    A.  CRUISE NARRATIVE (A20)
        (updated 3/1/2005)
    
    A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS 
    
                            WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION
    
                    WOCE section designation  A20
           Expedition designation (ExpoCode)  316N151_3
    Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation  Robert Pickart/WHOI
                                               
                                       Dates  1997.07.17 - 1997.08.10
                                        Ship  RV KNORR
                               Ports of call  Halifax to Trinidad
                          Number of stations  95
    
                                                        43°57.94'N
             Stations' Geographic boundaries  56°4.62'W            50°36.98'W
                                                        06°58.13'N
    
                Floats and drifters deployed  11 Floats
              Moorings deployed or recovered  4
                        Contributing Authors  Robert S. Pickart
    
                          Chief Scientist's Contact Information
                  Dr. Robert Pickart • Dept. of Physical Oceanography
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution • Clark 3 MS # 21 • Woods Hole, MA  02543         
                                     UNITED STATES
                                 EMAIL: rpickart@whoi.edu
    
    
    A.2. SUMMARY
    
    From 17 July - 10 August 1997 the research vessel KNORR occupied a hydrographic 
    section extending from the Newfoundland shelf to the Suriname shelf, nominally 
    along 52°W.  This section, known as A20, is part of the Atlantic Circulation and 
    Climate Experiment (ACCE), and one of two North Atlantic WOCE "Meridional Long-
    lines".  The other meridional line, at 66°W, was occupied during the subsequent 
    leg (T. Joyce, chief scientist).  Thirty-one scientists representing 10 
    different projects participated on the cruise (Table 1).
    
    Due to wonderful weather and excellent cooperation among the different groups, 
    we ended up occupying more stations than originally planned for a total of 95 
    (Figure 1).  At both ends the resolution on the shelf break was 3 mi, increasing 
    to 10-15 mi on the continental slope, and finally 40 mi in the interior (except 
    for the Gulf Stream where the spacing was 15-25 mi).  A typical deep water 
    station included a NBIS Mark-III CTD with oxygen sensor, lowered ADCP, and 33 
    10-liter Niskin bottle samples.  Depending on the station up to 9 different WOCE 
    quantities were measured: CFCs, Tritium/Helium, Oxygen, PCO2, TCO2, C14, 
    Alkalinities, Nutrients, and Salts.  On selected stations (such as TTO and 
    GEOSECS repeat stations) all of the quantities were measured; more often a 
    subset of them was collected.  Table 2 gives the position/depth of each station 
    and indicates which tracers (including numbers of samples) were drawn.  Note 
    that Oxygen, Nutrients and Salts were collected on every station (with the 
    exception of the shelf break crossings where limited sampling was done).
    
    In addition to the WOCE variables, Halocarbon measurements were made nominally 
    once per day in the upper 200 m (usually from the shallowest 10 Niskin bottles, 
    see Table 2).  Underway measurements included PCO2, Halocarbons, ADCP, and 
    thermosalinograph (which was calibrated daily using surface salinity samples).  
    A bio-optical cast was made once per day using a self contained winch and CTD 
    package.  This was done during the CTD cast falling closest to the noon hour.  
    Eleven ALACE floats were launched in the Sargasso Sea, corresponding to CTD 
    sites.
    
    
    A.3. BRIEF NARRATIVE
    
    After occupying a test station in 3000 m of water near 57°W, we steamed to the 
    1000 m isobath along the northern dog-leg (Figure 1) and commenced dropping XBTs 
    onto the shelf.  This enabled us to identify the configuration of the Labrador 
    Current prior to the CTD work (allowing us to optimally place the shelf break 
    stations).  This turned out to be quite useful as the Labrador Current contained 
    an anomalous, large intrusion of warm water (Figure 2).  For the shelf break 
    work we used a 24-position 3.3-liter frame with a separate Mark-III, and 
    collected water samples only within the core of the Labrador Current.  At the 
    1000 m isobath we switched to the larger 36-position 10-liter package, which 
    included the lowered ADCP.  Water samples were taken according to the scheme 
    described above.  The dogleg portion of the section nicely sampled the slope 
    water, including the Labrador Current, slope water front/jet, Labrador Sea 
    Water, and Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC, Figure 3).  It should be noted 
    that there were four current meter moorings located along the dogleg as part of 
    a separate experiment.
    
    A Gulf Stream warm core ring was located near the seaward edge of the dogleg, 
    and we seem to have crossed through the center of it.  Shortly after this we 
    encountered the Gulf Stream front. XBTs were used to identify the precise 
    position of the north wall, and CTDs were subsequently placed in order to 
    properly resolve the current.  Interestingly the Gulf Stream was a factor of two 
    narrower than normal at this longitude (only 80-90 km wide).
    
    Upon reaching the Sargasso Sea we began the 40 mi spacing, which was maintained 
    until the southern boundary.  After crossing the Corner Seamounts (near 35°N) we 
    skirted along the outer flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge until roughly 15°N 
    (Figure 1).  During this part of the survey we consistently steamed at 12-13 
    knots.  This enabled us to make up time lost on the northern boundary (due to 
    fog near the Grand Banks).  Near 10°N we doglegged into the southern boundary, 
    again sampling the boundary current system with more detailed measurements.  As 
    in the north, we changed to the small package at the 1000 m isobath (this time 
    including the lowered ADCP) and took measurements onto the shelf across the 
    North Brazil Current system. 
    
    Our section contains some familiar and expected features, as well as some 
    surprises and puzzles.  It is the third long line occupied near this longitude, 
    the other two being an IGY line in 1956 and a high-quality CTD section occupied 
    in 1983 (Figure 1).  A major aim of our study is to use the 1997 ACCE lines in 
    conjunction with the past data sets to investigate ocean climate change.  The 
    A20 salinity section (Figure 4a) shows many of the major water mass/circulation 
    features.  On the northern side note the high-salinity warm core ring and Gulf 
    Stream front.  Inshore of this, within the DWBC, resides the Labrador Sea Water 
    whose low-salinity signal extends south of the Gulf Stream and is the cause of 
    significant freshening at mid-depths.  In the bottom-most layer the Antarctic 
    Bottom Water becomes progressively fresher toward the southern boundary.  In the 
    upper 1000 m there is a pronounced core of Antarctic Intermediate Water 
    extending from the southern boundary. 
    
    The suite of tracers measured on the cruise will provide valuable information in 
    elucidating the water masses as well as understanding the climate signal.  The 
    oxygen section (Figure 4b) beautifully shows both the Labrador Sea Water and 
    Norwegian-Greenland overflow water emanating from the northern boundary.  Both 
    these features appear again on the southern boundary.  Note also the low oxygen 
    of the Antarctic Bottom Water on the southern end of the section.
    
    One of the surprises revealed by the tracers concerns the spreading of the 
    Norwegian-Greenland overflow water from the northern boundary.  The deep oxygen 
    core extends into the Sargasso Sea centered near 3700 m (Figure 4b), whereas the 
    analogous CFC core (not shown) is displaced roughly 500 m deeper.  This perhaps 
    reflects the difference in source functions of the two tracers in that CFCs have 
    only entered the system in the last 50 years.  Another unexpected feature is the 
    complexity of the Labrador Sea Water signal along the northern boundary.  It 
    appears that discrete density layers are being ventilated, possibly the result 
    of inter-annual variability in the formation of this water mass.
    
    At the conclusion of the cruise the majority of the water sample data were 
    merged into standard WOCE data files, and, aside from the post-cruise laboratory 
    calibrations, the CTD data were nearly final.  The combination of the 52°W and 
    66°W sections, along with the other ACCE fieldwork and previous hydrography, 
    will provide a revealing look at the present state of the North Atlantic and its 
    long-term variability. 
    
