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A.  CRUISE REPORT:  P03
    (updated JAN 2009)

A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS

                         WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

                  Section designation  P03
    Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  PO3E (Leg.1): 49NZ20051031
                                       P03C (Leg.2): 49NZ20051127
                                       P03W (Leg.3): 49NZ20060120
      Chief Scientists & affiliations  PO3E (Leg.1): Takeshi Kawano, JAMSTEC*
                                       P03C (Leg.2): Akihiko Murata, JAMSTEC*
                                                     Ikuo Kaneko, JAMSTEC*
                                       P03W (Leg.3): Shuichi Watanabe, JAMSTEC*
                                Dates  2005 OCT 31 - 2006 JAN 30
                                 Ship  R/V MIRAI
                        Ports of call  San Diego, U.S.A. to Honolulu, U.S.A. 
                                       to Okinawa, Sekinehama
                   Number of stations  237

                                                   12°43.32'N
Geographic boundaries of the stations  124°59.27'E            117°19.84'W
                                                   32°16.29'N

         Floats and drifters deployed  1 Floats, 0 Drifters
       Moorings deployed or recovered  0 Deployed, 5 recovered




    Takeshi Kawano * E-mail: kawanot@jamstec.go.jp • Tel: +81-46-867-9471
           Akihiko Murata • E-mail: akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp  
          Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program
           Institute of Observational Research for Global Change 
           Japan Agency for Marine-earth Science and Technology 
      2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka, Japan 237-0061 • Fax. +81-46-867-9455

              Dr. Ikuo Kaneko • Oceanographic Research Division
       Meteorological Research Institute • Japan Meteorological Agency 
               1-1 Nagamine Tsukuba City, Ibaragi 305 • JAPAN 
                Tel: +81-298-53-8658 • Fax: +81-298-55-1439 
                    Email: ikuo-kaneko@met.kishou.go.jp

                  Dr. Shuichi Watanabe • Senior Scientist 
           Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 
              690 Kitasekine, Sekine, Mutsu, 035-0022, Japan 
  Tel: +81-468-67-9500 • Fax: +81-468-67-9455  • Email: swata@jamstec.go.jp






CONTENTS

PREFACE

     M. Fukasawa (JAMSTEC)

     DOCUMENTS AND .SUM FILES

1.   CRUISE NARRATIVE
     T. Kawano (JAMSTEC)

2.   UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS

2.1  NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY
     T. Matsumoto (Univ. Ryukyus) et al.
2.2  SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
     K. Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) et al.
2.3  THERMOSALINOGRAPH AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS
     Y. Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) et al.
2.4  UNDERWAY PCO2
     A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al.
2.5  ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROILER
     Y. Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) et al.

3.   HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

3.1  CTD/O2 MEASUREMENTS
     H. Uchida (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.2  SALINITY
     T. Kawano (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.3  OXYGEN
     Y. Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.4  NUTRIENTS
     M. Aoyama (MRI) et al.
3.5  DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON
     A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.6  TOTAL ALKALINITY
     A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.7  PH
     A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.8  CFCS
     K. Sasaki (JAMSTEC) et al.
3.9  LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER
     S. Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) et al.

STATION SUMMARY

     49MR0505_1 .sum file
     49MR0505_2 .sum file
     49MR0505_3 .sum file

FIGURES

     Figure captions
     Station locations
     Bathymetry
     Surface wind
     Sea surface temperature
     Sea surface salinity
     ΔpCO2
     Surface current
     Cross-sections
        Potential temperature
        Salinity
        Salinity (with SSW correction)
        Density (σ 0)
        Density (σ 4)
        Neutral density (γ n)
        Oxygen
        Silicate
        Nitrate
        Nitrite
        Phosphate
        Dissolved inorganic carbon
        Total alkalinity
        pH
        CFC-11
        CFC-12
        CFC-113
        Velocity
     Difference between WOCE and the revisit
        Potential temperature
        Salinity (with SSW correction)
        Oxygen
     .sum, .sea, .wct and other data files CD-ROM on the back cover



PREFACE

Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program of 
IORGC(1) / JAMSTEC(2) selected former WHP(3) line of P3 or P3-1985 as 
one of four repeat long lines in accordance with the mid-term objective 
of the program.

P3 line was occupied by US scientists with Dr. Dean Roemmich 
as the chief scientist in 1985 (They also occupied P1 line on the way 
back to the United States from Japan after P3 line cruise with Dr.
Lynne Talley as the chief scientist) and was the first land-to-land
line in the North Pacific along which sets of high quality
hydrographic observations were carried out.  The performances of P3 
cruise were outstanding from various viewpoints compared to those of 
other historical hydrographic observations.  It should be noted here 
that P3-1985 was the first complete zonal section in the North Pacific 
with a dense station distribution and high quality CTD measurements 
appropriate to estimate meridional ocean fluxes.  Quite a few 
scientific  results have been published.  Most of these results have 
focused attention on the meridonal overturn structure of sea water mass 
and of dissolved materials fluxes induced by the overturn of sea water 
mass.  Those scientific results have given a new viewpoint or concept 
toward ocean general circulation and strongly support the scientific 
needs of WOCE(4).  Also data managing system in SIO(5), one of back 
offices of P3 observation, was recognized as an effective support
to the global hydrography network in WOCE.  In fact, the framework of 
data assembly center (DAC) during WOCE period and ongoing IRHCP(6) 
inherit a concept of data management system from SIO. If it were NOT 
for P3-1985, we might have to make an extraordinary effort to share and 
utilize hydrographic data for global climate study even now.

P3 revisit was carried out during the period from October 31, 2005 
to January 30, 2006 following IRHCP under CLIVAR(7) and IOCCP(8). 
Therefore, the objectives of this revisit are 1) to investigate 
interannual and long-term variations in the ocean circulation and 
associated net property transports and their divergences, and 2) to 
quantify net changes in water mass inventories and renewal rate on 
seasonal to decadal time series, and to explore their relationships to 
estimate ocean transport divergences and air-sea exchanges. Beside 
these comprehensive objectives which are defined by IRHCP, one more 
objective was added to present revisit, that is to detect and evaluate 
changes in heat and material inventories of LCDW(9) together with other 
results from mooring observation across the Wake Island Deep Passage.  
This objective was the very reason why our program preferred P3 to P2.

Lastly, as noted before, we would heartily ask favors of all 
scientists to refer our data books of repeat hydrography including this 
issue as often as possible though those data sets can be accessed 
through web-sites of IORGC(10), JAMSTEC(11), IRHCP(12) and 
CDIAC(13),(14).  No permission is required to reproduce those data 
books and CDs.  Such references are the only proof that our repeat 
hydrography activity is closely connected to science and can keep our 
activity sustainable.

On Canadian Thanksgiving Day at Yokosuka



Masao Fukasawa
Director- General of IORGC/JAMSTEC,
Program Director of Ocean General Circulation Observational Program 
IORGC/JAMSTEC

(1)  Institute of Observational Research for Global Change
(2)  Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
(3)  WOCE(4) Hydrographic Programme
(4)  World Ocean Circulation Experiment
(5)  Scripps Institution of Oceanography
(6)  International Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Project
(7)  Climate Variability and Predictability
(8)  International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project
(9)  Lower Circumpolar Deep Water
(10) http://www.jamstec.go.jp/iorgc/ocorp/data/post-woce.html
(11) http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/index_eng.html
(12) http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/index.html
(13) Carbon Dioxide Analytical Center
(14) http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/RepeatSections/repeat_map.html



1  CRUISE NARRATIVE

1.1  HIGHLIGHT

GHPO Section Designation: P3

Expedition Designation: MR06-06

Chief Scientists and Affiliation:
    Leg.1:  Takeshi Kawano
            kawanot@jamstec.go.jp
    Leg.2:  Akihiko Murata
            akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
            Ikuo Kaneko
            ikuo-kaneko@jamstec.go.jp
    Leg.3:  Shuichi Watanabe
            swata@jamstec.go.jp


Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program
Institute of Observational Research for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka, Japan 237-0061
Fax: +81-46-867-9455

Ship:  R/V MIRAI

Ports of Call:  San Diego (U.S.A.) - Honolulu (U.S.A.) - Okinawa - 
Sekinehama

Cruise  Dates:  October 31, 2005 - January 30, 2006
        Leg.1:  October 31, 2005 - November 24, 2005
        Leg.2:  November 27, 2005 - January 17, 2006
        Leg.3:  January 20, 2006 - January 30, 2006

Number of Stations:  237 stations for CTD/Carousel Water Sampler
                     (Leg.1: 78, Leg.2: 129, Leg.3: 30)

Geographic boundaries:  124° 59.27' E - 117°19.84' W
                         12° 43.32' N -  35°16.29' N

Floats and drifters deployed:  One Argo float was deployed.

Mooring deployed or recovered mooring:  Five mooring systems in the 
    Wake Island Deep Channel were recovered during the period from 
    December 14 to 16, 2005.



1.2  CRUISE SUMMARY

(1)  Geographic boundaries
     
MR05-05 occupied stations along about 24°N, from 117°20' W to 124°59' E.

(2)  Station occupied

A total of 237 stations (Leg.1: 78, Leg.2: 129, Leg.3: 30) were occupied 
using a Sea Bird Electronics 36 bottle carousel equipped with 12-liter Niskin 
X water sample bottles, a SBE911plus equipped with SBE35 deep ocean standards 
thermometer, SBE43 oxygen sensor, AANDERAA "optode" oxygen sensor and Benthos 
Inc. Altimeter and RDI Monitor ADCP. Cruise track and station location are 
shown in Figure 1.2.1. 

(3)  Sampling and measurements 

Water samples were analyzed for salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFC-11, -12, 
-113, total alkalinity, DIC, and pH. The sampling layers in dbar were 10, 50, 
100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 
1,600, 1,800, 2,000, 2,200, 2,400, 2,600, 2,800, 3,000, 3,250, 3,500, 3,750, 
4,000, 4,250, 4,500, 4,750, 5,000, 5,250, 5,500, 5,750 and bottom (minus 10 
m). Samples for POM, 14C, 13C, 15N, 137Cs, N2O, CH4 and Bacteria were also 
collected at the selected stations. The bottle depth diagram is shown in 
Figure 1.2.2. Underway measurements of pCO2, temperature, salinity, oxygen, 
surface current, bathymetry and meteorological parameters were conducted 
along the cruise track.

(4)  Floats and Drifters deployed

One ARGO float was launched along the cruise track. The launched positions of 
the ARGO floats are listed in Table 1.2.1.


TABLE 1.2.1. Launched positions of the ARGO float.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 Float  ARGOS   Date and Time    Date and Time  
 S/N    PTT ID  of Reset (UTC)  of Launch (UTC)     Location of Launch     CTD St. No.
 -----  ------  --------------  ---------------  ------------------------  -----------
 2296   60094     7:32 Jan.,3      09:22 Jan     3 24°14.25'N, 144°12.65'E    P03-291
_______________________________________________________________________________________


(5)  Moorings deployed or recovered

Five moorings for Wake Island passage Flux Experiment (WIFE) were recovered. 
Locations of the moorings are listed in Table 1.2.2.


TABLE 1.2.2. Location of the moorings determined by acoustic navigation 
             system. Locations of WM2 and WM1 could not be determined 
             by acoustic navigation system due to leaking of the 
             transponder. Depth of each location is derived from multi 
             narrow beam bathymetry data obtained in this cruise.

             ______________________________________________________
             
              Station   Latitude        Longitude      Depth (m)
              -------   ------------    -------------  ---------
                WM5     16° 26.18' N    171° 33.21' E   5,477
                WM4     15° 31.19' N    171° 14.69' E   5,616
                WM3     14° 34.14' N    170° 55.21' E   5,680
                WM2    (13° 38.45' N)  (170° 34.70' E)  5,522
                WM1    (12° 45.90' N)  (170° 14.90' E)  5,378
             ______________________________________________________


1.3  LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND PERSON IN CHARGE ON THE SHIP

The principal investigator (PI) and the person in charge responsible for 
major parameters measured on the cruise are listed in Table 1.3.1.


TABLE 1.3.1(a).  List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on 
                 the ship for Leg.1.

________________________________________________________________________

 Item        Principal Investigator        Person in Charge on the Ship
 ----------- ----------------------------  ----------------------------
 UNDERWAY
 ADCP        Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC)   Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
             yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp
 Bathymetry  Takeshi Matsumoto             Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
             (Univ. Ryukyus)
             tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
 Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC)      Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
             yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp
 T-S         Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takuya Shiozaki (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 pCO2        Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Minoru Kamata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp

 HYDROGRAPHY
 CTDO        Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)      Kentaro Oyama (MWJ)
             huchida@jamstec.go.jp
 Salinity    Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)      Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ)
             kawanot@jamstec.go.jp
 Oxygen      Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takayoshi Seike (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 Nutrients   Michio Aoyama (MRI)           Kenichiro Sato (MWJ)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp
 DIC         Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Minoru Kamata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Alkalinity  Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Taeko Ohama (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 pH          Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Taeko Ohama (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 CFCs        Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC)      Hideki Yamamoto (MWJ)
             ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp
 LADCP       Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC)     Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC)
             skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp
 Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)
             kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp
 137Cs & Pu  Michio Aoyama (MRI)           Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp)
 CH4 etc.    NaohiroYoshida (TITECH)       Osamu Yoshida (TITEC)
             naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp
_______________________________________________________________________
 GODI:          Global Ocean Development Inc.
 JAMSTEC:       Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
 MRI:           Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency 
 MWJ:           Marine Works Japan. LTD
 TITECH:        Tokyo Institute of Technology
 Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus


TABLE 1.3.1(b).  List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on 
                 the ship for Leg.2.

_______________________________________________________________________

 Item        Principal Investigator        Person in Charge on the Ship
 ----------- ----------------------------  ----------------------------
 UNDERWAY
 ADCP        Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC)   Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp
 Bathymetry  Takeshi Matsumoto             Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             (Univ. Ryukyus) 
             tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
 Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC)      Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
             yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp
 T-S         Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 pCO2        Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp

 HYDROGRAPHY
 CTDO        Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)      Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ)
             huchida@jamstec.go.jp
 Salinity    Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)      Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ)
             kawanot@jamstec.go.jp
 Oxygen      Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takayoshi Seike (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 Nutrients   Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko     Hamanaka (MWJ)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp
 DIC         Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Alkalinity  Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 pH          Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 CFCs        Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC)      Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ)
             ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp
 LADCP       Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC)     Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)
             skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp
 Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) 
             kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp
 137Cs & Pu  Michio Aoyama (MRI)           Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp)
 CH4 etc.    NaohiroYoshida (TITECH)       Narin Boontanon (TITECH)
             naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp

 FLOATS, DRIFTERS
 Argo float  Nobuyuki Shikama (JAMSTEC)    Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ)
             nshikama@jamstec.go.jp
 Mooring     Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)      Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ)
             huchida@jamstec.go.jp
_______________________________________________________________________
 GODI:          Global Ocean Development Inc.
 JAMSTEC:       Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
 MRI:           Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency 
 MWJ:           Marine Works Japan. LTD
 TITECH:        Tokyo Institute of Technology
 Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus


TABLE 1.3.1(b).  List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on 
                 the ship for Leg.2.

_________________________________________________________________________

 Item        Principal Investigator        Person in Charge on the Ship
 ----------- ----------------------------  ----------------------------
 UNDERWAY
 ADCP        Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC)   Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp
 Bathymetry  Takeshi Matsumoto             Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             (Univ. Ryukyus) 
             tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
 Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC)      Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
             yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp
 T-S         Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 pCO2        Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Bacteria    Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES)      Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES)
             tamayamam@kuramae.ne.jp

 HYDROGRAPHY
 CTDO        Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)      Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ)
             huchida@jamstec.go.jp
 Salinity    Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)      Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ)
             kawanot@jamstec.go.jp
 Oxygen      Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takayoshi Seike (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 Nutrients   Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko     Hamanaka (MWJ)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp
 DIC         Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Alkalinity  Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 pH          Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 CFCs        Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC)      Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ)
             ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp
 LADCP       Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC)     Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)
             skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp
 Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) 
             kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp
 CH4 etc.    NaohiroYoshida (TITECH)       Narin Boontanon (TITECH)
             naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp
________________________________________________________________________
 GODI:          Global Ocean Development Inc.
 JAMES:         Japan Macro-Engineers' Society
 JAMSTEC:       Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
 MRI:           Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency 
 MWJ:           Marine Works Japan. LTD
 TITECH:        Tokyo Institute of Technology
 Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus


TABLE 1.3.1(c).  List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on 
                 the ship for Leg.3.

_________________________________________________________________________

 Item        Principal Investigator        Person in Charge on the Ship
 ----------- ----------------------------  ----------------------------
 UNDERWAY
 ADCP        Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC)   Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp
 Bathymetry  Takeshi Matsumoto             Shinya Okumura (GODI)
             (Univ. Ryukyus) 
             tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
 Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC)      Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
             yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp
 T-S         Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 pCO2        Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Bacteria    Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES)      Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES)
             tamayamam@kuramae.ne.jp

 HYDROGRAPHY
 CTDO        Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)      Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ)
             huchida@jamstec.go.jp
 Salinity    Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC)      Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ)
             kawanot@jamstec.go.jp
 Oxygen      Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Takayoshi Seike (MWJ)
             kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp
 Nutrients   Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko     Hamanaka (MWJ)
             maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp
 DIC         Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Mikio Kitada (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 Alkalinity  Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 pH          Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)      Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
             akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp
 CFCs        Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC)      Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ)
             ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp
 LADCP       Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC)     Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC)
             skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp
 Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)   Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) 
             kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp
 CH4 etc.    NaohiroYoshida (TITECH)       Narin Boontanon (TITECH)
             naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp
_________________________________________________________________________
 GODI:          Global Ocean Development Inc.
 JAMES:         Japan Macro-Engineers' Society
 JAMSTEC:       Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
 MRI:           Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency 
 MWJ:           Marine Works Japan. LTD
 TITECH:        Tokyo Institute of Technology
 Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus


1.4  SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM AND METHODS

(1) Objectives of MR05-05 cruise project

It is well known that the oceans play a central role in determining global 
climate. However, heat and material transports in the oceans and their 
temporal changes have not yet been sufficiently quantified. Therefore, the 
global climate change is not understood satisfactorily. The purposes of this 
research are to evaluate transports of heat and materials such as carbon and 
nutrients in the North Pacific and to detect their long term changes and 
basin-scale biogeochemical changes since the 1990s.  

This cruise is a reoccupation of the hydrographic section called 'WHP-P3', 
which was once observed by an ocean science group of USA in 1985 and later 
the observation data were included in the data set of the World Ocean 
Circulation Experiment (WOCE: 1990-2002) Hydrographic Programme (WHP). We 
will compare physical and chemical properties along section WHP-P3 with those 
obtained in 1985 to detect and evaluate long term changes in the marine 
environment of the North Pacific.

Reoccupations of the WOCE hydrographic sections are now in progress by 
international cooperation among ocean science communities, in the framework 
of CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability) as part of World Climate 
Research Programme (WCRP) and IOCCP (International Ocean Carbon Coordination 
Project).  Our research is planned as a contribution to these international 
projects supported by WMO, ICSU/SCOR, and UNESCO/IOC.

The other objectives of this cruise are as follows:
(1) to observe surface meteorological and hydrogical parameters as a 
    basic data of meteorology and oceangraphy,

(2) to observe sea bottom topography, gravity and magnetic fields along the 
    cruise track for understanding the dynamics of ocean plate and 
    accompanying geophysical activities,
 
(3) to contribute to establishment of data base for model validation,
 
(4) ARGO sensor calibration and its deployment in the western Pacific,

(5) Calibration and recovery of mooring sensors in the Wake Island Passage.


(2)  Cruise Overview

MR05-05 cruise was carried out during the period from October 31, 2005 to 
January 30, 2006.  The cruise started from the coast near San Diego and 
sailed towards west along approximately 24°N. This line was observed in 1985 
as a part of WOCE Hydrographic Programme. A total of 237 stations were 
observed. At each station, full-depth CTD profile and up to 36 water samples 
were taken and analyzed. Water samples were obtained from fixed layers with 
12-liter Niskin bottles attached to 36-position SBE carousel water sampler. 
The layers were 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 
700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, 2,000, 2,200, 2,400, 2,600, 
2,800, 3,000, 3,250, 3,500, 3,750, 4,000, 4,250, 4,500, 4,750, 5,000, 5,250, 
5,500, 5,750 dbar and approximately 10 dbar above the bottom. The scientists 
of JAMSTEC and Meteorological Research Institute and the technicians of 
Marine Works Japan. LTD (MWJ) were responsible for analyzing water sample for 
salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, total carbon contents, 
alkalinity, and pH. They also contributed to sampling for total organic 
carbon, radiocarbon and so on. A scientist of Japan Macro-Engineers' Society 
joined Leg.3 of the cruise for the research on Colon Bacillus and General 
Bacteria. The scientists of Tokyo Institute of Technology joined the cruise 
for their research on chemical oceanography. A scientist from University of 
the Ryukyus was a principal investigator for geological parameters 
(topography, geo-magnetic field and gravity). The technicians of Global Ocean 
Development Inc. (GODI) had responsibility for a part of underway 
measurements such as current velocity by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 
(ADCP) geological parameters (topography, geo-magnetic field and gravity), 
and meteorological parameters. One ARGO floats prepared by JAMSTEC was 
launched by MWJ technicians and the ship crew.

(3) Cruise narrative

R/V MIRAI departed San Diego (U.S.A) on October 31, 2005. She called for 
Honolulu (U.S.A.) on November 24, 2005 (Leg.1).  She left Honolulu on 
November 27, 2005 for Okinawa (Japan) and arrived at Nakagusuku (Okinawa, 
Japan) on January 17, 2006 (Leg.2).  For Leg.3, she departed from Nakagusuku 
on January 20, 2006 and arrived at Sekinehama on January 30, 2006.  All 
watchstanders were drilled in the method of sample drawing before the first 
station. We observed 237 stations along approximately 24°N, namely WHP P3.


1.5 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED

(1) Position Changed
 
(a) Leg.1

Positions of stations 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128 were changed from 
158°16.2'W, 24°15.7'N), (159°0.5'W, 24°14.5'N), (159°46.8'W, 24°28.1'N), 
(160°31.9'W, 24°40.2'N) and (161°15.4'W, 24°53.6'N) to (158°00'W, 25°00'N), 
159°0.5'W, 25°50'N), (159°46.8'W, 25°50'N), (160°31.9'W, 24°50'N) and 
(161°15.4'W, 25°50'N), respectively, to avoid entering the training area of 
U. S. Navy.
 
(b) Leg.2

The position of Station 155 was changed from (24°10.00'N, 167°06.40'W) to 
(24°08.82'N, 167°07.96'W). This is because the value of the water depth 
(2,006 m) at the original position recorded in the SUM file of WHP-P3 in 1985 
was largely different from our value (800 m) at Station 155, whose position 
was accurately determined by modern GPS system. In addition to that, the 
original position of Station 155 was so unnaturally distributed against 
adjacent stations on the WHP-P3 section in 1985 that we could guess its 
position incorrect or inaccurate. Dr. Roemmich's (Chief scientist of WHP-P3 
in 1985) reply to our enquiry on this matter is "It would seem that the ship 
was positioned correctly in between Stations 154 and 157, but the recorded 
position was erroneously taken from the dead reckoning Satnav computer".

The position of Station X09 (the crossover station with WHP-P09) was changed 
from (24°30.2'N, 136°59.1'E) to (23°59.22'N, 136°59.60'E) because a fishery 
boat was operating longline fishing at the planning position when  R/V MIRAI 
reached there on January 6, 2006.

(c) Leg.3
    None of the station positions was changed. However, TS3 was shifted about 
    0.3 nm from its planning position because a lot of fishing boats were in 
    operation.

(2) Misfiring and mistrip
    
The carousel water sampler misfired at the following stations: 
    Leg.1: 33, 51 and 116 
    Leg.2: X14, 201, 203, 217, 231, 322 and 351_2
    Leg.3: None
    
Through the bottle data QC, mistrips were detected at the following stations:
    Leg.1: 38
    Leg.2: 185, WC2, WC5, 289, 357 and 351_2
    Leg.3: 380

(3) CTD sensor replacement

During Leg.2, we encountered several problems (drift, shift, noise) in 
CTD sensors and replaced them after the following stations:
    Station X14: primary and secondary conductivity sensors
    Station WC8: primary oxygen sensor
    Station 285: secondary oxygen sensor

(4) Interruption of sequential occupations due to gale and bad sea condition
    
At Station 353 above the Ryukyu Trench, the first CTD cast was hindered due 
to bad weather and sea conditions. Since the prolonged gale was predicted 
around the area, we abandoned the original plan for sequential occupations of 
the P3 stations from east to west, reached the west end station (Station 
369), and re-started the observation from west to east toward Station 351, 
where sections were connected with the second CTD cast. Station 351 was 
occupied twice in Leg.2.
   
The CTD observation in the East China Sea was suspended at Station 384 due to 
bad sea condition lasting for about half day. The observation was restarted 
at Station 382.


TABLE 1.6.1. List of cruise participants in Leg.1. 

______________________________________________________________________

 Name               Main tasks                          Affiliation  
 -----------------  ----------------------------------  -------------
 Ayako Fujii        CH4, N(2)O, 15^N                    TITECH       
 Go Haruta          Water Sampling                      MWJ          
 Hiroyuki Hayashi   CTD                                 MWJ          
 Akihito Hirai      Laser Ladar, Infrared Radiometer    Chiba Univ.  
 Tetsuya Inaba      Water Sampling                      MWJ          
 Yoshiko Ishikawa   Carbon Items                        MWJ          
 Minoru Kamata      Carbon Items                        MWJ 
 Takeshi Kawano     Chief Scientist, Salinity           IORGC/JAMSTEC
 Mikio Kitada       Carbon Items                        MWJ 
 Fujio Kobayashi    Salinity                            MWJ 
 Shinya Kouketsu    LADCP, ADCP                         IORGC/JAMSTEC
 Katsuhisa Maeno    Meteorology, Geology                GODI 
 Junji Matsushita   Nutrients                           MWJ 
 Takami Mori        Water Sampling                      MWJ 
 Norio Nagahama     Meteorology, Geology                GODI 
 Yoshifumi Noiri    Water Sampling                      MWJ 
 Taeko Ohama        Carbon Items                        MWJ 
 Miwa Okino         Water Sampling                      MWJ 
 Kosuke Okudaira    Water Sampling                      MWJ 
 Kentaro Oyama      CTD                                 MWJ 
 Satoshi Ozawa      Chief Technologist, Water Sampling  MWJ 
 Kenichi Sasaki     CFCs                                MIO/JAMSTEC
 Kenichiro Sato     Nutrients                           MWJ 
 Takayoshi Seike    LADCP, DO                           MWJ 
 Takuhei Siozaki    DO, Thermosalinograph               MWJ 
 Ayumi Takeuchi     Nutrients                           MWJ 
 Tatsuya Tanaka     Salinity                            MWJ 
 Hiroshi Uchida     Water Sampling, CTD                 IORGC/JAMSTEC
 Hiroki Ushiromura  CTD                                 MWJ 
 Masahide Wakita    CFCs                                MIO/JAMSTEC
 Keisuke Wataki     DO, Thermosalinograph               MWJ 
 Hideki Yamamoto    CFCs                                MWJ 
 Osamu Yoshida      CH4, N(2)O, 15^N                    TITECH 
 Atsushi Yoshimura  Water Sampling                      MWJ 
______________________________________________________________________
 Chiba Univ.:  Chiba University
 GODI:         Global Ocean Development Inc.
 MWJ:          Marine Works Japan. LTD
 JAMSTEC:      Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 
 IORGC:        Institute of Observational Research for Global Change
 MIO:          Mutsu Institute for Oceanography
 TITECH:       Tokyo Institute of Technology 


TABLE 1.6.2. List of cruise participants in Leg.2. 

_______________________________________________________________________

 Name                 Main tasks                        Affiliation
 -------------------  --------------------------------  --------------
 Eiji Abe             Laser Radar, Infrared Radiometer  Chiba Univ. 
 Narin Boontanon      CH4, N(2)O, 15^N                  TITECH 
 Masanori Enoki       CFCs                              MWJ 
 Ami Fujiwara         Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Junko Hamanaka       Nutrients                         MWJ 
 Yasushi Hashimoto    Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Ei Hatakeyama        Carbon Items                      MWJ 
 Miyo Ikeda           Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Yasutaka Imai        Meteorology, Geology, ADCP        GODI 
 Ikuo Kaneko          Chief Scientist, LADCP            IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Mikio Kitada         Carbon Items                      MWJ 
 Fujio Kobayashi      Salinity                          MWJ 
 Misato Koide         Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Hiroshi Komura       Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Yuichiro Kumamoto    Water Sampling, DO                IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Kohei Miura          Nutrients                         MWJ 
 Takami Mori          Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Masaki Moro          Carbon Items                      MWJ 
 Akihiko Murata       Chief Scientist, Carbon Items     IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Akinori Murata       CTD, Water Sampling               MWJ 
 Kimiko Nishijima     DO, Thermosalinograph             MWJ 
 Ryo Ohyama           Meteorology, Geology, ADCP        GODI 
 Shinya Okumura       Meteorology, Geology, ADCP        GODI 
 Asako Onda           Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Satoshi Ozawa        CTD, Argo Float                   MWJ 
 Katsunori Sagishima  CFCs                              MWJ 
 Kenichi Sasaki       CFCs                              MIO/JAMSTEC 
 Kenichiro Sato       Water Sampling                    MWJ 
 Takayoshi Seike      DO                                MWJ 
 Fuyuki Shibata       Chief Technologist, Carbon Items  MWJ 
 Naoko Takahashi      Salinity                          MWJ 
 Tomoyuki Takamori    CTD, Water Sampling               MWJ 
 Ayumi Takeuchi       Nutrients                         MWJ 
 Shinsuke Toyoda      CTD, Water Sampling               MWJ 
 Hiroshi Uchida       LADCP, Mooring, CTD               IORGC/JAMSTEC
 Hirokatsu Uno        CTD                               MWJ
 Hiroki Ushiromura    CFCs                              MWJ
_______________________________________________________________________
 Chiba Univ.:  Chiba University 
 GODI:         Global Ocean Development Inc. 
 MWJ:          Marine Works Japan. LTD 
 JAMSTEC:      Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 
 IORGC:        Institute of Observational Research for Global Change 
 MIO:          Mutsu Institute for Oceanography 
 TITECH:       Tokyo Institute of Technology 


TABLE 1.6.3. List of cruise participants in Leg.3. 

__________________________________________________________________________

 Name               Main tasks                              Affiliation 
 -----------------  --------------------------------------  --------------
 Yukiko Aoyagi      Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Narin Boontanon    CH4, N(2)O, 15^N                        TITECH 
 Masanori Enoki     CFCs                                    MWJ 
 Ami Fujiwara       Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Chusei Fujiwara    Laser Radar, Infrared Radiometer        GODI 
 Yoko Fukuda        Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Junko Hamanaka     Nutrients                               MWJ 
 Miyo Ikeda         Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Yoshiko Ishikawa   Carbon Items                            MWJ 
 Minoru Kamata      Chief Technologist, Carbon Items        MWJ 
 Misato Koide       Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Shinya Koketsu     LADCP, ADCP, Bathymetry                 IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Yuichiro Kumamoto  Water Sampling, DO                      IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Hiroshi Komura     Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Masaaki Maekawa    Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Katsuhisa Maeno    Meteorology, Geology, ADCP              GODI 
 Junji Matsushita   Nutrients                               MWJ 
 Hiroshi Matsunaga  CTD                                     MWJ 
 Kohei Miura        Nutrients                               MWJ 
 Masaki Moro        Carbon Items                            MWJ 
 Kimiko Nishijima   DO                                      MWJ 
 Tomohide Noguchi   CTD, Water Sampling                     MWJ 
 Taeko Ohama        Carbon Items                            MWJ 
 Asako Onda         Water Sampling                          MWJ 
 Kentaro Oyama      CTD                                     MWJ 
 Ryo Ohyama         Meteorology, Geology, ADCP              GODI 
 Takuhei Shiozaki   DO                                      MWJ 
 Yuichi Sonoyama    CFCs                                    MWJ 
 Naoko Takahashi    Salinity                                MWJ 
 Masaaki Tamayama   Bacteria                                JAMES 
 Tatsuya Tanaka     Salinity                                MWJ 
 Hiroshi Uchida     Water Sampling, CTD                     IORGC/JAMSTEC 
 Masahide Wakita    CFCs                                    MIO/JAMSTEC 
 Shuichi Watanabe   Chief Scientist, LADCP, Water Sampling  MIO/JAMSTEC 
 Makito Yokota      CTD, Water Sampling                     MWJ 
 Hideki Yamamoto    CFCs                                    MWJ 
__________________________________________________________________________
 GODI:     Global Ocean Development Inc. 
 MWJ:      Marine Works Japan. LTD 
 JAMES:    Japan Macro-Engineers' Society 
 JAMSTEC:  Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 
 IORGC:    Institute of Observational Research for Global Change 
 MIO:      Mutsu Institute for Oceanography 
 TITECH:   Tokyo Institute of Technology 



2. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENT

2.1 NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY
    June 28, 2007

2.1.1 Navigation

(1) Personnel

Souichiro Sueyoshi  (GODI)
Katsuhisa Maeno     (GODI)
Norio Nagahama      (GODI)
Yasutaka Imai       (GODI)
Shinya Okumura      (GODI)
Ryo Ohyama          (GODI)

(2) Overview of the equipment

The Ship's position was measured by navigation system, made by Sena Co. Ltd, 
Japan. The system has two 12-channel GPS receivers (Leica MX9400N) and two 9-
channel GPS receivers (Trimble DS-4000). GPS antennas located at Navigation 
deck, offset to starboard and portside, respectively. We switched them to 
choose better state of receiving when the number of the available GPS 
satellites decreased or HDOP increased. The system also integrates gyro 
heading (Tokimec TG-6000), log speed (Furuno DS-30) and other navigation 
devices data on HP workstation. The workstation keeps accurate time using GPS 
Time server (Datum Tymserv2100) via NTP (Network Time Protocol). Navigation 
data was recorded as "SOJ" data every 60 seconds.

(3) Data period

    Leg.1: 16:50, 31 October 2005 to 18:40, 24 November 2005 (UTC) 
    Leg.2: 19:00, 27 November 2005 to 01:10, 17 January 2006 (UTC) 
    Leg.3: 23:50, 19 January 2006 to 00:00, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

2.1.2 Bathymetry

(1) Personnel

 Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board:
    Souichiro Sueyoshi  (GODI)
    Katsuhisa Maeno     (GODI)
    Norio Nagahama      (GODI)
    Yasutaka Imai       (GODI)
    Shinya Okumura      (GODI)
    Ryo Ohyama          (GODI)

(2) Overview of the equipments

R/V MIRAI equipped a Multi Narrow Beam Echo Sounding system (MNBES), SEABEAM 
2112.004 (SeaBeam Instruments Inc.) The main objective of MNBES survey is 
collecting continuous bathymetry data along ship's track to make a 
contribution to geological and geophysical investigations and global 
datasets. Data interval along ship's track was max 17 seconds at 6,000 m. To 
obtain accurate sound velocity profile of water column for ray-path 
correction of acoustic multibeam, we used Surface Sound Velocimeter (SSV) 
data for the surface (6.2 m) sound velocity, and the sound velocity profile 
of the deeper depths was calculated using temperature and salinity profiles 
from the nearest CTD data by the equation in Mackenzie (1981).

System configuration and performance of SEABEAM 2112.004,
    Frequency:              12 kHz
    Transmit beam width:    2 degree
    Transmit power:         20 kW
    Transmit pulse length:  3 to 20 msec.
    Depth range:            100 to 11,000 m
    Beam spacing:           1 degree athwartships
    Swath width:            150 degree (max)
                            120 degree to 4,500 m
                            100 degree to 6,000 m
                            90 degree to 11,000 m
    Depth accuracy: Within < 0.5% of depth or +/-1m, whichever is 
                    greater, over the entire swath. (Nadir beam has 
                    greater accuracy; typically within < 0.2% of depth or 
                    +/-1m, whichever is greater)

(3) Data Period

Bathymetric survey was carried out along the CTD observation line during the 
cruise
    Leg.1:  P03-001c on 31 Oct 2005 to P03-146 on 22 Oct. 2005
    Leg.2:  P03-146  on 30 Nov 2005 to P03-351 on 15 Jan 2006
    Leg.3:  P03-370  on 20 Jan 2006 to TS-1 on 26 Jan 2006.

(4) Data processing

(4.1) Editing for the navigation data

Erroneous navigation data are manually removed (by using "mbnavedit" 
module of the mbsystem) and linearly interpolated.

(4.2) Sound velocity correction

The continuous bathymetry data are split into small areas around each CTD 
station. For each small area, the bathymetry data are corrected using a sound 
velocity profile calculated from the CTD data in the area. The equation of 
Mackenzie (1981) is used for calculating sound velocity. The data processing 
is carried out using "mbbath" module of the mbsystem

(4.3) Gridding

Gridding for the bathymetry data is carried out using the HIPS software 
version 5.4 (CARIS, Canada). Firstly, the bathymetry data during a turn, 
speed up or down are removed using swath editor and subset editor. A spike 
noise of each swath data is also removed. Then the bathymetry data are 
gridded by "Interpolate" function of the software with the following 
parameters.
    Matrix size: 5 x 5
    Number of nearneighbors: 16

Reference

Mackenzie, K.V. (1981): Nine-term equation for the sound speed in the oceans, 
    J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 70 (3), pp 807-812.


2.1.3 Sea surface gravity

(1) Personnel

Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board:
    Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
    Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI)
    Norio Nagahama (GODI)
    Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
    Shinya Okumura (GODI)
    Ryo Ohyama (GODI)

(2) Introduction

Marine gravity is an important parameter in geophysics and geodesy. We 
collected gravity data at the sea surface during the MR05-05 Leg.1 cruise 
from 31 Oct. 2005 to 24 Nov. 2005, Leg.2 cruise from 27 Nov. 2005 to 17 Jan. 
2006, Leg.3 cruise from 20 Jan. 2006 to 30 Jan. 2006.

(3) Parameters

Relative Gravity [mGal]

(4) Data Acquisition

We have measured relative gravity using LaCoste and Romberg air-sea gravity 
system II (Micro-G LaCoste, Inc.) during this cruise. To convert the relative 
gravity to absolute one, we measured gravity, using portable gravity meter 
(Scintrex gravity meter CG-3M), at Honolulu and Nakagusuku and Sekinehama as 
reference points.

(5) Preliminary Results

Absolute gravity is shown in Table 2.1.3.


TABLE 2.1.3. Absolute gravity table MR05-05 cruise.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

                                         Absolute    Sea          Gravity at
                                         Gravity    Level  Draft  Sensor*^1    L&R*^2
 No.     Date       UTC     Port         (mGal)     (cm)   (cm)     (mGal)     (mGal)
 ---  -----------  -----  -------------  ---------  -----  -----  ----------  --------
  1   2005/Oct/31  14:23  SanDiego          -        240    636       -       11853.79
  2   2005/Nov/25  21:59  Honolulu       978927.57   154    655   978928.10   11266.15
  3   2006/Jan/19  02:41  Nakagusuku*^3  979114.12   219    610   979114.83   11456.52
  4   2006/Jan/19  23:03  Nakagusuku*^3  979114.12   237    605   979114.88   11456.67
  5   2006/Feb/1   00:52  Sekinehama     980371.95   286    625   980372.87   12719.15
_______________________________________________________________________________________
    *1: Gravity at Sensor = Absolute Gravity + Sea Level*0.3086/100 
                          + (Draft-530)/100*0.0431
    *2: LaCoste and Romberg air-sea gravity system II
    *3: It was measured at June 20, 2003.

(6) Data Archives

Gravity data obtained during this cruise will be submitted to the JAMSTEC 
Data Management Division, and will be archived there.  

(7) Remarks

 1. We did not collect data from 18 Nov. 2005 18:55UTC to 19:10UTC, due to 
    reboot of the meter.
 2. Long Accelerometer did not work properly from 31 Oct. 2005 to 18 Nov. 
    19:10. Therefore, Gravity, VCC and AL were not correct value.

2.1.4 On-board geomagnetic measurement

(1) Personnel

Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board:

Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI)
Norio Nagahama (GODI)
Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
Shinya Okumura (GODI)
Ryo Ohyama (GODI)

(2) Introduction

Measurement of geomagnetic field on the sea is required for the 
interpretation of marine magnetic anomaly caused by magnetization in the 
upper crust. We measured geomagnetic field using a three-component 
magnetometer during the MR05-05 Leg.1 cruise from 31 Oct. 2005 to 24 Nov. 
2005, Leg.2 cruise from 27 Nov. 2005 to 17 Jan. 2006, and Leg.3 cruise from 
20 Jan. 2006 to 30 Jan. 2006.

(3) Method

A shipboard three-component magnetometer system (Tierra Tecnica SFG1214) is 
equipped on-board R/V MIRAI. Three-axis flux-gate sensors with ring-cored 
coils are fixed on the fore mast. Outputs of the sensors are digitized by a 
20-bit A/D converter (1 nT/LSB), and sampled at 8 times per second. Ship's 
heading, pitch and roll are measured utilizing a ring-laser gyro installed 
for controlling attitude of a Doppler radar. Ship's position (GPS) and speed 
data are taken from LAN every second.

(4) Data Archives

Magnetic field data obtained during this cruise will be submitted to the 
JAMSTEC Data Management Division, and will be archived there.

(5) Remarks

We collected the data for calibration during the following period by 
'figure-eight' turn.
    11 Oct. 2005 00:00 - 00:23 (Leg.1)
    08 Dec. 2005 05:58 - 06:22 (Leg.2)
    01 Jan. 2006 03:55 - 04:21 (Leg.2)
    28 Jan. 2006 08:25 - 08:50 (Leg.3)


2.2 SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
    June 15, 2007

(1) Personnel

Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC)
Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI)
Norio Nagahama (GODI)
Yasutaka Imai (GODI)
Shinya Okumura (GODI)
Ryo Ohyama (GODI)

(2) Objective

As a basic dataset that describes weather conditions during the cruise, 
surface meteorological observation was continuously conducted.

(3) Methods

There are two different surface meteorological observation systems on the R/V 
MIRAI. One is the MIRAI surface meteorological measurement station (SMET), 
and the other is the Shipboard Oceanographic and Atmospheric Radiation (SOAR) 
system. Instruments of SMET and its data used here are listed in Table 2.2.1. 
All SMET data were collected and processed by KOAC-7800 weather data 
processor manufactured by Koshin Denki, Japan. Note that although SMET 
contains rain gauge, anemometer and radiometers in their system, we adopted 
those data from not SMET but SOAR due to the following reasons; 1) Since SMET 
rain gauge is located near the base of the mast, the location possibly affect 
on the accuracy of the capture rate of the gauge, 2) SOAR's anemometer has 
better starting threshold wind speed (1 m/sec) comparing to SMET's anemometer 
(2 m/sec), and 3) SMET's radiometers record data with 10 W/m2 unit, while 
SOAR records 1 W/m2 unit. 

SOAR system was designed and constructed by the Brookhaven National 
Laboratory (BNL), USA, for an accurate measurement of solar radiation on the 
ship. Details of SOAR can be found at http://www.gim.bnl.gov/soar/. SOAR 
consists of 1) Portable Radiation Package (PRP) that measures short and long 
wave downwelling radiation, 2) Zeno meteorological system that measures 
pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed/direction, and 
rainfall, and 3) Scientific Computer System (SCS) developed by the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA, for data collection, 
management, real-time monitoring, and so on. Information on sensors used here 
is listed in Table 2.2.2.


TABLE 2.2.1. Instruments and locations of SMET.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Sensor          Parameter           Manufacturer/type            Location/height from sea level
 --------------  ------------------  ---------------------------  ------------------------------
 Thermometer*^1  air temperature     Vaisala, Finland/HMP45A      compass deck*^2/21 m
                 relative humidity
 Thermometer     sea temperature     Koshin Denki, Japan/RFN1-0   4th deck/-5 m
 Barometer       pressure            Setra Systems Inc., USA/370  captain deck / 13 m
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
 *1 Gill aspirated radiation shield 43408 made by R. M. Young, USA is attached.
 *2 There are two thermometers at starboard and port sides.


TABLE 2.2.2. Instruments and locations of SOAR.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Sensor      Parameter              Manufacturer/type       Location/height from sea level
 ----------  ---------------------  ----------------------  ------------------------------
 Anemometer  wind speed/direction   R. M. Young, USA/05106  foremast/25 m
 Rain gauge  rainfall accumulation  R. M. Young, USA/50202  foremast/24 m
 Radiometer  short wave radiation   Eppley, USA/PSP         foremast/25 m
             long wave radiation    Eppley, USA/PIR         foremast/25 m
____________________________________________________________________________________________


(4) Data processing and data format

All raw data were recorded every 6 seconds. Datasets produced here are 1-
minute mean values (time stamp at the beginning of the average). They are 
simple mean of 8 samples (10 samples minus maximum/minimum values) to exclude 
singular values. Liner interpolation onto missing values was applied only 
when their interval was less than 5 minutes.

Since the thermometers are equipped on both starboard/port sides on the deck, 
we used air temperature/relative humidity data taken at upwind side. Dew 
point temperature was produced from relative humidity and air temperature 
data.

No adjustment to sea level values is applied except pressure data.

Data are stored as ASCII format and contains following parameters. Time in 
UTC expressed as YYYYMMDDHHMM, time in Julian day (1.0000 = January 1, 
0000Z), longitude (°E), latitude (°N), pressure (hPa), air temperature (°C), 
dew point temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), sea surface temperature 
(°C), zonal wind component (m/sec), meridional wind component (m/sec), 
precipitation (mm/hr), downwelling shortwave radiation (W/m2), and 
downwelling longwave radiation (W/m2).

Missing values are expressed as "9999".

(5) Data Quality

To ensure the data quality, each sensor was calibrated as follows. Since 
there is a possibility for fine time resolution data sets to have some 
noises caused (generated) by turbulence, it is recommended to filter them 
out (ex. hourly mean) from this 1-minute mean data sets depending on the 
scientific purpose.

T/RH sensor:

    Temperature and humidity probes were calibrated before/after the cruise 
    by the manufacturer. Certificated accuracy of T/RH sensors are better 
    than ± 0.2°C and ± 2%, respectively. 

    We also checked T/RH values using another calibrated portable T/RH sensor 
    (Vaisala, HMP45A) before and after the cruise. The results are, 
    
    Temperature (°C) 
        Mean difference between T (SMET) and T (portable) is 0.0±0.6 (°C) at 
        port side, -0.3±0.3 (°C) at starboard side.
    
     Relative Humidity (%)
         Mean difference between RH (SMET) and RH (portable) is 2±2 (%) at 
         port side, 3±1 (%) at starboard side.

Pressure sensor:
    Using calibrated portable barometer (Vaisala, Finland / PTB220, 
    certificated accuracy is better than ± 0.1 hPa), pressure sensor was 
    checked before/after the cruise. Mean difference of SMET pressure 
    sensor and portable sensor is -0.1±0.3 hPa.

Anemometer:
    Using digital tester (Hioki, Japan / 3805), pre-cruise calibration 
    was conducted by the GODI.
    Pre-cruise calibration date:    Sep. 7, 2005
    Starting threshold wind speed:  0.9 m/sec for clockwise 0.9 m/sec for 
                                    counter-clockwise
    Wind direction check:           better than ± 2°
        Set value       6  36  64  96  126  156  185  215  244  275  306  336
        Measured value  6  30  68  97  127  156  186  216  245  275  306  337
        Difference      0  0   -4  -1   -1    0   -1   -1   -1    0    0   -1

Precipitation:
    Before the cruise, we put water into the rain gauge to check their 
    linearity between the indicated values and the water amount input. 
    Expected accuracy is better than ±1 mm corresponding to the sensor's 
    specification.

The results are as follows, and data were corrected using this relationship.

           ______________________________________________________

                                             Leg.1  Leg.2  Leg.3
            -------------------------------  -----  -----  -----
            minimum input water volume (cc)    0.0    0.0    0.0
            minimum measured value (mm)        0.9    2.1    0.7
            maximum input water volume (cc)  509.8  514.3  510.3
            maximum measured value (mm)       51.6   52.7   51.5
           ______________________________________________________

Radiation sensors:
    Short wave and long wave radiometers were calibrated by the manufacturer, 
    Remote Measurement and Research Company, USA, prior to the cruise.

(6) Data periods

Leg.1  1200 UTC, October 31, 2005 - 1830 UTC, November 24, 2005
       * SST data is available from 0000 UTC, November 2, 2005.
Leg.2  1900 UTC, November 27, 2005 - 0000 UTC, January 17, 2006
       * SST data is available between 0400 UTC, November 29, 2005 - 0500 
         UTC, January 15, 2006
Leg.3  2350 UTC, January 19, 2006 - 2300 UTC, January 29, 2006
       * SST is available until 0000 UTC, January 28, 2006.

(7) Point of contact

Kunio Yoneyama (yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp)
IORGC / JAMSTEC, 2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 


2.3 THERMO-SALINOGRAPH AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS
    May 2, 2007

(1) Personnel

Yuichiro Kumamoto  (JAMSTEC)
Takeshi Kawano     (JAMSTEC)
Takuhei Shiozaki   (MWJ)
Keisuke Wataki     (MWJ)
Kimiko Nishijima   (MWJ)
Takayoshi Seike    (MWJ)
Osamu Yoshida      (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

(2) Objective

Our purpose is to measure salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, 
fluorescence, and particle size and number in near-sea surface water during 
MR05-05 cruise.

(3) Methods

The Continuous Sea Surface Water Monitoring System (Nippon Kaiyo Co. Ltd.), 
including the thermosalinograph, has six kinds of sensors and can 
automatically measure salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence 
and particle size and number in near-sea surface water every one minute. This 
system is located in the sea surface monitoring laboratory on R/V MIRAI and 
connected to shipboard LAN system. Measured data, time, and location of the 
ship were displayed on a monitor and then stored in a data management PC (IBM 
NetVista 6826-CBJ).

Near-surface water was continuously pumped from a depth of about 4 m to the 
laboratory and flowed into the system through a vinyl-chloride pipe. The flow 
rate of the surface seawater was controlled by several valves and adjusted to 
12 L/min. except for a fluorometer (about 0.3 L/min.). The flow rate was 
measured by two flow meters.

During this cruise, the data management PC had a trouble in data acquisition 
of dissolved oxygen and particle counting and sizing. Thus, we connected 
another computer (IBM ThinkPad T41) to the system for those data storage.

Specifications of the each sensor in this system are listed below.

a) Temperature and salinity sensors*
   SEACAT THERMOSALINOGRAPH
   Model:             SBE-21, SEA-BIRD ELECTRONICS, INC.
   Serial number:     2118859-3126
   Measurement range: Temperature -5 to +35°C, Salinity 0 to 6.5 S m-1
   Accuracy:          Temperature 0.01°C 6month-1, Salinity 0.001 S m-1 
                      month-1
   Resolution:        Temperatures 0.001°C, Salinity0.0001 S m-1

b) Bottom of ship thermometer
   Model:             SBE 3S, SEA-BIRD ELECTRONICS, INC.
   Serial number:     032607
   Measurement range: -5 to +35°C
   Resolution:        ±0.001°C
   Stability:         0.002°C year-1

c) Dissolved oxygen sensor
   Model:             2127A, HACH ULTRA ANALYTICS JAPAN, INC.
   Serial number:     47477
   Measurement range: 0 to 14 ppm
   Accuracy:          ±1% at 5°C of correction range
   Stability:         1% month-1

d) Fluorometer
   Model: 10-AU-005, TURNER DESIGNS
   Serial number: 5562 FRXX
   Detection limit: 5 ppt or less for chlorophyll a
   Stability: 0.5% month-1 of full scale

e) Particle Size sensor
   Model: P-05, Nippon Kaiyo LTD.
   Serial number: P5024
   Measurement range: 0.2681 mm to 6.666 mm
   Accuracy: ±10% of range
   Reproducibility: ±5%
   Stability: 5% week-1

f) Flow meter
   Model:             EMARG2W, Aichi Watch Electronics LTD.
   Serial number:     8672
   Measurement range: 0 to 30 l min-1
   Accuracy:          ±1%
   Stability:         ±1% day-1

* During the past cruises, an antifoulant (antibiotic) device including 
TBTO (tributyltin oxide) was attached to the salinity sensor to control 
growth of aquatic organisms in electronic conductivity sensors. TBTO is 
an endocrine disrupting chemical and restricted its use in the 
environments by Japanese law. Consequently, we did not use the 
antifoulant device during this cruise. After Leg.2, we found biogenic 
stains on both temperature and salinity sensors that had not been found 
at the end of Leg.1 cruise (Photo 2.3.1). Although effectiveness of the 
antibiotic device is uncertain, the biogenic stains found on the sensors 
suggest that the device should have been attached to the sensors for 
longer than one month during the cruises.

