 
compared to adjacent stations and the rest of the cruise profiles. I suggest the 
data originators take another look at the standard factors to see if the data 
can be improved. These sorts of offsets often happen when a new cadmium 
reduction column is used. If no error can be found, I recommend that the 
nitrates be flagged "uncertain" below 1500m for those 4 stations. 

The following are some additional problems that should be looked into: 

STATION 9 -  The top 5 bottles are flagged "did not trip correctly", and there 
             are no data listed at all at the probable planned depths of 250 and 
             300db. The water samples are ok as listed, so the bottle codes 
             should be changed to ok also. Also, it would be useful to list the 
             original CTD trip information at 250 and 300db, with an artificial 
             bottle number.

STATION 16 - All of the salinities are low compared to the CTD and adjacent 
             stations. The original salinometer values should be re-examined, 
             standard dial settings consistent with other stations, or excessive 
             apparent (wrong) drift? If no problem found, I would tend to let it 
             go as is.

STATION 21 - Most of the silicates have been flagged bad due to an analytical 
             problem. The analyst noted an absorbance jump of .085 between the 
             first and second sample. I would try to salvage the data by adding 
             .085 to the first sample absorbance and the beginning baseline and 
             re-calculate the data. If the recalculated data agree well with the 
             adjacent stations, they can then be accepted as ok.

STATION 23 - A clear sampling error has occurred at 808 and 909db. Only one 
             salinity was collected, it is listed at 808db, but is clearly from 
             909db. Since the CTD verifies the correct position, I see no reason 
             why the sampling error can't be corrected.
            
STATION 29 - The deep silicates appear to be a few units higher than the 
             adjacent stations. I suggest the calculations be re-checked. The 
             phosphates appear to be a little high also, they should be re-
             checked.


D.2  CTD DATA CONSISTENCY EVALUATION
     (WHPO Staff)
     2002 FEB 21

The WHP-Exchange format bottle and/or CTD data from this cruise have been
examined by a computer application for contents and consistency. The
parameters found for the files are listed, a check is made to see if all
CTD files for this cruise contain the same CTD parameters, a check is made
to see if there is a one-to-one correspondence between bottle station
numbers and CTD station numbers, a check is made to see that pressures
increase through each file for each station, and a check is made to locate
multiple casts for the same station number in the bottle data. Results of
those checks are reported in this '_check.txt' file.

When both bottle and CTD data are available, the CTD salinity data (and, if
available, CTD oxygen data) reported in the bottle data file are subtracted
from the corresponding bottle data and the differences are plotted for the
entire cruise. Those plots are the' _sal.ps' and '_oxy.ps' files.

Following parameters found for bottle file:
                         
                         EXPOCODE      | OXYGEN_FLAG_W
                         SECT_ID       | SI LCAT
                         STNNBR        | SILCAT_FLAG_W
                         CASTNO        | NITRAT
                         SAMPNO        | NITRAT_FLAG_W
                         BTLNBR        | NITRIT
                         BTLNBR_FLAG_W | NITRIT_FLAG_W
                         DATE          | PHSPHT
                         TIME          | PHSPHT_FLAG_W
                         LATITUDE      | CFC-11
                         LONGITUDE     | CFC-11_FLAG_W
                         DEPTH         | CFC-12
                         CTDPRS        | CFC-12_FLAG_W
                         CTDTMP        | TRITUM
                         CTDSAL        | TRITUM_FLAG_W
                         CTDSAL_FLAG_W | DELC14
                         SALNTY        | DELC14_FLAG_W
                         SALNTY_FLAG_W | DELC13
                         CTDOXY        | DELC13_FLAG_W
                         CTDOXY_FLAG_W | C14ERR
                         OXYGEN        | THETA

* All ctd parameters match the parameters in the reference station.
* All stations correspond among all given files.
* No bottle pressure inversions found.
* Bottle file pressures are increasing.
* No multiple casts found in bottle data.


D.3  FINAL CFC DATA QUALITY EVALUATION (DQE) COMMENTS ON P14C.
     (David Wisegarver)
     Dec 2000
 
During the initial DQE review of the CFC data, a small number of samples were 
given QUALT2 flags which differed from the initial QUALT1 flags assigned by the 
PI. After discussion, the PI concurred with the DQE assigned flags and updated 
the QUAL1 flags for these samples.

The CFC concentrations have been adjusted to the SIO98 calibration Scale (Prinn 
et al. 2000) so that all of the Pacific WOCE CFC data will be on a common 
calibration scale.

For further information, comments or questions, please, contact the CFC PI for 
this section (mwarner@ocean.washington.edu) or David Wisegarver 
(wise@pmel.noaa.gov).

Additional information on WOCE CFC synthesis may be available at: 
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/cfc.

*******************************************************************************
Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, 
   F. N. Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, R. H. J. Wang, 
   D. E. Hartley, C. Harth, L. P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P. M. Midgley, and 
   A. McCulloch, "A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air 
   deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE." Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17,751-
   17,792, 2000.
*******************************************************************************



D.4  FINAL REPORT FOR AMS 14C SAMPLES
     (Robert M. Key)
     November 10, 1997

D.4.1.0 General Information WOCE cruise P14C was s carried out aboard the R/V 
Knorr in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The WHPO designation for this cruise 
was 316N138/7. Dean Roemmich was the chief scientist. The cruise departed 
Auckland, New Zealand on September 1, 1992 and ended on Sep-tember 15, 1992 at 
Suva, Fiji. The cruise made a meridional section along 175°E from approxi-mately 
36°S to 18°S. The reader is referred to cruise documentation provided by the 
chief scientists as the primary source for cruise information. This report 
covers details of the small vol-ume radiocarbon samples. The AMS station 
locations are summarized in Table 1 and shown in Figure 1. A total of 273 D 14C 
samples were collected at 12 stations.