    
    
    TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY CHANGES OVER TIME
    From: "WOCE/ACCE cruises in the subtropical N. Atlantic on KNORR in 1997"
           Terrence M. Joyce, Robert S. Pickart and Robert C. Millard, WHOI
           http://www.whoi.edu/science/PO/people/tjoyce/kn_1997/acce_web.html
    
    WOCE line A20 was one of two hydrographic lines were done in the western 
    N. Atlantic along longitudes of 52 and 66° W as part of the onetime 
    hydrographic survey of the oceans (Figure 5). The other line, at 66° W 
    was A22.  Each of these two lines approximately repeated earlier ones 
    done during the International Geophysical Year(s) (IGY) and the mid-
    1980s. Because of this repeated sampling, long-term hydrographic changes 
    in the water masses can be examined. In this report, we focus on 
    temperature and salinity changes within the subtropical gyre mainly 
    between latitudes of 20 & 35° N and compare our results to those 
    presented by Bryden et al (1996) who examined changes along a zonal line 
    at 24° N, most recently occupied in 1992. Since this most recent 24° N 
    section in 1992, substantial changes have occurred in the western part 
    of the subtropical gyre at the depths of the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). 
    In particular, we see clear evidence for colder, fresher Labrador Sea 
    Water throughout the gyre on our two recent sections that was not yet 
    present in 1992 at similar longitudes along 24° N. At shallower depths 
    inhabited by waters which are an admixture of Mediterranean (MW) and 
    Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AAIW), our recent survey shows an 
    increase in salinity, which can only be attributed to changes in water 
    masses on potential temperature or neutral density surfaces. 
    Furthermore, waters above the MW/AAIW layer and into the deeper part of 
    the main pycnocline have continued to become saltier and warmer 
    throughout the 40 year period spanned by our sections. These latter 
    changes have been dominantly due to a vertical sinking of density 
    surfaces as T/S changes in density surfaces are small, but depths of 
    individual T/S horizons have increased with time. The net change since 
    the IGY shows a mean temperature increase between 800 & 2500m depth at a 
    rate of 0.57° C /century with a corresponding steric sea level rise of 1 
    mm/yr, and a net downward heave with small values near the top and 
    bottom, and a maximum rate of -2.7 m/yr at 1800m depth. Changes in the 
    deep Caribbean indicate a warming since the IGY due to temperature 
    increases of the inflowing source waters in the subtropical gyre at 
    1800m depth, but no significant change in the deep salinity. 
    
    
    CHANGES AT 52° W (A20) 
    
    The sections of potential temperature, salinity and neutral density at 
    52° W (Figure 6) are contoured with dashed contours in the upper panel 
    for theta =1.5, 2.5 & 3.5° C, middle panel for S=34.85, 34.95 & lower panel 
    for gamma-n=27.9, 27.95 kg/m3. Changes with time have been estimated by 
    vertically interpolating the bottle data from IGY and as well as the CTD 
    data at standard levels for the two modern cruises before horizontal 
    gridding. This procedure assures comparable errors due to curvature in 
    the interpolation of all three data set. Horizontal gridding is onto a 
    0.5 degree latitude grid where longitudinal differences in the sections 
    are ignored. Resulting differences (Figure 7a, Figure 7b) have been 
    smoothed using a 100 km gaussian filter. We show potential temperature 
    differences for 80s-IGY (upper), WOCE-80s (middle) and WOCE-IGY (lower). 
    Positive (negative) differences are in red (blue) with the contour 
    interval of 0.1 up to a maximum (minimum) of 0.5 (-0.5) (a). As above 
    but for salinity differences with the contour interval of 0.02 up to a 
    maximum (minimum) of 0.1 (-0.1) (b). The warming of mid-depth (1000-
    2500m) waters from the IGY to the 80s has disappeared at depths of 2000m 
    (near the core of the LSW) comparing the 80s to WOCE, although recent 
    freshening of the salinity at this depth has occurred. Net changes from 
    IGY to WOCE still show a basin-wide increase in temperature at this 
    depth range, however. We have averaged the properties between the 
    latitudes of 20 & 35° N in order to reduce eddy variability and to focus 
    on mid-latitude changes away from boundary influences. On the A20 
    section (52° W), this eliminates the strong latitudinal gradients 
    associated with AAIW to the south and masks out the coldest AABW and the 
    core of the DWBC. Mean temperature (Figure 8a) and salinity (Figure 8b) 
    differences for the section include an error in the mean based on the 
    observed variability and an eddy length scale of 300km. One can see 
    large, offsetting changes in the upper 1000m in the time interval IGY-
    80s and 80s-WOCE, largely due to the vertical heaving of the main 
    pycnocline. Upper ocean changes are also masked by the eddy variability. 
    Between 1000 and 2000m temperature (but not salinity) changes have been 
    of the same sign and appear re-enforced in the net change The spatially-
    averaged theta/S changes (Figure 9) are shown in the upper left panels of 
    the figure and selectively focus on the thermocline (upper right), 
    MW/salinity maximum (lower right) and LSW (lower left). One change not 
    obvious from the previous figures is the salinity increase in the upper 
    thermocline between the first two occupations and the present. Symbols 
    denote changes for depths of 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 and 4500m. 
    At a depth of 200 (first symbol on figure) this is evident as a shift of 
    the theta/S diagram to higher salinities while at 500m depth (second 
    symbol), it is more clearly a change along the mean theta/S diagram. The 
    latter type of variability characterizes much of the change throughout 
    the thermocline between depths of 500 & 1000m.
    
    
    SUMMARY 

    Space does not permit a more complete presentation of the observed 
    changes including those in the Caribbean and the effects of vertical 
    heave and water mass changes on neutral surfaces. However, a manuscript 
    has been prepared and submitted to Deep-Sea Research by the authors, and 
    a more thorough account will become available (eventually). We summarize 
    our results by combining the net changes (IGY-WOCE) for both sections 
    into a grand average for the subtropical gyre (Figure10). Spanning a 
    time interval of about 43 years (WOCE-IGY), we see a maximum temperature 
    increase of 0.6° C, which is nearly 1.4° C/ century. Over the depth 
    range where a significant temperature change has occurred, the net 
    change from IGY to present is 0.25° C (A20) and 0.24° C (A22), which 
    works out to an increasing temperature of 0.57° C per century over a 
    depth interval of 1700m. The net steric sea level rise can be computed 
    from the combined contributions due to temperature and salinity. Changes 
    in the latter will act to reduce the net sea level increase, but the 
    overall steric increase, accounting for changes between 800 & 2500m 
    depth, is 4.7 & 4.3 cm for A20 & A22, respectively, which is equivalent 
    to about 1 mm/yr. These figures for sea level and mean temperature 
    change are only slightly greater than those estimated from Bermuda by 
    Joyce and Robbins (1996, 0.5° C per century & 0.7-0.9 mm/yr) but apply 
    to a thicker water column and point to a long-term increase in the 
    stratification between mid-depths and the underlying deep waters. The 
    mid-depth increase in temperature and salinity is dominantly due to 
    heaving. The depth variation of the 'heave' signal (not shown) indicates 
    a maximum negative shift of 112m at a depth of 1800m giving a downward 
    vertical velocity of the density surface at 1800m depth of -2.7 m/yr. 
    
    
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    
    We wish to acknowledge the support of an NSF grant (OCE95-29607), the 
    assistance of J. Dunworth-Baker and R. Goldsmith in helping with some of 
    the calculations and finally, the WHOI CTD and hydro groups and the 
    captain & crew of the R/V Knorr for their assistance in obtaining this 
    new WOCE dataset.
    
    
    REFERENCES 
    
    Bryden, H. L., M. J. Griffiths, A. M. Lavin, R. C. Millard, G. Parrilla 
        & W. M. Smethie, 1996. Decadal changes in water masses characteristics 
        at 24° N in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 9, 3162-3186. 
    Joyce, T. M. & P. Robbins, 1996. The long-term hydrographic record at 
        Bermuda. J. Climate, 9, 3121-2131.
    
