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Cruise Report: HLY0203
(Updated MAR 2012)



Highlights

                           Cruise Summary Information

          WOCE Section Designation  HLY0203
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  32H120020718
                  Chief Scientists  J.M. Grebmeier & L.W. Cooper/UMCES
                             Dates  2002 JUL 15 - 2002 AUG 26
                              Ship  USCGC Healy
                     Ports of call  Nome, Alaska

                                                  73° 42.45' N
             Geographic Boundaries  168° 53.61' W              151° 47.12' W
                                                  65° 40.05' N

                          Stations  45
      Floats and drifters deployed  0
    Moorings deployed or recovered  0

                          Recent Contact Information:

                            Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
     569 Dabney Hall • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37996-1610
       Phone: (865) 974-2925 • Lab: (865)974-6453 • Fax: (865) 974-3067 
                            Email: jgrebmei@utk.edu

                                Lee W. Cooper
 10515 Research Dr, Suite 100 • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37932 
    Phone: (865) 974-2990 • Fax: (865) 974-7896 • Email: lcooper1@utk.edu




               HLY-02-03 Service Group Bottle Data Documentation
                           15 July to 26 August 2002
                         Nome, Alaska to Nome, Alaska

                       Dr. Lou Codispoti, (on board P1),
                             Horn Point Laboratory
                                 P.O. Box 775
                             2020 Horns Point Road
                            Cambridge MD 21613-0775
                               410-221-8479 phone
                            codispot@hpl.umces.edu


                              Dr. Jim Swift (PT)
                      Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                   University of California, San Diego, 0214
                                9500 Gilman Dr.
                            La Jolla, CA 92093-0214
                               858-534-3387 phone
                                jswift@ucsd.edu


On board team: Kristin Sanborn, Carny Cheng, Emily Cooper, Doug Masten, 
               Rob Palomares
Other team members: John Gunn (ADCP), Dean Stockwell (Chlorophyll)

Funded by National Science Foundation OPPO125399


Data Set Overview

159 CTD casts on 45 stations were attempted. Four of these were completely 
aborted: no CTD data and no water samples, three additional casts were 
aborted, the CTD data was reported, but there were no water samples.

Instrumentation

CTD casts were performed with a rosette system consisting of a 12-place 
rosette frame with 30 liter Niskin-type bottles equipped with internal plastic 
coated springs and a 24-place SBE-32 Carousel pylon. Underwater electronic 
components consisted of-

• Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 9llplus CTD,
• WETLabs C-Star transmissometer with a 25cm path length and 660nm wavelength,
• Biospherical Instruments, Inc. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 
  sensor,
• Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka fluorometer, and
• Simrad, 5 volt - 500 meters altimeter. 

Additionally, a Dr. Haardt fluorometer designed to detect colored organic 
matter (CDOM), and a Secchi disk were mounted on the CTD package. The CTD, 
transmissometer and fluorometers were mounted horizontally along the bottom 
of the rosette frame. The PAR sensor was located at the top of the rosette. 
The surface PAR sensor was located on the aft, port side of the flight deck. 
All sensors except the Secchi disk were interfaced with the CTD system. This 
instrument package provided pressure, dual temperature and dual conductivity 
channels as well as light transmissivity and fluorometric signals at a sample 
rate of 24 scans per second.

The rosette system was suspended from a standard UNOLS 3 conductor 0.322" 
electromechanical cable.

The CTD used was serial number 09P12613-0474 and the sensor's model and serial 
numbers are listed in Table 1.


TABLE 1: Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers

  Primary       Primary     Secondary     Secondary
Temperature  Conductivity  Temperature  Conductivity  Pressure  Transmissometer
-----------  ------------  -----------  ------------  --------  ---------------
 SBE 3plus      SBE 4C      SBE 3plus     SBE 4C      401K-105      C-Star
  03-2324      04-2112       03-2166     04-23193      69008       CST-479DR

                                  Surface
             Oxygen  Fluorometer    PAR      PAR     Altimeter
             ------  -----------  --------  -------  ---------
             SBE 43   Aqua 3      QSP-2300  QSR-240     807    
             0060     88191         4644     6368     9701090    


The bottles on the rosette were General Oceanic 30 liter bottles. The bottles 
were equipped with nylon coated springs and silicone O-rings. Bottle numbering 
is 1 to 12 with 12 tripped first usually at the deepest sampling level and 1 
tripped last at the shallowest sampling level.

The distance of the mid-points of the 30 L Niskin bottles from the bottom- 
mounted sensors was ~1m. The PAR sensor was ~0.6 m above the mid-point of the 
Niskin bottles, and the Secchi disk which is mounted on a rod was ~0.9 m above 
the mid-point of the 30 L Niskin bottles. The distance between the PAR sensor 
and the bottom mounted sensors was ~1.7 m. The 30 Liter Niskin bottles are 
~1.0 m long.

Most of the 30 liter Niskin-type bottles were manufactured by General 
Oceanics, but some were Ocean Test Equipment bottles that had their external 
springs replaced with the same internal springs used in the General Oceanics 
bottles. Bottle 7 was replaced after station 010 cast 01 and again after 
station 24 cast 4. Bottle 4 was replaced after station 14 cast 2. To minimize 
toxicity the bottles were equipped with silicone O-rings. At times the 
plastic coating on the springs broke down and some rust was apparent. To 
minimize the occurrence of rust, the springs were inspected before the cruise 
and, as feasible during the cruise. During the mid-cruise servicing of the 
CTD/rosette system that occurred following station 024 cast 04, all springs 
were inspected and some were re-coated with plastic


CTD DATA

CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure, temperature and 
conductivity sensors were used to generate coefficients for the calculation 
of these parameters from their respective sensor frequencies. The 
conductivity calibrations were performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. in 
Bellevue, Washington. Calibrations of the pressure and temperature sensors 
were performed by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Shipboard Technical 
Support/Oceanographic Data Facility (SIO/STS/ODF) personnel. These laboratory 
temperature calibrations were referenced to the International Temperature 
Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).

CTD Data Acquisition

The CTD 911plus was operated generally as suggested in the Sea-Bird CTD 
Operating and Repair Manual, which contains a description of the system, its 
operation and functions (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2002). One difference 
from Sea-Bird's operation is that data acquisition was started on deck. This 
procedure allows a check of the pressure offset and an unblocked reading of 
the transmissometer. The Seasoft acquisition program as described in the CTD 
Data Acquisition Software Manual (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2001) provided 
a real-time graphical display of selected parameters adequate to monitor CTD 
performance and information for the selection of bottle-tripping depths. Raw 
data from the CTD were archived on the PC's hard disk at the full 24 Hz 
sampling rate.


A CTD Station Sheet form was filled in for each deployment, providing a 
record of times, positions, bottom depth, bottle sampling depths, and every 
attempt to trip a bottle, as well as any pertinent comments. When the 
equipment and personnel were ready, data acquisition was started. The CTD 
operator pressed a control key (flag), which appends a summary line into one 
of the two files created for "inventory" files. These files contain a summary 
of the time, ship's position, and current scan number each time the control 
key is pressed. They are used as a reference to mark important events during 
the cast, such as on deck pressure, when the lowering was initiated, when the 
package was at the bottom, when bottles were tripped and the on-deck pressure 
with ending position. After the initial flag, the rosette/CTD system was 
lowered into the water and held at or near the surface for 3-5 minutes to 
permit activation of the CTD pumps and equilibration of the sensors. Then, 
the operator again created a flag and simultaneously directed the winch 
operator to begin lowering. The operator created a flag at the deepest point 
of the cast. Bottom depths were calculated by combining the distance above 
bottom, reported by the altimeter, and the maximum depth of the CTD package 
when bottom altimeter readings were available. If there was no altimeter 
reading, then the bottom depth is reported from the ship's Bathy 2000 or 
Knudsen model 320B/R depth recorder. These data, corrected for the draft of 
the transducer, were logged in uncorrected meters (assuming a sound velocity 
of 1500 m/sec). If the altimeter and depth recorder data were unavailable, 
the final resort was to use depth data from the SeaBeam system (corrected 
sound velocities).

The depth of each bottle trip was written on the station log and flagged in 
the data file. The performance of all sensors was monitored during the cast. 
After the rosette recovery, the operator created a final flag denoting the 
end of the cast. Any faulty equipment or exceptionally noisy data were noted 
on the log sheet.

CTD Data Processing

Sea-Bird Seasoft CTD processing software was employed. The processing 
programs are outlined below. A more complete description may be found in the 
Sea-Bird Software Manual which is available from the Sea-Bird website 
(www.seabird. com).