Table 1: AMS Station Locations

                                                         Bottom
             Station |  Date   | Latitude | Longitude | Depth (m)
             --------|---------|----------|-----------|----------
                5    | 9/01/92 | -34.825  |  175.187  |   1430
                8    | 9/02/92 | -33.702  | 175.382   |   2363
               12    | 9/03/92 | -32.180  | 175.638   |   3916
               15    | 9/03/92 | -30.882  | 175.858   |   4139
               18    | 9/04/92 | -29.572  | 176.082   |   4277
               21    | 9/05/92 | -28.277  | 176.300   |   4473
               24    | 9/06/92 | -26.973  | 176.522   |   4401
               27    | 9/06/92 | -25.670  | 176.740   |   4448
               30    | 9/07/92 | -24.365  | 176.955   |   4447
               33    | 9/08/92 | -23.065  | 177.183   |   4334
               37    | 9/09/92 | -21.422  | 177.463   |   3793
               47    | 9/11/92 | -19.050  | 177.643   |   2570

D.4.2.0 PERSONNEL

14C sampling for this cruise was carried out by T. Zahn from the Ocean Tracer 
Lab at Prin-ceton University. 14C analyses were performed at the National Ocean 
Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 
Salinity, oxygen and nutrients were analyzed by Scripps ODF. R. Key collected 
the data from the originators, merged the files, assigned quality control flags 
to the 14C results and submitted the data files to the WOCE office (11/97). R. 
Key is P.I. for the 14C data.

D.4.3.0  RESULTS

This 14C data set and any changes or additions supersedes any prior release.

D.4.3.1  HYDROGRAPHY

Hydrography from this leg has been submitted to the WOCE office by the chief 
scientist and described in the hydrographic report.

D.4.3.2  14C

The D 14C values reported here were originally distributed in a data reports 
(NOSAMS, July 28, 1997). That report included preliminary results which had not 
been through the WOCE quality control procedures.

All of the AMS samples from this cruise have been measured. Replicate 
measurements were made on 9 water samples.  These replicate analyses are 
tabulated in Table 2. The table shows the error weighted mean and uncertainty 
for each set of replicates. Uncertainty is defined here as the larger of the 
standard deviation and the error weighted standard deviation of the mean. For 
these replicates, the simple average of the normal standard deviations for the 
replicates is 3.6” (equal weighting for each replicate set). This precision is 
typical for the time frame over which these samples were measured (Dec. 1996 - 
Mar. 1997). Note that the errors given for individual measurements in the final 
data report (with the exception of the replicates) include only counting errors, 
and errors due to blanks and backgrounds. The uncertainty obtained for replicate 
analyses is an estimate of the true error which includes errors due to sample 
collection, sample degassing, etc. For a detailed discussion of this see Key 
(1996). Note that for stations 33 and 37 the reported errors were tripled by the 
PI to account for a problem with the sample collection (see next section).

Table 2: Summary of Replicate Analyses

          Sta-Cast-Bottle |  D 14C | Err | E.W.Mean a | Uncertainty b
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|-------------
              8-1-28      | -106.1 | 2.7 |    106.7   |     1.9
                          | -107.1 | 2.6 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             18-1-16      |  -79.3 | 3.1 |    -77.1   |     3.7
                          |  -74.1 | 3.6 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             18-1-33      | -212.4 | 2.7 |   -215.4   |     4.4
                          | -218.7 | 2.8 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
              21-1-1      |  113.6 | 4.2 |    113.8   |     2.4
                          |  113.9 | 2.9 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             24-1-11      |   13.3 | 3.1 |     11.4   |     3.3
                          |    8.6 | 3.8 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             24-1-16      | -105.1 | 4.3 |   -111.7   |     6.4
                          | -114.2 | 2.6 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             24-1-20      | -162.8 | 2.7 |   -161.3   |     3.8
                          | -157.5 | 4.3 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             33-1-34      | -195.5 | 1.9 |   -197.4   |     5.8
                          | -203.7 | 3.6 |            |
          ----------------|--------|-----|------------|--------------
             47-1-21      |  -36.9 | 3.1 |    -40.2   |     4.4
                          |  -43.1 | 2.9 |            |

          a. Error weighted mean reported with data set
          b. Larger of the standard deviation and the error weighted 
             standard deviation of the mean.


D.4.4.0  QUALITY CONTROL FLAG ASSIGNMENT

Quality flag values were assigned to all D 14C measurements using the code 
defined in Table 0.2 of WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1 Rev. 2 section 4.5.2. 
(Joyce, et al., 1994). Measure-ment flags values of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been 
assigned. The choice between values 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) 
involves some interpretation. There is no overlap between this data set and any 
existing 14C data, so that type of comparison was not possible. In general the 
lack of other data for comparison led to a more lenient grading on the 14C data.

When using this data set for scientific application, any 14C datum which is 
flagged with a "3" should be carefully considered. My subjective opinion is that 
any datum flagged "4" should be disregarded. When flagging 14C data, the 
measurement error was taken into consideration. That is, approximately one-third 
of the 14C measurements are expected to deviate from the true value by more than 
the measurement precision (~3.6”). No measured values have been removed from 
this data set, therefore a flag value of 5 implies that the sample was totally 
lost somewhere between collection and analysis. Table 3 summarizes the quality 
control flags assigned to this data set. For a detailed description of the 
flagging procedure see Key, et al. (1996).

Table 3: Summary of Assigned Quality Control Flags

                           Flag | Number
                           -----|-------
                              2 | 234
                              3 | 22
                              4 | 3
                              5 | 5
                              6 | 9

NOSAMS personnel noted that the quality of the results from stations 33 and 37 
was sig-nificantly lower than normal. The problem was not analytical, therefore 
the scatter was assumed to be due to a problem with either collection or 
poisoning. Mercury concentration for most of the samples from these stations was 
found to be low. Rather than omit these results or simply flag them all as bad, 
the results were carefully checked, with several being marked "questionable" 
then the reported errors were tripled. While these data are clearly not up to 
normal WOCE standards, I felt that the data were "better than nothing". By 
substantially increasing the reported errors, the weight of these data relative 
to other measurements can be decreased - caveat emptor.