    
    
    TABLE 1: CRUISE PARTICIPANTS
    
          1.  Bob Pickart             WHOI          CTD (Chief Scientist)
          2.  Marshall Swartz         WHOI          CTD-hardware/watchleader
          3.  Daniel Torres           WHOI          CTD-LADCP
          4.  Terry McKee             WHOI          CTD-Software
          5.  Bob Millard             WHOI          CTD-Software
          6.  George Tupper           WHOI          CTD-Hydrography
          7.  Dave Wellwood           WHOI          CTD-Hydrography
          8.  Shelley Ugstad          WHOI          CTD-watchleader
          9.  Mindy Hall              WHOI          CTD-watchstander
         10.  Avon Russell            WHOI          CTD-watchstander
         11.  Brian Arbic             WHOI          CTD-watchstander
         12.  Mark Davis              WHOI          CTD-watchstander
         13.  Naomi Knoble            WHOI          CTD-watchstander
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         14.  Bill Smethie            LDEO          CFCs
         15.  Eugene Gorman           LDEO          CFCs
         16.  Damon Chaky             LDEO          CFCs
         17.  Linda Baker             LDEO          CFCs
         --------------------------------------------------------------------     
         18.  Scott Birdwhistell      WHOI          Tritium/He
         19.  Peter Landry            WHOI          Tritium/He
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         20.  Chris Sabine            Princeton     C14/Alkalinities
         21.  Carrie Thomas           Princeton     C14/Alkalinities
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         22.  Rick Wilke              BNL           TCO2
         23.  Ken Erikson             BNL           TCO2
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         24.  Angela Wilson           LDEO          PCO2
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         25.  Joe Jennings            OSU           Nutrients
         26.  Barbara Sullivan        OSU           Nutrients
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         27.  Bob Moore               Dalhousie     Halocarbons
         28.  Phil Morneau            Dalhousie     Halocarbons
         29.  Wayne Groszko           Dalhousie     Halocarbons
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         30.  Carol Knudson           LDEO          Bio-optics
         --------------------------------------------------------------------
         31.  Dana Swift              UW            PALACE floats
    
    
    
    TABLE 2: STATION SAMPLING SUMMARY
    
    STN | LAT (N)  | LONG (W) | DEPTH*| CFC | HC | HE/TR |  OXY | PCO2 | TCO2 | C14 | ALK | NUT | SALT | COMMENT
    ----|----------|----------|-------|-----|----|-------|------|------|------|-----|-----|-----|------|----------------------------------
      1 | 43°14.80 | 50°37.01 |   81  |     |    |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |      | "Small Frame, CTD #1088"
      2 | 43°12.23 | 50°38.87 |   85  |     |    |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |      |
      3 | 43°07.54 | 50°43.01 |   95  |     |    |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |      |
      4 | 43°03.13 | 50°46.95 |  112  |     |    |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |      |
      5 | 43°00.56 | 50°48.95 |  156  |     |    |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |      |
      6 | 42°58.09 | 50°50.78 |  306  |  6  |    |   5   |   6  |   6  |   6  |     |  6  |  6  |   6  |
      7 | 42°55.80 | 50°52.73 |  673  | 10  |    |  10   |  10  |  10  |  10  |  8  | 10  |  9  |   9  |
      8 | 42°53.65 | 50°54.26 |  948  | 14  | 10 |  13   |  18  |  18  |  18  |     | 18  | 18  |  18  | "Switch to Large Frame, CTD #9"
      9 | 42°49.03 | 50°58.16 | 1387  | 18  |    |       |  18  |   4  |      |     |  1  | 18  |  18  |
     10 | 42°38.06 | 51°07.30 | 1990  | 21  |    |  20   |  21  |  21  |  21  | 16  | 21  | 21  |  21  | Subsurface Mooring Site
     11 | 42°24.85 | 51°17.95 | 2664  | 20  |    |       |  25  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 25  |  25  |
     12 | 42°11.70 | 51°29.20 | 3257  | 21  | 10 |  24   |  30  |  24  |  30  | 24  | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     13 | 42°00.41 | 51°38.50 | 3578  | 22  |    |       |  30  |   1  |      |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     14 | 41°49.48 | 51°47.59 | 4007  | 24  |    |  24   |  30  |  22  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  | Subsurface Mooring Site
     15 | 41°34.38 | 51°59.00 | 4565  |  8  |    |       |  10  |      |      |     |     | 10  |  10  | Missing All But the Bottom 6 Btls
     16 | 41°34.50 | 51°59.15 | 4560  | 18  |    |       |  23  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 23  |  23  | Repeat of Station 15 to 3100 db
     17 | 41°20.22 | 52°10.62 | 5068  | 24  | 10 |       |  30  |  24  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     18 | 41°07.72 | 52°20.85 | 5145  | 26  |    |  24   |  30  |   1  |      |     |  1  | 30  |  30  | Begin Dogleg South
     19 | 40°53.03 | 52°21.38 | 5031  | 25  |    |  24   |  30  |  20  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     20 | 40°33.24 | 52°21.36 | 5188  | 20  |    |       |  30  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     21 | 39°53.22 | 52°21.54 | 5269  | 27  | 10 |       |  30  |   1  |  30  | 26  | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     22 | 39°12.88 | 52°20.96 | 5321  | 30  |    |       |  30  |   1  |      |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     23 | 38°49.43 | 52°20.05 | 5337  | 30  |    |  23   |  30  |  22  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  | North Wall of Gulf Stream
     24 | 38°35.95 | 52°20.96 | 5344  | 12  | 11 |       |  30  |  15  |  30  |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     25 | 38°20.00 | 52°21.28 | 5355  | 30  |    |       |  30  |  24  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     26 | 37°59.92 | 52°21.32 | 5375  | 29  |    |  24   |  30  |   1  |      |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     27 | 37°35.08 | 52°21.45 | 5429  | 18  |    |       |  30  |  22  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  | Begin 40-Mile Spacing
     28 | 36°55.16 | 52°20.95 | 5447  | 30  | 10 |   8   |  30  |      |      |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     29 | 36°14.35 | 52°21.13 | 2763  | 22  |    |       |  30  |  18  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  | Seamount
     30 | 35°33.70 | 52°20.89 | 4997  | 30  |    |  24   |  30  |  20  |  30  | 27  | 30  | 30  |  30  | ALACE 013
     31 | 34°53.33 | 52°21.10 | 5517  | 30  |    |       |  30  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 30  |  30  |
     32 | 34°12.83 | 52°21.10 | 5558  | 30  | 11 |       |  30  |  23  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  |
     33 | 33°32.33 | 52°21.17 | 5565  | 30  |    |   8   |  30  |  15  |  30  |     | 30  | 30  |  30  | ALACE 020
     34 | 32°52.48 | 52°20.93 | 5632  | 31  |    |       |  33  |      |      | 32  |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     35 | 32°12.32 | 52°20.80 | 5360  | 33  | 11 |  23   |  33  |  20  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 021
     36 | 31°32.10 | 52°20.89 | 5498  | 30  |    |       |  33  |   4  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     37 | 30°52.03 | 52°20.59 | 5165  | 31  |    |       |  33  |  15  |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 026
     38 | 30°11.83 | 52°20.65 | 5676  | 32  |    |   8   |  32  |  22  |  32  |     | 32  | 32  |  32  |
     39 | 29°31.93 | 52°21.00 | 5380  | 30  | 11 |       |  33  |  21  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 016
     40 | 28°51.98 | 52°20.65 | 5639  | 32  |    |  25   |  33  |      |   1  |     |  ?  | 33  |  33  |
     41 | 28°11.81 | 52°20.59 | 5478  | 33  |    |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 023
     42 | 27°31.57 | 52°20.57 | 5899  | 30  | 11 |   8   |  33  |  33  |  33  | 27  | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     43 | 26°51.53 | 52°20.38 | 5405  | 33  |    |       |  33  |   1  |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 002
     44 | 26°11.32 | 52°20.65 | 5909  | 33  |    |  23   |  33  |   ?  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     45 | 25°31.27 | 52°20.53 | 5782  | 29  | 14 |       |  33  |  20  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 029
     46 | 24°51.26 | 52°20.48 | 5127  | 33  |    |   8   |  33  |   1  |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     47 | 24°11.15 | 52°20.53 | 5450  | 33  |    |       |  33  |  21  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 003
     48 | 23°30.80 | 52°20.51 | 5028  | 29  | 12 |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     49 | 22°50.78 | 52°20.40 | 5090  | 33  |    |  24   |  33  |   1  |      |     |  1  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 014
    
    
    TABLE 2: STATION SAMPLING SUMMARY (continued)
    