The sequence of programs that were run in processing CTD data from this 
cruise are as follows:

  • DATCNV - Converts data from raw frequencies and voltages to corrected 
    engineering units
  • WILDEDIT - Eliminates large spikes
  • CELL TM - Applies conductivity cell thermal mass correction
  • FILTER - A low pass filter to smooth pressure for LOOPEDIT
  • LOOPEDIT - Marks scans where velocity is less than selected value to 
    avoid pressure reversals from ship roll, or during bottle flushing.
  • DERIVE - Computes calculated parameters
  • BINAVG - Average data into desired pressure bins 

The quality control steps included:

  • Sensor verification After the CTD was set up and sensor serial numbers 
    and sensor location were entered into the computer, and another check 
    was made to verify that there were no tabulation errors.
  • Seasoft Configuration File was reviewed to verify that individual 
    sensors were represented correctly, with the correct coefficients.
  • Temperature was verified by comparing primary and secondary sensor data.
  • Conductivity was checked by comparison of the two sensors with each 
    other and with bottle salinity samples.
  • Position Check A chart of the ship's track was produced and reviewed for 
    any serious problems. The positions were acquired from the ship's 
    Trimble P-code navigation system.
  • Visual Check Plots of each usable cast were produced and reviewed for any 
    noise and spikes that may have been missed by the processing programs.
  • The density profile was checked for inversions that might have been 
    produced by sensor noise or response mismatches. Additional Sea-Bird 
    programs were run on all or some stations to maximize the data quality.
  • WFILTER - Provides a median filter for data smoothing of .CNV files
  • WFILTER was employed on selected stations where there were spikes in the 
    data, specifically in the transmissometer data. This program was run 
    after WTLDEDIT.Pressure

CTD values determined on deck before and after each cast were compared to 
determine a pressure offset correction. The comparison suggested that no 
pressure offset was necessary.

Temperature

The primary temperature sensor was calibrated just before the expedition. The 
dual temperature sensors were monitored during the expedition and exhibited 
good agreement. It appears that no additional corrections need to be applied.

Conductivity

Corrected CTD pressure and temperature values were used with bottle 
salinities to back-calculate bottle conductivities. Comparison of these 
bottle values with the CTD primary conductivity values indicated no 
additional offset needed to be applied to the data.

Transmissometer

A WETLabs calibrated transmissometer was utilized throughout the cruise. An 
on deck calibration check was performed and even though there was little 
degradation from the last calibration the new coefficients were applied to 
the data set.

Oxygen, Fluorometer, and PAR

The CTD oxygen data are only intended for qualitative use. Similarly, the 
fluorometric and PAR data are not calibrated.

The winch grounding system was periodically cleaned to reduce modulo errors, 
which were not a significant problem during this leg (HLY0203). During the 
previous leg (HLY0201) there were several modulo word errors at the beginning 
of the expedition. A check of all connections and cables was performed and it 
was found that a shielding around the winch motor eliminated the spiking and 
most of the noise in the CTD signal.

The CTD down trace is reported unless there was a problem then the up trace 
is reported. A notation was made in the comments file if this was necessary.

CTD Data Footnoting

WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned as defined in the WOCE 
Operations Manual (Joyce and Corry, 1994). These flags and interpretation are 
tabulated in the CTD and Bottle Data Distribution, Quality Flags section of 
this document.

Data Comments

Fine structure including minor density inversions that may appear in the 
upper 10 m of the profiles is most likely caused by ship discharges/ 
turbulence. A comparison cast made from a small boat at station 14 is 
included in the data on the EOL web site. These data revealed generally 
similar profiles, but minor density inversions occurred in the shipboard 
profile and were absent in the profile taken from the small boat. To minimize 
the ship effect, engine cooling water discharges were restricted to the port 
side of the Healy starting with station 002 during the previous leg (HLY0201) 
and continuing on this leg. At about this time (station 002, HLY0201), a "yo 
yo" procedure was adopted to induce bottle flushing whenever waves and ship 
motion were weak. This procedure was employed for all bottle trips under 
quiescent conditions except for productivity casts, and for some thin low 
salinity surface lenses. In the latter cases, the CTD was raised slowly so as 
not to disturb the thin low-salinity surface layers with the CTD wake, and 
the soak time was relied on to flush the bottle. Even though this procedure 
may not have adequately flushed the surface bottle, it was sufficient to 
reveal some large salinity differences in the ~1m depth interval separating 
the CTD sensor from the bottle mid-point. These situations occurred in 
melting ice under low winds and waves, and it is suspected that the water may 
have been stratified even within the surface Niskin bottle. Regardless of the 
procedure employed, the CTD operators were instructed to wait for at least 1 
minute (typically > 1.5 minutes) before tripping the bottle.

All salinity, nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected by the service 
team have gone through several stages of editing and are not likely to change 
significantly.

Bottle Data

There were five generic types of casts performed with differing sampling 
protocols. Generally speaking, the sampling during these casts were as 
follows, but there is some cast-to-cast variation.

  • Hydrographic
    o Oxygen,
    o Total C02,
    o Total Alkalinity,
    o Nutrients
    o Chlorophyll
    o Salinity
    o 0181016
    o Dissolved Organic Carbon
    o Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
    o Particulate Organic Matter
    o Benthic
    o Stable Isotopes
    o Radioisotopes
  • Productivity
    o Oxygen and/or Oxygen Respiration
    o Productivity
    o Nutrients
    o Chlorophyll
    o HPLC
    o Bacteria
    o Micro Zooplankton
    o Bio-Optics
  • Bio-Markers
    o Dissolved Organic Matter
    o Lignin
  • Radium
    o Nutrients
    o Radium
  • Zooplankton
    o Nutrients

There were two other special types of casts for Cesium 137 and bacterial DNA.

The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette 
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for the 
cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted about 
the rosette and bottles.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before the air vent 
on the bottle, to check for air leaks. This observation together with other 
diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", "valve left open") that 
might later prove useful in determining sample integrity were routinely noted 
on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample 
draw temperature from the bottle.

Pressure and Temperatures

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations were obtained 
by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at the time the bottle was closed 
and then applying the appropriate calibration data.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of 
1990.

Salinity

596 salinity samples were analyzed.

Equipment and Techniques

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml high alumina borosilicate bottles, 
which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling. The bottles were 
sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps. This 
container provides very low container dissolution and sample evaporation.

A Guildline Autosal 8400A #57-526, standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater 
(SSW) batch P-140, was used to measure the salinities. Prior to the analyses, 
the samples were stored to permit equilibration to laboratory temperature, 
usually 8-20 hours. The salinometer was modified by ODF and contained an 
interface for computer-aided measurement. The salinometer was standardized 
with a fresh vial of standard seawater at the beginning and end of the run. 
The SSW vial at the end of the run was used as an unknown to check for drift. 
The salinometer cell was flushed until two successive readings met software 
criteria for consistency; these were then averaged for a final result. The 
estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than 
0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard seawater batch used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was fair, sometimes 
varying as much as 3.5°C during a run of samples. The laboratory temperature 
was generally 1-2°C lower than the Autosal bath temperature.

Oxygen

729 samples were analyzed for oxygen.

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated 
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the absorption 
of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light. The titration of the samples and the 
data logging were controlled by PC software. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 
Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret. The ODF method used a 
whole-bottle modified-Winder titration following the technique of Carpenter 
(1965) with modifications by Culberson (1991), but with higher concentrations 
of potassium iodate standard (approximately 0.012N) and thiosulfate solution 
(55 g/l). Standard KI03 solutions prepared ashore were run at the beginning 
of each run. Reagent and distilled water blanks were determined, to account 
for presence of oxidizing or reducing materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette 
was brought on board. Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125m1 volume- 
calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed, then filled and allowed to overflow for 
at least 3 flask volumes. The sample draw temperature was measured with a 
small platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the drawing tube. Reagents 
were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice 
to assure thorough dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately after 
drawing, and then again after about 20 minutes. The samples were usually 
analyzed within a few hours of collection. Thiosulfate normalities were 
calculated from each standardization and corrected to 20°C. The 20°C 
normalities and the blanks were plotted versus time and were reviewed for 
possible problems. New thiosulfate normalities were recalculated as a linear 
function of time, if warranted. The oxygen data were recalculated using the 
smoothed normality and an averaged reagent blank. Oxygens were converted from 
milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram using the sampling 
temperature.

Volumetric Calibration

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed deionized 
water to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory. This is done 
once before using flasks for the first time and periodically thereafter when 
a suspect bottle volume is detected. The volumetric flasks used in preparing 
standards were volume-calibrated by the same method, as was the 10 ml Dosimat 
buret used to dispense standard iodate solution.

Standards

Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and was 
reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.

Nutrients

1603 samples were analyzed for nutrients.

