CRUISE REPORT

HUDSON 94008

LABRADOR SEA

WOCE LINE AR7/W

MAY 24 - JUNE 12, 1994



A. CRUISE NARRATIVE


1.  Highlights

WOCE Designation:	AR7W	Atlantic Repeat Hydrographic Section 7 West, 
				Labrador to Greenland

	JGOFS			Labrador Sea biological program.

Cruise Designation:	94008

Ship:				C.S.S. Hudson

Agency:			Bedford Institute of Oceanography
				Box 1006
				Dartmouth N.S. B2Y-4A2
				Canada

Chief Scientist:		John R. N. Lazier 

				Fax		902 426 7827
				Omnet	Bedford.inst
				Internet	j_lazier@bionet.bio.dfo.ca

Ports of Call:		Dartmouth to Sydney N.S. 


Dates:			May 24 to June 12 1994


2.   Cruise Summary Information

2.1		Station Positions

The positions of the observations, ie. CTD stations, CTD plus rosette water samples stations, 
biological stations, XBT releases and a mooring are shown in Fig. 1.  The WOCE AR7/W line 
(see Fig. 2) runs between South Wolf Island Labrador and Cape Desolation Greenland, however, 
heavy ice prevented us from completing the stations over the Labrador shelf.  A second CTD line 
was run off the North East Newfoundland shelf to capture some of the inflows and outflows of the 
Labrador Sea but heavy weather stopped work before completion of the 4 easternmost stations.  
The biological sampling took place along these sections and at various positions enroute with a 
concentration of sampling over the upper Labrador continental slope in the vicinity of Hamilton 
Bank. 


2.2		Sampling Accomplished

At the 35 CTD stations a Seabird CTD was used to obtain temperature, salinity and dissolved 
oxygen profiles for the full depth of the water column and at 28 of these positions a water sampling 
rosette acquired up to twenty 8 litre samples for analyses of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, 
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, carbon tetrachloride, total carbonate, alkalinity, halocarbons, tritium 
and helium.  For the order of sample drawing, see Appendix 1.

At the 18 biological stations, samples were obtained with vertical net tows to 100 metres, 
submersible pumps to 100 m depth, rosette water bottles for analyses of chlorophyll, 
phytoplankton, zooplankton, phytoplankton pigments and growth rates. 

A mooring was placed in 3500 m of water at 56° 45.2' N 52° 27.3' W. It suspends 6 Seacat 
temperature/conductivity recorders, 6 Aanderaa current meters, 1 Acoustic Doppler Current 
Profiler (ADCP), 1 WOTAN and 1 CTD with a device for measuring the total partial pressure of 
dissolved gas in the water. The mooring will be recovered in 1995. No floats or drifters were 
released during the cruise however 19 XBTs were launched in the West Greenland Current.


3.   List of Principal Investigators for All Measurements

Name				Responsibility			Affiliation

David Farmer		WOTAN & dissolved gas		IOS
Bob Gershey 		CFC, O2, alkalinity,		BDR
				CO2, nutrients
Erica Head			Zooplankton				BIO
Owen Hertzman		Delta  PCO2				Dal. U.
Ed Horne			Biological Probe			BIO
John Lazier			CTD, salinity, mooring		BIO
Vivian Lutz			Phytoplankton pigments		BIO
Bob Moore			Natural Halocarbons		Dal. U
Peter Rhines		Mooring				U. W.
Peter Schlosser		Tritium, Helium			LDEO
Martin Visbeck		ADCP					MIT
Steve Calvert		Nutrient Uptake			UBC

Institute Abbreviations and Addresses

BIO 	Bedford Institute of Oceanography
	Box 1006
	Dartmouth N.S., B2Y-4A2, Canada

BDR	BDR Research Ltd.
	Box 652, Sta. 'M'
	Halifax, N.S. B3J-2T3, Canada

LDEO	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
	of Columbia University,
	Palisades, NY, 10964, USA

U.W.	University of Washington
	Seattle, WA, USA

Dal.U.Dalhousie University
	Halifax N.S. Canada

MIT	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Cambridge, MA, USA

IOS	Institute of Ocean Sciences
	Sidney BC

UBC	University of British Columbia

Electronic Addresses
S. Calvert		calvert@unixg.ubc.ca
D. Farmer		dfm@ios.bc.ca
R. Gershey		rgershey@fox.nstn.ns.ca
E. Head		erica@sfnet.dfo.ca
O. Hertzman		hertzman@open.dal.ca
E. Horne		e_horne@bionet.bio.dfo.ca
J. Lazier		j_lazier@bionet.bio.dfo.ca
V. Lutz		vlutz@ac.dal.ca
B. Moore		rmoore@ac.dal.ca
P. Rhines		rhines@killer.ocean.washington.edu
P. Schlosser		peters@ldeo.columbia.edu
M. Visbeck		visbeck@plume.mit.edu


4.   Scientific Program and Methods

4.1	Physical-Chemical Program

One of the important objectives of the annual occupation of the WOCE AR7/W line is to monitor 
the properties of the water masses in the region, especially the Labrador Sea Water, which is 
renewed by deep convection in winter to as much as 2300 m. The data along the AR7/W line from 
1993 showed the convected water to be colder, denser and deeper than previously observed which 
led us to believe convection had been unusually vigorous during the winter of 1992/1993. The 
salinity of the convected water was higher in 1993 than in 1992 and this too seems to have been an 
indication of vigorous convection penetrating into deeper layers of higher salinity water. The 
extreme convection appears to have been caused by a series of abnormally cold winters culminating 
in the very severe winter of 1992/93.

Salinity, temperature, and _1.5 profiles from 1994 (Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6) indicate that the layer of 
convected water is colder but fresher than in 1993. The density (_1.5) however appears to have 
remained about the same as in 1993. In Fig. 3, the convected water is indicated by the region of 
nearly homogeneous water between 500 and 2300 m. The solid curves from 1993 stations 19-22 
show the salinity to be nearly constant through this interval but the dotted curves from this year's 
stations 32-35, obtained at the same positions, show the water to be slightly fresher at most 
positions. Also, the profiles appear to have more structure than in 1993. The temperature profiles 
in Fig. 4 also show the nearly homogeneous layer between 500 and 2300 m and the temperature is 
slightly but noticeably less in 1994. We conclude that convection took place during the winter of 
1993-94 but that it was not as vigorous as during the previous winter. The difference is probably 
due to the fact that the recent winter was not as cold as the 1992-93 winter. Such a difference is 
suggested in the winter monthly air temperatures over southern Baffin Island at Iqaluit. They were 
abnormally cold, by up to 10 °C, from October 1992 to March 1993 and from November to 
December 1993 but they were near normal from January to March 1994. 

The _-S curves in Fig. 6 again illustrate the changes between 1993 and 1994 and highlight the 
differences in the Labrador Sea Water in the range 2.65-2.80 °C and 34.82-34.84. The _1.5 curves 
in Fig. 5 contrast with the temperature and salinity curves by showing very little difference 
between the two years. This difference between the changes in density profiles and the other 
properties results from either the convection process itself or the restratification following 
convection. However we do not yet understand these processes well enough to explain how the 
changes in the distributions occur. We do not know, for example, if the deep convection is a 
predominantly isopycnal process or a diapycnal one.  However, the data from this cruise and the 
previous ones are providing important clues and we anticipate that the data from the mooring and 
the future cruises will provide a much fuller understanding of the ventilation of the intermediate 
waters of the North Atlantic.  


4.2	Biological - Primary Production Programme

Water samples for primary production estimates were collected using the Biological Pump or from 
the surface using a bucket.  A total of 13 profiles was completed.

The new Seabird CTD package was used on the Pump for the first time.  This package included a 
Seatech fluorometer and a quantum sensor.  All sensors worked well.  An unexpected problem 
quickly became apparent when the "D" cells powering the CTD expired after less than 2 hours.  
The manufacturer of the CTD had claimed that the batteries would last more than 4 hours at 0 
degrees.  This resulted in many more battery changes than anticipated.

There were some mechanical problems with the HIAB crane used to deploy the Pump.  At the first 
station the drive shaft for the hydraulic pump snapped when the Pump was still in the water.  The 
pump had to be recovered by hand.  This problem was overcome by moving a 20 HP pumping 
unit from the quarterdeck and hooking it up to the HIAB.  At the end of the cruise the Hiab was 
used to deploy the Zodiac from the top of the container.  The oil seal in the bending arm ruptured.

A total of 52 PI experiments were completed.  Biomass ranged from less than 1mg to greater than 
12mg chlorophyll per cubic metre.  First estimates of assimilation numbers showed low values-
range 1 to 2.  Samples for inorganic nutrient estimates were collected at all sampled depths.  These 
will be analyzed at BIO.

Surface temperature, salinity and chlorophyll were monitored continuously in the forward lab.  
Data from this indicated that there were large geographical areas on the banks and NE 
Newfoundland shelf where surface chlorophyll values were greater than 10 mg per cubic metre.
                              
4.2.1	Optics
                              
The Optics and turbulence programme was dealt a severe blow on this voyage when the BUD 
probe used to collect this data was lost on its second deployment.  When the accident occurred the 
winch was holding the instrument at the rail of the ship.  When the winch operator moved the 
winch control to lift the instrument a few inches the instrument began to freefall.  By the time the 
winch began to take up line there were several metres of slack wire and when it fetched up the wire 
broke.  The wire was new but was not supposed to ever experience this kind of snap load.  The 
instrument had two safety mechanisms but both failed. This was probably due to the instrument 
hitting the side of the ship when it fell and breaking one of the glass lenses for the spectrometers.  
Then when the ballast weights were dropped the instrument would not have enough buoyancy to 
reach the surface.

4.2.2	Bacterial Production
                              
Tritiated thymidine and leucine were used to determine the rate of bacterial production at 12 
locations along the cruise track (see table).  Samples were taken from the shallow (Biological) CTD 
cast at each location from the surface down to the 1% of surface light level, usually 7-8 depths.  
The light intensity profile for the water column was obtained from the Seabird CTD mounted on 
the pump.  A rough simulation of the light intensity of each of the selected depths was made using 
various mesh sizes of nickle screen covering clear plexiglass incubation tubes in a surface seawater 
cooled bath, open to natural sunlight but with a blue transparent plexiglass bonnet over the tubes.  
The light intensity inside each tube had been measured previously using a 4 pi light meter.  Some 
applications from 1 depth were incubated at 3 light intensities to check for the effect of light on the 
experiment.  The effect of temperature had already been tested.

Water samples were preserved with formalin and will be stained with Dapi dye for microscopic 
enumeration of bacteria.  Samples were also preserved with 10% paraformaldehyde and flash 
frozen in liquid nitrogen for flow cytometric counts. 

As part of the tritium experiments, one "isotope dilution" experiment was performed on June 1 to 
test the effects of spiking the seawater with thymidine or leucine.  Eight different concentrations of 
the untritiated compound was added to replicates of the same seawater to see how uptake of the 
normal amount of the tritiated chemical was affected.

A final aspect of the tritium procedure concerning grazing in the sample vessels during incubation 
was tested using a "seawater dilution" experiment.  This compared the uptake of thymidine or 
leucine over a 24 hour period between raw seawater and seawater diluted to 1 in 10 with 0.2 
micron filtered seawater (the filtered seawater from the same sample).  This experiment was done 
on water obtained from the pump on June 5/94.

                          Table 1

Date		CTD#	Lat		Lon		Experiment

May 26	2	46° 48.18'N	52° 29.85'W	Depth Profile Expt
May 27	3	50° 51.63'N	51° 27.80'W		"
May 29	6	58° 09.90'N	50° 56.05'W		"
May 30	27	60° 21.62'N	48° 29.76'W	Bill's Flow Cytometer Sample only
May 30	27/2	60° 23.80'N	48° 36.36'W	Depth Profile Expt
May 31	33/1	59° 03.33'N	49° 55.41'W		"
Jun 1/94	15:05	57° 23.54'N	51° 45.39'W	Isotope Pump Dilution Expt
Jun 1		37/1	57° 23.54'N	51° 45.39'W	Depth Profile Expt
Jun 2		41/1	56° 19.52'N	52° 52.34'W		"
Jun 3		46/1	55° 36.57'N	53° 36.22'W		"
Jun 4		48/1	55° 24.98'N	53° 47.47'W	Flow Cytometer Samples
Jun 4		48/2	55° 24.65'N	53° 47.98'W	Depth Profile Expt
Jun 5		54/1	54° 52.86'N	53° 51.57'W		"
Jun 5		14:15	54° 52.86'N	53° 51.57'W	Seawater Pump Dilution Expt
Jun 6		60/1	54° 53.15'N	52° 56.60'W	Depth Profile Expt
Jun 8		65/1	51° 49.45'N	48° 38.30'W		"





4.3	Biological - Zooplankton Program		Erica Head, Leslie Harris, Jesus 
Cabal


4.3.1	Determination of Zooplankton Biomass

Vertical tows were made between 100 m and the surface using both 200 mm and 100 mm mesh 
plankton nets.  Biomass sampling stations were as follows:-

Date		Latitude	Longitude
dd.mm.yy

25.05.94	45° 15' N	59° 05' W
26.05.94	46° 48' N	52° 29' W
27.05.94	50° 52' N	51° 27' W
29.05.94	58° 09' N	50° 56' W
30.05.94	60° 24' N	48° 36' W
31.05.94	59° 03' N	49° 56' W
01.06.94	57° 23' N	51° 47' W
02.06.94	56° 19' N	52° 54' W
03.06.94	55° 37' N	53° 38' W
04.06.94	55° 26' N	53° 47' W
05.06.94	54° 52' N	53° 52' W
06.06.94	54° 53' N	52° 57' W 
08.06.94	51° 48' N	48° 35' W


4.3.2	Feeding Experiments with Copepods Grazing on Phytoplankton

Two types of feeding experiments were carried out: one in which the kinetics of digestion of 
chlorophyll a (from ingested phytoplankton) by copepods was followed over a 7 h period and one 
in which the effect of food concentration and changes in food concentration on chlorophyll a 
digestion by copepods were examined over 4 consecutive 12h feeding periods.  Six of the first 
type and three of the second type were carried out.      

Experiments were also carried out to see if the digestive products of chlorophyll a (phaeopigments) 
found in copepod guts were further degraded during egestion of faecal pellets (3 experiments) or 
lost from egested faecal pellets by leakage (1 experiment).


4.3.3	Egg Production by Copepods

Egg production rates were measured in 8 experiments, in which female Calanus finmarchicus were 
fed with seawater from the depth of the chlorophyll maximum for periods of three days.  As the 
concentration of chlorophyll (phytoplankton) varied from day-to-day, these experiments should 
demonstrate the effect of food concentration on egg production rate.   Four experiments were also 
carried out to see if experimentally determined egg production rates are affected by cannibalism 
(i.e. females eating their own eggs).  In situ egg production rates will also be assessed by 
comparing the number of eggs in the water column with the
number of female copepods and egg hatching rates (which were determined experimentally on 
several occasions).  The estimates of abundances of eggs and females will be obtained from the 
100 and 200 mm mesh biomass tows.  On two occasions 100 l water samples were taken from 8 
depths using the biological pump and the eggs screened off (100 mm mesh) to examine the 
distribution of eggs with depth in the 0-100 m range.    


4.3.4	Additional Experiments (not part of the main zooplankton program)

a) Genetic population structure of Calanus finmarchicus

Samples were collected at all but the last station, which will be sent to Ann Bucklin at the 
University of New Hampshire, for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA.  These will show if 
Calanus finmarchicus is genetically homogeneous throughout the sampling area, or if (for 
example) there are different populations associated with the Greenland and Labrador Currents. 

b) Isotopic fractionation of nitrogen (14N and 15N) by copepods

Three experiments were run in which copepods were allowed to excrete metabolised nitrogen 
(ammonia) and defecate unmetabolised nitrogen (faecal pellets).  These experiments were carried 
out in conjunction with Dr. N. Wasser and M. Soon, who will analyse the material collected to see 
if copepods excrete N15 depleted ammonia nitrogen and defecate N15 enriched particulate material 
(as is assumed in current geochemical thinking). 


4.4	Biological - Stable Isotopes of Nitrogen and Carbon	N. Waser and M. Soon

This work is part of a broader study of carbon and nitrogen  recycling and export zone in the North 
Atlantic and North Pacific oceans,in the context of the Canadian Joint Global Ocean Flux Study 
(JGOFS). The objectives of this cruise are, (1) to study the variations of the natural isotope ratios 
of carbon and nitrogen in the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic matter and, (2) to 
study nitrate, ammonium and carbon dioxide uptake rates using labelled nitrogen and carbon 
substrates.