(4) Measurements

Periods of measurement, maintenance, and problems during MR05-05 are 
listed in Table 2.3.1.


TABLE 2.3.1. Events list of the thermo-salinograph.

_______________________________________________________________________________

 Date [UTC]  Time [UTC]     Event                                  Remarks
 ----------  -------------  -------------------------------------  -----------
 31-Oct-05   18:13          All measurements started.              Leg.1 start
 11-Nov-05   02:45 ~ 03:46  The fluorescence measurement stopped 
                            for cell cleaning.
 23-Nov-05   22:57          All measurements stopped.              Leg.1 end
 29-Nov-05   06:53          All measurements started.              Leg.2 start
 14-Dec-05   20:23 ~ 21:50  The fluorescence measurement stopped 
                            for cell cleaning.
 15-Jan-06   05:12          All measurements stopped.              Leg.2 end
 20-Jan-06   04:32          All measurements started.              Leg.3 start
 25-Jan-06   05:48 ~ 07:14  Failure of data storage for T, S, 
                            Flu, location due to the PC troubles.
 26-Jan-06   07:58 ~ 09:04  Failure of data storage for T, S, Flu, 
             09:13 ~ 09:39  location due to the PC troubles.
 26-Jan-06   09:13 ~ 09:28  Failure of data storage for oxygen and 
                            particle size due to the PC troubles.
 27-Jan-06   23:27          All measurements stopped. Leg.3 end
_______________________________________________________________________________


(5) Calibrations
 
i. Comparison with bottle data

We collected the surface seawater samples approximately twice a day from the 
outlet equipped in the middle of water line of the system for salinity sensor 
calibration. 250 ml brown grass bottle with plastic inner stopper and screw 
cap was used to collect the samples. The sample bottles were stored in the 
sea surface monitoring laboratory. The samples were measured using the 
Guildline 8400B at the end of each leg after allmeasurements of hydrocast 
bottle samples. The measurement technique was almost same as that for bottle 
salinity measurement. The results are shown in Table 2.3.2 and JAMSTEC MIRAI 
DATA web;

http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg1/EPCS/MR0505_leg1_cor_info_eng.html,
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg2/EPCS/MR0505_leg2_cor_info_eng.html,
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg3/EPCS/MR0505_leg3_cor_info_eng.html.

In order to calibrate the fluorescence sensor, Tokyo Institute of Technology 
group collected the surface seawater at the noon and about 4 hours after the 
sunset for measuring chlorophyll-a. 500 ml of the seawater sample was gently 
filtrated by low vacuum pressure (<15 cmHg) through Whatman GF/F filter 
(diameter 25 mm) in a dark room. The filter was immediately transferred into 
7 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and then the bottle of DMF was stored at 
-20°C under dark condition to extract chlorophyll-a for more than 24 hours. 
Concentrations of chlorophyll-a were measured by a fluorometer (10-AU-005, 
TURNER DESIGNS) that was previously calibrated against a pure chlorophyll-a 
(Sigma chemical Co.). We carried out "Non-acidification method " 
(Welschmeyer, 1994) for chlorophyll-a measurements. The results of the 
measurements are shown in Table 2.3.3.

Sensors for dissolved oxygen and particle size were not calibrated against 
bottle data.

ii. Sensor calibrations

The sensors for temperature and salinity were calibrated before and after the 
cruise in order to evaluated the measurement drifts during the cruise. The 
results of the calibrations are available through JAMSTEC MIRAI DATA Web as 
above.

2.3.6 Date archive

Quality controlled data of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen can be 
downloaded from JAMSTEC MIRAI DATA Web;
  http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05- 05_leg1/EPCS/MR0505_1_qced_data.html,
  http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-05_leg2/EPCS/MR0505_2_qced_data.html,
  http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-05_leg3/EPCS/MR0505_3_qced_data.html.
  Data of fluorescence and particle size and number are also available 
  through the web page.

TABLE 2.3.2. Comparison of the sensor salinity and the bottle salinity. 

____________________________________________________________________________

 Date [UTC]  Time [UTC]  Sensor salinity  Bottle salinity  Quality Flag for
                            [PSS-78]         [PSS-78]      bottle salinity
 ----------  ---------  ----------------  ---------------  ----------------
  2-Nov-05     6:50         33.5700           33.5695             2 
  3-Nov-05     8:22         33.1737           33.1713             2 
  4-Nov-05     6:13         33.6508           33.6571             3 
  5-Nov-05     5:17         34.2141           34.2115             2 
  6-Nov-05     8:26         34.5818           34.5795             2 
  7-Nov-05     8:00         34.8829           34.8789             2 
  8-Nov-05     7:46         35.0396           35.0376             2 
  9-Nov-05     5:59         35.2435           35.2407             2 
 10-Nov-05     7:10         35.1329           35.1297             2 
 11-Nov-05     2:40         35.1480           35.1459             2 
 12-Nov-05     8:16         35.1758           35.1731             2 
 13-Nov-05     8:21         35.2669           35.2644             2 
 14-Nov-05    10:58         35.3217           35.3188             2 
 15-Nov-05     8:14         35.3293           35.3255             2 
 16-Nov-05     8:27         35.0564           35.0519             2 
 17-Nov-05     7:00         35.2159           35.2122             2 
 18-Nov-05    10:12         35.3360           35.3320             2 
 18-Nov-05    22:25         35.3442           35.3403             2 
 19-Nov-05     8:52         35.3532           35.3484             2 
 19-Nov-05    21:20         35.3188           35.3158             2 
 20-Nov-05    11:25         35.3493           35.3466             2 
 20-Nov-05    23:29         35.3597           35.3548             2 
 21-Nov-05    12:05         35.1876           35.1860             2 
 21-Nov-05    18:09         35.2402           35.2369             2 
 29-Nov-05    20:08         35.2438           35.2462             2 
 29-Nov-05    23:17         35.1937           35.1943             2 
 30-Nov-05    15:46         35.2185           35.2217             2 
  1-Dec-05     1:25         35.2297           35.2325             2 
  1-Dec-05    14:25         35.2561           35.2590             2 
  2-Dec-05     8:07         35.2581           35.2605             2 
  2-Dec-05    13:21         35.2560           35.2573             2 
  3-Dec-05     0:41         35.1905           35.1972             2 
  3-Dec-05    15:12         35.1715           35.1738             2 
  4-Dec-05     0:44         35.2197           35.2220             2 
  4-Dec-05    13:59         35.2867           35.2874             2 
  5-Dec-05     0:47         35.3573           35.3594             2 
  5-Dec-05    13:36         35.2448           35.2460             2 
  6-Dec-05     1:25         35.2640           35.2658             2 
  6-Dec-05    13:33         35.2607           35.2663             2 
  7-Dec-05     1:00         35.2957           35.2981             2 
  7-Dec-05    13:28         35.3609           35.3635             2 
  8-Dec-05     1:00         35.3706           35.3732             2 
  9-Dec-05     1:38         35.3573           35.3590             2 
  9-Dec-05     9:02         35.3492           35.3494             2 
  9-Dec-05    14:28         35.3398           35.3414             2 
 10-Dec-05     1:56         35.3514           35.3536             2 
 10-Dec-05    14:25         35.2974           35.2998             2 
 11-Dec-05     2:10         35.2485           35.2508             2 
 11-Dec-05    14:30         35.2312           35.2333             2 
 12-Dec-05     2:18         35.2767           35.2751             2 
 12-Dec-05    19:46         34.9113           34.9100             2 
 13-Dec-05     5:32         34.8525           34.8533             2 
 13-Dec-05    20:55         34.8668           34.8662             2 
 14-Dec-05     9:51         34.8070           34.8062             2 
 14-Dec-05    21:32         34.8108           34.8095             2 
 15-Dec-05    13:57         34.7460           34.7482             2 
 15-Dec-05    20:08         34.7251           34.7255             2 
 16-Dec-05    13:48         34.7450           34.7477             2 
 16-Dec-05    18:51         34.7879           34.7876             2 
 17-Dec-05     1:58         34.7641           34.7631             2 
____________________________________________________________________________


TABLE 2.3.2. (continued) 
____________________________________________________________________________

 Date [UTC]  Time [UTC]  Sensor salinity  Bottle salinity  Quality Flag for
                            [PSS-78]         [PSS-78]      bottle salinity
 ----------  ---------  ----------------  ---------------  ----------------
 17-Dec-05     14:40        34.7886           34.7886             2 
 18-Dec-05     11:02        34.7928           34.7894             2 
 18-Dec-05     14:27        34.8002           34.8000             2 
 19-Dec-05      8:39        34.8347           34.8312             2 
 19-Dec-05     21:15        35.0004           35.0000             2 
 20-Dec-05      2:25        34.9669           34.9672             2 
 21-Dec-05     10:24        35.2600           35.2600             2 
 21-Dec-05     15:05        35.3098           35.3092             2 
 22-Dec-05     10:32        35.2453           35.2428             2 
 22-Dec-05     15:32        35.1821           35.1809             2 
 23-Dec-05      5:49        35.2539           35.2529             2 
 23-Dec-05     15:20        35.2687           35.2681             2 
 24-Dec-05      4:17        35.1506           35.1516             2 
 24-Dec-05     15:21        35.1108           35.1093             2 
 25-Dec-05      3:02        35.1697           35.1665             2 
 25-Dec-05     15:17        35.0202           35.0187             2 
 26-Dec-05      3:56        34.9861           34.9841             2 
 26-Dec-05     15:30        35.0344           35.0326             2 
 27-Dec-05      3:16        35.1956           35.1938             2 
 27-Dec-05     15:19        35.0220           35.0204             2 
 28-Dec-05      3:23        35.0168           35.0160             2 
 28-Dec-05     15:25        35.1121           35.1052             2 
 29-Dec-05      3:17        35.1368           35.1358             2 
 29-Dec-05     15:40        34.8900           34.8895             2 
 30-Dec-05      4:15        34.9790           34.9782             2 
 30-Dec-05     15:31        35.0010           35.0015             2 
 31-Dec-05      4:26        34.9686           34.9685             2 
 01-Jan-06      5:45        34.9579           34.9565             2 
 01-Jan-06     15:39        34.9594           34.9580             2 
 02-Jan-06      6:23        34.9835           34.9818             2 
 02-Jan-06     15:29        34.9401           34.9392             2 
 02-Jan-06     17:25        34.9542           34.9542             2 
 03-Jan-06     13:12        34.8194           34.8195             2 
 03-Jan-06     17:53        34.8762           34.8715             2 
 04-Jan-06      5:14        34.7966           34.7961             2 
 04-Jan-06     17:30        34.8093           34.8091             2 
 05-Jan-06      6:43        34.8998           34.8989             2 
 05-Jan-06     17:38        34.9090           34.9085             2 
 06-Jan-06      6:47        34.8450           34.8434             2 
 06-Jan-06     17:51        34.8190           34.8180             2 
 07-Jan-06      7:59        34.8109           34.8101             2 
 07-Jan-06     17:42        34.6597           34.6584             2 
 08-Jan-06      8:01        34.7983           34.7971             2 
 08-Jan-06     18:20        34.6684           34.6674             2 
 09-Jan-06     20:46        34.7581           34.7569             2 
 10-Jan-06     13:37        34.7615           34.7667             2 
 10-Jan-06     17:45        34.6906           34.6897             2 
 11-Jan-06      6:11        34.8660           34.8650             2 
 11-Jan-06     17:47        34.7070           34.7076             2 
 12-Jan-06      8:57        34.7660           34.7654             2 
 12-Jan-06     17:34        34.7228           34.7217             2 
 13-Jan-06      6:46        34.7033           34.7006             2 
 13-Jan-06     17:37        34.7052           34.7038             2 
 14-Jan-06      7:31        34.6351           34.6353             2 
 14-Jan-06     17:44        34.6562           34.6549             2 
 20-Jan-06      5:50        34.7968           34.7928             2 
 20-Jan-06     18:35        34.6766           34.6693             2 
 21-Jan-06      5:36        34.6326           34.6265             2 
 21-Jan-06     17:57        34.5974           34.5979             2 
 22-Jan-06      5:46        34.5873           34.5817             2 
 22-Jan-06     17:20        34.6853           34.6788             2 
 23-Jan-06      5:42        34.7726           34.7714             2 
 23-Jan-06     18:06        34.6577           34.6525             2 
 24-Jan-06      5:44        34.6295           34.6273             2 
 24-Jan-06     18:07        34.6144           34.6033             2 
 25-Jan-06      5:46        34.5806           34.5724             2 
 25-Jan-06     17:52        34.5397           34.5399             2 
 26-Jan-06      5:41        34.5224           34.5162             2 
 26-Jan-06     18:14        34.2362           34.2482             2 
____________________________________________________________________________


TABLE 2.3.3. Comparison of sensor fluorescence and bottle chlorophyll-a.
             
             _________________________________________________

                Date      Time       Sensor     Chlorophyll-a
                [UTC]     [UTC]   Fluorescence     (μg/L) 
              ----------  -----   ------------  -------------
               1-Nov-05    6:20      15.791         0.37 
               1-Nov-05   20:00      15.266         0.44 
               2-Nov-05    6:03      16.915         0.30 
               2-Nov-05   20:29      14.017         0.17 
               3-Nov-05    6:02      14.768         0.13 
               3-Nov-05   20:13      13.192         0.12 
               4-Nov-05    6:13      13.394         0.08 
               4-Nov-05   20:05      12.899         0.08 
               5-Nov-05    6:00      12.971         0.08 
               5-Nov-05   20:08      12.469         0.10 
               6-Nov-05    6:11      13.063         0.09 
               6-Nov-05   20:08      12.755         0.12 
               7-Nov-05    6:03      13.085         0.10 
               7-Nov-05   20:59      12.587         0.08 
               8-Nov-05    7:05      12.750         0.10 
               8-Nov-05   21:15      12.280         0.12 
               9-Nov-05    7:10      12.815         0.12 
               9-Nov-05   23:34      12.659         0.15 
              10-Nov-05    7:19      12.784         0.13 
              10-Nov-05   21:08      12.427         0.12 
              11-Nov-05    7:19      13.846         0.12 
              11-Nov-05   22:10      12.609         0.12 
              12-Nov-05    8:10      13.467         0.13 
              12-Nov-05   22:08      12.914         0.11 
              13-Nov-05    8:33      13.169         0.10 
              13-Nov-05   22:10      12.733         0.11 
              14-Nov-05    8:12      13.103         0.10 
              14-Nov-05   22:00      12.639         0.12 
              15-Nov-05    8:12      12.977         0.11 
              15-Nov-05   22:03      12.357         0.08 
              16-Nov-05    9:22      12.768         0.09 
              16-Nov-05   22:00      12.361         0.09 
              17-Nov-05    8:07      12.623         0.11 
              17-Nov-05   22:35      12.353         0.11 
              18-Nov-05    8:25      12.652         0.12 
              18-Nov-05   22:15      12.260         0.11 
              19-Nov-05    8:52      12.803         0.08 
              19-Nov-05   22:10      12.305         0.08 
              20-Nov-05    8:06      12.589         0.08 
              20-Nov-05   22:15      12.542         0.09 
              21-Nov-05    8:10      13.062         0.12 
              21-Nov-05   22:15      12.828         0.13 
              21-Nov-05   22:15      12.828         0.13 
              22-Nov-05    8:11      13.125         0.16 
              22-Nov-05   22:10      13.035         0.15 
              22-Nov-05   22:10      13.035         0.18 
              29-Nov-05   23:27      13.936         0.14 
              30-Nov-05    9:00      13.722         0.14 
              30-Nov-05    9:00      13.722         0.15 
              30-Nov-05   23:22      12.934         0.13 
              30-Nov-05   23:22      12.934         0.13 
              01-Dec-05    9:01      13.479         0.12 
              02-Dec-05    1:45      13.153         0.13 
              02-Dec-05   10:08      13.229         0.08 
              02-Dec-05   10:08      13.229         0.08 
              02-Dec-05   23:50      12.193         0.10 
              02-Dec-05   23:50      12.193         0.10 
              03-Dec-05    9:01      12.679         0.08 
              03-Dec-05   23:29      12.356         0.14 
              04-Dec-05    9:00      12.600         0.12 
              04-Dec-05    9:00      12.600         0.12 
              04-Dec-05   23:28      11.957         0.10 
              04-Dec-05   23:28      11.957         0.10 
              05-Dec-05    9:39      12.214         0.10 
              06-Dec-05    2:01      11.869         0.09 
              06-Dec-05    8:56      11.974         0.08 
              06-Dec-05    8:56      11.974         0.08 
              07-Dec-05    0:22      11.713         0.09 
              07-Dec-05    0:22      11.713         0.09 
              07-Dec-05    9:01      11.932         0.07 
              07-Dec-05   23:41      11.669         0.08 
              08-Dec-05    8:47      11.884         0.07 
              08-Dec-05    8:47      11.884         0.07 
              09-Dec-05    1:05      11.760         0.08 
              09-Dec-05    1:05      11.760         0.08 
              09-Dec-05   10:07      12.234         0.08 
              10-Dec-05    0:59      11.767         0.12 
              10-Dec-05   10:05      12.198         0.08 
              10-Dec-05   10:05      12.198         0.08 
              11-Dec-05    1:18      11.926         0.08 
              11-Dec-05    1:18      11.926         0.08 
              11-Dec-05   10:09      12.172         0.07 
              21-Dec-05    2:21      11.858         0.09 
              21-Dec-05   12:12      12.124         0.09 
              21-Dec-05   12:12      12.124         0.08 
              22-Dec-05    1:38      12.132         0.08 
              22-Dec-05    1:38      12.132         0.08 
              22-Dec-05   11:58      12.556         0.10 
              23-Dec-05    1:38      12.560         0.11 
              23-Dec-05   12:20      12.649         0.10 
              23-Dec-05   12:20      12.649         0.10 
              24-Dec-05    1:31      13.030         0.09 
              24-Dec-05    1:31      13.030         0.09 
              24-Dec-05   12:39      13.108         0.10 
              25-Dec-05    2:08      13.015         0.09 
              25-Dec-05   11:17      13.893         0.09 
              26-Dec-05    1:23      13.137         0.12 
              26-Dec-05    1:23      13.137         0.12 
              26-Dec-05   10:35      13.459         0.12 
              27-Dec-05    1:34      13.209         0.14 
              27-Dec-05   11:51      13.308         0.11 
              27-Dec-05   11:51      13.308         0.12 
              28-Dec-05    1:42      13.408         0.11 
              28-Dec-05    1:42      13.408         0.11 
              28-Dec-05   10:53      14.309         0.13 
              29-Dec-05    1:47      13.215         0.13 
              29-Dec-05   11:08      13.639         0.10 
              29-Dec-05   11:08      13.639         0.09 
              30-Dec-05    1:35      13.246         0.14 
              30-Dec-05    1:35      13.246         0.13 
              30-Dec-05   11:12      14.087         0.13 
              31-Dec-05    1:42      12.956         0.13 
              31-Dec-05   10:57      13.773         0.15 
              31-Dec-05   10:57      13.773         0.15 
              02-Jan-06    2:44      12.987         0.15 
              02-Jan-06    2:44      12.987         0.15 
              02-Jan-06   13:07      13.275         0.13 
              03-Jan-06    3:29      12.960         0.10 
              03-Jan-06   13:46      13.116         0.10 
              03-Jan-06   13:46      13.116         0.10 
              04-Jan-06    3:20      13.127         0.12 
              04-Jan-06    3:20      13.127         0.12 
              04-Jan-06   12:22      13.009         0.12 
              05-Jan-06    3:37      13.136         0.10 
              05-Jan-06   14:03      13.950         0.13 
              05-Jan-06   14:03      13.950         0.13 
              06-Jan-06    3:40      13.146         0.22 
              06-Jan-06   12:25      14.240         0.25 
              07-Jan-06    3:40      13.948         0.25 
              07-Jan-06   12:30      14.208         0.27 
              07-Jan-06   12:30      14.208         0.26 
              08-Jan-06    3:40      13.427         0.27 
              08-Jan-06    3:40      13.427         0.27 
              08-Jan-06   13:02      13.625         0.25 
              10-Jan-06   13:10      13.954         0.25 
              11-Jan-06    3:40      13.387         0.23 
              11-Jan-06    3:40      13.387         0.23 
              11-Jan-06   13:34      14.446         0.45 
              11-Jan-06   13:34      14.446         0.44 
              12-Jan-06    3:20      15.650         0.74 
              12-Jan-06   14:34      15.012         0.48 
              12-Jan-06   14:34      15.012         0.49 
              13-Jan-06    3:18      14.052         0.54 
              13-Jan-06    3:18      14.052         0.55 
              13-Jan-06   13:22      14.403         0.35 
              14-Jan-06    3:43      14.164         0.44 
              14-Jan-06   13:53      14.134         0.36 
              14-Jan-06   13:53      14.134         0.37 
              15-Jan-06    3:40      13.333         0.24 
              15-Jan-06    3:40      13.333         0.25 
              20-Jan-06   13:27      15.864         0.18 
              20-Jan-06   13:27      15.864         0.18 
              21-Jan-06    4:56      19.848         1.57 
              21-Jan-06    4:56      19.848         1.62 
              21-Jan-06   13:10      21.013         2.40 
              22-Jan-06    3:47      19.055         1.54 
              22-Jan-06   13:18      18.849         0.49 
              22-Jan-06   13:18      18.849         0.48 
              23-Jan-06    2:43      14.727         0.33 
              23-Jan-06    2:43      14.727         0.32 
              23-Jan-06   12:34      16.606         0.47 
              24-Jan-06    3:42      16.021         0.63 
              24-Jan-06   12:36      19.706         0.83 
              24-Jan-06   12:36      19.706         0.88 
              25-Jan-06    3:45      20.538         2.20 
              25-Jan-06    3:45      20.538         2.16 
              25-Jan-06   13:22      25.410         3.02 
              26-Jan-06    6:17      21.289         1.34 
              26-Jan-06   14:03      23.116         0.56 
              26-Jan-06   14:03      23.116         0.55 
             _________________________________________________
 
 
2.4 UNDERWAY pCO2
    July 4, 2007

(1) Personnel

Akihiko Murata   (JAMSTEC)
Fuyuki Shibata   (MWJ)
Mikio Kitada     (MWJ)
Minoru Kamata    (MWJ)
Taeko Ohama      (MWJ)
Yoshiko Ishikawa (MWJ)

(2) Introduction

Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 
1.5 ppmv y-1 due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, 
deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate 
as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the 
increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 
absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on 
the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 
1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human 
activities. 

In the P3 revist cruise, we aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 is 
absorbed in the surface ocean of the North Pacific. For the purpose, we 
measured pCO2 (partial pressures of CO2) in the atmosphere and in the surface 
seawater.

(3) Apparatus and shipboard measurement
 
Continuous underway measurements of atmospheric and surface seawater pCO2 
were made with the CO2 measuring system (Nippon ANS, Ltd) installed in the 
R/V MIRAI of JAMSTEC. The system comprises of a nondispersive infrared gas 
analyzer (NDIR; BINOS® model 4.1, Fisher-Rosemount), an air-circulation 
module and a showerhead-type equilibrator. To measure concentrations (mole 
fraction) of CO2 in dry air (xCO2a), air sampled from the bow of the ship 
(approx. 30 m above the sea level) was introduced into the NDIR through a 
dehydrating route with an electric dehumidifier (kept at ~2°C), a Perma Pure 
dryer (GL Sciences Inc.), and a chemical desiccant (Mg(ClO4)2). The flow rate 
of the air was 500 ml min-1. To measure surface seawater concentrations of 
CO2 in dry air (xCO2s), the air equilibrated with seawater within the 
equilibrator was introduced into the NDIR through the same flow route as the 
dehydrated air used in measuring xCO2a. The flow rate of the equilibrated air 
was 600 - 800 ml min-1. The seawater was taken by a pump from the intake 
placed at the approximately 4.5 m below the sea surface. The flow rate of 
seawater in the equilibrator was 500 - 800 ml min-1.

The CO2 measuring system was set to repeat the measurement cycle such as 4 
kinds of CO2 standard gases (Table 2.4.1), xCO2a (twice), xCO2s (7 times). 
This measuring system was run automatically throughout the cruise by a PC 
control.

(4) Quality control

Concentrations of CO2 of the standard gases are listed in Table 2.4.1, which 
were calibrated by JAMSTEC primary standard gases. The CO2 concentrations of 
the primary standard gases were calibrated by C.D. Keeling of the Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Since differences in concentrations of the standard gases between before and 
after the cruise were acceptable (< 0.1 ppmv), the averaged concentrations 
(Table 2.4.1) were adopted for the subsequent calculations.

In actual shipboard observations, the signals of NDIR usually reveal trends. 
The trends were adjusted linearly using the signals of the standard gases 
analyzed before and after the sample measurements.

Effects of water temperature increased between the inlet of surface seawater 
and the equilibrator on xCO2s were adjusted based on Gordon and Jones (1973), 
although the temperature increases were slight, being ~0.3°C.

We checked values of xCO2a and xCO2s by examining the signals of the NDIR on 
recorder charts, and by plotting the xCO2a and xCO2s as a function of 
sequential day, longitude, sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity.


REFERENCE

Gordon, L. I. and L. B. Jones (1973) The effect of temperature on carbon 
    dioxide partial pressure in seawater. Mar. Chem ., 1, 317-322.


TABLE 2.4.1. Concentrations of CO2 standard gases used in the P3 revisit 
             cruise.
                         ______________________________

                                        Concentrations 
                          Cylinder no.      (ppmv)
                          ------------  --------------
                            CQB17639        262.94
                            CQB17638        320.42
                            CQB17637        381.04
                            CQB17636        420.76
                         ______________________________
 
 
 
2.5 ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER
    September 3, 2007

(1) Personnel

Shinya Kouketsu    (JAMSTEC)
Yasushi Yoshikawa  (JAMSTEC)
Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI)
Shinya Okumura     (GODI)
Katsuhisa Maeno    (GODI)
Norio Nagahama     (GODI)

(2) Instrument and method

The instrument used was an RDI 76.8 kHz unit, hull-mounted on the centerline 
and approximately 23 m aft of the bow at the water line. The firmware version 
was 5.59 and the data acquisition software was RDI VMDAS Version. 1.4. 
Operation was made from the first CTD station to the last CTD station. The 
instrument was used in water-tracking mode during the most of operations, 
recording each ping raw data in 8 m x 90 bin from about 23 m to 735 m in 
depth. Typical sampling interval was 3.5 seconds. Bottom track mode was added 
in the northernmost shallow water region. GPS gave navigation data. Two kinds 
of compass data were recorded. One compass was the ship's gyrocompass, which 
is connected the ADCP system directory, and its data were stored with the 
ADCP data. Current field based on the gyrocompass was used to check the 
operation and the performance on board. Another compass used was Inertial 
Navigation Unit (INU), DRU-H, Honeywell Inc. Its accuracy is 1.0 mile (about 
0.056 degree) and had already set on zero bias before the beginning of the 
cruise. The INU compass data were stored independently and combined with the 
ADCP data after the cruise.

(3) Performance and quick view of the ADCP data on board

The performance of the ADCP instrument was almost good throughout the cruise: 
on streaming, profiles usually reached about 600 m (1609038 pings of all 
2656345 pings). Profiles were sometimes rather bad on CTD station. The 
profiles did not reach so far, from 200 m to 500 m and the ADCP signal was 
typically weak at about 350 m in depth. It is probably due to babbles from 
the bow-thruster. 

We processed the ADCP data in this cruise on board as described below. ADCP-
coordinate velocities were converted to the earth-coordinate velocities using 
the ship's heading, roll and pitch data form the INU. The earth-coordinate 
currents were obtained by subtracting ship velocities from the earth-
coordinate velocities. The ship velocities were obtained from the moving 
distances for 5 minites, which were measured by GPS data. The noise of the 
GPS position data was filtered out by 15-sec running mean. The errors of the 
estimated ship velocities are within 10 cm/s. 

After this cruise the parameters of the misalignment and the scale factor 
would be evaluated by using the bottom track data obtained both in this 
cruise and in the engineering test cruise made just before this cruise.

(4) Data Processing

Corrections of the misalignment and the scale factor were made after the 
cruise using the bottom track data. The bottom track data used was obtained 
during the engineering test cruise carried out just before the P3_revisit 
cruise. The misalignment angle calculated was 0.15 degree and the scale 
factor was 0.975. Criteria for the correlation less than 64 and error 
velocity more than 20 mm/s are removed here. Therefore the error is estimated 
t 20 mm/s.

Raw data are filtered using the median filter on every 3 minutes. There are 
about 90 data in one ensemble. Time series of upper 200 m average flow for 
about 3 hours are calculated using the 3 minutes sub set. The continuity of 
the series on streaming between the CTD sites is examined. The standard 
deviation on the CTD sites is 56 mm/s. and that on streaming between the CTD 
sites is 47 mm/s. The qualitites of data on CTD sites and on streaming is not 
so different. The mismatch between the ship velocity obtained from the GPS 
and water column velocity of ADCP was found when the ship was accelerated 
and/or decelerated. To avoid the effect of the acceleration, we process the 
data only when standard deviation of ship velocity for three minutes is less 
than 10 cm/s. In the next step, we averaged the subset at each CTD station. 
Each mean profile is calculated with depth correction using the CTD data. 
Vertical grids are put on every 10 m.

(5) Data Structure

The record structure of the data set A, where file name is 'ADCP_A', is 
described below. The file consists of 239 profiles in the CTD sites. Each 
profile consists of header and data. The header has three lines representing 
analyzed site, date and time, and position. The data has 67 layers in which 
depth, zonal velocity, meridional velocity, and vertical velocity of each 
grid are stored. Unit of depth is in meter. Unit of flow is in m/s. On the 
CTD station, the CTD station name (e.g. '143_1') is recorded as the analyzed 
site in the header. Mean time and position were calculated and recorded using 
the ADCP profiles during the CTD operation was made. The '99.999' in the data 
represents no available data stored.

[data structure of the data set A]

  Line 1: header 1
    Column 1: cruise code
    Column 2: analyzed site

  Line 2: header 2
          date

  Line 3: header 3
    Column 1: longitude (degree E)
    Column 2: latitude (degree N)

  Line 4-70: flow data in each depth level
    Column 1: depth (m)
    Column 2: zonal velocity (m/s)
    Column 3: meridional velocity (m/s)
    Column 4: vertical velocity (m/s)

Flow data processed in every three minutes are stored in the data set B, 
where the file name is 'ADCP_B'. The data structure is the same as that of 
the data set B, except for the analyzed site in the header 1.

[data structure of the data set B: every 3 minutes]

  Line 1: header 1
    Column 1: cruise code
    Column 2: sequatial record number

  Line 2: header 2
          date

  Line 3: header 3
    Column 1: longitude (degree E)
    Column 2: latitude (degree N)

  Line 4-38: flow data in each depth level
    Column 1: depth (m)
    Column 2: zonal velocity (m/s)
    Column 3: meridional velocity (m/s)
    Column 4: vertical velocity (m/s)



3. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS

3.1 CTD/O2 MEASUREMENTS
    May 2, 2007

(1) Personnel

Hiroshi Uchida    (JAMSTEC)
Masao Fukasawa    (JAMSTEC)
Satoshi Ozawa     (MWJ)
Tomoyuki Takamori (MWJ)
Kentaro Oyama     (MWJ)
Hiroki Ushiromura (MWJ)
Hiroyuki Hayashi  (MWJ)
Hirokatsu Uno     (MWJ)
Akinori Murata    (MWJ)
Shinsuke Toyoda   (MWJ)
Hiroshi Matsunaga (MWJ)
Tomohide Noguchi  (MWJ)
Makito Yokota     (MWJ)

(2) Winch arrangements

The CTD package was deployed by using 4.5 Ton Traction Winch System Dynacon, 
Inc., Bryan, Texas, USA), which was installed on the R/V MIRAI in April 2001. 
The CTD Traction Winch System with the Heave Compensation Systems (Dynacon, 
Inc.) is designed to reduce cable stress resulting from load variation caused 
by wave or vessel motion. The system was operated passively by providing a 
nodding boom crane that moves up or down in response to line tension 
variations. Primary system components include a complete CTD Traction Winch 
System with up to 10 km of 9.53 mm armored cable (Ocean Cable and 
Communications Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan), a cable rocker and Electro-
Hydraulic Power Unit, a nodding-boom crane assembly, two hydraulic cylinders 
and two hydraulic oil/nitrogen accumulators mounted within a single frame 
assembly. The system also contains related electronic hardware interface and 
a heave compensation computer control program.

(3) Overview of the equipment

The CTD system, SBE 911plus system (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., Bellevue, 
Washington, USA), is a real time data system with the CTD data transmitted 
from a SBE 9plus underwater unit via a conducting cable to the SBE 11plus 
deck unit. The SBE 11plus deck unit is a rack-mountable interface which 
supplies DC power to underwater unit, decodes serial data stream, formats 
data under microprocessor control, and passes the data to a companion 
computer. The serial data from the underwater unit is sent to the deck unit 
in RS-232 NRZ format using a 34,560 Hz carrier-modulated differential-phase-
shift-keying (DPSK) telemetry link. The deck unit decodes the serial data and 
sends them to a personal computer to display, at the same time, to storage in 
a disk file using SBE SEASOFT software.

The SBE 911plus system acquires data from primary, secondary and auxiliary 
sensors in the form of binary numbers corresponding to the frequency or the 
voltage outputs from those sensors at 24 samples per second. The calculations 
required to convert raw data to engineering units of the parameters are 
performed by the SBE SEASOFT in real-time. The same calculations can be 
carried out after the observation using data stored in a disk file.

The SBE 911plus system controls 36-position SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler. 
The Carousel accepts 12-litre water sample bottles. Bottles are fired through 
the RS-232C modem connector on the back of the SBE 11plus deck unit while 
acquiring real time data. The 12-litre Niskin-X water sample bottle (General 
Oceanics, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA) is equipped externally with two 
stainless steel springs. The external springs are ideal for applications such 
as trace metal analysis because the inside of the sampler is free from 
contaminants from springs.

SBE's temperature (SBE 3) and conductivity (SBE 4) sensor modules were used 
with the SBE 9plus underwater unit fixed by a single clamp and "L" bracket to 
the lower end cap. The conductivity cell entrance is co-planar with the tip 
of the temperature sensor's protective steel sheath. The pressure sensor is 
mounted in the main housing of the underwater unit and is ported to outside 
through the oil-filled plastic capillary tube. A compact, modular unit 
consisting of a centrifugal pump head and a brushless DC ball bearing motor 
contained in an aluminum underwater housing pump (SBE 5T) flushes water 
through sensor tubing at a constant rate independent of the CTD's motion. 
Motor speed and pumping rate (3,000 rpm) remain nearly constant over the 
entire input voltage range of 12-18 volts DC. Flow speed of pumped water in 
standard TC duct is about 2.4 m/s. SBE's dissolved oxygen sensor (SBE 43) was 
placed between the conductivity sensor module and the pump. Auxiliary 
sensors, Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer (SBE 35), altimeter (PSA-916T; 
Teledyne Benthos, Inc., North Falmous, Massachusetts, USA) and oxygen optode 
(Oxygen Optode 3830; Aanderaa Data Instruments AS, Bergen, Norway) were also 
used with the SBE 9plus underwater unit. The SBE 35 position in regard to the 
SBE 3 is shown in Figure 3.1.1.

It is known that the CTD temperature data is influenced by motion (pitching 
and rolling) of the CTD package. In order to reduce the motion of the CTD 
package, a heavy stainless frame (total weight of the CTD package without sea 
water in the bottles is about 1,000 kg) was used and an aluminum plate (54°- 
90 cm) was attached to the frame (Figure 3.1.1).

[Summary of the system used in this cruise]

  Deck unit:
    SBE 11plus, S/N 0344

  Under water unit:
    SBE 9plus, S/N 79511 (Pressure sensor: S/N 0677)

  Temperature sensor:
    SBE 3, S/N 1464 (Leg.1: primary)
    SBE 3plus, S/N 4216 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2, 3: primary)
    SBE 3, S/N 1525 (Leg.2, 3: secondary)

  Conductivity sensor:
    SBE 4, S/N 1203 (Leg.1: primary)
    SBE 4, S/N 2854 (Leg.1: secondary)
    SBE 4, S/N 3124 (Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to 197_1)
    SBE 4, S/N 3036 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 197_1)
    SBE 4, S/N 2854 (Leg.2, 3: primary from X14_1 to TS_1)
    SBE 4, S/N 3116 (Leg.2, 3: secondary from X14_1 to TS_1)

  Oxygen sensor:
    SBE 43, S/N 0391 (Leg.1: primary, Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to WC7)
    SBE 43, S/N 0488 (Leg.1: secondary)
    SBE 43, S/N 0390 (Leg.2, 3: primary from WC8 to TS1)
    SBE 43, S/N 0394 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 283_1, Leg.3: 
                      secondary)
    SBE 43, S/N 0205 (Leg.2: secondary from 285_1 to 351_2)
    Oxygen Optode 3830, S/N 612 (Leg.1, 2, 3: pilot)

  Pump:
    SBE 5T, S/N 3293 (Leg.1: primary)
    SBE 5T, S/N 3118 (Leg.1: secondary)
    SBE 5T, S/N 0984 (Leg.2, 3: primary)
    SBE 5T, S/N 2627 (Leg.2, 3: secondary)

  Altimeter:
    PSA-916T, S/N 1100 (Leg.1)
    PSA-916T, S/N 1157 (Leg.2, 3)

  Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer:
    SBE 35, S/N 0022 (Leg.1, 2)
    SBE 35, S/N 0045 (Leg.3)

  Carousel Water Sampler:
    SBE 32, S/N 0391 (Leg.1, 2, 3)

  Water sample bottle:
    12-litre Niskin-X (no TEFLON coating)

(4) Pre-cruise calibration

(4.1) Pressure

The Paroscientific series 4000 Digiquartz high pressure transducer 
(Paroscientific, Inc., Redmond, Washington, USA) uses a quartz crystal 
resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressure induced stress 
with 0.01 per million of resolution over the absolute pressure range of 0 to 
15,000 psia (0 to 10,332 dbar). Also, a quartz crystal temperature signal is 
used to compensate for a wide range of temperature changes at the time of an 
observation. The pressure sensor (MODEL 415K-187) has a nominal accuracy of 
0.015% FS (1.5 dbar), typical stability of 0.0015% FS/month (0.15 
dbar/month), and resolution of 0.001% FS (0.1 dbar).

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following 
coefficients were used in the SEASOFT:

    S/N 0677, 2 July 2002
      c(1) = -62072.94
      c(2) = -1.176956
      c(3) = 1.954420e-02
      d(1) = 0.027386
      d(2) = 0.0
      t(1) = 30.05031
      t(2) = -4.744833e-04
      t(3) = 3.757590e-06
      t(4) = 3.810700e-09
      t(5) = 0.0

Pressure coefficients are first formulated into
    c    = c(1) + c(2) X U + c(a) X U^2
    d    = d(1) + d(2) X U
    t(0) = t(1) + t(2) X U + t(3) X U^2 + t(4) X U^3 + t(5) X U^

where U is temperature in degrees Celsius. The pressure temperature, U, is 
determined according to 

    U(°C) = M X (12 bit pressure temperature compensation word) - B

The following coefficients were used in SEASOFT:
    S/N 0677
      M = 0.0128041
      B = -9.324136
      (in the underwater unit system configuration 
       sheet dated on 22 February 2002)

Finally, pressure is computed as

    P(psi) = c X [1 - (t(0)^2/t^2)] X {1 - d °- [1 - (t(0)^2/t^2)]}

where t is pressure period (μsec). Since the pressure sensor measures the 
absolute value, it inherently includes atmospheric pressure (about 14.7 psi). 
SEASOFT subtracts 14.7 psi from computed pressure above automatically. 
Pressure sensor calibrations against a dead-weight piston gauge (Model 480DA, 
S/N 23906; Bundenberg Gauge Co. Ltd., Irlam, Manchester, UK) are performed at 
JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan by Marine Works Japan. LTD (MWJ), 
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, usually once in a year in order to monitor sensor 
time drift and linearity. The pressure sensor drift is known to be primarily 
an offset drift at all pressures rather than a change of span slope. The 
pressure sensor hysterisis is typically 0.2 dbar. The following coefficients 
for the sensor drift correction were also used in SEASOFT:

    S/N 0677, 8 September 2005
      slope = 0.9998495
      offset = -0.49595

The drift-corrected pressure is computed as
    Drift-corrected pressure (dbar) = slope °- (computed pressure in ) + offset

Result of the pressure sensor calibration against the dead-weight piston 
gauge is shown in Figure 3.1.2. Time drift of the pressure sensor based on 
the offset and the slope of the calibrations is also shown in Figure 3.1.3.

(4.2) Temperature (SBE 3)

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead in a 
stainless steel tube, providing a pressure-free measurement at depths up to 
10,500 (6,800) meters by titanium (aluminum) housing. The sensor output 
frequency ranges from approximately 5 to 13 kHz corresponding to temperature 
from -5 to 35°C. The output frequency is inversely proportional to the square 
root of the thermistor resistance, which controls the output of a patented 
Wien Bridge circuit. The thermistor resistance is exponentially related to 
temperature. The SBE 3 thermometer has a nominal accuracy of 1 mK, typical 
stability of 0.2 mK/month, and resolution of 0.2 mK at 24 samples per second. 
The premium temperature sensor, SBE 3plus, is a more rigorously tested and 
calibrated version of standard temperature sensor (SBE 3). A sensor is 
designated as an SBE 3plus only after demonstrating drift of less than 1 mK 
during a six-month screening period. In addition, the time response is 
carefully measured and verified to be 0.065 ± 0.010 seconds.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following 
coefficients were used in SEASOFT:

   S/N 1464 (Leg.1: primary), 14 September 2005
     g    = 4.84384166e-03
     h    = 6.80721378e-04
     i    = 2.69562893e-05
     j    = 2.12657768e-06
     f(0) = 1000.000

   S/N 4216 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2 and 3: primary), 20 September 2005
     g    = 4.35983643e-03
     h    = 6.46128037e-04
     i    = 2.28907910e-05
     j    = 1.94862297e-06
     f(0) = 1000.000

   S/N 1525 (Leg.2 and 3: secondary), 14 September 2005
     g    = 4.84604175e-03
     h    = 6.75287460e-04
     i    = 2.65140918e-05
     j    = 2.12921574e-06
     f(0) = 1000.000

Temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to

    Temperature (ITS-90) = 1/{g + h X [ln(f(0) / f)] + i X [ln^2(f(0)/f)] 
                         + j X [ln^3(f(0)/f)]} - 273.15

where f is the instrument frequency (kHz).

Time drift of the SBE 3 temperature sensors based on the laboratory 
calibrations is shown in Figure 3.1.4.

(4.3) Conductivity (SBE 4)

The flow-through conductivity sensing element is a glass tube (cell) with 
three platinum electrodes to provide in-situ measurements at depths up to 
10,500 meters. The impedance between the center and the end electrodes is 
determined by the cell geometry and the specific conductance of the fluid 
within the cell. The conductivity cell composes a Wien Bridge circuit with 
other electric elements of which frequency output is approximately 3 to 12 
kHz corresponding to conductivity of the fluid of 0 to 7 S/m. The SBE 4 has a 
nominal accuracy of 0.0003 S/m, typical stability of 0.0003 S/m/month, and 
resolution of 0.00004 S/m at 24 samples per second.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following 
coefficients were used in SEASOFT:

    S/N 1203 (Leg.1: primary), 15 September 2005
      g = -4.05182265e+00
      h = 4.93483365e-01
      i = 9.77451923e-05
      j = 2.18599851e-05
      CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal)
      CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal)

    S/N 2854 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2: primary from X14_1 to 351_2, 
              Leg.3: primary), 15 September 2005
      g = -1.02631821e+01
      h = 1.41526600e+00
      i = -9.49444425e-06
      j = 5.73270605e-05
      CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal)
      CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal)

    S/N 3124 (Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to 197_1), 8 November 2005
      g = -1.02907974e+01
      h = 1.38692851e+00
      i = -8.89254353e-05
      j = 8.59164344e-05
      CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal)
      CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal)

    S/N 3036 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 197_1), 23 September 2005
      g = -1.03246469e+01
      h = 1.42860596e+00
      i = 3.40735271e-04
      j = 4.76172694e-05
      CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal)
      CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal)

    S/N 3116 (Leg.2: secondary from X14_1 to 351_2, Leg.3: secondary),  
              8 November 2005
      g = -1.04289250e+01
      h = 1.43335621e+00
      i = 4.35984135e-04
      j = 3.98255096e-05
      CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal)
      CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal)

Conductivity of a fluid in the cell is expressed as:

     C(S/m) = (g + h X f^2 + i X f^3 + j X f^4)/[10(1 + CTcor X t + CPcor ]

where f is the instrument frequency (kHz), t is the water temperature (°C) 
and p is the water pressure (dbar). The value of conductivity at salinity of 
35, temperature of 15°C (IPTS-68) and pressure of 0 dbar is 4.2914 S/m.

(4.4) Oxygen (SBE 43)

The SBE 43 oxygen sensor uses a Clark polarographic element to provide in-
situ measurements at depths up to 7,000 meters. Calibration stability is 
improved by an order of magnitude, and pressure hysterisis is largely 
eliminated in the upper ocean (1,000 m) compared with the previous oxygen 
sensor (SBE 13). Continuous polarization eliminates wait-time for 
stabilization after power-up. Signal resolution is increased by on-board 
temperature compensation. The oxygen sensor is also included in the path of 
pumped sea water. The oxygen sensor determines dissolved oxygen concentration 
by counting the number of oxygen molecules per second (flux) that diffuse 
through a membrane, where the permeability of the membrane to oxygen is a 
function of temperature and ambient pressure. Computation of dissolved oxygen 
in engineering units is done in SEASOFT software. The range for dissolved 
oxygen is 120% of surface saturation in all natural waters, nominal accuracy 
is 2% of saturation, and typical stability is 2% per 1,000 hours.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following 
coefficients were used in SEASOFT:

    S/N 0391 (Leg.1: primary, Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to WC7), 
             18 October 2005
      Soc    = 0.35440
      Offset = -0.4919
      TCor   = 0.0013
      PCor   = 1.350e-04

    S/N 0488 (Leg.1: secondary), 11 October 2005
      Soc    = 0.58120
      Offset = -0.6959
      TCor   = -0.0004
      PCor   = 1.350e-04

    S/N 0390 (Leg.2: primary from WC8 to 351_2, Leg.3: primary), 
             18 October 2005
      Soc    = 0.3877
      Offset = -0.5151
      TCor   = 0.0012
      PCor   = 1.350e-04

    S/N 0394 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 283_1, Leg.3: secondary), 
             1 July 2005
      Soc    = 0.3629
      Offset = -0.5220
      TCor   = 0.0020
      PCor   = 1.350e-04

    S/N 0205 (Leg.2: secondary from 285_1 to 351_2), 10 May 2005
      Soc = 0.4131
      Offset = -0.4688
      TCor = -0.0009
      PCor = 1.350e-04

Oxygen (ml/l) is computed as

  Oxygen(ml/l) = {Soc X (v + Offset)} X exp(TCor X t + PCor X p) X Oxsat(t,s)
  Oxsat(t, s)  = exp[A1 + A2 X (100/t) + A3 X ln(t/100) + A4 X (t/100) 
               + s X {B1 + B2 X (t/100) + B3 X (t/100) X (t/100)}]
    A(1) = -173.4292
    A(2) = 249.6339
    A(3) = 143.3483
    A(4) = -21.8482
    B(1) = -0.033096
    B(2) = -0.00170

where p is pressure in dbar, t is absolute temperature, and s is salinity in 
psu. Oxsat is oxygen saturation value minus the volume of oxygen gas (STP) 
absorbed from humidity-saturated air. 

Serial number 0488 is used in SBE's research for oxygen sensor membranes. 
This sensor has a membrane that is thicker than production SBE 43s. This 
thicker membrane will cause the sensor to respond more slowly than standard 
SBE 43s but it may be more stable. The field performance of this sensor is 
examined in the leg.1.

(4.5) Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer

Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer (SBE 35) is an accurate, ocean-range 
temperature sensor that can be standardized against Triple Point of Water and 
Gallium Melt Point cells and is also capable of measuring temperature in the 
ocean to depths of 6,800 m. 

Temperature is determined by applying an AC excitation to reference 
resistances and an ultrastable aged thermistor with a drift rate of less than 
0.001 °C/year. Each of the resulting outputs is digitized by a 20-bit A/D
converter. The reference resistor is a hermetically sealed, temperature-
controlled VISHAY. The switches are mercury wetted reed relays with a stable 
contact resistance. AC excitation and ratiometric comparison using a common 
processing channel removes measurement errors due to parasitic thermocouples, 
offset voltages, leakage currents, and gain errors. Maximum power dissipated 
in the thermistor is 0.5 μwatts, and contributes less than 200 μK of overheat 
error.

The SBE 35 communicates via a standard RS-232 interface at 300 baud, 8 bits, 
no parity. The SBE 35 can be used with the SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler and 
SBE 911plus CTD system. The SBE 35 makes a temperature measurement each time 
a bottle fire confirmation is received, and stores the value in EEPROM. 
Calibration coefficients stored in EEPROM allow the SBE 35 to transmit data 
in engineering units. Commands can be sent to SBE 35 to provide status 
display, data acquisition setup, data retrieval, and diagnostic test by using 
terminal software.

Following the methodology used for standards-grade platinum resistance 
thermometers (SPRT), calibration of the SBE 35 is accomplished in two steps. 
The first step is to characterize and capture the non-linear resistance vs 
temperature response of the sensor. The SBE 35 calibrations are performed at 
SBE, Inc., in a low-gradient temperature bath and against ITS-90 certified 
SPRTs maintained at Sea-Bird's primary temperature metrology laboratory. The 
second step is frequent certification of the sensor by measurements in 
thermodynamic fixedpoint cells. Triple point of water (TPW) and gallium melt 
point (GaMP) cells are appropriate for the SBE 35. The SBE 35 resolves 
temperature in the fixed-point cells to approximately 25 μK. Like SPRTs, the 
slow time drift of the SBE 35 is adjusted by a slope and offset correction to 
the basic non-linear calibration equation.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following 
coefficients were stored in EEPROM:

    S/N 0022 (Leg.1 and 2), 12 October 1999 (1st step: linearization)
      a(0) = 4.320725498e-3
      a(1) = -1.189839279e-3
      a(2) = 1.836299593e-3
      a(3) = -1.032916769e-5
      a(4) = 2.225491125e-7
    
    S/N 0045 (Leg.3), 27 October 2002 (1st step: linearization)
      a(0) = 5.84093815e-03
      a(1) = -1.65529280e-03
      a(2) = 2.37944937e-04
      a(3) = -1.32611385e-05
      a(4) = 2.83355203e-07

Linearized temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to

  Linearized temperature (ITS-90) = 1/{a0 + a1 X [ln(n)] + a2 X [ln2(n)] 
                                  + a3 X [ln3(n)]+ a4 X [ln4(n)]} - 273.15

where n is the instrument output. Then the SBE 35 is certified by 
measurements in thermodynamic fixed-point cells of the TPW (0.0100°C) and 
GaMP (29.7646°C). The slow time drift of the SBE 35 is adjusted by periodic
recertification corrections.

    S/N 0022 (Leg.1 and 2), 30 September 2005 (2nd step: fixed point 
              calibration)
      Slope  = 1.000036
      Offset = 0.000151
    
    S/N 0045 (Leg.3), 3 October 2005 (2nd step: fixed point calibration)
      Slope  = 1.000013
      Offset = -0.001084

Temperature (ITS-90) is calibrated according to

       Temperature (ITS-90) = Slope X Linearized temperature + Offset

The SBE 35 has a time constant of 0.5 seconds. The time required per sample = 
1.1 °- NCYCLES + 2.7 seconds. The 1.1 seconds is total time per an 
acquisition cycle. NCYCLES is the number of acquisition cycles per sample. 
The 2.7 seconds is required for converting the measured values to temperature 
and storing average in EEPROM. Root mean square (rms) temperature noise for a 
SBE 35 in a Triple Point of Water cell is typically expressed as 82 / 
NCYCLES1/2 in μK. In this cruise NCYCLES was set to 4 and the rms noise is 
estimated to be 0.04 mK.