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate+nitrite, urea, ammonium, and 
nitrite) were performed on an ODF-modified 6-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer 
II, generally within a few hours after sample collection. Occasionally 
samples were refrigerated for longer periods and the data are annotated if it 
was felt that the storage time had a significant effect. The analog outputs 
from each of the six channels were digitized and logged automatically by 
computer (PC) at 2-second intervals. A suite of frozen nutrient samples from 
the Bering Sea (~300) left for us to analyze by participants in HLYO2O2 (the 
cruise that separated the two Process cruises, HLY0201 and HLY0203) was also 
analyzed. Many of the frozen samples had extremely high silicate 
concentrations and only those values of about 50 micromolar or less should be 
considered reliable. This is because of the problem of silicate 
polymerization during freezing and because the silicate method employed was 
optimized for waters with silicate concentrations between 0 and 90 
micromolar. The samples were thawed in a warm tap water bath and analyzed as 
soon as possible in order to obtain the best possible data on the nutrients 
other than silicate. For a discussion of the effects of freezing on silicate 
concentrations see Macdonald et al. (1986).

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al., (Armstrong, 
1967). The sample was passed through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance 
measured at 660nm.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. (Armstrong 1967) procedure was used 
for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For the nitrate plus nitrite 
analysis, the seawater sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column 
where nitrate was quantitatively reduced to nitrite. The stream was then 
passed through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 540nm. The same 
technique was employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column was 
bypassed, and a 50mm flowcell was used for measurement. Periodic checks of 
the column efficiency were made by running alternate equal concentrations of 
NO2 and NO3 through the NO3 channel to ensure that column efficiencies were 
high (> 95%). Nitrite concentrations were subtracted from the nitrate+nitrite 
values to obtain nitrate concentrations.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms 
[Bernhardt 1967.] technique. The reaction product was heated to ~55°C to 
enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and the 
absorbance measured at 820m.

Ammonium was determined by the Berthelot reaction (Patton and Crouch 1977) in 
which sodium hypochlorite and phenol react with ammonium ion to produce 
indophenol blue, a blue compound, with an absorption maximum at 637nm. The 
solution was heated to 55°C and passed through a 50mm flowcell at 640nm.

Urea was analyzed via a modification of the method of Rahmatullah and Boyde 
(1980), which is based on the classic diacetyl monoxime method. A solution of 
diacetyl monoxime, thiosemicarbizide and acetone is followed by the addition 
of ferric chloride, which acts as a catalyst. The resultant solution is 
heated to 90°C and passed through a 50mm flowcell. The absorbance is measured 
at 520nm.

Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml polypropylene, screw-capped "oak-ridge 
type" centrifuge tubes. The tubes were cleaned with 10% HC1 and rinsed with 
sample three times before filling. Standardizations were performed at the 
beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically 6-24 samples) with an 
intermediate concentration mixed nutrient standard prepared prior to each run 
from a secondary standard in a low-nutrient seawater matrix. The secondary 
standards were prepared aboard ship by dilution from primary standard 
solutions. Dry standards were pre-weighed at the laboratory at ODF, and 
transported to the vessel for dilution to the primary standard. Sets of 6-7 
different standard concentrations covering the range of sample concentrations 
were analyzed periodically to determine the deviation from linearity, if any, 
as a function of concentration for each nutrient analysis. A correction for 
non-linearity was applied to the final nutrient concentrations when 
necessary. After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file was 
processed to produce another file of response factors, baseline values, and 
absorbances. Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for accuracy 
against values taken from a strip chart recording. A stable deep seawater 
check sample was run frequently as a substandard check.

Nutrients, when reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from 
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm 
pressure (0 db), in situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 
25°C.

Also reported is N**, a parameter calculated from nitrate, nitrite, ammonium 
and phosphate concentrations. This parameter is defined as N** = ((N-16P + 
2.98) µM) 0.87, where P =the phosphate concentration in µM, and N = 
(nitrate+nitrite+ammonium in µM). This parameter is quite similar to the 

original N* parameter defined by Gruber and Sarmiento (1997) except that we 
include ammonium concentrations because of the high ammonium concentrations 
that can occur in the SBI region. The underlying premise of both N* and N** 
is that the N/P atomic regeneration ratio in seawater is normally close to 
the 16/1 N/P Redfield ratio. The assumption is that deviations from this 
ratio in N/P ratios in a water mass arise primarily from nitrogen fixation 
which produces organic matter with N/P ratios in excess of 16/1, or 
denitrification which consumes nitrate and other forms of fixed nitrogen and 
converts these forms into elemental dinitrogen gas. Values less than 2.98 
suggest that a water mass has experienced net denitrification and higher 
values suggest net nitrogen fixation. The factors 2.98 and 0.87 are explained 
by Gruber and Sarmiento (1997), and there is some debate about whether they 
should be included, but we do so in order to facilitate comparison with the 
distributions presented by Gruber and Sarmiento (1997).

Nutrient Standards

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Johnson Matthey 
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be >98% 
pure. Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate 
(KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Company., and the 
supplier reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively. 
Ammonia, (NH4(SO4)2), and Urea primary standards were obtained from Fisher 
Scientific and reported to be >99% pure. In addition, during the HLY0201 leg, 
L.A. Codispoti supplied independent comparisons standards for all nutrients. 
All standard intercomparisons, produced agreement well within the precision 
of the employed methods.

Post Cruise QA of Nutrient and Dissolved Oxygen Data

Post cruise quality assurance of the nutrient data included an analysis of 
the deep-water "check samples" and of abyssal nutrient and dissolved oxygen 
concentrations. This report appears as an Addendum to this document.

Bottle Data Processing

After the samples were drawn and analyzed, the next stage of processing 
involved merging the different data streams into a common file. The rosette 
cast and bottle numbers were the primary identification for all ODF-analyzed 
samples taken from the bottle, and were used to merge the analytical results 
with the CTD data associated with the bottle.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or 
bottle data processors were entered into a computer file associated with each 
station (the "quality" file) as part of the quality control procedure. These 
comments are included in Appendix A. Sample data from bottles suspected of 
leaking were checked to see if the properties were consistent with the 
profile for the cast, with adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the 
CTD data. Direct inspection of the tabular data, property-property plots and 
vertical sections were all employed to check the data. Revisions were made 
whenever there was an objective reason to delete, annotate or re-calculate a 
datum. WHP water sample flags were selected to indicate the reliability of 
the individual parameters affected by the comments. WHP bottle flags were 
assigned where evidence showed the entire bottle was affected, as in the case 
of a leak, or a bottle trip at other than the intended depth.

Bottle Data Footnoting

WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned as defined in the WOCE 
Operations Manual [Joyce]. These flags and interpretation as tabulated in the 
Data Distribution, Bottle Data, Quality Flags section of this document.

Data Distribution

The CTD and bottle data can be obtained via the NCAR/Earth Observing 
Laboratory (formerly JOSS [Joint Office for Science Support/UCAR]) web-site, 
www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi The data are reported using the WHP-Exchange 
(WOCE Hydrographic Program) format and the quality coding follows those 
outlined by the WOCE program (Joyce, 1994). In addition, the format can be 
obtained through the WOCE Hydrographic Program web-site, http://WHPO.ucsd.edu 
The descriptions in this document have been edited from the reference to 
annotate the format specific to this data distribution. ASCII files for each 
station were created with comments recorded on the CTD Station Logs during 
data acquisition. These ASCII files include data processing comments noting 
any problems, the resolution, and the footnoting that may have occurred. A 
separate ASCII file was also created with the comments from the Sample Log 
Sheets that include problems with the Niskin bottles that could compromise 
the samples. Comments arising from inspection and checking of the data are 
also included in the ASCII file. These comment files are also in the EOL 
database. Raw (unprocessed) CTD data are located in the EOL database as well. 
The file hly0203_ctd_raw.zip contains ssscc.cfg, ssscc.con, ssscc.dat and 
ssscc.hdr (where sss = station number and cc = cast number) files as acquired 
by the SeaBird SeaSave acquisition program, sbscan. sum file and calibration 
information for all sensors. The *.cfg file is datcnv.cfg with the beginning 
scan number and *.con files may include a correction based on the bottle 
salinity samples. The sbscan.sum file is a list of stations and beginning 
scan number. Configuration files for the various SeaBird CTD processing 
programs are also included where applicable.



General rules for WHP-exchange:

  1. Each line must end with a carriage return or end-of-line.
  2. With the exception of the file type line, lines starting with a "#" 
     character, or including and following a line which reads "END_DATA", 
     each line in the file must have exactly the same number of commas as do 
     all other lines in that file.
  3. The name of a quality flag always begins with the name of the parameter 
     with which it is associated, followed by an underscore character, 
     followed by "FLAG", followed by an underscore, and then followed by an 
     alphanumeric character, W.
  4. The "missing value" for a data value is always defined as -999, but 
     written in the decimal place format of the parameter in question. For 
     example, a missing salinity would be written -999.0000 or a missing 
     phosphate -999.00.
  5. The first four characters of the EXPOCODE are the U.S. National 
     Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) country-ship code, then followed by up 
     to an 8 characters expedition name of cruise number, i.e. 32H1HLY0203.