D.4.5.0 DATA SUMMARY 

Figures 2-5 summarize the D 14C data collected on this leg. Only D 14C 
measurements with a quality flag value of 2 ("good") or 6 ("replicate") are 
included in each figure. Figure 2 shows the D 14C values with 2s error bars 
plotted as a function of pressure. The mid depth D 14C minimum which normally 
occurs around 2200 to 2400 meters in the Pacific is totally absent in this data 
set. Figure 3 shows the D 14C values plotted against silicate.The straight line 
shown in the figure is the least squares regression relationship derived by 
Broecker et al. (1995) based on the GEOSECS global data set. According to their 
analysis, this line (D 14C = -70 - Si) represents the relationship between 
naturally occurring radiocarbon and silicate for most of the ocean. They 
interpret devia-tions in D 14C above this line to be due to input of bomb-
produced radiocarbon, however, they note that the interpretation can be 
problematic at high latitudes. Samples collected from shallower depths at these 
stations show an upward curving trend with decreasing silicate values reflecting 
the addition of bomb produced 14C. The D 14C values for the silicate 
concentration range 50-120 mmol/kg generally fall somewhat below Broecker's 
global trend. With most of the Pacific data sets, the silicate - D 14C trend 
doubles back on itself with the deep and bottom water values having a somewhat 
steeper slope than the waters from the thermocline (down to approximately 
2500m). This doubling back is totally absent from the P14C data primarily 
because the deep and bottom waters sampled on this cruise are from a basin which 
is topographically isolated from open Pacific bottom waters.

Another way to visualize the 14C - silicate correlation is as a section. Figure 
4 shows D 14C as contour lines in silicate - latitude space for samples 
collected at depths between 500 and 2500 meters. In this space, shallow waters 
are toward the bottom of the figure. The 500 meter cutoff was selected to 
eliminate those samples having a very large bomb produced 14C component. The 
2500 meter cutoff was selected because this is the approximate topographic sill 
for the basin. For reference the 1000 meter depth contour is also shown (heavy 
line). For this data set, Broecker's hypothesis works reasonably well. The D 14C 
isolines are approximately horizontal and the spacing of the isolines for 
contours which fall below the depth of bomb-radiocarbon contamination are more 
or less equal. Some of the non linearity in the isolines is due to the data 
quality for stations 33 and 37. The presence of bomb produced radiocarbon in the 
shallower waters is indicated by the close spacing of the isolines for these 
waters.

Figure 5 compares the surface D 14C values for P14C to those from the Pacific 
GEOSECS data set in the same general area. throughout this latitude range, the 
WOCE measurements are lower than GEOSECS, but the difference is not nearly so 
great as is seen for the North Pacific. The hemispheric difference is due to the 
fact that most of the atmospheric nuclear tests were in the northern hemisphere.

Figure 6 shows contoured sections of the D 14C distribution along the cruise 
track. The "A" portion shows the upper kilometer of the section and "B" the 
remainder of the water column. The data were gridded using the "loess" methods 
described in Chambers et al. (1983), Chambers and Hastie (1991), Cleveland 
(1979) and Cleveland and Devlin (1988). Figure 7 shows the same data as Figure 
6A except the section is plotted in potential density (s q ) - latitude space. 
For this section, the maximum D 14C concentration was found at or very near the 
surface. The most interesting feature is the wedge of relatively young water in 
the deep center portion of Figure 6B. The same sort of structure is present in 
silicate and is assumed to be due to leakage through topography.

Figure 1: AMS 14C station locations for WOCE P14C (map by GMT).
Figure 2: D 14C results for P14C stations shown with 2s error bars.  Only those 
          measurements having a quality control flag value of 2 or 6 are 
          plotted.
Figure 3: D 14C as a function of silicate for P14C AMS samples. The straight 
          line shows the relationship proposed by Broecker, et al., 1995 (D 14C 
          = -70 - Si with radiocarbon in ” and silicate in mmol/kg).
Figure 4: Section of14C contours along latitude in silicate space for the 500-
          2500m depth range. Note that for this section, "shallow" is toward the 
          bottom. The 1000m depth contour is added for orientation (heavy line).

Figure 5: Surface distribution of14C along WOCE section P14C. For comparison the 
          GEOSECS data from the southwestern PaciÞc are also plotted.

Figure 6: 14C sections for WOCE P14C along 176E. The section in shown in two 
          parts to allow more detail. See text for gridding method. The bottom 
          topography in B is taken from cruise data, but only using those 
          stations on which14C was measured.

Figure 7: 14C along WOCE section P14C plotted in potential density(sigma-sub-
          theta) - latitude space.

D.4.5.1 REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

Broecker, W.S., S. Sutherland and W. Smethie, Oceanic radiocarbon: Separation of 
    the natural and bomb components, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(2), 263-
    288, 1995.
Chambers, J.M. and Hastie, T.J., 1991, Statistical Models in S, Wadsworth & 
    Brooks, Cole Computer Science Series, Pacific Grove, CA, 608pp.
Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, B., and Tukey, P.A., 1983, Graphical 
    Methods for Data Analysis, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Cleveland, W.S., 1979, Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing 
    scatterplots, J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 74, 829-836.
Cleveland, W.S. and S.J. Devlin, 1988, Locally-weighted regression: An approach 
    to regression analysis by local fitting, J. Am. Statist. Assoc, 83:596-610.
Joyce, T., and Corry, C., eds., Corry, C., Dessier, A., Dickson, A., Joyce, T., 
    Kenny, M., Key, R., Legler, D., Millard, R., Onken, R., Saunders, P., 
    Stalcup, M., contrib., Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme Data 
    Reporting, WHPO Pub. 90-1 Rev. 2, 145pp., 1994.
Key, R.M., WOCE Pacific Ocean radiocarbon program, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 415-423, 
    1996.
Key, R.M., P.D. Quay and NOSAMS, WOCE AMS Radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results; 
    P6, P16 & P17, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 425-518, 1996.
NOSAMS, National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility Data Report #97-082, Woods Hole
    Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, 1997.