4.4.1	Natural 15N/14N ratios of particulate organic matter

Large water samples were collected daily from the biological pump and filtered on board for the 
determination of natural 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios of suspended particulate organic
matter.  Plankton samples were collected from 20 mm and 200 mm mesh-size nets.  Material from 
both tows was preserved for species identification.  The rest of the material was kept frozen for 
isotopic analyses.  All the isotopic analyses will be done by mass spectrometry in the laboratory at 
the University of British Columbia (Prof. Steve Calvert). 


4.4.2	Natural 15N/14N ratios of nitrate

Water samples were collected daily from the shallow CTD cast (0-300m) and occasionally from a 
deep cast (0-bottom) for the determination of natural 15N/14N ratios in NO3.  Some of the samples 
were processed on board by a vacuum-stripping method.  Nitrate present in the sample was 
reduced to NH4 by an alloy of Al, Cu and Zn.  The ammonium evolved was stripped with N2, 
under vacuum, and adsorbed onto an ion exchange resin (zeolite).  The15N/14N ratios of the NH4 
extracted on zeolite will be determined in the laboratory.


4.4.3	Ammonium excretion by zooplankton

Experiments were pursued with E. Head and L. Harris to determine 15N/14N ratios of NH4 
excreted by a natural population of zooplankton.  Plankton was collected from a 200 mm mesh-size 
net and incubated in filtered surface seawater (0.2 mm) for 3 and 24 hrs.  The faecal pellets and 
zooplankton were kept for the determination of 15N/14N ratios.  NH4 were measured on board at 
time 0, 3 and 24 hrs by the manual colorimetric method.  Water samples were taken after 3 and 24 
hrs for the determination of 15N/14N ratios of the NH4 excreted by zooplankton during the 
incubations.  Ammonium was extracted on zeolite on board.  The isotopic analyses will be done in 
the laboratory.


4.4.4	Nitrate, ammonium and CO2 uptake rates

Water samples for nutrients and Chl a measurements were collected from the shallow CTD cast 
daily.  NH4 was measured on board by the manual colorimetric method.  NO3 were determined by 
P. Clement on board on the autoanalyser.  Chl a were measured on board by A. MacDonald.  
H13CO2, 15NO3and 15NH4  tracers were added to water samples collected at 5 depths from the 
shallow CTD.  The samples were incubated in the afternoon for about 4 hours on deck.  The 
samples will be analyzed for POC, PON and 15N and 13C labelled PON and POC by emission 
mass spectrometry by G. Harrison.  The carbon and nitrogen utilization rates will be calculated.   


4.3	Distribution of CTDs and Bottle Positions

Fig. 7 shows a cross section of the AR7W line with the CTDs as vertical lines and the bottle 
positions as circles. The 7 CTDs without rosette samples were added to increase the horizontal 
resolution in the boundary current over the Labrador shelf and slope. The sample identity numbers 
minus 140000 for the deep CTD/rosette stations on the two sections are given in Figs. 8 and 9.  
Note that the bottles with samples numbered 291 and 292 were tripped together at the depth 
indicated by the dot between numbers 290 and 293. Also, no samples were drawn from the bottle 
with sample ID 140544.


5.   Major Problems and Goals not Achieved

Heavy ice over the Labrador shelf prevented completion of the innermost 6 stations over the 
Labrador shelf and the recovery of the ADCP moored on the west side of Hamilton Bank in 1993. 

High winds and seas prematurely terminated the CTD line off the NE Newfoundland shelf.


6.   Other Incidents of Note

A major component of the biological program is a new instrument under development which is 
capable of measuring to 500 m the vertical structure of temperature and conductivity to 1 cm scales; 
florescence to 10 cm scales and light spectra both up and down to 1 m scales.  This is the "BUD 
Probe" for Biological-Up-Down-Probe and obtains data while falling freely at the end of a loose 
conducting-cable/tether.  Sadly, however, the instrument was lost on recovery due to a malfunction 
in the recovery winch.


7.   List of Cruise Participants

Name				Responsibility				Affiliation

Anning, Jeff		Productivity				BSB/BIO
Breger, Dee			Tritium/Helium				LDEO
Cabal, Jesus		Zooplankton					BSB/BIO
Carson, Bruce		CTD tech/watchkeeper/salts		PCS/BIO
Clement, Pierre		Nutrients/Oxygens				PCS/BIO
Dickie, Paul		Bacteria					BSB/BIO
Dunphy, Paul		Computers/software/watchkeeper	PCS/BIO
Gershey, Bob		CFC/Alkalinity/Carbonate		BDR Res.
Fraser, Brian		Electronics tech (BUD probe)		BSB/BIO
Harris, Leslie		Zooplankton					BSB/BIO
Head, Erica			Zooplankton					BSB/BIO
Horne, Edward		Co-chief scientist 			BSB/BIO
Hingston, Michael		CFC/Alkalinity/Carbonate       	BDR Res.
Hu, Zhongyao		Natural Halocarbons			Dal. U.
Irwin, Brian		Productivity				BSB/BIO
Isenor, Anthony		Data quality/watchkeeper		PCS/BIO
Lazier, John		Chief Scientist				PCS/BIO
Lutz, Vivian		Phytoplankton Pigments			PCS/BIO
MacDonald, Al		Productivity				PCS/BIO
Moore, Bob			Natural Halocarbons   			Dal. U.
Parsons, Tom		Electronics tech (BUD probe)   	Contract
Poliquin, Manon		Delta PCO2					Dal. U.
Rhines, Peter		Advisor/watchkeeper/mooring    	U. W.
Scotney, Murray		Mooring/watchkeeper			PCS/BIO
Soon, Maureen		Nutrient Uptake				UBC
Visbeck, Martin		Advisor/ADCP/watchkeeper		MIT
Waser, Nathalie		Nutrient Uptake				UBC
Zemlyak, Frank		CFC/Alkalinity/Carbonate		PCS/BIO


5.   Underway Measurements

During the cruise the following variables were recorded while the ship was underway and stopped 
on station;

	-	ship's position using a Global Positioning System (GPS),
-	water velocity profile using a hull mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP),
	-	temperature, salinity and chlorophyll of the surface waters using a pump plus CTD and 
fluorometer, and
	-	CO2 of the air and surface water. 

Along the CTD lines bathymetry was recorded between stations every 5 minutes when conditions 
permitted.

Nineteen XBTs at 18 stations were launched in the West Greenland Current. 



B. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS 

1.  Navigation and Bathymetry			Anthony W. Isenor

The navigation system onboard CSS Hudson consists of a Trimble Navigation Loran-GPS 10X 
decoder and AGCNAV.  The decoder receives the satellite fixes and decodes the signals to obtain 
latitude, longitude and time.  The decoder signals are about 1 Hz.  All navigation data are logged 
directly to a micro VAX II (see Appendix 2).  AGCNAV is a PC based display, and way-point 
setting software package developed at the Atlantic Geoscience Centre at BIO.  The software runs 
on a PC and graphically indicates ship position, way-points, course, speed, etc.

The echo sounder system used for collecting bathymetric data consisted of a Universal Graphic 
Recorder model UGR-196C-11 connected to a hull mounted 12kHz transducer.  The transducer 
beem width is 15 degrees.  The sweep rate of the record was adjusted throughout the course of 
data collection to aid in identifying the bottom signal.  The recorder was also linked to a clock, and 
thus could indicate 5 minute intervals on the sounder paper.  The system was used to collect 5 
minute bathymetric soundings during the occupation of AR7W while steaming from Greenland to 
Labrador.


2.   Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler		Murray Scotney

The Hudson was equipped with a hull mounted RDI acoustic doppler current profiler.  The 
transducer (serial number 177) had SC ADCP electronics (serial number 271) converted for ship 
board use.  Logging, using Transect software, was started on May 25, 1994 at 2326Z near Cape 
Race, Newfoundland.  The configuration of the equipment results in a bin length of 4 metres and a 
total of 100 bins.  The raw data are stored to disk and backed up every two days.  Two days of 
logging creates about 30 Mbytes of data.  The data are also averaged in real-time over 1 minute 
intervals.  ADCP logging was stopped on Jun 12, 1994 at 1035Z.


3.   Thermosalinograph				John R. N. Lazier

A CTD and fluorometer were used to monitor the temperature, salinity and fluorescence 
(chlorophyll) of the near surface water at all times. 


4.  XBT and XCTDs				Murray Scotney and Anthony W. Isenor

An XBT system was used to obtain temperature-depth profiles across the West Greenland Current, 
along AR7W. The system consisted of a Sippican Ocean Systems Inc. MK9 deck unit (serial 
number 834003) logging data to a HP85B (serial number 2328A08033) computer.  A hand held 
model LM3 launcher was used to launch T-7 XBTs.  All launches occurred during steaming, with 
ship speeds less than 13 knots.  Data were plotted on the HP85B in real-time.  Later, the data were 
transferred to PC using the HP RS232 interface card.

A problem with the XBT launcher resulted in a slight inconvenience during the launch procedure.  
The problem was an electronic failure in a board in the XBT deck unit.  The HP85B would not 
recognize loading of the XBT in the launcher.   However, XBTs could be launched by manually 
grounding pin C on the launcher.  Personnel would then proceed out of the lab area and launch the 
XBT.  This procedure resulted in many XBT profiles that were vertically offset towards deeper 
values.  

A total of 19 XBTs were dropped during the cruise.  These casts are indicated in the Station 
Summary file (see Appendix 3).  Of the 19 profiles, only 10 profiles produced usable data.  Upon 
returning to BIO, these 10 profiles were quality controlled.  A vertical adjustment was applied to 
those profiles suffering from the launching problem noted above.  This adjustment brought the 
temperature data upwards toward the surface.  The adjustment amounted to a removal of 
nonapplicable data records from the beginning of the profile and a recalculation of the depth based 
on the number of applicable data records and the fact that records are 0.1 seconds apart.  The 
number of records removed at each station is indicated below.

			Station	Number of Removed Records
			9			1
			14			57
			16			181
			17			27
			22			135
			24			53

No XCTD data was collected during this cruise.


5.   Meteorological observations			John R. N. Lazier

Routine reporting of meteorological variables was carried out by the ship's crew. 


6.  Delta PCO2 					Manon Poliquin

The Dalhousie University PCO2 system continuously measures PCO2  between continuously 
pumped seawater and air. The system consists of an LI-COR 6262 differential non-dispersive 
infrared analyser, an equilibration tank in which air is brought into CO2 equilibrium with seawater 
and a valving and pumping system to supply atmospheric air, equilibrated air, and standard gases 
to the analyser. The measurements on board the Hudson were done continuously from May 27, 
1994 to June 10, 1994.  These data will not be submitted to the WOCE DAC but will be delivered 
to the JGOFS data centre

C. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS 
- DESCRIPTIONS, TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS


1.   CTD Measurements			John R. N. Lazier and Anthony W. Isenor

a.  Description of the Equipment and technique

The CTD measurements are made with a standard SEABIRD model 9Plus CTD (serial number 
09P7356-0289) that is equipped with model 3-02/F temperature sensor, model 4-02/0 conductivity 
sensor, a paroscientific digiquartz model 410K-105 pressure sensor and model 13-02 dissolved 
oxygen sensor.  All but the pressure sensor are mounted in a duct through which a pump pulls sea 
water.  Hence the water flow past the actual sensors is independent of the lowering rate; this 
simplifies the data processing considerably.

The Seabird CTD is mounted vertically within the BIO designed and built CTD/Rosette platform.  
This platform consists of a central 10 inch diameter aluminum tube which contains at its upper end 
a space to contain the sea unit for a General Oceanics Model 1015-24 bottle rosette (BIO Rosette 
#3, serial number 1348) unit and at its bottom end a smaller well that contains a General Oceanics 
model 6000 12 Khz pinger unit.  The space between the central 6 inch diameter pinger well and the 
10 inch outer tube is filled with lead and the bottom end of the tube is covered with a fibreglass 
nose cone that is acoustically transparent.  

The CTD sea unit is held in a 6 inch diameter aluminum tube that is welded to the central tube. The 
CTD sensors are held in a heavy aluminum cage of approximately 6 inches in diameter which is 
welded to the opposite side.  Around the mid point and the top of the central column are attached 
aluminum rings on which 20, 8 litre sampling bottles are attached.  The number of bottles was set 
by the maximum diameter that we felt comfortable handling through the doors of our enclosed 
winch room on Hudson.  The bottles are somewhat protected from damage by a metal band with a 
diameter a bit larger than the outer diameter of the bottles when they are mounted.  This band is 
situated just below the bottom of the bottles.

The rosette bottles are of a BIO design that are now being made and manufactured by Brooke 
Ocean Technology, a local ocean engineering company.  They differ from standard rosette bottles 
in that their tops and bottoms rotate about a horizontal axis to close.  The energy to close the bottles 
is provided by stretching rubber tubing between the outside edges of the two lids along the outside 
surface of the bottle.  This design has two advantages.  First, the tubing is not inside the bottle 
either before or after the water sample has been captured.  Second, the tubing is applied after the 
bottle is cocked in the rosette tripping mechanism and hence one doesn't have to fight the pull of 
the tubing when cocking the rosette.



b.	Sampling Procedure and data processing techniques

The CTD was deployed and recovered at a rate of 60 metres/min.  The CTD data is recorded onto 
disk by a 486 computer using SEABIRD SEASOFT Version 4.201 software (see Appendix 2).  A 
screen display of temperature, oxygen and salinity profiles vs pressure are shown as a visual 
realtime verification of the proper functioning of the unit.  The bottles are tripped using the enable 
and fire buttons on the SEABIRD deck unit.  The SEASAVE software marks 72 scans at each 
bottle trip to identify these scans as occurring at the time the bottle was tripped. 

At the end of the station, the SEASAVE software is used to create 1 and 2 dbar processed data 
files, an IGOSS TESAC message and a processed rosette trip file.  All the raw and processed data 
files associated with the station are then transferred via ethernet to the ship's MicroVax computer 
for archive and subsequent access and distribution to various users on the vessel.

The data processing takes the following steps:

	DATCNV 	Converts the raw data to physical parameters.

	SPLIT		Splits the data into DOWN and UP cast.
					
	WILDEDIT	For every block of 12 scans, flags all scans whose pressure, temperature, 
conductivity and oxygen values differ from the mean by more than 2 
standard deviations.  Recomputes mean and standard deviation from 
unflagged data then marks as bad all scans exceeding 4 standard deviations 
from these new values.
							
	FILTER		Low pass filter pressure and conductivity channels to time match parameters 
for salinity computation.  Time constant used for conductivity is 0.045 
seconds, for pressure 0.150 seconds.

	LOOPEDIT	Marks as bad, all cycles on the down trace for which the vertical velocity of 
the CTD unit is less than 0.1 metres/sec.

	ALIGNCTD	Aligns the temperature, conductivity and oxygen values relative to the 
pressure values accounting for the time delays in the system.  Time offsets 
of 0.010 secs for conductivity, 0.000 secs for temperature and 3.000 secs 
for oxygen are used.

	CELLTM	A recursive filter used to remove the thermal mass effects from the conductivity 
data. Thermal anomaly amplitude and time constants of 0.0300 and 9.0000 were 
used.

	DERIVE		Computes oxygen values.

	BINAVG		Averages the down cast into 1 or 2 dbar pressure bins. (Note: The 
procedure to produce the 2 dbar averages takes about 5% of the total 
processing time).

	DERIVE		Computes salinity, potential temperature and sigmatheta. 