CTD Data

CTD data is located in file 32Hlhly0203_ctl.zip. This file contains 
ssscc_ctl.csv files for each station and cast where sss=3 digit station 
identifier and cc=2 digit cast identifier.

Description of ssscc_ctl.csv file layout.

1St line     File type, here CTD, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp

             YYYYMMDDdivINSwho

             YYYY 4 digit year 
             MM 2 digit month 
             DD 2 digit day div division of Institution 
             INS Institution name 
             who initials of responsible person

# lines      A file may include 0-N optional lines at the start of a data 
             file, each beginning with a "#" character and each ending with 
             carriage return or end-of-line. Information relevant to file 
             change/update history may be included here, for example.
2nd line     NUMBER_HEADERS = n (n = 10 in this table and the 
             example_ctl.csv file.)
3rd line     EXPOCODE = [expocode] The expedition code, assigned by the user.
4th line     SECT_ID = [section] The SBI station specification. Optional.
5th line     STNNBR = [station] The originator's station number
6th line     CASTNO = [cast] The originator's cast number
7th line     DATE = [date] Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
8th line     TIME = [time] Cast time that CTD was at the deepest sampling 
             point.
9th line     LATITUDE = [latitude] Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign 
             (blank or missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd are 
             decimal degrees. Sign is positive in northern hemisphere, 
             negative in southern hemisphere
10th line    LONGITUDE = [longitude] Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "5" is sign 
             (blank or missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd are 
             decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" longitude, negative 
             for "west" longitude
11th line    DEPTH = [bottom] Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are 
             "meters" and should be specified in Line 2. In general, 
             corrected depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. 
             Documentation accompanying data includes notes on methodology of 
             correction. Optional.
next line    Parameter headings.
next line    Units.
data lines   A single _ct1.csv CTD data file will normally contain data 
             lines for one CTD cast.
END-DATA     The line after the last data line must read END DATA, and be 
             followed by a carriage return or end of line.
other lines  Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional 
             lines at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.


Parameter names, units, format, and comments

Parameter      Units    Format  Comments

CTDPRS         DB       F7.1    CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W           I1      CTDPRS quality flag
CTDTMP         ITS-90   F8.3    CTD temperature, degrees
                                C (ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W           I1      CTDTMP quality flag
CTDSAL                  F8.3    CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W           I1      CTDSAL quality flag
CTDOXY         UMOL/KG  F7.l    CTD oxygen,
                                micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W           I1      CTDOXY quality flag
XMISS          %TRANS   F7.1    Transmissivity, percent
                                transmittance
XMISS_FLAG_W            I1      XMISS quality flag
FLUOR          VOLTS    F8.3    Fluorometer, voltage
FLUORFLAGW              I1      Fluorometer quality flag
PAR            VOLTS    F8.3    PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W              I1      PAR quality flag
FLCDOM         VOLTS    F8.3    CDOM Fluorometer,
                                voltage
FLCDOMFLAGW             Il      CDOM Fluorometer
                                quality flag


Quality Flags

CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDTMP (CTD temperature), CTDSAL 
(CTD salinity) and XMISS (Transmissivity) parameters as follows:

  2 Acceptable measurement.
  3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station profile or 
    adjacent station comparisons (or possibly bottle data comparisons). The 
    data could be acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
  4 Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable.
  5 Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when CTD 
    salinity is flagged 3 or 4.
  9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast

WHP CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD 02), FLUORO 
(Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), SPAR (Surface PAR), and HAARDT (Haardt Fluorometer 
CDOM) parameter as follows:

  1 Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
  9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast. Either the 
    sensor cover was left on or the depth rating necessitated removal.



Bottle Data 

Description of 32H1HLY0203_hyl.csv file layout.

1st line     File type, here BOTTLE, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp
             YYYYMMDDdivINSwho
             YYYY 4 digit year
             MM   2 digit month
             DD   2 digit day
             div  division of Institution
             INS  Institution name
             who  initials of responsible person

#lines       A file may include 0-N optional lines, typically at the start of 
             a data file, but after the file type line, each beginning with a 
             "#" character and each ending with carriage return or 
             end-of-line. Information relevant to file change/update history 
             of the file itself may be included here, for example.
2nd line     Column headings.
3rd line     Units.
data lines   As many data lines may be included in a single file as is 
             convenient for the user, with the proviso that the number and 
             order of parameters, parameter order, headings, units, and 
             commas remain absolutely consistent throughout a single file.
END-DATA     The line after the last data line must read END-DATA.
other lines  Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional lines 
             at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.

Header columns

Parameter      Format  Description notes
EXPOCODE       A12     The expedition code, assigned by the user.
SECT-ID        A7      The SBI station specification. Optional.
STNNBR         A6      The originator's station number.
CASTNO         13      The originator's cast number.
BTLNBR         A7      The bottle identification number.
BTLNBR_FLAG_W  I1      BTLNBR quality flag.
DATE           18      Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
TIME           14      Cast time (UT) as HHMM
LATITUDE       F8.4    Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign (blank or 
                       missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd are 
                       decimal degrees. Sign is positive in northern 
                       hemisphere, negative in southern hemisphere
LONGITUDE      F9.4    Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "S" is sign (blank or 
                       missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd are 
                       decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" 
                       longitude, negative for "west" longitude
DEPTH          15      Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are "meters" 
                       and should be specified in Line 2. In general, 
                       corrected depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. 
                       Documentation accompanying data includes notes on 
                       methodology of correction. Optional.



Parameter names, units, and comments:
Parameter        Units     Format  Comments
CTDPRS           DB        F9.1    CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W              I1      CTDPRS quality flag
SAMPNO                     A7      Cast number *100+BTLNBR.
                                   Optional
CTDTMP           ITS-90    F9.4    CTD temperature, degrees C,
                                   (ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W              I1      CTDTMP quality flag
CTDCOND          MS/CM     F9.4    CTD Conductivity,
                                   milliSiemens/centimeter
CTDCOND_FLAG_W             I1      CTDCOND quality flag
CTDSAL                     F9.4    CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W              I1      CTDSAL quality flag
SALNTY                     F9.4    bottle salinity
SALNTY_FLAG_W              I1      SALNTY quality flag
SIGMA            THETA     F9.4    Sigma Theta
SIGMA FLAG W               I1      Sigma Theta quality flag
CTDOXY           UMOL/KG   F9.l    CTD oxygen,
                                   micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W              I1      CTDOXY quality flag
CTDOXY           ML/L      F9.3    CTD oxygen, milliliters/liter
CTDOXY_FLAG_W              I1      CTDOXY quality flag
OXYGEN           UMOL/KG   F9.l    bottle oxygen
OXYGEN_FLAG_W              I1      OXYGEN quality flag
OXYGEN           ML/L      F9.3    bottle oxygen, milliliters/liter
OXYGEN_FLAG_W              I1      OXYGEN quality flag
O2TEMP           DEGC      F6.l    Temperature of water from
                                   spigot during oxygen draw,
                                   degrees C
O2TEMP_FLAG_W              I1      O2TEMP quality flag
SILCAT           UMOL/KG   F9.2    SILICATE,
                                   micromoles/kilogram
SILCAT_FLAG_W              I1      SILCAT quality flag
SILCAT           UMOL/L    F9.2    SILCATE, micromoles/liter
SILCAT_FLAG_W              I1      SILCAT quality flag
NITRAT           UMOL/KG   F9.2    NITRATE,
                                   micromoles/kilogram
NITRAT_FLAG_W              I1      NITRAT quality flag
NITRAT           UMOL/L    F9.2    NITRATE, micromoles/liter
NITRAT_FLAG_W              I1      NITRAT quality flag
NITRIT           UMOL/KG   F9.2    NITRITE, micromoles/kilogram
NITRIT_FLAG_W              I1      NITRIT quality flag
NITRIT           UMOL/L    F9.2    NITRITE, micromoles/liter
NITRIT_FLAG_W              I1      NITRIT quality flag
PHSPHT           UMOL/KG   F9.2    PHOSPHATE,
                                   micromoles/kilogram
PHSPHT_FLAG_W              I1      PHSPHT quality flag
PHSPHT           UMOL/L    F9.2    PHOSPHATE, micromoles/liter
PHSPHT_FLAG_W              I1      PHSPHT quality flag
NH4              UMOL/KG   F9.2    AMMONIUM,
                                   micromoles/kilogram
NH4_FLAG_W                 I1      NH4 quality flag
NH4              UMOL/L    F9.2    AMMONIUM, micromoles/liter
NH4FLAGW                   I1      NH4 quality flag
UREA             UMOL/KG   F9.2    UREA, micromoles/kilogram
UREA_FLAG_W                I1      UREA quality flag
UREA             UMOL/L    F9.2    UREA, micromoles/liter
UREA_FLAG_W                I1      UREA quality flag
FLUORO           VOLTS     F8.3    Fluorometer, voltage
FLUORO_FLAG_W              I1      Fluorometer quality flag
PAR              VOLTS     F8.3    PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W                 I1      PAR quality flag
SPAR             VOLTS     F8.3    Surface PAR, voltage
SPAR_FLAG_W                I1      Surface PAR quality flag
HAARDT           VOLTS     F8.3    CDOM Fluorometer, voltage
HAARDT_FLAG_W              I1      CDOM Fluorometer quality flag
N**              UMOL/L    F9.2    N**, micromoles/liter
N**_FLAG_W                 I1      N** quality flag
CHLORO           UG/L      F8.2    Chlorophyll, micrograms/liter
CHLORO_FLAG_W              I1      Chlorophyll quality flag
PHAEO            UG/L      F8.2    Phaeophytin, micrograms/liter
PHAEOFLAGW                 I1      Phaeophytin quality flag
BTL_DEP          METERS    F5.0    bottle depth, meters
BTL_LAT                    F8.4    Latitude at time of bottle trip,
                                   decimal degrees
BTL_LONG                   F9.4    Longitude at time of bottle trip,
                                   decimal degrees
JULIAN                     F8.4    Julian day and time as fraction of
                                   day of the bottle trip.