                                APPENDIX C:
                      WOCE92-P14C CALIBRATION FIGURES
                             TABLE OF CONTENTS


Figure 1a:   CTD #1 Pre-cruise Pressure Calibration
Figure 1b:   CTD #1 Post-cruise Pressure Calibration

Figure 1c:   CTD #1 Post-cruise Pressure Calibration plus Offset used for P14C

Figure 2a:   CTD #1 Warm-to-Cold Thermal Shock Data
Figure 2b:   CTD #1 Cold-to-Warm Thermal Shock Data

Figure 3a:   CTD #1 Pre-cruise PRT-1 Temperature Calibration (ITS-90)
Figure 3b:   CTD #1 Post-cruise PRT-1 Temperature Calibration (ITS-90)

Figure 4a:   P14C Conductivity Slopes, Both CTDs
Figure 4b:   P14C Conductivity Offsets, Both CTDs

Figure 5a:   P14C Residual Conductivity Bottle-CTD Differences - All Pressures
Figure 5b:   P14C Residual Conductivity Bottle-CTD Differences - Prs>1500dbar

Figure 6a:   P14C Residual Diss.Oxygen UpBottle-DownCTD Differences - All 
Pressures
Figure 6b:   P14C Residual Diss.Oxygen UpBottle-DownCTD Differences - 
             Prs>1500dbar



     NOTE:   All figures can be seen in the PDF version of this cruise report.
             Some differences fall outside of the plotted limits.
             Please refer to the bottle data quality codes.




                                APPENDIX D:
                       WOCE92-P14C PROCESSING NOTES
                             TABLE OF CONTENTS

 1. CTD Shipboard and Processing Comments
 2. Cast Stops Longer Than 1 Minute
 3. CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary
 4. Summary of WOCE92-P14C CTD Oxygen Time Constants
 5. Levenberg-Marquardt Non-linear Least-Squares-Fit Oxygen Coefficients





WOCE92-P14C CTD SHIPBOARD AND PROCESSING COMMENTS

    STA/CAST   COMMENTS

    001/01     CTD oxygen fit based on that of sta 2-1 as only 7
               discrete levels
    002/01     bad data starting at 300 m:  dropouts; no water in
               connector - termination?; 0 db level extrapolated; 318
               db and 322-328 db levels interpolated
    003/01     lost signal intermittently from 325 m, lost signal at
               400-350 m up; 318-324 db and 334 db levels interpolated
    004/01
    005/01     0 db level extrapolated
    006/01
    007/01     ABORTED - stop at 710 m down due to winch problems -
               waited 35 mins before recovering; THIS CAST NOT
               INCLUDED IN CTD DATA DISTRIBUTION
    007/02     first cast aborted due to winch problems; 0 db level
               extrapolated
    008/01
    009/01     0 db level extrapolated
    010/01     used top 7 discrete oxygens from sta 9-1 in CTD oxygen
               fitting as no discrete oxygen samples shallower than
               400 db; 0 db level extrapolated
    011/01     0 db level extrapolated
    012/01
    013/01     0 db level extrapolated
    014/01     606 db and 610 db levels interpolated
    015/01     0 db level extrapolated
    016/01
    017/01     0 db level extrapolated
    018/01     large wire angle
    019/01
    020/01     0 db level extrapolated
    021/01
    022/01     stop CTD at 312 db for 35 sec for brake check; 0 db
               level extrapolated
    023/01
    024/01     0 db level extrapolated
    025/01     0 db level extrapolated
    026/01     stop at 1316 db for brake maintenance; 0 db level
               extrapolated
    027/01     0 db level extrapolated
    028/01
    029/01     0 db level extrapolated
    030/01     0 db level extrapolated
    031/01     52 db level interpolated
    032/01     0 db level extrapolated; salinity feature 1020-1120 db
               down and up casts
    033/01     0 db level extrapolated; +.003 psu salinity area
               1700-1714 db down - some instability in upcast in same
               vicinity
    034/01     conductivity cell soaked in fresh water after cast;
               +.003 psu salinity area 2156-2176 db down
    035/01     0 db level extrapolated
    036/01     ABORTED from less than 1000 m due to suspected sensor
               problems; CTD 6v power supply being drawn down -
               problem was cable to PRT2, replaced;
    036/02     all systems ok again
    037/01
    038/01     0 db level extrapolated
    039/01     0 db level extrapolated
    040/01     0 db level extrapolated
    041/01
    042/01     0 db level extrapolated
    043/01     0 db level extrapolated
    044/01
    045/01     cleaned conductivity cell w/RBS prior to cast
    046/01     0 db level extrapolated
    047/01
    048/01     0 db level extrapolated
    049/01     0 db level extrapolated
    050/01
    051/01     used top 3 discrete oxygens from sta 50-1 in CTD oxygen
               fitting as those discrete oxygens for this station were
               flagged as being bad points
    052/01     0 db level extrapolated




WOCE92-P14C:  CAST STOPS LONGER THAN 1-MINUTE

         station   down   #minutes   avg.pressure     pressure
          /cast    /up    stopped     (decibars)        range
         -------------------------------------------------------
         002/01    DOWN      3.1        333          (330 - 336)
         003/01    DOWN      1.0        604          (602 - 606)
                             1.6        668          (664 - 672)
         005/01    DOWN      1.1          2            (0 - 4)
         006/01    DOWN      1.4          2            (0 - 4)
         009/01    DOWN      4.5       3004         (3002 - 3006)
         018/01    DOWN      1.3       4310         (4308 - 4312)
         019/01    DOWN      5.0       3330         (3324 - 3336)
                             5.7       3441         (3438 - 3444)
         020/01    DOWN      1.6       4129         (4126 - 4132)
         022/01    DOWN      1.2       4234         (4232 - 4236)
         024/01    DOWN      1.3          2            (0 - 4)
         025/01    DOWN      1.2          2            (0 - 4)
         026/01    DOWN      1.4       1317         (1316 - 1318)
         029/01    DOWN      1.3          2            (0 - 4)
         030/01    DOWN      1.2          4            (2 - 6)
         034/01    DOWN      1.8          2            (0 - 4)
         041/01    DOWN      1.4       2906         (2904 - 2908)
         042/01    DOWN      2.0          2            (0 - 4)
         048/01    DOWN      1.1          3            (0 - 6)
         051/01    DOWN      1.3          3            (2 - 4)