    STN | LAT (N)  | LONG (W) | DEPTH*| CFC | HC | HE/TR |  OXY | PCO2 | TCO2 | C14 | ALK | NUT | SALT | COMMENT
    ----|----------|----------|-------|-----|----|-------|------|------|------|-----|-----|-----|------|----------------------------------
     50 | 22°10.75 | 52°20.38 | 5016  | 33  |    |       |  33  |  22  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  28  |
     51 | 21°30.64 | 52°20.38 | 4907  | 32  |    |  16   |  32  |  24  |  32  | 27  | 32  | 32  |  32  |
     52 | 20°50.25 | 52°20.42 | 4391  | 33  | 13 |       |  33  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  | ALACE 027
     53 | 20°10.18 | 52°20.23 | 4881  | 33  |    |  24   |  33  |  22  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     54 | 19°30.07 | 52°20.36 | 5363  | 33  |    |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     55 | 18°49.91 | 52°20.23 | 5137  | 31  | 12 |   4   |  33  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     56 | 18°11.02 | 52°20.10 | 4851  | 33  |    |   8   |  33  |  24  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     57 | 17°31.95 | 52°20.17 | 5690  | 33  |    |       |  33  |  11  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     58 | 16°53.08 | 52°20.06 | 4825  | 33  |    |  23   |  33  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     59 | 16°13.87 | 52°20.10 | 4987  | 31  | 12 |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     60 | 15°34.93 | 52°19.97 | 5115  | 17  |    |   8   |  33  |  24  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     61 | 14°59.90 | 52°20.03 | 4521  | 33  |    |       |  33  |  14  |  33  | 27  | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     62 | 14°14.96 | 52°20.20 | 5187  | 33  |    |  24   |  33  |      |      |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     63 | 13°33.88 | 52°20.02 | 5231  | 29  | 12 |       |  33  |  24  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     64 | 12°52.91 | 52°19.97 | 5231  | 33  |    |   8   |  33  |  12  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     65 | 12°12.04 | 52°20.03 | 5068  | 33  |    |       |  33  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     66 | 11°31.12 | 52°19.95 | 5005  | 31  | 12 |  23   |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     67 | 10°50.02 | 52°19.85 | 4954  | 24  |    |       |  33  |  24  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     68 | 10°09.10 | 52°19.72 | 4944  | 33  |    |   8   |  33  |      |   1  | 26  |  1  | 33  |  33  | End 40-Mile Spacing
     69 | 09°53.08 | 52°20.90 | 4921  |  4  |    |       |  33  |  24  |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     70 | 09°38.28 | 52°21.41 | 4892  | 31  | 12 |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     71 | 09°23.07 | 52°21.94 | 4836  | 24  |    |  24   |  33  |  13  |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  | Begin Dogleg West
     72 | 09°11.15 | 52°27.80 | 4770  | 20  |    |       |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     73 | 08°58.50 | 52°33.98 | 4686  | 31  |    |       |  33  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     74 | 08°47.05 | 52°39.86 | 4631  | 33  |    |  24   |  33  |      |  33  |     | 33  | 33  |  33  |
     75 | 08°38.08 | 52°43.90 | 4737  | 29  | 11 |       |  33  |   4  |   1  |     |  2  | 33  |  33  |
     76 | 08°28.87 | 52°49.03 | 3302  | 30  |  7 |  24   |  33  |  19  |  33  | 24  | 33  | 33  |  32  |
     77 | 08°19.97 | 52°53.27 | 2421  | 25  |    |       |  33  |   1  |   1  |     |  1  | 33  |  33  |
     78 | 08°10.93 | 52°57.47 | 1609  | 17  |    |  16   |  21  |  16  |  21  | 16  | 21  | 21  |  21  |
     79 | 08°03.47 | 53°01.25 | 1285  |  6  |    |       |  18  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 18  |  18  |
     80 | 07°55.93 | 53°04.95 | 1229  | 14  |    |       |  18  |      |  18  |     | 18  | 18  |  18  |
     81 | 07°49.00 | 53°08.57 | 1197  |  6  |    |       |  17  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 17  |  17  |
     82 | 07°41.57 | 53°12.11 |  999  | 14  | 12 |  13   |  18  |  18  |  18  |  8  | 18  | 18  |  18  |
     83 | 07°36.10 | 53°15.00 |  833  |     |    |       |  18  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 18  |  18  | "Switch to Small Frame, CTD #1088"
     84 | 07°30.90 | 53°17.18 |  682  | 11  |    |       |  12  |   4  |  12  |     | 12  | 12  |  12  |
     85 | 07°25.22 | 53°20.15 |  475  | 11  |    |       |  11  |      |   1  |     |  1  | 11  |  11  |
     86 | 07°22.48 | 53°21.40 |  399  | 10  |    |   8   |  10  |   1  |   1  |     |  1  | 10  |  10  |
     87 | 07°19.72 | 53°22.67 |  334  |     |  3 |       |   9  |   9  |   9  |     |  9  |  9  |   9  |
     88 | 07°17.03 | 53°24.00 |  282  |  7  |  1 |       |   7  |      |   1  |     |  1  |  7  |   7  |
     89 | 07°14.32 | 53°25.35 |  238  |     |    |       |   7  |      |   1  |     |  1  |  7  |   7  |
     90 | 07°11.60 | 53°26.68 |  208  |  6  |    |       |   6  |   6  |   6  |     |  6  |  6  |   6  |
     91 | 07°08.92 | 53°28.05 |  181  |     |    |       |   6  |      |   1  |     |  1  |  6  |   6  |
     92 | 07°06.18 | 53°29.30 |  131  | 11  |    |   3   |   7  |      |   1  |     |  1  |  7  |   7  |
     93 | 07°03.55 | 53°30.60 |   93  |     |    |       |   5  |      |   5  |     |  5  |  5  |   5  |
     94 | 07°00.82 | 53°32.00 |   85  |  5  |    |       |   5  |      |   1  |     |  1  |  5  |   5  |
     95 | 06°58.12 | 53°33.25 |   76  |     |    |       |   5  |      |   5  |     |  5  |  5  |   5  |
    --------------------------|-------|-----|----|-------|------|------|------|-----|-----|-----|------|---------
    Total                     |       |2066 |238 | 608   | 2381 | 788  | 1488 | 288 |1468 |2380 | 2374 |
    Percent                   |       |  15 |  2 |   4   |   17 |   6  |   11 |   2 |  10 |  17 |   17 |
    14079 Samples Taken  
    
    
    
                                                                                          A20 • PICKART • 1997
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    
    B. CTD PROCESSING and CALIBRATIONS
    
    CTD CALIBRATIONS AND AT-SEA PROCESSING:
    
    CTD 9 Cal files
    
    Station 999 was a test station and was taken using CTD 9 and cal file:   
      kn51d999.c00 taken from cal file sent out for CTD 9:  
      im09kn51.cal
        kn51d999.c00 was updated with new conductivity terms and Pressure bias 
        by R. Millard to kn51d999.c01 
    
    
    Differences in cal extensions:
    
                                  .c00            .c01
                 ------------ ------------     -------------
                 conductivity
                    slope     0.972844e-03      .99569966E-3
                    bias     -0.416258e-01      .22897E-1
                 oxygen current 
                    slope     1.310000e-004     .0015
                    bias      8.540000e-001    0.0000
                    pcor     -1.177000e-005     .00015
                    tcor     -3.900000e-003    -.03	
                 Pressure Temperature
                    D1       -2.9015        -290.15
    
    
    For CTD 9 im09kn51.c01 -- cal used for station 8
    .c02 - was created but seemingly never used for ACQuistion. 
    
    
    Differences between .c002 and .c03 are:
    
                diff im09kn51.c02 im09kn51.c03  (< = .c02   > = .c03)
    
    Oxygen Current
                 SENSOR S/N           ; New Sensor Installed 5 Oct 93
                 SENSOR S/N           ; New Sensor Installed July 97
                                  LAG ; 5.0
                                  LAG ; 8.000000e+000
    
    970720-MS: IM09kn51.c03 file updated from *.c01 modified by Millard.    
               .c01 used only for stn 008.  Oxygen current and conductivity 
               values were changed from previous version.
    
    
    COMMENTS ON CAL FILES:
    
    .c03 > 970720-MS: IM09kn51.c03 file updated from *.c01 
        modified by Millard.  .c01  used only for stn 008.  Oxygen
        current and conductivity values were changed from previous
        version.
    
    .c04 > 970725-TKM: im09kn51.c04 file updated from *.c03 using 
        new cals provided by Bob Millard.  New conductivities from 
        stations 14 - 18(?) and O2 cal from stations 11 - 14.
    
    .c05 > 970728-TKM: im09kn51.c05 New pressure bias applied and 
        new Oxygen cals provided by Bob Millard based on stations 
        20 - 36. Conductivity cal for stations xx - xx.
    