The above data processing steps use various specific magnitude or time offset coefficients.  These 
coefficients were examined in detail using the data from Station 2 of this dataset.  The analyses 
concentrated on the time offset relating the temperature and conductivity signals and the magnitude 
of the Lueck (1990) filter coefficient.  The examination concluded that the time offset was 
appropriate for this dataset.  The magnitude of the Lueck filter coefficient could not be properly 
verified due to excessive TS variability introduced by the frequent upcast stopping of the CTD for 
bottle trips.

c.	Calibration Data

The CTD calibrations used during this cruise were supplied by Seabird Electronics are are as 
follows:

Conductivity Sensor 041076 (all stations)

    Conductivity = (afm + bf2 + c + dt)/[10(1-9.57(10-8)p)]

    where	f is the frequency
			m = 4.1
			p is pressure in dbars
			t is the temperature
			a = 2.21442246e-5
			b = 5.67193159e-1
			c = -4.19781901
			d = -1.23661793e-4

Temperature Sensor 031376 (All stations)

	T = 1/{a + b[ln(fo/f)] + c[ln2[fo/f] + d[ln3(fo/f)]} - 273.15

    where	ln indicates a natural logrithim
			f is the frequency
			a = 3.68093833e-3
			b = 6.00726775e-4
			c = 1.51819564e-5
			d = 2.19535579e-6
			fo = 6482.31

Pressure Sensor 51403 (All stations)

    pressure = c (1 - To2/T2) (1 - d[1 - To2/T2])


    where	T is the pressure period
			c = c1 + c2 U + c3 U2
			d = d1 + d2 U
			To = T1 + T2 U + T3 U2 + T4 U3 + T5 U4
			U is the temperature
			c1 = -38625.88 psia
			c2 = 2.78422e-1 psia/deg C
			c3 = 1.40578e-2 psia/deg C2
			d1 = 0.038824
			d2 = 0.0
			T1 = 30.62824 micro sec
			T2 = -1.7328e-4 micro sec/deg C
			T3 = 4.72380e-6 micro sec/deg C2
			T4 = 3.33300e-9 micro sec/deg C3
			T5 = 0


Oxygen Sensor 130265 (Stations 1 to 6)

    oxygen = A B C 

    where	A = {Soc [oc + Tau d(oc)/dt] + Boc}
			oc is the current from the oxygen sensor
			d(oc)/dt is the time derivative of oc
			Soc = 2.4323
			Tau = 2.0
			Boc = -0.0397

oc = Mv + b
			m = 2.4608e-7
			b = -4.9216e-10

			B = OXYSAT(t,s)
			t is temperature
			s is salinity

			C = e{tcor [T + wt (To-T)] + pcor p}
			e is natural log base
			tcor = -0.033
			pcor = 1.5e-4
			p is the pressure
			wt = 0.670
			To oxygen sensor internal temperature
			T is the water temperature, where T = kv + c
			k = 8.9939
			c = -6.8210
			v is the oxygen temperature sensor voltage signal


Oxygen Sensor 130284 (Stations 7 to end)

    oxygen = A B C 

    where	A = {Soc [oc + Tau d(oc)/dt] + Boc}
			oc is the current from the oxygen sensor
			d(oc)/dt is the time derivative of oc
			Soc = 2.5328
			Tau = 2.0
			Boc = -0.0322

oc = Mv + b
			m = 2.4528e-7
			b = -3.9245e-9

			B = OXYSAT(t,s)
			t is temperature
			s is salinity

			C = e{tcor [T + wt (To-T)] + pcor p}
			e is natural log base
			tcor = -0.033
			pcor = 1.5e-4
			p is the pressure
			wt = 0.670
			To oxygen sensor internal temperature
			T is the water temperature, where T = kv + c
			k = 8.9625
			c = -6.9161
			v is the oxygen temperature sensor voltage signal

The pre-cruise calibration undertaken at the BIO calibration facility showed the temperature sensor 
to be reading low by 0.0013 °C and the salinity values to be low by 0.005. Neither of these 
calibrations have been applied to the data. 

During the cruise the CTD salinity was monitored by comparing its average reading, on the 
uptrace, at the locations of the rosette samples with the values from the rosette samples. A plot of 
the 415 comparisons, Fig. 10, shows the CTD salinities have a pressure dependent offset relative 
to the rosette bottle salinities. Similar comparisons from the 1992 and 1993 cruises during which 
Seabird CTDs were used did not show such an offset but in each year a different conductivity cell 
was used. We have begun communications with the company to find the source of the offset but in 
the meantime the error has been removed by adding a correction determined by fitting a 3rd order 
polynomial (thanks to Martin Visbeck) to the differences shown in Fig. 10. The fitted equation is;

	Offset = -0.004712 - 4.014*10-6*P + 3.216*10-9*P2 - 4.324*10-13*P3

where P is the pressure in decibars. 

After this correction was applied the distribution of ctd minus bottle salinities was re-evaluated. No 
pressure dependence could be found and the mean difference was 0. The 1st and 3rd quartile occur 
at differences of -0.0012 and +0.0012 respectively giving an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.0024. 
Following last years example we flag the samples which lie beyond 1.5*IQR = 0.0036 from the 
mean difference. About 14% of the samples fall in this category. 

The post cruise temperature calibration consisted of an offset of -0.00536 C applied to the CTD 
temperatures.  This offset is based on a comparison of 105 temperatures collected from digital 
thermometers and corresponding CTD temperatures.  The stated offset is the median of the 105 
differences between the CTD and thermometer temperatures.  Thus, the CTD temperature 
calibration is:

T = T - 0.00536

where T is the CTD temperature in degrees celsius.


2.   Salinity								Bruce Carson

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

Salinity samples are analyzed on one of two Guildline Autosal model 8400 salinometers.  Samples 
are drawn in 150 ml medicine bottles.  New caps, equipped with plastic liners, are placed on the 
sample bottles for each use.

The salinometer cell is filled and rinsed three times with sample water before readings are recorded.  
Two readings of the salinometer are recorded for every sample and standardization.  If the values 
are fluctuating, more readings are taken.

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

Salinity samples are drawn into 150 ml medicine bottles after three rinses.  The bottles are filled up 
to the shoulders and then capped with new caps with plastic liners.  

Files for each separate run are prepared.  These files consist of various metadata (date, cruise, lab 
temperature, geographic location, operator, etc.) and sample specific data such as the bath 
temperature, sample ID number, and average conductivity ratio.  A PC based program computes 
the salinity using average conductivity ratio of the runs and the standard IAPSO formula.  Any 
changes in the salinometer readings between successive standardizations is assumed to have 
occurred as a linear drift of the instrument.  Thus, the program applies a correction to the ratios, 
which varies linearly with the samples analyzed.  The salinity data is then placed in the water 
sample database.


c.	Laboratory and Sample Temperatures

Full cases of samples are taken from the winch room to the GP lab where they are left for a period 
of at least 10 hours to equilibrate to laboratory temperature before being analyszed.

The baths in these two salinometers were kept at 24oC and 27oC.  The salinometer which was just 
above the current laboratory temperature would be the one that was used for any given run of 
samples.  


d.	Replicate Analysis

Only two duplicate salinity samples were drawn from the rosette bottles this year due partly to a 
shortage of water and partly to a lack of urgency as the duplicates always show excellent 
agreement.  Duplicate salinity values are given in Table C.1.

Table C.1.	Salinity Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number   Salinity
----------------   --------
140691              34.5761
140691              34.5763
140321              34.8801
140321              34.8807


e.	Standards Used

The salinometer was standardized using IAPSO standard water, Batch P123, prepared on June 10, 
1993.  Standardization with a new ampoule was carried out at the beginning, middle and end of 
every 32 bottle case and at intermediate points during a case if instrument drift was suspected.



3.   Oxygen								Pierre Clement

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

The automated procedure to follow is based on the method developed by the Physical and 
Chemical Services Branch (PCS) of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) (Levy et al. 
1977).  

The PCS procedure is a modified Winkler titration from Carritt and Carpenter (1966), using a 
whole bottle titration.  In this method there is no starch indicator and a wetting agent (Wetting 
Agent A, BDR) is introduced to reduce bubble formation.  The full description of the system and 
method can be found in Jones, et al. (1992).

In summary the automated titration system consists of an IBM PC linked to a Brinkmann PC800 
colorimeter and a Metrohm 655 Multi-Dosimat Automatic Titrator.  The PC talks to the periferrals 
through a Data Translation, DT2806 and three Data Translation DTX350s.

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

The sampling bottles are 125ml Iodine flasks with custom ground stoppers (Levy et al. 1977).  
The flasks volumes are determined gravimetrically.  The matched flasks and stoppers are etched 
with Identification numbers and entered into the Oxygen program database. 

In most cases 8 litre Niskin bottles are used to obtain the original sample.  Then, the oxygen 
subsamples are drawn through the bottles spigot with a latex or silicone tube attached so as to 
introduce the water to the bottom of the flask.  Once the flow is started the flask is inverted to 
ensure that there is no air trapped in the tube, then the tube partially pinched to reduce the flow rate 
and the flask reoriented and filled to overflowing.  The flow is allowed to continue until at least 
two to three volumes have run through then the flask slowly retracted with continuous low flow to 
ensure that no air gets trapped in the flask.  The flask is then brought to the reagent station and one 
ml of the Alkaline Iodide and Manganous Chloride Reagents are added and the stoppers carefully 
inserted, again ensuring that no air gets into the flasks.  The flasks are shaken then carried to the 
lab for analysis.


4.   Nutrients							Pierre Clement

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

Nutrient concentrations are determined  using a Technicon Autoanalyser II.  The chemistries are 
standard Technicon (Silicate 186-72W, Phosphate 155-71W, Nitrate/Nitrite 158-71W) except for 
Phosphate which is modified by separating the Ascorbic Acid (4.0 gms/L) from the Mixed 
Reagent.  This alteration is achieved by introducing the modified Mixed Reagent instead of water at 
the start of the sample stream at 0.23 ml/min. and the Ascorbic Acid is pumped into the stream 
between the two mixing coils at 0.32 ml/min.. 

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

Duplicate nutrient subsamples are drawn into 30 ml HDPE (Nalge) wide mouth sample bottles 
from 8 L Niskins.  The bottles are 10% Hcl washed, rinsed once with tap water, three times with 
Super-Q and oven dried at >100 Degrees F. 

A sample run includes six Working Standards run at the beginning and end. Duplicate Check 
Standards are run every 16 samples followed by blanks as a Baseline Check. These Standards are 
made up in 33 ppt NaCl (VWR,Analar grade) as is the wash water.  The Standards are tested 
against CSK Solution Standards (Sagami Chemical Center, Japan). 

Analog data is converted to digital, processed and statistics calculated by a Pascal 6.0 in house 
program (Logger) on a PC.  Chart recordings, hard copy and disk copies of the data are kept for 
reference.

c.	Replicate Analysis

The following nutrient detection limits were applied (all detection limits are in micro moles/litre).  
All values at or below the detection limits were set to zero.

Silicate	0.134 micro moles/litre
Phosphate	0.065 micro moles/litre
NO2+NO3	0.265 micro moles/litre

Duplicate nutrient subsamples were drawn for all deep casts along the AR7/W line.  The values for 
all duplicate subsamples are given in Table C.2.