WOCE92-P14C:  CTD TEMPERATURE AND CONDUCTIVITY CORRECTIONS SUMMARY

             PRT            Temperature Coefficients             Conductivity 
Coefficients
 Sta/     Response          corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0            corC = c1*C + c0
 Cast    Time (secs)      t2            t1          t0         c1            c0

001/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.40993e-04  0.00969
002/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.47547e-04  0.00985
003/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.54101e-04  0.01001
004/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.60656e-04  0.01018
005/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.67210e-04  0.01034
006/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.73764e-04  0.01050
007/02       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.80318e-04  0.01066
008/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.86872e-04  0.01082
009/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.93426e-04  0.01098
010/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -4.99980e-04  0.01114
011/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.06535e-04  0.01130
012/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.13089e-04  0.01146
013/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.19643e-04  0.01162
014/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.26197e-04  0.01179
015/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.32751e-04  0.01195
016/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.39305e-04  0.01211
017/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.45859e-04  0.01227
018/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.52414e-04  0.01243
019/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.58968e-04  0.01259
020/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.65522e-04  0.01175
021/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.72076e-04  0.01291
022/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.78630e-04  0.01307
023/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.85184e-04  0.01323
024/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.91738e-04  0.01240
025/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -5.98293e-04  0.01256
026/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.04847e-04  0.01372
027/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.11401e-04  0.01388
028/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.17955e-04  0.01304
029/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.24509e-04  0.01420
030/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.31063e-04  0.01436
031/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.37617e-04  0.01452
032/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.44171e-04  0.01418
033/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.50726e-04  0.01434
034/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.57280e-04  0.01501
035/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.63834e-04  0.01517
036/02       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.70388e-04  0.01533
037/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.76942e-04  0.01549
038/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.83496e-04  0.01565
039/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.90050e-04  0.01581
040/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -6.96605e-04  0.01597
041/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.03159e-04  0.01613
042/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.09713e-04  0.01629
043/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.16267e-04  0.01645
044/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.22821e-04  0.01662
045/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.29375e-04  0.01262
046/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.35929e-04  0.01262
047/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.42484e-04  0.01262
048/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.49038e-04  0.01262
049/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.55592e-04  0.01262
050/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.62146e-04  0.01262
051/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.68700e-04  0.01262
052/01       .30      2.22788e-05  -8.80861e-04  -1.48332  -7.75254e-04  0.01262




SUMMARY OF WOCE92-P14C CTD OXYGEN TIME CONSTANTS

                     Temperature        | Press. | O2 Grad.
              Fast(tauTF) | Slow(tauTS) | (tauP) | (tauOG) 
              ------------|-------------|--------|---------
                 30.0     |    400.0    |  20.0  |   16.0  




WOCE92-P14C CTD OXYGEN:  

            Levenberg-Marquardt Non-linear Least-Squares-Fit Coefficients

 Sta/      Slope         Offset       Pcoeff        TFcoeff       TScoeff     OGcoeff
 Cast      (c1)          (c2)         (c3)         (c4/fast)     (c5/slow)     (c6)

001/01  8.06884e-04   2.60818e-01   2.73259e-05   3.33397e-02  -5.44250e-02  -1.01460e-05
002/01  8.06884e-04   2.60818e-01   2.73259e-05   3.33397e-02  -5.44250e-02  -1.01460e-05
003/01  2.17676e-03   5.98927e-01  -5.71561e-04  -3.20806e-02  -5.46378e-02  -1.12143e-05
004/01  1.45225e-03  -1.81581e-02   1.05677e-05  -1.97841e-02  -2.93342e-02   1.06530e-05
005/01  1.38503e-03   1.15644e-01  -6.00202e-05  -2.23830e-02  -2.72432e-02  -1.73731e-04
006/01  1.17922e-03  -8.14158e-02   2.68046e-04  -7.79251e-03  -2.62181e-02  -6.14857e-05
007/02  1.34489e-03  -4.02083e-03   9.11414e-05  -1.78353e-02  -2.55025e-02  -2.56283e-05
008/01  1.37503e-03  -1.16724e-01   2.27319e-04  -1.30975e-02  -2.91430e-02  -8.42314e-07
009/01  1.13014e-03   2.36744e-02   1.34872e-04  -5.17684e-03  -2.51890e-02   6.98500e-05
010/01  1.13180e-03   3.14323e-02   1.29840e-04  -7.19176e-03  -2.26703e-02   7.28577e-06

011/01  1.17042e-03   1.04215e-02   1.44088e-04  -2.08721e-02  -1.71948e-02   1.11503e-05
012/01  1.22582e-03  -2.40484e-02   1.63609e-04  -1.97675e-02  -1.70823e-02  -8.12037e-05
013/01  1.12257e-03   2.94386e-02   1.35894e-04  -2.90427e-02  -7.61433e-03  -9.67719e-06
014/01  1.42916e-03  -1.06695e-01   2.04102e-04   2.99322e-03  -4.29906e-02  -1.52298e-04
015/01  1.23109e-03  -1.41013e-02   1.53152e-04  -1.16770e-02  -2.57885e-02  -1.92080e-05
016/01  1.12567e-03   3.36177e-02   1.31701e-04  -2.01516e-02  -1.35697e-02  -1.22919e-05
017/01  1.21750e-03  -1.35220e-03   1.43876e-04  -1.92242e-02  -1.79192e-02  -4.06282e-05
018/01  1.34102e-03  -5.88229e-02   1.75111e-04  -4.39603e-03  -3.21663e-02   2.00733e-05
019/01  1.08059e-03   3.87322e-02   1.41218e-04  -1.88695e-02  -1.40770e-02  -2.04580e-03
020/01  1.21305e-03   1.02925e-03   1.45020e-04  -1.55113e-02  -2.01158e-02   2.09008e-04