    .c06 > 970801-TKM  im09kn51.c06 New pressure bias applied and 
        new Oxygen cals based on stations 24 - 41  
    
    
    Sta.        CTD           Cal
    ------    --------   -----------------------
      1-7     CTD 1088   im88kn51.cal (attached)
      8       CTD 9      im09kn51.c01
      9-29    CTD 9      im09kn51.c03
     30-39    CTD 9      im09kn51.c04
     40-53    CTD 9      im09kn51.c05
     54-83    CTD 9      im09kn51.c06
    
     83-95    CTD 1088   im88kn51.c01 (Oxygen current params zeroed)  
    
    
    
    
    CTD 1088 CAL FILES:
    
    PRESSURE   
           quadratic    -.131851E-09 
               slope    0.107562 
                bias    -.435024E+02
                 lag    0
              ACQLAG    0.200
    
    STANDARD TEMPERATURE
           quadratic    0.545757E-12
               slope    0.496728E-03 
                bias    -.164305E+01 
                 lag  250.0
    CONDUCTIVITY
               slope       0.100263E-02
               bias        -.108491E-01
                lag        0   
             ACQLAG        0.100   
              ALPHA       -6.5E-6   
               BETA        1.5E-8   
                 TO        2.8
                 PO     3000.0
    OXYGEN CURRENT                          ;
                  A ; 9.658398926872436D-17
                  B ;-1.412062274713116D-11
                  C ; 7.68213574439594D-07
                  D ;-1.834161650101719D-02
                  E ; 162.4567809569779
                LAG ; 7.50   
               PCOR ; 0.00015   
               TCOR ;-0.036   
                 C2 ; 0.75   
                TAU ; 0.0
    OXYGEN TEMPERATURE                      ;
                  A ; 0
                  B ; 0.0
                  C ; -.198691E-08
                  D ; 0.871938E-03
                  E ; -.110374E+02
                LAG ; 0   
    PRESSURE TEMPERATURE 
                  A ; 0
                  B ; 0
                  C ; 0 
                  D ; -.255382E-02
                  E ; 0.107186E+03
                LAG ; 0 
             ACQLAG ; 0.225 
                 S1 ;-2.6778E-06
                 S2 ;-0.36463
                 T0 ; 1.4
                 D1 ; 0.218169
    
    
    
    CHANGES TO O2 CAL FILE 
    
    ctd9                           
    OXYGEN CURRENT                          ;
                  D ; 0.2325E-04
                  E ; 0.0
                LAG ; 7.50   
               PCOR ; 0.00015   
               TCOR ;-0.036   
                 C2 ; 0.75   
                TAU ; 0.0
    
    
    
    AT-SEA PROCESSING:
    
    For CTD 9, conductivity sensor was very stable and required 
    little adjusting. Terry McKee processed the data and Bob Millard 
    provided calibration.  Pressure bias required some adjusting at 
    station 40 to make instrument measure 0 for on-deck pressure and 
    to minimize the difference between on-deck pressure for the 
    downcast and the upcast.
    
    
    SHORE-BASED PROCESSING:  
    R.Millard: Calibrations
    J.Dunworth-Baker processing
    
    
    Extensive plotting and comparing led to converting the D1 term in 
    pressure to -400 for CTD9 
    
    
    CTD9
    
    Matlab routines were developed to better fit the data in
    station groups. Conductivity cals were refined. Oxygen fitting
    programs/routines were modified to allow for 2 different cals
    for each station...0-1500 dbars and 1500-bottom. The two cals
    were feathered together over 200 dbars. Bad surface values were
    smoothed or eliminated.  The ctd data were extracted from the 
    matlab workspace into the woce format, using wct_wrt2.  Corrected
    ctdsal and ctdoxy at bottle levels were also extracted from the
    workspace into a sea file template, and merged into the final
    sea file (316N151_3.sea). 
    
    
    MATLAB FILE: kn151v3 
    CRUISE: 316N151_3 
    DATE:   17-Dec-1998  
    
                          CTD9     Conductivity  Calibrations
                          sta         slope         bias  
                          ----     ------------  ------------
                            8      0.000996561     -0.01 
                            9      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           10      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           11      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           12      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           13      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           14      0.000996561     -0.01 
                           15      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           16      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           17      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           18      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           19      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           20      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           21      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           22      0.000996611     -0.01 
                           23      0.000996572     -0.01 
                           24      0.000996584     -0.01 
                           25      0.000996595     -0.01 
                           26      0.000996607     -0.01 
                           27      0.000996619     -0.01 
                           28      0.00099663      -0.01 
                           29      0.000996642     -0.01 
                           30      0.000996654     -0.01 
                           31      0.000996665     -0.01 
                           32      0.000996677     -0.01 
                           33      0.000996689     -0.01 
                           34      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           35      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           36      0.000996639     -0.01    
                           37      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           38      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           39      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           40      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           41      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           42      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           43      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           44      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           45      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           46      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           47      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           48      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           49      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           50      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           51      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           52      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           53      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           54      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           55      0.000996675     -0.01 
                           56      0.000996668     -0.01 
                           57      0.000996661     -0.01 
                           58      0.000996654     -0.01 
                           59      0.000996646     -0.01 
                           60      0.000996639     -0.01 
                           61      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           62      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           63      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           64      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           65      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           66      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           67      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           68      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           69      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           70      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           71      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           72      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           73      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           74      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           75      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           76      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           77      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           78      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           79      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           80      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           81      0.000996664     -0.01 
                           82      0.000996664     -0.01 
    
    
    
    
    MATLAB FILE: kn51v5 
    CRUISE: 316N151_3 
    DATE:   21-Dec-1998  
    
    SHALLOW OXYGEN CALIBRATIONS 
    
      sta     bias      slope          pcor         tcor       wt      lag
      ---   -------   ----------    -----------   --------   ------   ------
        8   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
        9   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       10   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       11   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       12   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       13   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       14   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       15   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       16   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       17   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       18   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       19   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       20   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       21   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       22   0.04014   0.00139344    0.000148981   -0.03203   0.4331   3.7445
       23   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       24   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       25   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       26   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       27   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       28   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       29   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       30   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       31   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       32   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       33   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       34   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       35   0.01354   0.00133207    0.000198752   -0.02617   0.5241   3.7445
       36   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       37   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       38   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       39   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       40   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       41   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       42   0.10237   0.00127476    0.000134255   -0.02508   0.7139   3.7445
       43   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       44   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       45   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       46   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       47   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       48   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       49   0.08834   0.00104998    0.000239343   -0.01718   0.9557   3.7445
       50   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       51   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       52   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       53   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       54   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       55   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       56   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       57   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       58   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       59   0.07287   0.000999973   0.000270196   -0.01557   0.8203   3.7445
       60   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       61   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       62   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       63   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       64   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       65   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       66   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       67   0.09969   0.000772958   0.000351996   -0.00832   1.0417   3.7445
       68   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       69   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       70   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       71   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       72   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       73   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       74   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       75   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       76   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       77   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       78   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       79   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       80   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       81   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
       82   0.0374    0.00141479    0.000130707   -0.02767   0.6427   3.7445
    
    
    
    DEEP OXYGEN CALIBRATIONS
    
      sta     bias      slope          pcor         tcor       wt      lag
      ---   -------   ----------    -----------   --------   ------   ------
        8   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796 - 0.2813   3.7445
        9   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       10   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       11   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       12   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       13   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       14   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       15   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       16   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       17   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       18   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       19   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       20   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       21   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       22   0.85511   0.000391626  -1.51141e-005  -0.04796   0.2813   3.7445
       23   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       24   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       25   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       26   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       27   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       28   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       29   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       30   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       31   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       32   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       33   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       34   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       35   0.05047   0.00156142    0.000127505   -0.0496    0.2164   3.7445
       36   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       37   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       38   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       39   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       40   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       41   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       42   0.02659   0.00158339    0.00013476    -0.05036   0.1415   3.7445
       43  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       44  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       45  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       46  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       47  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       48  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       49  -0.05262   0.00152784    0.000173455   -0.02333   1.0655   3.7445
       50  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       51  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       52  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       53  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       54  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       55  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       56  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       57  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       58  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       59  -0.00274   0.00149448    0.000153066   -0.02868   0.8203   3.7445
       60   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       61   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       62   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       63   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       64   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       65   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       66   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       67   0.02911   0.00149021    0.000139251   -0.03213   1.0417   3.7445
       68   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       69   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       70   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       71   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       72   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       73   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       74   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       75   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       76   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       77   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       78   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       79   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       80   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       81   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       82   0.00492   0.00149473    0.000149884   -0.03184   1.0000   3.7445
       
    
    
    
    CTD88
    
    At sea co cals were checked and considered final. The ctdoxy
    was deemed un-fixable. Quality flags for ctdoxy in the ctd data
    and in the sea file are set to 4, and the quasi-calibrated ctdoxy
    are reported.
    