Table C.2	Nutrient Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number   Silicate  Phosphate   NO2+NO3
----------------   --------  ---------   -------
140141                11.81      1.12      14.79
140141                11.81      1.12      14.79
140161                10.86      1.17      15.04
140161                10.86      1.17      15.30
140162                10.84      1.18      15.28
140162                10.97      1.16      15.30
140163                10.85      1.17      15.26
140163                10.85      1.17      15.07
140166                10.00      1.17      14.76
140166                10.01      1.15      14.76
140167                10.77      1.17      15.38
140167                10.93      1.17      15.23
140168                10.93      1.16      15.72
140168                10.95      1.17      15.57
140169                11.12      1.16      15.50
140169                11.12      1.18      15.76
140170                11.02      1.17      15.65
140170                11.04      1.17      15.68
140171                10.52      1.14      16.07
140171                10.55      1.15      16.25
140172                10.99      1.17      16.19
140172                11.05      1.17      16.34
140173                10.90      1.17      16.11
140173                10.93      1.16      16.76
140174                11.13      1.15      16.12
140174                11.14      1.17      16.00
140175                11.11      1.19      16.28
140175                11.15      1.16      15.97
140176                11.12      1.19      16.14
140176                11.17      1.16      15.88
140177                11.10      1.17      15.99
140177                11.11      1.18      16.18
140178                11.08      1.15      15.95
140178                11.14      1.16      16.03
140179                11.08      1.16      15.71
140179                11.19      1.14      15.65
140180                11.08      1.16      15.65
140180                11.13      1.16      15.70
140181                 9.46      1.17      15.71
140181                 9.48      1.15      15.60
140183                 9.43      1.16      15.78
140183                 9.56      1.16      15.66
140186                 8.96      1.12      14.66
140186                 8.99      1.11      14.56
140187                 8.66      1.04      13.44
140187                 8.72      1.04      13.29
140188                 8.62       .99      12.61
140188                 8.65      1.01      12.52
140190                 8.41       .94      11.47
140190                 8.49       .95      11.43
140191                 8.34       .92      11.40
140191                 8.52       .93      11.35
140192                 7.73       .74       8.35
140192                 7.74       .74       8.56
140194                 7.68       .72       8.10
140194                 7.70       .72       7.99
140195                 7.66       .70       8.02
140195                 7.71       .72       7.89
140197                 7.72       .77       7.95
140197                 7.85       .77       7.96
140198                 7.50       .69       7.57
140198                 7.73       .70       7.78
140199                 7.76       .69       7.73
140199                 7.81       .70       7.66
140206                 7.24       .94      11.49
140206                 7.24       .93      11.53
140207                 6.64       .88      10.38
140207                 6.68       .88      10.23
140208                 6.31       .92       9.55
140208                 6.32       .84       9.51
140209                 5.76       .78       8.16
140209                 5.85       .78       8.21
140210                 5.26       .68       6.85
140210                 5.32       .70       6.86
140211                 3.71       .50       3.44
140211                 3.83       .54       3.33
140212                 9.36      1.13      15.73
140212                 9.77      1.14      15.32
140213                 9.41      1.18      15.40
140213                 9.43      1.14      15.63
140214                 8.35      1.08      14.59
140214                 8.43      1.08      14.63
140215                 7.85      1.02      13.99
140215                 7.95      1.04      14.01
140216                 7.83      1.03      13.84
140216                 7.86      1.03      13.84
140217                 7.27       .95      11.57
140217                 7.31       .96      12.13
140218                 7.23       .93      11.81
140218                 7.27       .94      11.59
140219                 7.05       .93      11.49
140219                 7.14       .92      11.48
140220                 6.92       .90      11.22
140220                 7.02       .91      11.21
140221                 6.89       .91      11.00
140221                 7.13       .93      10.95
140222                 6.49       .90       9.89
140222                 6.53       .86       9.96
140228                 6.92       .92      10.68
140228                 6.96       .91      10.66
140230                 6.88       .91      10.51
140230                 6.91       .92      10.58
140231                 6.87       .91      10.45
140231                 6.92       .93      10.51
140233                 6.82       .92      10.33
140233                 6.82       .91      10.31
140234                 6.70       .90      10.31
140234                 6.70       .90      10.25
140237                 6.29       .84       8.92
140237                 6.35       .84       8.86
140239                 6.05       .80       8.34
140239                 6.12       .81       8.22
140240                 6.07       .81       8.11
140240                 6.10       .77       8.10
140243                 5.87       .76       7.78
140243                 5.93       .76       7.73
140244                10.45      1.10      13.76
140244                10.45      1.12      13.82
140245                10.39      1.11      13.82
140245                10.47      1.11      13.89
140246                10.52      1.14      13.82
140246                10.53      1.15      13.86
140247                 9.96      1.18      14.62
140247                10.11      1.14      15.08
140248                10.81      1.16      14.75
140248                10.97      1.15      15.11
140249                10.77      1.17      15.29
140249                10.87      1.16      15.56
140250                10.33      1.16      15.75
140250                10.80      1.17      15.76
140251                 9.97      1.22      15.89
140251                10.04      1.20      16.14
140252                 9.99      1.19      15.72
140252                10.08      1.17      15.77
140253                 9.65      1.19      15.76
140253                 9.67      1.19      15.72
140254                 9.55      1.18      15.58
140254                 9.60      1.19      15.67
140255                 9.34      1.16      15.63
140255                 9.63      1.16      15.78
140256                 8.92      1.14      15.39
140256                 8.98      1.13      15.48
140257                 8.53      1.24      15.43
140257                 8.56      1.12      15.19
140258                 8.30      1.09      14.87
140258                 8.36      1.09      15.08
140259                 7.60       .98      12.21
140259                 7.76       .97      12.26
140260                 7.55       .92      11.28
140260                 7.63       .95      11.00
140261                 7.31       .87      10.10
140261                 7.34       .85       9.91
140262                11.18      1.09      14.66
140262                11.26      1.11      14.60
140263                11.42      1.11      14.70
140263                11.45      1.12      14.75
140264                10.33      1.12      14.39
140264                10.40      1.12      14.20
140265                10.60      1.13      14.50
140265                10.65      1.13      14.30
140266                10.90      1.13      14.56
140266                10.91      1.12      14.51
140267                10.73      1.13      14.31
140267                10.73      1.12      14.37
140268                10.46      1.13      14.12
140268                10.57      1.12      14.02
140269                10.55      1.11      14.18
140269                10.57      1.13      14.42
140270                11.18      1.18      14.90
140270                11.23      1.16      14.94
140271                10.32      1.14      14.94
140271                10.48      1.13      14.78
140272                 9.85      1.17      15.17
140272                 9.87      1.17      15.25
140273                 9.56      1.15      15.46
140273                 9.74      1.15      15.55
140274                 9.25      1.13      15.26
140274                 9.48      1.16      15.27
140275                 8.84      1.08      14.46
140275                 8.84      1.10      14.58
140276                 8.34      1.08      13.49
140276                 8.43      1.11      13.58
140277                 8.04      1.05      12.60
140277                 8.06      1.03      12.87
140278                 7.97      1.03      12.41
140278                 7.99      1.03      12.51
140279                 7.90      1.01      12.26
140279                 7.96      1.02      12.17
140280                10.71      1.13      14.00
140280                10.75      1.16      13.85
140281                10.70      1.11      13.75
140281                10.73      1.11      13.86
140282                12.11      1.14      14.30
140282                12.36      1.15      14.36
140283                12.09      1.15      14.69
140283                12.12      1.15      14.74
140284                12.05      1.17      14.63
140284                12.06      1.16      14.94
140285                12.30      1.16      15.23
140285                12.41      1.16      15.12
140286                12.01      1.18      15.42
140286                12.02      1.16      15.76
140287                11.60      1.19      15.97
140287                11.68      1.19      15.92
140288                10.78      1.17      15.77
140288                10.85      1.20      15.90
140289                 9.88      1.17      15.98
140289                 9.95      1.17      15.92
140290                 9.98      1.20      16.31
140290                10.02      1.19      16.46
140291                 9.80      1.19      16.52
140291                10.04      1.21      16.48
140292                 9.71      1.21      16.45
140292                 9.80      1.18      16.33
140293                 9.78      1.18      16.05
140293                 9.78      1.18      16.19
140294                 9.65      1.18      16.31
140294                 9.68      1.17      16.11
140295                 8.84      1.14      15.44
140295                 8.93      1.15      15.27
140296                 8.66      1.12      14.75
140296                 8.67      1.12      14.70
140297                 8.37      1.05      13.44
140297                 8.45      1.05      13.22
140298                 7.88       .97      11.96
140298                 7.94       .98      11.99
140299                 7.36       .91      10.58
140299                 7.39       .89      10.66
140300                10.41      1.08      14.97
140300                10.41      1.11      15.08
140301                10.62      1.09      15.02
140301                10.64      1.07      15.10
140302                11.10      1.11      15.15
140302                11.20      1.13      15.31
140303                11.34      1.15      15.51
140303                11.42      1.14      15.51
140304                11.71      1.15      15.42
140304                11.73      1.14      15.32
140305                12.59      1.19      15.53
140305                12.63      1.19      15.51
140306                11.95      1.16      15.54
140306                12.08      1.17      15.59
140307                11.42      1.19      15.59
140307                11.42      1.19      15.23
140308                11.68      1.20      15.57
140308                11.75      1.21      15.75
140309                11.14      1.21      15.58
140309                11.18      1.21      15.66
140311                 9.78      1.21      15.59
140311                 9.79      1.22      15.54
140312                 9.64      1.23      15.79
140312                 9.65      1.21      15.43
140313                 9.73      1.22      15.88
140313                 9.75      1.23      16.02
140314                 9.44      1.22      15.36
140314                 9.48      1.21      15.56
140315                 9.08      1.20      15.03
140315                 9.11      1.19      15.11
140316                 8.69      1.16      14.44
140316                 8.70      1.15      14.53
140317                 8.23      1.09      13.29
140317                 8.28      1.10      13.51
140318                 7.40      1.00      11.17
140318                 7.52      1.00      11.24
140319                 5.09       .62       5.52
140319                 5.12       .61       5.57
140320                10.14      1.15      13.97
140320                10.22      1.11      14.06
140321                10.23      1.12      14.20
140321                10.39      1.11      14.70
140322                11.61      1.14      15.13
140322                11.66      1.15      15.23
140323                12.57      1.19      15.47
140323                12.62      1.20      15.49
140324                12.42      1.21      15.11
140324                12.46      1.16      15.17
140325                11.70      1.20      15.32
140325                11.78      1.18      15.18
140326                11.15      1.21      15.45
140326                11.30      1.21      15.75
140327                 9.96      1.21      15.80
140327                10.01      1.22      15.81
140328                 9.62      1.24      15.43
140328                 9.64      1.23      15.80
140329                 9.46      1.23      15.52
140329                 9.65      1.23      15.95
140330                 9.52      1.24      16.09
140330                 9.58      1.22      16.30
140331                 9.46      1.24      15.41
140331                 9.52      1.22      15.74
140332                 9.31      1.25      15.48
140332                 9.36      1.10      15.46
140333                 9.34      1.12      15.40
140333                 9.37      1.13      15.30
140334                 9.17      1.11      15.09
140334                 9.26      1.12      15.27
140335                 8.91      1.11      14.89
140335                 8.92      1.10      15.00
140336                 8.44      1.07      14.77
140336                 8.64      1.08      14.77
140337                 8.29      1.05      14.10
140337                 8.40      1.07      13.89
140338                 7.42       .82       9.50
140338                 7.46       .79       9.57
140339                 7.28       .78       9.02
140339                 7.37       .78       9.19
140343                 9.02      1.11      13.59
140343                 9.08      1.09      13.81
140344                 8.64      1.01      12.19
140344                 8.69      1.02      12.30
140345                 8.35       .96      11.33
140345                 8.37       .97      11.71
140346                 8.34       .96      11.46
140346                 8.43       .98      11.77
140347                 8.24       .94      11.37
140347                 8.31       .95      11.47
140350                 8.00       .90      10.31
140350                 8.02       .90      10.39
140352                 7.83       .85       9.73
140352                 7.88       .87       9.86
140355                 7.89       .83       9.78
140355                 7.91       .84       9.79
140358                 7.83       .85       9.71
140358                 7.95       .83       9.80
140360                10.23      1.17      13.25
140360                10.28      1.00      13.35
140361                10.76      1.00      13.37
140361                10.86      1.01      13.33
140362                11.56      1.03      13.66
140362                11.59      1.04      13.66
140363                12.69      1.07      14.34
140363                12.70      1.07      14.26
140364                13.21      1.11      14.83
140364                13.42      1.12      14.72
140365                12.51      1.10      14.67
140365                12.60      1.09      14.70
140366                11.65      1.11      14.64
140366                11.66      1.11      14.58
140367                10.88      1.10      14.77
140367                11.00      1.13      15.51
140368                10.06      1.26      15.23
140368                10.12      1.11      15.33
140369                 9.51      1.09      15.35
140369                 9.55      1.09      15.49
140370                 9.41      1.11      15.60
140370                 9.43      1.08      15.72
140371                 9.53      1.08      15.86
140371                 9.55      1.09      15.81
140372                 9.46      1.08      15.83
140372                 9.61      1.11      15.97
140373                 9.48      1.10      15.70
140373                 9.49      1.11      15.98
140374                 9.32      1.08      15.70
140374                 9.38      1.09      15.93
140375                 9.33      1.07      15.66
140375                 9.41      1.10      15.50
140376                 9.11      1.20      15.39
140376                 9.12      1.05      15.55
140377                 8.71       .99      14.15
140377                 8.81      1.01      14.27
140378                 7.92       .76      10.32
140378                 8.06       .82      10.38
140379                 7.75       .73       9.15
140379                 7.76       .71       9.23
140380                10.43      1.00      13.87
140380                10.45      1.03      13.88
140381                10.38       .98      13.74
140381                10.47       .99      13.86
140382                11.45      1.02      14.11
140382                11.53      1.01      14.07
140383                13.33      1.05      15.14
140383                13.92      1.08      15.06
140384                12.61      1.05      15.15
140384                12.78      1.20      15.45
140385                12.30      1.06      15.79
140385                12.39      1.06      15.99
140386                11.77      1.08      16.01
140386                11.77      1.08      15.82
140387                10.77      1.06      16.74
140387                10.86      1.08      16.33
140388                 9.66      1.06      16.65
140388                 9.72      1.06      16.27
140389                 9.66      1.07      16.33
140389                 9.68      1.06      16.30
140390                 9.67      1.06      16.22
140390                 9.68      1.04      16.48
140391                 9.71      1.07      16.19
140391                 9.72      1.10      16.27
140392                 9.64      1.21      15.84
140392                 9.73      1.06      16.15
140393                 9.76      1.09      16.02
140393                 9.82      1.07      15.92
140394                 9.83      1.06      16.07
140394                 9.87      1.10      16.03
140395                 9.49      1.07      15.91
140395                 9.50      1.06      15.99
140396                 9.48      1.08      15.72
140396                 9.53      1.08      15.81
140397                 9.08      1.00      14.17
140397                 9.16      1.02      14.22
140398                 8.13       .83      10.57
140398                 8.29       .81      10.65
140399                 7.64       .69       8.26
140399                 7.69       .69       8.32
140400                11.02      1.01      13.95
140400                11.15      1.14      13.74
140401                11.38       .99      13.46
140401                11.45       .98      13.58
140402                11.50       .99      13.62
140402                11.55      1.00      13.70
140403                11.83      1.04      14.55
140403                11.86      1.05      14.31
140404                12.50      1.04      15.02
140404                12.59      1.05      15.34
140405                12.31      1.05      15.83
140405                12.40      1.07      15.73
140406                11.85      1.06      15.95
140406                11.90      1.08      16.18
140407                11.26      1.08      16.63
140407                11.36      1.08      16.57
140408                 9.88      1.19      16.48
140408                 9.94      1.05      16.64
140409                 9.81      1.04      16.61
140409                 9.88      1.05      16.56
140410                 9.75      1.05      16.48
140410                 9.76      1.06      16.45
140411                 9.76      1.07      16.50
140411                 9.85      1.08      16.85
140412                 9.87      1.08      16.94
140412                 9.88      1.05      16.88
140413                 9.86      1.08      17.10
140413                 9.87      1.08      16.98
140414                 9.80      1.08      16.98
140414                 9.80      1.07      17.00
140415                 9.80      1.08      16.36
140415                 9.86      1.06      16.82
140416                 9.53      1.22      15.96
140416                 9.67      1.09      16.59
140417                 9.49      1.08      15.81
140417                 9.53      1.07      15.52
140418                 8.82       .93      12.80
140418                 8.84       .92      12.84
140419                 7.70       .69       8.39
140419                 7.77       .66       8.52
140420                11.48       .98      14.30
140420                11.51      1.03      14.28
140421                11.45       .98      14.08
140421                11.52       .98      14.28
140422                11.45       .98      14.28
140422                11.51      1.00      14.31
140423                11.91      1.06      15.15
140423                12.09      1.06      14.91
140424                12.59      1.20      15.34
140424                12.60      1.04      15.40
140425                12.29      1.05      15.42
140425                12.33      1.05      15.59
140426                11.75      1.13      15.64
140426                11.90      1.04      15.65
140427                10.31      1.05      15.72
140427                10.33      1.09      16.06
140428                 9.64      1.03      16.22
140428                 9.79      1.09      16.46
140429                 9.72      1.06      16.49
140429                 9.73      1.04      16.24
140430                 9.69      1.06      16.52
140430                 9.87      1.09      16.65
140431                 9.53      1.08      16.25
140431                 9.66      1.06      16.41
140432                 9.51      1.20      15.41
140432                 9.58      1.07      15.85
140433                 9.55      1.06      15.65
140433                 9.67      1.08      16.07
140434                 9.66      1.01      16.31
140434                 9.68      1.00      16.31
140435                 9.34       .99      15.67
140435                 9.46      1.00      15.89
140436                 8.97       .98      15.30
140436                 9.01       .97      15.35
140437                 8.90       .93      13.89
140437                 8.94       .94      13.86
140438                 7.40       .55       7.86
140438                 7.41       .60       7.92
140439                 7.51       .67       7.75
140439                 7.52       .67       7.70
140444                 8.48      1.05      14.63
140444                 8.51      1.07      14.65
140447                 7.57       .74       9.95
140447                 7.77       .76      10.09
140448                 7.58       .76      10.04
140448                 7.64       .77      10.00
140450                 7.16       .77       8.59
140450                 7.21       .69       8.69
140452                 7.17       .67       8.59
140452                 7.32       .66       8.56
140455                 7.14       .67       8.48
140455                 7.32       .67       8.69
140457                 7.13       .66       8.53
140457                 7.23       .68       8.59
140460                10.91      1.08      13.51
140460                10.93      1.10      13.52
140461                11.62      1.07      13.49
140461                11.68      1.09      14.32
140462                12.90      1.15      14.13
140462                12.93      1.13      13.86
140463                12.74      1.17      14.20
140463                12.77      1.15      14.34
140464                12.10      1.16      14.03
140464                12.12      1.16      14.03
140465                11.55      1.16      14.05
140465                11.69      1.17      14.19
140466                10.54      1.19      14.41
140466                10.54      1.19      14.15
140467                 9.62      1.16      14.60
140467                 9.64      1.17      14.76
140468                 9.51      1.15      15.02
140468                 9.53      1.16      15.33
140469                 9.45      1.15      15.09
140469                 9.54      1.16      15.11
140470                 9.42      1.15      15.13
140470                 9.48      1.13      15.11
140471                 9.52      1.15      14.87
140471                 9.54      1.15      14.94
140472                 9.42      1.14      15.24
140472                 9.49      1.14      15.10
140473                 9.43      1.13      15.32
140473                 9.52      1.13      15.34
140474                 9.42      1.13      15.15
140474                 9.67      1.14      15.29
140475                 9.23      1.14      15.44
140475                 9.39      1.13      15.34
140476                 8.82      1.10      14.76
140476                 9.00      1.08      14.69
140477                 8.57      1.07      14.30
140477                 8.59      1.07      14.36
140478                 7.27       .75       8.97
140478                 7.29       .78       9.08
140479                 7.14       .74       8.52
140479                 7.17       .75       8.69
140480                10.91      1.05      13.91
140480                10.99      1.05      13.64
140481                11.25      1.05      14.03
140481                11.31      1.05      13.91
140482                12.39      1.08      14.38
140482                13.02      1.09      14.41
140483                12.65      1.12      14.94
140483                12.71      1.12      14.94
140484                12.95      1.10      15.07
140484                13.51      1.10      14.98
140485                 9.81      1.11      15.25
140485                 9.83      1.12      15.15
140486                12.00      1.13      14.84
140486                12.10      1.13      14.52
140487                11.26      1.15      14.62
140487                12.60      1.29      15.94
140488                 9.63      1.14      14.84
140488                 9.65      1.14      14.91
140489                 9.49      1.15      14.72
140489                 9.56      1.14      14.80
140490                 9.50      1.14      14.89
140490                10.11      1.16      14.82
140491                 9.53      1.14      14.85
140491                 9.69      1.12      14.88
140492                 9.47      1.15      14.61
140492                 9.53      1.14      14.74
140493                 9.50      1.13      14.78