Quality Flags

CTD data quality flags were assigned to CTDPRS (CTD pressure), CTDTMP (CTD 
temperature), CTDCOND (CTD Conductivity), and CTDSAL (CTD salinity) as defined 
in Data Distribution, CTD Data, Quality Flags section of this document. CTDOXY 
(CTD 02), FLUORO (Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), and SPAR (Surface PAR) parameters are 
flagged with either a 2, acceptable or 9, not drawn. 

Bottle quality flags were assigned to the BTLNBR (bottle number) as defined 
in the WOCE Operations Manual [Joyce] with the following additional 
interpretations:

  2  No problems noted.
  3  Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect on a 
     sample is identified by a flag of 3 on the bottle and a flag of 4 on the 
     oxygen. (Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only 
     affect gas samples.)
  4  Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth 
     were assigned a flag of 4. There may be no problems with the associated 
     water sample data.
  9  The samples were not drawn from this bottle.


WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the water samples using the 
following criteria:

  1  The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle, but the 
     results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
  2  Acceptable measurement.
  3  Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station profile or 
     adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data comparisons). No 
     notes from the analyst indicated a problem. The data could be 
     acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
  4  Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile, adjacent 
     stations or CTD data. There were analytical notes indicating a problem, 
     but data values were reported. Sampling and analytical errors were also 
     flagged as 4.
  5  Not reported. The sample was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
  9  The sample for this measurement was not drawn.

Not all of the quality flags are necessarily used on this data set.



References

Armstrong, F. A. J., Steams, C. R., and Strickland, D. H., "The measurement 
    of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the 
    Technicon AutoAnalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea Research, 14, 
    pp. 381-3 89, (1967).

Bernhardt, Wilhelms A., "The continuous determination of low level iron, 
    soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer", Technicon 
    Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).

Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler 
    dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp. 141-143 
    (1965).

Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R.T., and Zemlyak, F., "A 
    comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in 
    seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office (Aug 
    1991).

Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A. and J.M. Krest, "A Suggested 
    Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in 
    the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study". 
    1993. WOCE Hydrographic Programs Office, Methods Manual WHPO 91-1.

Gruber, N. and J.L. Sarmiento, "Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation 
    and denitrification." Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11(2), pp. 
    235-266,(1997).

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Committee on Oceanic 
    Research Manual and Guides 29 Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux 
    Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. UNESCO, l7Opp., (1994).

Joyce, T. ed., and Cony, C. ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic 
    Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/913. 1, 
    pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA (May 
    1994, Rev. 2), UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT

Macdonald, R.W., F. A. McLaughlin and C.S. Wong, "The storage of reactive 
    silicate samples by freezing," Limnology and Oceanography, 31, pp. 
    1139-1142 (1986).

Patton, C.J. and Crouch, S.R., "Spectrophotometric and kinetics investigation 
    of the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammonia," Analytical 
    Chemistry, 49(3), pp.464-469 (1977).

Rahmatullah, Mohammed, and Boyde, T.R.C, "Improvements in the determination 
    of urea using diacetyl monoxime; methods with and without 
    deproteinisation," Clinica Chimica Acta, 107, pp. 3-9 1980.

Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc, CTD Data Acquisition Software Manual, March 2001

Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., CTD Operating and Repair Manual, February 2002



APPENDIX A: Bottle Quality Comments

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PT data comments, and WOCE 
codes other than 2 from USCGC Healy, HLY-02-03. Comments from the Sample Logs 
and the results of ODF's investigations are included in this report. 
Investigation of data may include comparison of bottle salinity and oxygen 
data with CTD data, review of data plots of the station profile and adjoining 
stations, and rereading of charts (i.e. nutrients). Units stated in these 
comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for 
salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and 
micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate and Urea and 
Ammounium, if appropriate. The first number before the comment is the cast 
number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number (BTLNBR).



Station 001.001
102 Oxygen: "No endpoint, sample lost." 
112 Salinity was not drawn. Cast 1 Sample Log: "Had to rush cast because of 
shallow water and drift, but suspect bottles were adequately flushed. Ship 
roll 1 meter and waited 1 minute at each depth and yoyo'd." 

Station 002.001 
102 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule.
103 Sample Log: "Slight leak in bottle." Data are acceptable.
104 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule.
106 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule.
107 Sample Log: "Slight leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
108 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule.
110 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule.
112 Oxygen and salinity not drawn per sampling schedule. 

Station 003.001 
102-103 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
103 Sample Log: "Top vent not closed prior to cast." Data are acceptable, no 
samples taken, extra bottle trip." 
104 Sample Log: "Slight leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
106 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
107 Sample Log: "Slight leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
108 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
110 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
112 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 004.001 102 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
104 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
106 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
108 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
110 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
111 Sample Log: "Medium leak from bottom endcap. The cap was adjusted, 
leakage was stopped." Data are acceptable.
112 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.

Station 005.001
102 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
104 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
106 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
107 Salinity appears high in gradient area. Footnote salinity questionable. 
Sample Log: "Slight leak from out of spigot." Data are acceptable.
108 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
110 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
111 Sample Log: "Medium leak from bottom end cap after O2 draw." Data are 
acceptable.
112 Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn. Oxygen is about 0.03 high. 
Footnote questionable. 

Station 006.001 
102-111 Nutrients were not drawn. Cast 1 Radium cast. Oxygen and Salinity were 
not drawn. 

Station 006.002 
201 Oxygen, Salinity: "Samples were not drawn." 
204 Sample Log: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
208 Sample Log: "Very slight leak." Data are acceptable.
210 Sample Log: "Very slight leak." Data are acceptable. CTD salinity appears 
high, temperature and oxygen low. Bottle tripped in gradient. Okay. 

Station 007.001 
102 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
103 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
106 Sample Log: "Slight leak when spigot was pushed in and vent closed." Data 
are acceptable.
107 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
110 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn. Sample for POM. CTD trip 
information had have the "shed-wake" data, higher salinity lower temperatures 
eliminated. The water from lower in the water column "caught-up" with the CTD 
and mixed with the water from this level.
112 Attempted to reaverage trip level, spiking caused incorrect CTD salinity. 
Reaveraging was unsuccessful. Footnote CTD salinity bad. 

Station 007.002 
201 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
202 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
203 Salinity was not drawn.
204 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
205 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
206 Salinity was not drawn. Oxygen: "Noisy ending. Sample was overtitrated 
and backtitrated. Okay." Data are acceptable.
207 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
208 Salinity was not drawn.
209 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
210 Salinity was not drawn.
211 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
212 Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 007.003
301 Oxygen and Salinity were not drawn.
307-302 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn.
308 Oxygen and Salinity were not drawn.
312-309 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 008.001 
107 Sample Log: "Top vent was not tight." Data are acceptable.
108 Oxygen: "Noisy ending. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." 
Data are acceptable. 

Station 008.002 Cast 2 Oxygen, Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 010.001 
101 Oxygen: "Noisy ending. Sample overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data 
are acceptable.
104 Sample Log: "Bottom end cap leak." Oxygen: "Noisy ending. Sample 
overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are acceptable.
105 Sample Log: "Slight excess of Mn while pickling." Data are acceptable.
107 Sample Log: "Large leak, no oxygen was drawn." Data are acceptable.
112 Sample Log: "Tripped surface bottle quickly had to lower for ice then 
raise again, 02 temp appears high." Strong gradient, low temp, salinity and 
high oxygen. Data are acceptable. 