    
    MATLAB FILE: kn51v88 
    CRUISE: 316N151/3 
    Conductivity Calibrations 
    
                          sta   bias         slope       
                          ---  ------     ----------
                            1  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            2  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            3  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            4  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            5  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            6  -0.011     0.00100259 
                            7  -0.011     0.00100259 
                           83  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           84  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           85  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           86  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           87  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           88  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           89  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           90  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           91  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           92  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           93  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           94  -0.011     0.00100268 
                           95  -0.011     0.00100268 
    
    
    
                                                                                          A20 • PICKART • 1997
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    
    C. NUTRIENT ANALYSES
       ACCE 52W Cruise Report 
       8-Jun-98
    
    
    C.1. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES
    
    Dissolved nutrient analyses were performed by J.C. Jennings, Jr. and B. E. 
    Sullivan from Dr. L. I Gordon's group at Oregon State University (OSU). The 
    analyses were performed using a Technicon AutoAnalyzerII (AAII) which is the 
    property of Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Oceanographic Data Facility 
    (ODF).  This AutoAnalyzer has been used throughout the ACCE Program.  For this 
    52W leg, we substituted an Alpkem Model 303 autosampler for the ODF autosampler.  
    A Keithley model 575 data acquisition system was used in parallel with analog 
    stripchart recorders to acquire the absorbance data for this leg.  The software 
    used to process the nutrient data was developed at OSU.  OSU provided all of the 
    reagent and standard materials.  The analytical methods are described in Gordon 
    et al (1994).
    
    
    SAMPLING PROCEDURES:
    
    Nutrient samples were drawn from all sampled depths on CTD/rosette casts at 
    stations 006 to 095.  High-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles of approximately 
    30-mL volume were used as sample containers, and these same bottles were 
    positioned directly in the autosampler tray.  These sample bottles were 
    routinely rinsed at least 3 times with the sample seawater before filling.  
    Sample bottles were rinsed twice with deionized water after sample runs, and 
    were soaked in 10% HCl every other day.  The nutrient samples were drawn 
    following those for CFCs, helium, tritium, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, 
    alkalinity and salinity.  At most stations, the AAII sample run was started 
    before sampling was completed to reduce delay and minimize possible changes in 
    nutrient concentration due to biological processes.
    
    
    C.2. CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION:
    
    Calibration standards for the nutrient analyses were prepared from high purity 
    preweighed crystalline standard materials. The phosphate and nitrate standard 
    materials had been compared in the OSU laboratory with NIST Standard Reference 
    Materials and the silicofluoride with ultra high purity SiO2 and silicon metal.  
    The materials used were: Phosphate standard: JT Baker potassium di-hydrogen 
    phosphate lot 39548. Nitrate standard: Mallinkrodt potassium nitrate lot VTA.  
    Silicic acid standard: J. T. Baker sodium silicofluoride lot 21078 10A. Nitrite 
    standard: MCB sodium nitrite lot 4205.
    
    At the beginning of the cruise, six separate high concentration standards were 
    prepared in deionized water; two silicic acid standards, two nitrite standards, 
    and two mixed phosphate and nitrate standards.  These duplicate standards were 
    compared before use to ensure the accuracy of their preparation.  Then more 
    dilute mixed standards containing silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate were 
    prepared from these high concentration standards.  Similar mixed standards 
    containing nitrate, phosphate, and silicic acid were prepared in duplicate at 
    intervals of 7 to 10 days and kept refrigerated in HDPE bottles.  For almost 
    every station, a fresh "working standard" was prepared by adding aliquots of the 
    high concentration mixed standard and the nitrite standard to low nutrient 
    seawater.  Working standards were not used if more than six hours had elapsed 
    after their preparation.  These working standards had nutrient concentrations 
    similar to those found in Deep and Bottom waters.
    
    The volumetric flasks and pipettors used to prepare standards were 
    gravimetrically calibrated prior to the cruise.  The Eppendorf Maxipettor 
    adjustable pipettors used to prepare mixed standards typically have a standard 
    deviation of less than 0.002 mL on repeated deliveries of 10-mL volumes.  
    Corrections for the actual volumes of the flasks and pipettors were included in 
    the preliminary data.  The WOCE Operations Manual calls for nutrient 
    concentrations to be reported in units of micromole/kg. Because the salinity 
    information required to compute density is not usually available at the time of 
    initial computation of the nutrient concentrations, our concentrations are 
    always originally computed as micromole/L (uM).  This unit conversion will be 
    made using the corrected salinity data when it is available.
    
    
    C.3. MEASUREMENT OF PRECISION AND BIAS:
    
    C.3.1. Short Term Precision and Bias:
    
    Throughout the cruise, replicate samples drawn in different sample bottles from 
    the same Niskin bottle were analyzed to assess the precision of the AAII 
    analyses.  These replicate samples were analyzed both as adjacent samples (one 
    after the other) and at both the beginning and end of sample runs to monitor 
    deterioration in the samples or uncompensated instrumental drift
    
    We used a randomly selected subset of these replicate samples to estimate short-
    term (within run) precision.  The average standard deviations of 26 sets of 
    quadruplicate determinations are listed below. The deviation of the absolute 
    values of the sample differences gives an estimate of short-term precision while 
    the average difference with regard to sign is an estimate of uncompensated drift 
    or bias.
    
    
                     Nutrient     Avg. Std Dev.  Avg. Difference
                       (uM)          (uM)           (wrt sign)
                     ------------ -------------  ---------------
                     Nitrate         0.043            0.014
                     Nitrite         0.002            0.002
                     Phosphate       0.003            0.002
                     Silicic acid    0.102           -0.070
    
    
    C.3.2. Longer Term Precision:
    
    In an attempt to assess the longer-term, between-station precision of the 
    nutrient data, we fitted the deep nutrient data to sigma 4 data at several 
    adjacent stations where natural background variability appeared to be small.  We 
    believe that the magnitude of the residuals can provide an estimate of station-
    to-station precision.  The means of the absolute values of the residuals for 
    several multi-station curves are presented below.
    
    
           Sta     #point  Mean Silicic acid  Mean Phosphate  Mean Nitrate
           Groups   used     Residual (uM)    Residual (uM)   Residual (uM)
           ------  ------  -----------------  --------------  -------------
           33&34     19      0.58 (1.16%)     0.010 (0.67%)   0.091 (0.45%)
           45-47     36      0.37 (0.74%)     0.004 (0.26%)   0.054 (0.27%)
           54&55     19      0.29 (0.58%)     0.005 (0.33%)   0.070 (0.35%)
                
    
    Only data from depths greater than 2700m were used.  Station pairs 54&55 and 
    33&34 were selected because high concentration mixed standards used changed at 
    these stations.  Stations 45 - 47 were selected because the deep-water 
    variability appeared to be quite small at these locations.  In all cases except 
    the silicic acid fit for stations 33&34, the mean absolute value of the 
    residuals expressed as a percentage of the deep-water concentration is <1.0%.
    
    
    C.4. NUTRIENT QUALITY CONTROL NOTES:
    
    During the 52W cruise, only limited flagging of the nutrient data was performed, 
    except for those few bottles that were obvious leakers and for bottles whose 
    values are average of replicate samples.  (The relatively few Niskin bottles 
    with obvious problems were usually not sampled.)
    
    Nitrate values at 11 stations on the final day of sampling were flagged because 
    of recognized problems. Unusually rapid declines in the efficiency of the Cd 
    reduction column affected the nitrate determinations at stations occupied on 8 
    August 1997 despite repeated replacement of the columns. Our protocol of running 
    calibration standards at both the start and end of each set of samples allows us 
    to minimize the effect of linear changes in system response, but if the change 
    in column efficiency is non-linear with time, some error will be introduced. We 
    have carefully examined the nitrate data at the affected stations. Although we 
    can find no clear effects on the accuracy of these data, we have flagged them as 
    questionable because of the recognized analytical problem affecting these 
    stations. Wherever possible, we compared replicate samples analyzed at both the 
    beginning and end of the affected sample runs. In the worst cases (stations 082, 
    084, and 087) the replicate samples differ by 0.6-0.8 uM over the course of the 
    run. (This is about 2.5% of the near bottom nitrate values.) This should provide 
    a worst case estimate of the imprecision in these stations. Nitrate values were 
    flagged at the following stations: 082, 084-087, and 091-095.
    