When using the SBE 911 system with SBE 35, the deck unit receives incorrect 
signal from the under water unit for confirmation of firing bottle #16. In 
order to correct the signal, a module (Yoshi Ver. 1; EMS Co. Ltd., Kobe, 
Hyogo, Japan) was used between the under water unit and the deck unit. Time 
drift of the SBE 35 based on the fixed point calibrations is shown in Figure 
3.1.5.

(4.6) Altimeter

Benthos PSA-916T Sonar Altimeter (Teledyne Benthos, Inc.) determines the 
distance of the target from the unit by generating a narrow beam acoustic 
pulse and measuring the travel time for the pulse to bounce back from the 
target surface. The PSA-916T is the same as the standard PSA-916 Sonar 
Altimeter except it is housed in a corrosion-resistant titanium pressure 
case. It is O-ring-sealed and rated for operation in water depths up to 
10,000 meters. In this unit, a 250 microseconds pulse at 200 kHz is 
transmitted 5 times in a second. The PSA-916T uses the nominal speed of sound 
of 1,500 m/s. Thus the unit itself, neglecting variations in the speed of 
sound, can be considered accurate to 5% or 0.1 meter, whichever is greater. 
In the PSA-916T the jitter of the detectors is approximately 5 microseconds 
or ± 0.4 cm total distance. Since the total travel time is divided by two, 
the jitter error is ±0.2 cm.

The following scale factors were used in SEASOFT:

    S/N 1100, S/N 1157
      FSVolt X 300/FSRange = 15
      Offset = 0.0

(4.7) Oxygen Optode

Oxygen Optode 3830 (Aanderaa Instruments AS) is based on the ability of 
selected substances to act as dynamic fluorescence quenchers. The fluorescent 
indicator is a special platinum porphyrine complex embedded in a gas 
permeable foil that is exposed to the surrounding water. A black optical 
isolation coating protects the complex from sunlight and fluorescent 
particles in the water. This sensing foil is attached to a sapphire window
providing optical access for the measuring system from inside watertight 
titanium housing. The foil is excited by modulated blue light, and the phase 
of a returned red light is measured. By linearizing and temperature 
compensating, with an incorporated temperature sensor, the absolute O2 
concentration can be determined.

In order to use with the SBE 911plus CTD system, an analog adaptor (3966) is 
connected to the oxygen optode (3830). The analog adaptor is packed into 
titanium housing made by Alec Electronics Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan 
(Figure 3.1.6). The sensor is designed to operate down to 6,000 meters and 
the titanium housing for the analog adaptor is designed to operate down to 
7,000 meters. The range for dissolved oxygen is 120% of surface saturation in 
all natural waters, nominal accuracy is less than 5% of saturation, and 
setting time (68%) is shorter than 25 seconds.

The following scale factors were used in SEASOFT:

    S/N 612
      Phase shift (degrees) = V(p) X 12 + 10
      Temperature (°C)      = V(t) X 9 - 5

where V(p) and V(t) are voltage output (V) of phase shift and temperature, 
respectively.

Each batch of sensing foils is delivered with calibration data describing the 
behavior with respect to oxygen concentration and temperature.

Foil batch No. 4104 (S/N 612), 13 November 2004

    C0Coef(0) = 3.199840e+3
    C0Coef(1) = -1.119634e+2
    C0Coef(2) = 2.408296
    C0Coef(3) = -2.248740e-2
    C1Coef(0) = -1.744936e+2
    C1Coef(1) = 5.462500
    C1Coef(2) = -1.244084e-1
    C1Coef(3) = 1.239153e-3
    C2Coef(0) = 3.941711
    C2Coef(1) = -1.086677e-1
    C2Coef(2) = 2.719394e-3
    C2Coef(3) = -2.906343e-5
    C3Coef(0) = -4.220910e-2
    C3Coef(1) = 1.018155e-3
    C3Coef(2) = -2.905609e-5
    C3Coef(3) = 3.306610e-7
    C4Coef(0) = 1.738870e-4
    C4Coef(1) = -3.637668e-6
    C4Coef(2) = 1.227403e-7
    C4Coef(3) = -1.468399e-9

Temperature dependent coefficients are calculated as follows.

    C0Coef = C0Coef(0) + C0Coef(1) X t + C0Coef(2) X t2 + C0Coef(3) X t^3
    C1Coef = C1Coef(0) + C1Coef(1) X t + C1Coef(2) X t2 + C1Coef(3) X t^3
    C2Coef = C2Coef(0) + C2Coef(1) X t + C2Coef(2) X t2 + C2Coef(3) X t^3
    C3Coef = C3Coef(0) + C3Coef(1) X t + C3Coef(2) X t2 + C3Coef(3) X t^3
    C4Coef = C4Coef(0) + C4Coef(1) X t + C4Coef(2) X t2 + C4Coef(3) X t^3

where t is temperature (°C). The oxygen concentration can be calculated by 
use of the following formula.

O2 (μmol/l) = C0Coef + C1Coef X P + C2Coef X P^2 + C3Coef X P^3 + C4Coef X P^4

where P is phase shift (degrees) measured by the Optode. In addition to the 
above mentioned coefficient, phase measurement is calibrated for individual 
sensor and foil variations by a two point calibration (one in air saturated 
water and one in a zero-oxygen solution).

    P = A + B X P(b)

where P is a calibrated phase shift (degrees) and P(b) is a raw phase 
measurement. The coefficients A and B can be calculated by ordinary linear 
curve fitting and is delivered.

    S/N 612, 20 September 2005
      A = -3.00536
      B = 1.11847

Outputs from the sensor are the raw phase shift (P(b)) and temperature. The 
raw phase data was calibrated using above coefficients after data 
acquisition. The oxygen concentration was calculated using temperature data
from the first responding CTD temperature sensor instead of temperature data 
from slow responding optode temperature sensor.

Since the sensing foil is only permeable to gas and not water, the optode can 
not sense the effect of salt dissolved in the water, hence the optode always 
measures as if immersed in fresh water. Therefore the oxygen concentration, 
μmol/l, was multiplied by the following factor.

    exp{S(B(0) + B(1) X T(S) + B(2) X TS^2 + B(3) X TS^3) + C(0) X S^2}

where S is salinity, T(S) is scaled temperature (= ln{(298.15 - t)/(273.15 + 
t)}), t is temperature (°C),

    B(0) = -6.24097e-3
    B(1) = -6.93498e-3
    B(2) = -6.90358e-3
    B(3) = -4.29155e-3
    C(0) = -3.11680e-7

The response of the sensing foil decreases to some extent with the ambient 
water pressure. Therefore the oxygen concentration was multiplied by the 
following factor.

    (1 + 0.03 X P(r)/1000)

where P(r) is pressure in dbar. This factor (0.03) is empirically determined 
and different from that in the user's manual. (The factor was changed as 
0.032 after analyzing the data obtained in this cruise.)

(5) Data collection and processing

(5.1) Data collection

CTD measurements were made by using a SBE 9plus equipped with two pumped 
temperature-conductivity (TC) sensors. The TC pairs were monitored to check 
drift and shifts by examining the differences between the two pairs. A 
dissolved oxygen sensor was placed between the primary conductivity sensor 
module and the pump. Auxiliary sensors included Deep Ocean Standards 
Thermometer, altimeter and oxygen optode. The SBE 9plus was mounted 
horizontally in a 36-position carousel frame.

CTD system was powered on at least 30 minutes in advance of the data 
acquisition and was powered off at least two minutes after the operation in 
order to acquire pressure data on the ship's deck.

The package was lowered into the water from the starboard side and held 10 m 
beneath the surface for about one minute in order to activate the pump. After 
the pump was activated, the package was lifted to the surface and lowered at 
a rate of 1.0 m/s to 200 m (or 300 m when significant wave height is high) 
then the package was stopped in order to operate the heave compensator of the 
crane. The package was lowered again at a rate of 1.2 m/s to the bottom. The 
position of the package relative to the bottom was monitored by the altimeter 
reading. Also the bottom depth was monitored by the SEABEAM multi-narrow beam 
sounder on board. For the up cast, the package was lifted at a rate of 1.1 
m/s except for bottle firing stops. At each bottle firing stops, the bottle 
was fired after waiting from the stop for 30 seconds and the package was 
stayed at least 5 seconds for measurement of the Deep Ocean Standards 
Thermometer. At 200 m (or 300 m) from the surface, the package was stopped in
order to stop the heave compensator of the crane.

Water samples were collected using a 36-bottle SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler 
with 12-litre Nisken-X bottles. Before a cast taken water for CFCs, the 36-
bottle frame and Niskin-X bottles were wiped with acetone.

The SBE 11plus deck unit received the data signal from the CTD. Digitized 
data were forwarded to a personal computer running the SEASAVE data 
acquisition software. Temperature, conductivity, salinity, oxygen and descent 
rate profiles were displayed in real-time with the package depth and 
altimeter reading. Differences in temperature, salinity and oxygen between 
primary and secondary sensor were also displayed in order to monitor the 
status of the sensors.

Data acquisition software
    SEASAVE-Win32, version 5.27b

(5.2) Data collection problems

Leg.1:

At following stations, trigger of the bottle was not released. Therefore the 
latch assembly was replaced after the cast.

    33_1 (#12), 51_1 (#28), 116_1 (#36)

At station 38_1, bottle #19 did not trip correctly. It was found by 
temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch 
assembly was replaced after the cast.

At station 51_1, bottle #26 was not fired by missed operation.

After station 51_1, bottle #15 was changed from S/N X12006 to S/N X12009 due 
to frequent leak.

At following stations, output from the sensor showed abnormal values.

    94_1, secondary sensors, 32-96 dbar (down cast)
    114_1, secondary conductivity, 1,192-2,546 dbar (down cast)
    118_1, primary conductivity, 1,391-1,438 dbar (down cast)

Leg.2:

At following stations, trigger of the bottle was not released. Therefore the 
latch assembly was replaced after the cast.

    X14_1 (#17), 201_1 (#17), 203_1 (#10), 217_2 (#28), 231_1 (#26), 322_1 (#18), 351_2 (#14)

At following stations, bottle did not trip correctly. It was found by 
temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch 
assembly was replaced after the cast.

    WC5_1 (#8), 291_1 (#20), 351_2 (21)

At following stations, bottle did not trip correctly. It was found by sampled 
water analysis.

    185_1 (#17): The latch assembly was replaced after station 195_1.
    WC2_1 (#1): The latch assembly was replaced after station WC5_1.
    357_1 (#17): The bottle tripped before firing the bottle.

At station 217_2, bottle #36 was not fired by missed operation.

After station 267_1, bottle #23 was changed from S/N X12043 to S/N X12005.

At following stations, output from the sensor showed abnormal values.

    146_2, secondary sensors
    148_1, secondary sensors
    WC7_1, primary sensors
    328_1, primary sensors, 0-1,106 dbar (up cast), Jellyfish in primary TC 
           duct

At station 299_1, the deck unit fuzed at 2,790 dbar of up cast. The system 
was re-started at the depth.

At station 347_1, system error occurred at 2,743-2,744 dbar of up cast by 
unknown reason.

For primary oxygen sensor S/N 0391, noise became large near surface (0-400 
dbar) compared to the data obtained from the same sensor in leg 1. The sensor 
was bleached after stations 171_1, 209_1 and WC6_1. Noise became large again 
although it was improved after bleaching.

After station 197_1, the primary conductivity sensor was changed from S/N 
3124 to S/N 2854, and the secondary conductivity sensor was also changed from 
S/N 3036 to S/N 3116, due to large time drift.

After station WC7_1, the primary oxygen sensor was changed from S/N 0391 to 
S/N 0390 due to shift and noise. After station 283_1, the secondary oxygen 
sensor was changed from S/N 0394 to S/N 0205 due to small noise. But the 
noise was found in the secondary oxygen data after the sensor change as well. 
So the connecting cable for the secondary oxygen sensor after station 285_1. 
But the noise was found as well. At station 333_1, the connecting port was 
changed from AUX3 to AUX2 and the noise disappeared after that.

Leg.3:

At station 380_1, bottle #23 was not trip correctly. It was found by 
temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch 
assembly was replaced after the cast.

(5.3) Data processing

SEASOFT consists of modular menu driven routines for acquisition, display, 
processing, and archiving of oceanographic data acquired with SBE equipment, 
and is designed to work with a compatible personal computer. Raw data are 
acquired from instruments and are stored as unmodified data. The conversion 
module DATCNV uses instrument configuration and calibration coefficients to 
create a converted engineering unit data file that is operated on by all 
SEASOFT post processing modules. Each SEASOFT module that modifies the 
Converted data file adds proper information to the header of the converted 
file permitting tracking of how the various oceanographic parameters were 
obtained. The converted data is stored in rows and columns of ASCII numbers.
The last data column is a flag field used to mark scans as good or bad.

The following are the SEASOFT data processing module sequence and 
specifications used in the reduction of CTD data in this cruise.

Data processing software
    SEASOFT-Win32, version 5.27b

DATCNV converted the raw data to scan number, pressure, depth, temperatures, 
conductivities, oxygen voltage, descent rate, altitude, and optode phase 
shift. DATCNV also extracted bottle information where scans were marked with 
the bottle confirm bit during acquisition. The duration was set to 4.4 
seconds, and the offset was set to 0.0 seconds.

ROSSUM created a summary of the bottle data. The bottle position, date, and 
time were output as the first two columns. Scan number, pressure, depth, 
temperatures, conductivities, oxygen voltage, descent rate, altitude and 
optode phase shift were averaged over 4.4 seconds. And salinity, potential 
temperature, density (σθ) and oxygen were computed.

ALIGNCTD converted the time-sequence of conductivity and oxygen sensor 
outputs into the pressure sequence to ensure that all calculations were made 
using measurements from the same parcel of water. For a SBE 9plus CTD with 
the ducted temperature and conductivity sensors and a 3,000-rpm pump, the 
typical net advance of the conductivity relative to the temperature is 0.073 
seconds. So, the SBE 11plus deck unit was set to advance the primary and the 
secondary conductivity for 1.73 scans (1.75/24 = 0.073 seconds). Oxygen data
are also systematically delayed with respect to depth mainly because of the 
long time constant of the oxygen sensor and of an additional delay from the 
transit time of water in the pumped plumbing line. This delay was
compensated by 6 seconds advancing oxygen sensor output (oxygen voltage) 
relative to the temperature. For the serial number 0488 that have thicker 
membrane than standard SBE 43s, the delay was compensated by 14 seconds. 
Oxygen optode data are also delayed by relatively slow response time of the 
sensor. The delay was compensated by 8 seconds advancing optode sensor output 
(phase shift and optode temperature) relative to the CTD temperature.

WILDEDIT marked extreme outliers in the data files. The first pass of 
WILDEDIT obtained an accurate estimate of the true standard deviation of the 
data. The data were read in blocks of 1,000 scans. Data greater than 10 
standard deviations were flagged. The second pass computed a standard 
deviation over the same 1,000 scans excluding the flagged values. Values 
greater than 20 standard deviations were marked bad. This process was applied 
to all variables.

CELLTM used a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal mass 
effects from the measured conductivity. Typical values used were thermal 
anomaly amplitude alpha = 0.03 and the time constant 1/beta = 7.0.

FILTER performed a low pass filter on pressure with a time constant of 0.15 
seconds. In order to produce zero phase lag (no time shift) the filter runs 
forward first then backwards.

SECTION selected a time span of data based on scan number in order to reduce 
a file size. The minimum number was set to be the start time when the CTD 
package was beneath the sea-surface after activation of the pump. The maximum 
number was set to be the end time when the package came up from the surface.
Data for estimation of the CTD pressure drift were prepared before SECTION.

LOOPEDIT marked scans where the CTD was moving less than the minimum velocity 
of 0.0 m/s (traveling backwards due to ship roll).

DERIVE was used to compute oxygen.

BINAVG averaged the data into 1-dbar pressure bins. The center value of the 
first bin was set equal to the bin size. The bin minimum and maximum values 
are the center value plus and minus half the bin size. Scans with pressures 
greater than the minimum and less than or equal to the maximum were averaged. 
Scans were interpolated so that a data record exist every dbar.

DERIVE was re-used to compute salinity, potential temperature, and density 
(σθ).

SPLIT was used to split data into the down cast and the up cast.

For stations from 146_2 to 331_1 in Leg.2, small noise was found in the 
secondary oxygen data because the sensor connected to the port of AUX3. 
Therefore the sensor output (voltage) was low-pass filtered with a time 
constant of 1 second at the same time of the low-pass filtering for the 
pressure data mentioned above. At following stations, the noise could not be 
removed completely from down cast profile data.

    X14_1: 5,650-5,800 dbar
    201_1: 5,600-5,760 dbar
    203_1: 5,710-5,850 dbar
    205_1: 5,760-5,820 dbar
    207_1: 5,660-5,860 dbar
    213_1: 5,840-5,880 dbar
    215_1: 5,750-5,920 dbar
    217_1: 5,730-5,880 dbar

Remaining spikes in salinity or oxygen data were manually eliminated from the 
raw data or the 1-dbaraveraged data. When number of data in the 1-dbar-
pressure bin was less than 10, the data of the bin was not used. The data gap 
over 1-dbar was linearly interpolated with a quality flag of 6.

For the oxygen optode data, the delay due to the long time constant was 
compensated by 8 seconds using the software module ALIGNCTD mentioned above. 
However it was found that the delay was dependent on temperature. So the 
delay was compensated advancing optode sensor output relative to the CTD 
temperature as a following function of temperature.

    align (sec) = 25 X exp(-0.13 X t) (for 0 ≤ t ≤ 16.3 °C)
    align (sec) = 25 (for t < 0 °C)
    align (sec) = 3 (for t > 16.3 °C)

where t is CTD temperature (°C).

(6) Post-cruise calibration

Post-cruise calibration is basically performed for each leg. However the 
cruise period of Leg.2 is longer than usual (53 days). So the data of Leg.2 
is divided into two periods for the post-cruise calibration. In this section 
the two periods are called as Leg.2a (from station 146_2 to WC10_1) and Leg. 
2b (from station 217_2 to 351_2).

(6.1) Pressure

The CTD pressure sensor offset in the period of the cruise is estimated from 
the pressure readings on the ship deck. For best results the Paroscientific 
sensor has to be powered for at least 10 minutes before the operation and 
carefully temperature equilibrated. Therefore CTD system was powered on for 
30 minutes in advance of the data acquisition (from 55_1, Leg.1). In order to 
get the calibration data for the pre- and post-cast pressure sensor drift, 
the CTD deck pressure is averaged over first and last one minute, 
respectively. Then the atmospheric pressure deviation from a standard 
atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi) is subtracted from the CTD deck pressure. The 
atmospheric pressure was measured at the captain deck (20 m high from the 
base line) and subsampled one-minute interval as a meteorological data. Time 
series of the CTD deck pressure is shown in from Figure 3.1.7 to Figure 
3.1.10.

The CTD pressure sensor offset is estimated from the deck pressure obtained 
above. Mean of the pre- and the post-casts data over the whole period gave an 
estimation of the pressure sensor offset from the pre-cruise calibration. 
Mean residual pressure between the dead-weight piston gauge and the 
calibrated CTD data at 0 dbar of the pre-cruise calibration is subtracted 
from the mean deck pressure. Estimated offset of the pressure data is 
summarized in Table 3.1.1. The post-cruise correction of the pressure data is 
not deemed necessary for the pressure sensor.


TABLE 3.1.1. Offset of the pressure data. Mean and standard deviation are 
             calculated from time series of the average of the pre- and the 
             post-cast deck pressures.

______________________________________________________________________________________

                  Mean deck         Standard      Residual pressure  Estimated offset
 Leg     S/N   Pressure (dbar)  deviation (dbar)       (dbar)             (dbar)
 ------  ----  ---------------  ----------------  -----------------  ----------------
 Leg.1   0677      -0.53             0.03                0.03             -0.56
 Leg.2a  0677      -0.54             0.03                0.03             -0.57
 Leg.2b  0677      -0.53             0.02                0.03             -0.56
 Leg.3   0677      -0.49             0.02                0.03             -0.52
______________________________________________________________________________________ 


(6.2) Temperature

The CTD temperature sensors (SBE 3) were calibrated with the SBE 35 under the 
assumption that discrepancies between SBE 3 and SBE 35 data were due to 
pressure sensitivity, the viscous heating effect, and time drift of the SBE 
3, according to a method by Uchida et al. (2007).

Post-cruise sensor calibrations for the SBE 35 were performed at SBE, Inc.

    S/N 0022, 1 February 2006 (2nd step: fixed point calibration)
      Slope  = 1.000034
      Offset = 0.000038

    S/N 0045, 21 February 2006 (2nd step: fixed point calibration)
      Slope  = 1.000009
      Offset = -0.001109

Offset of the SBE 35 (S/N 0022) data from the pre-cruise calibration is 
estimated to be 0.1 mK for temperature less than 4°C. So the post-cruise 
correction of the SBE 35 temperature data is not deemed necessary for the SBE 
35.

The CTD temperature is calibrated as

    Calibrated temperature = T - (c(0) - P + c(1) X t + c(2))

where T is CTD temperature in °C, P is pressure in dbar, t is time in days 
from pre-cruise calibration date of CTD temperature and c(0), c(1), and c(2) 
are calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of coefficients are 
determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation from the SBE 35 data. 
The MATLAB® function FMINSEARCH is used to determine the sets.

The calibration is performed for the CTD data created by the software module 
ROSSUM. The deviation of CTD temperature from the SBE 35 temperature at depth 
shallower than 2,000 dbar is large for determining the coefficients with 
sufficient accuracy since the vertical temperature gradient is too large in 
the regions. So the coefficients are determined using the data for the depth 
deeper than 1,950 dbar. For Leg.3 the calibration coefficients determined for 
Leg.2b are used for the calibration because the maximum pressure of the CTD 
casts is shallower than 2,000 dbar in Leg.3.

Finally following temperature data are used for the data set in consideration 
for the data quality.

    Leg.1: secondary (S/N 4216) except for 94_1 and 114_1
           primary (S/N 1464) for 94_1 and 114_1

    Leg.2: primary (S/N 4216) except for WC7_1 and 328_1
           secondary (S/N 1525) for WC7_1 and 328_1

    Leg.3: primary (S/N 4216)

The number of data used for the calibration and the mean absolute deviation 
from the SBE 35 are listed in Table 3.1.2 and the calibration coefficients 
are listed in Table 3.1.3. The results of the post-cruise calibration for
the CTD temperature are summarized in Table 3.1.4 and shown in from Figure 
3.1.11 to Figure 3.1.17.


TABLE 3.1.2. Number of data used for the calibration (pressure ≥ 1,950 dbar)
             and mean absolute deviation (ADEV) between the CTD temperature 
             and the SBE 35.

             __________________________________________________________
             
              Leg     S/N   Number of data  ADEV (mK)  Note
              ------  ----  --------------  ---------  ---------------
              Leg.1   1464        976         0.10     for 94_1, 114_1
                      4216        976         0.10 
              Leg.2a  4216        672         0.12 
                      1525        661         0.10     for WC7_1
              Leg.2b  4216       1070         0.14 
                      1525       1070         0.11     for 328_1
             __________________________________________________________
 
 
TABLE 3.1.3. Calibration coefficients for the CTD temperature sensors.

             ______________________________________________________________

              Leg     S/N   c(0)(°C/dbar)   c(1)(°C/day)    c(2)(°C)
              ------  ----  --------------  --------------  ----------
              Leg.1   1464    -1.090e-7       1.3833e-5     -0.34e-3
                      4216     1.8917e-8     -4.1245e-6      0.55e-3
              Leg.2a  4216    -3.9923e-9     -1.1221e-6      0.70e-3
                      1525     1.0202e-9     -5.4892e-6      0.84e-3
              Leg.2b  4216    -7.2153e-9      1.0834e-5     -0.65e-3
                      1525     2.7008e-9      1.8342e-6     -0.07e-3
              Leg.3   4216  Same as Leg.2b  Same as Leg.2b  Same as Leg.2b
             ______________________________________________________________


TABLE 3.1.4. Difference between the CTD temperature and the SBE 35 after the 
             post-cruse calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) are 
             calculated for the data below and above 1,950 dbar. Number of 
             data used (Num) is also shown.

     ____________________________________________________________________

                      Pressure ≥ 1,950 dbar       Pressure < 1,950 dbar
      Leg     S/N    Num  Mean(mK)  Sdev(mK)     Num  Mean mK)  Sdev(mK)
      ------  ----  ----  --------  --------    ----  --------  --------
      Leg.1   1464   976   -0.01     0.14       1392   -0.57      4.3
              4216   976   -0.01     0.14       1392   -0.13      4.0
      Leg.2a  4216   672    0.02     0.17        888   -0.04      4.6
              1525   661   -0.00     0.17        872    0.16      5.5
      Leg.2b  4216  1070   -0.00     0.18       1407   -0.11      4.3
              1525  1070   -0.01     0.15       1421   -0.21      4.4
      Leg.3   4216    -      -        -          332   -0.59      5.5
     ____________________________________________________________________

(6.3) Salinity

The discrepancy between the CTD salinity and the bottle salinity is 
considered to be a function of conductivity and pressure. The CTD salinity is 
calibrated as 

    Calibrated salinity = S - (c(0) X P + c(1) X C + c(2) X C X P + c(3))

where S is CTD salinity, P is pressure in dbar, C is conductivity in S/m and 
c(0), c(1), c(2) and c(3) are calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of 
coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation with 
a weight from the bottle salinity data. The MATLAB(R) function FMINSEARCH is 
used to determine the sets. The weight is given as a function of vertical 
salinity gradient and pressure as 

    Weight = min[4, exp{log(4) X Gr/Grad}] X min[4, exp{log(4) X P2/PR2}]

where Grad is vertical salinity gradient in PSU dbar-1, and P is pressure in 
dbar. Gr and PR are threshold of the salinity gradient (0.5 mPSU dbar^(-1)) 
and pressure (1,000 dbar), respectively. When salinity gradient is small 
(large) and pressure is large (small), the weight is large (small) at maximum 
(minimum) value of 16 (1). The salinity gradient is calculated using up-cast 
CTD salinity data. The up-cast CTD salinity data is low-pass filtered with a 
3-point (weights are 1/4, 1/2, 1/4) triangle filter before the calculation.

Finally salinity data derived from following conductivity sensor are used for 
the data set in consideration for the data quality.

    Leg.1: secondary (S/N 2854) except for 94_1 and 114_1
           primary   (S/N 1203) for 94_1 and 114_1

    Leg.2: primary   (S/N 3124 and S/N 2854) except for WC7_1 and 328_1
           secondary (S/N 3116) for WC7_1 and 328_1

    Leg.3: primary   (S/N 2854)

The CTD data created by the software module ROSSUM are used after the post-
cruise calibration for the CTD temperature.

The coefficients are determined for some groups of the CTD stations. The 
results of the post-cruise calibration for the CTD salinity are summarized in 
Table 3.1.5 and shown in from Figure 3.1.18 to Figure 3.1.21. And the 
calibration coefficients and the number of the data used for the calibration 
are listed in Table 3.1.6.


TABLE 3.1.5. Difference between the CTD salinity and the bottle salinity 
             after the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation 
             (Sdev) are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. 
             Number of data used (Num) is also shown.

   ______________________________________________________________________
   
    Leg         Pressure ≥ 950 dbar             Pressure < 950 dbar
            Num   Mean(mPSU)  Sdev(mPSU)    Num   Mean(mPSU)  Sdev(mPSU)
    ------  ----  ----------  ----------    ----  ----------  ----------
    Leg.1   1320     0.01        0.32       1002     0.06       6.36
    Leg.2a   920    -0.02        0.34        656     0.72       5.89
    Leg.2b  1422    -0.02        0.36       1025     0.67       3.16
    Leg.3     25    -0.04        0.41        296    -0.17       1.86
   ______________________________________________________________________


TABLE 3.1.6. Calibration coefficients for the CTD salinity. Number of data used 
             (Num) is also shown.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Stations       (Num)   C0                C1                C2                C3
 -------------  ------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ---------------
 Leg 1:
  1_1-26_1      (275)   -6.9332569403e-6  -1.7406138415e-3   2.1616864848e-6  7.4450762843e-3
  28_1-44_1     (298)   -1.2804422689e-6  -9.1223600910e-4   3.6879791066e-7  5.1074521112e-3
  46_1-73_1     (512)    3.6529672450e-7  -2.3847830676e-4  -1.4495159805e-7  3.1629438129e-3
  94_1, 114_1    (65)    2.7703624740e-6   6.1243709126e-5  -8.2572575661e-7  4.0659912660e-3
  74_1-104_1    (543)    1.8730171701e-6  -1.4227773847e-4  -6.2019187422e-7  3.2067999773e-3
  106_1-146_1   (629)   -6.1266343657e-7  -3.3024724989e-4   1.6374587979e-7  3.8794661715e-3

 Leg 2a:
  146_2          (32)   -1.3534051256e-6   2.6822634099e-4   4.8090447234e-7 -1.7023616632e-3
  148_1          (30)    2.8648089621e-6   7.9162918294e-4  -8.5229000985e-7 -4.1877005940e-3
  150_1          (27)   -6.3263920182e-6   5.6172055014e-4   2.1176194280e-6 -4.0658163232e-2
  152_1-157_1    (96)   -1.3932496449e-6   5.0002444812e-4   4.6572414581e-7 -4.3072082193e-3
  159_1, 161_1   (62)    2.6431715417e-6   6.2244409716e-4  -8.1258089784e-7 -4.1441691258e-3
  163_1-171_1   (161)    8.2248815256e-7   5.4513664671e-4  -2.1423403281e-7 -5.1979263905e-3
  173_1-197_1   (437)    4.6490157041e-6   7.1901447939e-4  -1.4095235922e-6 -6.4071128225e-3
  X14_1-217_1   (355)    4.5636737732e-6  -2.0954365226e-4  -1.4886356365e-6  3.3521757553e-3
  WC7_1          (36)    2.3388948512e-6  -2.5405823909e-4  -6.8264841424e-7  2.6121348754e-3
  WC0_1-WC10_1  (345)    4.4734717282e-6  -1.0524927421e-4  -1.4726908749e-6  3.5284312593e-3

 Leg 2b:
  217_2-223_1   (141)    8.1232759178e-6  -4.1703838739e-4  -2.5464247645e-6  3.8110914876e-3
  225_1-241_1   (318)    3.1775413340e-6  -2.7641170222e-4  -9.9523713450e-7  3.5148018313e-3
  243_1          (25)   -5.5463302053e-6  -6.6347509786e-4   1.7271918177e-6  4.5585473787e-3
  245_1-279_1   (660)    2.8847022900e-6  -3.3899298844e-4  -9.2783398683e-7  3.7937826601e-3
  281_1-295_1   (271)    3.0443912104e-6  -1.5733314930e-4  -9.6264878196e-7  3.1990129886e-3
  297_1-312_1   (184)   -9.3159288381e-6  -4.9418235747e-4   2.9682608422e-6  3.7280395807e-3
  328_1          (33)   -1.5232103653e-6  -6.0491327964e-4   5.1646883670e-7  2.9111918302e-3
  314_1-333_1   (315)    1.2037381315e-6  -2.1752035380e-4  -3.8674041433e-7  3.2959858445e-3
  335_1-343_1   (130)   -2.0392893584e-7  -1.8946836643e-4   6.4501351565e-8  2.7992069617e-3
  345_1-351_1   (134)    2.7127042547e-6  -2.3311048294e-5  -8.6986291755e-7  2.5838371732e-3
  369_1-257_1   (136)    8.7957026329e-7   1.1423193230e-4  -2.8274598494e-7  1.8615333187e-3
  355_1-351_2   (105)    3.6018768105e-6  -1.6276726098e-4  -1.1078997582e-6  2.8866166830e-3

 Leg 3:
  370_1-TS1_1   (321)    3.6800065006e-6  -6.9694450581e-5  -1.1545267726e-6   2.4027579868e-3
_______________________________________________________________________________________________


(6.4) Oxygen (SBE 43)

The CTD oxygen is calibrated using the oxygen model as

  Calibrated oxygen (ml/l) = {(Soc + dSoc) X {v + offset + doffset} 
                             X exp{(TCor + dTCor) X t + (PCor+dPCor) X p}}
                             X Oxsat(t, s)

where p is pressure in dbar, t is absolute temperature and s is salinity in 
psu. Oxsat is oxygen saturation value minus the volume of oxygen gas (STP) 
absorbed from humidity-saturated air. Soc, offset, TCor and PCor are the pre-
cruise calibration coefficients and dSoc, doffset, dTCor and dPCor are 
calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of coefficients are determined by 
minimizing the sum of absolute deviation with a weight from the bottle oxygen 
data. The MATLAB® function FMINSEARCH is used to determine the sets. The 
weight is given as a function of vertical oxygen gradient and pressure as

    Weight = min[4, exp{log(4) X Gr/Grad}] X min[4, exp{log(4) X P2 / PR2}]

where Grad is vertical oxygen gradient in μmol kg-1 dbar-1, and P is pressure 
in dbar. Gr and PR are threshold of the oxygen gradient (0.3 μmol kg-1 dbar-1) 
and pressure (1,000 dbar), respectively. When oxygen gradient is small 
(large) and pressure is large (small), the weight is large (small) at maximum 
(minimum) value of 16 (1). The oxygen gradient is calculated using down-cast 
CTD oxygen data. The down-cast CTD oxygen data is low-pass filtered with a 3-
point (weights are 1/4, 1/2, 1/4) triangle filter before the calculation.

Finally oxygen data derived from following oxygen sensor are used for the 
data set in consideration for the data quality.

    Leg.1: primary (S/N 0391)
    Leg.2: primary (S/N 0391) for 146_2 and 148_1
           secondary (S/N 0394) from 150_1 to WC8_1
           primary (S/N 0390) from WC9_1 to 351_2
    Leg.3: primary (S/N 0390)

The down-cast CTD data sampled at same density of the up-cast CTD data 
created by the software module ROSSUM are used after the post-cruise 
calibration for the CTD temperature and salinity.

The coefficients are basically determined for each station. Some stations, 
especially for shallow stations, are grouped for determining the calibration 
coefficients. The results of the post-cruise calibration for the CTD oxygen 
are summarized in Table 3.1.7 and shown in from Figure 3.1.22 to Figure 
3.1.5.19. And the calibration coefficients and number of the data used for 
the calibration are listed in Table 3.1.8.


TABLE 3.1.7. Difference between the CTD oxygen and the bottle oxygen after 
             the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) 
             are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. Number of 
             data used (Num) is also shown.

     _________________________________________________________________
     
              Pressure ≥ 950 dbar           Pressure < 950 dbar
                      Mean       Sdev               Mean       Sdev  
      Leg     Num   (μmol/kg)  (μmol/kg)    Num   (μmol/kg)  (μmol/kg)
      ------  ----  ---------  ---------    ----  ---------  --------
      Leg.1   1325    -0.04      0.65       1006    0.05       3.58
      Leg.2a   925     0.04      0.66        643    0.08       2.94
      Leg.2b  1419    -0.03      0.91       1012    0.07       2.54
      Leg.3     25    -0.10      0.33        295   -0.03       2.23
     _________________________________________________________________


TABLE 3.1.8. Calibration coefficient for the CTD oxygen. Number of data used 
             (Num) is also shown.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Stations       (Num)  dSoc             dTCor             dPCor             doffset
 -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
 Leg 1:
  1_1-16_1      (136)  2.8411653261e-4   1.1157544479e-3   2.7913096082e-6  -1.2818258956e-3
  18_1           (28)  4.2389172171e-3   6.5527402402e-4  -2.9529810502e-6   2.0664010586e-3
  20_1           (27)  5.9072097463e-3   5.9612891352e-4  -3.1353113762e-8  -4.4323898789e-2
  22_1           (28)  1.4921406865e-2  -6.5325808935e-4  -4.4711358817e-6  -7.6317176255e-3
  24_1           (28)  1.9502900984e-2  -1.2552442883e-3  -7.9727251405e-6  -6.3244004082e-3
  26_1           (28)  6.6080225258e-3   1.3348273077e-3   201080044441e-6  -6.9442801869e-3
  28_1           (31)  2.3907902710e-3   1.3980340097e-3   2.0147433243e-6  -9.6097019240e-4
  30_1           (30)  3.8642832072e-3   1.1394308990e-3   1.2625937853e-6   4.5201954492e-4
  31_1, 33_1     (58)  1.7756937413e-2  -2.8662753525e-4  -2.3286171688e-6  -1.1730133444e-2
  34_1           (30)  1.1671470168e-2   6.0064381700e-4  -2.9265249203e-6   2.3737334951e-4
  36_1           (30)  1.4742805723e-2   3.5139798210e-4  -3.8078312299e-6  -3.4660381192e-3
  38_1           (29)  1.7756937413e-2  -2.8662753525e-4  -2.0696816014e-6  -1.0350116601e-2
  40_1           (31)  1.3605434044e-2   2.6150325230e-4  -2.2558010990e-6  -2.7140487884e-3
  42_1           (32)  1.3966404403e-2   3.5366741890e-4   4.1330466301e-7  -1.1009394537e-2
  44_1           (30)  1.3481142712e-2   6.4280517854e-4   1.4713187709e-6  -1.2103442471e-2
  46_1           (32)  4.4694794291e-3   1.4883454168e-3   2.3644833952e-6   1.5721113166e-3
  48_1           (32)  1.1130737563e-2   4.8450882920e-4  -1.6510862104e-6   1.4630265046e-3
  50_1           (31)  8.4763091288e-3   1.0883086434e-4   9.1712758329e-7  -5.5864118041e-4
  51_1           (32)  1.4944199059e-2   2.450697776e-4   -2.8283437473e-6   1.4945106511e-4
  53_1           (32)  1.3910303466e-2   3.4172740013e-4  -1.3691189313e-6  -2.1255254705e-3
  55_1           (32)  6.8014008640e-3   1.1531861650e-3  -2.0020125795e-6   1.1410714798e-3
  56_1           (33)  1.2517626809e-2   8.1108907052e-4   3.7872190066e-7  -4.5176222009e-3
  58_1           (33)  1.6319792743e-2   3.8367617062e-4  -9.3400247948e-7  -6.9070472175e-3
  X17_1          (33)  1.7087246890e-2   2.5018727097e-4  -7.9854470212e-7  -7.8186395031e-3
  62_1           (31)  1.8545518133e-2   8.4758872479e-5  -5.9882240024e-7  -1.0094825871e-2
  64_1           (30)  2.1132916026e-2  -8.4524534367e-5  -1.8460928672e-7  -1.2676220107e-2
  66_1           (32)  1.1354464188e-2   8.7840649983e-4  -5.3989278862e-8   1.5023212549e-3
  67_1           (33)  1.5723980896e-2   5.5818159188e-4   4.8707807680e-7  -7.7589769151e-3
  69_1           (34)  1.4101372227e-2   6.0844509702e-4  -1.1537381876e-6   1.0970585001e-3
  71_1           (31)  1.7080867016e-2   3.8066764603e-4  -2.7003763518e-6   4.3505332228e-4
  73_1           (33)  1.9235850708e-2   1.8928766136e-4  -7.9818206862e-7  -8.6271606204e-3
  74_1           (34)  2.4033941887e-2  -5.3761784646e-4  -3.0412762966e-6  -8.5162384097e-3
  76_1           (32)  1.9596836070e-2   1.6094611647e-4  -1.2564144578e-6  -6.0789348597e-3
  77_1           (33)  2.5097320053e-2  -4.4172670651e-4  -4.2140610212e-6  -7.5211666372e-3
  79_1           (31)  1.8944841633e-2   2.2474686044e-4  -9.4559433507e-7  -6.4465271345e-3
  81_1           (33)  1.0772193579e-2   1.0211573501e-3   3.5729065791e-6  -6.4587950227e-3
  83_1           (34)  9.2558005344e-3   1.3835520827e-3  -5.3320326791e-7   1.2209320453e-2
  84_1           (35)  1.3741033402e-2   1.0442928833e-3   9.8949469261e-7  -5.0156732118e-4
  86_1           (35)  3.4387864975e-2  -1.1317622023e-3  -4.2790121263e-6  -1.5226899965e-2
  88_1           (34)  1.7501150773e-2   9.6128641172e-4   6.1250499331e-7  -5.5100209139e-3
  90_1           (35)  2.4016156189e-2   1.1568638088r-4  -1.9997467064r-6  -4.6192746234e-3
  92_1           (36)  2.2801594002e-2   1.4456793205e-4  -7.9206640035e-7  -6.7082483172e-3
  94_1           (34)  2.1276396902e-2   4.0236259781e-4   1.6423691110e-7  -5.0113968514e-3
  96_1           (34)  1.7586577193e-2   9.5413105512e-4   5.3115223152e-7   1.9169914386e-4
  96_1           (34)  2.3281206887e-2   3.6280206888e-4  -7.5538796215e-7  -4.6148055082e-3
  100_1          (35)  1.9607360482e-2   8.1086209461e-4   1.0114462418e-6  -4.0591264022e-3
  X16_1          (34)  2.4020184788e-2   2.4077815879e-4  -1.6624202265e-6   6.1994742333e-4
  104_1          (34)  1.9301698049e-2   9.9716273877e-4   1.1292321372e-6   4.4486781074e-4
  106_1          (33)  3.7074454439e-2  -7.0415113930e-4  -2.2511412520e-6  -1.7511769248e-2
  108_1          (32)  3.1381730648e-2  -2.6022098343e-4  -3.3289196375e-6  -4.4506707340e-3
  110_1          (31)  3.8740835013e-2  -6.7171847217e-4  -1.7338020698e-6  -2.0947323195e-2
  112_1          (31)  2.9851343344e-2   1.3176980732e-4   2.3429241248e-6  -1.7478888940e-3
  114_1          (31)  2.5236481375e-2   4.2515474628e-4  -2.8443737934e-7  -3.3852598730e-3
  116_1          (29)  2.8182488833e-2   4.1209091055e-4  -1.1734305445e-6  -6.1207321567e-3
  118_1          (29)  3.0966553786e-2  -1.8365152495e-4  -4.6695530525e-6   8.7521737225e-4
  120_1          (31)  3.6079776583e-2  -4.4129565615e-4  -1.3487444647e-6  -1.5705749328e-2
  122_1          (33)  2.4804654687e-2   5.5864425693e-4  -1.5070773420e-7  -1.8434122298e-3
  124_1          (31)  3.0218657690e-2  -6.6105450515e-5  -3.8921825260e-6   1.5124071439e-3
  126_1          (33)  1.9627772037e-2   1.0747655389e-3  -1.1455309895e-7   6.8614333372e-3
  128_1          (33)  3.1751674249e-2   2.6634525634e-4   1.5207706274e-6  -1.8176807649e-2
  130_1, 132_1   (59)  2.5135138070e-2   4.6264106890e-4  -1.3233400851e-6   3.2419344331e-4
  134_1          (33)  3.6848282221e-2  -6.9629658189e-4  -5.0952357091e-6  -4.3672708315e-3
  136_1          (29)  2.0365730703e-2   1.2968294124e-3   1.1796185243e-6   6.2962100557e-3
  138_1          (32)  2.5925077770e-2   4.0679558181e-4  -2.2823266346e-6   4.8879748734e-3
  140_1          (32)  3.1645148674e-2   1.7573498412e-4  -5.4619663287e-7  -8.6145005433e-3
  142_1          (33)  3.8874259815e-2  -5.9068769855e-4  -5.1241960385e-6  -6.1837227227e-3
  144_1          (33)  3.6412320564e-2  -3.4000701047e-4  -3.9279452812e-6  -4.9847908143e-3
  146_1          (33)  2.2070939078e-2   9.4495827134e-4  -1.4157172415e-6   1.1513223600e-2

 Leg 2a:
  146_2          (25)  3.4314628587e-2  -9.3087500529e-4  -5.1774381094e-6  -1.5863348468e-3
  148_1          (22)  3.2787911160e-2  -1.8951084925e-3  -3.3737557039e-6  -2.9190789136e-3
  150_1-153_1    (64)  2.5939275226e-2   5.8341284881e-4   2.4271007242e-6   4.8524650166e-4
  154_1-157_1    (58)  2.8993026397e-2   4.1358222390e-4   4.6262134422e-7  -3.8917174759e-3
  159_1          (29)  2.3671436937e-2   6.0668908919e-4  -1.6050283868e-8   7.8797883704e-3
  161_1          (33)  1.7959585689e-2   1.4591104937e-3   4.7421483103e-6   3.7108799009e-3
  163_1          (32)  3.3039432219e-2   2.7056495638e-4   2.3740557128e-6  -9.3147770455e-3
  165_1          (33)  4.2098350448e-2  -5.0218598391e-4  -2.8123331458e-6  -4.8009569225e-3
  167_1          (33)  3.7764962871e-2  -6.0439598978e-5  -8.9579324600e-6  -5.3543364649e-3
  169_1          (32)  2.3366472536e-2   1.5811519737e-3   3.7498971967e-6   6.9415934824e-3
  171_1          (30)  3.2743285288e-2   7.8562913198e-4   2.5525877190e-6  -5.7288474494e-3
  173_1          (32)  3.6955509296e-2   1.3047463430e-4   5.4386804400e-7  -4.3942727261e-3
  175_1          (33)  4.0412229604e-2  -2.3744782362e-4  -6.7955266657e-7  -5.4708075570e-3
  177_1          (32)  4.6038615178e-2  -6.5919437663e-4  -3.6095984231e-6  -4.6795688138e-3
  179_1          (32)  4.7738138295e-2  -6.4931578091e-4  -3.4784044639e-6  -6.8768481257e-3
  181_1          (33)  3.0680150470e-2   1.0156732020e-3   1.5896924638e-6   6.0376304730e-3
  183_1          (33)  3.0927480026e-2   8.7281771302e-4   1.1434245322e-6   5.8615454707e-3
  185_1          (33)  3.6961229943e-2   4.7267257934e-4   1.7753732215e-6  -2.0386870435e-3
  187_1          (33)  4.4041803780e-2  -3.0653791419e-4  -4.9529632456e-7  -4.8585260781e-3
  189_1          (35)  4.1230624896e-2  -2.3475304483e-4  -9.0027846510e-7   5.9346596474e-4
  191_1          (35)  4.2873626830e-2   9.7286236144e-5  -8.4617114359e-7  -2.4650686939e-3
  193_1          (36)  3.9442648834e-2   3.5370315306e-4   1.3825964189e-7   2.4706505339e-3
  195_1          (35)  4.0231962682e-2   4.0194034466e-4   3.0879060666e-8   1.5214770553e-3
  197_1          (35)  4.9305465420e-2  -4.1553546611e-4  -1.2071765611e-6  -5.2369019988e-3
  X14_1          (35)  4.8649246131e-2  -2.3252931062e-4   1.1713381440e-6  -1.2685843191e-2
  201_1          (35)  4.5284704927e-2  -8.2615636615e-5  -6.2012793313e-7  -7.1027511901e-4
  203_1          (35)  4.7552939186e-2  -4.8590730975e-5   1.7025056715e-6  -1.0853698496e-2
  205_1          (36)  4.3741241447e-2   2.5572741624e-4  -5.4911817903e-7   2.0157911802e-3
  207_1          (36)  5.7273010477e-2  -8.4596838497e-4  -2.8849689879e-6  -7.8158037303e-3
  209_1          (35)  5.3815950683e-2  -4.7418286785e-4  -5.3271208808e-7  -1.0658556788e-2
  211_1          (35)  4.9668992028e-2  -3.3559334921e-4  -2.2789914830e-6   1.6589818767e-3
  213_1          (36)  4.4632934294e-2   1.6278162093e-4   4.2187340843e-8   9.6870681172e-4
  215_1          (36)  5.5441477813e-2  -5.5603708022e-4  -1.2903845758e-6  -9.1761021056e-3
  217_1          (36)  4.4606439334e-2   7.9483025294e-4   2.0501362639e-6  -4.8188980107e-3
  WC0_1          (32)  5.5269865276e-2  -4.7098937472e-4  -2.9910876150e-6  -1.5292206654e-3
  WC1_1          (35)  7.5738327199e-2  -1.7994997437e-3  -3.0389895056e-6  -3.2843242964e-2
  WC2_1          (34)  5.2966630242e-2  -4.1723074942e-4  -3.5368895693e-6   1.9405918433e-3
  WC3_1          (36)  7.4004798635e-2  -1.8761873194e-3  -4.1685886695e-6  -2.4790244089e-2
  WC4_1          (36)  5.0829528972e-2  -2.6199986394e-4  -1.4437585540e-6  -2.0612940486e-3
  WC5_1          (35)  6.0278043794e-2  -8.2511933755e-4  -1.4142267198e-6  -1.4181791492e-2
  WC6_1          (36)  6.1475221525e-2  -9.8736797630e-4  -3.5722125876e-6  -8.5024898299e-3
  WC7_1          (36)  5.8888850329e-2  -8.1411320495e-4  -2.2600006743e-6  -9.1651772015e-3
  WC8_1          (36)  5.2525433623e-2  -3.2445960541e-4  -1.3361085098e-6  -2.3393469061e-3
  WC9_1          (36)  4.7383116804e-3   1.1773826217e-3   4.1229638265e-6  -4.5298972869e-3
  WC10_1         (32)  1.8037240627e-2   1.1209367205e-4  -1.7493706458e-6  -6.8355346588e-3
 
 Leg 2b:
  217_2          (34)  1.3859683202e-2   8.7865744863e-4   2.1575656745e-6  -1.2261575788e-2
  219_1          (36)  1.3074798332e-2   8.0970975722e-4   1.5084214045e-6  -5.4274390121e-3
  221_1          (36)  2.3184695947e-2  -5.9719556684e-5   9.6208770650e-8  -1.4418283950e-2
  223_1          (36)  2.4106582742e-2  -4.4805055833e-5  -2.2718214043e-6  -5.7829858128e-3
  225_1          (36)  2.1266719121e-2   2.7658412180e-4  -2.3675746915e-6  -1.2249768897e-4
  227_1          (36)  3.1227181589e-2  -6.0691044587e-4  -2.6756225964e-6  -1.1247862730e-2
  229_1-23_1     (70)  2.4632852068e-2   2.0144398223e-4  -2.8192616115e-7  -9.3271646280e-3
  233_1          (36)  2.5698457819e-2   4.4026259921e-5  -2.1031541932e-6  -4.2830342568e-3
  X13_1          (36)  2.3670576933e-2   3.2769060768e-4   6.9031178357e-7  -1.0698361026e-2
  237_1          (36)  1.8880629571e-2   2.3204631835e-4  -3.2461564835e-6   1.1038409710e-2
  239_1          (36)  1.8186891316e-2   6.0112097624e-4  -1.4100636286e-6   5.1951553512e-3
  241_1          (34)  1.9306988158e-2   7.1495272321e-4  -6.1293787337e-7   2.1737786791e-3
  243_1          (25)  2.7452283092e-2  -1.1306367268e-5  -2.0174062086e-6  -7.2829365708e-3
  245_1          (33)  2.8607681486e-2  -1.5693228943e-4  -1.6035097568e-6  -9.9751279706e-3
  247_1          (35)  2.3406903498e-2   2.2634888584e-4  -1.2428838346e-6   2.8028712675e-3
  249_1          (30)  2.4379344567e-2   1.7624386839e-4  -6.0417727965e-7  -4.7733548727e-3
  251_1          (36)  3.5037057890e-2  -4.4864770263e-4   1.0101907361e-6  -2.4883695670e-2
  253_1          (36)  2.4737209429e-2   6.5386249491e-5  -3.6891334773e-6   3.8676579842e-3
  255_1          (36)  2.5204948867e-2   2.1148221671e-4  -1.6627604637e-6  -2.8852759960e-3
  257_1          (35)  2.8147353031e-2   2.4518110139e-4   7.2327710002e-7  -1.4255861726e-2
  259_1          (35)  2.5991896341e-2   2.6037276039e-4  -1.0456864393e-6  -5.5426444388e-3
  261_1          (32)  2.2628837230e-2   7.5988075820e-4  -4.1655542103e-7  -2.7188889288e-3
  263_1          (34)  1.9820650775e-2   5.3416060580e-4  -3.7524950179e-6   1.2251561256e-2
  265_1          (35)  2.7649119002e-2   9.6611670814e-5  -3.3745623692e-6   1.8094666686e-4
  267_1          (36)  2.5889555278e-2   2.3810926839e-4  -1.4902513772e-6  -3.1345608292e-3
  269_1          (35)  2.1537866427e-2   5.7684341816e-4  -5.3150780999e-7   1.2250063549e-3
  271_1          (34)  3.4828346976e-2  -5.6474346490e-4  -5.3330785639e-6  -3.1602764225e-3
  273_1          (33)  2.6291484155e-2   5.7527391628e-4   8.1295727807e-7  -9.2704985927e-2
  X10_1          (36)  3.5553664861e-2  -3.0585410534e-5  -2.8516682561e-7  -1.8883963792e-2
  275_1          (36)  2.9512580596e-2   2.7084784103e-4   2.7658918385e-7  -1.3176498089e-2
  277_1          (36)  3.2869124611e-2  -1.5631215638e-4  -3.0053837187e-6  -5.8748364848e-3
  279_1          (36)  2.8614311784e-2   3.2363073786e-4  -1.2661986058e-6  -6.1863453418e-3
  281_1          (36)  2.8390077921e-2   2.0887458832e-4  -3.4246497985e-6   1.0895303144e-4
  283_1          (36)  3.3715138680e-2  -2.5486483162e-5  -1.3087010034e-6  -1.1668278730e-2
  285_1          (35)  4.4223880210e-2  -9.6428011720e-4  -2.6560586416e-6  -2.1032712908e-2
  287_1          (35)  2.6985592235e-2   3.9370057732e-4  -2.1485456457e-6  -1.2372384187e-4
  289_1          (33)  3.1648346109e-2   1.0209081769e-4  -2.9449735995e-6  -5.1844643144e-3
  291_1          (32)  2.1071386983e-2   9.6682327066e-4   8.6254878867e-7   4.0345079093e-4
  293_1          (36)  2.8015344500e-2   4.3547755860e-4  -2.0634560709e-7  -8.0107976193e-3
  295_1          (31)  2.1827713280e-2   8.3899007041e-4  -3.9382326997e-6   1.3688594235e-2
  297_1-305_1   (105)  2.7773001546e-2   5.3712710561e-4   1.5328461785e-6  -6.4399478014e-3
  306_1-312_1    (82)  2.8855216555e-2   4.0256345493e-4  -1.5020063602e-6  -2.9411348970e-3
  314_1          (32)  2.8381615612e-2   5.1649089138e-4  -1.0137338402e-6  -4.7646204413e-3
  316_1          (33)  2.7050171946e-2   1.1394910474e-3   1.8692788304e-6  -1.2415273138e-2
  318_1          (33)  3.2008771737e-2   7.7384707595e-5  -4.6814092805e-6   2.0662254975e-4
  X09_1          (29)  3.7365751198e-2  -3.6171414553e-4  -2.5528770211e-6  -1.1621187407e-2
  322_1          (28)  3.1994634299e-2   3.4390392314e-4  -4.5403354019e-7  -1.0745791088e-2
  324_1          (34)  3.3294243001e-2   4.4030381498e-5  -3.3439134505e-6  -5.4361571929e-3
  326_1          (32)  3.5898295823e-2  -1.4000676176e-4  -3.2516563294e-6  -9.0008117504e-3
  328_1          (33)  3.5788937582e-2  -2.3402600597e-5  -2.3402600597e-5  -9.3382310020e-3
  329_1          (32)  4.2977005787e-2  -7.4179814417e-4  -3.9768295833e-6  -1.6326476855e-2
  331_1          (31)  4.6514831613e-2  -1.0118166177e-3  -2.1244413320e-6  -2.4699312293e-2
  333_1          (29)  3.1668688954e-2   3.1526164252e-4  -2.1655040828e-6  -5.4802508657e-3
  335_1-339_1    (72)  2.8426491060e-2   7.0598619161e-4  -1.0388347171e-8  -3.9515056753e-3
  341_1          (31)  2.9990461926e-2   5.1622503234e-4  -7.3588786235e-7  -6.3253881314e-3
  343_1          (29)  3.0898134526e-2   4.8361719865e-4  -3.4659105792e-7  -7.8545493062e-3
  347_1          (33)  3.6806813506e-2  -4.5030400280e-4  -2.9333374736e-6  -1.0612626829e-2
  349_1          (36)  3.2716863609e-2   6.1559624613e-4  -3.2628342407e-6  -3.8115855611e-3
  351_1          (36)  4.3360572024e-2  -6.0097470278e-4  -3.6958898061e-6  -1.5120605017e-2
  369_1-359_1   (105)  3.0037218808e-2   4.5359665354e-4  -1.2846640466e-6  -4.3799960663e-3
  357_1          (32)  3.4594812288e-2  -4.3505352461e-4  -3.3943737245e-6  -5.7232208372e-3
  355_1          (36)  3.4943624686e-2   5.0034863107e-5  -1.2519124546e-6  -1.0984065650e-2
  353_1,351_2    (69)  3.7404467500e-2   1.0345046957e-5  -1.3470606487e-6  -1.2981773806e-2

 Leg 3:
  370_1-TS1_1   (320)  3.8115006786e-2   4.4123814357e-4   2.1389358081e-7  -1.1949938654e-2
_____________________________________________________________________________________________


(6.5) Oxygen optode

The optode oxygen is calibrated by the Stern-Volmer equation, according to a 
method by Uchida et al. (submitted manuscript):

    O2(μmol/l) = (τ(0)/τ - 1)/K(sv)

where τ is decay time, τ(0) is decay time in the absence of oxygen and K(sv) is 
Stern-Volmer constant. The τ(0) and the Ksv are assumed to be functions of 
temperature as follows.