140493                 9.54      1.13      14.76
140494                 9.31      1.15      14.65
140494                 9.32      1.13      14.75
140495                 9.25      1.14      14.78
140495                 9.32      1.15      14.90
140496                 9.20      1.14      14.51
140496                 9.21      1.15      14.54
140497                 8.67      1.10      13.96
140497                 8.69      1.11      13.96
140498                 7.23       .76       7.41
140498                 7.28       .75       7.21
140499                 6.76       .67       6.58
140499                 7.25       .67       6.62
140506                11.99      1.13      13.84
140506                12.18      1.10      13.79
140507                12.06      1.11      14.22
140507                12.09      1.11      14.33
140508                13.26      1.12      14.49
140508                13.43      1.15      14.33
140509                12.23      1.13      14.31
140509                12.24      1.15      14.28
140510                11.65      1.15      14.20
140510                11.67      1.17      14.25
140511                11.24      1.17      14.77
140511                11.41      1.17      14.43
140512                 9.69      1.17      14.92
140512                 9.70      1.16      14.83
140513                 9.53      1.17      15.52
140513                 9.54      1.13      15.35
140514                 9.66      1.19      15.81
140514                 9.74      1.19      15.62
140515                 9.68      1.19      16.04
140515                 9.68      1.18      15.64
140517                 9.89      1.20      15.73
140517                10.48      1.20      15.78
140518                 9.65      1.19      15.99
140518                 9.66      1.19      15.63
140519                 9.67      1.20      15.72
140519                 9.75      1.21      15.71
140520                 9.72      1.21      15.82
140520                 9.75      1.20      15.79
140521                 9.44      1.20      15.31
140521                 9.48      1.17      15.40
140522                 6.31       .85       9.58
140522                 6.37       .87       9.72
140523                 5.08       .76       8.37
140523                 5.10       .76       8.40
140526                 9.18      1.13      14.44
140526                 9.28      1.14      14.49
140527                 8.87      1.09      13.67
140527                 8.90      1.10      13.31
140528                 8.66      1.05      12.70
140528                10.28      1.05      12.57
140531                 8.69      1.06      12.83
140531                 8.72      1.06      12.88
140533                 8.56      1.04      12.34
140533                 8.68      1.04      12.44
140535                 8.48      1.00      11.78
140535                 8.51      1.01      11.68
140537                 7.79       .93      10.31
140537                 7.79       .93      10.32
140539                 6.09       .76       7.64
140539                 6.18       .77       7.61
140541                 6.05       .75       7.76
140541                 6.11       .74       7.80
140543                 6.06       .76       7.95
140543                 6.09       .74       7.91
140545                11.36      1.06      14.19
140545                11.40      1.07      14.11
140546                11.41      1.12      14.12
140546                11.45      1.09      13.89
140547                11.60      1.12      14.36
140547                11.73      1.09      14.25
140548                12.19      1.14      14.86
140548                12.26      1.16      14.85
140549                12.40      1.17      15.46
140549                12.47      1.16      15.09
140550                11.73      1.19      15.44
140550                11.83      1.19      15.29
140551                10.72      1.20      15.98
140551                10.78      1.18      15.69
140552                 9.76      1.18      15.43
140552                 9.83      1.20      15.58
140553                 9.70      1.19      15.80
140553                 9.73      1.19      15.52
140554                 9.73      1.19      15.63
140554                 9.78      1.21      15.84
140555                 9.71      1.20      15.67
140555                 9.71      1.20      15.68
140556                 9.74      1.21      15.70
140556                 9.77      1.21      15.63
140557                 9.54      1.22      14.03
140557                 9.80      1.16      14.70
140558                 9.16      1.23      13.82
140558                 9.46      1.23      13.68
140559                 9.43      1.25      14.22
140559                 9.46      1.26      14.00
140560                 9.43      1.24      14.44
140560                 9.44      1.25      14.54
140561                 9.20      1.23      14.55
140561                 9.28      1.26      14.50
140562                 8.76      1.19      14.12
140562                 8.79      1.18      14.04
140563                 8.30      1.04      11.42
140563                 8.42      1.04      11.28
140564                 5.63       .80       8.04
140564                 5.68       .82       8.13
140567                11.35      1.09      13.58
140567                11.50      1.16      14.08
140568                11.83      1.21      14.71
140568                11.86      1.24      14.75
140569                12.04      1.24      14.70
140569                12.12      1.23      14.74
140570                10.02      1.25      14.41
140570                10.26      1.25      14.62
140571                10.96      1.25      14.40
140571                11.04      1.24      14.50
140572                10.10      1.26      14.99
140572                10.11      1.27      14.89
140573                 9.48      1.24      14.70
140573                10.43      1.25      14.89
140574                 9.42      1.26      14.84
140574                 9.52      1.26      14.81
140575                 9.44      1.22      15.27
140575                 9.48      1.17      15.13
140576                 9.63      1.25      15.31
140576                 9.68      1.24      15.35
140577                 9.59      1.26      15.70
140577                 9.64      1.25      15.75
140578                10.02      1.28      15.51
140578                10.53      1.28      15.39
140579                 9.66      1.26      15.43
140579                 9.70      1.26      15.34
140580                 9.60      1.27      15.49
140580                 9.76      1.28      15.47
140581                 8.92      1.24      15.02
140581                 8.96      1.24      15.00
140583                 7.38      1.07      12.32
140583                 7.40      1.08      11.94
140584                 6.17       .81       8.37
140584                 6.32       .83       8.26
140588                 8.36      1.05      14.11
140588                 8.40      1.10      14.26
140589                 8.10      1.09      13.82
140589                 8.15      1.09      13.75
140590                 7.95      1.08      13.65
140590                 7.98      1.08      13.44
140591                 7.59      1.04      12.95
140591                 7.62      1.03      12.79
140594                 7.48      1.04      12.70
140594                 7.59      1.02      12.62
140595                 7.02       .95      11.32
140595                 7.11       .95      11.34
140599                 6.49       .78       8.88
140599                 6.51       .79       8.85
140601                 6.46       .77       8.82
140601                 6.47       .77       8.84
140602                 6.44       .76       8.59
140602                 6.46       .74       8.50
140604                 6.42       .76       8.71
140604                 6.64       .77       8.74
140605                11.25      1.13      13.99
140605                11.30      1.15      14.16
140606                11.16      1.15      14.10
140606                11.21      1.14      14.14
140607                11.76      1.17      14.56
140607                11.77      1.15      14.73
140608                12.07      1.28      14.84
140608                12.12      1.18      14.85
140609                11.70      1.21      14.94
140609                11.72      1.19      15.04
140610                11.19      1.23      15.19
140610                11.23      1.21      15.37
140611                10.65      1.22      15.46
140611                10.82      1.22      15.82
140612                10.69      1.22      15.69
140612                10.69      1.22      15.66
140613                 9.70      1.20      15.71
140613                 9.78      1.19      15.99
140614                 9.64      1.21      15.82
140614                 9.69      1.21      15.97
140615                 9.48      1.21      15.75
140615                 9.52      1.21      15.96
140616                 9.71      1.20      16.01
140616                 9.72      1.20      16.10
140617                 9.68      1.22      15.91
140617                 9.74      1.23      16.07
140618                 9.60      1.22      15.79
140618                 9.65      1.22      15.84
140619                 9.32      1.22      15.65
140619                 9.32      1.21      15.62
140620                 8.97      1.20      15.20
140620                10.23      1.19      15.06
140621                 8.79      1.18      14.73
140621                 8.83      1.17      14.78
140622                 7.54      1.07      13.00
140622                 7.54      1.09      12.93
140623                 6.02       .71       7.40
140623                 6.08       .70       7.47
140624                11.21      1.18      13.58
140624                11.36      1.17      13.82
140625                11.31      1.17      13.68
140625                11.36      1.16      13.93
140626                11.44      1.20      13.86
140626                11.51      1.19      13.90
140627                11.69      1.14      16.18
140627                11.71      1.13      16.31
140628                12.01      1.15      16.49
140628                12.06      1.14      16.58
140629                11.60      1.16      16.51
140629                11.63      1.14      16.58
140630                10.92      1.17      16.86
140630                11.01      1.17      16.71
140631                10.18      1.18      17.10
140631                10.30      1.17      17.24
140632                 9.54      1.17      17.09
140632                 9.72      1.17      17.24
140633                10.05      1.17      17.34
140633                10.06      1.19      17.36
140634                 9.93      1.19      17.40
140634                 9.97      1.18      17.24
140635                 9.80      1.17      17.50
140635                 9.95      1.15      17.50
140636                 9.73      1.16      17.44
140636                 9.79      1.15      17.34
140637                 9.39      1.14      17.18
140637                 9.55      1.15      17.17
140638                 8.82      1.14      16.62
140638                 8.82      1.13      16.65
140639                 8.28      1.10      15.86
140639                 8.77      1.11      15.77
140640                 7.28      1.02      14.12
140640                 7.29      1.05      14.07
140641                 7.53       .77       6.79
140641                 7.56       .75       6.91
140646                 7.88      1.16      13.45
140646                 7.93      1.15      13.54
140647                 7.67      1.10      12.99
140647                 7.72      1.11      12.94
140649                 7.06      1.02      11.72
140649                 7.12      1.01      11.80
140651                 6.93      1.04      11.43
140651                 6.98      1.01      11.49
140652                 6.95      1.03      11.47
140652                 7.00      1.03      11.62
140654                 6.93      1.03      11.38
140654                 7.40      1.02      11.45
140656                 5.92       .78       7.68
140656                 5.95       .78       7.78
140657                 5.87       .71       6.42
140657                 5.90       .72       6.48
140659                 5.89       .72       6.32
140659                 5.95       .73       6.37
140661                 5.96       .72       6.32
140661                 5.97       .72       6.45
140662                11.90      1.18      16.03
140662                11.98      1.17      16.14
140663                11.65      1.17      16.40
140663                11.81      1.15      16.54
140664                11.43      1.18      16.94
140664                11.45      1.17      16.87
140665                11.07      1.18      16.92
140665                11.14      1.18      17.00
140666                10.32      1.18      17.05
140666                10.47      1.22      16.99
140667                10.07      1.21      17.10
140667                10.09      1.21      16.85
140668                 9.84      1.21      17.21
140668                 9.95      1.20      17.35
140670                 9.96      1.20      17.37
140670                10.00      1.20      17.45
140671                 9.48      1.20      17.05
140671                 9.51      1.21      17.06
140672                 8.92      1.16      16.64
140672                 9.02      1.17      16.67
140673                 8.75      1.15      16.42
140673                 8.77      1.15      16.56
140674                 8.48      1.12      15.98
140674                 8.53      1.13      15.96
140675                 8.06      1.08      14.69
140675                 8.07      1.09      14.60
140676                 5.21       .59       6.97
140676                 5.26       .61       7.02
140677                10.13      1.19      16.85
140677                10.18      1.19      17.01
140678                10.27      1.19      17.06
140678                10.29      1.18      17.00
140679                10.06      1.20      16.88
140679                10.12      1.21      17.07
140680                 9.78      1.19      16.79
140680                 9.87      1.18      17.09
140681                 9.18      1.16      16.72
140681                 9.31      1.16      16.66
140682                 8.53      1.13      15.85
140682                 8.62      1.11      15.82
140683                 9.12      1.11      15.01
140683                 9.14      1.10      15.21
140684                 8.57      1.03      12.80
140684                 8.63      1.00      12.91
140685                 7.85       .98      11.04
140685                 7.91       .94      11.14
140686                 8.82       .94       9.20
140686                 8.83       .96       9.14
140687                10.07       .94       5.79
140687                10.14       .93       5.70
140688                 9.14      1.19      15.05
140688                 9.24      1.19      15.21
140689                 9.12      1.20      15.39
140689                 9.12      1.19      15.34
140690                 9.09      1.20      15.29
140690                 9.22      1.18      15.19
140691                 9.62      1.18      14.58
140691                 9.80      1.18      14.64
140692                10.37      1.17      13.29
140692                10.40      1.17      13.60
140693                 9.42      1.12      11.66
140693                 9.49      1.12      11.58
140694                10.21      1.11       9.65
140694                10.35      1.13       9.71
140695                 4.77       .74       2.10
140695                 4.80       .79       1.99
140702                10.17      1.00      10.85
140702                10.34      1.01      11.00
140704                11.37      1.06       9.90
140704                11.52      1.08       9.89
140705                12.05      1.13       9.62
140705                12.07      1.13       9.58
140706                12.12      1.11       9.15
140706                12.20      1.13       9.26
140707                12.17      1.11       9.11
140707                12.18      1.11       9.00
140709                10.40      1.02       7.11
140709                10.43      1.09       7.07
140710                 8.89       .95       5.47
140710                 8.91       .95       5.48
140712                 7.65       .94       4.72
140712                 7.72       .96       5.02
140713                 2.82       .64       1.01
140713                 2.87       .67        .84
140714                  .89       .50        .26
140714                  .91       .51        .26
140750                 9.36      1.11      14.24
140750                 9.46      1.11      14.28
140751                 9.87      1.14      14.01
140751                 9.96      1.13      13.89
140752                 9.18      1.11      13.20
140752                 9.23      1.09      13.07
140753                 9.14      1.10      12.89
140753                 9.18      1.22      12.93
140754                 8.32      1.06      11.67
140754                 8.41      1.06      11.98
140755                 7.77       .99      10.36
140755                 7.79       .97      10.52
140758                 7.15       .89       8.79
140758                 7.16       .90       8.77
140759                 6.30       .84       7.64
140759                 6.31       .86       7.42
140761                 1.24       .44       0.00
140761                 1.25       .41       0.00
140763                 1.21       .39       0.00
140763                 1.22       .37       0.00
140765                 1.20       .37       0.00
140765                 1.21       .39       0.00
140766                10.85      1.25      16.03
140766                10.86      1.20      16.21
140767                10.39      1.21      15.71
140767                10.44      1.18      15.86
140768                 9.70      1.13      14.83
140768                 9.77      1.14      14.99
140769                 9.43      1.12      14.07
140769                 9.51      1.13      14.02
140770                 8.83      1.07      12.89
140770                 8.90      1.07      12.73
140771                 8.93      1.06      11.68
140771                 9.14      1.08      11.75
140772                  .72       .32       0.00
140772                  .76       .38       0.00
140773                 9.97      1.20      17.04
140773                10.14      1.23      16.93
140774                 9.77      1.27      16.67
140774                 9.84      1.19      16.70
140775                 9.71      1.21      16.63
140775                 9.75      1.20      16.47
140776                 9.74      1.21      16.49
140776                 9.78      1.21      16.60
140777                 9.75      1.23      16.42
140777                 9.86      1.22      16.60
140778                 8.99      1.19      15.93
140778                 9.03      1.18      15.95
140779                 8.44      1.09      14.99
140779                 8.45      1.11      15.07
140780                 8.39      1.06      13.94
140780                 8.46      1.05      13.76
140781                  .82       .35        .24
140781                 1.88       .55        .92
140782                11.66      1.22      16.63
140782                11.82      1.19      16.63
140783                11.65      1.19      16.77
140783                11.66      1.19      16.86
140784                11.45      1.17      16.52
140784                11.51      1.19      16.63
140785                11.41      1.19      16.80
140785                11.43      1.21      17.01
140786                10.87      1.20      16.58
140786                10.92      1.23      16.52
140787                10.13      1.18      16.59
140787                10.13      1.20      16.59
140788                10.03      1.19      16.78
140788                10.10      1.20      16.99
140789                 9.95      1.20      16.70
140789                10.03      1.20      16.67
140790                 9.64      1.21      17.06
140790                 9.68      1.24      16.85
140791                 9.58      1.20      17.04
140791                 9.60      1.19      16.85
140792                 9.46      1.18      16.84
140792                 9.47      1.18      17.16
140793                 9.15      1.18      16.68
140793                 9.19      1.18      16.88
140794                 8.76      1.15      16.20
140794                 8.79      1.17      15.98
140795                 7.09      1.01      13.45
140795                 7.21      1.01      13.43
140796                 1.01       .49       1.40
140796                 1.08       .39       1.70
140797                11.36      1.10      15.39
140797                11.55      1.09      15.63
140798                11.37      1.13      15.38
140798                11.54      1.09      15.43
140799                11.49      1.11      15.44
140799                11.58      1.09      15.39
140800                12.03      1.11      15.75
140800                12.08      1.12      15.72
140801                12.23      1.14      16.11
140801                12.36      1.14      16.04
140802                12.53      1.16      16.30
140802                12.66      1.16      16.18
140803                12.65      1.32      16.57
140803                12.77      1.16      16.40
140804                12.23      1.18      16.69
140804                12.33      1.18      16.68
140805                11.50      1.16      16.89
140805                11.74      1.20      16.90
140806                10.88      1.24      17.11
140806                10.92      1.17      16.80
140807                10.10      1.20      16.82
140807                10.10      1.20      16.81
140808                10.02      1.18      16.95
140808                10.06      1.18      16.90
140809                 9.95      1.19      16.85
140809                 9.96      1.19      16.95
140810                 9.83      1.18      16.91
140810                 9.93      1.20      17.05
140811                 9.74      1.19      16.98
140811                 9.78      1.19      16.97
140812                 9.57      1.17      16.71
140812                 9.63      1.17      16.80
140813                 9.25      1.14      16.26
140813                 9.26      1.16      16.13
140814                 8.10      1.09      14.02
140814                 8.28      1.07      14.05
140815                 1.32       .52       3.62
140815                 1.35       .52       3.81
140816                 1.06       .44       2.83
140816                 1.08       .42       2.88
140817                 8.92      1.13      15.85
140817                 8.96      1.15      15.49
140818                 8.63      1.12      15.11
140818                 8.66      1.10      14.89
140819                 8.39      1.08      14.00
140819                 8.44      1.07      13.80
140820                 7.93      1.03      12.96
140820                 7.93      1.02      12.75
140822                 5.47       .88      10.69
140822                 5.47       .85      10.56
140823                 3.02       .70       8.68
140823                 3.04       .74       8.64
140825                 3.06       .68       8.71
140825                 3.12       .70       8.73
140827                 3.33       .71       8.71
140827                 3.34       .71       8.77
140828                 3.09       .68       8.75
140828                 3.10       .68       8.70
140832                 3.45       .70       8.79
140832                 3.52       .68       8.76
140834                 3.77       .69       8.88
140834                 3.83       .72       8.98
140836                 3.65       .70       8.94
140836                 3.71       .70       9.02
140837                12.60      1.12      15.91
140837                12.66      1.10      15.71
140838                12.69      1.17      15.46
140838                12.88      1.13      15.48
140839                13.88      1.16      16.01
140839                13.92      1.15      16.09
140840                15.14      1.17      16.09
140840                15.27      1.18      16.22
140841                15.60      1.22      16.70
140841                15.62      1.17      16.38
140842                14.64      1.19      16.48
140842                14.65      1.19      16.44
140843                14.44      1.21      16.74
140843                14.50      1.21      16.74
140844                13.17      1.21      16.81
140844                13.37      1.22      16.96
140845                12.27      1.25      16.99
140845                12.36      1.23      17.10
140846                10.93      1.26      16.90
140846                10.94      1.23      16.95
140847                10.51      1.22      17.06
140847                10.53      1.23      17.12
140848                10.48      1.24      17.21
140848                10.51      1.24      17.14
140849                10.23      1.24      17.35
140849                10.36      1.24      17.36
140850                10.37      1.24      17.25
140850                10.39      1.24      17.35
140851                10.29      1.26      17.69
140851                10.47      1.23      17.21
140852                 9.87      1.25      16.97
140852                 9.99      1.24      17.08
140853                 8.89      1.18      15.23
140853                 8.93      1.17      15.30
140854                 8.60      1.12      14.71
140854                 8.68      1.07      14.81
140855                 4.99       .76       9.11
140855                 5.02       .75       9.18
140856                 4.94       .75       9.02
140856                 4.97       .74       9.05
140857                11.70      1.11      15.32
140857                11.71      1.10      15.42
140858                11.83      1.11      15.46
140858                12.03      1.14      15.44
140859                11.84      1.11      15.44
140859                12.00      1.12      15.16
140860                12.68      1.16      15.66
140860                12.70      1.15      15.68
140861                14.55      1.19      16.20
140861                14.58      1.20      16.23
140862                13.92      1.21      16.54
140862                13.92      1.23      16.33
140863                11.95      1.19      16.09
140863                11.98      1.18      16.33
140864                11.29      1.21      16.58
140864                11.35      1.19      16.38
140865                10.50      1.21      16.61
140865                10.56      1.19      16.72
140866                10.14      1.20      16.46
140866                10.21      1.21      16.69
140867                 9.89      1.21      16.43
140867                10.00      1.20      16.47
140868                 9.57      1.20      16.06
140868                 9.72      1.20      16.35
140869                10.24      1.25      16.76
140869                10.34      1.23      16.98
140870                10.11      1.27      16.80
140870                10.25      1.23      17.04
140871                 9.85      1.21      16.63
140871                 9.94      1.20      16.74
140872                10.26      1.26      17.13
140872                10.37      1.25      17.15
140873                 9.31      1.19      15.85
140873                 9.41      1.21      15.94
140874                 7.72      1.05      13.73
140874                 7.81      1.07      13.83
140875                 2.88       .71       7.97
140875                 3.00       .72       7.98
140876                 1.88       .51       5.44
140876                 1.92       .51       5.40