    
    Post-Cruise QC Summary:
    
    All of the nutrient data has been re-examined for problems.  A few typographical 
    errors were discovered and corrected and several "questionable" values were 
    identified and flagged.  A summary of data flagging and other notes that may aid 
    in DQE examination is given below:
    
    STATIONS     1 - 5 were CTD only, no bottle samples were drawn.
    STATION 006: Odd numbered bottles sampled
    STATION 007: Odd numbered bottles sampled.  No sample from #13, ran out of 
                 water.
    STATION 015: Only deep bottles tripped.  All parameters shifted slightly 
                 relative to adjacent stations.  The deepest two bottles (1 and 2) 
                 have very low silicic acid and high salinity, flagged as 
                 questionable.
    STATION 20:  Kink in profiles at bottles 6 & 7, with 6 low and 7 high. No 
                 problems found in our raw data.
    STATION 021: Three low silicic acid values resulted from a typo (bottles 13, 14, 
                 and 15).  Edited and recalculated
    STATION 022: Many nitrite values of -0.01.  There was a problem with the DIW 
                 peaks and what looks like some non-linear drift.  Flagged as 3's.
    STATION 028: High nitrite at the bottom.  No obvious problem found in our raw 
                 data.
    STATION 038: 5648m. Low phosphate due to a typo in editing. Recalculated and 
                 edited.
    STATION 39:  1879m. Bottle 14 Slight low nutrient, high oxygen kink, no obvious 
                 problem.
    STATION 45:  2028m, Bottle 12 High silicic acid, flagged as questionable.
    STATION 51:  3941m. Bottle 6 High oxygen, low nut kink. Also present as a 2-
                 bottle feature at Station 52.  No problem obvious in our raw data.
    STATION 59:  4074m, Bottle 4 Low nutrient, high oxygen kink.,  No obvious 
                 problem found in our raw data.  Flagged nitrate, phosphate, and 
                 silicic acid as questionable.
    STATION 60:  Multiple nutrient/oxygen kinks at 4231,3251, and 2762 m. No
                 obvious problems found
    STATIONS     67-70: Lots of variability in nutrients and oxygen around theta 
                 range from 2.5 - 3 degrees.  No obvious problems found.
    STATION 75:  26m, Bottle 32. High silicic acid in original data. Based on the 
                 low salinity/high silicic acid relationship of the Amazon outflow, 
                 we think that nutrient samples for bottles 32 and 33 were reversed 
                 and the high silicic acid belongs with the low salt.  Edited 
                 accordingly.
    STATION 76:  Bottles 12 - 16 Low phosphate (ca 0.03M).  May be a temporary 
                 baseline shift. Flagged as questionable.
    STATION 77:  1485m. Phosphate shifted up with no change in nitrate or oxygen.  
                 This appeared to be a correctable baseline shift.  Phosphate data       
                 for this station were edited and recalculated accordingly.Nitrate 
                 values were flagged at stations: 082, 084-087, 091-095 due to Cd 
                 column problems discussed above.
    
    
    
    REFERENCES
    
    Gordon, L. I., J. C. Jennings, Jr., A. A. Ross and J. M. Krest. 1994.  A 
        suggested protocol for continuous flow automated analysis of seawater 
        nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and silicic acid) in the WOCE 
        Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study.  In WOCE 
        Operations Manual, WOCE Report No. 68/91. Revision 1, 1994. 
    
    
    
                                                                                          A20 • PICKART • 1997
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    
    D. CTD DATA CONSISTENCY CHECK
       (Hajrasuliha/WHPO-SIO)
       2001 DEC 20
    
    a20_ct1.zip
    a20_hy1.csv 
    
    ABOUT THE '_check.txt', '_sal.ps' AND '_oxy.ps' FILES:
    
    The WHP-Exchange format bottle and/or CTD data from this cruise have been
    examined by a computer application for contents and consistency. The
    parameters found for the files are listed, a check is made to see if all
    CTD files for this cruise contain the same CTD parameters, a check is made
    to see if there is a one-to-one correspondence between bottle station
    numbers and CTD station numbers, a check is made to see that pressures
    increase through each file for each station, and a check is made to locate
    multiple casts for the same station number in the bottle data. Results of
    those checks are reported in this '_check.txt' file.
    
    When both bottle and CTD data are available, the CTD salinity data (and, if
    available, CTD oxygen data) reported in the bottle data file are subtracted
    from the corresponding bottle data and the differences are plotted for the
    entire cruise. Those plots are the' _sal.ps' and '_oxy.ps' files.
    
    FOLLOWING PARAMETERS FOUND FOR BOTTLE FILE:
    
                    EXPOCODE        SALNTY          CFC-12
                    SECT_ID         SALNTY_FLAG_W   CFC-12_FLAG_W
                    STNNBR          CTDOXY          CFC113
                    CASTNO          CTDOXY_FLAG_W   CFC113_FLAG_W
                    SAMPNO          OXYGEN          TRITUM
                    BTLNBR          OXYGEN_FLAG_W   TRITUM_FLAG_W
                    BTLNBR_FLAG_W   SILCAT          HELIUM
                    DATE            SILCAT_FLAG_W   HELIUM_FLAG_W
                    TIME            NITRAT          DELC14
                    LATITUDE        NITRAT_FLAG_W   DELC14_FLAG_W
                    LONGITUDE       NITRIT          TCARBN
                    DEPTH           NITRIT_FLAG_W   TCARBN_FLAG_W
                    CTDPRS          PHSPHT          PCO2
                    CTDTMP          PHSPHT_FLAG_W   PCO2_FLAG_W
                    CTDSAL          CFC-11          ALKALI
                    CTDSAL_FLAG_W   CFC-11_FLAG_W   ALKALI_FLAG_W
    
    
      • All ctd parameters match the parameters in the reference station.
         Station #1 has a CTD file, but does not exist in a20_hy1.csv .
         Station #2 has a CTD file, but does not exist in a20_hy1.csv .
         Station #3 has a CTD file, but does not exist in a20_hy1.csv .
         Station #4 has a CTD file, but does not exist in a20_hy1.csv .
         Station #5 has a CTD file, but does not exist in a20_hy1.csv .
      • No bottle pressure inversions found.
      • Bottle file pressures are increasing.
      • No multiple casts found in bottle data.
    
    
    
                                                                                          A20 • PICKART • 1997
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    
    E. WHPO-CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES
    
    
    Date      Contact      Data Type       Data Status Summary
    --------  -----------  --------------  ---------------------------------------
    11/19/97  Dunworth     Cruise Report   Submitted
              I just put the 'zipped-up' cruise report and sum file in INCOMING.
    
    01/11/99  Smethie      CTD/BTL         Will submit data by 8/99
    
    03/03/99  Dunworth     CTD/BTL/SUM     Submitted for DQE
              I just put the A20 data in your anonymous ftp INCOMING.  One of 
              the zipped repeat files is the one you got from Bob Pickart, the 
              other one I constructed from data I got from the nutrient people, 
              the ctd people, and post cruise processing that I did to the data. 
              Questions re: 
               * data acquisition should be directed to Terry Mckee (TMcKee@whoi.edu), 
               * data calibration to Bob Millard (RMillard@whoi.edu). 
              Anything else (i.e. unit conversion, Temp conversion, 
              formatting...) I can try to handle.
    
    11/10/99  Dunworth     SUM             Submitted new file with position corrections
    
    02/25/00  Diggs        SUM             Updated file added to website
    
    05/11/00  Pickart      CTD/BTL         Data are Public
                Line  ExpoCode   Parameter
                A20   316N151_3  BTL
                A20   316N151_3  CTD
              Please mark these data as public and include them on the cdrom. 
    
    06/08/00  Bartolacci   CTD/BTL         Website Updated: online data unencrypted
    
    07/10/00  Huynh        Cruise Report   Website Updated: new pdf, txt docs online
    
    02/01/01  Huynh        Cruise Report   Website Updated: new pdf & txt versions 
              Incorrect DQE statement removed
    
    03/23/01  Dunworth     SUM             Update Needed
              One of the PI's in a20 gave me the following corrections to be 
              made to the sum file. 
              sta 4  BO 43 03.135
                      EN 43 03.176
              sta 56  EN 18 10.996
    
    05/04/01  Kozyr        CO2             Final Data Submitted
              I have put the final CO2-related data files for the N. Atlantic 
              Ocean WOCE Sections A20, A22, and A24 to the WHPO ftp INCOMING 
              area. There are 4 CO2 parameters: Total CO2, Total Alkalinity, pH, 
              and pCO2 (with pCO2 temp) with quality flags. Note, that these 
              data are different from those you have in your data base for these 
              cruises on WHPO web site. Please confirm the data submission.
    