    K(sv) = C(11) + C(12) X t + C(13) X t2
    τ(0)  = C(21) + C(22) X t
    τ     = C(31) + C(32) X P(b)

where t is CTD temperature (°C) and P(b) is raw phase measurement (deg). The 
calibration coefficients (C(11), C(12), C(13), C(21), C(22), C(31), and 
C(32)) are determined for post-cruise calibration. The best fit sets of 
coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation from 
the bottle oxygen data. The FORTRAN subroutine DMINF1 of the Scientific 
Subroutine Library II (Fujitsu Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan) is used to determine 
the sets. For compensation of the pressure response of the sensing foil, the 
oxygen concentration is multiplied by the following factor 1 + 0.032 X 
P(r)/1000, where P(r) is pressure in dbar.

The calibration is performed for the up-cast phase data created by the 
software module ROSSUM after the post-cruise calibration for the CTD 
temperature and salinity.

The calibration coefficients are determined for Leg.1 and Leg.2 to 3. The 
results of the post-cruise calibration for the optode oxygen are summarized 
in Table 3.1.9 and shown in from Figure 3.1.26 and Figure 3.1.5.21. And the 
calibration coefficients and number of the data used for the calibration are 
listed in Table 3.1.10.


TABLE 3.1.9. Difference between the optode oxygen and the bottle oxygen after 
             the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) 
             are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. Number of 
             data (Num) used is also shown.

     _________________________________________________________________
     
              Pressure ≥ 950 dbar            Pressure < 950 dbar
                      Mean       Sdev                Mean       Sdev  
      Leg      Num   (μmol/kg)  (μmol/kg)    Num   (μmol/kg)  (μmol/kg)
      -------  ----  ---------  ---------    ----  ---------  --------
      Leg.1    1319    -0.11       0.38      1013     0.04       0.86
      Leg.2/3  2365    -0.01       0.35      2004    -0.01       0.90
     _________________________________________________________________


TABLE 3.1.10. Calibration coefficients for the optode oxygen. Number of data 
              used (Num) for the calibration and mean absolute deviation 
              (ADEV) between the optode oxygen and the bottle oxygen are also 
              shown.
              ______________________________________________________

               Leg.1     Num    = 2332,        ADEV  = 0.41 μmol/kg
               --------  -----  -------------  
                         C(11)  =  3.05627e-3
                         C(12)  =  1.40559e-4
                         C(13)  =  2.14264e-6
                         C(21)  = 61.1209
                         C(22)  =  9.86981e-2
                         C(31)  = -8.48263
                         C(32)  =  1.10631

                Leg.2/3  Num    = 4369,        ADEV  = 0.45 μmol/kg
               --------  -----  -------------  
                         C(11)  =  2.85451e-3
                         C(12)  =  1.30281e-4
                         C(13)  =  2.00579e-6
                         C(21)  = 61.6282
                         C(22)  =  0.101157
                         C(31)  = -7.42425
                         C(32)  =  1.11110
              ______________________________________________________



REFERENCES

Uchida, H., K. Ohyama, S. Ozawa, and M. Fukasawa (2007): In-situ calibration 
    of the Sea-Bird 9plus CTD thermometer, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. (in 
    press)

Uchida, H., T. Kawano, I. Kaneko, and M. Fukasawa: In-situ calibration of 
    optode-based oxygen sensors, submitted to J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 
    (accepted)



3.2  BOTTLE SALINITY
     September 7, 2007

(1) Personnel

Takeshi Kawano  (JAMSTEC)
Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ)
Naoko Takahashi (MWJ)
Tatsuya Tanaka  (MWJ)

(2) Objectives

Bottle salinities were measured to compare with CTD salinities for 
identifying leaking bottles and for calibrating CTD salinities.


(3)  INSTRUMENT AND METHOD

(3.1) Salinity Sample Collection

The bottles in which the salinity samples are collected and stored are 250 ml 
Phoenix brown glass bottles with screw caps. Each bottle was rinsed three 
times with sample water and was filled to the shoulder of the bottle. The 
caps were also thoroughly rinsed. Salinity samples were stored more than 12 
hours in the same laboratory as where the salinity measurement was made.

(3.2) Instruments and Method

The salinity analysis was carried out on Guildline Autosal salinometer model 
8400B (S/N 62556), which was modified by attaching an Ocean Science 
International peristaltic-type sample intake pump and two Guildline platinum 
thermometers model 9450. One thermometer monitored an ambient temperature and 
the other monitored a bath temperature. The resolution of the thermometers 
was 0.001 degrees C. The measurement system was almost same as Aoyama et al 
(2003). The salinometer was operated in an air-conditioned laboratory of the 
ship at a bath temperature of 24 degrees C.

An ambient temperature varied from approximately 19 degrees C to 24 degrees 
C, while a bath temperature was very stable and varied within +/- 0.002 
degrees C on rare occasion. A measure of a double conductivity ratio of a 
sample is taken as a median of thirty-one reading. Data collection was 
started after 5 seconds and it took about 10 seconds to collect 31 readings 
by a personal computer. Data were sampled for the sixth and seventh filling 
of the cell for Leg.1 and the eighth and ninth filling for Leg.2 and Leg.3. 
In the case where the difference between the double conductivity ratio of 
this two fillings is smaller than 0.00002, the average value of the two 
double conductivity ratios is used to calculate the bottle salinity with the 
algorithm for practical salinity scale, 1978 (UNESCO, 1981). If the 
difference is greater than or equal to 0.00003, we measure another additional 
filling of the cell. In the case where the double conductivity ratio of the 
additional filling does not satisfy the criteria above, we measure two other 
fillings of the cell and the median of the double conductivity ratios of five 
fillings are used to calculate the bottle salinity.

The measurement was conducted for about 10 to 18 hours per day (typically 
from 3:00 to 17:00) and the cell was cleaned with ethanol or soap or both 
after the measurement of the day. We measured more than 8,000 samples in 
total.


(4) Preliminary Result

(4.1) Stand Seawater

Leg.1

Standardization control was set to 501 and all measurements were done by this 
setting. STNBY was 5517 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We used IAPSO 
Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 0.99981 (double 
conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. We measured 117 
bottles of P145 during routine measurement. There were 5 bad bottles which 
conductivities are extremely high. Data of these 5 bottles are not taken into 
consideration hereafter.

Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the equation obtained by 
the least square method (solid lines). Correction for the double conductivity 
ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the drift (Figure 3.2.2). 
After correction, the average of double conductivity ratio became 1.99961 and 
the standard deviation was 0.00012, which is equivalent to 0.0002 in 
salinity. We added 0.00001 to the corrected measured double conductivity 
ratio.

Leg.2

Standardization control was set to 474 before WIPE (Wake Islands passage Flux 
Experiment). STNBY was 5498 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We removed 
the conductivity cell and washed it thoroughly with soap. Then, 
standardization control was changed to 479. STNBY became 5501 ±0001 and ZERO 
was 0.00001 ±0.00001.

We used IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 
0.99981 (double conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. 
We measured 54 bottles of P145 during routine measurement before WIPE and 109 
bottles after WIPE. There were 2 bad bottles whose conductivities were 
extremely high. Data of these 2 bottles are not taken into consideration 
hereafter.

Figure 3.2.3 shows the history of double conductivity ratio of the Standard 
Seawater batch P145. Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the 
equation obtained by the least square method (solid lines). Correction for 
the double conductivity ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the 
drift (Figure 3.2.4). After correction, the average of double conductivity 
ratio became 1.99962 and the standard deviation was 0.00012 before WIPE and 
0.00011 after WIPE, those are equivalent to 0.0002 in salinity. We added 
0.000021 before WIPE and 0.000012 after WIPE to the corrected measured double 
conductivity ratio.

Leg.3

Standardization control was set to 484 and all the measurements were done by 
this setting. STNBY was 5505 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We used 
IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 0.99981 
(double conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. We 
measured 25 bottles of P145 during routine measurement.

Figure 3.2.5 shows the history of double conductivity ratio of the Standard 
Seawater batch P145. Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the 
equation obtained by the least square method (solid lines). Correction for 
the double conductivity ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the 
drift (Figure 3.2.6). After correction, the average of double conductivity 
ratio became 1.99962 and the standard deviation was 0.00014, which is 
equivalent to 0.0003 in salinity. We added 0.000004 to the corrected measured 
double conductivity ratio.

(4.2) Sub-Standard Seawater

We also used sub-standard seawater which was a deep-sea water filtered by 
pore size of 0.45 micrometer and was stored in a 20 liter cubitainer made of 
polyethylene and stirred for at least 24 hours before measuring. It was 
measured every six samples in order to check possible sudden drift of the 
salinometer. During the whole measurements, there was no detectable sudden 
drift of the salinometer.

(4.3) Replicate and Duplicate Samples

Leg.1

We took 435 pairs of replicate and 27 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 
3.2.7 (a) and (b) shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each 
pair the replicate samples and that of the duplicate samples, respectively. 
There were 2 bad measurements in the replicate samples. Particularly, one of 
the pair was extremely high (more than 0.01in salinity). Excluding these bad 
measurements, the standard deviation of the absolute difference in 433 pairs 
of the replicate samples was 0.00017 in salinity and that in 27 pairs of the 
duplicate samples was 0.00032 in salinity.

Leg.2

We took 668 pairs of replicate and 20 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 
3.2.8 (a) and (b) shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each 
pair of the replicate samples and that of the duplicate samples, 
respectively. There were 3 questionable measurements in the replicate 
samples. Excluding these questionable measurements, the standard deviation of 
the absolute difference in 665 pairs of the replicate samples was 0.00017 in 
salinity and that in 20 pairs of the duplicate samples was 0.00025 in 
salinity.

Leg.3

We took 48 pairs of replicate and 3 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 3.2.9 
shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each pair of the 
replicate samples. There was one bad (miss-trip) sample for duplicates. The 
standard deviation of the absolute difference of 48 pairs of the replicate 
samples was 0.00011 in salinity. The absolute differences in salinity between 
2 duplicate samples were 0.0002 and 0.0007.

The results of replicate samples were averaged and flagged as 6 in the 
seafile.


REFERENCES

Aoyama, M., T. Joyce, T. Kawano and Y. Takatsuki : Standard seawater 
    comparison up to P129. Deep-Sea Research, I , Vol. 49, 1103~1114, 2002

UNESCO : Tenth report of the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and 
    Standards. UNESCO Tech. Papers in Mar. Sci ., 36, 25 pp., 198



3.3 BOTTLE OXYGEN
    May 1, 2007

(1) Personnel

Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC)
Ikuo Kaneko       (JAMSTEC)
Takayoshi Seike   (MWJ)
Keisuke Wataki    (MWJ)
Kimiko Nishijima  (MWJ)
Takuhei Shiozaki  (MWJ)

(2) Objectives

Dissolved oxygen is one of significant tracers for ocean circulation study. 
Recent studies on the subarctic North Pacific indicated that dissolved oxygen 
concentration in intermediate layers decreased in basin wide scale during the 
past decades. The causes of the decrease, however, are still unclear. During 
MR05-05 Leg.1 (from 31-Oct-05 to 24-Nov-05), Leg.2 (from 27-Nov-05 to 17-Jan-
06), and Leg.3 (from 20-Jan-06 to 30-Jan-06), we measured dissolved oxygen 
concentration from surface to bottom layers at all the hydrocast stations 
along around 24°N. These stations were the reoccupation of the WHP-P03 
stations in 1985. Our purpose is to evaluate change of dissolved oxygen in 
the subtropical North Pacific between 1985 and 2005/2006.

(3) Reagents

Pickling Reagent I: Manganous chloride solution (3 M)
Pickling Reagent II: Sodium hydroxide (8 M) / sodium iodide solution (4 M)
Sulfuric acid solution (5 M)
Sodium thiosulfate (0.025 M)
Potassium iodate (0.001667 M)
CSK standard of potassium iodate: Lot ASE8281, Wako Pure Chemical Industries 
    Ltd., 0.0100 N

(4) Instruments

Burette for sodium thiosulfate;
    APB-510 manufactured by Kyoto Electronic Co. Ltd./10 cm^3 of titration 
    vessel
Burette for potassium iodate;
    APB-410 manufactured by Kyoto Electronic Co. Ltd./20 cm^3 of titration 
    vessel
Detector; Automatic photometric titrator manufactured, Kimoto Electronic Co. 
    Ltd.

(5) Seawater sampling

Following procedure is based on a determination method in the WHP Operations 
Manual (Dickson, 1996). Seawater samples were collected from Niskin sampler 
bottles attached to the CTD-system. Seawater for bottle oxygen measurement 
was transferred from the Niskin sampler bottle to a volume calibrated glass 
flask (ca. 100 cm^3). Three times volume of the flask of seawater was 
overflowed. Sample temperature was measured by a thermometer during the 
overflowing. Then two reagent solutions (Reagent I, II) of 0.5 cm^3 each were
added immediately into the sample flask and the stopper was inserted 
carefully into the flask. The sample flask was then shaken vigorously to mix 
the contents and to disperse the precipitate finely throughout. After the
precipitate has settled at least halfway down the flask, the flask was shaken 
again vigorously to disperse the precipitate. The sample flasks containing 
pickled samples were stored in a laboratory until they were titrated.

(6) Sample measurement

At least two hours after the re-shaking, the pickled samples were measured on 
board. A magnetic stirrer bar and 1 cm^3 sulfuric acid solution were added 
into the sample flask and stirring began. Samples were titrated by sodium 
thiosulfate solution whose molarity was determined by potassium iodate 
solution (section 3.3.7). Temperature of sodium thiosulfate during titration 
was recorded by a thermometer. We measured dissolved oxygen concentration 
using two sets of the titration apparatus, named DOT-1 and DOT-3. Dissolved 
oxygen concentration (μmol kg^(-1)) was calculated by the sample temperature 
during the sampling, CTD salinity, flask volume, and titrated volume of the 
sodium thiosulfate solution.

(7) Standardization

Concentration of sodium thiosulfate titrant (ca. 0.025 M) was determined by 
potassium iodate solution. Pure potassium iodate was dried in an oven at 
13°C. 1.7835 g potassium iodate accurately weighed out was dissolved
in deionized water and diluted to final volume of 5 dm^3 in a calibrated 
volumetric flask (0.001667 M). 10 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate 
solution was added to a flask using a volume-calibrated dispenser. Then, 90 
cm^3 of deionized water, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of 
pickling reagent solution II and I were added into the flask in order. Amount 
of titrated volume of sodium thiosulfate (usually 5 times measurements 
average) gave the molarity of the sodium thiosulfate titrant. Table 3.3.1 
shows the result of the standardization during this cruise. Error (C.V.) of 
the standardization was 0.02±0.01%, c.a. 0.05 μmol kg^(-1).

(8) Determination of the blank

The oxygen in the pickling reagents I (0.5 cm^3) and II (0.5 cm^3) was 
assumed to be 3.8 x 10-8 mol (Murray et al., 1968). The blank from the 
presence of redox species apart from oxygen in the reagents (the pickling 
reagents I, II, and the sulfuric acid solution) was determined as follows. 1 
cm^3 and 2 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution were added to two 
flasks, respectively. Then 100 cm^3 of deionized water, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric 
acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each were 
added into the two flasks in order. The blank was determined by difference 
between the two times of the first (1 cm^3 of KIO(3)) titrated volume of the 
sodium thiosulfate and the second (2 cm^3 of KIO(3)) one. The results of 3 
times blank determinations were averaged (Table 3.3.1). The averaged blank of 
DOT-1 and DOT-3 during the whole legs were -0.009 and -0.005 cm^3, 
respectively.


TAble 3.3.1. Results of the standardization and the blank determinations 
             during MR05-05.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Date           KIO(3)                 DOT-1 (cm^3)                DOT-3 (cm^3)        
 (UTC)       #  bottle       Na(2)S(2)O(3)  E.P.   blank   Na(2)S(2)O(3)  E.P.   blank   Samples (Stations)
 ----------  -  -----------  -------------  -----  ------  -------------  -----  ------  --------------------
 2005/10/30  1  20050829-25  20051028-3     3.960  -0.010  20051028-4     3.961  -0.005  1-16
 2005/11/02     20050829-26  20051028-3     3.961  -0.010  20051028-4     3.959  -0.004  18-26
 2005/11/03     20050829-27  20051031-1     3.960  -0.011  20051031-2     3.961  -0.005  28-34
 2005/11/04     20050829-28  20051031-1     3.960  -0.009  20051031-2     3.959   0.000  36-44
 2005/11/06     20050829-29  20051031-3     3.960  -0.011  20051031-4     3.960  -0.008  46-53
 2005/11/07     20050829-30  20051031-3     3.958  -0.008  20051031-4     3.958  -0.004  55-58,X17,62
 2005/11/09     20050829-31  20051105-1     3.960  -0.012  20051105-2     3.960  -0.006  64-73
 2005/11/11  2  20050829-37  20051105-3     3.960  -0.011  20051105-4     3.963  -0.004  74-81
 2005/11/12     20050829-38  20051105-3     3.960  -0.010  20051105-4     3.960  -0.008  83-90
 2005/11/14     20050829-39  20051112-1     3.962  -0.009  20051112-2     3.964  -0.005  92-100
 2005/11/15     20050829-40  20051112-1     3.960  -0.010  20051112-2     3.963  -0.004  X16,104-110
 2005/11/17     20050829-41  20051112-3     3.963  -0.010  20051112-4     3.963  -0.006  112-120
 2005/11/18     20050829-42  20051112-3     3.963  -0.009  20051112-4     3.964  -0.004  122-130
 2005/11/20     20050829-43  20051116-1     3.957  -0.010  20051116-2     3.958  -0.007  132-140
 2005/11/21     20050829-44  20051116-1     3.957  -0.009  20051116-2     3.959  -0.005  142-146
 2005/11/30  3  20050830-49  20051128-1     3.960  -0.011  20051128-2     3.961  -0.005  146(2)-153
 2005/12/01     20050829-50  20051128-1     3.959  -0.010  20051128-2     3.958  -0.005  154-163
 2005/12/02     20050829-51  20051128-3     3.961  -0.009  20051128-4     3.961  -0.006  165-173
 2005/12/03     20050829-52  20051128-3     3.959  -0.010  20051128-4     3.959  -0.005  175-183
 2005/12/05     20050829-53  20051203-1     3.960  -0.010  20051203-2     3.960  -0.008  185-193
 2005/12/07     20050829-54  20051203-1     3.960  -0.009  20051203-2     3.960  -0.006  195,197,X14, 201,203
 2005/12/09     20050829-55  20051203-3     3.959  -0.010  20051203-4     3.960  -0.005  205-213
 2005/12/11     20050829-56  20051203-3     3.961  -0.010  20051203-4     3.960  -0.004  215,217
 2005/12/16  4  20050829-61  20051211-1     3.963  -0.009  20051211-2     3.966  -0.005  WC0-WC4
 2005/12/17     20050829-62  20051211-1     3.962  -0.008  20051211-2     3.960  -0.007  WC5-WC10
 2005/12/20     20050829-63  20051211-3     3.961  -0.010  20051211-4     3.962  -0.003  217(2)-225
 2005/12/22     20050829-64  20051211-3     3.964  -0.010  20051211-4     3.964  -0.006  227-233,X13
 2005/12/24     20050829-65  20051223-1     3.964  -0.008  20051223-2     3.963  -0.005  237-245
 2005/12/25     20050829-66  20051223-1     3.964  -0.009  20051223-2     3.963  -0.004  247-253
 2005/12/27     20050829-67  20051223-3     3.965  -0.011  20051223-4     3.965  -0.005  255-263
 2005/12/28     20050829-68  20051223-3     3.963  -0.007  20051223-4     3.964  -0.003  265-273
 2005/12/30  5  20050829-73  20051229-1     3.964  -0.010  20051229-2     3.964  -0.006  X10,275-279
 2006/01/01     20050829-74  20051229-1     3.964  -0.007  20051229-2     3.965  -0.005  281-289
 2006/01/03     20050829-75  20051229-3     3.965  -0.010  20051229-4     3.963  -0.007  291-299
 2006/01/04     20050829-76  20051229-3     3.966  -0.010  20051229-4     3.966  -0.006  301-312
 2006/01/05     20050829-77  20060105-1     3.961  -0.007  20060105-2     3.961  -0.004  314-318,X09,322
 2006/01/07     20050829-78  20060105-1     3.961  -0.009  20060105-2     3.961  -0.002  324-333
 2006/01/10     20050829-79  20060105-3     3.959  -0.008  20060105-4     3.960  -0.005  335-343
 2006/01/11     20050829-80  20060105-3     3.962  -0.009  20060105-4     3.962  -0.005  345-351
 2006/01/12  6  20050829-85  20060112-1     3.965  -0.011  20060112-2     3.966  -0.005  369-355
 2006/01/14     20050829-86  20060112-1     3.963  -0.009  20060112-2     3.966  -0.004  353,351(2)
 2006/01/20  6  20050829-88  20060112-3     3.968  -0.009  20060112-4     3.970  -0.004  370-389
 2006/01/23     20050829-89  20060112-3     3.967  -0.006  20060112-4     3.967  -0.006  390-408
 2006/01/25     20050829-90  20060120-1     3.964  -0.008  20060120-2     3.969  -0.001  TS7- TS1
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                 # Batch number of the KIO3 standard solution.


(9) Reagent blank

The blank determined in section 3.3.8, pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) can be 
represented by equation 1,
                V(blk, dw) = V(blk, ep) + V(blk, reg)                     (1)
where
    V(blk, ep)  = blank due to differences between the measured end-point and 
                  the equivalence point;
    V(blk, reg) = blank due to oxidants or reductants in the reagent.

Here, the reagent blank (V(blk, reg)) was determined by following procedure. 
1 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution and 100 cm3 of deionized 
water were added to two flasks each. 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 
0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each were added into the first 
flask in order. Then, two times volume of the reagents (2 cm^3 of sulfuric 
acid solution, and 1.0 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each) was 
added to the second flask. The reagent blank was determined by difference 
between the first (2 cm^3 of the total reagent volume added) titrated volume 
of the sodium thiosulfate and the second (4 cm^3 of the total reagent volume 
added) one. We also carried out experiments for three and four times volume 
of the reagents. The results are shown in Figure 3.31.

The relation between difference of the titrant (Na(2)S(2)O(3)) volume and the 
volume of the reagents added 

(V(reagent)) is expressed by equation 2,

           Difference of the titrant volume = -0.0009 V(reagent)          (2)

There was no significant difference between the results of DOT-1 and DOT-3. 
V(blk, reg) was estimated to be about -0.002 cm^3, suggesting that about 0.01 
μmol of reductants was contained in every 2 cm^3 of the reagents added.
In other words, the difference of the pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) between 
DOT-1 and DOT-3, determined in the section 3.3.8, was due to the difference 
of the end-point blank ((Vblk, ep)) between the two titration apparatus 
(-0.007 and -0.003 cm^3 for DOT-1 and DOT-3, respectively).

(10) Sample blank

Blank due to redox species other than oxygen in the sample (V(blk, spl)) can 
be a potential source of measurement error. The total blank during the 
seawater measurement, the seawater blank (V(blk, sw)) can be represented by 
equation 3,

                 V(blk, sw) = V(blk, spl) + V(blk, dw)                    (3)

If the pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) that is determined in section 3.3.8 is 
identical both in pure water and in seawater, the difference between the 
seawater blank and the pure water one gives the sample blank (V(blk, spl)).

Here, V(blk, spl) was determined by following procedure. Seawater sample was 
collected in the volume calibrated glass flask (ca. 100 cm^3) without the 
pickling. Then 1 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution, 1 cm^3 of 
sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I 
each were added into the flask in order. Additionally a flask contained 1 
cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution, 100 cm^3 of deionized water,
1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution 
II and I was prepared. The difference of the titrant volumes of the seawater 
flask and the deionized water one gave the sample blank (V(blk, spl)).

We measured vertical profiles of the sample blank at four stations (Table 
3.3.2) using DOT-1 system. The sample blank ranged from 0.4 to 
0.8 μmol kg^(-1) and its vertical and horizontal variations are small. Our 
Results agree to reported values ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 μmol kg^(-1) 
(Culberson et al., 1991) and our previous results obtained in the western 
North Pacific, reoccupation of WHP-P10 in 2005. Ignorant of the sample blank 
will cause systematic errors in the oxygen calculations, but these errors are 
expected to be the same to all investigators and not to affect the comparison 
of results from different investigators (Culberson, 1994).


TABLE 3.3.2.  Results of the sample blank determinations during MR05-05.

_________________________________________________________________________________

 Station: P03-006     Station: P03-031     Station: P03-136     Station: P03-215
   32.5°N/118.0°W        29.1°N/123.9°W        25.5°N/164.3°W        24.2°N/172.8°E
 CTD    Sample        CTD    Sample        CTD    Sample        CTD    Sample        
 Pres.  blank         Pres.  blank         Pres.  blank         Pres.  blank         
 dbar   μmol/kg-1     dbar   μmol/kg-1     dbar   μmol/kg-1     dbar   μmol/kg-1    
 ----   ---------     ----   ---------     ----   ---------     ----   ---------
    9     0.48          10     0.45           9     0.38          10     0.39
  149     0.71          51     0.50          48     0.38          50     0.40
  249     0.68         101     0.56         100     0.51         100     0.48
  400     0.63         152     0.56         150     0.57         150     0.53
  600     0.74         501     0.63         200     0.64         200     0.63
  800     0.70        1001     0.70         600     0.59         502     0.76
 1003     0.76        2003     0.66        1201     0.52        1003     0.66
 1403     0.69        3001     0.68        2201     0.60        2000     0.69
 1801     0.70        4249     0.73        3251     0.60        3500     0.71
 1867     0.78        4459     0.72        3751     0.62        5002     0.72
_________________________________________________________________________________


(11) Replicate sample measurement

Replicate samples were taken from every CTD cast. Total amount of the 
replicate sample pairs in good measurement (flag=2) was 837. The standard 
deviation of the replicate measurement was 0.08 μmol kg^(-1) and there was no 
significant difference between DOT-1 and DOT-3 measurements. The standard 
deviation was calculated by a procedure (SOP23) in DOE (1994). The difference 
between the replicate sample pairs did not depend on sampling pressure 
(Figure 3.3.2) and measurement date (Figure 3.3.3). The standard deviations 
during Leg.1, Leg.2, and Leg.3 were 0.083 (n=299) and 0.083 (n=493), and 
0.085 μmol kg^(-1) (n=45), respectively. In the hydrographic data sheet, a 
mean of replicate sample pairs is shown with the flag 2.

(12) Duplicate sample measurement

We also collected seawater samples from two Niskin samplers that were 
collected at same depth (duplicate sampling). Total 50 pairs of the duplicate 
samples were taken in deep layers below 800 dbar during all the legs. The 
standard deviation of the total duplicate measurement was 0.10 μmol kg^(-1). 
We concluded that total measurement error of bottle oxygen was less than 0.10 
μmol kg^(-1) during MR05-05 cruise.

(13) CSK standard measurements

The CSK standard solution is commercial potassium iodate solution (0.0100 N) 
for analysis of oxygen in seawater. During the cruises, we measured 
concentration of the CSK standard solution (Lot ASE8281) against our KIO(3) 
standard in order to confirm the accuracy of our oxygen measurement on board 
(Table 3.3.3). Error weighted means of DOT-1 and DOT-3 results were 
0.009999±0.000005 and 0.010002±0.000006 normal (N) respectively, which 
indicates that there was no systematic difference between DOT-1 and DOT-3 
measurements. The averaged value of the CSK standard solution was so close to 
the certified value (0.0100 N) that we did not correct sample measurements 
results using the CSK standard results. Additionally, we also measured the 
same lot (ASE8281) of the CSK standard solution during our previous cruise in 
2005 (MR05-02). Results of the CSK measurements in the both cruises agreed 
well within the errors (less than 0.1%), suggesting that there was no 
systematic difference in the oxygen measurements between MR05-02 and MR05-05.


TABLE 3.3.3. Results of the CSK standard measurements.

_____________________________________________________________________

                               DOT-1                DOT-3
 Date (UTC)  KIO3 batch#  Conc. (N)  error (N)  Conc. (N)  error (N)
 ----------  -----------  ---------  ---------  ---------  ---------
 2005/11/07  ASE8281-1    0.010005   0.000005   0.010006   0.000003
 2005/11/18  ASE8281-2    0.009998   0.000003   0.009993   0.000017
 2005/12/07  ASE8281-3    0.010004   0.000007   0.010001   0.000007
 2005/12/25  ASE8281-4    0.010001   0.000004   0.010005   0.000007
 2006/01/11  ASE8281-5    0.009997   0.000006   0.009998   0.000011
 2006/01/14  ASE8281-6    0.009998   0.000008   0.009997   0.000009
 2006/01/26  ASE8281-7    0.009989   0.000006   0.009990   0.000005
 
      Weighted mean       0.009999   0.000005   0.010002   0.000006
                                 DOT-1                 DOT-2
 Date (UTC)  KIO3 batch#  Conc. (N)  error (N)  Conc. (N)  error (N)
-----------  -----------  ---------  ---------  ---------  ---------
 2005/6/21   ASE8281-0    0.010005   0.000010   0.010002   0.000006
_____________________________________________________________________


(14) Quality control flag assignment

Quality flag values were assigned to oxygen measurements using the code 
defined in Table 0.2 of WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1 Rev.2 section 4.5.2 
(Joyce et al., 1994). Measurement flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable), 4 
(bad), and 5 (missing) have been assigned (Table 3.3.4). The replicate data 
(section 3.3-11) were averaged and flagged 2 if both of them were flagged 2. 
If either of them was flagged 3 or 4, a datum with "younger" flag was 
selected. Thus, we did not use flag of 6 (replicate measurements). For the 
choice between 2, 3, or 4, we basically followed a flagging procedure as 
listed below:

 a. Bottle oxygen concentration and difference between bottle oxygen and CTD 
    oxygen at the sampling were plotted against CTD pressure. Any points not 
    lying on a generally smooth trend were noted.

 b. Dissolved oxygen was then plotted against potential temperature or sigma-
    theta. If a datum deviated from a group of plots, it was flagged 3.

 c. Vertical sections against pressure and potential density were drawn. If a 
    datum was anomalous on the section plots, datum flag was degraded from 2 
    to 3, or from 3 to 4.

 d. If the bottle flag was 4 (did not trip correctly), a datum was flagged 4 
    (bad). In the case of the bottle flag 3 (leaking) or 5 (unknown problem), 
    a datum was flagged based on steps a, b, and c.


TABLE 3.3.4.  Summary of assigned quality control flags.

                  _____________________________________
                  
                   Flag  Definition
                   ----  ----------------------  -----
                    2    Good                    6,698
                    3    Questionable                5
                    4    Bad (Faulty)               10
                    5    Not reported (missing)      4
                   ----------------------------  -----
                                          Total  6,717
                  _____________________________________


(15) Results

(15.1) Comparison at cross-stations during MR05-05

At stations of P03-146, 217, and 351, hydrocast sampling for dissolved oxygen 
was conducted two times at interval of about a week. Dissolved oxygen 
profiles of the two hydrocasts at the three cross-stations agreed well 
(Figure 3.3.4). In the layers deeper than 4,000 dbar, difference of dissolved 
oxygen between the two hydrocasts was calculated to be 0.20 μmol kg^(-1) 
(standard deviation, n=24).

(15.2) Comparison at cross-stations of MR05-05 and MR05-02

During June of 2006, we also conducted another repeat cruise of WHP-P10, 
named MR05-02 cruise, along about 14°E in the western North Pacific. At the 
cross point of MR05-05 and MR05-02, we carried out two cross-stations at 
24.5°N/149.4°E (MR05-02_P10-067 and MR05-05_P03-X10) and 24.2°N/149.0°E 
(MR05-02_P10-X03 and MR05-05_P03-275). Repeat measurements of dissolved 
oxygen at interval of about six months showed that dissolved oxygen decreased 
by 20 μmol kg-1 in deep layers ranged from about 1,500 to 2,500 dbar (Figure
3.3.5). It should also be noted that oxygen concentration also decreased 
slightly (about 2 μmol kg^(-1)) in bottom water below 5,000 dbar at the both 
two cross-stations. As mentioned in section 3.3.15.1, the results at the 
cross-stations during MR05-05 cruise showed that the repeat measurements of 
dissolved oxygen in bottom water agreed within 0.2 μmol kg^(-1). Additionally, 
using the CSK standard solution we ensured traceability of dissolved oxygen 
analyses during MR05-02 and MR05-05 cruises within about 0.1% correspondent 
to about 0.2 μmol kg^(-1) (section 3.3.13). These results indicate that total 
reproducibility of our oxygen measurement is about 0.2 μmol kg^(-1), 
suggesting that observed oxygen decreases of about 2 μmol kg^(-1) in the 
bottom water at the cross-stations are significant. The variability of oxygen 
concentration within six months in the deep and bottom waters implies that 
apparent decadal change of dissolved oxygen derived from repeat hydrography 
should be discussed carefully.

(15.3) Comparison with WHP-P03 oxygen data in 1985

We compared our oxygen data and gridded data of WHP-P03 in 1985 and found 
that our oxygen data were slightly lower than those of WHP-P03. Below 2,000 m 
depth the difference in average is calculated in -2.2± 1.7 μmol kg^(-1) 
(Figure 3.3.6). This "offset" value is closed to reported adjustments, about 
minus 3 μmol kg^(-1) for dissolved oxygen data of WHP-P03 (Johnson et al., 
2001; Gouretski and Jancke, 2001). We here corrected oxygen data of WHP-P03 
by the averaged offset value, 2.2 μmol kg^(-1).

Figure 3.3.7(a) shows distribution of oxygen difference (2005/2006 data minus 
1985 data) agains water depth. Below 1,000 m depth, there were not 
differences more than 5 μmol kg^(-1). The dispersion of the difference in the
deep/bottom water (±1.7 μmol kg^(-1) for 1 sigma) was also independent from 
the sampling depths, suggesting that the dispersion was derived from 
analytical errors and the data gridding. The dispersion of 2 sigma (±3.4 μmol)
and the offset correction of 2.2 μmol kg-1 imply that oxygen differences less 
than 5 μmol kg-1 between 1985 and 2005/06 is not significant. In the layers 
shallower than 1,000 m depth, we found some increases and decreases of 
dissolved oxygen. In order to focus on the shallow variations, the 
differences were plotted against water density (sigma theta) from 24.5 to 
27.5 (approximately correspondent to layers from 200 to1,200 m depth) in 
Figure 3.3.7(b).

We found a significant decrease of dissolved oxygen at the eastern end where 
oxygen concentration was relatively low. This decrease may be due to 
variability of local upwelling. Oxygen increase around 130oW to the 
International Date Line ranged from 25.0 to 26.2 sigma theta implies 
variation of mesoscale eddies. From 160°W to 160°E, around 26.8 sigma theta 
dissolved oxygen decreased, which is similar to the intermediate oxygen
decrease in the subarctic regions in the North Pacific (Emerson et al., 2001; 
Watanabe et al., 2001). The decadal change along around 24oN, however, was 
smaller than that found in the subarctic North Pacific. 


REFERENCES

Culberson, A.H. (1994) Dissolved oxygen, in WHPO Pub. 91-1 Rev. 1 , November 
    1994, Woods Hole, Mass., USA.

Culberson, A.H., G. Knapp, M.C. Stalcup, R.T. Williams, and F. Zemlyak (1991) 
    A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in 
    seawater, WHPO Pub. 91-2 , August 1991, Woods Hole, Mass., USA.

Dickson, A. (1996) Determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water by Winkler 
    titration, in WHPO Pub. 91-1 Rev. 1 , November 1994, Woods Hole, Mass., 
    USA.

DOE (1994) Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of 
    the carbon dioxide system in sea water; version 2. A.G. Dickson and C. 
    Goyet (eds), ORNL/CDIAC-74.

Emerson, S, S. Mecking and J.Abell (2001) The biological pump in the 
    subtropical North Pacific Ocean: nutrient sources, redfield ratios, and 
    recent changes. Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 15, 535-554.

Gouretski, V.V. and K. Jancke (2001) Systematic errors as the causes for an 
    apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and 
    historical hydrographic data, Prog. Oceanogr ., 48, 337-402.

Johnson, G.C., P.E. Robbins, and G.E. Hufford (2001) Systematic adjustments 
    of hydrographic sections for internal consistency, J. Atmos. Oceanic 
    Technol ., 18, 1234-1244.

Joyce, T., and C. Corry, eds., C. Corry, A. Dessier, A. Dickson, T. Joyce, M. 
    Kenny, R. Key, D. Legler, R. Millard, R. Onken, P. Saunders, M. Stalcup, 
    contrib. (1994) Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme Data 
    Reporting, WHPO Pub. 90-1 Rev. 2 , May 1994 Woods Hole, Mass., USA.

Murray, C.N., J.P. Riley, and T.R.S. Wilson (1968) The solubility of oxygen 
    in Winkler reagents used for determination of dissolved oxygen, Deep-Sea 
    Res ., 15, 237-238.

Watanabe, Y.W., T. Ono, A. Shimamoto, T. Sugimoto, M. Wakita and S. Watanabe 
    (2001) Probability of a reduction in the formation rate of subsurface 
    water in the North Pacific during the 1980s and 1990s. Geophys. Res. 
    Letts ., 28, 3298-3292.



3.4.  NUTRIENTS
      July 19, 2007

(1) Personnel

Michio Aoyama (MRI / Japan Meteorological Agency, Principal Investigator)

Leg.1

Kenichiro Sato   (MWJ)
Ayumi Takeuchi   (MWJ)
Junji Matsushita (MWJ)

Leg.2

Junko Hamanaka   (MWJ)
Ayumi Takeuchi   (MWJ)
Kohei Miura      (MWJ)

Leg.3

Junko Hamanaka   (MWJ)
Junji Matsushita (MWJ)
Kohei Miura      (MWJ)

(2) Objectives

The objectives of nutrients analyses during the R/V MIRAI MR0505 cruise along 
24N line in the Western North Pacific are as follows;

  • Describe the present status of nutrients concentration with excellent 
    comparability.

  • The determinants are nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (Although 
    silicic acid is correct, we use silicate because a term of silicate is 
    widely used in oceanographic community.)

  • Study the temporal and spatial variation of nutrients based on the 
    previous high quality experiments data of WOCE, GOESECS, IGY and so on.

  • Study temporal and spatial variation of nitrate: phosphate ratio, so-
    called Redfield ratio.

  • Obtain more accurate estimation of total amount of nitrate, phosphate and 
    silicate in the interested area.

  • Provide more accurate nutrients data for physical oceanographers to use 
    as tracers for water mass movement.


(3) Equipment and techniques

(3.1) Analytical detail using TRAACS 800 systems (BRAN+LUEBBE)

The phosphate analysis is a modification of the procedure of Murphy and Riley 
(1962).

Molybdic acid is added to the seawater sample to form phosphomolybdic acid 
which is in turn reduced to phosphomolybdous acid using L-ascorbic acid as 
the reductant.

Nitrate + nitrite and nitrite are analyzed by according to the modification 
method of Grasshoff (1970).

The sample nitrate is reduced to nitrite in a cadmium tube inside of which is 
coated with metallic copper. The sample stream with its equivalent nitrite is 
treated with an acidic, sulfanilamide reagent and the nitrite forms nitrous 
acid which reacts with sulfanilamide to produce a diazonium ion. N1-
Naphthylethylene-diamine added to the sample stream then couples with the 
diazonium ion to produce a red, azo dye. With reduction of the nitrate to 
nitrite, both nitrate and nitrite react and are measured; without reduction, 
only nitrite reacts. Thus, for the nitrite analysis, no reduction is 
performed and the alkaline buffer is not necessary. Nitrate is computed by 
difference.

The silicate method is analogous to that described for phosphate. The method 
used is essentially that of Grasshoff et al. (1983), wherein silicomolybdic 
acid is first formed from the silicic acid in the sample and added molybdic 
acid; then the silicomolybdic acid is reduced to silicomolybdous acid, or 
"molybdenum blue," using ascorbic acid as the reductant.

The flow diagrams and regents for each parameter are shown in Figures 3.4.1-
3.4.4.

NITRATE REAGENTS

Imidazole (buffer), 0.06 M (0.4% w/v)
    Dissolve 4 g imidazole, C3H4N2, in ca. 900 ml DIW; add 2ml concentrated 
    HCl; make up to 1,000 ml with DIW. After mixing, 1ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% 
    solution in ethanol) is added.
Sulfanilamide, 0.06 M (1% w/v) in 1.2 M HCl
    Dissolve 10 g sulfanilamide, 4-NH2C6H4SO3H, in 1,000 ml of 1.2 M (10%) 
    HCl. After mixing, 1 ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% solution in ethanol) is 
    added.
N-1-Napthylethylene-diamine dihydrochloride, 0.004 M (0.1% w/v)
    Dissolve 1 g NEDA, C10H7NHCH2CH2NH2 · 2HCl, in 1,000 ml of DIW; 
    containing 10 ml concentrated HCl. Stored in a dark bottle.

NITRITE REAGENTS

Sulfanilamide, 0.06 M (1% w/v) in 1.2 M HCl 
    Dissolve 10 g sulfanilamide, 4-NH2C6H4SO3H, in 1,000 ml of 1.2 M (10%) 
    HCl. After mixing, 1 ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% solution in ethanol) is 
    added.
N-1-Napthylethylene-diamine dihydrochloride , 0.004 M (0.1% w/v)
    Dissolve 1 g NEDA, C10H7NHCH2CH2NH2 · 2HCl, in 1,000 ml of DIW; 
    containing 10 ml concentrated HCl. Stored in a dark bottle.

SILICIC ACID REAGENTS

Molybdic acid, 0.06 M (2% w/v)
    Dissolve 15 g Disodium Molybdate(VI) Dihydrate, Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, in 
    1,000 ml DIW containing 6 ml H2SO4. After mixing, 20 ml sodium dodecyl 
    sulphate (15% solution in water) is added.
Oxalic acid, 0.6 M (5% w/v)
    Dissolve 50 g Oxalic Acid Anhydrous, HOOC: COOH, in 1,000 ml of DIW.
Ascorbic acid, 0.01 M (3% w/v)
    Dissolve 2.5 g L (+)-Ascorbic Acid, C6H8O6, in 100 ml of DIW. Stored in a 
    dark bottle and freshly prepared before every measurement.

Phosphate Reagents

Stock molybdate solution, 0.03 M (0.8% w/v)
    Dissolve 8 g Disodium Molybdate(VI) Dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2Oand 0.17 g 
    Antimony Potas- sium Tartrate, C(8)H(4)K(2)O(12)Sb(2)•3H2O in 1,000 ml of 
    DIW containing 50 ml concentrated H(2)SO(4).
Mixed Reagent
    Dissolve 0.8 g L (+)-Ascorbic Acid, C6H8O6, in 100 ml of stock molybdate 
    solution. After mixing, 2 ml sodium dodecyl sulphate (15% solution in 
    water) is added. Stored in a dark bottle and freshly prepared before 
    every measurement.
PO(4) dilution
    Dissolve Sodium Hydrate, NaCl, 10 g in ca. 900 ml, add 50 ml Acetone and 
    4 ml concentrated H2SO4, make up to 1,000 ml. After mixing, 5 ml sodium 
    dodecyl sulphate (15% solution in water) is added.

(3.2) Sampling procedures

Sampling of nutrients followed that of oxygen, trace gases and salinity. 
Samples were drawn into two of virgin 10 ml polyacrylates vials without 
sample drawing tubes. These were rinsed three times before filling and vials 
were capped immediately after the drawing. The vials are put into water bath 
at 25 +-1deg. C for 10 minutes before used to stabilize the temperature of 
samples.

No transfer was made and the vials were set an auto sampler tray directly. 
Samples were analyzed after collection, basically within 17 hours.

(3.3) Data processing

Raw data from TRAACS800 were treated as follows:
  • Check baseline shift.

  • Check the shape of each peak and the positions of the peak values taken, 
    and then change the positions of the peak values taken if necessary.

  • Carryover correction and baseline drift correction were applied to peak 
    heights of each sample followed by sensitivity correction.

  • Baseline correction and sensitivity correction were done basically by 
    using liner regression.

  • Load pressure and salinity from CTD data to calculate density of 
    seawater.

  • Calibration curves to get nutrients concentration were assumed second 
    order equations.

(4) Nutrients standards

(4.1) In-house standards

(i) Volumetric Laboratory Ware

All volumetric glass- and plastic (PMP)-ware used were gravimetrically 
calibrated. Plastic volumetric flasks were gravimetrically calibrated at the 
temperature of use within 2-3 K.

VOLUMETRIC FLASKS

Volumetric flasks of Class quality (Class A) are used because their nominal 
tolerances are 0.05% or less over the size ranges that are likely to be used 
in this work. Class A flasks are made of borosilicate glass, and the standard 
solutions were transferred to plastic bottles as quickly as possible after 
they were made up to volume and well mixed in order to prevent excessive 
dissolution of silicic acid from the glass. High quality plastic 
(polymethylpentene, PMP, or polypropylene) volumetric flasks were 
gravimetrically calibrated and used only within 3-4 K of the calibration 
temperature.

The computation of volume contained by glass flasks at various temperatures 
other than the calibration temperatures were done by using the coefficient of 
linear expansion of borosilicate crown glass.

Because of their larger temperature coefficients of cubical expansion and 
lack of tables constructed for these materials, the plastic volumetric flasks 
were gravimetrically calibrated over the temperature range of intended use 
and used at the temperature of calibration within 3-4 K. The weights obtained 
in the calibration weightings were corrected for the density of water and air 
buoyancy.

PIPETTES AND PIPETTORS

All pipettes have nominal calibration tolerances of 0.1% or better. These 
were gravimetrically calibrated in order to verify and improve upon this 
nominal tolerance.

(ii) Reagents, general considerations

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

All reagents were of very high purity such as "Analytical Grade," "Analyzed 
Reagent Grade" and others. In addition, assay of nitrite was determined 
according as JISK8019 and assays of nitrite salts were 98.9%. We use that 
value to adjust the weights taken.

For the silicate standards solution, we use commercial available silicon 
standard solution for atomic absorption spectrometry of 1,000 mg L-1. Since 
this solution is alkaline solution of 0.5 M KOH, an aliquot of 40ml solution 
were diluted to 500 ml as B standard together with an aliquot of 20 ml of 1 M 
HCl. Then the pH of B standard for silicate prepared to be 6.9.

ULTRA PURE WATER

Ultra pure water (MilliQ water) freshly drawn was used for preparation of 
reagents, higher concentration standards and for measurement of reagent and 
system blanks.

LOW-NUTRIENT SEAWATER (LNSW)

Surface water with low nutrient concentration was taken and filtered using 
0.45 μm pore size membrane filter. This water is stored in 20 liter cubitainer 
with paper box. The concentrations of nutrient of this water were measured 
carefully in March 2005.

(iii) Concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards

Concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards are set as shown in 
Table 3.4.1. The C standard is prepared by according as recipes, as shown in 
Table 3.4.2. All volumetric laboratory tools were calibrated prior to the 
cruise as stated in chapter (i). Then the actual concentration of nutrients 
in each fresh standard was calculated based on the ambient, solution 
temperature and determined factors of volumetric laboratory wares.


Table 3.4.1. Nominal concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards.