021/01  1.44820e-03  -9.26431e-02   1.87367e-04  -5.58526e-03  -3.38417e-02   1.16620e-06
022/01  1.23650e-03  -7.40700e-03   1.47845e-04   2.00918e-03  -3.43388e-02   6.26153e-05
023/01  1.21955e-03   4.61205e-03   1.40379e-04  -8.51330e-03  -2.71229e-02  -2.64856e-04
024/01  1.22373e-03   4.73925e-03   1.39212e-04  -1.81787e-02  -1.85431e-02  -4.95149e-04
025/01  1.26587e-03  -1.47566e-02   1.48494e-04  -1.16523e-02  -2.33489e-02   2.33888e-03
026/01  1.25102e-03  -1.30540e-02   1.52029e-04  -3.00410e-03  -3.16781e-02   3.81137e-04
027/01  1.38944e-03  -5.53209e-02   1.59337e-04   2.97590e-03  -3.85136e-02   1.02540e-05
028/01  1.26447e-03  -1.45843e-02   1.47256e-04  -1.07867e-02  -2.47712e-02  -5.57667e-04
029/01  1.39968e-03  -8.09994e-02   1.83911e-04  -9.06324e-03  -2.90569e-02   1.87026e-03
030/01  1.34564e-03  -4.76091e-02   1.62534e-04  -2.27674e-03  -3.25087e-02   5.59494e-03

031/01  1.26427e-03  -9.15625e-03   1.43209e-04  -2.63839e-03  -2.98238e-02   1.43284e-05
032/01  1.49573e-03  -1.08579e-01   1.87816e-04  -7.73983e-03  -3.24086e-02   1.07246e-04
033/01  1.38634e-03  -6.72507e-02   1.70049e-04  -5.47603e-03  -3.04071e-02   5.13117e-05
034/01  1.34465e-03  -5.96095e-02   1.72402e-04  -2.05946e-04  -3.40344e-02   1.06100e-03
035/01  1.32151e-03  -3.58628e-02   1.53245e-04   3.62745e-03  -3.58575e-02   1.83092e-04
036/02  1.29304e-03  -3.30691e-02   1.54943e-04  -1.07757e-02  -2.38614e-02   4.36999e-05
037/01  1.32249e-03  -3.67577e-02   1.52722e-04  -1.03383e-02  -2.55409e-02   1.40581e-05
038/01  1.37909e-03  -6.08819e-02   1.65681e-04   5.06790e-04  -3.50490e-02   6.74447e-04
039/01  1.52093e-03  -1.03101e-01   1.72629e-04   3.39200e-03  -4.13269e-02   1.00370e-03
040/01  1.24670e-03  -5.05698e-03   1.40924e-04  -5.97541e-03  -2.74250e-02  -3.38552e-05

041/01  1.77481e-03  -1.96207e-01   1.97164e-04  -3.72159e-03  -4.10188e-02  -3.45028e-04
042/01  1.37431e-03  -4.09218e-02   1.39929e-04  -9.28540e-03  -2.66939e-02   3.16100e-05
043/01  1.41852e-03  -6.58746e-02   1.60533e-04  -9.06489e-05  -3.56835e-02   9.07926e-06
044/01  1.40813e-03  -5.09140e-02   1.41597e-04   2.54728e-04  -3.60582e-02   1.34171e-05
045/01  1.46001e-03  -9.15967e-02   1.74343e-04  -1.41720e-03  -3.50655e-02   1.32040e-03
046/01  1.56575e-03  -1.19456e-01   1.72254e-04  -7.55708e-03  -3.25536e-02   3.49852e-05
047/01  1.30814e-03   4.88388e-03   1.08740e-04  -4.01343e-03  -2.95757e-02   1.76368e-05
048/01  1.45697e-03  -2.37269e-02   8.75430e-05   5.88766e-04  -3.74642e-02   1.03337e-04
049/01  1.40909e-03   2.85585e-04   6.95564e-05   9.95727e-05  -3.53687e-02   1.03733e-06
050/01  1.58776e-03  -2.43796e-02   2.58693e-05  -5.29623e-04  -3.95747e-02   4.66512e-05

051/01  1.54778e-03  -9.59620e-02   1.20296e-04  -6.91372e-03  -3.23902e-02   3.66700e-05
052/01  2.20508e-03  -8.44322e-02  -3.64263e-04  -2.21049e-02  -3.09774e-02   7.93722e-05



WHPO DATA PROCESSING NOTES
(WHPO Staff)
2002 MAR 06

Date      Contact     Data Type     Data Status Summary  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
04/24/97  Warner      CFCs          Data are Public    
          
08/15/97  Uribe       DOC           Submitted 1997 August 15th
          2000.12.11 KJU
          File contained here is a CRUISE SUMMARY and NOT sumfile. Documentation 
          is online.

          2000.10.11 KJU
          Files were found in incoming directory under whp_reports. This 
          directory was zipped, files were separated and placed under proper 
          cruise. All of them are sum files.
          
10/15/97  Roemmich    CTD/BTL/SUM   Data are Public    
          
11/10/97  Key         DELC14        Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO 
          Today I uploaded C-14 data and the final C-14 data report for WOCE 
          Pacific leg P14C. The report was sent in 3 different formats: 
          FrameMaker document file, MIF, and a postscript version.  If you can 
          not use any of these formats, I can translate to wordperfect with some 
          minor losses. The data was sent as comma separated, flat ascii and 
          includes only station, cast, bottle, c14, c14error and c14flag. This 
          leg is now "final" with respect to C-14. The preliminary data report 
          for these numbers was issued 7/28/97, so the official release data for 
          these values will be 7/28/99 unless published prior to that date.
          
03/10/98  Key         DELC14        Data are NonPublic; Release 7/99  
          
04/29/99  Quay        DELC13        Data and/or Status info Requested by dmb 
          
07/22/99  Mantyla     NUTs/S/O      DQE Begun    
          
09/14/99  Mantyla     NUTs/S/O      DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO 
          I'm finished with P14C, just have to proof read the write up and
          then should get it to you today.
          