    06/20/01  Uribe        BTL             Website Updated: Exchange file online
              Bottle file in exchange format has been linked to website.
    
    06/21/01  Uribe        CTD/BTL         Website Updated; new Exchange files online
              The Exchange bottle file name in directory and index file was 
                modified to lower case.
              CTD Exchange files were put online.
    
    
    
    Date      Contact      Data Type       Data Status Summary
    --------  -----------  --------------  ---------------------------------------
    08/27/01  Swift        He/Tr           Data Request
              Birdwhistell listed as PI for missing He/Tr data but WHPO 
              presumes this means Jenkins.  WHPO records indicate he/tr data not 
              yet submitted.  Request for earliest possible submission sent to 
              Bill Jenkins.
    
    12/17/01  Hajrasuliha  CTD/BTL         WHPO Data Consistency Check begun
              The following are results from the examminer.pl and plotter.pl 
              code that were run on this cruise. Not all of the errors are 
              reported but rather a summery of what was found. For more 
              information you can go to the cruise directory, and look at the 
              NEW file called CruiseLine_check.txt. Two plot files are also 
              present. _oxy.ps and _sal.ps
               * The _oxy.ps and _sal.ps files created.
               * CTD file is producing errors. Missing some values because 
                 examiner.pl reports use of uninitialized values for the files in 
                 ct1.zip
               * No _check.txt file created for this cruise
    
    12/20/01  Hajrasuliha  CTD             WHPO Data Consistency Check completed
              *check.txt file created for this cruise.
    
    12/20/01  Uribe        CTD             Website Updated: Exchange File Added
              CTD has been converted to Exchange using the new code and put online.
    
    02/06/02  Muus         CO2             Website Updated: CO2 data & Exchange file 
              tcarbn, alkali, pCO2, pH, QUALT2 merged into BTL, new Exchange 
              file added. Carbon data merged with web bottle file. Exchange file 
              version on-line. WOCE format version will be on-line after web 
              links modified.
                Notes on A20 merging     Feb 6, 2002  D.Muus
                1.  Merged TCARBN, ALKALI, PCO2 and PH from:
                    /usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/atlantic/a20/original/ 
                    2001.05.04_A20_A22_A24_CARBON_KOZYR/a20carb.txt
                    into A20 bottle file from web (20010328WHPOSIOKJU)
                2.  Used QUALT1 codes for QUALT2.                                     
                3.  Unable to find CFC data from LDEO(Smethie). Table says at 
                    WHPO-SIO but not in .../onetime/atlantic/a20/original. Table 
                    says He/Tr not yet available from Jenkins(WHOI) and C-14 not yet 
                    available from Key(Princeton).
                4.  Sta 75 Ca 1 Sample 33 has CTDPRS -0.5db which gives wocecvt 
                    error. Changed to 0.0db.      
                5.  Made new exchange file for Bottle data.
                6.  Checked new bottle file with Java Ocean Atlas.
    
    04/01/02  Buck         DELC13          Data moved from incoming
              Moved data from 
                /usr/export/html-public/cgi/SUBMIT/INCOMING/20020401.103223_ 
                 GERLACH_A20   to 
                /usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/atlantic/a20/original/20020401. 
                 103223_GERLACH_A20.
              Data contains a readme file from the data submission page and a 
              txt file called 20020401.103223_GERLACH_A20_a20_desc.txt that 
              lists the flags for the replicate value, it is a detailed listing 
              of those stations which have c13 flags.
    
    
    
    Date      Contact      Data Type       Data Status Summary
    --------  -----------  --------------  ---------------------------------------
    04/10/02  Lebel        CFCs            Submitted final, public CFC data 
              The data disposition is: Public
              The file format is:      Plain Text (ASCII)
              The archive type is:     NONE - Individual File
              The data type(s) is:     Other: updated/finalized CFC data with QUALT2 flags
              The file contains these water sample identifiers:
                Cast Number    (CASTNO)
                Station Number (STATNO)
                Bottle Number  (BTLNBR)
                Sample Number  (SAMPNO)
              LEBEL, DEBORAH would like the following action(s) taken on the data:
                Merge Data
                Place Data Online
                Update Parameters
              Any additional notes are:
                This is the finalized CFC data from A20. Scale is SIO98. Includes 
                QUALT2 flag.
      
    12/17/02  Anderson     CFCs            Website Updated 
              Merged the CFC11 and CFC12 submitted by Lebel in April, 2002 into the 
              online file. Put new file online, and made a new exchange file. 
                Notes on A20 merging:
                  Alex Kozyr sent an e-mail asking about CFCs for a20.  I checked
                  and found 20020410.102538_LEBEL_A20.a20.dat in /usr/export/html-
                  public/data/onetime/atlantic/a20/original/20020410.102538_ 
                  LEBEL_A20.
                I merged the CFC11 and CFC12 from this file into the online file 
                  20020205WHPOSIODM.  
                There were no apparent problems.
                There were 4 stations whose pressures were not in descending order. 
                  I reordered those stations.
    
    01/09/03  Key          DELC14          Submitted
              The A20 and A22 C14 results are attached. I have QC'd the data 
                and each file contains flag values.
              I just got these a couple of days ago, but they can go public as 
                soon as NOSAMS releases the printed data report which should be 
                very soon.
              It'll take me about 2 weeks to get my "final" report to you.
              The electronic version of the data I received from NOSAMS did not 
                include C13, but they (Ann McNichol) should have those numbers.
                3/21/03  Diggs  DELC14  Data checked/decoded/placed in appropriate dir.
              Data from Key in e-mail message checked/decoded and placed in 
                appropriate directory in "original" data area.
    
    
    
    Date      Contact      Data Type       Data Status Summary
    --------  -----------  --------------  ---------------------------------------
    04/08/03  Anderson     CO2/C14/PHSPHT  Website Updated: data OnLine 
              PHSPHT flags re e-mail from A. Kozyr. Merged DELC13 from 
              Gerlach, DELC14 and C14ERR from Key, and TCARBN, ALKALI, PH and 
              PCO2 from Kozyr. Put file online, made new exchange file, sent 
              notes to Jerry.
                a20 merging notes:  April 8, 2003
                 * Alex Kozyr noted that the flags for PHSPHT were 1 in the online 
                   file.  He had a file with the time stamp 20000607WHPOSIODMB that 
                   had correct flags.  I copied the PHSPHT flags from 
                   20000607WHPOSIODMB into the online file.
                 * Merged the DELC13 from file found in ... 
                   original/20020401.071220_GERLACH_A20
                 * Merged DELC14 and C14ERR from file found in ... 
                   original/20030109_A20_C14_KEY.
                 * Data history indicated that in May of 2002 Kozyr submitted final 
                   data for TCARBN, ALKALI, PH, PCO2, and PCO2TMP.  I got this data 
                   from his web site and merged it.
              - Sarilee Anderson
    
    11/10/04  Anderson     CFCs            Website Updated: NetCDF files corrected
              Keith Lindsay (see email below) noted that the NetCDF file was 
              generated before the CFCs were merged.  I regenerated the NetCDF 
              files for the bottle data using the Apr. 9, 2003 file a20_hy1.csv, 
              and put the file online.  I emailed Keith to let him know the file 
              had been updated.  - S. Anderson
                "I have downloaded the NetCDF bottle data from the 1997 
                 occupation of the a20 line. All freon_11 & freon_12 values, 
                 in all of the files, are missing values (-999). Based on 
                 the NetCDF metadata and the Data History from the web, it 
                 looks like the NetCDF files were generated before the CFCs 
                 were merged. Could this be looked into please?"  
                                 - K. Lindsay, 11/10/04
    
    02/25/05  Kappa        Cruise Report   Updated
              Added these Data Processing Notes
              Added report on temp & sal changes over time.
              Updated WHPO-generated station location map and all figs.in PDF 
                version for clarity, especially when scaled up
              Added bookmarks to PDF version
              Added WHPO "CTD Data Consistency Check"
     
    
    