___________________________________________________________________________

                A     B     B'  C-1  C-2  C-3  C-4  C-5  C-6   C-7    C-8
 ----------  -----  ----  ----  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  -----  -----
 NO(3)(μM)   45000   900   900  0    BA   AY   AX   AV   BC    55.0   55.0
 NO(2)(μM)    4000    20    20  0    BA   AY   AX   AV   BC     1.2    1.2
 SiO(2)(μM)  36000  2880  3240  0    BA   AY   AX   AV   BC   172.8  194.4
 PO(4)(μM)    3000    60    60  0    BA   AY   AX   AV   BC     3.6    3.6
___________________________________________________________________________


TABLE 3.4.2. Working calibration standard recipes.

                     ____________________________________
                     
                      C-STD  B-1 STD  B-1' STD   B-2 STD
                      -----  -------  ---------  -------
                      C-7    30 ml     0 ml       30 ml
                      C-8     0 ml    30 ml       30 ml
                     ____________________________________
                      B-1 STD:  Mixture of nitrate, 
                                silicate and phosphate
                      B-1' STD: Mixture of nitrate, 
                                silicate and phosphate
                      B-2 STD:  Nitrite


(iv) Renewal of in-house standard solutions

In-house standard solutions as stated in (iii) were renewed as shown in Table 
3.4.3.

(4.2) Reference material of nutrients in seawater

To obtain more accurate and high quality nutrients data to achieve the 
objectives stated above, huge numbers of the bottles of the reference 
material of nutrients in seawater (hereafter RMNS) are prepared (Aoyama et 
al., submitted). In the previous world wide expeditions, such as WOCE 
cruises, higher reproducibility and precision of nutrients measurements were 
required (Joyce and Corry, 1994). Since no standards were available for the
measurement of nutrients in seawater at that time, the requirements were 
described in term of reproducibility. The required reproducibility was 1%, 1-
2%, 1-3% for nitrate, phosphate and silicate, respectively. Although nutrient 
data from the WOCE one-time survey was of unprecedented quality and coverage 
due to much care in sampling and measurements, the differences of nutrients 
concentration at crossover points are still found among the expeditions 
(Aoyama and Joyce, 1996, Mordy et al., 2000, Gouretski and Jancke, 2001).


TABLE 3.4.3. Timing of renewal of in-house standards.

       ___________________________________________________________
       
        NO3, NO2, SiO2, PO4          Renewal
        ---------------------------  ----------------------------
        A-1 Std. (NO(3))             maximum 1 month
        A-2 Std. (NO(2))             maximum 1 month
        A-3 Std. (SiO(2))            commercial prepared solution
        A-4 Std. (PO(4))             maximum 1 month
        B-1 Std. and B-1' Std.
        (mixture of NO3, SiO2, PO4)  8 days
        B-2 Std. (NO(2))             8 days
       
        C Std                        Renewal
        ---------------------------  ----------------------------
        C-7~C-8 Std ( mixture of B1  24 hours
           (B1') and B2 Std.)
       
        Reduction estimation         Renewal
        ---------------------------  ----------------------------
        D-1 Std.                     when A-1renewed
        43μM NO3                     when C-std renewed
        47μM NO2                     when C-std renewed
       ___________________________________________________________


For instance, the mean offset of nitrate concentration at deep waters was 0.5 
μmol kg-1 for 345 crossovers at the world oceans, though the maximum was 1.7 
μmol kg-1 (Gouretski and Jancke, 2001). At the 31 crossover points in the 
Pacific WHP one-time lines, the WOCE standard of reproducibility for nitrate 
of 1% was fulfilled at about half of the crossover points and the maximum 
difference was 7% at deeper layers below 1.6 deg. C in potential temperature 
(Aoyama and Joyce, 1996).

(i) RMNS preparation

RMNS PREPARATION AND HOMOGENEITY FOR PREVIOUS LOTS

The study on reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) on the 
seawater base has been carried out to establish traceability on nutrient 
analyses in seawater since 1994 in Japan. Autoclaving to produce RMNS has 
been studied (Aminot and Kerouel, 1991, 1995) and autoclaving was used to 
stabilize the samples for the 5th intercompariosn exercise in 1992/1993 
(Aminot and Kirkwood, 1995). Aminot and Kerouel (1995) concluded that
nitrate and nitrite were extremely stable throughout their 27 months storage 
experiment with overall standard deviations lower than 0.3% (range 5-50 μmol 
l-l) and 0.8% (range 0.5-5 μmol l-1), respectively. For phosphate, slight 
increase by 0.02-0.07 μmol l-1 per year was observed due to the leaching from 
the container glass. The main source of nutrient variation in seawater is 
believed to be microorganism activity, hence, production of RMNS depends on 
biological inactivation of samples. In this point of view, previous study 
showed that autoclaving to inactivate the biological activity is acceptable 
for RMNS preparation.

In the R/V MIRAI BEAGLE2003 cruise, which was an around the world cruise 
along ca. 30 deg. S and conducted in 2003 and 2004, RMNS was analyzed at 
about 500 stations. The results of BEAGLE2003 cruise will be available soon. 
(Databook of BEAGLE2003)

The seawater for RMNS production was sampled in the North Pacific Ocean at 
the depths of the surface where the nutrients are almost depleted and the 
depths of 1,500-2,000 meters where the nutrients concentrations reach its 
maximum. The seawater was gravity-filtered through a membrane filter with a 
pore size of 0.45 μm (Millipore HA). The latest procedure of autoclaving for 
RMNS preparation is that the seawater in a stainless steel container of 40 
liters was autoclaved at 120 deg. C, for 2 hours, 2 times in two days. The
filling procedure of autoclaved seawater basically remained the same 
throughout our study. After cooled at room temperature in two days, 
polypropylene bottles of 100 ml capacity were filled with the autoclaved 
seawater of 90 ml through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 μm 
(Millipore HA) at a clean bench in a clean room. The polypropylene caps were 
immediately and tightly screwed on and a label containing lot number and 
serial number of each bottle was attached on all of the bottles. Then the 
bottles were vacuum-sealed to avid potential contamination from the 
environment.

RMNSs FOR THIS CRUISE

RMNS lots BC, AV, AX, AY and BA, which covers full range of nutrients 
concentrations in the western North Pacific were prepared as packages. These 
packages were renewed daily and analyzed every 2 runs on the same day. 250 
bottles of RMNS lot AZ were prepared to use every analysis at every 
hydrographic station. These RMNS assignment were completely done based on 
random number. The RMNS bottles were stored at a room, REGENT STORE, where 
the temperature was maintained around 24-26 deg. C.

ASSIGNED CONCENTRATION FOR RMNSs

We assigned nutrients concentrations for RMNS lots BC, AV, AX, AY and BA as 
shown in Table 3.4.4.

(ii) The homogeneity of RMNSs

The homogeneity of lot BC and analytical precisions are shown in Table 3.4.4. 
These are for the assessment of the magnitude of homogeneity of the RMNS 
bottles, which were used during the cruise. As shown in Table 3.4.5, the 
homogeneity of RMNS lot BC for nitrate and silicate are the same magnitude of 
analytical precision derived from fresh raw seawater. The homogeneity for 
phosphate, however, exceeds the analytical precision at some extent.


TABLE 3.4.4.  Assigned concentrations of RMNSs

              _______________________________________________
              
                          Nitrate    Phosphate     Silicate
                        ----------  -----------  -----------
               RMNS-BA   0.1 ± 0.0  0.06 ± 0.01    1.6 ± 0.1
               RMNS-AY   5.6 ± 0.0  0.52 ± 0.01   30.1 ± 0.1
               RMNS-AX  21.4 ± 0.1  1.61 ± 0.01   59.5 ± 0.1
               RMNS-AV  33.4 ± 0.1  2.52 ± 0.01  157.9 ± 0.2
               RMNS-BC  40.7 ± 0.1  2.78 ± 0.01  160.0 ± 0.2
               RMNS-AZ  42.3 ± 0.1  3.02 ± 0.01  137.2 ± 0.2
              _______________________________________________


TABLE 3.4.5.  Homogeneity of lot BC and previous lots derived from simultaneous 
              30 samples measurements and analytical precision onboard R/V
              Mirai in May 2005.

                 _________________________________________
                 
                             Nitrate  Phosphate  Silicate
                             CV%      CV%        CV%
                             -------  ---------  --------
                  BC          0.22     0.32       0.19
                  (AH)       (0.39)   (0.83)     (0.13)
                  (K)        (0.3)    (1.0)      (0.2)
                  Precision   0.22     0.22       0.12
                 _________________________________________
                  Note: N=30x2


(5) Quality control

(5.1) Precision of nutrients analyses during the cruise

Precision of nutrients analyses during the cruise was evaluated based on the 
12 measurements, which are measured every 12 samples, during a run at the 
concentration evaluated n of C-7. We also the reproducibility based on the 
replicate analyses of five samples in each run. Summary of the precisions are 
shown in Table3.4.6. As shown in Table 3.4.6 and Figures 3.4.5-3.4.7, the 
precisions for each parameter are generally good considering analytical 
precisions estimated from the simultaneous analyses of 60 samples in May 
2005. The analytical precisions previously evaluated were 0.22% for 
phosphate, 0.22% for nitrate and 0.12% for silicate, respectively. During 
this cruise, analytical precisions were 0.08% for phosphate, 0.07% for 
nitrate and 0.08% for silicate in terms of median of precision, respectively. 
Therefore we can conclude that the analytical precisions for phosphate, 
nitrate and silicate throughout this cruise were maintained or better than 
those compared to the precruise evaluations. The time series of precision are 
shown in Figures 3.4.5-3.4.7.


TABLE 3.4.6. Summary of precision based on the replicate analyses of 12 
             samples in each run through out cruise.

                 ________________________________________
                 
                           Nitrate  Phosphate  Silicate
                             CV%      CV%        CV%
                           -------  ---------  --------
                  Median     0.070    0.070      0.090
                  Mean       0.076    0.072      0.087
                  Maximum    0.170    0.190      0.170
                  Minimum    0.030    0.030      0.020
                  N        277.000  277.000    277.000
                 ________________________________________


(5.2) Carry-over

We can also summarize the magnitudes of carry-over throughout the cruise. 
These are small enough within acceptable levels as shown in Table 3.4.7.


TABLE 3.4.7.  Summary of carry-over through out cruise.

                  ______________________________________

                           Nitrate  Phosphate  Silicate
                              %         %         %
                           -------  ---------  --------
                   Median     0.21     0.20       0.24
                   Mean       0.21     0.20       0.23
                   Maximum    0.40     0.40       0.43
                   Minimum    0.01     0.00       0.05
                   N        277.00   277.00     277.00
                  ______________________________________


(6) Evaluation of Z-scores of RMNSs

Since we used RMNSs throughout the cruise, we can evaluate the trueness of 
our analysis in terms of Z-score of RMNSs.

Z-score for each analysis of RMNS is defined as follows:

                   Zpar = ABS((Cpar - Cnominal)/Ppar)                    (1)

Where
  • Zpar is Z-score for an analysis.

  • Cpar is obtained concentration of a RMNS for interested parameter, 
    nitrate, phosphate or silicate.

  • Cnominal is assigned concentration of RMNS for interested parameter, 
    nitrate, phosphate or silicate.

  • Ppar is analytical precision at the concentration of RMNS for interested 
    parameter, nitrate, phosphate or silicate.

Averages of these Z-scores were obtained for three parameters, nitrate, 
phosphate and silicate based on Z-scores for 7 RMNSs used at each run and 
shown in Figure 3.4.8. Means of Z-score based on the Z-score of three 
parameters were also obtained and shown in Figure 3.4.9. 

These Z-scores were less than 0.5 in general and indicating that our analyses 
were in excellent tracerbility throughout the cruise.

(7) Problems/improvements occurred and solutions

Nothing occurred during the cruise.


REFERENCES

Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. 1991. Autoclaved seawater as a reference material 
    for the determination of nitrate and phosphate in seawater. Anal. Chim. 
    Acta , 248, 277-283.

Aminot, A. and Kirkwood, D.S. 1995. Report on the results of the fifth ICES 
    intercomparison exercise for nutrients in sea water, ICES coop. Res. Rep. 
    Ser ., 213.

Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. 1995. Reference material for nutrients in 
    seawater: stability of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate in 
    autoclaved samples. Mar. Chem ., 49, 221-232.

Aoyama M., and Joyce T.M. 1996, WHP property comparisons from crossing lines 
    in North Pacific. In Abstracts, 1996 WOCE Pacific Workshop , Newport 
    Beach, California.

Aoyama, M., Ota, H., Iwano, S., Kamiya, H., Kimura, M., Masuda, S., Nagai, 
    N., Saito, K., Tubota, H. 2004. Reference material for nutrients in 
    seawater in a seawater matrix, Mar. Chem ., submitted.

Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., Kremling K. et al. 1983. Methods of seawater 
    anylysis . 2nd rev. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, Germany, West.

JAMSTEC, BEAGLE2003 DATA BOOK, 2005,

Joyce, T. and Corry, C. 1994. Requirements for WOCE hydrographic programmed 
    data reporting. WHPO Publication, 90-1, Revision 2, WOCE Report No. 
    67/91.

Kirkwood, D.S. 1992. Stability of solutions of nutrient salts during storage. 
    Mar. Chem ., 38, 151-164.

Kirkwood, D.S. Aminot, A. and Perttila, M. 1991. Report on the results of the 
    ICES fourth intercomparison exercise for nutrients in sea water. ICES 
    coop. Res. Rep. Ser ., 174.

Mordy, C.W., Aoyama, M., Gordon, L.I., Johnson, G.C., Key, R.M., Ross, A.A., 
    Jennings, J.C. and Wilson. J. 2000. Deep water comparison studies of the 
    Pacific WOCE nutrient data set. Eos Trans-American Geophysical Union . 80 
    (supplement), OS43.

Murphy, J., and Riley, J.P. 1962. Analytica chim. Acta 27, 31-36.

Gouretski, V.V. and Jancke, K. 2001. Systematic errors as the cause for an 
    apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and 
    historical hydrographic data · REVIEW ARTICLE, Progress In Oceanography , 
    48: Issue 4, 337-402.



3.5. DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (C(T))
     July 18, 2007

(1) Personnel

Akihiko Murata   (JAMSTEC)
Minoru Kamata    (MWJ)
Masaki Moro      (MWJ)
Yoshiko Ishikawa (MWJ)

(2) Introduction

Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 
1.5 ppmv y^(-1), due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, 
deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate 
as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the 
increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 
absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on 
the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 
1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human 
activities.

In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line) using the R/V MIRAI, we 
aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed in North Pacific 
Intermediate Water, which is one of the characteristic waters in the North 
Pacific. For the purpose, we measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved 
inorganic carbon (C(T)), total alkalinity (A(T)), pH and underway pCO2.

In this section, we describe data on C(T) obtained in the cruise in detail. 

(3) Apparatus

Measurements of C(T) were made with two total CO2 measuring systems (systems- 
and -B; Nippon ANS, Inc.), which are slightly different from each other. The 
systems comprise of a seawater dispensing system, a CO2 extraction system and 
a coulometer (Model 5012, UIC Inc.).

The seawater dispensing system has an auto-sampler (6 ports), which takes 
seawater from a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle and dispenses the seawater 
to a pipette of nominal 20 or 26 ml volume by a PC control. The pipette is 
kept at 20°C by a water jacket, where water from a water bath set at 20°C is 
circulated.

CO2 dissolved in a seawater sample is extracted in a stripping chamber of a 
CO2 extraction system by adding phosphoric acid (10% v/v). The stripping 
chamber is approximately 25 cm in length and has a fine frit at the bottom. 
In order to degas CO2 as quickly as possible, a heating wire kept at 40°C is 
rolled from the bottom to a 1/3 height of the stripping chamber. Acid is 
added to the stripping chamber from the bottom of the chamber by pressurizing 
an acid bottle for a given time to push out a an exact amount of acid. The 
pressurizing is made with nitrogen gas (99.9999%). After the acid is 
transferred to the stripping chamber, a seawater sample kept in a pipette is 
introduced to the stripping chamber by the same method as in adding acid. The 
seawater reacted with phosphoric acid is stripped of CO2 by bubbling the 
nitrogen gas through a fine frit at the bottom of the stripping chamber. The 
CO2 stripped in the stripping chamber is carried by the nitrogen gas (140 ml 
min-1 for the systems-A and -B) to the coulometer through a dehydrating 
module. For the system-A, the module consists of two electric dehumidifiers 
(kept at 1 - 2°C) and a chemical desiccant (Mg(ClO4)2). For the system-B, it 
consists of three electric dehumidifiers with a chemical desiccant.

(4) Shipboard measurement

SAMPLING

All seawater samples were collected from depths with 12 liter Niskin bottles 
basically at every other station. he seawater samples for C(T) were taken 
with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) 
into a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle. The glass bottle was filled with 
seawater smoothly from the bottom following a rinse with a seawater of 2 full 
bottle volumes. The glass bottle was closed by a stopper, which was fitted to 
the bottle mouth gravimetrically without additional force.

At a chemical laboratory on the ship, a headspace of approximately 1% of the 
bottle volume was made by removing seawater with a plastic pipette. A 
saturated mercuric chloride of 100 μl was added to poison seawater samples. 
The glass bottles were sealed with a greased (Apiezon M, M&I Materials Ltd) 
ground glass stopper and the clips were secured. The seawater samples were 
kept at 4°C in a refrigerator until analysis. A few hours just before 
analysis, the seawater samples were kept at 20°C in a water bath. 

ANALYSIS

There were 3 legs in the P3 revisit cruise. At the start of each leg, we 
calibrated the measuring systems by blank and 5 kinds of Na(2)CO(3) solutions 
(nominally 500, 1,000 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 μmol/L). As it was empirically
known that coulometers do not show a stable signal (low repeatability) with 
fresh (low absorption of carbon) coulometer solutions. Therefore we 
repeatedly measured 2% CO2 gas until the measurements became stable. Then we 
started the calibration.

The measurement sequence such as system blank (phosphoric acid blank), 2% CO2 
gas in a nitrogen base, seawater samples (6) was programmed to repeat. The 
measurement of 2% CO2 gas was made to monitor response of coulometer 
solutions (from UIC, Inc.). For every renewal of coulometer solutions, 
certified reference materials (CRMs, batch 72 and a small number of batch 69) 
provided by Prof. A. G. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography were 
analyzed. In addition, reference materials (RM) provided by JAMSTEC (2 kinds) 
and KANSO were measured at the initial, intermediate and end times of a 
coulometer solution's lifetime.

The preliminary values were reported in a data sheet on the ship. 
Repeatability and vertical profiles of C(T) based on raw data for each 
station helped us check performances of the measuring systems.

In the cruise, we finished all the analyses for C(T) on board the ship. As we 
used two systems, we did not encountered such a situation as that we had to 
abandon the measurement due to time limitation. During Leg.2, we replaced the 
pipette of a volume of 26 ml for the system-B to that of 22 ml after Stn. 
251. Furthermore, a ramp of light source of the coulometer for the system-B 
was replaced. During Leg.3, only the system-A was used.

(5) Quality control

We conducted quality control of the data after returning to a laboratory on 
land. With calibration factors, which had been determined on board based on 
blank and 5 kinds of Na(2)CO(3) solutions (see analysis), we calculated C(T) 
of CRM (batches 69 and 72), and plotted the values as a function of 
sequential day, separating legs and the systems used. There were no 
statistically-significant trends of CRM measurements, except for the 
measurements with the system-A during Leg.3. As shown in Table 3.5.1, 
averages of C(T) of CRM shows a variation, probably implying instability of a 
coulometer.

Based on the averages of C(T) of CRM, we re-calculated the calibration 
factors so that measurements of seawater samples could become comparable to 
the certified value of batches 72 or 69.

Temporal variations of RM measurements for one coulomer solution are shown in 
Figure 3.5.1. This figure clearly shows that RM measurements had a linear 
trend of ~3 to ~6 μmol kg^(-1) day^(-1) , implying that measurements of 
seawater samples also have the trend. The trend was also found in temporal 
changes of 2% CO2 gas measurements. The trend seems to be due to "cell age" 
change (Johnson et al., 1998) of a coulometer solution.

Considering these trends, we adjusted measurements of seawater samples to be 
comparable to the certified value of batches 72 or 69.

Finally, we surveyed vertical profiles of C(T). In particular, we examined 
whether systematic differences between measurements of the systems-A and -B 
existed or not. Then taking other information of analyses into account, we 
determined a flag of each value of C(T).

The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences of C(T) 
analyzed consecutively were 1.2 and 1.1 μmol kg^(-1) (n=129), 1.0 and 0.7 μmol 
kg-1 (n=197), and 0.5 and 0.5 μmol kg^(-1) (n=21), for Leg.1, 2 and 3, 
respectively.

To evaluate accuracy of measured C(T), we compared vertical profiles of CT 
measured in MR05-05, C(T) calculated from AT and pH measured in MR05-05, and 
C(T) measured at a station of other WOCE lines crossing the P3 line. Results 
for cross station with WOCE P17 line along 135°W are shown in Figure 3.5.2. 
From this figure, it is found that C(T) measured in this cruise were 
sufficiently accurate. Together with other comprisons, we estimated the 
accuracy to be ~ ± 2.0 μmol kg-1.


REFERENCE

Johnson, K. M., A. G. Dickson, G. Eischeid, C. Goyet, P. Guenther, R. M. Key, 
    F. J. Millero, D. Purkerson, C. L. Sabine, R. G. Schottle, D. W. R. 
    Wallace, R. J. Wilke and C. D. Winn (1998), Coulometric total carbon 
    dioxide analysis for marine studies: assessment of the quality of total 
    inorganic carbon measurements made during the US Indian Ocean CO2 survey 
    1994-1996, Mar. Chem., 63, 21-37.



TABLE 3.5.1.  Measurements of CT of CRM (batch 72 or 69) during the MR05-05 
              (WOCE P3 revisit) cruise.

              ______________________________________________________
              
                                     Ave           Std       Batch 
               Leg  System  Num  (μmol kg^-1)  (μmol kg^-1)  number
               ---  ------  ---  ------------  ------------  ------
                1     A       8     1906.2          0.7        69
                      A      72     2091.7          1.3        72
                      B      24     2088.6          1.5        72
                2     A      40     2093.9          1.9        72
                      B       9     2095.2          1.0        72
                      B      18     2093.4          1.8        72
                3     A       2     2090.9                     72
                      A       2     2088.8                     72
                      A       2     2088.8                     72
              ______________________________________________________


The certified values of C(T) for batches 69 and 72 are 1907.63 and 2091.61 
μmol kg^-1, respecticely. During the Leg. 2, the pipette of system-B was 
replaced.


3.6. TOTAL ALKALINITY (A(T))
     July 18, 2007

(1) Personnel

Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)
Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
Mikio Kitada   (MWJ)
Minoru Kamata  (MWJ)
Taeko Ohama    (MWJ)

(2) Introduction

Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 
1.5 ppmv y^(-1) due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, 
deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate 
as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the 
increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 
absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on 
the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 
1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human 
activities.

In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line), we aimed to quantify how 
much anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed in North Pacific Intermediate Water, which 
is one of the characteristic waters in the North Pacific. For the purpose, we 
measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), 
total alkalinity (A(T)),pH and underway pCO2.

In this section, we describe data on A(T) obtained in the cruise in detail.

(3) Apparatus

The measuring system for A(T) (customized by Nippon ANS, Inc.) comprises of a 
water dispensing unit, an auto-burette (Metrohm), a pH meter (Thermo Orion) 
and an auto-sampler (6 ports). They are automatically controlled by a PC. 
Separate electrodes (Reference electrode: REF201, (Radiometer), Glass pH 
electrode: pHG201-7 (Radiometer)), or combined electrodes (ROSS 8102BN, 
Thermo Orion) were used.

Seawater of approximately 40 ml is transferred from a sample bottle 
(borosilicate glass bottle; 130 ml) into a water-jacketed (25°C) pressurized 
by N2 gas and is introduced into a water-jacketed (25°C) titration cell. 
Next, a given volume of the titrant is injected into the titration cell. By 
this, pH of a seawater sample becomes 4.5 - 4.0. The seawater sample mixed 
with the titrant is stirred for three minutes with a stirring chip. Then a 
small volume of titrant (~0.1 ml) is injected until pH or e.m.f. reaches a 
given value. The concentration of the acid titrant is nominally 0.05 M HCl in 
0.65 M NaCl.

Calculation of A(T) is based on a modified Gran approach.

(4) Shipboard measurement

SAMPLING

All seawater samples were collected from depths using 12-liter Niskin bottles 
basically at every other stations. The seawater samples for A(T) were taken 
with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) 
into borosilicate glass bottles of 130 ml. The glass bottle was filled with 
seawater smoothly from the bottom, after rinsed with seawater of a half or a 
full bottle volume. A few hours before analysis, the seawater samples were 
kept at 25°C in a water bath.

ANALYSIS

For A(T) measurement, we selected electrodes, which showed signals close to 
theoretical Nernstian behavior. 

At the start of each leg, we conducted calibration of the acid titrant, which 
was prepared on land. The calibration was made by measuring AT of 5 solutions 
of Na(2)CO(3) in 0.7 M NaCl solutions. The computed ATs were approximately 0, 
100, 1,000, 2,000 and 2,500 μmol kg^(-1). The measured values of A(T) 
(calculated by assuming 0.05 M acid titrant) should be a linear function of 
the A(T) contributed by the Na(2)CO(3). The linear function was fitted by
the method of least squares. Theoretically, the slope of the linear function 
should be unity. If the measured slope is not equal to unity, the acid 
normality should be adjusted by dividing initial normality by the slope, and 
the whole set of calculations is repeated until the slope = 1.

Before starting analyses of seawater samples, we measured A(T) of dummy 
seawater samples to confirm a condition of the measuring system. If repeat 
measurements of A(T) were constant within ~3 μmol kg^(-1), we started 
measurement of seawater samples. We analyzed reference materials (RM), which 
were produced for C(T) measurement by JAMSTEC and were also efficient for 
monitoring A(T) measurement. In addition, certified reference materials (CRM, 
batches 69 and 72, certified value = 2114.42 and 2312.79 μmol kg^(-1), 
respectively) were analyzed periodically to monitor systematic differences of 
measured A(T). The reported values of A(T) were set to be traceable to the 
certified value.

The preliminary values were reported in a data sheet on the ship. 
Repeatability calculated from replicate samples and vertical profiles of A(T) 
based on raw data for each station helped us check the performance of the measuring system.

We finished all A(T) analyses on board the ship. Although we did not 
encounter such a serious problem that we had to give up the analyses, we 
experienced some malfunctions of the system during the cruise, which are
summarized as follows:

After analyses of a large number of samples, a drift of an electrode often 
occurred, appearing as differences of pH or e.m.f. against a constant volume 
of the titrant injected into a seawater sample. In this case, we changed pH 
or e.m.f. ranges for the subsequent A(T) calculation.

(5) Quality control

Temporal changes of A(T), which originate from analytical problems (drifts 
and sudden changes of responces of electrodes used, etc), were monitored by 
measuring A(T) of CRM. For example, discontinuous changes of A(T) are 
illustrated in Figure. 3.6.1. Based on averaged and certified values of A(T) 
of CRM, we re-calculated normality of HCl. Using the re-calibrated normality, 
we re-calculated A(T) of seawater samples. By this procedure, we could obtain 
A(T) values, which are comparable to CRM. 

After making the measured values of A(T) comparable to CRM, we examined 
vertical profiles of A(T). Then, taking other information of analyses into 
account, we determined a flag of each A(T) value.

The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences in A(T) 
analyzed consecutively were 2.1 and 1.9 μmol kg^(-1) (n = 123), 1.9 and 1.5 
μmol kg^(-1) (n = 203) and 2.2 and 1.9 μmol kg^(-1) (n = 20) for Leg.1, 2 and 
3, respectively.

To evaluate the accuracy of measured A(T), we compared vertical profiles of 
A(T) measured in MR05-05 with A(T) calculated from C(T) and pH measured in 
MR05-05, and with A(T) measured at a station of other WOCE lines crossing the 
P3 line. Results for cross station with the WOCE P16 line along 153°W are 
shown in Figure. 3.6.2. From this figure, it is found that A(T) measured in 
this cruise were sufficiently accurate. Together with other comparisons, we 
estimated the accuracy to be 3 - 2 μmol kg^(-1).


3.7. pH
    July 19, 2007

(1) Personnel

Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC)
Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ)
Taeko Ohama    (MWJ)

(2) Introduction

Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 
1.5 ppmv y^(-1) due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, 
deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate 
as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the 
increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 
absorption, because the magnitude of the anticipated global warming depends 
on the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently 
absorbs 1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by 
human activities.

In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line), we aimed to quantify how 
much anthropogenic CO2 absorbed in North Pacific Intermediate Water, which is 
one of the characteristic waters in the North Pacific. For the purpose, we 
measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), 
total alkalinity (A(T)), pH and underway pCO2.

In this section, we describe data on pH obtained in the cruise in detail.

(3) Apparatus

Measurement of pH was made by a pH measuring system (Nippon ANS, Inc.), which 
Adopts spectrophotometry. The system comprises of a water dispensing unit and 
a spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian).

Seawater is transferred from borosilicate glass bottle (300 ml) to a sample 
cell in the spectrophotometer. The length and volume of the cell are 8 cm and 
13 ml, respectively, and the sample cell was kept at 25.00 ± 0.05°C in a 
thermostated compartment. First, absorbance of seawater only is measured at 
three wavelengths (730, 578 and 434 nm). Then an indicator is injected and 
circulated for about 4 minutes to mix with seawater sufficiently. After the 
pump is stopped, the absorbance of seawater + indicator is measured at the 
same wavelengths.

The pH is calculated based on the following equation (Clayton and Byrne, 
1993):

   pH = pK(2) + log{(A(1)/(A(2) - 0.00691))/(2.2220 - 0.1331(A(1)/A(2))}  (1)

where A(1) and A(2) indicate the absorbance at 578 and 434 nm, respectively, 
and pK(2) is calculated as a function of water temperature and salinity.

(4) Shipboard measurement

SAMPLING

All seawater samples were collected from depth with 12-liter Niskin bottles 
basically at every other stations. The seawater samples for pH were taken 
with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) 
into a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle, which was the same as used for C(T) 
sampling. The glass bottle was smoothly filled from its bottom with seawater 
after rinsed with an amount of seawater equal to the volume of two full 
bottles. The glass bottle was closed by a stopper, which was fitted to the 
bottle mouth gravimetrically without additional force.

A few hours just before analysis, the seawater samples were kept at 25°C in a 
water bath.

ANALYSIS

For indicator solution, m-cresol purple (2 mM) was used. The indicator 
solution was produced on board the ship, and retained in a 1,000 ml DURAN(R) 
laboratory bottle. We renewed indicator solution 3 times when the headspace 
of the bottle became large, and monitored pH or absorbance ratio of the 
indicator solution by another spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian) using 
a cell with a short path length of 0.5 mm. In most indicator solutions, the 
absorbance ratios of the indicator solution were initially in the range 1.4 - 
1.6, and decreased to 1.1.

It is difficult to mix seawater with indicator solution sufficiently under no 
headspace condition. However, by circulating the mixed solution with a 
peristaltic pump, a well-mixed condition came to be obtained rather shortly,
leading to a rapid stabilization of absorbance. We renewed a TYGON(R) tube of 
a peristaltic pump periodically, when a tube deteriorated.

Absorbance of seawater only and that of seawater + indicator solutions were 
measured 15 times for each, and the averages computed from the last five 
values of the absorbance were used for pH calculation (Eq. 1).

The preliminary values of pH were reported in a data sheet on the ship. 
Repeatability calculated from replicate samples and vertical profiles of pH 
based on raw data for each station helped us check performance of the 
measuring system.

We finished all the analyses for pH on board the ship. We did not encounter 
such a serious problem that we had to give up the analyses. However, we 
sometimes experienced malfunctions of the system during the cruise:

Differences between absorbance of seawater only and that of seawater + 
indicator solution were infrequently greater than ± 0.001. This implies dirt 
of the cell. In this case, we cleaned or replaced the cell.

(5) Quality control

Correction for pH change resulting from addition of indicator solutions is 
recommended (DOE, 1994). To check the perturbation of pH due to the addition, 
we measured absorbance ratios by doubling the volume of indicator solutions 
added to a same seawater sample. We corrected absorbance ratios based on an 
empirical method (DOE, 1994). Figure 3.7.1 illustrates an example of 
perturbation of absorbance ratios by adding indicator solutions.

We surveyed vertical profiles of pH. In particular, we examined whether 
systematic differences between before and after the renewal of indicator 
solutions existed or not. Then taking other information of analyses into 
account, we determined a flag of each pH value.

The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences of pH 
analyzed consecutively were 0.0007 and 0.0012 pH unit (n = 163), 0.0007 and 
0.0006 pH unit (n = 255), and 0.0009 and 0.0009 (n = 36) for Leg.1, 2 and 3, 
respectively.

All values are reported in total pH scale. 


REFERENCES

Clayton T.D. & R.H. Byrne (1993) Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: 
    total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and 
    at-sea results. Deep-Sea Research 40, 2115-2129.

DOE (1994) Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of 
    the carbon dioxide system in sea water, version 2, A. G. Dickson & C. 
    Goyet, eds. (unpublished manuscript).



3.8. CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs)
     October 3, 2007

(1) Personnel

Ken'ichi Sasaki     (JAMSTEC)
Masahide Wakita     (JAMSTEC)
Shuichi Watanabe    (JAMSTEC)
Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ)
Yuichi Sonoyama     (MWJ)
Hideki Yamamoto     (MWJ)
Keisuke Wataki      (MWJ)
Masanori Enoki      (MWJ)

(2) Introduction

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are completely man-made compounds that are 
chemically and biologically stable gasses in the environment. The CFCs have 
been accumulated in the atmosphere since 1930's (Walker et al., 2000). The 
atmospheric CFCs can slightly dissolve in sea surface water and then 
penetrated into the ocean interior by water circulation. The dissolved CFC 
concentrations in sea water have been used as transient tracers for the ocean 
circulation with times scale on the order of decades.

In this cruise, we determined the concentrations of three CFC species, CFC-11 
(CCl(3)F), CFC-12 (CCl(2)F(2)) and CFC-113 (C(2)Cl(3)F(3)).

(3) Apparatus

Dissolved CFCs were measured by a method modified from the original design of 
Bullister and Weiss (1988). Two analytical systems were used in this cruise. 
A custom made purging and trapping system was attached to gas chromatograph 
(GC-14B: Shimadzu Ltd). Stainless steel packed column ("1/8 OD tubing, 100-
120 mesh Porapak T(R) packed 5cm) was used as a cold trap. Silica Plot 
capillary column [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 4 m, tick: 0.25 μm] and a tandem 
capillary column (Pola Bond-Q [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 7 m, tick: 6.0 μm] 
followed by Silica Plot [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 22 m, tick: 0.25 μm]) was 
used as a pre-column and main column, respectively. Each CFC was detected by 
an electron capture detector (ECD-14: Shimadzu Ltd).

(4) Shipboard measurement

SAMPLING

Seawater sub-samples for CFC measurements were collected from 12 liter Niskin 
bottles to 300 ml subsampling glass bottles which were developed for CFC 
analyses in JAMSTEC. The sub-sampling bottles have stainless steel union 
altered from original design of Swagelok(R) on the end of the bottle. A 6 mm 
OD glass tube goes through the union into the bottle interior and reaches to 
near the bottom of bottle. A small plastic stop valve was on the upper end of 
glass tube. The bottles were filled by nitrogen gas before sampling. The stop 
valve was connected to Niskin bottle. The sub-sample was introduced from the 
bottom. Two times of the bottle volumes of seawater sample were overflowed 
from vent valve put on side of the union and then the all valves closed from
downstream. The bottles filled by seawater sample were kept in water bathes 
roughly controlled on sample temperature. The CFC concentrations were 
determined as soon as possible after sampling. These procedures were needed 
in order to minimize contamination from atmospheric CFCs.

ANALYSIS

The CFCs analytical system is modified from the original design of Bullister 
and Weiss (1988). Analytical conditions are listed in Table 3.8.1. Constant 
volume of sample water (50 ml) is taken into the purging & trapping system. 
Dissolved CFCs are de-gassed by N2 gas purge and concentrated in a cold trap 
column. The CFCs are desorbed by electrically heating the trap column, and 
lead into the pre-column. CFCs and other compounds are roughly separated in 
the pre-column. The pre-column is switched to cleaning line and flushed buck 
by counter flow of pure nitrogen gas when CFCs completely go through pre-
column. The back flush system is prevent to enter any compounds that have 
higher retention time than CFC-113 into main analytical column and permits
short time analysis. CFCs which are sent into main column are separated 
further and detected by an electron capture detector (ECD).

Gas loops that the volumes were around 1, 3 and 10 ml were used for 
introducing standard gases into the analytical system. The standard gasses 
had been made by Japan Fine Products co. ltd. Cylinder numbers of CPB28620, 
CPB30532 and CPB30528 for working gases and CPB30524 for reference gas were 
used for calibration. Mixing ratios of the standard gasses were calculated by 
gravimetric data (Table 3.8.2). The standard gases used in this cruise have 
not been calibrated to SIO scale standard gases yet because SIO scale 
standard gasses is hard to obtain due to legal difficulties for CFCs import 
into Japan. The data will be corrected as soon as possible after calibrations 
of the standard gasses.


TABLE 3.8.1. Analytical conditions of dissolved CRCs in seawater.

             Temperature
             -------------  ---
             Column oven:   95°


TABLE 3.8.2.  CFC mixing ratios of standard gasses.

    ________________________________________________________________
    
                CFC-11  CFC-12  CFC-113
     Cylinder   ------  ------  -------  Application
                        Pptv
     ---------  -----------------------  --------------------------
     CPB28620   301     169     50.3     Working gas for Leg.2 & 3
     CPB30524   300     159     30.2     Reference gas for all Legs
     CPB30528   300     158     29.9     Working gas for Leg.2
     CPB30532   300     158     29.9     Working gas for Leg.1 & 2
    ________________________________________________________________


(5) Quality control

BLANK

Some blank water samples which were made by nitrogen purge of seawater in 
CFCs sample bottle were analyzed and any CFCs were not detected. Significant 
increase in CFCs concentration during keeping sampling bottle in a water bath 
was not found for around one week. CFC concentrations in deep water which was 
one of oldest water masses of the ocean were low but not zero for CFC-11 and 
-12. Average concentrations of CFC-11, 12 in denser water than 27.6 sigma-0 
were 0.022 ± 0.008 (n = 1430), 0.009 ± 0.004 (n = 1379). These values were 
assumed as sampling blanks which was contaminations from Niskin bottle and/or 
during sub-sampling and were subtracted from all data.

Concentration of CFC-113 in deep water mass is less than detection limit at 
about half of stations but significant blank had been found in other 
stations(0.006 ± 0.003 pmol kg-1 in average (n = 773)). Cause of the blank 
was unknown. In this case, mean value in deep water samples at each station 
was considered to be blank for analysis at the station and was subtracted 
from measurements.

INTERFERING COMPOUND FOR CFC-113 ANALYSIS

A large and broad peak was interfered determining CFC-113 peak area for 
samples collected from surface layer. Retention time of the interfering peak 
was around 3% shorter than that of CFC-113. The peak of a compound 
interfering CFC-113 determination could not be completely separated from the 
peak of CFC-113 by our analytical condition. We tried to split these peaks on 
chromatogram analysis and give flag "4". In the case of the interfering peak 
completely covering the CFC-113 peak, we could not determine CFC-113 peak 
area and give flag "5".

PRECISIONS

The analytical precisions were estimated from replicate sample analyses. The 
replicate samples were basically collected from two sampling depths which is 
around 250 m and 800 m depth. The precisions were estimated by two methods. 
One (A) is estimated by following equation, s= (S (DC2) /(2n-1))0.5, where DC 
is difference between replicate analyses. Another (B) is average difference 
of replicate analyses (with standard deviation, SD). Precisions estimated 
from former equation were 0.006 (n = 377), 0.004 (n = 376) and 0.004 (n = 
298) pmol kg^(-1) for CFC-11, -12 and -113 determinations. These from latter 
were 0.006 (SD=0.007), 0.004 (0.004) and 0.004 (0.005) pmol kg^(-1) for CFC-
11, -12 and -113 determinations.


REFERENCES

Walker, S.J., Weiss, R.F. and Salameh, P.K., Reconstructed histories of the 
    annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-
    12, CFC-113 and Carbon Tetrachloride, Journal of Geophysical Research, 
    105, 14,285-14,296, (2000).

Bullister, J.L and Weiss, R.F. Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in seawater 
    and air. Deep Sea Research, 35, 839-853 (1988).



3.9. LADCP(LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER)
     September 3, 2007

(1) Personnel

Shinya Kouketsu  (JAMSTEC)
Ikuo Kaneko      (JAMSTEC)
Shuichi Watanabe (JAMSTEC)
Hiroshi Uchida   (JAMSTEC)
Takayoshi Seike  (MWJ)

(2) Instrument and method

Direct flow measurement from sea surface to sea bottom was carried out using 
a lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP). The instrument was the 
RDI Workhorse Monitor 307.2 kHz unit (RD Instruments, USA). The instrument 
was attached downward on the CTD/RMS frame. The CPU firmware version was 
16.27.

One ping raw data were recorded. From Sta. 1 to St. 48, a bin length was set 
to 16 m. The bin length of 8m was used from Sta. 50. A total of 79, 126 and 
31 operations were made with CTD observations in Leg.1 from San Diego to 
Honolulu, in Leg.2 from Honolulu to Nakagusuku, and in Leg.3 from Nakagusuku 
to Sekinehama, respectively. Since the pressure resistance of the instrument 
is 6,500 dbar, the instrument was detached on the CTD/RMS frame at Stas. 223, 
293, 353 and 357 where the depth was deeper than about 6,000 dbar. The 
performance of the LADCP instrument was not good from Sta. 1 to Sta. 110 in 
Leg.1. The data near the bottom were often missed. We replaced the Serial 
Number (SN) 2553 of the instruments with the SN 1512 of it from Sta. 112. The 
performance was improved. Profiles of the area over 100 m distance from LADCP 
in shallow depths and of the area to almost 60 m in deeper depths were 
obtained. Echo intensity was weak between stations 351 and 367. Backscatters 
might be especially too few in this section.

(3) Data process and result

Vertical profiles of velocity are obtained by the inversion method (Visbeck, 
2002). Since the first bin from LADCP is influenced by turbulence generated 
by CTD frame, the weight for the inversion is set to small value of 0.1. GPS 
navigation data are used in the calculation of reference velocities and the 
bottom-track data are used for correcting the reference velocities. Shipboard 
ADCP (SADCP) data averaged for 3 minutes are also included in the 
calculation. The CTD data are used for sound speed and depth calculation. 
IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) 10th generation data are 
used for calculating magnetic deviation to correct the direction of velocity. 
In the process, we use Matlab routines provided from M. Visbeck and G. 
Krahmann (http://ladcp.ldeo.columbia.edu/ladcp).

Error velocities estimated by the inversion are small values of 0.05 - 0.2 
m/s, but the typical value of the surface currents is about 0.2 m/s in this 
section. It may be difficult to describe the detailed structure of currents 
by using these values. In Leg.3 (Okinawa trough, Tokara strait, and Tsushima 
strait cross sections), small error velocities (less than 10 cm/s) were 
estimated.

Velocities using bottom tracks were 5 - 10 cm/s. The large bottom flow of 
about 15 cm/s was observed near the shore of the United States. The errors of 
0.5 - 2 cm/s were quite small. It is sufficient to detect the bottom current. 
The velocities near the bottom are not shown in Leg.3, since the depths were 
shallow and the inversion errors were sufficient small all through the water 
columns.


REFERENCE

Visbeck, M. (2002): Deep velocity profiling using Lowered Acoustic Doppler 
    Current Profilers: Bottom track and inverse solutions. J. Atmos. Oceanic 
    Technol., 19, 794-807.