Station 010.002 
207 Sample Log: "Bottle changed out before cast." 
211 Sample Log: "Bottom end cap not seated properly, leaking, reseated then 
okay." Data are acceptable. 

Station 011.001 
101 Oxygen: "Noisy ending. Sample overtitrated and backtritrated. Okay." Data 
are acceptable.
104 Oxygen and Nutrients were not drawn.
107 Sample Log: "Slight drip from spigot after venting." Data are acceptable.
110 Bottle and CTD oxygen have a large difference. Strong gradient. Suspect 
bottle and CTD oxygen okay.
111 Oxygen: "Water was dirty. No endpoint was reached during titration. 
Sample was lost." 
112 Oxygen and Nutrients were not drawn.
112-110 CTD operator error. Bottle 10-12 rushed due to ice encroachments-30 
second flush time. Possibility of poor bottle flushing. Samples appear to be 
okay." Cast 1 CTD sheet: "Modulo word errors at 30m/min, slowed to 15m/min 
for cast-errors stopped. Bottle 5 to 6 moved between bottles Salinity was not 
drawn. 

Station 012.001 
101 Oxygen: "No endpoint. Sample overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data 
are acceptable.
102 Oxygen: "No endpoint. Sample overtitrated and backtitrated twice. Sample 
lost." 
103 Sample Log: "Slight spigot leak." Oxygen: "Bubbles were present. No 
endpoint. Sample overtitrated and backtitrated twice." Oxygen sample appears 
high. Footnote oxygen bad.
104 Sample Log: "Bottle leaking from bottom end cap with vent open." Oxygen: 
"Bubbles were present. Sample overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are 
acceptable.
105 SampleLog: "Smaller than pin-head bubble in O2 bottle." Data are 
acceptable.
107 SampleLog: "Slight spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
112 SampleLog: "Surface bottle was not yo-yo'd." Data are acceptable. 

Station 012.002 
204 Sample Log: "Replaced top and bottom O-rings." 
204-203 Sample Log: No nutrients were drawn.
207 Sample Log: "Checked bottle, found no problem as reported on previous 
station." 
209 Sample Log: No nutrients were drawn.
211-202 Sample Log: No nutrients were drawn. Cast 2 Sample Log: No salinity 
was drawn. 

Station 013.001 
101-112 Nutrients stored over 12 hours, appear to be okay, but not normal 
quality. Footnote nutrients questionable.
104 Sample Log: "Leaking after 02 drawn, was seated properly." Oxygen: 
"Bubbles in endpoint. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are 
acceptable.
112 Oxygen: "Computer failed. Bottle oxygen value questionable." CTD oxygen 
low. Sensor may have been blocked by surface particulates. Footnote CTD 
oxygen bad. 

Station 013.002 
201 Oxygen: "No endpoint. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are 
acceptable.
202 Sample for organics, DOM and Lignin only.
204 Sample for organics only.
206 Sample for 02 incubations, bacteria and 018 only.
208 Sample Log: "Vent not closed." Data are acceptable.
211 Sample for O2 incubations, bacteria and bio-optics only. 

Station 014.001 
101 Oxygen: "Sample was dirty. Sample was lost." 103 Sample Log: "Jelly fish 
remains around spigot." Data are acceptable.
105 Oxygen: "Sample was dirty. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are 
acceptable.
108 Sample Log: "Vent was open." Data are acceptable.
110 Sample Log: "Jelly fish remains around spigot." Oxygen: "Computer program 
failure. Sample was lost." 
112 Sample Log: "Oxygen sample was redrawn." Sample Log: "No water left 
before all samples were drawn." Data are acceptable. Cast 1 Sample Log: 
"Jelly fish remains on PAR sensor." Data are acceptable. 

Station 014.002 
203 Sample Log: "Bottom cap leaked when valve open." Data are acceptable.
207 Sample Log: "Spigot leak." Sample Log: "Two extra drops NaOH in oxygen 
flask 707." Data are acceptable.
208 Oxygen: "Bubbles in sample. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data 
are acceptable. 

Station 014.003 
104 Sample Log: "Replaced bottle before cast." 

Station 014.004 
402 Nutrients appear to have been mixed up, perhaps with bottle 11. Footnote 
nutrients lost.
411 Nutrients appear to have been mixed up, perhaps with bottle 2. Footnote 
nutrients lost. 

Station 015.001
102 Sample Log: "DOM-2 sample not drawn." 
104 Sample Log: "Organics sample not drawn." 
107 Sample Log: "Close to turn of hull due to close ice." Data are acceptable. 

Station 015.002 Cast 2 Sample Log: "Cast was aborted. No samples were drawn." 

Station 016.002 
206 Oxygen: "Bubbles in sample. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." Data are 
acceptable.
207 Oxygen: "Bubbles in sample. Sample was not overtitrated and backtitrated. 
Questionable." Data are acceptable. 

Station 016.004 401 Sample Log: "Oxygen sample was redrawn." Data are 
acceptable. 

Station 016.005 
501 Sample Log: "Bottom lid was askew. Water was lost on deck." Data are 
acceptable.
502 Sample Log: "Oxygen sample was redrawn." Data are acceptable. 

Station 016.008 8a11 Pushing ice the entire cast. Data are acceptable. Sample 
Log: "All tops vents were open. Samples were drawn." Data are acceptable. 

Station 017.001 
101 Ammonium and Urea are too high, contamination during sampling. Footnote 
sample bad.
108 Sample Log: "Slight dripping, bottom spigot pushed in, but bottle was 
nominally full." Data are acceptable. 

Station 017.002 
202 Sample Log: "Air leak, water come out of spigot with top vent closed." 
Data are acceptable. 

Station 017.007 
702 Sample Log: "Leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
704 Sample Log: "Replaced lower endcap O-ring prior to cast." 

Station 018.001 
102 Oxygen: "Titration was very dirty. Sample was overtitrated and 
backtitrated. Sample is bad." 
104 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom-did not sample for salinity, oxygen or 
nutrients." Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
105 Oxygen: "Titration was very dirty. Sample was overtitrated and 
backtitrated. Sample is questionable." 
107 Sample Log: "Has a spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
109 Oxygen: "Water was dirty. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. 
Okay." Cast 1 Sample Log: "Lost secchi disk." 

Station 018.002 
201 Oxygen: "Titration was noisy. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. 
Results were lost." 
202 Sample Log: "Spigot leak." Data are acceptable. Oxygen: "Bubbles during 
titration. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay." 
204 Sample Log: "Big leak from bottom cap with vent open." Data are 
acceptable. Oxygen: "Bubbles during titration. Sample was overtitrated and 
backtitrated. Okay." 
207 Sample Log: "Small spigot leak." Data are acceptable.

Station 018.006
605 Sample Log: "Flask 1662 was broken. Sample was redrawn." 
608 Sample Log: "Vent was not closed." Data are acceptable.
610 Oxygen: "Computer failure during backtitration. Sample lost." 
611 Oxygen: "Noisy titration. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. Okay" 

Station 019.001 
102 Sample Log: "Flask 1452 has possible small bubbles." Data are acceptable.
103 Sample Log: "Flask 1615 has possible small bubbles." Sample Log: "Small 
spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
107 Sample Log: "Pretty bad spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
109 Sample Log: "Flask 1546 has possible small bubbles." Data are acceptable. 

Station 019.002 
107 Sample Log: "Has a small spigot leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 019.006 
605 Oxygen appears low, it is in large gradient. Footnote oxygen questionable.
611 Oxygen: "Floating particles in sample. Titration found no endpoint. 
Sample lost." Sample Log: "Flask 1638. Oxygen sample was redrawn." 

Station 020.001 
101 Sample Log: "Possibly 2m1 Mn in oxygen sample. Flask 1658." Data are 
acceptable.
102 Sample Log: "Possibly 2m1 Mn in oxygen sample. Flask 1654." Data are 
acceptable.
107 Sample Log: "Minor spitting from spigot when pushed in." Data are 
acceptable.
108 Sample Log: "Slight spigot leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 020.002 
207 Sample Log: "Minor spitting from spigot when pushed in." Data are 
acceptable.
208 Sample Log: "Moderate spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
210 Oxygen: "Noisy endpoint. Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated." Data 
are acceptable.
211 Oxygen: "Computer failure during backtitration. Sample lost." 
212 Oxygen: "Computer failure during backtitration. Sample lost." 

Station 021.002 
203 Oxygen: "No endpoint. Sample was lost." 
204 Oxygen: "No endpoint. Overtitrated and backtitrated. Sample Lost." 
208 Sample Log: "No water for nutrient sample. No sample was drawn." 
212-207 Oxygen and Salinity were not drawn. 