5.   Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Seawater			Bob Gershey

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

The total dissolved inorganic carbon content of seawater is defined as the total concentration of 
carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion and unionized species of carbon dioxide.  Before analysis, the 
sample is treated with acid to convert all ionized species to the unionized form, which is then 
separated from the liquid phase and subsequently measured coulometric titration technique.  This 
involves the reaction of carbon dioxide gas with a dimethysulfoxide solution of ethanoline to 
produce hydroxyethylcarbamic acid.  The acidic solution is titrated with hydroxide ion formed by 
the electrolytic decomposition of water.  The progress of the titration is followed through 
colorimetric measurement of the absorbance of a Ph indicator dye (thymolphthalein) in the 
ethanolamine solution.

A known volume of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber from a pipet of known volume 
and temperature controlled to within 0.4 °C.  It is then acidified with ten percent its volume of an 
8% solution of carbon dioxide-free phosphoric acid.  The solution in stripped of carbon dioxide 
gas by bubbling with a stream of nitrogen gas directed through a glass frit.  The carrier gas exiting 
the stripper passes through a magnesium perchlorate trap to remove water vapour and acidic water 
droplets.  

The gas stream is then directed into the coulometric titrator where the total amount of carbon 
dioxide gas is quantified.  The coulometer is calibrated in two ways.  Calibration using gas loops is 
accomplished by filling stainless steel sample loops (1.5, 2.5 ml) with 99.995% carbon dioxide 
gas and injecting these into the coulometer.  The temperature and pressure of the gas within the 
loops must be known to within 0.05 °C and 20 Pa respectively.  Standard solutions of sodium 
carbonate are also used to calibrate the system.  These samples are treated in the same manner as a 
seawater sample.

Values are reported in units of umol/kg-1.  The overall precision of the analysis should be at least 
1.5 umol/kg-1 for samples with concentrations in the range of 1800-2300 umol/kg-1.


b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

Water samples are initially collected using a Niskin bottle or similar sampler.  Samples for analysis 
of total inorganic carbon must be taken as soon as possible after recovery of the samples to 
minimize exchange of carbon dioxide gas with the head space in the sampler which will typically 
result in a loss of carbon dioxide.  It is desirable that the samples be drawn before half the sampler 
is emptied and within ten minutes of recovery.  Clean borosilicate glass bottles are rinsed twice 
with 30 - 50 ml of the sample.  The bottle is then filled from the bottom using a length of vinyl 
tubing attached to the spigot of the sampler.  The sample is overflowed by at least a half of the 
volume of the bottle (typically 250 ml).  A head space of 1% is left to allow for expansion without 
leakage.  If samples are not to be analysed within four to five hours, the sample are poisoned with 
100 ul/250 ml of 50% saturated mercuric chloride solution.  The bottle is tightly sealed and stored 
preferably at the temperature of collection. 







c.  Replicate Analyses

The following carbonate detection limit was applied.  All values at or below the detection limit were 
set to zero.

Carbonate		0.6 micro moles/Kg

One duplicate sample is typically drawn for each deep CTD cast.  Table C.3 lists the duplicate 
measurements.


Table C.3	Carbonate Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number  Total Carbonate
----------------  ---------------
140208               2113.5
140208               2114.4
140214               2154.1
140214               2155.1
140217               2136.5
140217               2136.8
140245               2158.0
140245               2158.2
140249               2157.6
140249               2157.9
140265               2155.4
140265               2164.5
140505               2149.2
140505               2149.5
140548               2152.2
140548               2152.6
140566               2152.8
140566               2153.7
140609               2134.7
140609               2135.6
140627               2150.9
140627               2153.0
140666               2151.8
140666               2152.3
140681               2150.3
140681               2150.5
140768               2135.1
140768               2135.6
140774               2150.8
140774               2151.4
140785               2153.5
140785               2154.2
140839               2157.4
140839               2157.5
140841               2099.4
140841               2157.0


d.  Blank Value

The blank value of 4.2 micro moles/Kg was subtracted from all data.


e.  Error Estimates

The data presented here has an accuracy of 1.0 micro moles/Kg and a precision of 1.1 micro 
moles/Kg.


6.  Alkalinity							Frank Zemlyak

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

Total alkalinity is determined using the Marine Chemistry automated titration system.  Total 
alkalinity is determined using a potentiometric titration of the sea water sample using hydrochloric 
acid.  Once the sample is connected to the system, the operation proceeds automatically, from the 
glass reaction vessel being rinsed and filled with the sea water sample, to the final calculations at 
the conclusion of the titration.

When the reaction vessel is filled, the semi-micro combination Ross electrode senses when the 
sample has come to equilibrium, the initial relative mvolt reading is then logged, at the same time, 
the cell temperature is also recorded.  At this point, a rather large quantity of 0.2N hydrochloric 
acid, is added to the cell via a Metrohm E-655 Dosimat.  The increase in volume is accommodated 
by the withdrawal, by a stepper motor via an Acme lead screw, of an internal glass piston.  This 
large quantity of acid added titrates the sample beyond the carbonate endpoint, at this point, smaller 
aliquots (0.040mL) of acid are added until the sample has been titrated to and beyond the second 
inflection point.  With each addition of acid the sample is allowed to come to equilibrium, the mvolt 
reading is logged.  Thus, with these relative changes in the voltage in the cell, the endpoint is 
calculated by using a modified Gran function.  Corrections to the final total alkalinity result are 
made by using the sample salinity, sample temperature and the nutrients, silicate and phosphate.


b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

The 500 mlitre samples used for alkalinity analysis are collected from 8 L Niskin bottles in much 
the same fashion as oxygen samples.  The samples were stored in a cold water bath whilst awaiting 
analysis.  


7.  CFC's								Mike Hingston

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

The analyses are carried out on two purge and trap systems developed at the Bedford Institute of 
Oceanography.  The water samples are injected into the systems directly from the syringes.  To 
ensure proper rinsing, at least two volumes of water is passed through the sample pipette before 
the actual sample volume.  The samples are purged for 4 minutes with ultra high purity nitrogen at 
a flow rate of 60 ml/min.  The components are trapped in Porapak-N trap which is cooled to a 
temperature of less than 10°C.  They are then desorbed by heating the trap up to at least 170°C.  
The contents of the trap are then passed through a 75m DB-624 megabore column.

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

All samples are collected directly from the Niskin bottles using 100 Ml syringes.  The syringes are 
rinsed three times before they are filled.  To prevent contamination, the CFC samples are the first 
samples which are collected from the Niskin bottles.  The samples are then stored in a water bath 
of continuously flowing surface sea water until analysis.  Air samples from the winch room are 
taken periodically to ensure that it has not become contaminated.  The analysis of the samples is 
always completed within 24 hours after they have been drawn.  

c.	Replicate analysis

The following CFC detection limits were applied.  All values at or below the detection limit were 
set to zero.

CFC-11			0.022 pico moles/Kg
CFC-12			0.017 pico moles/Kg
CFC-113			0.010 pico moles/Kg
Carbon Tetrachloride	0.040 pico moles/Kg
Methyl Chloroform		0.017 pico moles/Kg


Duplicates are taken at each station, with some of these being run on each system to ensure that the 
results are comparable.  Table C.4 lists the duplicate measurements.

Table C.4	CFC Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number     CFC 12    CFC 11   CFC 113  Methyl Chl.    Carbon Tet.
----------------     ------    ------   -------  -----------    -----------
140205                2.724     5.191      .941    16.804             9.954
140205                3.223     5.880     1.151    20.909            12.227
140206                2.097     3.970      .678    10.091             7.428
140206                2.606     4.721      .811    16.654             9.752
140215                2.385     3.911      .659    10.634             6.934
140215                2.449     4.358      .809    15.775             8.961
140251                1.778     2.899      .300     9.113             5.786
140251                1.843     3.283      .473    13.909             7.129
140255                2.086     3.684      .504    14.468             7.737
140255                2.318     3.798      .548    14.609             7.849
140266                1.139     2.208      .183    15.115             4.689
140266                1.285     2.336      .168    10.939             4.588
140272                1.522     3.060      .384     9.132             5.843
140272                2.103     3.581      .428    13.636             7.513
140283                 .904     1.982      .228      .608             3.703
140283                1.390     2.259      .320     8.934             5.000
140290                1.672     3.030      .281     9.014             5.376
140290                1.975     3.549      .489    35.129             7.555
140311                1.564     3.245      .391     6.027             5.747
140311                2.038     3.667      .435    17.596             7.837
140327                1.815     3.240      .295    11.921             6.945
140327                1.895     2.944      .228     4.029             5.419
140365                 .966     1.414      .107     3.328             2.913
140365                1.299     1.537      .051     6.023             3.963
140370                3.290     3.811      .486    14.412             7.956
140370                5.029     3.413      .238    10.182             6.713
140383                 .670     1.603      .122     2.867             2.656
140383                 .997     1.803      .110     7.316             4.379
140391                2.263     3.740      .378    14.467             7.865
140391                3.045     3.584      .231    15.428             7.406
140419                2.503     4.510      .495    13.692             8.567
140419                2.814     4.539      .502    12.340             8.156
140424                 .953     1.912      .128     7.406             4.463
140424                 .974     1.888      .118     7.250             4.435
140434                1.869     3.433      .371     9.329             5.128
140434                1.929     3.794      .498    14.510             7.938
140466                1.369     2.316      .225     6.486             4.377
140466                1.481     2.249      .182     5.496             4.081
140476                1.975     3.596      .597     9.352             4.470
140476                2.109     4.280      .580    16.286             8.842
140481                1.397     2.579      .266    10.704             5.594
140481                2.978     4.849     1.078    14.888             8.096
140488                1.795     3.279      .486     9.606             5.651
140488                1.949     3.640      .458    14.476             7.669
140498                2.670     4.927      .745    18.753            10.531
140498                2.802     4.907      .665    17.772            10.457
140550                 .858     1.745      .087     6.745             4.221
140550                1.041     1.706      .069     4.357             3.611
140560                1.788     3.564      .289    14.110             7.576
140560                2.802     3.642      .383    15.158             7.849
140567                1.110     2.215      .199     9.308             5.153
140567                1.267     2.235      .182     1.527             3.902
140612                1.382     2.928      .786    13.092             6.557
140612                1.693     2.996      .255    12.010             6.482
140622                2.275     4.737      .528     9.246             9.024
140622                2.450     4.845      .617    18.508            10.116
140628                 .714     1.556      .079     1.481             2.965
140628                 .977     1.855      .098     7.210             4.439
140638                1.745     3.542      .407     6.988             6.238
140638                2.356     3.736      .363     8.522             6.488
140664                1.111     2.004      .116     6.869             4.592
140664                1.117     2.037      .121     7.343             4.755
140674                2.237     3.697      .553     4.387             6.061
140674                2.334     4.271      .514    16.245             8.490
140681                1.674     3.422      .539     3.456             4.914
140681                2.184     3.905      .428    14.592             7.562
140695                2.909     5.163      .999     4.035             7.267
140695                3.007     5.883      .935    22.883            12.072
140767                2.170     3.995      .642    15.347             7.877
140767                2.595     3.451      .585    11.244             6.256
140770                2.295     4.040      .733    13.128             6.342
140770                3.159     4.288      .782    12.608             7.891
140777                2.052     3.144      .517    28.808             5.831
140777                2.282     3.099      .469    13.181             5.798
140778                2.101     3.798      .631    14.307             7.417
140778                2.332     3.209      .568    10.906             4.881
140787                1.461     2.559      .368     8.701             3.926
140787                1.648     3.025      .398    11.837             6.434
140809                1.179     2.532      .298    19.237             5.475
140809                1.648     3.240      .429    13.166             6.838
140839                 .890     1.579      .178     3.153             2.862
140839                1.050     1.778      .192     6.820             4.230
140860                 .943     1.734      .188     1.614             2.348
140860                1.099     1.885      .242     7.742             4.302
140870                1.417     2.711      .342    10.537             5.791
140870                1.648     2.728      .346    10.281             5.690

d.	Standards Used

Standardization is carried out using gas standards made up at Brookhaven National Laboratories.  
Standard volumes are corrected for lab temperature and pressure.  Results are reported in units of 
pmol/kg of sea water.  Clean air samples are also analyzed with each station, as a check on the 
standardization.

e.  Blanks

The following CFC blank values were subtracted from all data.  

CFC-11			0.007 pico moles/Kg
CFC-12			0.006 pico moles/Kg
CFC-113			0.003 pico moles/Kg
Carbon Tetrachloride	0.013 pico moles/Kg
Methyl Chloroform		0.005 pico moles/Kg

f.  Error Estimates

The data presented here has precisions as indicated below.  Precisions are expressed as a percent of 
the data value, in pico moles/Kg.

CFC-11			4.3%
CFC-12			3.9%
CFC-113			2.9%
Carbon Tetrachloride	3.1%
Methyl Chloroform		1.2%


8.  Reversing Thermometers					Anthony W. Isenor

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

Sensoren-Instrumente-Systeme digitial reversing thermometers model RTM 4002 were used to 
verify CTD thermistor readings on most deep stations.  The thermometers have a depth range of up 
to 10000 m.  The pressure housing is made of a glass tube closed at the ends by metal stoppers.  
One end contains the platinum sensor and the other end is the battery compartment.  The 
thermometers were placed on bottles 1 and 3 on the rosette, thus sampling temperature at the 
deepest and third deepest bottle trips.