49MR0505_1.sum FILE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


 P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 1
 SHIP/CRS    WOCE                  CAST          UTC EVENT          POSITION                UNC    COR HT ABOVE   WIRE  MAX    NO. OF
 EXPOCODE    SECT  STNNBR  CASTNO  TYPE  DATE    TIME  CODE  LATITUDE    LONGITUDE     NAV  DEPTH  DEPTH  BOTTOM  OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES   PARAMETERS                   COMMENTS
 ----------  ----  ------  ------  ----  ------  ----  ----  ----------  ------------  ---  -----  -----  ------  ----  -----  --------  ---------------------------  ------------------------------
 49MR0505_1  P03      1       1    ROS   103105  1856   BE   32 39.14 N  117 19.93 W   GPS   110    110
 49MR0505_1  P03      1       1    BUC   103105  1859   UN   32 39.11 N  117 19.88 W   GPS   108    108                                  1,33                         16.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03      1       1    UNK   103105  1859   UN   32 39.11 N  117 19.88 W   GPS   108    108                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03      1       1    ROS   103105  1902   BO   32 39.08 N  117 19.85 W   GPS   107    108      9      92    95             3 1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03      1       1    ROS   103105  1909   EN   32 39.02 N  117 19.84 W   GPS   108    108
 49MR0505_1  P03      2       1    ROS   103105  1947   BE   32 38.38 N  117 25.88 W   GPS   150    151
 49MR0505_1  P03      2       1    BUC   103105  1948   UN   32 38.38 N  117 25.89 W   GPS   150    151                                  1                            17.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03      2       1    ROS   103105  1954   BO   32 38.32 N  117 25.95 W   GPS   150    151      7     138   140             4 1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03      2       1    ROS   103105  2006   EN   32 38.19 N  117 25.97 W   GPS   151    151
 49MR0505_1  P03      3       1    ROS   103105  2114   BE   32 37.02 N  117 30.16 W   GPS  1192   1191
 49MR0505_1  P03      3       1    BUC   103105  2121   UN   32 36.94 N  117 30.19 W   GPS  1192   1191                                  1,31,33                      18.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03      3       1    UNK   103105  2121   UN   32 36.94 N  117 30.19 W   GPS  1192   1191                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03      3       1    ROS   103105  2139   BO   32 36.80 N  117 30.27 W   GPS  1193   1192     10    1189  1189     22      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,81  #2 AT OXYCLINE
 49MR0505_1  P03      3       1    ROS   103105  2235   EN   32 36.31 N  117 30.55 W   GPS  1206   1204
 49MR0505_1         501       1    UNK   103105  2255   UN   32 36.41 N  117 32.06 W   GPS  1203   1204                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03      4       1    ROS   110105  0002   BE   32 38.39 N  117 40.54 W   GPS  1048   1047
 49MR0505_1  P03      4       1    BUC   110105  0010   UN   32 38.31 N  117 40.60 W   GPS  1023   1031                                  1                            18.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03      4       1    ROS   110105  0027   BO   32 38.25 N  117 40.76 W   GPS   973    971      8     984   994     14      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03      4       1    ROS   110105  0116   EN   32 37.86 N  117 41.01 W   GPS   968    970
 49MR0505_1  P03      6       1    ROS   110105  0246   BE   32 31.70 N  118  1.83 W   GPS  1895   1888
 49MR0505_1  P03      6       1    BUC   110105  0254   UN   32 31.61 N  118  1.75 W   GPS  1909   1906                                  1,33                         17.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03      6       1    UNK   110105  0254   UN   32 31.61 N  118  1.75 W   GPS  1909   1906                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03      6       1    ROS   110105  0322   BO   32 31.33 N  118  1.61 W   GPS  1877   1883      9    1883  1866     19      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03      6       1    ROS   110105  0436   EN   32 30.58 N  118  1.66 W   GPS  1880   1877
 49MR0505_1  P03      8       1    ROS   110105  1758   BE   32 21.83 N  118 20.31 W   GPS   637    639
 49MR0505_1  P03      8       1    BUC   110105  1800   UN   32 21.85 N  118 20.30 W   GPS   638    638                                  1,33                         17.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03      8       1    UNK   110105  1800   UN   32 21.85 N  118 20.30 W   GPS   638    638                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03      8       1    ROS   110105  1814   BO   32 21.94 N  118 20.17 W   GPS   677    677     12     664   669     11      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03      8       1    ROS   110105  1847   EN   32 22.08 N  118 19.87 W   GPS   718    715
 49MR0505_1  P03     10       1    ROS   110105  2044   BE   32  9.19 N  118 45.83 W   GPS  1314   1314
 49MR0505_1  P03     10       1    BUC   110105  2053   UN   32  9.14 N  118 45.71 W   GPS  1304   1303                                  1,33                         18.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     10       1    UNK   110105  2053   UN   32  9.14 N  118 45.71 W   GPS  1304   1303                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     10       1    ROS   110105  2110   BO   32  8.97 N  118 45.65 W   GPS  1288   1300     10    1314  1303     16      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     10       1    ROS   110105  2203   EN   32  8.39 N  118 45.48 W   GPS  1276   1270
 49MR0505_1         502       1    UNK   110105  2217   UN   32  7.50 N  118 47.20 W   GPS  1251   1269                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     12       1    ROS   110205  0011   BE   31 54.62 N  119 15.44 W   GPS  1460   1459
 49MR0505_1  P03     12       1    BUC   110205  0018   UN   31 54.55 N  119 15.48 W   GPS  1414   1413                                  1,33                         18.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     12       1    UNK   110205  0018   UN   31 54.55 N  119 15.48 W   GPS  1414   1413                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     12       1    ROS   110205  0041   BO   31 54.34 N  119 15.49 W   GPS  1293   1287     11    1364  1365     16      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     12       1    ROS   110205  0132   EN   31 53.92 N  119 15.53 W   GPS  1108   1106
 49MR0505_1  P03     14       1    ROS   110205  0250   BE   31 51.16 N  119 21.53 W   GPS  1575   1580
 49MR0505_1  P03     14       1    BUC   110205  0258   UN   31 51.09 N  119 21.56 W   GPS  1639   1633                           1                                   17.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03     14       1    ROS   110205  0323   BO   31 50.89 N  119 21.60 W   GPS  1736   1741     14    1691  1694     18      1-8,23,24,26,27              #5-6 FILTRATED SEAWATER SAMPLE
 49MR0505_1  P03     14       1    ROS   110205  0421   EN   31 50.50 N  119 21.64 W   GPS  1763   1762
 49MR0505_1  P03     16       1    ROS   110205  0542   BE   31 46.14 N  119 31.85 W   GPS  2754   2751
 49MR0505_1  P03     16       1    BUC   110205  0549   UN   31 46.10 N  119 31.86 W   GPS  2776   2772                                  1                            18.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     16       1    ROS   110205  0628   BO   31 45.87 N  119 31.96 W   GPS  2882   2885     11    2813  2822     23      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     16       1    ROS   110205  0753   EN   31 45.29 N  119 32.02 W   GPS  3322   3316
 49MR0505_1  P03     18       1    ROS   110205  0857   BE   31 40.42 N  119 43.02 W   GPS  3750   3739
 49MR0505_1  P03     18       1    BUC   110205  0904   UN   31 40.37 N  119 43.00 W   GPS  3745   3736                                  1                            17.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     18       1    ROS   110205  0957   BO   31 40.25 N  119 43.16 W   GPS  3756   3745     13    3736  3777     28      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     18       1    ROS   110205  1140   EN   31 40.06 N  119 43.43 W   GPS  3751   3742
 49MR0505_1  P03     20       1    ROS   110205  1323   BE   31 30.46 N  120  2.52 W   GPS  3735   3725
 49MR0505_1  P03     20       1    BUC   110205  1331   UN   31 30.39 N  120  2.55 W   GPS  3735   3725                                  1,33                         16.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     20       1    UNK   110205  1340   UN   31 30.30 N  120  2.54 W   GPS  3729   3727                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     20       1    ROS   110205  1423   BO   31 29.92 N  120  2.73 W   GPS  3737   3729    10     3774  3764     27      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     20       1    ROS   110205  1614   EN   31 29.01 N  120  3.66 W   GPS  3760   3746
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    ROS   110205  1820   BE   31 14.04 N  120 33.13 W   GPS  3815   3813
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    BUC   110205  1827   UN   31 14.00 N  120 33.09 W   GPS  3812   3812                                  1,33                         17.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    UNK   110205  1833   UN   31 13.96 N  120 33.08 W   GPS  3814   3813                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    ROS   110205  1919   BO   31 13.67 N  120 33.16 W   GPS  3811   3810     9     3834  3855     36      1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    UNK   110205  1929   BE   31 13.67 N  120 33.16 W   GPS  3811   3811                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    UNK   110205  1947   EN   31 13.67 N  120 33.16 W   GPS  3811   3813
 49MR0505_1  P03     22       1    ROS   110205  2110   EN   31 13.14 N  120 33.06 W   GPS  3815   3814
 49MR0505_1         503       1    UNK   110205  2212   UN   31  6.00 N  120 47.30 W   GPS  3927   3929                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     24       1    ROS   110305  0001   BE   30 53.18 N  121 14.21 W   GPS  3955   3954
 49MR0505_1  P03     24       1    BUC   110305  0009   UN   30 53.11 N  121 14.15 W   GPS  3953   3951                                  1,33                         18.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     24       1    UNK   110305  0015   UN   30 53.06 N  121 14.08 W   GPS  3960   3958                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     24       1    ROS   110305  0105   BO   30 52.71 N  121 14.08 W   GPS  3960   3960    10     3974  4007     28      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     24       1    ROS   110305  0257   EN   30 52.25 N  121 13.86 W   GPS  3989   3989
 49MR0505_1  P03     26       1    ROS   110305  0627   BE   30 29.02 N  122  1.72 W   GPS  3794   3795
 49MR0505_1  P03     26       1    BUC   110305  0634   UN   30 28.95 N  122  1.72 W   GPS  3794   3794                                  1                            18.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03     26       1    ROS   110305  0727   BO   30 28.69 N  122  1.98 W   GPS  3854   3854    11     3825  3848     28      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     26       1    ROS   110305  0911   EN   30 28.09 N  122  2.26 W   GPS  3954   3942
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       1    ROS   110305  1212   BE   30  1.33 N  122 35.09 W   GPS  4324   4327
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       1    BUC   110305  1219   UN   30  1.27 N  122 35.10 W   GPS  4318   4319                                  1,31,33,82                   19.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       1    UNK   110305  1300   UN   30  0.96 N  122 35.23 W   GPS  4301   4324                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       1    ROS   110305  1319   BO   30  0.88 N  122 35.33 W   GPS  4317   4319    10     4324  4357     35      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82  #2 AT OXYCLINE
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       1    ROS   110305  1524   EN   30  0.01 N  122 36.40 W   GPS  4312   4313
 49MR0505_1  P03     28       2    UNK   110305  1524   UN   30  0.01 N  122 36.40 W   GPS  4312   4313                                                               AIR CH4 SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     30       1    ROS   110305  1826   BE   29 32.59 N  123 14.25 W   GPS  4248   4252
 49MR0505_1  P03     30       1    BUC   110305  1833   UN   29 32.51 N  123 14.31 W   GPS  4251   4255                                  1,33                         18.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03     30       1    UNK   110305  1834   UN   29 32.50 N  123 14.32 W   GPS  4265   4257                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     30       1    ROS   110305  1933   BO   29 32.25 N  123 14.81 W   GPS  4257   4260     9     4303  4324     30      1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     30       1    ROS   110305  2129   EN   29 31.95 N  123 15.65 W   GPS  4218   4203
 49MR0505_1         504       1    UNK   110305  2150   UN   29 30.04 N  123 18.33 W   GPS  4244   4264                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     31       1    ROS   110405  0031   BE   29  3.05 N  123 52.38 W   GPS  4468   4442
 49MR0505_1  P03     31       1    BUC   110405  0038   UN   29  3.04 N  123 52.48 W   GPS  4416   4412                                  1,33                         19.3C
 49MR0505_1  P03     31       1    UNK   110405  0043   UN   29  3.05 N  123 52.55 W   GPS  4418   4419                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     31       1    ROS   110405  0143   BO   29  2.97 N  123 53.35 W   GPS  4395   4392    11     4510  4459     30      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     31       1    ROS   110405  0343   EN   29  2.98 N  123 54.93 W   GPS  4418   4423
 49MR0505_1  P03     33       1    ROS   110405  0643   BE   28 35.19 N  124 30.59 W   GPS  4358   4359
 49MR0505_1  P03     33       1    BUC   110405  0649   UN   28 35.15 N  124 30.68 W   GPS  4351   4354                                  1                            19.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     33       1    ROS   110405  0751   BO   28 35.07 N  124 31.33 W   GPS  4334   4333     9     4403  4413     29      1-8,27                       #12 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_1  P03     33       1    ROS   110405  0941   EN   28 35.28 N  124 32.35 W   GPS  4318   4321
 49MR0505_1  P03     34       1    ROS   110405  1246   BE   28  6.15 N  125  7.49 W   GPS  4318   4319
 49MR0505_1  P03     34       1    BUC   110405  1254   UN   28  6.14 N  125  7.58 W   GPS  4310   4316                                  1,33                         20.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     34       1    UNK   110405  1300   UN   28  6.15 N  125  7.65 W   GPS  4300   4303                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     34       1    ROS   110405  1356   BO   28  6.13 N  125  8.28 W   GPS  4289   4295     9     4359  4363     30      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     34       1    ROS   110405  1555   EN   28  6.25 N  125  9.20 W   GPS  4154   4154
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    ROS   110405  1904   BE   27 35.94 N  125 45.65 W   GPS  4409   4414
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    BUC   110405  1911   UN   27 35.95 N  125 45.70 W   GPS  4418   4423                                  1,33                         20.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    UNK   110405  1919   UN   27 35.95 N  125 45.75 W   GPS  4418   4437                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    UNK   110405  2011   BE   27 35.88 N  125 46.16 W   GPS  4493   4489                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    ROS   110405  2016   BO   27 35.88 N  125 46.16 W   GPS  4493   4494     9     4481  4521     33      1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    UNK   110405  2022   EN   27 35.87 N  125 46.20 W   GPS  4493   4494
 49MR0505_1  P03     36       1    ROS   110405  2211   EN   27 35.59 N  125 46.95 W   GPS  4488   4484
 49MR0505_1         505       1    UNK   110405  2229   UN   27 34.09 N  125 49.21 W   GPS  4511   4521                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     38       1    ROS   110505  0106   BE   27  9.13 N  126 22.65 W   GPS  4353   4356
 49MR0505_1  P03     38       1    BUC   110505  0114   UN   27  9.07 N  126 22.68 W   GPS  4346   4348                                  1,33                         20.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03     38       1    UNK   110505  0121   UN   27  9.05 N  126 22.71 W   GPS  4348   4348                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     38       1    ROS   110505  0215   BO   27  8.88 N  126 22.93 W   GPS  4383   4385    11     4355  4402     30      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27        #19 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_1  P03     38       1    ROS   110505  0411   EN   27  8.60 N  126 23.90 W   GPS  4437   4432
 49MR0505_1  P03     40       1    ROS   110505  0709   BE   26 39.58 N  126 57.24 W   GPS  4317   4324
 49MR0505_1  P03     40       1    BUC   110505  0715   UN   26 39.61 N  126 57.35 W   GPS  4322   4329                                  1                            20.6C
 49MR0505_1  P03     40       1    ROS   110505  0819   BO   26 40.00 N  126 58.08 W   GPS  4524   4522     9     4504  4459     31      1-8,27                       #1=#2 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     40       1    ROS   110505  1012   EN   26 40.65 N  126 58.68 W   GPS  4684   4684
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       1    ROS   110505  1322   BE   26 10.69 N  127 34.52 W   GPS  4629   4628
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       1    BUC   110505  1331   UN   26 10.72 N  127 34.67 W   GPS  4628   4627                                  1,31,33                      20.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       1    UNK   110505  1351   UN   26 10.78 N  127 34.97 W   GPS  4611   4597                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       1    ROS   110505  1438   BO   26 10.97 N  127 35.56 W   GPS  4545   4554     8     4721  4668     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,81  #2 AT OXYCLINE
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       1    ROS   110505  1646   EN   26 11.01 N  127 37.21 W   GPS  4555   4549
 49MR0505_1  P03     42       2    UNK   110505  1646   UN   26 11.01 N  127 37.21 W   GPS  4555   4549                                                               AIR CH4 SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     44       1    ROS   110505  1955   BE   25 40.98 N  128 11.85 W   GPS  4280   4276
 49MR0505_1  P03     44       1    BUC   110505  2002   UN   25 41.01 N  128 11.90 W   GPS  4292   4278                                  1,33                         21.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     44       1    UNK   110505  2008   UN   25 41.06 N  128 11.94 W   GPS  4267   4266                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     44       1    ROS   110505  2106   BO   25 41.23 N  128 12.48 W   GPS  4208   4206     9     4264  4277     30      1-8,27                       #1=#3 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1         506       1    UNK   110505  2156   UN   25 41.36 N  128 12.75 W   GPS  4347   4335                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     44       1    ROS   110505  2301   EN   25 41.56 N  128 13.38 W   GPS  4466   4464
 49MR0505_1  P03     46       1    ROS   110605  0400   BE   25 12.87 N  128 48.79 W   GPS  4744   4743
 49MR0505_1  P03     46       1    BUC   110605  0407   UN   25 12.86 N  128 48.88 W   GPS  4741   4704                                  1,33                         21.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     46       1    UNK   110605  0420   UN   25 12.82 N  128 49.02 W   GPS  4741   4743                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     46       1    ROS   110605  0515   BO   25 12.86 N  128 49.47 W   GPS  4669   4675     8     4775  4804     32      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     46       1    ROS   110605  0720   EN   25 13.49 N  128 50.32 W   GPS  4547   4546
 49MR0505_1  P03     48       1    ROS   110605  1032   BE   24 42.70 N  129 24.94 W   GPS  4500   4500
 49MR0505_1  P03     48       1    BUC   110605  1040   UN   24 42.75 N  129 25.00 W   GPS  4501   4500                                  1                            21.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     48       1    ROS   110605  1143   BO   24 43.05 N  129 25.41 W   GPS  4478   4484     9     4523  4556     32      1-8,27                       #1=#4 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     48       1    ROS   110605  1347   EN   24 43.01 N  129 26.16 W   GPS  4491   4486
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    ROS   110605  1648   BE   24 15.44 N  130  1.79 W   GPS  4613   4614
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    BUC   110605  1656   UN   24 15.47 N  130  1.85 W   GPS  4616   4619                                  1,33                         21.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    UNK   110605  1659   UN   24 15.47 N  130  1.88 W   GPS  4626   4626                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
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49MR0505_1.sum FILE CONT'D
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 P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 1
 SHIP/CRS    WOCE                  CAST          UTC EVENT          POSITION                UNC    COR HT ABOVE   WIRE  MAX    NO. OF
 EXPOCODE    SECT  STNNBR  CASTNO  TYPE  DATE    TIME  CODE  LATITUDE    LONGITUDE     NAV  DEPTH  DEPTH  BOTTOM  OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES   PARAMETERS                   COMMENTS
 ----------  ----  ------  ------  ----  ------  ----  ----  ----------  ------------  ---  -----  -----  ------  ----  -----  --------  ---------------------------  ---------------------------------------------
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    ROS   110605  1800   BO   24 15.51 N  130  2.31 W   GPS  4614   4614     9     4635  4684     35      1-8,22,27                    #1=#5 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    UNK   110605  1806   BE   24 15.51 N  130  2.31 W   GPS  4614   4624                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    UNK   110605  1824   EN   24 15.51 N  130  2.31 W   GPS  4614   4611  
 49MR0505_1  P03     50       1    ROS   110605  2008   EN   24 15.58 N  130  3.17 W   GPS  4644   4640  
 49MR0505_1         507       1    UNK   110605  2212   UN   24 15.32 N  130 35.75 W   GPS  4872   4873                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     51       1    ROS   110605  2310   BE   24 15.62 N  130 49.99 W   GPS  4725   4726  
 49MR0505_1  P03     51       1    BUC   110605  2317   UN   24 15.59 N  130 50.06 W   GPS  4742   4742                                 1,33                          21.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03     51       1    UNK   110605  2322   UN   24 15.59 N  130 50.11 W   GPS  4754   4744                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     51       1    ROS   110705  0024   BO   24 15.55 N  130 50.83 W   GPS  4747   4758    10     4826  4821     32     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27         #1=#6 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS, #28 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_1  P03     51       1    ROS   110705  0228   EN   24 15.71 N  130 51.90 W   GPS  4758   4756  
 49MR0505_1  P03     53       1    ROS   110705  0532   BE   24 16.29 N  131 39.16 W   GPS  4692   4694  
 49MR0505_1  P03     53       1    BUC   110705  0539   UN   24 16.31 N  131 39.17 W   GPS  4696   4694                                 1,33                          21.6C
 49MR0505_1  P03     53       1    UNK   110705  0547   UN   24 16.30 N  131 39.20 W   GPS  4696   4693                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     53       1    ROS   110705  0643   BO   24 16.31 N  131 39.38 W   GPS  4695   4694    9      4693  4761     32     1-8,27                        #1=#7 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     53       1    ROS   110705  0845   EN   24 16.14 N  131 39.95 W   GPS  4681   4677  
 49MR0505_1  P03     55       1    ROS   110705  1149   BE   24 14.79 N  132 25.84 W   GPS  4625   4625  
 49MR0505_1  P03     55       1    BUC   110705  1157   UN   24 14.81 N  132 25.86 W   GPS  4642   4626                                 1                             21.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03     55       1    ROS   110705  1304   BO   24 14.71 N  132 26.11 W   GPS  4626   4625   10      4646  4701     32     1-8,27                        #1=#8 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     55       1    ROS   110705  1515   EN   24 14.46 N  132 26.73 W   GPS  4642   4670  
 49MR0505_1  P03     56       1    ROS   110705  1820   BE   24 15.42 N  133 14.25 W   GPS  4874   4866  
 49MR0505_1  P03     56       1    BUC   110705  1827   UN   24 15.37 N  133 14.28 W   GPS  4863   4865                                 1,31,33,82                    21.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     56       1    UNK   110705  1832   UN   24 15.36 N  133 14.31 W   GPS  4873   4864                                                                AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     56       1    ROS   110705  1935   BO   24 15.22 N  133 14.66 W   GPS  4860   4857    9      4881  4938     33     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82      #1=#9 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     56       1    ROS   110705  2139   EN   24 14.91 N  133 15.38 W   GPS  4841   4840  
 49MR0505_1         508       1    UNK   110705  2225   UN   24 14.75 N  133 25.90 W   GPS  4882   4872                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     58       1    ROS   110805  0045   BE   24 15.06 N  134  2.78 W   GPS  4796   4804  
 49MR0505_1  P03     58       1    BUC   110805  0052   UN   24 15.00 N  134  2.80 W   GPS  4808   4798                                 1,33                          21.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     58       1    UNK   110805  0058   UN   24 14.95 N  134  2.83 W   GPS  4815   4809                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     58       1    ROS   110805  0159   BO   24 14.60 N  134  3.16 W   GPS  4842   4831   10     4866  4907      33     1-8,27                        #1=#10 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1         509       1    UNK   110805  0300   UN   24 14.18 N  134  3.43 W   GPS  4842   4845                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.3MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1  P03     58       1    ROS   110805  0407   EN   24 13.60 N  134  4.21 W   GPS  4843   4843  
 49MR0505_1  P03    X17       1    ROS   110805  0748   BE   23 59.89 N  135  0.10 W   GPS  4858   4867  
 49MR0505_1  P03    X17       1    BUC   110805  0756   UN   23 59.80 N  135  0.20 W   GPS  4875   4868                                 1                             22.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03    X17       1    ROS   110805  0904   BO   23 59.80 N  135  0.63 W   GPS  4841   4842    9     4865  4926      33     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27         #1=#11 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03    X17       1    ROS   110805  1107   EN   23 59.85 N  135  1.68 W   GPS  4824   4824  
 49MR0505_1  P03     62       1    ROS   110805  1433   BE   24 15.15 N  135 37.46 W   GPS  4491   4500  
 49MR0505_1  P03     62       1    BUC   110805  1444   UN   24 15.24 N  135 37.57 W   GPS  4497   4492                                 1,33                          21.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     62       1    UNK   110805  1449   UN   24 15.26 N  135 37.64 W   GPS  4478   4474                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     62       1    ROS   110805  1550   BO   24 15.47 N  135 37.98 W   GPS  4462   4472   10     4487  4537      31     1-8,27                        #1=#12 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     62       1    ROS   110805  1758   EN   24 15.96 N  135 39.74 W   GPS  4442   4438  
 49MR0505_1  P03     64       1    ROS   110805  2110   BE   24 14.13 N  136 26.57 W   GPS  4450   4461  
 49MR0505_1  P03     64       1    BUC   110805  2120   UN   24 14.25 N  136 26.64 W   GPS  4459   4462                                 1,33                          22.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     64       1    UNK   110805  2133   UN   24 14.38 N  136 26.74 W   GPS  4417   4425                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     64       1    ROS   110805  2229   BO   24 14.74 N  136 27.37 W   GPS  4272   4293   10     4492  4459      31     1-8,23,24,26,27               #1=#13 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1         510       1    UNK   110805  2237   UN   24 14.81 N  136 27.46 W   GPS  4287   4287                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     64       1    ROS   110905  0037   EN   24 15.28 N  136 28.65 W   GPS  4593   4589  
 49MR0505_1  P03     66       1    ROS   110905  0336   BE   24 14.14 N  137 13.14 W   GPS  4841   4840  
 49MR0505_1  P03     66       1    BUC   110905  0346   UN   24 14.10 N  137 13.19 W   GPS  4840   4835                                 1,33                          22.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     66       1    UNK   110905  0353   UN   24 14.07 N  137 13.22 W   GPS  4840   4830                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     66       1    ROS   110905  0454   BO   24 14.08 N  137 13.84 W   GPS  4838   4828    9     4909  4900      33     1-8,27                        #1=#14 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     66       1    ROS   110905  0702   EN   24 14.44 N  137 15.01 W   GPS  4827   4832  
 49MR0505_1  P03     67       1    ROS   110905  0958   BE   24 13.86 N  137 59.86 W   GPS  4894   4894  
 49MR0505_1  P03     67       1    BUC   110905  1006   UN   24 13.86 N  137 59.97 W   GPS  4914   4904                                 1                             22.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03     67       1    ROS   110905  1117   BO   24 14.17 N  138  0.53 W   GPS  4942   4944   10     4990  5012      33     1-8,27                        #1=#15 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     67       1    ROS   110905  1333   EN   24 14.68 N  138  1.32 W   GPS  4958   4957  
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       1    ROS   110905  1634   BE   24 14.60 N  138 47.98 W   GPS  5169   5171  
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       1    BUC   110905  1644   UN   24 14.66 N  138 48.13 W   GPS  5172   5173                                 1,31,33                       22.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       1    UNK   110905  1650   UN   24 14.71 N  138 48.19 W   GPS  5168   5174                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       1    ROS   110905  1756   BO   24 14.94 N  138 48.19 W   GPS  5174   5180   10     5178  5255      34     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33         #1=#16 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       1    ROS   110905  2014   EN   24 15.49 N  138 48.77 W   GPS  5187   5190  
 49MR0505_1  P03     69       2    UNK   110905  2014   UN   24 15.49 N  138 48.77 W   GPS  5187   5190                                                               AIR CH4 SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     71       1    ROS   110905  2332   BE   24 14.67 N  139 37.38 W   GPS  4691   4696  
 49MR0505_1         511       1    UNK   110905  2338   UN   24 14.72 N  139 37.41 W   GPS  4687   4687                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     71       1    BUC   110905  2340   UN   24 14.73 N  139 37.42 W   GPS  4706   4701                                 1,33                          22.6C
 49MR0505_1  P03     71       1    UNK   110905  2344   UN   24 14.77 N  139 37.45 W   GPS  4678   4709                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     71       1    ROS   111005  0045   BO   24 15.37 N  139 37.70 W   GPS  4719   4723   10     4718  4719      35     1-8,27,64,81
 49MR0505_1  P03     71       1    ROS   111005  0253   EN   24 15.99 N  139 38.91 W   GPS  4817   4821  
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    ROS   111005  0542   BE   24 14.16 N  140 21.37 W   GPS  4810   4807  
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    BUC   111005  0551   UN   24 14.15 N  140 21.53 W   GPS  4816   4813                                 1                             22.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    ROS   111005  0657   BO   24 14.58 N  140 21.99 W   GPS  4809   4812   10     4887  4882      36     1-8,22,27                     #1=#17 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    UNK   111005  0700   BE   24 14.62 N  140 22.01 W   GPS  4810   4811                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    UNK   111005  0713   EN   24 14.70 N  140 22.06 W   GPS  4810   4811  
 49MR0505_1  P03     73       1    ROS   111005  0902   EN   24 15.34 N  140 22.70 W   GPS  4810   4810  
 49MR0505_1         512       1    UNK   111005  2306   UN   24 12.88 N  140 44.16 W   GPS  4777   4775                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1         513       1    UNK   111105  0000   BE   24 13.58 N  140 45.13 W   GPS  4439   4446                                                               FIGURE-OF-EIGHT SAILING FOR MAGNETOMETER
 49MR0505_1         513       1    UNK   111105  0023   EN   24 13.91 N  140 45.26 W   GPS  4418   4453  
 49MR0505_1  P03     74       1    ROS   111105  1403   BE   24 16.37 N  141  8.47 W   GPS  4989   4990  
 49MR0505_1  P03     74       1    BUC   111105  1410   UN   24 16.41 N  141  8.51 W   GPS  4990   4990                                 1,33                          22.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03     74       1    UNK   111105  1420   UN   24 16.46 N  141  8.59 W   GPS  4989   4992                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     74       1    ROS   111105  1523   BO   24 16.94 N  141  8.96 W   GPS  4992   4991    9     5043  5066      34     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27         #1=#18 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     74       1    ROS   111105  1735   EN   24 18.01 N  141  9.59 W   GPS  5014   5015  
 49MR0505_1  P03     76       1    ROS   111105  2016   BE   24 15.06 N  141 50.83 W   GPS  4645   4642  
 49MR0505_1  P03     76       1    BUC   111105  2024   UN   24 15.13 N  141 50.89 W   GPS  4629   4632                                 1,33                          22.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03     76       1    UNK   111105  2030   UN   24 15.17 N  141 50.95 W   GPS  4632   4629                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1         514       1    UNK   111105  2106   UN   24 15.50 N  141 51.17 W   GPS  4594   4600                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.6MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1  P03     76       1    ROS   111105  2133   BO   24 15.64 N  141 51.34 W   GPS  4612   4613    9     4697  4698      32     1-8,27                        #1=#19 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1         515       1    UNK   111105  2309   UN   24 16.41 N  141 52.04 W   GPS  4628   4619                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     76       1    ROS   111105  2337   EN   24 16.67 N  141 52.41 W   GPS  4600   4600  
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       1    ROS   111205  0222   BE   24 14.70 N  142 34.96 W   GPS  4800   4798  
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       1    BUC   111205  0228   UN   24 14.77 N  142 35.01 W   GPS  4801   4800                                 1,31,33,82                    23.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       1    UNK   111205  0240   UN   24 14.90 N  142 35.12 W   GPS  4796   4784                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       1    ROS   111205  0335   BO   24 15.46 N  142 35.32 W   GPS  4794   4794    9     4861  4854      33     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82      #1=#20 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       1    ROS   111205  0538   EN   24 16.60 N  142 35.93 W   GPS  4762   4762  
 49MR0505_1  P03     77       2    UNK   111205  0540   UN   24 16.61 N  142 35.97 W   GPS  4744   4744                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     79       1    ROS   111205  0831   BE   24 15.43 N  143 19.04 W   GPS  4464   4458  
 49MR0505_1  P03     79       1    BUC   111205  0840   UN   24 15.55 N  143 19.02 W   GPS  4452   4452                                 1                             23.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03     79       1    ROS   111205  0942   BO   24 15.92 N  143 18.92 W   GPS  4417   4418    9     4468  4506      31     1-8,27                        #1=#21 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     79       1    ROS   111205  1137   EN   24 16.29 N  143 18.75 W   GPS  4460   4463  
 49MR0505_1  P03     81       1    ROS   111205  1430   BE   24 14.23 N  144  2.15 W   GPS  5197   5207  
 49MR0505_1  P03     81       1    BUC   111205  1438   UN   24 14.36 N  144  2.20 W   GPS  5269   5272                                 1,33                          22.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03     81       1    UNK   111205  1443   UN   24 14.44 N  144  2.22 W   GPS  5270   5272                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     81       1    ROS   111205  1556   BO   24 15.27 N  144  2.42 W   GPS  5293   5292   10     5376  5362      35     1-8,23,24,26,27               #1=#22 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     81       1    ROS   111205  1824   EN   24 17.16 N  144  3.11 W   GPS  5253   5255  
 49MR0505_1  P03     83       1    ROS   111205  2119   BE   24 13.87 N  144 47.82 W   GPS  5210   5204  
 49MR0505_1  P03     83       1    BUC   111205  2126   UN   24 13.93 N  144 47.90 W   GPS  5205   5202                                 1,33                          23.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     83       1    UNK   111205  2135   UN   24 14.01 N  144 47.97 W   GPS  5206   5204                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1         516       1    UNK   111205  2235   UN   24 14.63 N  144 48.25 W   GPS  5209   5205                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     83       1    ROS   111205  2244   BO   24 14.71 N  144 48.31 W   GPS  5205   5203   10     5335  5282      34     1-8,27                        #1=#23 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     83       1    ROS   111305  0105   EN   24 16.14 N  144 49.34 W   GPS  5221   5220  
 49MR0505_1  P03     84       1    ROS   111305  0337   BE   24 17.26 N  145 28.07 W   GPS  5181   5190  
 49MR0505_1  P03     84       1    BUC   111305  0343   UN   24 17.33 N  145 28.10 W   GPS  5189   5188                                 1,33                          23.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     84       1    UNK   111305  0350   UN   24 17.40 N  145 28.14 W   GPS  5205   5218                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     84       1    ROS   111305  0458   BO   24 18.15 N  145 28.53 W   GPS  5162   5172   10     5306  5277      35     1-8,23,24,26,27               #1=#24 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     84       1    ROS   111305  0714   EN   24 19.54 N  145 28.88 W   GPS  5172   5186  
 49MR0505_1  P03     86       1    ROS   111305  1015   BE   24 13.71 N  146 13.70 W   GPS  5270   5243  
 49MR0505_1  P03     86       1    BUC   111305  1022   UN   24 13.79 N  146 13.69 W   GPS  5250   5240                                 1                             23.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     86       1    ROS   111305  1135   BO   24 14.38 N  146 13.56 W   GPS  5258   5259    9     5285  5316      35     1-8,27                        #1=#25 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     86       1    ROS   111305  1353   EN   24 15.74 N  146 13.60 W   GPS  5308   5308  
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    ROS   111305  1645   BE   24 13.76 N  146 55.99 W   GPS  5221   5228  
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    BUC   111305  1653   UN   24 13.88 N  146 56.01 W   GPS  5222   5219                                 1,33                          23.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    UNK   111305  1657   UN   24 13.90 N  146 56.00 W   GPS  5225   5226                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    ROS   111305  1808   BO   24 14.44 N  146 56.11 W   GPS  5257   5263   10     5282  5342      36     1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    UNK   111305  1815   BE   24 14.48 N  146 56.10 W   GPS  5268   5260                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    UNK   111305  1828   EN   24 14.54 N  146 56.06 W   GPS  5240   5257  
 49MR0505_1  P03     88       1    ROS   111305  2028   EN   24 15.27 N  146 55.98 W   GPS  5291   5284  
 49MR0505_1  P03     90       1    ROS   111305  2331   BE   24 15.40 N  147 41.79 W   GPS  5566   5555  
 49MR0505_1  P03     90       1    BUC   111305  2338   UN   24 15.49 N  147 41.78 W   GPS  5569   5567                                 1,33                          24.1C
 49MR0505_1         517       1    UNK   111305  2338   UN   24 15.49 N  147 41.79 W   GPS  5534   5567                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     90       1    UNK   111305  2344   UN   24 15.58 N  147 41.78 W   GPS  5542   5557                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     90       1    ROS   111405  0102   BO   24 16.58 N  147 41.88 W   GPS  5526   5530   10     5748  5666      35     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03     90       1    ROS   111405  0326   EN   24 17.94 N  147 42.14 W   GPS  5519   5504  
 49MR0505_1  P03     92       1    ROS   111405  0619   BE   24 14.97 N  148 26.07 W   GPS  5487   5472  
 49MR0505_1  P03     92       1    BUC   111405  0626   UN   24 15.02 N  148 26.09 W   GPS  5481   5483                                 1,33                          23.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     92       1    UNK   111405  0632   UN   24 15.05 N  148 26.13 W   GPS  5483   5482                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     92       1    ROS   111405  0742   BO   24 15.35 N  148 26.27 W   GPS  5472   5474    9     5480  5566      36     1-8,27                        #1=#26 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS
 49MR0505_1  P03     92       1    ROS   111405  1002   EN   24 15.78 N  148 26.50 W   GPS  5442   5472  
 49MR0505_1  P03     94       1    ROS   111405  1250   BE   24 14.39 N  149  9.11 W   GPS  5407   5411  
 49MR0505_1  P03     94       1    BUC   111405  1257   UN   24 14.44 N  149  9.17 W   GPS  5417   5413                                 1,31,33                       23.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03     94       1    ROS   111405  1414   BO   24 15.09 N  149  9.50 W   GPS  5340   5337   13     5399  5417      34     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33
 49MR0505_1  P03     94       1    ROS   111405  1636   EN   24 16.65 N  149  9.74 W   GPS  5396   5387  
 49MR0505_1  P03     94       1    UNK   111405  1636   UN   24 16.65 N  149  9.74 W   GPS  5396   5387                                                               AIR CH4 SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     96       1    ROS   111405  1930   BE   24 14.63 N  149 53.26 W   GPS  5331   5330  
 49MR0505_1  P03     96       1    BUC   111405  1936   UN   24 14.65 N  149 53.31 W   GPS  5342   5340                                 1,33                          24.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03     96       1    UNK   111405  1945   UN   24 14.70 N  149 53.37 W   GPS  5356   5340                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     96       1    ROS   111405  2053   BO   24 15.18 N  149 53.63 W   GPS  5340   5346   10     5369  5422      35     1-8,27,64,81                  #3=150 AT OXYCLINE SMPL, #26 NOT FIRE
 49MR0505_1         518       1    UNK   111405  2248   UN   24 15.95 N  149 54.20 W   GPS  5335   5322                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     96       1    ROS   111405  2321   EN   24 16.24 N  149 54.39 W   GPS  5327   5324  
 49MR0505_1  P03     98       1    ROS   111505  0211   BE   24 14.42 N  150 38.05 W   GPS  5382   5384  
 49MR0505_1  P03     98       1    BUC   111505  0218   UN   24 14.52 N  150 38.14 W   GPS  5382   5377                                 1,33                          24.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03     98       1    UNK   111505  0224   UN   24 14.59 N  150 38.16 W   GPS  5368   5375                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     98       1    ROS   111505  0333   BO   24 15.15 N  150 38.37 W   GPS  5374   5374    9     5424  5464      34     1-8,23,24,26,27               #23 NUTRIENT DAMMY SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03     98       1    ROS   111505  0549   EN   24 16.03 N  150 38.89 W   GPS  5422   5422  
 49MR0505_1  P03    100       1    ROS   111505  0829   BE   24 15.51 N  151 18.89 W   GPS  5473   5470  
 49MR0505_1  P03    100       1    BUC   111505  0836   UN   24 15.58 N  151 18.93 W   GPS  5481   5474                                 1                             24.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03    100       1    ROS   111505  0953   BO   24 16.08 N  151 19.18 W   GPS  5463   5458    9     5518  5564      35     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    100       1    ROS   111505  1218   EN   24 16.91 N  151 19.68 W   GPS  5472   5473  
 49MR0505_1  P03    X16       1    ROS   111505  1506   BE   23 59.69 N  151 58.67 W   GPS  5461   5462  
 49MR0505_1  P03    X16       1    BUC   111505  1512   UN   23 59.71 N  151 58.73 W   GPS  5452   5454                                 1,33                          24.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03    X16       1    UNK   111505  1518   UN   23 59.76 N  151 58.77 W   GPS  5442   5445                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    X16       1    ROS   111505  1632   BO   24  0.42 N  151 59.12 W   GPS  5466   5468   10     5495  5531      34     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    X16       1    ROS   111505  1856   EN   24  1.64 N  151 59.54 W   GPS  5514   5515  
 49MR0505_1  P03    104       1    ROS   111505  2140   BE   24 15.35 N  152 37.96 W   GPS  5333   5327  
 49MR0505_1  P03    104       1    BUC   111505  2146   UN   24 15.41 N  152 38.02 W   GPS  5335   5337                                 1,33                          24.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03    104       1    UNK   111505  2152   UN   24 15.46 N  152 38.06 W   GPS  5366   5371                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    104       1    ROS   111505  2307   BO   24 16.18 N  152 38.31 W   GPS  5255   5260   10     5419  5408      34     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1         519       1    UNK   111505  2322   UN   24 16.31 N  152 38.34 W   GPS  5267   5267                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    104       1    ROS   111605  0126   EN   24 17.36 N  152 39.06 W   GPS  5249   5249  
 49MR0505_1  P03    106       1    ROS   111605  0401   BE   24 15.40 N  153 18.16 W   GPS  5142   5143  
 49MR0505_1  P03    106       1    BUC   111605  0408   UN   24 15.48 N  153 18.21 W   GPS  5142   5144                                 1,31,33,82                    24.6C
 49MR0505_1  P03    106       1    UNK   111605  0420   UN   24 15.64 N  153 18.32 W   GPS  5140   5139                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    106       1    ROS   111605  0521   BO   24 16.34 N  153 18.49 W   GPS  5154   5146   10     5267  5213      33     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82
 49MR0505_1  P03    106       1    ROS   111605  0741   EN   24 17.49 N  153 18.68 W   GPS  5124   5124  
 49MR0505_1  P03    108       1    ROS   111605  1016   BE   24 15.39 N  153 57.28 W   GPS  4861   4851  
 49MR0505_1  P03    108       1    BUC   111605  1023   UN   24 15.49 N  153 57.28 W   GPS  4863   4863                                 1                             24.4C
 49MR0505_1  P03    108       1    ROS   111605  1133   BO   24 16.14 N  153 57.22 W   GPS  4877   4877    9     4943  4932      32     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    108       1    ROS   111605  1345   EN   24 17.25 N  153 57.24 W   GPS  4913   4913  
 49MR0505_1         520       1    UNK   111605  1620   UN   24 14.17 N  154 37.59 W   GPS  4665   4664                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.6MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1  P03    110       1    ROS   111605  1624   BE   24 14.14 N  154 37.59 W   GPS  4663   4664  
 49MR0505_1  P03    110       1    BUC   111605  1631   UN   24 14.22 N  154 37.65 W   GPS  4662   4666                                 1,33                          24.3C
 49MR0505_1  P03    110       1    UNK   111605  1636   UN   24 14.28 N  154 37.67 W   GPS  4666   4666                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    110       1    ROS   111605  1740   BO   24 15.01 N  154 37.95 W   GPS  4681   4681   10     4755  4743      31     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    110       1    ROS   111605  1955   EN   24 16.53 N  154 38.27 W   GPS  4697   4689  
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    ROS   111605  2227   BE   24 17.12 N  155 16.62 W   GPS  4578   4583  
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    BUC   111605  2234   UN   24 17.23 N  155 16.67 W   GPS  4581   4582                                 1,33                          25.1C
 49MR0505_1         521       1    UNK   111605  2234   UN   24 17.23 N  155 16.67 W   GPS  4582   4582                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    UNK   111605  2239   UN   24 17.30 N  155 16.70 W   GPS  4581   4581                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    UNK   111605  2342   BE   24 18.08 N  155 17.09 W   GPS  4582   4583                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    ROS   111605  2344   BO   24 18.10 N  155 17.10 W   GPS  4585   4583   10     4715  4645      34     1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    UNK   111605  2354   EN   24 18.21 N  155 17.13 W   GPS  4582   4582  
 49MR0505_1  P03    112       1    ROS   111705  0144   EN   24 19.75 N  155 17.69 W   GPS  4581   4583  
 49MR0505_1  P03    114       1    ROS   111705  0427   BE   24 15.97 N  155 57.39 W   GPS  4547   4525  
 49MR0505_1  P03    114       1    BUC   111705  0433   UN   24 16.07 N  155 57.39 W   GPS  4534   4532                                 1,33                          25.0C
 49MR0505_1  P03    114       1    UNK   111705  0440   UN   24 16.16 N  155 57.39 W   GPS  4541   4533                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    114       1    ROS   111705  0539   BO   24 16.93 N  155 57.46 W   GPS  4515   4515    9     4643  4600      31     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27         JERRY FISH AT TC DUCT
 49MR0505_1  P03    114       1    ROS   111705  0745   EN   24 18.38 N  155 57.11 W   GPS  4520   4525  
 49MR0505_1  P03    116       1    ROS   111705  1056   BE   24 14.96 N  156 43.73 W   GPS  4309   4331  
 49MR0505_1  P03    116       1    BUC   111705  1103   UN   24 15.07 N  156 43.68 W   GPS  4354   4350                                 1                             24.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03    116       1    ROS   111705  1205   BO   24 15.64 N  156 43.54 W   GPS  4409   4405   10     4414  4421      29     1-8,27                        #36 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_1  P03    116       1    ROS   111705  1407   EN   24 16.60 N  156 43.27 W   GPS  4453   4453  
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       1    ROS   111705  1719   BE   24 15.81 N  157 29.66 W   GPS  4423   4466  
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       1    BUC   111705  1726   UN   24 15.89 N  157 29.65 W   GPS  4459   4471                                 1,31,33                       24.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       1    UNK   111705  1740   UN   24 16.08 N  157 29.62 W   GPS  4510   4482                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       1    ROS   111705  1832   BO   24 16.60 N  157 29.53 W   GPS  4488   4484   10     4543  4539      30     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       1    ROS   111705  2036   EN   24 17.60 N  157 28.95 W   GPS  4511   4489  
 49MR0505_1  P03    118       2    UNK   111705  2036   UN   24 17.60 N  157 28.95 W   GPS  4511   4489                                                               AIR CH4 SMPL
 49MR0505_1         522       1    UNK   111705  2216   UN   24 36.40 N  157 43.41 W   GPS  4633   4635                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    120       1    ROS   111805  0013   BE   25  0.05 N  157 59.97 W   GPS  4597   4599                                                               STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH
 49MR0505_1  P03    120       1    BUC   111805  0020   UN   25  0.11 N  158  0.01 W   GPS  4582   4589                                 1,33                          25.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03    120       1    UNK   111805  0032   UN   25  0.18 N  158  0.12 W   GPS  4607   4604                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    120       1    ROS   111805  0124   BO   25  0.32 N  158  0.15 W   GPS  4648   4630   10     4596  4653      35     1-8,27,64,81
 49MR0505_1  P03    120       1    ROS   111805  0325   EN   25  0.84 N  158  0.40 W   GPS  4731   4743  
 49MR0505_1  P03    122       1    ROS   111805  0940   BE   25 49.98 N  159  0.45 W   GPS  5054   5060                                                               STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH
 49MR0505_1  P03    122       1    BUC   111805  0947   UN   25 49.96 N  159  0.47 W   GPS  5058   5060                                 1                             25.1C
 49MR0505_1  P03    122       1    ROS   111805  1100   BO   25 50.19 N  159  0.84 W   GPS  5058   5061   10     5095  5137      33     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    122       1    ROS   111805  1312   EN   25 50.86 N  159  1.82 W   GPS  5057   5062  
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    ROS   111805  1612   BE   25 50.14 N  159 46.69 W   GPS  4563   4564                                                               STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    BUC   111805  1619   UN   25 50.20 N  159 46.72 W   GPS  4556   4558                                 1,33                          25.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    UNK   111805  1624   UN   25 50.21 N  159 46.76 W   GPS  4549   4554                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    ROS   111805  1724   BO   25 50.38 N  159 47.24 W   GPS  4534   4535    8     4582  4620      34     1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    UNK   111805  1724   BE   25 50.39 N  159 47.27 W   GPS  4535   4535                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    UNK   111805  1724   EN   25 50.51 N  159 47.41 W   GPS  4507   4535  
 49MR0505_1  P03    124       1    ROS   111805  1933   EN   25 50.96 N  159 48.30 W   GPS  4376   4376  
 49MR0505_1         523       1    UNK   111805  2152   UN   25 50.11 N  160 25.67 W   GPS  5076   5073                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    126       1    ROS   111805  2221   BE   25 50.12 N  160 31.78 W   GPS  5089   5083  
 49MR0505_1  P03    126       1    BUC   111805  2228   UN   25 50.17 N  160 31.85 W   GPS  5077   5080                                 1,33                          25.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03    126       1    UNK   111805  2233   UN   25 50.22 N  160 31.90 W   GPS  5078   5088                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    126       1    ROS   111805  2345   BO   25 50.73 N  160 32.69 W   GPS  5079   5077   10     5213  5160      33     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    126       1    ROS   111905  0157   EN   25 51.24 N  160 34.32 W   GPS  5074   5075  
 49MR0505_1  P03    128       1    ROS   111905  1057   BE   25 50.13 N  161 15.26 W   GPS  4994   4992  
 49MR0505_1  P03    128       1    BUC   111905  1104   UN   25 50.18 N  161 15.31 W   GPS  4992   4991                                 1                             25.2C
 49MR0505_1  P03    128       1    ROS   111905  1215   BO   25 50.71 N  161 15.36 W   GPS  4994   4996   10     5021  5068      33     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    128       1    ROS   111905  1428   EN   25 51.70 N  161 15.40 W   GPS  4997   5002  
 49MR0505_1         524       1    UNK   111905  2232   UN   25  9.84 N  161 58.56 W   GPS  3029   3016                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         525       1    UNK   111905  2246   UN   25  8.57 N  161 59.78 W   GPS  2227   2227                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    130       1    ROS   111905  2328   BE   25  5.70 N  162  1.94 W   GPS  3314   3309  
 49MR0505_1  P03    130       1    BUC   111905  2335   UN   25  5.68 N  162  1.82 W   GPS  3348   3356                                 1,33                          25.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03    130       1    UNK   111905  2335   UN   25  5.68 N  162  1.82 W   GPS  3350   3356                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    130       1    ROS   112005  0023   BO   25  5.78 N  162  1.66 W   GPS  3350   3335   10     3377  3410      26     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1         526       1    UNK   112005  0110   UN   25  6.06 N  162  1.74 W   GPS  3145   3138                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.3MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1  P03    130       1    ROS   112005  0202   EN   25  6.21 N  162  1.67 W   GPS  3010   3012  
 49MR0505_1  P03    132       1    ROS   112005  0508   BE   25 16.72 N  162 44.30 W   GPS  5006   5006  
 49MR0505_1  P03    132       1    BUC   112005  0515   UN   25 16.72 N  162 44.20 W   GPS  5005   5006                                 1,33                          25.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03    132       1    UNK   112005  0518   UN   25 16.71 N  162 44.18 W   GPS  5007   5006                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    132       1    ROS   112005  0626   BO   25 16.43 N  162 43.44 W   GPS  5005   5006   10     5104  5078      33     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    132       1    ROS   112005  0845   EN   25 16.17 N  162 42.32 W   GPS  5008   5006  
 49MR0505_1  P03    134       1    ROS   112005  1208   BE   25 30.64 N  163 29.56 W   GPS  5006   5005  
 49MR0505_1  P03    134       1    BUC   112005  1215   UN   25 30.66 N  163 29.51 W   GPS  5000   5001                                 1,31,33,82                    24.8C
 49MR0505_1  P03    134       1    ROS   112005  1327   BO   25 30.92 N  163 28.72 W   GPS  5005   4999   10     5077  5070      36     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_1  P03    134       1    ROS   112005  1539   EN   25 31.31 N  163 27.62 W   GPS  4994   5000  
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    ROS   112005  1859   BE   25 30.47 N  164 18.36 W   GPS  4347   4344  
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    BUC   112005  1905   UN   25 30.52 N  164 18.26 W   GPS  4332   4331                                 1,33                          24.9C
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    UNK   112005  1910   UN   25 30.51 N  164 18.20 W   GPS  4330   4321                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    ROS   112005  2005   BO   25 30.35 N  164 17.48 W   GPS  4225   4225   10     4334  4295      32     1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    UNK   112005  2013   BE   25 30.31 N  164 17.42 W   GPS  4238   4223                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    UNK   112005  2027   EN   25 30.24 N  164 17.29 W   GPS  4202   4194  
 49MR0505_1         527       1    UNK   112005  2146   UN   25 29.94 N  164 16.34 W   GPS  4022   4022                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    136       1    ROS   112005  2204   EN   25 29.93 N  164 16.06 W   GPS  3957   3933  
 49MR0505_1  P03    138       1    ROS   112105  0107   BE   25 30.08 N  165  0.33 W   GPS  4892   4887  
 49MR0505_1  P03    138       1    BUC   112105  0114   UN   25 30.07 N  165  0.25 W   GPS  4885   4892                                 1,33                          25.3C
 49MR0505_1  P03    138       1    UNK   112105  0119   UN   25 30.08 N  165  0.19 W   GPS  4885   4889                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    138       1    ROS   112105  0222   BO   25 29.98 N  164 59.62 W   GPS  4887   4883   10     4917  4954      32     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    138       1    ROS   112105  0429   EN   25 29.82 N  164 58.71 W   GPS  4876   4876  
 49MR0505_1  P03    140       1    ROS   112105  0743   BE   25 28.95 N  165 43.64 W   GPS  4869   4871  
 49MR0505_1  P03    140       1    BUC   112105  0751   UN   25 28.86 N  165 43.45 W   GPS  4870   4872                                 1,33                          25.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03    140       1    UNK   112105  0757   UN   25 28.80 N  165 43.39 W   GPS  4870   4871                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    140       1    ROS   112105  0900   BO   25 28.23 N  165 42.82 W   GPS  4870   4870    8     4970  4938      32     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    140       1    ROS   112105  1109   EN   25 27.12 N  165 41.74 W   GPS  4886   4882  
 49MR0505_1  P03    142       1    ROS   112105  1318   BE   25 10.37 N  166  4.12 W   GPS  5015   5018  
 49MR0505_1  P03    142       1    BUC   112105  1325   UN   25 10.30 N  166  4.00 W   GPS  5008   5015                                 1                             25.7C
 49MR0505_1  P03    142       1    ROS   112105  1435   BO   25  9.85 N  166  3.35 W   GPS  5014   5019    8     5079  5088      33     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    142       1    ROS   112105  1649   EN   25  8.91 N  166  2.24 W   GPS  5013   5016  
 49MR0505_1  P03    144       1    ROS   112105  1843   BE   24 53.73 N  166 21.19 W   GPS  5076   5082  
 49MR0505_1  P03    144       1    BUC   112105  1850   UN   24 53.64 N  166 21.06 W   GPS  5086   5090                                 1,33                          25.6C
 49MR0505_1  P03    144       1    UNK   112105  1857   UN   24 53.60 N  166 21.01 W   GPS  5076   5083                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    144       1    ROS   112105  2003   BO   24 53.20 N  166 20.61 W   GPS  5079   5086   10     5130  5160      33     1-8,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    144       1    ROS   112105  2225   EN   24 52.28 N  166 19.98 W   GPS  5082   5090  
 49MR0505_1  P03    146       1    ROS   112105  2348   BE   24 40.67 N  166 33.59 W   GPS  5129   5127  
 49MR0505_1         528       1    UNK   112105  2349   UN   24 40.68 N  166 33.60 W   GPS  5128   5128                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    146       1    BUC   112105  2354   UN   24 40.64 N  166 33.58 W   GPS  5143   5128                                 1,33                          25.5C
 49MR0505_1  P03    146       1    UNK   112105  2359   UN   24 40.61 N  166 33.58 W   GPS  5126   5127                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_1  P03    146       1    ROS   112205  0107   BO   24 40.03 N  166 33.44 W   GPS  5124   5127   10     5169  5202      33     1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_1  P03    146       1    ROS   112205  0329   EN   24 39.16 N  166 33.38 W   GPS  5116   5114  
 49MR0505_1         529       1    UNK   112205  0551   UN   24 28.74 N  166 52.84 W   GPS  1579   1581                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.4MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         530       1    UNK   112205  1632   UN   22 47.77 N  166 29.47 W   GPS  4667   4667                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.2MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         531       1    UNK   112205  2313   UN   22 18.45 N  165 17.57 W   GPS  4653   4653                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_1         532       1    UNK   112205  2326   UN   22 17.33 N  165 14.83 W   GPS  4659   4656                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.2MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         533       1    UNK   112305  0235   UN   22  2.35 N  164 36.79 W   GPS  4586   4586                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.3MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         534       1    UNK   112305  1615   UN   21  0.80 N  162  7.74 W   GPS  4601   4605                                                               RAIN SMPL (3.8MM/HR)
 49MR0505_1         535       1    UNK   112305  2136   UN   20 37.13 N  161 10.42 W   GPS  4736   4736                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Parameter     
  1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=Δ^(14)C, 13=δ13C, 22=^(137)CS, 23=Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 
  42= Abundance of bacteria, 64=Incubation, 81=Particulate organic matter, 82=^(15)NO3