02/24/00  Warner      CFCs          Submitted    
          
03/08/00  Bartolacci  CFCs          Data Merged/OnLine
          2000.03.08 DMB
          - Merged CFC11/12 sent by Mark Warner (email below) into current p14c 
              bottle file.
          - Obtained bottle file from WHPO website. 
          - Used SDiggs' "driver.pl and warner.pl" code to reformat cfc values.
          - Used DNewton's code "mrgsea" to add cfc columns and data into 
              existing bottle file.
          - Ran wocecvt to check format.  No errors.
          - Ran maskhyd to add date/name stamp.
          - Replaced original bottle file on website with new file filename is 
              p14chy.txt, and moved old file to 'original' subdirectory with 
              filename containing date replaced.
          
04/14/00  Key         DELC14        Data are Public 
          As of 3/2000 the 2 year clock expired on the last of the Pacific Ocean 
          C14 data (P10).  All Pacific Ocean WOCE C-14 data should be made 
          public. 
          
04/19/00  Bartolacci  DELC14        Website Updated
          P14C  Changed to indicate data are at WHPO but not in WOCE format 
          (RAW) and therefore not yet merged.
          
06/16/00  Kozyr       TCARBN         Submitted  
          No other carbon measurements available.  The P14C Section was a 
          problematic Section for CO2 measurements. Only surface measurements 
          were made on 51 stations and only one parameter (TCO2). I am not 
          considering to publish NDP for this cruise, but you can use the final 
          TCO2 data (attached) that are public and final.
          
06/20/00  Bartolacci  PCO2          Submitted; not merged into hyd file
          values are surface values and may not correspond to any 
          station/cast/bottle combination.
          
07/06/00  Bartolacci  DELC14        Data Merged into BTL file 
          2000.07.06 DMB
          Notes on merging C14 into p14c bottle file.
              files in this directory:
          p14c.c14.data.txt 
              file sent (by Key?) on 1997.11.10  no documenation found.  
                 Contains only stations with valid values.
              Moved to subdirectory 'old'.
          P14C.C14.txt
              file sent (by Key) on 1998.03.08. contains stations missing value.
          P14C.C14.hqx
              binhex'd version of above
          - As per S. Diggs P14C.C14.txt was used to merge c14, c14er and 
              associated flag.
          - Used current bottle file p14chy.txt to merge values into.
          - Used perl script conv_key.pl to convert comma separated values to 
              something mrgsea can ingest
          - Used D. Newton's mrgsea to merge DelC14, C14ERR, and flag.
          - Ran wocecvt on output file p14chy_delc14_c14er.txt, with no errors.
          - renamed file and replaced current bottle file with new merged file.
          - moved old p14chy.txt to original and renamed to indicate it was
              replaced.
          
07/12/00  Bartolacci  DELC14        Website Updated; files merged/online  
          Bottle: (delc14, c14err, qualt1, qualt2)
          C14 and C14er was merged into P14C bottle file. Current bottle file 
          was replaced with newly merged file and all table references were 
          edited to reflect this change.
          
10/17/00  Jenkins     TRITUM        Submitted/Preliminary 
          WOCE Indian Ocean = WITrit.dat   Contains all legs
          WOCE Pacific P10  = WP10Trit.dat
          WOCE Pacific P13  = WP13Trit.dat
          WOCE Pacific P14c = WP14cTrit.dat
          WOCE Pacific P18  = WP18Trit.dat
          WOCE Pacific P19  = WP19Trit.dat
          WOCE Pacific P21  = WP21Trit.dat
          SAVE South Atlnt  = SAVETrit.dat
          * Column Layout as follows:  Station, Cast, Bottle, Pressure, Tritium, 
              ErrTritium
          * Units as follows:  Tritium and ErrTritium in T.U.
          * All data are unfortunately still preliminary until we have completed 
              the laboratory intercomparision and intercalibration that is still 
              underway.
          
11/13/00  Anderson    TRITUM        Reformatted by WHPO 
          I have put the Jenkins tritium data into WOCE format.  There were no 
          quality codes so I set the TRITUM to 2.
          
01/30/01  Stuart      DELC13        Submitted 
          Enclosed are three text files (and data) for the Pacific. The headers 
          are:
              Lab ID
              WHPID
              Station
              Cast
              Niskin
              Del-C13
              C13 flag
          The files are for P10, P14C, P17E, and P17E/P19S
          
02/26/01  Jenkins     TRITUM        Data are Public; may require minor revisions
          It was brought to my attention that the WOCE PaciÞc/Indian He-Tr data 
          was  not as yet made public. After submitting it to you last year, I 
          had intended on going through it one more time to ensure there were no 
          problems with it. Unfortunately, I have not had the time to do this. 
          Is it possible, therefore, to release it as public data, and if there 
          are any subsequent minor revisions, to make changes? I suspect there 
          might be a few samples in the set that might have got through our 
          initial quality control.
          
06/19/01  Swift       CTDTMP        Update Needed 
          An oceanographically-insignificant error in CTDTMP data for this 
          cruise has been found (ca. -0.00024*T - 0.00036 degC).  A data update 
          is forthcoming. In the interim the corrected data files can be 
          obtained from: ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData/woce/crs
          
06/20/01  Johnson     CTD           Data Update; Processing error corrected
          revised data available by ftp  ODF has discovered a small error in the 
          algorithm used to convert ITS90 temperature calibration data to 
          IPTS68.  This error affects reported Mark III CTD temperature data for 
          most cruises that occurred in 1992-1999.  A complete list of affected 
          data sets appears below.

          ODF temperature calibrations are reported on the ITS90 temperature 
          scale.  ODF internally maintains these calibrations for CTD data 
          processing on the IPTS68 scale.  The error involved converting ITS90 
          calibrations to IPTS68.  The amount of error is close to linear with 
          temperature: approximately -0.00024 degC/degC, with a -0.00036 degC 
          offset at 0 degC.  Previously reported data were low by 0.00756 degC 
          at 30 degC, decreasing to 0.00036 degC low at 0 degC.  Data reported 
          as ITS90 were also affected by a similar amount.  CTD conductivity 
          calibrations have been recalculated to account for the temperature 
          change.  Reported CTD salinity and oxygen data were not significantly 
          affected.
          