Station 021.003 301 Sample Log: "Changed spigot before cast." Data are 
acceptable.
307 Sample Log: "Spigot was dribbling water." Data are acceptable. 

Station 022.001 
102 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
107 Sample Log: "Minor spitting from spigot when pushed in." Data are 
acceptable.
108 Sample Log: "Vent was not closed before cast." Data are acceptable.
110 Oxygen: "Sample result is slightly lower than ctd. Sample was taken in 
high gradient area. Value is reasonable." 

Station 022.003 
303 Sample Log: "CTD oxygen appears high, but downtrace suggests large 02 
gradients in this depth range." Data are acceptable.
307 Sample Log: "Spigot was dribbling water." Data are acceptable.
312-301 Sample Log: "Stringy substance scattered over rosette." 

Station 022.004 
404 Sample Log: "Very slight leakage from bottom and spigot." Data are 
acceptable. 

Station 023.001 
102 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
104 Sample Log: "Bottle was tripped just after "yoyo" by mistake." Data are 
acceptable.
107 Sample Log: "Spigot still has significant leaking." Data are acceptable.
109 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 024.003 
302-307 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
308 Sample Log: "Slight spigot leak." Oxygen: "Results appear high. Profile 
shows large gradient." Data are acceptable.
312-310 Sample Log: "Bottles not tripped. Had to end cast early due to ice." 

Station 024.004 
402 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
404 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
406 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
407 Sample Log: "Spigot leak." Data are acceptable.
408 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
410 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
412 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 025.001 
101 Sample Log: "Duplicate salinity samples were drawn." 
102 Oxygen and Salinity were not drawn.
105 Sample Log: "Lanyard hung up on bracket for external spring." 
108-103 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
109 Oxygen: "Precipitate was stirred before acidified. Questionable." Data 
seem acceptable.
112-109 Sample Log: "Duplicate salinity samples were drawn." 

Station 026.001 
105 Sample Log: "Lanyard hung up on bracket for external spring." 

Station 026.003 
105 Sample Log: "Lanyard hung up on bracket for external spring." 

Station 026.004 
401 Salinity: "Sample appears to be low." Footnote salinity questionable.
402 Salinity was not drawn.
403 Sample Log: "Oxygen sample had slight bubbles. Flask 1638." Data are 
acceptable.
404 Salinity was not drawn.
406 Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 026.005 
105 Sample Log: "Lanyard hung up on bracket for external spring." 

Station 027.001 
106 Sample Log: "Ice delay, rosette sat at depth for 9 minutes." Data are 
acceptable.
106-105 Sample Log: "Jelly fish strings on bottles." Data are acceptable. Cast 
1 Sample Log: "Pushing ice while rosette was at 150m." Data are acceptable. 

Station 027.002
203 Sample Log: "Top cap was loose." Sample Log: "Oxygen sample was redrawn. 
Flask 1659." Data are acceptable. Cast 2 Footnote CTD temp and conductivity 
bad. Data from secondary sensors. 

Station 028.001 
108 Oxygen: "Problems with the UV reader. Sample was lost." 
111 Sample Log: "Lanyard hooked around two pylon hooks. Bottle did not trip." 
Salinity and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 028.004 
405 Sample Log: "Bottle did not trip. Bottle was cocked onto wrong latch." 

Station 028.006 
608 Oxygen: "Computer failure. Sample was lost." 
611 Oxygen: "Computer failure. Sample was lost." 

Station 029.002 
202 Sample Log: "Flask bottle 2 in position 4." 203 Sample Log: "Bubble was 
found in flask. Oxygen sample was redrawn." Data are acceptable.
204 Sample Log: "Flask bottle 4 in position 5." 205 Sample Log: "Flask bottle 5 
in position 2." 

Station 030.002 
212 Sample Log: "Strings of seaweed on bottle." Data are acceptable. 

Station 031.001 
101 Bottle did not trip as scheduled. It appears that the bottle may have 
hung up and tripped at about 1250 meters. Footnote bottle did not trip as 
scheduled and samples bad, urea footnoted lost.
101-112 Nutrients: "Urea samples lost due to bubble problems." 

Station 031.003 
301-312 Nutrients: "Urea samples lost due to bubble problems." 
310 Oxygen: "Computer failure. Sample was lost." 

Station 032.002 
208 Sample Log: "Vent not closed." Data are acceptable. 

Station 032.005 
110 Sample Log: "Collar came loose." Data are acceptable. 

Station 033.001 
101 Salinity 0.01 high, appears to have been incorrectly drawn from bottle 2. 
Footnote salinity bad.
102 Sample Log: "Vent was slightly loose." Data are acceptable.
108 Sample Log: "Vent was slightly loose." Data are acceptable. 


Station 033.004 
401 Nitrite: "Sample was lost." 
412 Nitrite: "Sample was lost." 
Station 033.005 Cast 5 Sample Log: "Screws were turning 150m on down and all 
the way back up. 45 deg. wire angle aft and 20 deg outboard. Difficult to 
maintain bottle stop depth." 

Station 033.006 
6a11 Sample Log: "Pumps turning. Nose was pointed towards floe. Strong wind 
gusts to 40 knots"

Station 034.001
108 Sample Log: "Big leak. Vent was loose and spigot was open." Sample Log: 
"No oxygen sample was drawn." Oxygen was not drawn. 

Station 035.001 
106 Sample Log: "Bottle was possibly mistripped." Data are acceptable.
110 Sample Log: "Slight leak from the bottom cap." Data are acceptable. Cast 1 
Sample Log: "Props turning due to high winds and waves Needed to have some 
control on the wire angle. 

Station 035.002 Cast 2 Sample Log: "Props and Bow thruster turning due to 
strong winds and good sized swell that required maneuvering on the wire. 

Station 038.001 
102 Salinity: Bad bottle salt value. Footnote salinity bad.
106 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. Cast 1 Sample Log: "Lots 
of jellyfish tentacles on rosette/CTD. Possible explanation for low light 
transmission values. 

Station 039.001 
104 Oxygen: "Computer Failure. Sample lost." 
108 Sample Log: "Vent not closed." Data are acceptable. 

Station 039.003 
302 Salinity was not drawn.
304 Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 040.001 
104-102 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
106 During salinity analyses, sample had to be run 3 times before two 
readings agreed. All three readings were slightly high. A salinity crystal 
may have gotten into the sample. Footnote salinity bad.
112 Oxygen was not drawn. Cast 1 Sample Log: "Bottles were no yo-yo'd. They 
were held at depth for 1 - 1.5 minutes. Some wave action. Ship drifting 1 
knot. 

Station 041.001 
110 Sample Log: "Leaking at spigot, large amounts, then at bottom cap." 
Oxygen sample was drawn immediately. Data are acceptable. 

Station 042.001 
110 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom endcap." Data are acceptable. 

Station 042.002 
201 Nutrient was drawn, but not run until more than 12 hours after 
collection. Results are questionable.
212 Nutrient was drawn, but not run. It was not discovered until two days 
later. Sample was lost. 

Station 043.001 
105-103 Sample Log: "Temps were approximated because the thermometer was on 
hold." 
110 Sample Log: "Very tiny leak from spigot and bottom cap." Data are 
acceptable. 

Station 043.002 
205 Sample Log: "Bottle was not tripped. Lanyard angle was too shallow." 

Station 043.003
305 Sample Log: "Bottle was not tripped. Lanyard angle was too shallow."

Station 044.001
101 Nutrient samples lost.
104 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
106 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
108 Sample Log: "Vent not closed completely." Data are acceptable.
110 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 044.003 
301 Sample Log: "Bottle did not trip. Lanyard angle was too shallow." 
308 Sample Log: "Vent not closed completely." Data are acceptable. 

Station 045.001 
101 Sample Log: "Bottle did not trip. Lanyard angle was too shallow." Oxygen, 
Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
104 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
107-106 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn.
108 Sample Log: "Vent not closed completely." Data are acceptable.
109 Oxygen, Salinity, and Nutrients were not drawn. 

Station 045.002 Cast 2 Footnote CTD temp and conductivity bad. Data from 
secondary sensors.



                                   Addendum

   Additional Precision and Accuracy Notes for Nutrient and Dissolved Oxygen
  Data: 2002 SBI (Western Arctic Shelf Basin Interactions) Process Experiment
                         Cruises (HLY 02-01 & HLY 02-03)

                               L.A. Codispoti',*

   'University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 775, 
                           Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
                            codispot@hpl.umces.edu




Introduction:

This document provides supplementary information about the precision and 
accuracy of the hydrographic nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected 
during the SBI (Western Arctic Shelf Basin Interactions) 2002 process cruises 
(HLY 02-01, HLY 02-03). The material herein supplements comments submitted 
with the Service Team Activity Reports for cruises HLY 02-01 and HLY 02-03, 
and the comments on methods in Codispoti et al. (2005). The Service Team 
Activity Report for each cruise discusses the procedures employed, the purity 
of standards, etc. in considerable detail.