49MR0505_2.sum file
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 2
 SHIP/CRS    WOCE                   CAST          UTC EVENT          POSITION                 UNC    COR HT ABOVE   WIRE  MAX    NO. OF
 EXPOCODE    SECT  STNNBR   CASTNO  TYPE   DATE   TIME  CODE   LATITUDE     LONGITUDE    NAV  DEPTH  DEPTH  BOTTOM  OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES   PARAMETERS                   COMMENTS
 ----------  ----  -------  ------  ----  ------  ----  ----  -----------  ------------  ---  -----  -----  ------  ----  -----  --------  ---------------------------  ---------------------------------------------
 49MR0505_2          536      1     UNK   113005  0019   UN   24 39.48 N   166 19.81 W   GPS  4927   4925                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    146      2     ROS   113005  0154   BE   24 40.60 N   166 33.54 W   GPS  5125   5125
 49MR0505_2   P03    146      2     BUC   113005  0203   UN   24 40.50 N   166 33.50 W   GPS  5125   5125                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    146      2     UNK   113005  0217   UN   24 40.40 N   166 33.41 W   GPS  5126   5127                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    146      2     ROS   113005  0318   BO   24 39.98 N   166 33.05 W   GPS  5110   5110      9    5143  5198     33      1-8,23,24,26,27              #4 FOR CHLORA FILTERATION (3000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    146      2     ROS   113005  0540   EN   24 39.40 N   166 32.35 W   GPS  5109   5109
 49MR0505_2   P03    148      1     ROS   113005  0741   BE   24 36.02 N   166 39.77 W   GPS  4176   4177
 49MR0505_2   P03    148      1     BUC   113005  0749   UN   24 36.03 N   166 39.78 W   GPS  4177   4180                                  1,33                         25.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    148      1     UNK   113005  0801   UN   24 36.05 N   166 39.74 W   GPS  4194   4195                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    148      1     ROS   113005  0848   BO   24 36.03 N   166 39.64 W   GPS  4209   4213      9    4202  4260     30      1-8,27                       #2=#1 DUPL SMPLS (B-10DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    148      1     ROS   113005  1044   EN   24 36.23 N   166 39.28 W   GPS  4414   4416
 49MR0505_2   P03    150      1     ROS   113005  1241   BE   24 30.29 N   166 43.81 W   GPS  3368   3377
 49MR0505_2   P03    150      1     BUC   113005  1249   UN   24 30.29 N   166 43.81 W   GPS  3395   3394                                  1                            25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    150      1     ROS   113005  1339   BO   24 30.31 N   166 43.89 W   GPS  3371   3370      5    3369  3409     27      1-8,23,24,26,27              #3=#13 DUPL SMPLS (3000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    150      1     ROS   113005  1518   EN   24 30.11 N   166 44.19 W   GPS  3189   3187
 49MR0505_2   P03    152      1     ROS   113005  1729   BE   24 26.25 N   166 48.75 W   GPS  2036   2037
 49MR0505_2   P03    152      1     BUC   113005  1736   UN   24 26.35 N   166 48.76 W   GPS  2055   2054                                  1                            25.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    152      1     ROS   113005  1807   BO   24 26.42 N   166 48.74 W   GPS  2079   2076     11    2073  2091     20      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    152      1     ROS   113005  1921   EN   24 26.67 N   166 48.64 W   GPS  2174   2174
 49MR0505_2   P03    153      1     ROS   113005  2123   BE   24 25.27 N   166 49.20 W   GPS  1549   1550
 49MR0505_2   P03    153      1     BUC   113005  2132   UN   24 25.26 N   166 49.16 W   GPS  1545   1549                                  1,33                         25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    153      1     UNK   113005  2142   UN   24 25.23 N   166 49.18 W   GPS  1532   1532                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    153      1     ROS   113005  2153   BO   24 25.20 N   166 49.20 W   GPS  1492   1491      5    1551  1560     17      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    153      1     ROS   113005  2255   EN   24 24.98 N   166 49.31 W   GPS  1513   1499
 49MR0505_2          537      1     UNK   120105  0012   UN   24 16.06 N   167  1.80 W   GPS   228    228                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    154      1     ROS   120105  0101   BE   24  8.71 N   167  5.70 W   GPS  1221   1222
 49MR0505_2   P03    154      1     BUC   120105  0110   UN   24  8.64 N   167  5.79 W   GPS  1309   1308                                  1                            25.5C
 49MR0505_2   P03    154      1     ROS   120105  0131   BO   24  8.62 N   167  5.94 W   GPS  1416   1417     26    1351  1352     16      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    154      1     ROS   120105  0228   EN   24  8.63 N   167  6.42 W   GPS  1658   1659
 49MR0505_2   P03    155      1     ROS   120105  0514   BE   24  8.82 N   167  7.96 W   GPS  2006   1993                                                               CHANGE LOCATION
 49MR0505_2   P03    155      1     BUC   120105  0521   UN   24  8.94 N   167  7.93 W   GPS  1946   1946                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    155      1     UNK   120105  0531   UN   24  9.00 N   167  7.80 W   GPS  1914   1913                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    155      1     ROS   120105  0548   BO   24  9.00 N   167  7.62 W   GPS  1882   1870     20    1889  1885     19      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    155      1     ROS   120105  0658   EN   24  9.18 N   167  6.73 W   GPS  1495   1493
 49MR0505_2   P03    157      1     ROS   120105  0958   BE   24  6.08 N   167 10.06 W   GPS  2856   2856
 49MR0505_2   P03    157      1     BUC   120105  1005   UN   24  6.00 N   167  9.96 W   GPS  2895   2896                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    157      1     UNK   120105  1016   UN   24  5.90 N   167  9.92 W   GPS  2970   2970                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    157      1     ROS   120105  1050   BO   24  5.59 N   167  9.92 W   GPS  3011   3039     12    3033  3036     24      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    157      1     ROS   120105  1220   EN   24  4.58 N   167 10.22 W   GPS  3082   3094
 49MR0505_2   P03    159      1     ROS   120105  1426   BE   24  1.44 N   167 14.27 W   GPS  3914   3907
 49MR0505_2   P03    159      1     BUC   120105  1434   UN   24  1.37 N   167 14.30 W   GPS  3904   3904                                  1                            25.2C
 49MR0505_2          538      1     UNK   120105  1510   UN   24  1.27 N   167 14.52 W   GPS  3923   3921                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.9MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    159      1     ROS   120105  1530   BO   24  1.25 N   167 14.62 W   GPS  3922   3925     11    3912  3941     29      1-8,27                       #4=#10 DUPL SMPLS (3750DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    159      1     ROS   120105  1720   EN   24  1.28 N   167 15.44 W   GPS  4190   4191
 49MR0505_2   P03    161      1     ROS   120105  1925   BE   23 51.03 N   167 22.55 W   GPS  4926   4926
 49MR0505_2   P03    161      1     BUC   120105  1932   UN   23 51.02 N   167 22.61 W   GPS  4925   4925                                  1,33                         25.3C
 49MR0505_2   P03    161      1     UNK   120105  1945   UN   23 50.99 N   167 22.70 W   GPS  4922   4922                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    161      1     ROS   120105  2040   BO   23 50.84 N   167 22.79 W   GPS  4927   4927      9    4924  4997     33      1-8,27                       #5=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    161      1     ROS   120105  2247   EN   23 50.33 N   167 22.72 W   GPS  4930   4930
 49MR0505_2          539      1     UNK   120205  0019   UN   23 39.50 N   167 34.58 W   GPS  4963   4963                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    163      1     ROS   120205  0049   BE   23 37.42 N   167 37.27 W   GPS  4964   4964
 49MR0505_2   P03    163      1     BUC   120205  0056   UN   23 37.38 N   167 37.33 W   GPS  4962   4962                                  1,31,33                      25.3C
 49MR0505_2   P03    163      1     UNK   120205  0116   UN   23 37.20 N   167 37.36 W   GPS  4959   4959                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    163      1     ROS   120205  0207   BO   23 36.80 N   167 37.58 W   GPS  4961   4960      9    4993  5033     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81     #2,3,4,5 FOR POM
 49MR0505_2   P03    163      1     ROS   120205  0419   EN   23 35.84 N   167 38.03 W   GPS  4962   4963
 49MR0505_2   P03    165      1     ROS   120205  0710   BE   23 14.42 N   168  0.22 W   GPS  4875   4877
 49MR0505_2   P03    165      1     BUC   120205  0717   UN   23 14.34 N   168  0.23 W   GPS  4874   4877                                  1,33                         25.3C
 49MR0505_2   P03    165      1     UNK   120205  0726   UN   23 14.27 N   168  0.27 W   GPS  4880   4880                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    165      1     ROS   120205  0825   BO   23 13.96 N   168  0.43 W   GPS  4880   4882      9    4909  4944     33      1-8,27                       #6=#5 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    165      1     ROS   120205  1033   EN   23 13.21 N   168  0.70 W   GPS  4867   4867
 49MR0505_2   P03    167      1     ROS   120205  1349   BE   23  0.76 N   168 39.24 W   GPS  4774   4774
 49MR0505_2   P03    167      1     BUC   120205  1357   UN   23  0.74 N   168 39.25 W   GPS  4775   4775                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    167      1     UNK   120205  1409   UN   23  0.74 N   168 39.25 W   GPS  4774   4774                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    167      1     ROS   120205  1503   BO   23  0.67 N   168 39.29 W   GPS  4763   4761      9    4756  4827     33      1-8,27                       #7=#5 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    167      1     ROS   120205  1712   EN   23  0.61 N   168 39.78 W   GPS  4768   4777
 49MR0505_2   P03    169      1     ROS   120205  2110   BE   22 44.80 N   169 20.29 W   GPS  4691   4693
 49MR0505_2   P03    169      1     BUC   120205  2119   UN   22 44.84 N   169 20.27 W   GPS  4683   4689                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    169      1     UNK   120205  2127   UN   22 44.90 N   169 20.26 W   GPS  4698   4687                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    169      1     ROS   120205  2221   BO   22 45.13 N   169 19.96 W   GPS  4691   4691      8    4702  4754     32      1-8,23,24,26,27              #8=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2          540      1     UNK   120205  2331   UN   22 45.40 N   169 19.39 W   GPS  4683   4684                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    169      1     ROS   120305  0019   EN   22 45.74 N   169 18.93 W   GPS  4687   4688
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      1     ROS   120305  0432   BE   23  4.44 N   170  1.69 W   GPS  4646   4645
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      1     BUC   120305  0439   UN   23  4.50 N   170  1.59 W   GPS  4645   4645                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      1     UNK   120305  0449   UN   23  4.47 N   170  1.52 W   GPS  4650   4652                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      1     ROS   120305  0545   BO   23  4.06 N   170  1.20 W   GPS  4658   4656      9    4686  4705     34      1-8,22,27                    #2,3,4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      2     UNK   120305  0558   BE   23  4.00 N   170  1.17 W   GPS  4639   4640                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      2     UNK   120305  0617   EN   23  3.87 N   170  1.16 W   GPS  4645   4644
 49MR0505_2   P03    171      1     ROS   120305  0751   EN   23  3.34 N   170  0.72 W   GPS  4644   4644
 49MR0505_2   P03    173      1     ROS   120305  1210   BE   23 23.87 N   170 44.55 W   GPS  4686   4685
 49MR0505_2   P03    173      1     BUC   120305  1217   UN   23 23.81 N   170 44.52 W   GPS  4684   4684                                  1                            26.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    173      1     ROS   120305  1324   BO   23 23.32 N   170 44.48 W   GPS  4685   4684     10    4704  4740     32      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27        #9=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    173      1     ROS   120305  1525   EN   23 23.10 N   170 44.03 W   GPS  4681   4681
 49MR0505_2   P03    175      1     ROS   120305  1920   BE   23 42.86 N   171 22.79 W   GPS  4753   4753
 49MR0505_2   P03    175      1     BUC   120305  1927   UN   23 42.87 N   171 22.78 W   GPS  4751   4751                                  1,33                         26.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    175      1     UNK   120305  1936   UN   23 42.88 N   171 22.77 W   GPS  4750   4750                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    175      1     ROS   120305  2032   BO   23 42.69 N   171 22.91 W   GPS  4756   4755      8    4759  4815     33      1-8,27                       #10=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2          541      1     UNK   120305  2225   UN   23 41.85 N   171 23.87 W   GPS  4750   4750                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    175      1     ROS   120305  2236   EN   23 41.73 N   171 24.04 W   GPS  4750   4749
 49MR0505_2          542      1     UNK   120405  0018   UN   23 50.28 N   171 41.88 W   GPS  4736   4736                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    177      1     ROS   120405  0240   BE   24  3.97 N   172  5.89 W   GPS  4683   4683
 49MR0505_2   P03    177      1     BUC   120405  0247   UN   24  3.92 N   172  6.01 W   GPS  4682   4682                                  1,33                         25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    177      1     UNK   120405  0258   UN   24  3.96 N   172  6.07 W   GPS  4686   4684                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    177      1     ROS   120405  0355   BO   24  4.17 N   172  6.24 W   GPS  4681   4681     10    4704  4745     32      1-8,23,24,26,27              #11=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    177      1     ROS   120405  0559   EN   24  4.23 N   172  7.16 W   GPS  4682   4682
 49MR0505_2   P03    179      1     ROS   120405  0947   BE   24 14.48 N   172 49.31 W   GPS  4576   4575
 49MR0505_2   P03    179      1     BUC   120405  0954   UN   24 14.47 N   172 49.35 W   GPS  4554   4554                                  1,33                         25.6C
 49MR0505_2   P03    179      1     UNK   120405  1004   UN   24 14.51 N   172 49.37 W   GPS  4568   4564                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    179      1     ROS   120405  1059   BO   24 14.77 N   172 49.73 W   GPS  4555   4556     10    4602  4618     32      1-8,27                       #12=#8 DUPL SMPLS (4250DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    179      1     ROS   120405  1258   EN   24 15.89 N   172 50.02 W   GPS  4586   4584
 49MR0505_2   P03    181      1     ROS   120405  1711   BE   24 14.27 N   173 37.93 W   GPS  4946   4946
 49MR0505_2   P03    181      1     BUC   120405  1720   UN   24 14.31 N   173 38.00 W   GPS  4946   4946                                  1,33                         25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    181      1     UNK   120405  1730   UN   24 14.37 N   173 38.03 W   GPS  4944   4944                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    181      1     ROS   120405  1829   BO   24 14.80 N   173 38.03 W   GPS  4947   4948     10    4977  5019     33      1-8,27                       #13=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    181      1     ROS   120405  2039   EN   24 15.71 N   173 37.97 W   GPS  4941   4942
 49MR0505_2          543      1     UNK   120505  0016   UN   24 14.49 N   174 20.96 W   GPS  5065   5064                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    183      1     ROS   120505  0047   BE   24 14.65 N   174 25.92 W   GPS  5069   5070
 49MR0505_2   P03    183      1     BUC   120505  0055   UN   24 14.69 N   174 25.99 W   GPS  5067   5069                                  1,31,33,82                   25.5C
 49MR0505_2   P03    183      1     UNK   120505  0107   UN   24 14.67 N   174 26.12 W   GPS  5070   5071                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    183      1     ROS   120505  0206   BO   24 14.63 N   174 26.60 W   GPS  5068   5068     10    5091  5139     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82  #2,3,4 FOR INCUBATION
 49MR0505_2   P03    183      1     ROS   120505  0419   EN   24 14.28 N   174 27.49 W   GPS  5063   5065
 49MR0505_2          544      1     UNK   120505  0613   UN   24 14.64 N   174 49.05 W   GPS  5077   5079                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.4MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    185      1     ROS   120505  0814   BE   24 14.02 N   175 12.20 W   GPS  5121   5120
 49MR0505_2   P03    185      1     BUC   120505  0821   UN   24 13.98 N   175 12.15 W   GPS  5124   5124                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    185      1     UNK   120505  0830   UN   24 13.91 N   175 12.10 W   GPS  5123   5125                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    185      1     ROS   120505  0932   BO   24 13.48 N   175 11.87 W   GPS  5110   5111      8    5166  5194     34      1-8,27                       #14=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB), #17 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2   P03    185      1     ROS   120505  1145   EN   24 12.28 N   175 11.09 W   GPS  5111   5110
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      1     ROS   120505  1610   BE   24 14.11 N   176  1.50 W   GPS  5280   5280
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      1     BUC   120505  1618   UN   24 14.12 N   176  1.48 W   GPS  5286   5287                                  1,33                         26.0C
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      1     UNK   120505  1629   UN   24 14.14 N   176  1.47 W   GPS  5278   5277                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      1     ROS   120505  1731   BO   24 14.09 N   176  1.29 W   GPS  5283   5282     10    5283  5366     36      1-8,22,27                    #2,3,4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      2     UNK   120505  1742   BE   24 14.10 N   176  1.25 W   GPS  5286   5285                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      2     UNK   120505  1806   EN   24 14.08 N   176  1.20 W   GPS  5301   5294
 49MR0505_2   P03    187      1     ROS   120505  1949   EN   24 13.99 N   176  0.77 W   GPS  5298   5297
 49MR0505_2   P03    189      1     ROS   120505  2337   BE   24 14.44 N   176 45.63 W   GPS  5342   5342
 49MR0505_2   P03    189      1     BUC   120505  2344   UN   24 14.47 N   176 45.68 W   GPS  5345   5345                                  1,33                         26.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    189      1     UNK   120505  2353   UN   24 14.45 N   176 45.63 W   GPS  5345   5344                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2          545      1     UNK   120605  0032   UN   24 14.38 N   176 45.57 W   GPS  5348   5347                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    189      1     ROS   120605  0059   BO   24 14.25 N   176 45.61 W   GPS  5353   5348     10    5355  5430     35      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27        #15=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    189      1     ROS   120605  0315   EN   24 14.21 N   176 45.61 W   GPS  5349   5350
 49MR0505_2   P03    191      1     ROS   120605  0737   BE   24 13.34 N   177 35.25 W   GPS  5413   5413
 49MR0505_2   P03    191      1     BUC   120605  0744   UN   24 13.33 N   177 35.15 W   GPS  5413   5415                                  1,33                         25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    191      1     UNK   120605  0754   UN   24 13.32 N   177 35.04 W   GPS  5423   5420                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    191      1     ROS   120605  0859   BO   24 13.07 N   177 34.55 W   GPS  5416   5414      8    5464  5502     35      1-8,27                       #16=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    191      1     ROS   120605  1119   EN   24 12.83 N   177 33.52 W   GPS  5406   5406
 49MR0505_2   P03    193      1     ROS   120605  1534   BE   24 15.19 N   178 22.14 W   GPS  5553   5552
 49MR0505_2   P03    193      1     BUC   120605  1541   UN   24 15.20 N   178 22.02 W   GPS  5541   5541                                  1,33                         25.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    193      1     UNK   120605  1555   UN   24 15.15 N   178 21.83 W   GPS  5541   5543                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    193      1     ROS   120605  1659   BO   24 14.78 N   178 21.70 W   GPS  5538   5540      9    5570  5635     36      1-8,27                       #17=#4 DUPL SMPLS (5250DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    193      1     ROS   120605  1924   EN   24 14.34 N   178 21.23 W   GPS  5547   5546
 49MR0505_2   P03    195      1     ROS   120605  2338   BE   24 14.39 N   179  9.68 W   GPS  5609   5611
 49MR0505_2   P03    195      1     BUC   120605  2345   UN   24 14.38 N   179  9.67 W   GPS  5619   5619                                  1,31,33                      25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    195      1     UNK   120705  0000   UN   24 14.33 N   179  9.60 W   GPS  5620   5620                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2          546      1     UNK   120705  0024   UN   24 14.38 N   179  9.53 W   GPS  5620   5620                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    195      1     ROS   120705  0103   BO   24 14.51 N   179  9.36 W   GPS  5615   5614     10    5620  5707     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81     #2 FOR POM
 49MR0505_2   P03    195      1     ROS   120705  0323   EN   24 14.53 N   179  8.29 W   GPS  5612   5611
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      1     ROS   120705  0745   BE   24 14.12 N   179 59.32 W   GPS  5536   5538
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      1     BUC   120705  0752   UN   24 14.04 N   179 59.33 W   GPS  5540   5543                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      1     UNK   120705  0801   UN   24 13.95 N   179 59.39 W   GPS  5533   5535                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      1     ROS   120705  0908   BO   24 13.63 N   179 59.28 W   GPS  5538   5540     10    5545  5629     36      1-8,22,27                    #2 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      2     UNK   120705  0917   BE   24 13.58 N   179 59.29 W   GPS  5539   5541                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      2     UNK   120705  1005   EN   24 13.34 N   179 59.12 W   GPS  5537   5541
 49MR0505_2   P03    197      1     ROS   120705  1127   EN   24 12.77 N   179 58.88 W   GPS  5546   5546
 49MR0505_2          547      1     UNK   120805  0019   UN   24  7.77 N   179 27.00 E   GPS  5711   5712                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2          548      1     UNK   120805  0558   BE   24 10.90 N   179 10.50 E   GPS  5737   5736                                                               MAGNETOMETER CALIBRATION
 49MR0505_2          548      1     UNK   120805  0623   EN   24 10.63 N   179  9.52 E   GPS  5738   5740
 49MR0505_2   P03    X14      1     ROS   120805  1600   BE   23 59.90 N   178 59.87 E   GPS  5739   5740                                                               PRI AND SEC CND SENSORS REPLACED
 49MR0505_2   P03    X14      1     BUC   120805  1609   UN   23 59.90 N   178 59.86 E   GPS  5743   5744                                  1,33                         25.6C
 49MR0505_2   P03    X14      1     UNK   120805  1620   UN   23 59.87 N   178 59.82 E   GPS  5741   5740                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    X14      1     ROS   120805  1729   BO   23 59.67 N   178 59.77 E   GPS  5748   5748     10    5739  5835     35      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27        #17 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2   P03    X14      1     ROS   120805  1957   EN   23 59.23 N   178 59.85 E   GPS  5742   5743 
 49MR0505_2          549      1     UNK   120805  2250   UN   24 13.63 N   178 27.18 E   GPS  5733   5725                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.7MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    201      1     ROS   120805  2324   BE   24 15.23 N   178 23.31 E   GPS  5723   5723
 49MR0505_2   P03    201      1     BUC   120805  2332   UN   24 15.18 N   178 23.33 E   GPS  5726   5727                                  1,33                         26.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    201      1     UNK   120805  2340   UN   24 15.14 N   178 23.30 E   GPS  5724   5724                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    201      1     ROS   120905  0050   BO   24 14.73 N   178 23.24 E   GPS  5725   5724     10    5744  5819     35      1-8,27                       #17 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2          550      1     UNK   120905  0057   UN   24 14.71 N   178 23.22 E   GPS  5727   5725                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    201      1     ROS   120905  0312   EN   24 13.81 N   178 22.93 E   GPS  5731   5730
 49MR0505_2   P03    203      1     ROS   120905  0717   BE   24 13.65 N   177 36.26 E   GPS  5781   5780
 49MR0505_2   P03    203      1     BUC   120905  0724   UN   24 13.58 N   177 36.24 E   GPS  5776   5775                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    203      1     UNK   120905  0732   UN   24 13.51 N   177 36.26 E   GPS  5774   5773                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    203      1     ROS   120905  0845   BO   24 12.89 N   177 36.15 E   GPS  5772   5772      8    5812  5872     35      1-8,27                       #10 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2   P03    203      1     ROS   120905  1111   EN   24 11.81 N   177 36.08 E   GPS  5787   5762
 49MR0505_2   P03    205      1     ROS   120905  1524   BE   24 14.94 N   176 47.27 E   GPS  5762   5762
 49MR0505_2   P03    205      1     BUC   120905  1530   UN   24 14.91 N   176 47.23 E   GPS  5755   5756                                  1,31,33,82                   26.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    205      1     UNK   120905  1542   UN   24 14.84 N   176 47.19 E   GPS  5760   5760                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    205      1     ROS   120905  1651   BO   24 14.42 N   176 46.83 E   GPS  5756   5756      9    5825  5857     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_2   P03    205      1     ROS   120905  1924   EN   24 13.65 N   176 45.93 E   GPS  5761   5760
 49MR0505_2   P03    207      1     ROS   120905  2323   BE   24 14.76 N   175 59.57 E   GPS  5798   5800
 49MR0505_2   P03    207      1     BUC   120905  2331   UN   24 14.80 N   175 59.53 E   GPS  5792   5792                                  1,33                         26.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    207      1     UNK   120905  2341   UN   24 14.85 N   175 59.53 E   GPS  5795   5796                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    207      1     ROS   121005  0051   BO   24 15.22 N   175 59.61 E   GPS  5792   5790      9    5808  5889     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2          551      1     UNK   121005  0102   UN   24 15.28 N   175 59.64 E   GPS  5801   5802                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    207      1     ROS   121005  0312   EN   24 16.28 N   175 59.98 E   GPS  5821   5796
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      1     ROS   121005  0736   BE   24 15.09 N   175  9.99 E   GPS  5557   5551
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      1     BUC   121005  0743   UN   24 15.12 N   175 10.00 E   GPS  5571   5580                                  1,33                         26.4C
 49MR0505_2          552      1     UNK   121005  0751   UN   24 15.17 N   175 10.05 E   GPS  5584   5581                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.8MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      1     UNK   121005  0753   UN   24 15.17 N   175 10.04 E   GPS  5587   5588                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      1     ROS   121005  0901   BO   24 15.44 N   175 10.16 E   GPS  5589   5588     10    5587  5676     36      1-8,22,27                    #2 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      2     UNK   121005  0923   BE   24 15.44 N   175 10.22 E   GPS  5605   5604                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      2     UNK   121005  0934   EN   24 15.47 N   175 10.24 E   GPS  5593   5593
 49MR0505_2   P03    209      1     ROS   121005  1120   EN   24 15.79 N   175 10.43 E   GPS  5603   5603
 49MR0505_2   P03    211      1     ROS   121005  1525   BE   24 15.05 N   174 23.04 E   GPS  5728   5728
 49MR0505_2   P03    211      1     BUC   121005  1535   UN   24 15.00 N   174 23.05 E   GPS  5735   5735                                  1,33                         26.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    211      1     UNK   121005  1543   UN   24 14.96 N   174 23.07 E   GPS  5728   5729                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    211      1     ROS   121005  1652   BO   24 14.60 N   174 23.09 E   GPS  5727   5728     10    5747  5828     36      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    211      1     ROS   121005  1922   EN   24 14.06 N   174 23.16 E   GPS  5728   5729
 49MR0505_2   P03    213      1     ROS   121005  2339   BE   24 15.28 N   173 34.11 E   GPS  5820   5819
 49MR0505_2   P03    213      1     BUC   121005  2346   UN   24 15.22 N   173 34.09 E   GPS  5829   5818                                  1,33                         26.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    213      1     UNK   121005  2355   UN   24 15.15 N   173 34.05 E   GPS  5825   5820                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    213      1     ROS   121105  0107   BO   24 14.89 N   173 33.74 E   GPS  5821   5823      9    5828  5915     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2          553      1     UNK   121105  0117   UN   24 14.89 N   173 33.70 E   GPS  5819   5819                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    213      1     ROS   121105  0329   EN   24 14.43 N   173 32.76 E   GPS  5819   5821
 49MR0505_2   P03    215      1     ROS   121105  0731   BE   24 14.57 N   172 45.99 E   GPS  5868   5869
 49MR0505_2   P03    215      1     BUC   121105  0738   UN   24 14.51 N   172 46.02 E   GPS  5859   5859                                  1,33                         26.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    215      1     UNK   121105  0747   UN   24 14.41 N   172 46.05 E   GPS  5868   5866                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    215      1     ROS   121105  0900   BO   24 13.74 N   172 45.97 E   GPS  5835   5835     44    5878  5923     36      1-8,27                       LADCP SOUNDING
 49MR0505_2   P03    215      1     ROS   121105  1126   EN   24 12.53 N   172 45.49 E   GPS  5834   5832
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      1     ROS   121105  1534   BE   24 14.87 N   171 56.99 E   GPS  5834   5835
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      1     BUC   121105  1542   UN   24 14.86 N   171 56.99 E   GPS  5835   5834                                  1,31,33                      26.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      1     UNK   121105  1559   UN   24 14.91 N   171 56.95 E   GPS  5832   5835                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      1     ROS   121105  1705   BO   24 15.43 N   171 57.00 E   GPS  5835   5836      9    5900  5933     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      1     ROS   121105  1932   EN   24 16.38 N   171 57.59 E   GPS  5835   5836
 49MR0505_2          554      1     UNK   121305  0039   UN   18 46.87 N   172 42.04 E   GPS  2038   2025                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM5      1     MOR   121305  2042   BE   16 26.41 N   171 32.88 E   GPS  5476   5475                                                               2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 7 SBE37, 1 OPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM5      1     MOR   121305  2200   RE   16 26.78 N   171 31.04 E   GPS  5469   5471                                                               6 GRASS BUOY BROKEN, 1 SBE37 BROKEN
 49MR0505_2          555      1     UNK   121405  0108   UN   16 11.08 N   171 59.10 E   GPS  5308   5324                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM4      1     MOR   121405  1943   BE   15 31.28 N   171 14.50 E   GPS  5614   5611                                                               2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM4      1     MOR   121405  2103   RE   15 31.75 N   171 14.60 E   GPS  5606   5606                                                               1 SBE37 BROKEN
 49MR0505_2          556      1     UNK   121505  0037   UN   14 43.91 N   170 58.72 E   GPS  5664   5662                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM3      1     MOR   121505  0258   BE   14 34.04 N   170 55.08 E   GPS  5673   5672                                                               2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM3      1     MOR   121505  0409   RE   14 34.00 N   170 55.02 E   GPS  5678   5673                                                               2 SBE37 BROKEN
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM2      1     MOR   121505  2133   BE   13 38.40 N   170 34.19 E   GPS    -9   5525                                                               2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM2      1     MOR   121505  2259   RE   13 38.28 N   170 33.84 E   GPS  5516   5519                                                               TRANSPONDER BROKEN, 1 SBE37 BROKEN
 49MR0505_2          557      1     UNK   121605  0103   UN   13 10.24 N   170 23.96 E   GPS  5410   5393                                                               AEROSOL SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM1      1     MOR   121605  0503   BE   12 45.89 N   170 14.60 E   GPS  5362   5364                                                               2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 7 SBE37, 1 OPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WM1      1     MOR   121605  0603   RE   12 45.64 N   170 13.58 E   GPS  5348   5352                                                               TRANSPONDER BROKEN, ROTOR OF RCM8 LOST
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC0      1     ROS   121605  0833   BE   12 43.32 N   170 13.59 E   GPS  4560   4563
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC0      1     BUC   121605  0841   UN   12 43.37 N   170 13.51 E   GPS  4545   4556                                  1,33                         27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC0      1     UNK   121605  0850   UN   12 43.43 N   170 13.45 E   GPS  4577   4576                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC0      1     ROS   121605  0947   BO   12 43.80 N   170 13.34 E   GPS  4658   4667      9    4625  4669     32      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC0      1     ROS   121605  1145   EN   12 44.73 N   170 12.96 E   GPS  5267   5267
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC1      1     ROS   121605  1359   BE   12 45.89 N   170 14.88 E   GPS  5369   5369                                                               WITH 7 SBE37 (WM1)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC1      1     BUC   121605  1406   UN   12 45.98 N   170 14.85 E   GPS  5356   5365                                  1                            27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC1      1     ROS   121605  1524   BO   12 46.60 N   170 14.58 E   GPS  5369   5373      7    5426  5450     35      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC1      1     ROS   121605  1745   EN   12 47.35 N   170 14.24 E   GPS  5347   5351
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC2      1     ROS   121605  2032   BE   13 12.56 N   170 24.85 E   GPS  5406   5408
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC2      1     BUC   121605  2039   UN   13 12.63 N   170 24.72 E   GPS  5402   5402                                  1,33                         27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC2      1     UNK   121605  2048   UN   13 12.71 N   170 24.64 E   GPS  5406   5403                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC2      1     ROS   121605  2152   BO   13 13.10 N   170 24.54 E   GPS  5401   5403      9    5412  5483     35      1-8,27                       #1 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC2      1     ROS   121705  0007   EN   13 13.80 N   170 23.85 E   GPS  5406   5405
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC3      1     ROS   121705  0249   BE   13 38.37 N   170 34.54 E   GPS  5518   5516                                                               WITH 6 SBE37 (WM5)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC3      1     BUC   121705  0256   UN   13 38.44 N   170 34.40 E   GPS  5525   5522                                  1,33                         27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC3      1     UNK   121705  0305   UN   13 38.55 N   170 34.31 E   GPS  5520   5519                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC3      1     ROS   121705  0415   BO   13 39.01 N   170 34.23 E   GPS  5518   5519      9    5540  5602     36      1-6
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC3      1     ROS   121705  0639   EN   13 39.95 N   170 33.68 E   GPS  5510   5510
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC4      1     ROS   121705  0934   BE   14 7.46  N   170 45.04 E   GPS  5627   5628                                                               WITH 7 SBE37 (WM4)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC4      1     BUC   121705  0941   UN   14 7.53  N   170 44.98 E   GPS  5624   5625                                  1,33                         27.7C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC4      1     UNK   121705  0950   UN   14 7.63  N   170 44.92 E   GPS  5627   5625                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC4      1     ROS   121705  1103   BO   14 8.19  N   170 44.86 E   GPS  5627   5629      9    5664  5721     36      1-6
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC4      1     ROS   121705  1326   EN   14 9.37  N   170 44.83 E   GPS  5658   5651
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC5      1     ROS   121705  1612   BE   14 34.23 N   170 55.24 E   GPS  5672   5673                                                               WITH 6 SBE37 (WM3)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC5      1     BUC   121705  1619   UN   14 34.31 N   170 55.18 E   GPS  5674   5674                                  1,33                         27.7C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC5      1     UNK   121705  1628   UN   14 34.38 N   170 55.14 E   GPS  5672   5674                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC5      1     ROS   121705  1739   BO   14 34.87 N   170 55.04 E   GPS  5674   5674     10    5716  5769     36      1-6                          #8 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC5      1     ROS   121705  2003   EN   14 35.77 N   170 54.57 E   GPS  5681   5683
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC6      1     ROS   121705  2258   BE   15 2.38  N   171  4.81 E   GPS  5673   5672
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC6      1     BUC   121705  2307   UN   15 2.45  N   171  4.72 E   GPS  5672   5672                                  1,33                         27.9C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC6      1     UNK   121705  2316   UN   15 2.52  N   171  4.65 E   GPS  5702   5690                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC6      1     ROS   121805  0025   BO   15 3.13  N   171  4.30 E   GPS  5663   5670      8    5767  5768     36      1-6
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC6      1     ROS   121805  0246   EN   15 4.47  N   171  3.60 E   GPS  5383   5385
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC7      1     ROS   121805  0530   BE   15 31.30 N   171 14.83 E   GPS  5618   5618                                                               WITH 7 SBE37 (WM2)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC7      1     BUC   121805  0537   UN   15 31.37 N   171 14.82 E   GPS  5606   5607                                  1,33                         27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC7      1     UNK   121805  0547   UN   15 31.43 N   171 14.74 E   GPS  5619   5618                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC7      1     ROS   121805  0656   BO   15 31.74 N   171 14.64 E   GPS  5608   5607     11    5623  5701     36      1-6                          PRI SENSORS SHIFTED
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC7      1     ROS   121805  0918   EN   15 32.73 N   171 14.42 E   GPS  5610   5609                                  1                            SBE37 BROKEN
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC8      1     ROS   121805  1215   BE   15 57.46 N   171 25.04 E   GPS  5538   5537                                                               PRI OXYGEN SENSOR REPLACED, WITH 5 COMPACTOPTODE
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC8      1     BUC   121805  1222   UN   15 57.50 N   171 25.00 E   GPS  5539   5539                                  1,33                         27.8C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC8      1     UNK   121805  1230   UN   15 57.56 N   171 24.93 E   GPS  5538   5538                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC8      1     ROS   121805  1340   BO   15 58.06 N   171 24.76 E   GPS  5537   5537      9    5578  5623     36      1-6
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC8      1     ROS   121805  1557   EN   15 59.32 N   171 24.25 E   GPS  5574   5574
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC9      1     ROS   121805  1839   BE   16 26.28 N   171 33.22 E   GPS  5473   5474
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC9      1     BUC   121805  1847   UN   16 26.34 N   171 33.19 E   GPS  5471   5472                                  1,33                         27.7C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC9      1     UNK   121805  1856   UN   16 26.42 N   171 33.15 E   GPS  5472   5474                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC9      1     ROS   121805  2003   BO   16 26.90 N   171 32.95 E   GPS  5471   5471      8    5510  5561     36      1-6
 49MR0505_2  WIFE    WC9      1     ROS   121805  2218   EN   16 27.96 N   171 32.64 E   GPS  5327   5340
 49MR0505_2  WIFE   WC10      1     ROS   121805  2346   BE   16 32.92 N   171 32.30 E   GPS  4341   4351
 49MR0505_2  WIFE   WC10      1     BUC   121805  2353   UN   16 32.98 N   171 32.28 E   GPS  4296   4296                                  1,33                         27.9C
 49MR0505_2  WIFE   WC10      1     UNK   121905  0001   UN   16 33.04 N   171 32.24 E   GPS  4288   4287                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  WIFE   WC10      1     ROS   121905  0055   BO   16 33.46 N   171 32.15 E   GPS  4528   4528     14    4434  4456     32      1-6                          #8=#23 DUPL SMPLS (4000DB)
 49MR0505_2  WIFE   WC10      1     ROS   121905  0246   EN   16 33.96 N   171 31.98 E   GPS  4468   4468
 49MR0505_2          558      1     UNK   122005  0301   BE   21  6.55 N   171 37.43 E   GPS  5570   5571                                                               SURFACE WATER SMPL FOR NUTRIENTS (2000L)
 49MR0505_2          559      1     UNK   122005  0325   BE   21  6.59 N   171 37.54 E   GPS  5574   5573                                                               CWS TEST AT 100M
 49MR0505_2          558      1     UNK   122005  0345   EN   21  6.55 N   171 37.64 E   GPS  5573   5571
 49MR0505_2          559      1     UNK   122005  0416   EN   21  6.57 N   171 37.84 E   GPS  5570   5567
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      2     ROS   122005  2057   BE   24 14.81 N   171 56.81 E   GPS  5842   5842
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      2     BUC   122005  2104   UN   24 14.75 N   171 56.83 E   GPS  5834   5834                                  1,33                         26.3C
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      2     UNK   122005  2113   UN   24 14.65 N   171 56.86 E   GPS  5835   5834                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      2     ROS   122005  2223   BO   24 14.34 N   171 56.73 E   GPS  5833   5834      8    5836  5933     34      1-8,23,24,26,27,81           #28,#36 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2   P03    217      2     ROS   122105  0047   EN   24 13.98 N   171 56.72 E   GPS  5819   5821
 49MR0505_2   P03    219      1     ROS   122105  0451   BE   24 15.89 N   171 10.48 E   GPS  5812   5810
 49MR0505_2   P03    219      1     BUC   122105  0459   UN   24 15.86 N   171 10.52 E   GPS  5786   5788                                  1,33                         26.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    219      1     UNK   122105  0509   UN   24 15.84 N   171 10.53 E   GPS  5787   5794                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    219      1     ROS   122105  0619   BO   24 15.55 N   171 10.58 E   GPS  5775   5775      9    5777  5870     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    219      1     ROS   122105  0844   EN   24 14.64 N   171 10.43 E   GPS  5858   5857
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      1     ROS   122105  1311   BE   24 15.20 N   170 21.19 E   GPS  5834   5833 
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      1     BUC   122105  1320   UN   24 15.18 N   170 21.21 E   GPS  5830   5817                                  1,33                         25.9C
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      1     UNK   122105  1329   UN   24 15.16 N   170 21.22 E   GPS  5839   5832                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      1     ROS   122105  1443   BO   24 14.72 N   170 21.24 E   GPS  5873   5873     10    5856  5933     36      1-8,22,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      2     UNK   122105  1502   BE   24 14.57 N   170 21.19 E   GPS  5875   5880                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      2     UNK   122105  1514   EN   24 14.45 N   170 21.18 E   GPS  5886   5879
 49MR0505_2   P03    221      1     ROS   122105  1708   EN   24 13.49 N   170 20.99 E   GPS  5944   5943
 49MR0505_2   P03    223      1     ROS   122105  2122   BE   24 16.29 N   169 31.62 E   GPS  6136   6135                                                               WITHOUT LADCP
 49MR0505_2   P03    223      1     BUC   122105  2131   UN   24 16.19 N   169 31.56 E   GPS  6141   6136                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    223      1     UNK   122105  2140   UN   24 16.12 N   169 31.48 E   GPS  6140   6138                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    223      1     ROS   122105  2255   BO   24 15.98 N   169 30.83 E   GPS  6136   6138      9    6190  6241     36      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    223      1     ROS   122205  0130   EN   24 15.57 N   169 29.88 E   GPS  6148   6151
 49MR0505_2   P03    225      1     ROS   122205  0516   BE   24 16.36 N   168 46.11 E   GPS  5887   5888
 49MR0505_2   P03    225      1     BUC   122205  0525   UN   24 16.38 N   168 46.20 E   GPS  5886   5886                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    225      1     UNK   122205  0534   UN   24 16.39 N   168 46.26 E   GPS  5886   5886                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    225      1     ROS   122205  0647   BO   24 16.32 N   168 46.41 E   GPS  5889   5888      8    5883  5986     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    225      1     ROS   122205  0914   EN   24 15.99 N   168 46.57 E   GPS  5887   5886
 49MR0505_2   P03    227      1     ROS   122205  1319   BE   24 16.49 N   167 58.15 E   GPS  5998   5999
 49MR0505_2   P03    227      1     BUC   122205  1327   UN   24 16.48 N   167 58.20 E   GPS  5986   5986                                  1,31,33,82                   25.0C
 49MR0505_2   P03    227      1     UNK   122205  1339   UN   24 16.51 N   167 58.26 E   GPS  5983   5983                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    227      1     ROS   122205  1452   BO   24 16.58 N   167 58.68 E   GPS  5984   5984      8    6014  6096     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_2   P03    227      1     ROS   122205  1720   EN   24 16.92 N   167 59.46 E   GPS  5986   5986
 49MR0505_2   P03    229      1     ROS   122205  2111   BE   24 14.91 N   167 15.00 E   GPS  5626   5622
 49MR0505_2   P03    229      1     BUC   122205  2120   UN   24 14.88 N   167 15.02 E   GPS  5634   5632                                  1,33                         25.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    229      1     UNK   122205  2130   UN   24 14.87 N   167 15.03 E   GPS  5637   5638                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    229      1     ROS   122205  2236   BO   24 14.84 N   167 15.52 E   GPS  5675   5675      9    5670  5732     36      1-8,23,24,26,27              #18=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    229      1     ROS   122305  0058   EN   24 14.69 N   167 16.50 E   GPS  5703   5703
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      1     ROS   122305  0504   BE   24 14.89 N   166 28.65 E   GPS  5750   5751
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      1     BUC   122305  0511   UN   24 14.91 N   166 28.68 E   GPS  5747   5751                                  1,33                         26.0C
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      1     UNK   122305  0520   UN   24 14.89 N   166 28.68 E   GPS  5760   5757                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      1     ROS   122305  0630   BO   24 14.82 N   166 28.99 E   GPS  5800   5801     10    5771  5858     35      1-8,22,27                    #2 FOR R.N., #26 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      2     UNK   122305  0654   BE   24 14.77 N   166 29.12 E   GPS  5823   5825                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      2     UNK   122305  0704   EN   24 14.74 N   166 29.16 E   GPS  5843   5841
 49MR0505_2   P03    231      1     ROS   122305  0853   EN   24 14.52 N   166 29.75 E   GPS  5965   5964
 49MR0505_2   P03    233      1     ROS   122305  1314   BE   24 15.56 N   165 39.78 E   GPS  5970   5977
 49MR0505_2   P03    233      1     BUC   122305  1320   UN   24 15.63 N   165 39.86 E   GPS  5970   5970                                  1,33                         25.9C
 49MR0505_2   P03    233      1     UNK   122305  1329   UN   24 15.64 N   165 39.95 E   GPS  5969   5969                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    233      1     ROS   122305  1445   BO   24 15.51 N   165 40.24 E   GPS  5970   5971      9    5992  6067     36      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    233      1     ROS   122305  1711   EN   24 15.55 N   165 41.04 E   GPS  5935   5935
 49MR0505_2   P03    X13      1     ROS   122305  2059   BE   24  2.65 N   164 59.09 E   GPS  6077   6072                                                               HEAVY RAIN WHEN BEGINNING THE CAST
 49MR0505_2          560      1     UNK   122305  2100   UN   24  2.70 N   164 59.09 E   GPS  6069   6064                                                               RAIN SMPL (38.0MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    X13      1     BUC   122305  2106   UN   24  2.71 N   164 59.08 E   GPS  6079   6078                                  1,33                         25.9C
 49MR0505_2   P03    X13      1     UNK   122305  2115   UN   24  2.73 N   164 59.09 E   GPS  6062   6061                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    X13      1     ROS   122305  2229   BO   24  2.77 N   164 59.25 E   GPS  6062   6060      7    6077  6170     36      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    X13      1     ROS   122405  0102   EN   24  3.28 N   164 59.26 E   GPS  6054   6055
 49MR0505_2          561      1     UNK   122405  0507   UN   24 12.65 N   164 10.92 E   GPS  4340   4340                                                               RAIN SMPL (2.4MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    237      1     ROS   122405  0554   BE   24 14.25 N   164  2.81 E   GPS  5786   5786
 49MR0505_2   P03    237      1     BUC   122405  0602   UN   24 14.19 N   164  2.83 E   GPS  5778   5780                                  1,33                         26.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    237      1     UNK   122405  0611   UN   24 14.16 N   164  2.79 E   GPS  5773   5775                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    237      1     ROS   122405  0724   BO   24 13.64 N   164  2.84 E   GPS  5739   5734     11    5798  5864     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    237      1     ROS   122405  0950   EN   24 12.67 N   164  2.72 E   GPS  5556   5571
 49MR0505_2   P03    239      1     ROS   122405  1353   BE   24 16.41 N   163 16.09 E   GPS  5749   5746
 49MR0505_2   P03    239      1     BUC   122405  1404   UN   24 16.44 N   163 16.15 E   GPS  5751   5752                                  1,31,33                      26.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    239      1     UNK   122405  1420   UN   24 16.45 N   163 16.29 E   GPS  5756   5753                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    239      1     ROS   122405  1531   BO   24 16.47 N   163 17.31 E   GPS  5757   5755     10    5941  5850     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81
 49MR0505_2   P03    239      1     ROS   122405  1800   EN   24 16.45 N   163 19.50 E   GPS  5726   5726
 49MR0505_2   P03    241      1     ROS   122405  2244   BE   24 14.89 N   162 26.81 E   GPS  5456   5457
 49MR0505_2   P03    241      1     BUC   122405  2253   UN   24 14.77 N   162 26.79 E   GPS  5462   5458                                  1,33                         25.7C
 49MR0505_2   P03    241      1     UNK   122405  2302   UN   24 14.69 N   162 26.78 E   GPS  5454   5455                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    241      1     ROS   122505  0007   BO   24 14.24 N   162 26.45 E   GPS  5440   5441     10    5517  5542     35      1-8,27,81                    #2 LEAKING
 49MR0505_2   P03    241      1     ROS   122505  0223   EN   24 13.26 N   162 25.79 E   GPS  5424   5423
 49MR0505_2   P03    243      1     ROS   122505  0638   BE   24 15.11 N   161 35.90 E   GPS  2949   2943
 49MR0505_2   P03    243      1     BUC   122505  0643   UN   24 15.04 N   161 35.84 E   GPS  3032   3031                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    243      1     UNK   122505  0652   UN   24 14.99 N   161 35.73 E   GPS  3157   3158                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    243      1     ROS   122505  0730   BO   24 14.90 N   161 35.52 E   GPS  3328   3328     10    3215  3240     25      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    243      1     ROS   122505  0902   EN   24 14.44 N   161 34.91 E   GPS  3676   3677
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     ROS   122505  1247   BE   24 16.00 N   160 50.39 E   GPS  5079   5079
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     BUC   122505  1255   UN   24 15.92 N   160 50.38 E   GPS  5086   5087                                  1                            26.3C
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     ROS   122505  1409   BO   24 15.49 N   160 49.98 E   GPS  5007   5008      9    5076  5120     36      1-8,22,27                    #2-4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     UNK   122505  1528   BE   24 15.09 N   160 49.57 E   GPS  4973   4977                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     UNK   122505  1538   EN   24 15.06 N   160 49.48 E   GPS  4966   4963
 49MR0505_2   P03    245      1     ROS   122505  1615   EN   24 14.87 N   160 49.23 E   GPS  4903   4904
 49MR0505_2   P03    247      1     ROS   122505  2015   BE   24 16.20 N   160  3.40 E   GPS  5510   5511
 49MR0505_2   P03    247      1     BUC   122505  2024   UN   24 16.23 N   160  3.40 E   GPS  5508   5515                                  1,33                         26.6C
 49MR0505_2   P03    247      1     UNK   122505  2033   UN   24 16.25 N   160  3.45 E   GPS  5509   5509                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    247      1     ROS   122505  2139   BO   24 16.20 N   160  3.85 E   GPS  5522   5522     11    5535  5603     35      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2          562      1     UNK   122505  2250   UN   24 16.28 N   160  4.35 E   GPS  5508   5508                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.5MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    247      1     ROS   122505  2354   EN   24 16.28 N   160  4.77 E   GPS  5533   5520
 49MR0505_2   P03    249      1     ROS   122605  0411   BE   24 14.13 N   159 15.33 E   GPS  4267   4257
 49MR0505_2   P03    249      1     BUC   122605  0419   UN   24 14.16 N   159 15.28 E   GPS  4194   4200                                  1,33                         26.6C
 49MR0505_2   P03    249      1     UNK   122605  0427   UN   24 14.16 N   159 15.26 E   GPS  4194   4193                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2          563      1     UNK   122605  0444   UN   24 14.16 N   159 15.22 E   GPS  4164   4155                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.2MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    249      1     ROS   122605  0521   BO   24 14.19 N   159 15.05 E   GPS  4222   4221     11    4243  4293     30      1-8,23,24,26,27              #19=#11 DUPL SMPLS (3500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    249      1     ROS   122605  0713   EN   24 13.94 N   159 14.85 E   GPS  4185   4183
 49MR0505_2   P03    251      1     ROS   122605  1117   BE   24 16.72 N   158 26.93 E   GPS  5833   5836
 49MR0505_2   P03    251      1     BUC   122605  1124   UN   24 16.74 N   158 26.90 E   GPS  5840   5840                                  1,31,33,82                   26.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    251      1     UNK   122605  1136   UN   24 16.79 N   158 26.91 E   GPS  5836   5837                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    251      1     ROS   122605  1245   BO   24 16.75 N   158 26.91 E   GPS  5842   5845      9    5833  5933     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_2   P03    251      1     ROS   122605  1508   EN   24 17.03 N   158 27.25 E   GPS  5834   5838
 49MR0505_2   P03    253      1     ROS   122605  1901   BE   24 14.79 N   157 40.11 E   GPS  5835   5835
 49MR0505_2   P03    253      1     BUC   122605  1908   UN   24 14.78 N   157 40.09 E   GPS  5825   5828                                  1,33                          25.7C
 49MR0505_2   P03    253      1     UNK   122605  1917   UN   24 14.76 N   157 40.05 E   GPS  5828   5825                                                                AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    253      1     ROS   122605  2030   BO   24 14.57 N   157 40.08 E   GPS  5822   5822      9    5821  5921     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    253      1     ROS   122605  2254   EN   24 14.25 N   157 40.59 E   GPS  5834   5830
 49MR0505_2   P03    255      1     ROS   122705  0255   BE   24 13.82 N   156 50.57 E   GPS  5718   5718
 49MR0505_2   P03    255      1     BUC   122705  0302   UN   24 13.70 N   156 50.57 E   GPS  5731   5731                                  1,33                         25.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    255      1     UNK   122705  0311   UN   24 13.64 N   156 50.56 E   GPS  5722   5722                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2          564      1     UNK   122705  0340   UN   24 13.36 N   156 50.47 E   GPS  5726   5727                                                               RAIN SMPL (0.6MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2   P03    255      1     ROS   122705  0424   BO   24 13.03 N   156 50.31 E   GPS  5724   5723      9    5797  5819     36      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    255      1     ROS   122705  0647   EN   24 11.88 N   156 49.56 E   GPS  5718   5719
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      1     ROS   122705  1040   BE   24 14.29 N   156  4.23 E   GPS  5655   5655
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      1     BUC   122705  1047   UN   24 14.27 N   156  4.25 E   GPS  5657   5657                                  1,33                         25.6C
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      1     UNK   122705  1057   UN   24 14.18 N   156  4.27 E   GPS  5655   5657                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      1     ROS   122705  1206   BO   24 13.59 N   156  4.18 E   GPS  5669   5669     10    5727  5757    36       1-8,22,27                    #2 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      2     UNK   122705  1213   BE   24 13.56 N   156  4.16 E   GPS  5671   5670                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      2     UNK   122705  1232   EN   24 13.37 N   156  4.14 E   GPS  5664   5662
 49MR0505_2   P03    257      1     ROS   122705  1427   EN   24 12.43 N   156  3.72 E   GPS  5655   5656
 49MR0505_2   P03    259      1     ROS   122705  1852   BE   24 18.41 N   155 13.57 E   GPS  5586   5586
 49MR0505_2   P03    259      1     BUC   122705  1859   UN   24 18.28 N   155 13.52 E   GPS  5578   5585                                  1,33                         25.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    259      1     UNK   122705  1909   UN   24 18.20 N   155 13.42 E   GPS  5586   5587                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    259      1     ROS   122705  2018   BO   24 17.79 N   155 12.79 E   GPS  5584   5582     11    5640  5675    35       1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    259      1     ROS   122705  2237   EN   24 16.85 N   155 11.72 E   GPS  5583   5582
 49MR0505_2   P03    261      1     ROS   122805  0223   BE   24 11.66 N   154 27.02 E   GPS  4910   4899
 49MR0505_2   P03    261      1     BUC   122805  0232   UN   24 11.52 N   154 26.94 E   GPS  4892   4893                                  1,33                         24.5C
 49MR0505_2   P03    261      1     UNK   122805  0242   UN   24 11.46 N   154 26.81 E   GPS  4922   4923                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    261      1     ROS   122805  0341   BO   24 11.07 N   154 26.35 E   GPS  4985   4987      8    4988  5014    33       1-8,27                       #20=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    261      1     ROS   122805  0545   EN   24 10.37 N   154 25.21 E   GPS  5043   5043
 49MR0505_2   P03    263      1     ROS   122805  1004   BE   24 12.81 N   153 34.06 E   GPS  5410   5421
 49MR0505_2   P03    263      1     BUC   122805  1013   UN   24 12.78 N   153 34.02 E   GPS  5425   5424                                  1,31,33                      24.4C
 49MR0505_2   P03    263      1     UNK   122805  1027   UN   24 12.73 N   153 33.94 E   GPS  5418   5419                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    263      1     ROS   122805  1127   BO   24 12.34 N   153 33.49 E   GPS  5412   5413      8    5481  5507    36       1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81     #2,#3 FOR POM
 49MR0505_2   P03    263      1     ROS   122805  1344   EN   24 11.83 N   153 32.39 E   GPS  5399   5400
 49MR0505_2   P03    265      1     ROS   122805  1728   BE   24 16.19 N   152 49.55 E   GPS  5343   5345
 49MR0505_2   P03    265      1     BUC   122805  1737   UN   24 16.13 N   152 49.48 E   GPS  5342   5342                                  1,33                         24.5C
 49MR0505_2   P03    265      1     UNK   122805  1746   UN   24 16.07 N   152 49.44 E   GPS  5342   5343                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    265      1     ROS   122805  1851   BO   24 15.79 N   152 48.89 E   GPS  5343   5343      9    5381  5429    35       1-8,27                       #21=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    265      1     ROS   122805  2104   EN   24 15.03 N   152 47.86 E   GPS  5358   5359
 49MR0505_2   P03    267      1     ROS   122905  0043   BE   24 14.45 N   152  3.88 E   GPS  5488   5489
 49MR0505_2   P03    267      1     BUC   122905  0052   UN   24 14.40 N   152  3.75 E   GPS  5482   5485                                  1,33                         24.8C
 49MR0505_2   P03    267      1     UNK   122905  0102   UN   24 14.37 N   152  3.67 E   GPS  5489   5488                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    267      1     ROS   122905  0208   BO   24 14.08 N   152  2.71 E   GPS  5470   5473      9    5604  5563    36       1-8,23,24,26,27              #23=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    267      1     ROS   122905  0422   EN   24 13.97 N   152  1.39 E   GPS  5476   5476
 49MR0505_2   P03    269      1     ROS   122905  0803   BE   24 14.80 N   151 15.26 E   GPS  5493   5490
 49MR0505_2   P03    269      1     BUC   122905  0811   UN   24 14.78 N   151 15.22 E   GPS  5479   5478                                  1,33                         25.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    269      1     UNK   122905  0821   UN   24 14.76 N   151 15.14 E   GPS  5479   5479                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    269      1     ROS   122905  0928   BO   24 14.73 N   151 14.75 E   GPS  5496   5488      9    5489  5573    35       1-8,27                       #22=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    269      1     ROS   122905  1142   EN   24 14.46 N   151 13.93 E   GPS  5461   5460
 49MR0505_2   P03    271      1     ROS   122905  1537   BE   24 17.19 N   150 28.23 E   GPS  5125   5116
 49MR0505_2   P03    271      1     BUC   122905  1547   UN   24 17.20 N   150 28.18 E   GPS  5132   5137                                  1,33                         24.2C
 49MR0505_2   P03    271      1     UNK   122905  1557   UN   24 17.25 N   150 28.10 E   GPS  5150   5126                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    271      1     ROS   122905  1658   BO   24 17.41 N   150 27.79 E   GPS  5140   5138      9    5139  5208    34       1-8,23,24,26,27              #23=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB)
 49MR0505_2   P03    271      1     ROS   122905  1902   EN   24 17.42 N   150 26.82 E   GPS  5106   5106
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      1     ROS   122905  2246   BE   24 15.91 N   149 39.83 E   GPS  5012   5012
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      1     BUC   122905  2255   UN   24 15.86 N   149 39.72 E   GPS  5023   5022                                  1,33                         24.0C
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      1     UNK   122905  2307   UN   24 15.82 N   149 39.59 E   GPS  5017   5022                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      1     ROS   123005  0002   BO   24 15.72 N   149 39.29 E   GPS  5036   5035     10    5047  5093    36       1-8,22,27                    #2-4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      2     UNK   123005  0016   BE   24 15.79 N   149 39.19 E   GPS  5040   5043                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      2     UNK   123005  0038   EN   24 15.74 N   149 39.01 E   GPS  5044   5044
 49MR0505_2   P03    273      1     ROS   123005  0203   EN   24 15.55 N   149 37.90 E   GPS  5063   5062
 49MR0505_2   P03    X10      1     ROS   123005  0406   BE   24 30.29 N   149 19.94 E   GPS  5763   5768
 49MR0505_2   P03    X10      1     BUC   123005  0414   UN   24 30.26 N   149 19.83 E   GPS  5766   5767                                  1,33                         24.1C
 49MR0505_2   P03    X10      1     UNK   123005  0422   UN   24 30.23 N   149 19.71 E   GPS  5768   5768                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2   P03    X10      1     ROS   123005  0537   BO   24 30.20 N   149 18.79 E   GPS  5770   5770      9    5889  5867    36       1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    X10      1     ROS   123005  0800   EN   24 30.08 N   149 17.71 E   GPS  5767   5767
 49MR0505_2   P03    275      1     ROS   123005  0954   BE   24 14.57 N   149  1.60 E   GPS  5789   5789
 49MR0505_2   P03    275      1     BUC   123005  1001   UN   24 14.51 N   149  1.45 E   GPS  5790   5787                                  1                            24.0C
 49MR0505_2   P03    275      1     ROS   123005  1120   BO   24 14.49 N   149  0.96 E   GPS  5791   5790      9    5839  5888    36       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2   P03    275      1     ROS   123005  1342   EN   24 14.54 N   149  0.24 E   GPS  5797   5798
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 2
 SHIP/CRS    WOCE                   CAST          UTC EVENT          POSITION                 UNC    COR HT ABOVE  WIRE   MAX    NO. OF
 EXPOCODE    SECT  STNNBR   CASTNO  TYPE   DATE   TIME  CODE   LATITUDE     LONGITUDE    NAV  DEPTH  DEPTH  BOTTOM  OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES   PARAMETERS                   COMMENTS
 ----------  ----  -------  ------  ----  ------  ----  ----  -----------  ------------  ---  -----  -----  ------  ----  -----  --------  ---------------------------  ---------------------------------------------
 49MR0505_2  P03     277      1     ROS   123005  1628   BE   24 14.77 N   148 26.85 E   GPS  5789   5787    
 49MR0505_2  P03     277      1     BUC   123005  1635   UN   24 14.75 N   148 26.73 E   GPS  5787   5788                                  1,33                         23.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     277      1     UNK   123005  1644   UN   24 14.75 N   148 26.61 E   GPS  5784   5786                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     277      1     ROS   123005  1758   BO   24 14.73 N   148 26.02 E   GPS  5788   5789    11     5852  5891    36       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     277      1     ROS   123005  2014   EN   24 14.44 N   148 24.70 E   GPS  5790   5791    
 49MR0505_2  P03     279      1     ROS   123005  2255   BE   24 15.61 N   147 50.97 E   GPS  5841   5843    
 49MR0505_2  P03     279      1     BUC   123005  2302   UN   24 15.51 N   147 50.90 E   GPS  5842   5841                                  1,31,33,82                   25.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     279      1     UNK   123005  2313   UN   24 15.47 N   147 50.80 E   GPS  5845   5839                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     279      1     ROS   123105  0023   BO   24 15.54 N   147 50.25 E   GPS  5838   5841     9     5924  5939    36       1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_2  P03     279      1     ROS   123105  0241   EN   24 15.23 N   147 49.00 E   GPS  5820   5818    
 49MR0505_2          565      1     UNK   010106  0355   BE   24 17.29 N   147 28.08 E   GPS  5835   5835                                                               MAGNETOMETER CALIBRATION
 49MR0505_2          565      1     UNK   010106  0420   EN   24 17.68 N   147 28.09 E   GPS  5834   5834    
 49MR0505_2  P03     281      1     ROS   010106  1855   BE   24 15.71 N   147 15.39 E   GPS  5855   5855    
 49MR0505_2  P03     281      1     BUC   010106  1901   UN   24 15.67 N   147 15.34 E   GPS  5858   5858                                  1,33                         25.0C
 49MR0505_2  P03     281      1     UNK   010106  1910   UN   24 15.68 N   147 15.28 E   GPS  5856   5858                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     281      1     ROS   010106  2023   BO   24 15.66 N   147 14.76 E   GPS  5871   5871     9     5923  5966    36       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     281      1     ROS   010106  2249   EN   24 15.63 N   147 13.23 E   GPS  5890   5890    
 49MR0505_2  P03     283      1     ROS   010206  0133   BE   24 16.08 N   146 39.73 E   GPS  5873   5873    
 49MR0505_2  P03     283      1     BUC   010206  0141   UN   24 16.16 N   146 39.73 E   GPS  5875   5875                                  1,33                         25.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     283      1     UNK   010206  0150   UN   24 16.27 N   146 39.75 E   GPS  5876   5876                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     283      1     ROS   010206  0305   BO   24 16.82 N   146 39.61 E   GPS  5875   5875    10     5995  5979    36       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     283      1     ROS   010206  0529   EN   24 18.35 N   146 39.74 E   GPS  5875   5875    
 49MR0505_2  P03     285      1     ROS   010206  0833   BE   24 16.75 N   146  2.92 E   GPS  5732   5730                                                               SEC OXYGEN SENSOR REPLACED
 49MR0505_2  P03     285      1     BUC   010206  0839   UN   24 16.83 N   146  2.86 E   GPS  5724   5725                                  1,33                         25.0C
 49MR0505_2  P03     285      1     UNK   010206  0848   UN   24 16.90 N   146  2.83 E   GPS  5726   5726                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     285      1     ROS   010206  1000   BO   24 17.28 N   146  3.09 E   GPS  5726   5725     9     5734  5826    35       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     285      1     ROS   010206  1225   EN   24 18.53 N   146  4.18 E   GPS  5724   5724    
 49MR0505_2  P03     287      1     ROS   010206  1543   BE   24 14.03 N   145 27.19 E   GPS  5559   5558    
 49MR0505_2  P03     287      1     BUC   010206  1551   UN   24 14.13 N   145 27.27 E   GPS  5557   5557                                  1                            25.0C
 49MR0505_2  P03     287      1     ROS   010206  1710   BO   24 13.90 N   145 27.76 E   GPS  5561   5561    10     5571  5645    35       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     287      1     ROS   010206  1927   EN   24 13.57 N   145 29.09 E   GPS  5556   5556    
 49MR0505_2  P03     289      1     ROS   010206  2303   BE   24 13.65 N   144 50.02 E   GPS  5348   5349    
 49MR0505_2  P03     289      1     BUC   010206  2310   UN   24 13.55 N   144 50.18 E   GPS  5353   5347                                  1,33                         23.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     289      1     UNK   010206  2320   UN   24 13.52 N   144 50.21 E   GPS  5348   5347                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     289      1     ROS   010306  0023   BO   24 13.20 N   144 50.05 E   GPS  5359   5359    10     5391  5434    34       1-8,27                       #20 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2  P03     289      1     ROS   010306  0237   EN   24 12.52 N   144 49.95 E   GPS  5362   5362    
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     ROS   010306  0546   BE   24 15.56 N   144 14.81 E   GPS  4898   4898    
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     BUC   010306  0555   UN   24 15.45 N   144 14.77 E   GPS  4895   4896                                  1,31,33                      23.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     UNK   010306  0611   UN   24 15.29 N   144 14.57 E   GPS  4896   4896                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     ROS   010306  0706   BO   24 14.84 N   144 14.03 E   GPS  4911   4911     9     5022  4969    36       1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81     #2-5 FOR POM
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     ROS   010306  0915   EN   24 14.29 N   144 12.79 E   GPS  4967   4967    
 49MR0505_2  P03     291      1     FLT   010306  0921   DE   24 14.24 N   144 12.64 E   GPS  4981   4982                                                               ARGO SN2296 (ARGOS_ID 60094)
 49MR0505_2  P03     293      1     ROS   010306  1205   BE   24 16.43 N   143 38.26 E   GPS  8758   8759                                                               WITHOUT LADCP
 49MR0505_2  P03     293      1     BUC   010306  1213   UN   24 16.34 N   143 38.04 E   GPS  8790   8792                                  1,33                         24.2C
 49MR0505_2  P03     293      1     UNK   010306  1223   UN   24 16.21 N   143 37.96 E   GPS  8795   8793                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     293      1     ROS   010306  1342   BO   24 15.48 N   143 37.68 E   GPS  8740   8740    -9     6482  6502    36       1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     293      1     ROS   010306  1627   EN   24 14.33 N   143 37.81 E   GPS  8291   8292    
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      1     ROS   010306  1832   BE   24 15.04 N   143 13.67 E   GPS  4674   4674    
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      1     BUC   010306  1839   UN   24 15.09 N   143 13.66 E   GPS  4645   4646                                  1,33                         23.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      1     UNK   010306  1849   UN   24 15.10 N   143 13.66 E   GPS  4648   4648                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      1     ROS   010306  1945   BO   24 15.22 N   143 13.51 E   GPS  4624   4625     5     4634  4689    34       1-8,22,27                    #2-4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      2     UNK   010306  1953   BE   24 15.25 N   143 13.55 E   GPS  4619   4618                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      2     UNK   010306  2007   EN   24 15.28 N   143 13.62 E   GPS  4629   4624    
 49MR0505_2  P03     295      1     ROS   010306  2147   EN   24 15.63 N   143 13.39 E   GPS  4648   4648    
 49MR0505_2  P03     297      1     ROS   010306  2345   BE   24 14.88 N   142 56.72 E   GPS  2472   2480    
 49MR0505_2  P03     297      1     BUC   010306  2352   UN   24 14.83 N   142 56.66 E   GPS  2476   2477                                  1                            23.4C
 49MR0505_2  P03     297      1     ROS   010406  0026   BO   24 14.71 N   142 56.46 E   GPS  2583   2591    19     2514  2526    22       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     297      1     ROS   010406  0138   EN   24 14.57 N   142 56.16 E   GPS  2675   2693    
 49MR0505_2  P03     299      1     ROS   010406  0411   BE   24 14.19 N   142 27.31 E   GPS  2914   2913    
 49MR0505_2  P03     299      1     BUC   010406  0419   UN   24 14.14 N   142 27.22 E   GPS  2915   2914                                  1,33                         24.8C
 49MR0505_2  P03     299      1     UNK   010406  0428   UN   24 14.12 N   142 27.10 E   GPS  2905   2902                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     299      1     ROS   010406  0500   BO   24 14.02 N   142 26.73 E   GPS  2888   2885    10     2970  2926    24       1-8,23,24,26,27              DECK UNIT FUZED (AT 2800DB, UPCAST)
 49MR0505_2  P03     299      1     ROS   010406  0635   EN   24 13.69 N   142 25.66 E   GPS  2854   2851    
 49MR0505_2  P03     301      1     ROS   010406  0900   BE   24 14.10 N   142  6.68 E   GPS  2580   2579    
 49MR0505_2  P03     301      1     BUC   010406  0907   UN   24 14.04 N   142  6.60 E   GPS  2580   2578                                  1                            24.5C
 49MR0505_2  P03     301      1     ROS   010406  0943   BO   24 13.98 N   142  6.11 E   GPS  2579   2579     8     2610  2593    22       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     301      1     ROS   010406  1103   EN   24 13.77 N   142  4.94 E   GPS  2578   2578    
 49MR0505_2  P03     303      1     ROS   010406  1256   BE   24 14.35 N   141 45.54 E   GPS  2520   2518    
 49MR0505_2  P03     303      1     BUC   010406  1304   UN   24 14.29 N   141 45.43 E   GPS  2513   2516                                  1,33                         24.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     303      1     UNK   010406  1313   UN   24 14.33 N   141 45.34 E   GPS  2517   2515                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     303      1     ROS   010406  1339   BO   24 14.40 N   141 45.20 E   GPS  2507   2509     9     2525  2529    22       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     303      1     ROS   010406  1458   EN   24 14.31 N   141 44.70 E   GPS  2501   2501    
 49MR0505_2  P03     305      1     ROS   010406  1659   BE   24 14.72 N   141 33.59 E   GPS  1320   1321                                                               NEAR ACTIVE SUBMARINE VOLCANO
 49MR0505_2  P03     305      1     BUC   010406  1707   UN   24 14.70 N   141 33.57 E   GPS  1322   1322                                  1                            24.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     305      1     ROS   010406  1728   BO   24 14.62 N   141 33.54 E   GPS  1324   1329    14     1353  1359    16       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     305      1     ROS   010406  1821   EN   24 14.45 N   141 33.37 E   GPS  1349   1342    
 49MR0505_2  P03     306      1     ROS   010406  2019   BE   24 14.57 N   141 24.39 E   GPS   892    888    
 49MR0505_2  P03     306      1     BUC   010406  2025   UN   24 14.56 N   141 24.37 E   GPS   892    892                                  1                            24.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     306      1     ROS   010406  2038   BO   24 14.52 N   141 24.35 E   GPS   872    885    10      876   880    13       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     306      1     ROS   010406  2112   EN   24 14.45 N   141 24.29 E   GPS   884    886    
 49MR0505_2  P03     308      1     ROS   010406  2313   BE   24 15.01 N   141 11.99 E   GPS  1864   1865    
 49MR0505_2  P03     308      1     BUC   010406  2320   UN   24 15.09 N   141 11.97 E   GPS  1846   1844                                  1,33                         23.4C
 49MR0505_2  P03     308      1     UNK   010406  2328   UN   24 15.13 N   141 11.99 E   GPS  1839   1836                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     308      1     ROS   010406  2345   BO   24 15.15 N   141 12.04 E   GPS  1835   1834     9     1833  1841    18       1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     308      1     ROS   010506  0041   EN   24 15.46 N   141 12.24 E   GPS  1833   1832    
 49MR0505_2  P03     310      1     ROS   010506  0241   BE   24 15.83 N   140 47.81 E   GPS  2695   2693    
 49MR0505_2  P03     310      1     BUC   010506  0249   UN   24 15.91 N   140 47.74 E   GPS  2679   2678                                  1                            23.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     310      1     ROS   010506  0325   BO   24 15.99 N   140 47.56 E   GPS  2681   2680    10     2680  2697    23       1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     310      1     ROS   010506  0445   EN   24 16.11 N   140 47.38 E   GPS  2678   2676    
 49MR0505_2  P03     312      1     ROS   010506  0727   BE   24 15.67 N   140 15.98 E   GPS  4024   4015    
 49MR0505_2  P03     312      1     BUC   010506  0733   UN   24 15.65 N   140 16.00 E   GPS  4016   4016                                  1,33                         23.0C
 49MR0505_2  P03     312      1     UNK   010506  0742   UN   24 15.61 N   140 16.00 E   GPS  4019   4022                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     312      1     ROS   010506  0829   BO   24 15.44 N   140 16.17 E   GPS  4015   4014    10     4034  4070     28      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     312      1     ROS   010506  1026   EN   24 15.29 N   140 16.76 E   GPS  4027   4026    
 49MR0505_2  P03     314      1     ROS   010506  1429   BE   24 13.88 N   139 24.75 E   GPS  4793   4792    
 49MR0505_2  P03     314      1     BUC   010506  1436   UN   24 13.84 N   139 24.74 E   GPS  4786   4789                                  1,31,33,82                   22.5C
 49MR0505_2  P03     314      1     UNK   010506  1447   UN   24 13.80 N   139 24.75 E   GPS  4787   4787                                                               AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     314      1     ROS   010506  1543   BO   24 13.61 N   139 24.89 E   GPS  4792   4784    10     4802  4854     32      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82
 49MR0505_2  P03     314      1     ROS   010506  1742   EN   24 12.56 N   139 24.87 E   GPS  4633   4636    
 49MR0505_2  P03     316      1     ROS   010506  2150   BE   24 15.54 N   138 34.41 E   GPS  5027   5026    
 49MR0505_2  P03     316      1     BUC   010506  2156   UN   24 15.55 N   138 34.35 E   GPS  5026   5027                                  1,33                         21.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     316      1     UNK   010506  2206   UN   24 15.52 N   138 34.27 E   GPS  5026   5027                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     316      1     ROS   010506  2307   BO   24 15.27 N   138 33.80 E   GPS  5027   5028     9     5061  5103     33      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     316      1     ROS   010606  0116   EN   24 15.17 N   138 33.37 E   GPS  5028   5028    
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      1     ROS   010606  0501   BE   24 14.69 N   137 48.26 E   GPS  5124   5125    
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      1     BUC   010606  0508   UN   24 14.60 N   137 48.23 E   GPS  5122   5122                                  1,33                         21.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      1     UNK   010606  0517   UN   24 14.47 N   137 48.18 E   GPS  5100   5106                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      1     ROS   010606  0621   BO   24 14.07 N   137 47.83 E   GPS  5027   5031     9     5153  5173     36      1-8,22,27                    #2-4 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      2     UNK   010606  0628   BE   24 14.04 N   137 47.79 E   GPS  5029   5021                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      2     UNK   010606  0644   EN   24 13.99 N   137 47.69 E   GPS  5007   5007    
 49MR0505_2  P03     318      1     ROS   010606  0836   EN   24 13.47 N   137 47.40 E   GPS  5060   5065    
 49MR0505_2  P03     X09      1     ROS   010606  1514   BE   23 59.82 N   136 59.77 E   GPS  4045   4046    
 49MR0505_2  P03     X09      1     BUC   010606  1522   UN   23 59.77 N   136 59.78 E   GPS  4045   4040                                  1,33                         22.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     X09      1     UNK   010606  1531   UN   23 59.64 N   136 59.79 E   GPS  4071   4072                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     X09      1     ROS   010606  1622   BO   23 59.22 N   136 59.60 E   GPS  4091   4100    10     4163  4166     30      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27        #2 DUPL FOR SALNTY
 49MR0505_2  P03     X09      1     ROS   010606  1808   EN   23 58.37 N   136 59.05 E   GPS  4128   4128    
 49MR0505_2  P03     322      1     ROS   010606  2241   BE   24 14.84 N   136 12.03 E   GPS  3925   3925    
 49MR0505_2  P03     322      1     BUC   010606  2249   UN   24 14.65 N   136 11.97 E   GPS  3948   3969                                  1,33                         21.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     322      1     UNK   010606  2258   UN   24 14.51 N   136 11.89 E   GPS  3987   3988                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     322      1     ROS   010606  2347   BO   24 14.15 N   136 11.41 E   GPS  4368   4363    10     4181  4154     29      1-8,23,24,26,27              #2 DUPL FOR SALNTY, #18 MISS FIRE
 49MR0505_2          566      1     UNK   010706  0030   UN   24 13.93 N   136 11.10 E   GPS  4539   4539                                                               RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2  P03     322      1     ROS   010706  0136   EN   24 13.55 N   136 10.77 E   GPS  4748   4765    
 49MR0505_2  P03     324      1     ROS   010706  0444   BE   24 15.56 N   135 36.84 E   GPS  5309   5309    
 49MR0505_2  P03     324      1     BUC   010706  0453   UN   24 15.42 N   135 36.73 E   GPS  5314   5316                                  1,33                         22.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     324      1     UNK   010706  0503   UN   24 15.27 N   135 36.58 E   GPS  5322   5320                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     324      1     ROS   010706  0607   BO   24 14.98 N   135 36.17 E   GPS  5326   5326     9     5367  5403     34      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     324      1     ROS   010706  0820   EN   24 14.33 N   135 34.96 E   GPS  5329   5330    
 49MR0505_2  P03     326      1     ROS   010706  1116   BE   24 14.17 N   135  2.04 E   GPS  5174   5175    
 49MR0505_2  P03     326      1     BUC   010706  1124   UN   24 14.19 N   135  1.88 E   GPS  5167   5167                                  1,33                         22.2C
 49MR0505_2  P03     326      1     UNK   010706  1134   UN   24 14.25 N   135  1.79 E   GPS  5172   5176                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     326      1     ROS   010706  1234   BO   24 14.30 N   135  1.37 E   GPS  5171   5172     9     5200  5250     33      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     326      1     ROS   010706  1443   EN   24 14.35 N   135  0.61 E   GPS  5169   5174    
 49MR0505_2  P03     328      1     ROS   010706  1728   BE   24 13.89 N   134 30.70 E   GPS  5034   5038    
 49MR0505_2  P03     328      1     BUC   010706  1738   UN   24 13.91 N   134 30.68 E   GPS  5040   5041                                  1                            23.7C
 49MR0505_2  P03     328      1     ROS   010706  1848   BO   24 13.42 N   134 30.90 E   GPS  5021   5022     8     5076  5108     33      1-8,23,24,26,27              JELLYFISH IN PRI TC DUCT(UP CAST ABOVE 1200M)
 49MR0505_2  P03     328      1     ROS   010706  2055   EN   24 12.34 N   134 30.22 E   GPS  5032   5030    
 49MR0505_2  P03     329      1     ROS   010706  2347   BE   24 12.60 N   133 59.39 E   GPS  4952   4951    
 49MR0505_2  P03     329      1     BUC   010706  2357   UN   24 12.53 N   133 59.37 E   GPS  4949   4949                                  1,33                         22.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     329      1     UNK   010806  0007   UN   24 12.54 N   133 59.35 E   GPS  4951   4949                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     329      1     ROS   010806  0102   BO   24 12.42 N   133 59.12 E   GPS  4948   4948     8     4957  5017     32      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     329      1     ROS   010806  0306   EN   24 12.13 N   133 58.38 E   GPS  4947   4947    
 49MR0505_2  P03     331      1     ROS   010806  0628   BE   24 15.81 N   133 21.58 E   GPS  4645   4646    
 49MR0505_2  P03     331      1     BUC   010806  0636   UN   24 15.66 N   133 21.53 E   GPS  4641   4642                                  1,33                         21.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     331      1     UNK   010806  0646   UN   24 15.58 N   133 21.45 E   GPS  4640   4637                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     331      1     ROS   010806  0742   BO   24 15.33 N   133 21.01 E   GPS  4642   4642     9     4700  4707     31      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     331      1     ROS   010806  0941   EN   24 14.60 N   133 20.52 E   GPS  4640   4641    
 49MR0505_2  P03     333      1     ROS   010806  1219   BE   24 16.93 N   132 49.97 E   GPS  4037   4038    
 49MR0505_2  P03     333      1     BUC   010806  1226   UN   24 16.99 N   132 49.80 E   GPS  4042   4043                                  1,31,33                      23.7C
 49MR0505_2  P03     333      1     UNK   010806  1242   UN   24 17.17 N   132 49.61 E   GPS  4042   4040                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     333      1     ROS   010806  1322   BO   24 17.38 N   132 49.35 E   GPS  4047   4048    10     4097  4091     33      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81     #2-5 FOR POM
 49MR0505_2  P03     333      1     ROS   010806  1510   EN   24 18.18 N   132 48.54 E   GPS  4001   4001    
 49MR0505_2  P03     335      1     ROS   011006  0958   BE   24 15.32 N   132 12.50 E   GPS  3015   3013    
 49MR0505_2  P03     335      1     BUC   011006  1005   UN   24 15.56 N   132 12.36 E   GPS  3073   3074                                  1,33                         23.4C
 49MR0505_2  P03     335      1     UNK   011006  1014   UN   24 15.71 N   132 12.38 E   GPS  3133   3130                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     335      1     ROS   011006  1051   BO   24 16.22 N   132 12.42 E   GPS  3220   3220    10     3256  3194     25      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     335      1     ROS   011006  1229   EN   24 17.31 N   132 12.66 E   GPS  3340   3338    
 49MR0505_2  P03     337      1     ROS   011006  1457   BE   24 15.05 N   131 35.86 E   GPS  2380   2378    
 49MR0505_2  P03     337      1     BUC   011006  1504   UN   24 15.09 N   131 35.89 E   GPS  2379   2379                                  1                            23.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     337      1     ROS   011006  1537   BO   24 15.22 N   131 35.77 E   GPS  2381   2381     9     2385  2396     21      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     337      1     ROS   011006  1648   EN   24 15.36 N   131 35.27 E   GPS  2375   2373    
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      1     ROS   011006  1918   BE   24 15.90 N   130 58.98 E   GPS  3349   3351    
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      1     BUC   011006  1925   UN   24 16.01 N   130 58.88 E   GPS  3370   3373                                  1,33                         23.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      1     UNK   011006  1934   UN   24 16.09 N   130 58.75 E   GPS  3358   3358                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      1     ROS   011006  2013   BO   24 16.25 N   130 58.14 E   GPS  3489   3489    14     3486  3418     28      1-8,22,27                    #2,3 FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      2     UNK   011006  2017   BE   24 16.23 N   130 58.08 E   GPS  3496   3495                                                               80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N.
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      2     UNK   011006  2035   EN   24 16.25 N   130 57.80 E   GPS  3563   3565    
 49MR0505_2  P03     339      1     ROS   011006  2144   EN   24 16.61 N   130 57.62 E   GPS  3485   3486    
 49MR0505_2  P03     341      1     ROS   011106  0048   BE   24 14.88 N   130 22.47 E   GPS  4586   4569    
 49MR0505_2  P03     341      1     BUC   011106  0056   UN   24 14.95 N   130 22.43 E   GPS  4605   4608                                  1                            22.2C
 49MR0505_2  P03     341      1     ROS   011106  0159   BO   24 15.37 N   130 22.21 E   GPS  4479   4474     9     4577  4596     31      1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     341      1     ROS   011106  0355   EN   24 16.31 N   130 21.89 E   GPS  4617   4618    
 49MR0505_2  P03     343      1     ROS   011106  0654   BE   24 15.84 N   129 47.35 E   GPS  4101   4101    
 49MR0505_2  P03     343      1     BUC   011106  0701   UN   24 15.89 N   129 47.25 E   GPS  4089   4089                                  1,33                         22.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     343      1     UNK   011106  0710   UN   24 15.94 N   129 47.22 E   GPS  4078   4079                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     343      1     ROS   011106  0759   BO   24 16.23 N   129 47.11 E   GPS  4156   4159    10     4118  4139     29      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     343      1     ROS   011106  0950   EN   24 16.90 N   129 46.62 E   GPS  4192   4192    
 49MR0505_2  P03     345      1     ROS   011106  1220   BE   24 15.66 N   129 17.33 E   GPS  4385   4387    
 49MR0505_2  P03     345      1     BUC   011106  1229   UN   24 15.78 N   129 17.36 E   GPS  4356   4357                                  1,33                         23.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     345      1     UNK   011106  1237   UN   24 15.87 N   129 17.32 E   GPS  4358   4358                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     345      1     ROS   011106  1328   BO   24 16.31 N   129 17.42 E   GPS  4335   4338     9     4412  4412     30      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     345      1     ROS   011106  1524   EN   24 17.33 N   129 17.52 E   GPS  4269   4274    
 49MR0505_2  P03     347      1     ROS   011106  1731   BE   24 15.20 N   128 53.67 E   GPS  5125   5125    
 49MR0505_2  P03     347      1     BUC   011106  1741   UN   24 15.29 N   128 53.69 E   GPS  5129   5129                                  1                            22.8C
 49MR0505_2  P03     347      1     ROS   011106  1853   BO   24 15.98 N   128 53.75 E   GPS  5169   5172    10     5225  5216     33      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     347      1     ROS   011106  2115   EN   24 17.17 N   128 53.90 E   GPS  5146   5146    
 49MR0505_2  P03     349      1     ROS   011106  2357   BE   24 15.05 N   128 24.28 E   GPS  5817   5818    
 49MR0505_2  P03     349      1     BUC   011206  0007   UN   24 15.16 N   128 24.33 E   GPS  5819   5820                                  1,31,33,82                   21.8C
 49MR0505_2  P03     349      1     UNK   011206  0019   UN   24 15.27 N   128 24.37 E   GPS  5817   5817                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     349      1     ROS   011206  0126   BO   24 15.52 N   128 24.46 E   GPS  5838   5834     8     5835  5915     36      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82
 49MR0505_2  P03     349      1     ROS   011206  0352   EN   24 16.38 N   128 24.83 E   GPS  5817   5819    
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      1     ROS   011206  0601   BE   24 33.10 N   128 13.64 E   GPS  5960   5954    
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      1     BUC   011206  0612   UN   24 33.16 N   128 13.69 E   GPS  5975   5977                                  1,33                         21.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      1     UNK   011206  0620   UN   24 33.19 N   128 13.69 E   GPS  5993   5993                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      1     ROS   011206  0734   BO   24 33.53 N   128 13.69 E   GPS  5988   5988     9     6010  6082     36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      1     ROS   011206  1012   EN   24 34.92 N   128 13.35 E   GPS  6036   6036    
 49MR0505_2          567      1     UNK   011306  0057   UN   24 48.77 N   128  1.59 E   GPS  6920   6920                                                               RAIN SMPL (55MM/HR)
 49MR0505_2  P03     369      1     ROS   011306  0755   BE   25 54.97 N   127 11.66 E   GPS    94     95
 49MR0505_2  P03     369      1     BUC   011306  0758   UN   25 55.04 N   127 11.65 E   GPS    95     94                                  1,33                         21.9C
 49MR0505_2  P03     369      1     ROS   011306  0800   BO   25 55.13 N   127 11.64 E   GPS    93     94    11       79    82      3      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     369      1     UNK   011306  0805   UN   25 55.22 N   127 11.66 E   GPS    93     94                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     369      1     ROS   011306  0808   EN   25 55.26 N   127 11.68 E   GPS  89 91      
 49MR0505_2  P03     367      1     ROS   011306  0956   BE   25 45.90 N   127 17.63 E   GPS  1123   1123    
 49MR0505_2  P03     367      1     BUC   011306  1005   UN   25 45.79 N   127 17.57 E   GPS  1124   1131                                  1,33                         22.3C
 49MR0505_2  P03     367      1     UNK   011306  1014   UN   25 45.73 N   127 17.45 E   GPS  1174   1168                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     367      1     ROS   011306  1021   BO   25 45.65 N   127 17.45 E   GPS  1191   1187    10     1158  1145     15      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     367      1     ROS   011306  1110   EN   25 45.25 N   127 16.88 E   GPS  1281   1290    
 49MR0505_2  P03     365      1     ROS   011306  1245   BE   25 37.37 N   127 24.79 E   GPS  2155   2153    
 49MR0505_2  P03     365      1     BUC   011306  1256   UN   25 37.32 N   127 24.66 E   GPS  2149   2150                                  1,31,33                      22.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     365      1     UNK   011306  1307   UN   25 37.30 N   127 24.57 E   GPS  2139   2138                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     365      1     ROS   011306  1325   BO   25 37.20 N   127 24.46 E   GPS  2138   2140     9      2151  2150    20      1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33
 49MR0505_2  P03     365      1     ROS   011306  1438   EN   25 37.10 N   127 24.25 E   GPS  2132   2134    
 49MR0505_2  P03     363      1     ROS   011306  1638   BE   25 27.96 N   127 30.96 E   GPS  2344   2343    
 49MR0505_2  P03     363      1     BUC   011306  1648   UN   25 27.99 N   127 30.78 E   GPS  2343   2343                                  1                            22.1C
 49MR0505_2  P03     363      1     ROS   011306  1720   BO   25 27.93 N   127 30.72 E   GPS  2343   2344    10      2340  2356    21      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     363      1     ROS   011306  1834   EN   25 27.95 N   127 30.22 E   GPS  2470   2472    
 49MR0505_2  P03     361      1     ROS   011306  2009   BE   25 19.87 N   127 37.84 E   GPS  2187   2184    
 49MR0505_2  P03     361      1     BUC   011306  2016   UN   25 19.96 N   127 37.71 E   GPS  2171   2169                                  1,33                         22.2C
 49MR0505_2  P03     361      1     UNK   011306  2025   UN   25 20.02 N   127 37.57 E   GPS  2139   2142                                                               AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     361      1     ROS   011306  2044   BO   25 20.09 N   127 37.44 E   GPS  2176   2175    10      2143  2154    20      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     361      1     ROS   011306  2156   EN   25 20.32 N   127 36.83 E   GPS  2186   2177    
 49MR0505_2  P03     359      1     ROS   011306  2357   BE   25 10.03 N   127 45.47 E   GPS  3655   3647    
 49MR0505_2  P03     359      1     BUC   011406  0006   UN   25 10.16 N   127 45.36 E   GPS  3632   3632                                  1                           22.0C
 49MR0505_2  P03     359      1     ROS   011406  0057   BO   25 10.50 N   127 45.34 E   GPS  3643   3652     9      3674  3698    27      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     359      1     ROS   011406  0241   EN   25 10.98 N   127 45.51 E   GPS  3645   3651    
 49MR0505_2  P03     357      1     ROS   011406  0417   BE   25  3.90 N   127 49.19 E   GPS  5184   5182    
 49MR0505_2  P03     357      1     BUC   011406  0424   UN   25  3.85 N   127 49.20 E   GPS  5189   5189                                  1,33                        22.4C
 49MR0505_2  P03     357      1     UNK   011406  0434   UN   25  3.82 N   127 49.15 E   GPS  5193   5191                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     357      1     ROS   011406  0538   BO   25  3.50 N   127 48.98 E   GPS  5228   5225    11      5214  5269    33      1-8,23,24,26,27             #17 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2  P03     357      1     ROS   011406  0751   EN   25  2.37 N   127 48.35 E   GPS  5245   5243    
 49MR0505_2  P03     355      1     ROS   011406  0958   BE   24 58.38 N   127 55.03 E   GPS  6708   6713    
 49MR0505_2  P03     355      1     BUC   011406  1005   UN   24 58.35 N   127 54.99 E   GPS  6703   6703                                  1,33                       22.8C
 49MR0505_2  P03     355      1     UNK   011406  1015   UN   24 58.33 N   127 54.94 E   GPS  6677   6674                                                             AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     355      1     ROS   011406  1136   BO   24 58.10 N   127 54.14 E   GPS  6571   6558    -9      6489  6502    36      1-8,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     355      1     ROS   011406  1433   EN   24 58.29 N   127 52.45 E   GPS  6283   6293    
 49MR0505_2  P03     353      1     ROS   011406  1609   BE   24 49.00 N   128  1.25 E   GPS  6996   7006    
 49MR0505_2  P03     353      1     BUC   011406  1617   UN   24 49.11 N   128  1.13 E   GPS  7053   7052                                  1,33                       23.2C
 49MR0505_2  P03     353      1     UNK   011406  1626   UN   24 49.20 N   128  1.07 E   GPS  7111   7094                                                             AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     353      1     ROS   011406  1751   BO   24 49.87 N   128  0.92 E   GPS  7412   7411    -9      6438  6501    36      1-8,23,24,26,27
 49MR0505_2  P03     353      1     ROS   011406  2054   EN   24 51.54 N   128  0.68 E   GPS  7303   7303    
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      2     ROS   011406  2309   BE   24 33.00 N   128 13.49 E   GPS  5968   5969    
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      2     BUC   011406  2316   UN   24 33.05 N   128 13.52 E   GPS  5948   5949                                  1,33                       22.7C
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      2     UNK   011406  2325   UN   24 33.08 N   128 13.51 E   GPS  5972   5961                                                             AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      2     ROS   011506  0038   BO   24 33.35 N   128 13.63 E   GPS  5972   5972    11      5975  6062    35      1,2                        #14 MISS FIRE, #21 MISS TRIP
 49MR0505_2  P03     351      2     ROS   011506  0311   EN   24 33.88 N   128 13.88 E   GPS  6031   6020    
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Parameter
1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=Δ14C, 13=δ13C, 22=137CS, 23= Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 
42= Abundance of bacteria, 64= Incubation, 81= Particulate organic matter, 82=15NO3 