The thermometers are placed in standard reversing thermometer racks on the Niskin bottles.  
Before deployment, a magnet is passed over the thermometers to clear the display and place the 
thermometer in sample mode.  A new temperature will then be recorded upon reversal of the 
thermometer.

On three stations, unprotected mercury in glass thermometers were attached to the bottle tripped at 
the bottom.  Only one station resulted in good measurements for pressure calculations. 

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

The thermometers indicate the temperature reading via a digitial display.  The temperature is read 
and noted on log sheets.  The readings are later digitized and calibrations applied using the water 
sample database system.  

c.	Calibration Data

The digitial reversing thermometers were calibrated at BIO in March 1994.  These calibrations were 
considerable different than the most recent previous calibration, performed in 1991.  During the 
cruise, thermometer readings were calibrated using both the 1991 and 1994 calibrations.  The 
resulting temperatures were carefully monitored.  A clear improvement in the inter-thermometer 
comparison was noted when using the 1994 calibrations.  All results and CTD calibrations were 
therefore based on the March 1994 calibrations.

The unprotected mercury in glass thermometers were last calibrated in 1989.

d.  Replicate Analyses

Table C.5 lists the duplicate temperatures measurements from the thermometers.  Table C.6 lists 
pressure measurements based on mercury thermometers.

Table C.5	Reversing Thermometer Temperature Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number  Reversing Therm. Temp.
----------------  ----------------------
140101                 .248
140101                 .251
140101                 .254
140103                 .193
140103                 .205
140103                 .206
140161                3.102
140161                3.104
140163                3.097
140163                3.110
140201                -.214
140201                -.209
140203                -.219
140203                -.216
140206                3.047
140206                3.050
140208                1.908
140208                1.910
140212                3.309
140212                3.311
140214                3.994
140214                4.002
140224                3.113
140224                3.114
140226                2.756
140226                2.757
140244                2.330
140244                2.333
140246                2.450
140246                2.456
140262                1.911
140262                1.914
140264                2.165
140264                2.187
140280                1.860
140280                1.864
140282                2.074
140282                2.074
140300                1.561
140300                1.565
140302                1.925
140302                1.926
140320                1.630
140320                1.634
140322                2.005
140322                2.007
140340                3.000
140340                3.002
140342                2.945
140342                2.948
140360                1.580
140360                1.583
140362                1.935
140362                1.937
140380                2.078
140380                2.083
140382                2.060
140382                2.076
140400                1.687
140400                1.690
140402                1.907
140402                1.909
140420                1.673
140420                1.677
140422                1.851
140422                1.852
140462                2.326
140462                2.328
140482                2.122
140482                2.122
140502                2.122
140502                2.122
140506                1.961
140506                1.964
140526                2.884
140526                2.885
140547                1.940
140547                1.942
140565                1.656
140565                1.659
140567                1.972
140567                1.974
140585                1.656
140585                1.659
140587                1.972
140587                1.974
140605                1.635
140605                1.638
140607                2.053
140607                2.056
140624                1.793
140624                1.797
140626                1.934
140626                1.936
140662                2.486
140662                2.490
140664                2.845
140664                2.845
140677                3.350
140677                3.354
140679                3.465
140679                3.466



Table C.6	Reversing Thermometer Pressure Duplicate Measurements

Sample ID Number  Reversing Therm. Press.
----------------  -----------------------
140460                129.1
140460                130.1
140460                130.2
140480
140480               3447.4
140480               3479.0
140544               3476.2
140544               3477.8


9.  Helium/Tritium							Dee Breger

Approximately 250 each of He and Tr samples were collected by Dee Breger for Peter Schlosser of 
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University.  Stations sampled were: (station/cast) 
5/1, 25/1, 26/1, 27/1, 28/1, 29/1, 30/1, 31/1, 33/2, 35/1, 37/2, 40/1, 42/1, 44/1, 46/2, 48/1, 52/1, 
53/1, 61/1, 62/1, 63/1, 64/1, 65/2 and 66/1.

a.	Description of Equipment and Technique

He samples were collected through tygon tubing into copper tubes (40 g capacity) bolted into metal 
channels for support and protection.  Tr samples were collected into one-litre brown glass bottles, 
via tygon tube up to station 42 and directly from the Niskin spigot thereafter.

b.	Sampling Procedure and Data Processing Technique

He samples were drawn after CFCs.  Delivery was through tygon tubing which was monitored for 
air bubbles.  Better detection of bubbles was effected by directing the light from a headlamp onto 
the line, and frequently wiping the tygon with laboratory tissue; all detected bubbles were worked 
out of the line, after which the metal channel holding the copper sample tube was struck several 
times on both sides with a ratchet in a pattern from the intake end towards the outflow end of the 
copper tube in order to pass any air bubbles out of the sample tube.  Flushing of the copper tube 
took place during both parts of the bubble-removing procedure.  When air removal and flushing 
were complete, both ends of the copper tube were sealed by tightening the two bolts at each end 
with a ratchet wrench.  GMT time of sampling was routinely noted for each sample.  These 
samples will be shipped to Lamont for analysis. 

Tritium samples were collected into argon-filled bottles without rinsing or flushing, after all other 
samples were collected from the rosette.  At first a tygon tube was used for delivery but starting at 
station 42 the tygon tube was eliminated so that the sample was drawn directly into the bottle.  The 
bottle caps were secured with electrical tape at the completion of each station.  These samples will 
be shipped to Lamont for analysis.

Replacement watches were handed out to all persons in the scientific party and the winch drivers 
who normally wore luminous-dial watches, and a sign was posted at each rosette room door to 
avoid wearing luminous-dial watches inside the room.  Due to the doubling up of two scientific 
programs on this cruise, the replacement watches ran out before one of the winch drivers received 
one.  He routinely removed his own watch before his stations except for the first few times.  

The possibility of tritium contamination of the rosette room and Niskin spigots arose with the 
presence on board of a bacterial productivity program that uses tritium in its procedures.  Paul 
Dickie from BIO ran the program, sampling at the rosette during biology stations and processing 
them in a container on the helicopter deck, near the hangar where the He and Tr sample boxes were 
stored.  Approximately 10 people routinely went back and forth between this container and the 
rosette room during the cruise and a new sign requesting that these people thoroughly wash their 
hands on exiting the container was mounted on its door to reinforce the signs already posted.  At 
the beginning of the cruise, swabs were taken and analyzed of random spigots, Breger's and 
Dickie's hands, to establish a baseline.  Swabs were taken of random Niskin spigots on nearly all 
stations sampled for He and Tr, either before or after the sampling, especially after a biology cast.  
Several blank swabs were interspersed during the cruise.  One swab was taken on the wrist of the 
winch driver who habitually wore a luminous dial watch and forgot to take it off before driving the 
winch several times early in the program.  Breger did not enter or touch the container housing the 
bacteriology lab during the cruise.  Dickie agreed to drain his Tr only during steaming and not 
during any stations.  At station 42 a surface sample was taken by bucket (from a deck on the 
opposite side of the ship from the bacteriology container) and left in the rosette room for a day.  A 
Tr sample was taken from this bucket, as was one from the bucket filled with leftover Niskin water 
that had been stored in the rosette room and used to cure the sampling delivery tubes.  Tube-curing 
water, taken from the surface by bucket, was thereafter stored outside the rosette room and fresh 
tubes were subsequently routinely used for drawing He after they had cured. 




10.  Methyl Halides							R.M. Moore and 
Z. Hu

Objectives:

- To refine estimates of the magnitude of methyl halide fluxes from the ocean to the 
atmosphere.
-	To provide information on the production mechanisms of these compounds.

Results:

Water samples, mainly from the upper 300 m of the water column,  were collected at ca. 15 
stations and analyzed on board for dissolved methyl halides. In addition to these vertical profiles, 
surface water samples and atmospheric samples were taken . The analytical equipment, being used 
in the field for the first time, performed satisfactorily and sample collection was accomplished very 
efficiently.

A preliminary interpretation of the results indicates that surface waters in the area studied are not 
substantially supersaturated in methyl chloride or bromide. This would suggest that current 
estimates of global ocean-atmosphere fluxes of both compounds based on saturation levels and gas 
exchange coefficients are likely to be too high. There was no obvious indication of a relationship 
between chlorophyll levels and the concentrations of methyl chloride and bromide. However, 
atmospheric methyl chloride and bromide levels in the marine boundary layer were found to be 
unexpectedly variable, and in the case of methyl bromide, with some values very much higher than 
the accepted mean tropospheric concentration. In view of the relative invariance of surface water 
concentrations, these results suggest that both compounds might be produced in the boundary layer 
rather than being primarily of biogenic origin.

This study needs to be followed up with further field measurements using the most highly selective 
and sensitive procedures offered by gas-chromatography with mass selective detection.		




D.  REFERENCES

Carritt, D.E. and J.H. Carpenter.  1966. Comparison and Evaluation of Currently Employed 
Modifications of the Winkler Method for Determining Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater. A NASCO 
Report, Jour. Mar. Res., 24, 268-318.

Jones, E.P., F. Zemlyak and P. Stewart.  1992.  Operating Manual for the Bedford Institute of 
Oceanography Automated Dissolved Oxygen Titration System.  Can. Tech. Rep. of Hydrography 
and Ocean Sci. 138: iv+51p.

Levy, E.M., C.C. Cunningham, C.D.W. Conrad and J.D. Moffatt.  1977.  The Determination of 
Dissolved Oxygen in Sea Water, Bedford Institute of Oceanography Report Series, BI-R-77-9, 
August 1977.

Lueck, Rolf G.  Thermal Inertia of Conductivity Cells:  Theory,  J. of Atmos. and Oceanic Tech., 
Vol. 7, pp741-755.








F.  APPENDICES

Appendix 1:		Order of Sampling and Estimated Water Volumes

Appendix 2:		Computer Report, Hudson 94008

Appendix 3:		WOCE Station Summary File

Appendix 1:    Order of Sampling and Estimated Water Volumes

The order of samples drawn from the Niskin bottles for all Physical-Chemical casts is indicated 
below.  The approximate volume of water required to draw each sample is also indicated.  These 
values are averages of several measurements.  A large spread in some of the measurements was 
noted.  Note that we were using 8 litre Niskin bottles that contain 7.6 litre of usable water.

Parameter
Required Water 
(ml)
1. Freons
450
2. Helium
1000
3. Oxygen
750
4. 
Halocarbons
250
5. Carbonate
500
6. Alkalinity
800
7. Nutrients
150
8. Salinity
250
9. Tritum
1000





Appendix 2:	Computer Report, Hudson 94008			Paul M. Dunphy


We logged CTD data on a 33 MHz 80486 based micro computer equipped with 4 Mb of RAM and 
a 210 Mb fixed disk.  The operating system was MS-DOS 6.20.  We used version 4.201 of 
SeaBird's SEASOFT logging and processing software.  This was a major upgrade from previous 
years.  In addition, we were using a CTD deck unit retrofitted with a NMEA 183 interface.  The 
upgraded software and the automated acquisition of the NMEA navigation resulted in some 
changes in the format of the data.  We made some significant changes to our custom (BIO) 
software to adapt to this.  We also enhanced the processing batch job to create 2 dbar data sets in 
keeping with WOCE requirements.  In previous years, we observed our processing took 
somewhere between 26% and 30% of real time, depending on the file size.  This year we reduced 
this to about 20% to 22% in spite of the addition of the 2 dbar WOCE data set generation.  We 
attribute this to three things: increased efficiency of the SEASOFT software, upgrading to MS-
DOS 6.20 and the enabling of disk caching using DOS's SMARTDRV.

Data sets were backed up to the Hudson MicroVAX II using NCSA's FTP software as part of the 
processing job.  This was done immediately after each cast to reduce the risk of data loss.  Once 
daily these data sets were further backed up to Exabyte tape from the VAX's disk system.

NMEA 183 navigation data was logged continuously during the voyage on the Hudson MicroVAX 
II.  We used our standard LOGGER program to acquire this data and our PIPE processing 
software to display it in several labs.  This data was also backed up daily to Exabyte tape.  In 
addition, the MS-DOS based program AGCNAV was used to display, but not log, navigation data 
at various locations throughout the ship.

All systems worked well during the entire cruise and there were no significant problems.  We did 
uncover one bug in the SEASOFT program ROSSUM.  It occasionally generated erroneous times 
for the rosette bottle trips.  We have informed SeaBird of this. 