Precision of the Dissolved Oxygen Analyses:

Examination of data from Niskin bottles tripped in mixed surface layers or in 
layers of uniform concentration suggest that the precision of our results 
(including sample collection and "pickling" errors) is ± 0.01 ml/l (± 0.45 µM).


Precision of Nutrient Analyses:

Comparisons of nitrite samples drawn from Niskin bottles tripped at the same 
depth suggests that the within-run precision of the nitrite analyses is better 
than ± 0.01 µM. Station to station baseline variability could introduce an 
additional uncertainty of 0.01 µM. During HLY 02-01, determinations of the 
silicate concentration of a deep water "check" sample during 38 separate 
autoanalyzer runs over a three week period gave an average of 10.8 µM and a 
standard deviation of 0.2 µM. During HLY 02-03 two deep water "check" samples 
were used. The first lasted almost one month, and the average of 72 runs was 
10.2 µM. with a standard deviation of 0.2 µM. The second was used for one 
week, and the average value over 17 runs was 10.0 µM with a standard 
deviation of 0.1 µM. To estimate run-to-run and cruise-to-cruise precision for 
nitrate and phosphate, nitrate and phosphate values from 18 samples collected 
between 2200 - 3300 db where vertical gradients were weak were examined. Seven 
of these samples were collected during HLY 02-01 and the remaining 11 were 
collected during HLY 02-03. Since there should be some natural variability and 
since this comparison includes sampling error, these samples should give a 
robust estimate of precision. The average nitrate value was 14.77 µM with a 
standard deviation of 0.13 µM. The average phosphate value was 1.05 µM with a 
standard deviation of 0.01 µM.

Within-run precision of the ammonium and urea analyses was generally better 
than ± 0.05 µM, but the accuracy and precision of these methods suffers from, 
the relative instability of these methods, the labile nature of ammonium and 
urea, variation in ammonium baselines, and refractive index effects, we 
suggest that differences of less than 0.2 µM in ammonium and urea 
concentrations may not be significant. Because the refractive index of 
sea-water increases linearly with salinity and because there can be salt 
effects in some analyses, standards were prepared in a low nutrient sea-water 
matrices with salinities ranging from 30 to 34, depending on the source of 
the low nutrient sea water. During HLY 02-01, salinities ranged between 29-35, 
and maximum refractive index errors arising from deviations between matrix 
salinity and sample salinity would be approximately 0.03 for ammonium, 0.02 
µM for nitrate, 0.01 µM for nitrite, 0.01 µM for phosphate, 0.2 µM for 
silicate, and 0.05 µM for urea. During HLY 02-03 customized refractive index 
corrections were applied to samples with salinities <29, so the maximum 
refractive index errors should be similar for both cruises.


Acknowledgements

These data would not exist were it not for the dedication of the men and 
women who serve on the USCGC Healy and for the leadership of the chief 
scientists (J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper). The members of the hydrographic 
team that produced the data were: Carney Cheng, Emily Cooper, John Gunn, Erik 
Haberkern, Doug Masten, Robert Palomares, Kristin Sanborn, Dean Stockwell, 
and Bob Williams. The help provided by Steve Roberts and Greg Stossmeister of 
the Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) is also deeply appreciated. 
Finally, we are grateful for the financial support provided by the Office of 
Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation via Arctic System Science 
Program grant 0PP0125399 to J.H. Swift.


Reference:

Codispoti, L.A., Flagg, C., Kelly, V, Swift, J.H., 2005. Hydrographic 
    conditions during the 2002 SBI process experiments. Deep-Sea Research 11 
    52:3199-3226.


CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES


Date        Person      Type     Summary 
----------  ----------  -------  --------------------------------------------
2010-02-19  Muus, Dave  BTL/SUM  Data online 
Notes for USCGC HEALY SBI-II   Expocode 32H120020718      20100217/dm

1. Original file 32H120020718_hy1.csv taken from the CARINA project group on the CCHDO website
   Received as 32H120020718.esc.csv from Bob Key Jan 30, 2009.

2. Original file has same position for all cast on each station and no times.
   Used ODF stacst file to enter individual cast positions and times.

3  ODF data has Expocode 32H1HLY0203
   CARINA data has Expocode 32H120020718
   CCHDO website has Expocodes 32H120020715 and 32H120020716 for Place-Holders for this cruise as of this date.
   Principal Investigators' Cruise Report gives cruise dates as 15 July to 26 August 2002.
   July 18, 2002, is the data of the first station.

   Used CARINA Expocode (32H120020718) because it is in the most widely distributed data set.

4. CARINA data has no Section ID. Used Section IDs given in the ODF data.

5. Aliases for this cruise include HLY-02-03, SBI II, HL0203, HEALY0203. HLY0203.

6. Parameters Names and Units:

   Changed AMMONI to NH4 - to match CCHDO Parameter List
   Changed DEL018 Units from 0/00 to /MILLE - to match CCHDO Parameter List
   Changed POC decimal format to xx.xxx - Original has up to 8 decimal places.
   Changed PON decimal format to xx.xxx  - Original has up to 8 decimal places.
   Changed CTDPRS units from DBARS to DBAR.
   Changed RA-226 and RA-228 units from DPM/100KG to DM/.1MG.

   Temporarily removed:
   - RA-224
   - RA-224E
   - RA-226E
   - RA-228E
   - RA-8/6
   - RA-8/6E
   - TH-228
   - TH-228E
   - UREA
   - LIGNIN
   - PHAEO
   They may be merged later after parameter description issues are resolved.

7. Removed Radium only samples. The missing values, CTDTMP etc all showed up on JOA as zero rather than -999s
   Anyone specifically interested in Radium should use the CARINA file.  No times or positions are given in ODF data.

     ExpoCode 32H120020718 USCGC HEALY SBI II  July 16 - Aug 26, 2002  20091217CCHDOSIODM  Radium Only Casts
     STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  CTDTMP  CTDSAL  SALNTY  CTDOXY  OXYGEN  RA-226  RA-228
                               DBAR  ITS-90  PSS-78  PSS-78 UMOL/KG UMOL/KG DM/.1MG DM/.1MG
                    *******                 ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* *******
          1      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.46    7.82
          2      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    3.34    0.68
          4      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.15    1.08
          6      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    3.72    3.45
          7      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    2.21    3.19
          8      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.48    6.59
         10      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0   -9.00   -9.00
         12      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.34    3.18
         13      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    2.51    1.81
         14      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.76    6.51
         16      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    2.03    2.68
         17      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.57    1.85
         18      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.94    5.17
         19      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.88    1.18
         20      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.78    5.91
         21      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.18    5.03
         22      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.55    5.23
         23      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.62    6.86
         24      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.00    4.92
         25      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.89    4.50
         26      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.14    3.63
         27      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.76    2.86
         28      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.54    2.49
         29      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.45    2.60
         30      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.44    3.54
         31      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.09    2.97
         32      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.72    3.46
         33      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.95    3.41
         34      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.32    2.34
         35      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.17    3.12
         37      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.13    2.55
         39      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.52    4.17
         41      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.96    3.45
         43      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.51    2.29
         44      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.38    2.47
         45      99       1     8.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.50    8.16

8. Original file with samples ordered by pressure on each station had potential problems with JOA because of the many casts on each station.
   The data file was resorted by Station, Cast, and Pressure and are now readable by JOA but still have minor problems when the multiple casts are merged for each station.
   JOA is being modified to correct this problem.

9. Some missing values have quality flag 2 and some apparently good values have quality flag 9.
   Missing value flag "2"s changed to "9"s and apparently good value flag "9"s changed to "2"s.

                                          OLD  NEW
  STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  ALKALI FLAG FLAG
      16       2       4    26.6  2266.0   9    2
      16       2       6    17.7  2115.4   9    2
      16       2       7    11.6  2157.2   9    2
      16       2       9     7.7  2101.3   9    2
      16       2      10     5.1  2145.1   9    2
      16       2      11     2.0  2043.8   9    2

  STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  DELO18 OLDF NEWF
      17       5       1   302.2    5.88   9    2
      17       5       2   302.2    5.88   9    2
      17       5       3   302.2    5.88   9    2
      17       5       4   302.2    5.88   9    2
      17       5       5   302.2    5.88   9    2
      17       5       6   302.2    5.88   9    2

  STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  ALKALI OLDF NEWF
      44       1       2    67.1    -9.0   2    9
      44       1       3    52.5    -9.0   2    9
      44       1       5    41.4    -9.0   2    9
      44       1       7    30.8    -9.0   2    9
      44       1       8    20.8    -9.0   2    9
      44       1       9    11.2    -9.0   2    9
      44       1      11     5.9    -9.0   2    9
      44       1      12     2.2    -9.0   2    9