          Revised final data sets have been prepared and will be available soon 
          from ODF (ftp://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/HydroData).  The data will eventually 
          be updated on the whpo.ucsd.edu website as well.
          IPTS68 temperatures are reported for PCM11 and Antarktis X/5, as 
          originally submitted to their chief scientists.  ITS90 temperatures 
          are reported for all other cruises.

          Changes in the final data vs. previous release (other than temperature 
          and negligible differences in salinity/oxygen):
          S04P:  694/03 CTD data were not reported, but CTD values were reported 
          with the bottle data.  No conductivity correction was applied to these 
          values in the original .sea file.  This release uses the same 
          conductivity correction as the two nearest casts to correct salinity.
          AO94:  Eight CTD casts were fit for ctdoxy (previously uncalibrated) 
          and resubmitted to the P.I. since the original release.  The WHP-
          format bottle file was not regenerated.  The CTDOXY for the following 
          stations should be significantly different than the original .sea file 
          values:
              009/01 013/02 017/01 018/01 026/04 033/01 036/01 036/02 
          I09N: The 243/01 original CTD data file was not rewritten after 
          updating the ctdoxy fit.  This release uses the correct ctdoxy data 
          for the .ctd file.  The original .sea file was written after the 
          update occurred, so the ctdoxy values reported with bottle data should 
          be minimally different.
          ======================================================================
          DATA SETS AFFECTED:
          WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
            WOCE Section ID   P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            S04P             (Koshlyakov/Richman)  Feb.-Apr. 1992
            P14C             (Roemmich)            Sept. 1992
            PCM11            (Rudnick)             Sept. 1992
            P16A/P17A        (JUNO1)  (Reid)       Oct.-Nov. 1992
            P17E/P19S        (JUNO2)  (Swift)      Dec. 1992 - Jan. 1993
            P19C             (Talley)              Feb.-Apr. 1993  
            P17N             (Musgrave)            May-June 1993
            P14N             (Roden)               July-Aug. 1993
            P31              (Roemmich)            Jan.-Feb. 1994
            A15/AR15         (Smethie)             Apr.-May 1994   
            I09N             (Gordon)              Jan.-Mar. 1995
            I08N/I05E        (Talley)              Mar.-Apr. 1995
            I03              (Nowlin)              Apr.-June 1995
            I04/I05W/I07C    (Toole)               June-July 1995
            I07N             (Olson)               July-Aug. 1995
            I10              (Bray/Sprintall)      Nov. 1995   
            ICM03            (Whitworth)           Jan.-Feb. 1997

          non-WOCE Final Data - NEW RELEASE AVAILABLE:
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            Antarktis X/5    (Peterson)            Aug.-Sept. 1992
            Arctic Ocean 94  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1994
            Preliminary Data - WILL BE CORRECTED FOR FINAL RELEASE ONLY
              NOT YET AVAILABLE: 
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            WOCE-S04I        (Whitworth)           May-July 1996   
            Arctic Ocean 97  (Swift)               Sept.-Oct. 1997
            HNRO7            (Talley)              June-July 1999
            KH36             (Talley)              July-Sept. 1999

          "Final" Data from cruise dates prior to 1992, or cruises which 
              did not use NBIS CTDs, are NOT AFFECTED.
          post-1991 Preliminary Data NOT AFFECTED:
            Cruise Name       P.I.                 Cruise Dates
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            Arctic Ocean 96  (Swift)               July-Sept. 1996
            WOCE-A24 (ACCE)  (Talley)              May-July 1997
            XP99             (Talley)              Aug.-Sept. 1999
            KH38             (Talley)              Feb.-Mar. 2000
            XP00             (Talley)              June-July 2000
          
06/22/01  Uribe       CTD/BTL       Website Updated; CSV File Added  
          CTD and Bottle files in exchange format have been put online.
          
08/27/01  Swift       He/Tr         Data Status changed to Public 
          Please make the following changes from non-public to public.  All 
          Jenkins Pacific/Indian data are public according to an email he sent 
          2/26/2001, hence P14C 316N138_7   The He/Tr data were cleaned up by S. 
          Anderson.  So when you merge them, please make them public.
          
09/28/01  Muus        CFCs          Data Merged into BTL file 
          CSV file updated  Notes on P14C CFC merging Sept 28, 2001. D. Muus
          1. New CFC-11 and CFC-12 from:
             /usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/pacific/p14/p14c/original/ 
             20010709_CFC_UPDT_WISEGARVER_P14C/20010709.172810_WISEGARVER 
             _P14C/20010709.172810_WISEGARVER_P14C_p14c_CFC_DQE.dat
             merged into SEA file taken from web Sept 25, 2001 
             (20000712WHPOSIODMB)
               * All "1"s in QUALT1 changed to "9"s and QUALT2 replaced by new 
                 QUALT1  prior to merging.
          2. Exchange file checked using Java Ocean Atlas.
          
11/19/01  Anderson     DELC13/TR    Data merged into online file  
          - Merged DELC13 that was received from Key in May, 2001 into .sea 
              file.
          - Merged TRITUM received from Jenkins Oct, 2000 into .sea file.
          - Set QUALT2 flags for both DELC13 and TRITUM to be the same as the 
              QUALT1 flags.
          - Put new merged file online.
          
11/30/01  Diggs        BTL          Website Updated; New CSV File Added  
          Exchange file updated and placed online. new files now has  c14/c13 
          data from Key (Sarilee merged them).
          
02/04/02  Uribe        CTD          Website Updated; CSV File Added  
          CTD was converted to exchange and put online.
          
02/21/02  Hajrasuliha  CTD/BTL     Internal DQE completed 
          Created *.ps files for the cruise. Created *check.txt file for the 
          cruise.
          
03/06/02  Kappa        DOC          Updated text and pdf cruise reports
          Added ODF ctd report, cfc report, ctd data consistency check report,
          Final C14 report, cfc dqe report, WHPO data processing notes, and all 
          related figures in the PDF cruise report.