Appendix 3:	WOCE Station Summary File

                                            R/V HUDSON    CRUISE 94008/1 LAZIER DATASET
SHIP/CRS      WOCE                   CAST          UTC          POSITION                    UNC HT ABOVE   WIRE     MAX  NO. OF
EXPOCODE      SECT   STNNBR  CASTNO  TYPE DATE    TIME CODE LATITUDE    LONGITUDE   NAV   DEPTH  BOTTOM     OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES           
PARAMETERS              COMMENTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
18HU94008/1   AR14        1       1  ROS  052594  1331  BE  45 15.08 N  59 06.33 W  GPS     126
18HU94008/1   AR14        1       1  ROS  052594  1333  BO  45 15.10 N  59 06.41 W  GPS      98       1      90      86      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR14        1       1  ROS  052594  1341  EN  45 15.45 N  59 06.87 W  GPS     113
18HU94008/1   AR13        2       1  ROS  052694  1421  BE  46 48.18 N  52 29.66 W  GPS     156
18HU94008/1   AR13        2       1  ROS  052694  1430  BO  46 48.28 N  52 29.71 W  GPS     156       3     140     143      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR13        2       1  ROS  052694  1459  EN  46 48.61 N  52 29.89 W  GPS     158
18HU94008/1   AR13        3       1  ROS  052794  1328  BE  50 51.63 N  51 27.71 W  GPS     283
18HU94008/1   AR13        3       1  ROS  052794  1336  BO  50 51.74 N  51 27.88 W  GPS     283       9     250     261      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR13        3       1  ROS  052794  1358  EN  50 52.10 N  51 28.25 W  GPS     283
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       4       1  MOR  052894  2245  DE  56 45.20 N  52 27.30 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       5       1  ROS  052894  2344  BE  56 44.60 N  52 26.90 W  GPS    3533
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       5       1  ROS  052994  0045  BO  56 44.96 N  52 26.42 W  GPS    3533       9            3544      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       5       1  ROS  052994  0208  EN  56 45.40 N  52 26.10 W  GPS    3533
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       6       1  ROS  052994  1300  BE  58 09.80 N  50 56.11 W  GPS    3569
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       6       1  ROS  052994  1308  BO  58 09.90 N  50 56.05 W  GPS                     300     304      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       6       1  ROS  052994  1331  EN  58 10.16 N  50 55.73 W  GPS    3573
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       7       1  XBT  052994  1631  DE  58 32.80 N  50 30.00 W  GPS                                                                          
First in a series of XBT drops.  Good data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       8       1  XBT  052994  1835  DE  58 51.00 N  50 10.40 W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W       9       1  XBT  052994  1951  DE  59 03.0  N  49 57.9  W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      10       1  XBT  052994  2117  DE  59 15.20 N  49 44.4  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      11       1  XBT  052994  2250  DE  59 28.4  N  49 30.1  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      11       2  XBT  052994  2305  DE  59 30.5  N  49 27.3  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      12       1  XBT  052994  2345  DE  59 36.3  N  49 19.2  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      13       1  XBT  053094  0039  DE  59 44.3  N  49 10.7  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      14       1  XBT  053094  0130  DE  59 51.4  N  49 02.7  W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      15       1  XBT  053094  0218  DE  59 58.6  N  48 55.6  W  GPS                                                                          
Good data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      16       1  XBT  053094  0305  DE  60 05.79 N  48 48.21 W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      17       1  XBT  053094  0345  DE  60 12.2  N  48 40.2  W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      18       1  XBT  053094  0400  DE  60 14.59 N  48 36.94 W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      19       1  XBT  053094  0420  DE  60 18.30 N  48 32.2  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      20       1  XBT  053094  0433  DE  60 20.83 N  48 28.9  W  GPS                                                                          
Good data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      21       1  XBT  053094  0448  DE  60 23.5  N  48 25.4  W  GPS                                                                          
No data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      22       1  XBT  053094  0502  DE  60 25.6  N  48 23.1  W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      23       1  XBT  053094  0524  DE  60 30.0  N  48 17.7  W  GPS                                                                          
Good data.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      24       1  XBT  053094  0542  DE  60 33.5  N  48 13.8  W  GPS                                                                          
Questionable data due to vertical offset problem.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      25       1  ROS  053094  0548  BE  60 33.91 N  48 13.44 W  GPS     127
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      25       1  ROS  053094  0554  BO  60 34.06 N  48 13.45 W  GPS     127       2             118       5   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #28
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      25       1  ROS  053094  0604  EN  60 34.06 N  48 13.43 W  GPS     127
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      26       1  ROS  053094  0715  BE  60 25.10 N  48 24.15 W  GPS     239
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      26       1  ROS  053094  0724  BO  60 25.14 N  48 24.43 W  GPS     235       3             223       6   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #27
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      26       1  ROS  053094  0738  EN  60 25.18 N  48 24.93 W  GPS     231
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       1  ROS  053094  0904  BE  60 21.43 N  48 29.24 W  GPS     812
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       1  ROS  053094  0921  BO  60 21.62 N  48 29.76 W  GPS     737       1             750      11   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #26
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       1  ROS  053094  0953  EN  60 21.68 N  48 30.40 W  GPS     723
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       2  ROS  053094  1248  BE  60 23.72 N  48 36.13 W  GPS     906
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       2  ROS  053094  1254  BO  60 23.83 N  48 36.36 W  GPS                     250     253      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      27       2  ROS  053094  1319  EN  60 24.13 N  48 37.19 W  GPS    1131
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      28       1  ROS  053094  1433  BE  60 17.65 N  48 33.49 W  GPS    2780
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      28       1  ROS  053094  1520  BO  60 17.86 N  48 35.52 W  GPS    2780      20    2808    2757      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #25
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      28       1  ROS  053094  1629  EN  60 17.90 N  48 38.09 W  GPS    2818
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      29       1  ROS  053094  1822  BE  60 10.48 N  48 40.33 W  GPS    2870
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      29       1  ROS  053094  1913  BO  60 10.75 N  48 43.43 W  GPS    2916      16    2880    2895      18   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #24
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      29       1  ROS  053094  2029  EN  60 10.70 N  48 46.70 W  GPS    2884
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      30       1  ROS  053094  2210  BE  59 59.08 N  48 53.79 W  GPS    3034
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      30       1  ROS  053094  2300  BO  59 59.38 N  48 53.76 W  GPS    3034      15    3001    3029      20   1-
10,27,28,36                  Location #23
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      30       1  ROS  053194  0015  EN  59 59.78 N  48 53.25 W  GPS    3006
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      31       1  ROS  053194  0219  BE  59 45.04 N  49 09.48 W  GPS    3240
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      31       1  ROS  053194  0313  BO  59 44.79 N  49 08.57 W  GPS    3240       2    3226    3245      20   1-
10,24,27,28,36               Location #22
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      31       1  ROS  053194  0431  EN  59 44.51 N  49 07.69 W  GPS    3240
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      32       1  ROS  053194  0656  BE  59 28.68 N  49 28.64 W  GPS    3418
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      32       1  ROS  053194  0757  BO  59 28.33 N  49 28.74 W  GPS    3418       1    3380    3419      20   1-8,27,28,36                   
Location #21
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      32       1  ROS  053194  0917  EN  59 27.92 N  49 22.66 W  GPS    3418
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       1  ROS  053194  1333  BE  59 03.35 N  49 55.56 W  GPS    3484
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       1  ROS  053194  1340  BO  59 03.33 N  49 55.41 W  GPS    3484             300     304      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       1  ROS  053194  1405  EN  59 03.33 N  49 54.99 W  GPS    3484
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       2  ROS  053194  1508  BE  59 03.61 N  49 56.71 W  GPS    3484
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       2  ROS  053194  1611  BO  59 03.50 N  49 56.49 W  GPS    3484      18    3429    3483      20   1-
10,24,27,28,36               Location #20
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      33       2  ROS  053194  1733  EN  59 03.56 N  49 55.94 W  GPS    3484
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      34       1  ROS  053194  2035  BE  58 38.34 N  50 24.78 W  GPS    3549
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      34       1  ROS  053194  2138  BO  58 38.48 N  50 23.49 W  GPS    3549      18    3595    3547      20   1-8,27,28,36                   
Location #19
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      34       1  ROS  053194  2302  EN  58 38.38 N  50 22.23 W  GPS    3549
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      35       1  ROS  060194  0211  BE  58 13.17 N  50 52.48 W  GPS    3569
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      35       1  ROS  060194  0313  BO  58 13.30 N  50 51.25 W  GPS    3571       2    3575    3585      20   1-
10,24,27,28,36               Location #18
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      35       1  ROS  060194  0434  EN  58 13.78 N  50 49.58 W  GPS    3569
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      36       1  ROS  060194  0759  BE  57 47.67 N  51 19.96 W  GPS    3662
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      36       1  ROS  060194  0902  BO  57 48.20 N  51 18.24 W  GPS    3646       2    3640    3657      20   1-8,27,28,36                   
Location #17
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      36       1  ROS  060194  1027  EN  57 48.79 N  51 16.00 W  GPS    3569
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       1  ROS  060194  1507  BE  57 23.54 N  51 45.39 W  GPS    3549
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       1  ROS  060194  1514  BO  57 23.77 N  51 45.23 W  GPS                     300     295      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       1  ROS  060194  1544  EN                          GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       2  ROS  060194  1701  BE  57 22.43 N  51 47.31 W  GPS    3549
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       2  ROS  060194  1804  BO  57 23.38 N  51 45.52 W  GPS    3549      18    3541    3550      20   1-
10,24,27,28,36               Location #16
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      37       2  ROS  060194  1920  EN  57 23.20 N  51 43.31 W  GPS    3549
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      38       1  ROS  060194  2315  BE  56 57.40 N  52 14.37 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      38       1  ROS  060294  0018  BO  56 58.09 N  52 13.49 W  GPS    3531      13    3601    3527      20   1-
8,23,24,27,28,36             Location #15
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      38       1  ROS  060294  0145  EN  56 59.04 N  52 12.30 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      39       1  ROS  060294  0331  BE  56 45.93 N  52 26.41 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      39       1  ROS  060294  0432  BO  56 45.97 N  52 26.81 W  GPS    3531       3    3492    3542       4   2                              
Revisit Mooring Location
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      39       1  ROS  060294  0530  EN  56 46.29 N  52 27.02 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      40       1  ROS  060294  0722  BE  56 32.19 N  52 40.80 W  GPS    3512
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      40       1  ROS  060294  0821  BO  56 32.56 N  52 41.38 W  GPS    3512       2    3463    3517      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location # 14
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      40       1  ROS  060294  0943  EN  56 32.76 N  52 42.06 W  GPS    3503
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       1  ROS  060294  1244  BE  56 19.52 N  52 52.48 W  GPS    3535
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       1  ROS  060294  1250  BO  56 19.52 N  52 52.34 W  GPS                     300     300      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       1  ROS  060294  1313  EN  56 19.43 N  52 51.70 W  GPS    3535
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       2  ROS  060294  1817  BE  56 19.55 N  52 53.80 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       2  ROS  060294  1919  BO  56 19.28 N  52 52.43 W  GPS    3531      15    3556    3534       1                                  
No water samples.  Read thermometers.
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      41       2  ROS  060294  2020  EN  56 19.13 N  52 51.70 W  GPS    3531
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      42       1  ROS  060294  2203  BE  56 06.83 N  53 07.00 W  GPS    3354
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      42       1  ROS  060294  2301  BO  56 06.65 N  53 06.78 W  GPS    3354      16    3285    3336      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #13
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      42       1  ROS  060394  0015  EN  56 05.95 N  53 05.87 W  GPS    3354
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      43       1  CTD  060394  0152  BE  55 58.67 N  53 15.02 W  GPS    3241
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      43       1  CTD  060394  0250  BO  55 58.27 N  53 13.66 W  GPS    3241      20    3402    3238       0
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      43       1  CTD  060394  0342  EN  55 58.45 N  53 12.87 W  GPS    3213
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      44       1  ROS  060394  0506  BE  55 50.55 N  53 23.24 W  GPS    3137
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      44       1  ROS  060394  0558  BO  55 50.63 N  53 22.40 W  GPS    3146       3    3166    3149      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #12
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      44       1  ROS  060394  0711  EN  55 50.72 N  53 21.48 W  GPS    3146
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      45       1  CTD  060394  0910  BE  55 42.81 N  53 29.48 W  GPS    3043
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      45       1  CTD  060394  1002  BO  55 42.49 N  53 28.48 W  GPS    3043       2    3024    3047       0
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      45       1  CTD  060394  1051  EN  55 42.38 N  53 27.79 W  GPS    3043
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       1  ROS  060394  1254  BE  55 36.59 N  53 36.32 W  GPS    2930
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       1  ROS  060394  1301  BO  55 36.57 N  53 36.22 W  GPS    2930             303     303      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       1  ROS  060394  1333  EN  55 36.50 N  53 35.65 W  GPS    2930
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       2  ROS  060394  1509  BE  55 36.72 N  53 37.66 W  GPS    2931
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       2  ROS  060394  1600  BO  55 36.43 N  53 36.81 W  GPS    2931      17    2937    2928      19   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #11
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      46       2  ROS  060394  1700  EN  55 35.90 N  53 36.26 W  GPS    2931
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      47       1  CTD  060394  1811  BE  55 30.84 N  53 43.76 W  GPS    2856
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      47       1  CTD  060394  1903  BO  55 30.30 N  53 43.79 W  GPS    2846      13    2950    2847       0
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      47       1  CTD  060394  1953  EN  55 30.12 N  53 43.63 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       1  ROS  060494  1019  BE  55 25.20 N  53 49.21 W  GPS    2709
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       1  ROS  060494  1108  BO  55 24.98 N  53 47.47 W  GPS    2687      10    2781    2670      18   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #10
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       1  ROS  060494  1211  EN  55 24.98 N  53 45.48 W  GPS    2733
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       2  ROS  060494  1505  BE  55 24.62 N  53 48.22 W  GPS    2668
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       2  ROS  060494  1512  BO  55 24.65 N  53 47.98 W  GPS                     300     302      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      48       2  ROS  060494  1537  EN  55 24.66 N  53 47.80 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      49       1  CTD  060494  2006  BE  55 20.62 N  53 54.17 W  GPS    2443
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      49       1  CTD  060494  2048  BO  55 20.56 N  53 53.24 W  GPS    2462      14    2412    2438       0
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      49       1  CTD  060494  2130  EN  55 20.55 N  56 52.19 W  GPS    2471
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      50       1  ROS  060494  2215  BE  55 15.87 N  53 58.86 W  GPS    2069
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      50       1  ROS  060494  2253  BO  55 15.92 N  53 57.58 W  GPS    2116      14    2099    2077      15   1-
8,23,24,27,28,36             Location #9
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      50       1  ROS  060494  2341  EN  55 16.07 N  53 55.77 W  GPS    2162
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      51       1  CTD  060594  0050  BE  55 11.24 N  54 03.31 W  GPS    1694
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      51       1  CTD  060594  0117  BO  55 11.18 N  54 02.24 W  GPS    1524      12    1591    1545       0
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      51       1  CTD  060594  0144  EN  55 11.20 N  54 01.14 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      52       1  ROS  060594  0232  BE  55 06.53 N  54 08.19 W  GPS     962
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      52       1  ROS  060594  0248  BO  55 06.54 N  54 07.96 W  GPS     941       5     907     920      11   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #8
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      52       1  ROS  060594  0316  EN  55 06.41 N  54 07.37 W  GPS     941
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      53       1  ROS  060594  0559  BE  54 58.43 N  54 12.50 W  GPS     447
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      53       1  ROS  060594  0608  BO  54 58.32 N  54 12.14 W  GPS     447       5     466     420       8   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36            Location #7
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      53       1  ROS  060594  0624  EN  54 58.37 N  54 11.66 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      54       1  ROS  060594  1445  BE  54 52.97 N  53 51.75 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      54       1  ROS  060594  1451  BO  54 52.86 N  53 51.57 W  GPS                     300     297      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      54       1  ROS  060594  1515  EN  54 52.58 N  53 51.09 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      55       1  ROS  060594  1848  BE  54 32.51 N  53 06.16 W  GPS     431
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      55       1  ROS  060594  1856  BO  54 32.50 N  53 06.24 W  GPS                     300     306      10                                  
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      55       1  ROS  060594  1910  EN  54 32.59 N  53 06.23 W  GPS     431
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      56       1  ROS  060594  2023  BE  54 39.18 N  52 54.06 W  GPS     502
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      56       1  ROS  060594  2030  BO  54 39.15 N  52 54.09 W  GPS                     300     308      10                                  
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      56       1  ROS  060594  2041  EN  54 39.18 N  52 54.08 W  GPS     502
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      57       1  ROS  060694  0200  BE  55 07.86 N  53 59.67 W  GPS     466
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      57       1  ROS  060694  0207  BO  55 07.92 N  53 59.47 W  GPS     451             300     302      10                                  
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      57       1  ROS  060694  0220  EN  55 07.89 N  53 58.89 W  GPS     455
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      58       1  CTD  060694  0329  BE  55 15.12 N  53 47.66 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      58       1  CTD  060694  0338  BO  55 15.14 N  53 47.58 W  GPS                             508       0                                  
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      58       1  CTD  060694  0348  EN  55 15.16 N  53 47.56 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      59       1  CTD  060694  0838  BE  54 46.83 N  52 41.86 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      59       1  CTD  060694  0849  BO  54 46.88 N  52 42.00 W  GPS                             506       0                                  
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      59       1  CTD  060694  0857  EN  54 46.88 N  52 42.08 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      60       1  ROS  060694  1351  BE  54 53.14 N  52 56.58 W  GPS     259
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      60       1  ROS  060694  1356  BO  54 53.15 N  52 56.60 W  GPS                     231     229      20   36                             
JGOFS Station
18HU94008/1   AR7/W      60       1  ROS  060694  1414  EN  54 53.29 N  52 56.67 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR13       61       1  ROS  060794  2142  BE  51 14.89 N  50 29.91 W  GPS     328
18HU94008/1   AR13       61       1  ROS  060794  2149  BO  51 14.89 N  50 29.91 W  GPS     328      12     296     302       7   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       61       1  ROS  060794  2201  EN  51 14.91 N  50 29.90 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR13       62       1  ROS  060894  0031  BE  51 15.07 N  49 55.07 W  GPS     850
18HU94008/1   AR13       62       1  ROS  060894  0047  BO  51 15.28 N  49 55.15 W  GPS              14     885     860       9   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       62       1  ROS  060894  0112  EN  51 15.52 N  49 55.27 W  GPS     879
18HU94008/1   AR13       63       1  ROS  060894  0242  BE  51 22.33 N  49 36.89 W  GPS    2079
18HU94008/1   AR13       63       1  ROS  060894  0319  BO  51 22.47 N  49 36.84 W  GPS    2097       5    2074    2072      15   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       63       1  ROS  060894  0405  EN  51 22.42 N  49 36.62 W  GPS    2097
18HU94008/1   AR13       64       1  ROS  060894  0614  BE  51 34.29 N  49 10.74 W  GPS    2977
18HU94008/1   AR13       64       1  ROS  060894  0705  BO  51 34.03 N  49 10.71 W  GPS    2964       2    2953    2951      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       64       1  ROS  060894  0813  EN  51 33.70 N  49 10.33 W  GPS    2964
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       1  ROS  060894  1144  BE  51 49.37 N  48 38.20 W  GPS    3512
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       1  ROS  060894  1150  BO  51 49.45 N  48 38.30 W  GPS    3512             200     191      20   36
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       1  ROS  060894  1209  EN  51 49.57 N  48 39.12 W  GPS
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       2  ROS  060994  0308  BE  51 48.94 N  48 36.86 W  GPS    3526
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       2  ROS  060994  0412  BO  51 49.13 N  48 36.57 W  GPS    3526       5    3542    3530      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       65       2  ROS  060994  0507  EN  51 49.31 N  48 35.98 W  GPS    3526
18HU94008/1   AR13       66       1  ROS  060994  0823  BE  52 06.60 N  47 56.62 W  GPS    3792
18HU94008/1   AR13       66       1  ROS  060994  0933  BO  52 07.33 N  47 55.83 W  GPS    3792       3    3950    3841      20   1-
10,23,24,27,28,36
18HU94008/1   AR13       66       1  ROS  060994  1034  EN  52 07.86 N  47 55.59 W  GPS