49MR0505_3.sum FILE
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 3
 SHIP/CRS    WOCE                  CAST          UTC EVENT         POSITION                 UNC     COR HT ABOVE   WIRE  MAX       NO. OF
 EXPOCODE    SECT  STNNBR  CASTNO  TYPE  DATE    TIME  CODE  LATITUDE    LONGITUDE    NAV  DEPTH  DEPTH   BOTTOM  OUT   PRESS  BOTTLES  PARAMETERS                   COMMENTS
 ----------  ----  ------  ------  ----  ------  ----  ----  ----------  -----------  ---  -----  ------  ------  ----  -----  -------  ---------------------------  --------------------------------------
 49MR0505_3  P03   370       1     ROS   012006  0650   BE   26 23.41 N  126 42.26 E  GPS   406     406
 49MR0505_3  P03   370       1     BUC   012006  0651   UN   26 23.40 N  126 42.26 E  GPS   397     398                                 1,33,42                      22.3C
 49MR0505_3  P03   370       1     ROS   012006  0659   BO   26 23.31 N  126 42.22 E  GPS   328     328     16     304   308     9     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   370       1     UNK   012006  0703   UN   26 23.27 N  126 42.20 E  GPS   311     311                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   370       1     ROS   012006  0725   EN   26 23.03 N  126 42.10 E  GPS   194    194
 49MR0505_3  P03   372       1     ROS   012006  0831   BE   26 27.07 N  126 37.50 E  GPS   1400   1402
 49MR0505_3  P03   372       1     BUC   012006  0839   UN   26 27.04 N  126 37.53 E  GPS   1387   1387                                 1,31,33,42                   22.3C
 49MR0505_3  P03   372       1     UNK   012006  0852   UN   26 27.03 N  126 37.55 E  GPS   1371   1370                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   372       1     ROS   012006  0858   BO   26 27.02 N  126 37.54 E  GPS   1366   1365     13    1369  1376     18     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   372       1     ROS   012006  1006   EN   26 26.81 N  126 37.58 E  GPS   1324   1325
 49MR0505_3  P03   374       1     ROS   012006  1205   BE   26 36.26 N  126 31.57 E  GPS   1488   1489
 49MR0505_3  P03   374       1     BUC   012006  1213   UN   26 36.21 N  126 31.53 E  GPS   1488   1489                                 1,33,42                      22.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   374       1     UNK   012006  1223   UN   26 36.17 N  126 31.47 E  GPS   1491   1491                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   374       1     ROS   012006  1234   BO   26 36.29 N  126 31.34 E  GPS   1516   1516     14    1509  1489     19     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   374       1     ROS   012006  1342   EN   26 36.73 N  126 30.46 E  GPS   1513   1516
 49MR0505_3  P03   376       1     ROS   012006  1519   BE   26 44.02 N  126 20.27 E  GPS   1900   1903
 49MR0505_3  P03   376       1     BUC   012006  1528   UN   26 44.07 N  126 20.13 E  GPS   1912   1913                                 1,42                         22.5C
 49MR0505_3  P03   376       1     ROS   012006  1557   BO   26 44.38 N  126 19.77 E  GPS   1910   1913     14    1946  1891     22     1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27,42     #17=#19 DUPL SMPLS (1800DB)
 49MR0505_3  P03   376       1     ROS   012006  1718   EN   26 45.27 N  126 18.91 E  GPS   1897   1897
 49MR0505_3  P03   378       1     ROS   012006  1906   BE   26 53.17 N  126 11.44 E  GPS   1536   1536
 49MR0505_3  P03   378       1     BUC   012006  1914   UN   26 53.25 N  126 11.36 E  GPS   1532   1533                                 1,33,42                      22.7C
 49MR0505_3  P03   378       1     UNK   012006  1927   UN   26 53.42 N  126 11.24 E  GPS   1532   1532                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   378       1     ROS   012006  1935   BO   26 53.48 N  126 11.18 E  GPS   1535   1535     10    1540  1530     19     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   378       1     ROS   012006  2044   EN   26 54.11 N  126 10.73 E  GPS   1554   1553
 49MR0505_3  P03   380       1     ROS   012006  2220   BE   26 57.86 N  126  5.07 E  GPS   1417   1417
 49MR0505_3  P03   380       1     BUC   012006  2229   UN   26 57.99 N  126  5.03 E  GPS   1417   1417                                 1,42                         23.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   380       1     ROS   012006  2248   BO   26 58.19 N  126  4.94 E  GPS   1357   1356     10    1349  1353     19     1-8,23,24,26,27,42           #23 MISS TRIP, SEAWATER SAMPLE (#23)
                                                                                                                                                                     COLLECTED FROM #5
 49MR0505_3  P03   380       1     ROS   012006  2356   EN   26 58.84 N  126  4.54 E  GPS    977    977
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       1     ROS   012106  0147   BE   27  4.27 N  125 58.71 E  GPS    863    863
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       1     BUC   012106  0156   UN   27  4.38 N  125 58.66 E  GPS    853    853                                 1,31,33,42                   22.6C
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       1     ROS   012106  0206   BO   27  4.44 N  125 58.56 E  GPS    837    836     11     835   838     18     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81  #23=#25 DUPL SMPLS (800DB)
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       1     UNK   012106  0211   UN   27  4.45 N  125 58.53 E  GPS    829    830                                                              AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       1     ROS   012106  0251   EN   27  4.91 N  125 58.36 E  GPS    780    780
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       2     ROS   012106  2254   BE   27  4.34 N  125 58.63 E  GPS    851    851
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       2     BUC   012106  2303   UN   27  4.45 N  125 58.56 E  GPS    838    838                                 1,33                         23.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       2     UNK   012106  2312   UN   27  4.46 N  125 58.54 E  GPS    829    829                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       2     ROS   012106  2315   BO   27  4.46 N  125 58.53 E  GPS    829    829     12     819   826     15     1,2
 49MR0505_3  P03   382       2     ROS   012206  0002   EN   27  4.68 N  125 58.27 E  GPS    790    790
 49MR0505_3  P03   384       1     ROS   012206  0052   BE   27  9.92 N  125 52.99 E  GPS    307    307
 49MR0505_3  P03   384       1     BUC   012206  0054   UN   27  9.91 N  125 52.98 E  GPS    301    301                                 1,42                         22.5C
 49MR0505_3  P03   384       1     ROS   012206  0100   BO   27  9.90 N  125 52.96 E  GPS    303    304     12     282   288      9     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   384       1     ROS   012206  0124   EN   27  9.86 N  125 52.89 E  GPS    296    296
 49MR0505_3  P03   385       1     ROS   012206  0239   BE   27 18.81 N  125 44.22 E  GPS    145    145
 49MR0505_3  P03   385       1     BUC   012206  0241   UN   27 18.81 N  125 44.22 E  GPS    146    146                                 1,33,42                      22.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   385       1     ROS   012206  0244   BO   27 18.85 N  125 44.24 E  GPS    145    145      9     128   135      6     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   385       1     UNK   012206  0251   UN   27 18.93 N  125 44.25 E  GPS    146    146                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   385       1     ROS   012206  0255   EN   27 18.99 N  125 44.26 E  GPS    145    145
 49MR0505_3  P03   386       1     ROS   012206  0403   BE   27 27.13 N  125 35.26 E  GPS    124    124
 49MR0505_3  P03   386       1     BUC   012206  0406   UN   27 27.17 N  125 35.27 E  GPS    121    121                                 1,42                         20.3C
 49MR0505_3  P03   386       1     ROS   012206  0409   BO   27 27.21 N  125 35.28 E  GPS    122    122      9     111   111      6     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   386       1     ROS   012206  0421   EN   27 27.41 N  125 35.28 E  GPS    122    122
 49MR0505_3  P03   387       1     ROS   012206  0537   BE   27 36.34 N  125 26.30 E  GPS    117    117
 49MR0505_3  P03   387       1     BUC   012206  0539   UN   27 36.35 N  125 26.29 E  GPS    117    117                                 1,33,42                      19.4C
 49MR0505_3  P03   387       1     ROS   012206  0542   BO   27 36.36 N  125 26.27 E  GPS    118    118     11    100   102       5     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   387       1     UNK   012206  0548   UN   27 36.39 N  125 26.26 E  GPS    114    115                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   387       1     ROS   012206  0554   EN   27 36.40 N  125 26.25 E  GPS    115    115
 49MR0505_3  P03   388       1     ROS   012206  0727   BE   27 44.96 N  125 12.93 E  GPS    111    111
 49MR0505_3  P03   388       1     BUC   012206  0729   UN   27 44.96 N  125 12.93 E  GPS    112    112                                 1,42                         17.1C
 49MR0505_3  P03   388       1     ROS   012206  0732   BO   27 44.96 N  125 12.92 E  GPS    112    112     11     95    98       5     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   388       1     ROS   012206  0743   EN   27 44.94 N  125 12.89 E  GPS    111    111
 49MR0505_3  P03   389       1     ROS   012206  0949   BE   28  0.18 N  124 59.36 E  GPS    102    103
 49MR0505_3  P03   389       1     BUC   012206  0949   UN   28  0.18 N  124 59.36 E  GPS    102    103                                 1,31,33,42                   16.9C
 49MR0505_3  P03   389       1     ROS   012206  0955   BO   28  0.11 N  124 59.32 E  GPS    104    104     11    87     92       6     1-8,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   389       1     UNK   012206  1004   UN   28  0.06 N  124 59.27 E  GPS    103    103                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   389       1     ROS   012206  1006   EN   28  0.06 N  124 59.27 E  GPS    104    104
 49MR0505_3  P03   390       1     ROS   012306  0429   BE   28 51.44 N  129 49.87 E  GPS    215    215
 49MR0505_3  P03   390       1     BUC   012306  0431   UN   28 51.44 N  129 49.85 E  GPS    215    215                                 1,31,33,42                   20.6C
 49MR0505_3  P03   390       1     UNK   012306  0432   UN   28 51.44 N  129 49.84 E  GPS    213    213                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   390       1     ROS   012306  0435   BO   28 51.41 N  129 49.83 E  GPS    215    215     10   200   201        7     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   390       1     ROS   012306  0450   EN   28 51.30 N  129 49.79 E  GPS    207    207
 49MR0505_3  P03   392       1     ROS   012306  0606   BE   29  0.43 N  129 54.47 E  GPS    654    654
 49MR0505_3  P03   392       1     BUC   012306  0613   UN   29  0.32 N  129 54.49 E  GPS    660    660                                 1,42                         20.7C
 49MR0505_3  P03   392       1     ROS   012306  0623   BO   29  0.26 N  129 54.49 E  GPS    664    664      9   676   659       13     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   392       1     ROS   012306  0656   EN   29  0.01 N  129 54.64 E  GPS    671    671
 49MR0505_3  P03   394       1     ROS   012306  0830   BE   29  6.77 N  129 57.62 E  GPS   1198   1198
 49MR0505_3  P03   394       1     BUC   012306  0838   UN   29  6.65 N  129 57.70 E  GPS   1167   1168                                 1,33,42                      21.0C
 49MR0505_3  P03   394       1     UNK   012306  0849   UN   29  6.49 N  129 57.86 E  GPS   1148   1148                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   394       1     ROS   012306  0857   BO   29  6.45 N  129 57.93 E  GPS   1134   1135     10  1143  1143       17     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   394       1     ROS   012306  0946   EN   29  5.76 N  129 58.50 E  GPS   1026   1027
 49MR0505_3  P03   396       1     ROS   012306  1148   BE   29 17.98 N  130  2.78 E  GPS   1186   1186
 49MR0505_3  P03   396       1     BUC   012306  1156   UN   29 17.88 N  130  2.77 E  GPS   1188   1187                                 1,31,33,42                   20.8C
 49MR0505_3  P03   396       1     UNK   012306  1207   UN   29 17.71 N  130  2.77 E  GPS   1199   1198                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   396       1     ROS   012306  1211   BO   29 17.67 N  130  2.77 E  GPS   1204   1199      9  1182  1182       20     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   396       1     ROS   012306  1305   EN   29 17.04 N  130  2.69 E  GPS   1214   1214
 49MR0505_3  P03   398       1     ROS   012306  1506   BE   29 24.97 N  130  7.35 E  GPS    424    424
 49MR0505_3  P03   398       1     BUC   012306  1511   UN   29 25.00 N  130  7.38 E  GPS    425    425                                 1,42                         20.8C
 49MR0505_3  P03   398       1     ROS   012306  1519   BO   29 24.97 N  130  7.43 E  GPS    425    425     10   413   415       10     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   398       1     ROS   012306  1541   EN   29 24.93 N  130  7.60 E  GPS    419    418
 49MR0505_3  P03   400       1     ROS   012306  1718   BE   29 35.23 N  130 11.22 E  GPS    484    484
 49MR0505_3  P03   400       1     BUC   012306  1721   UN   29 35.21 N  130 11.30 E  GPS    482    482                                 1,33,42                      20.9C
 49MR0505_3  P03   400       1     ROS   012306  1730   BO   29 35.19 N  130 11.47 E  GPS    484    484     13   468   472       11     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   400       1     UNK   012306  1732   UN   29 35.17 N  130 11.49 E  GPS    485    484                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   400       1     ROS   012306  1758   EN   29 34.98 N  130 11.89 E  GPS    486    487
 49MR0505_3  P03   402       1     ROS   012306  1930   BE   29 44.63 N  130 16.52 E  GPS    307    307
 49MR0505_3  P03   402       1     BUC   012306  1934   UN   29 44.59 N  130 16.52 E  GPS    304    304                                 1,31,33,42                   20.4C
 49MR0505_3  P03   402       1     ROS   012306  1938   BO   29 44.55 N  130 16.52 E  GPS    304    304     10   291   296        9     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   402       1     UNK   012306  1946   UN   29 44.48 N  130 16.53 E  GPS    307    307                                                              AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   402       1     ROS   012306  2000   EN   29 44.35 N  130 16.57 E  GPS    310    310
 49MR0505_3  P03   404       1     ROS   012306  2129   BE   29 56.77 N  130 22.55 E  GPS    417    417
 49MR0505_3  P03   404       1     BUC   012306  2130   UN   29 56.76 N  130 22.55 E  GPS    418    418                                 1,42                         20.3C
 49MR0505_3  P03   404       1     ROS   012306  2140   BO   29 56.63 N  130 22.59 E  GPS    417    416      9   406   405       10     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   404       1     ROS   012306  2205   EN   29 56.23 N  130 22.71 E  GPS    401    401
 49MR0505_3  P03   406       1     ROS   012306  2335   BE   30  1.86 N  130 24.71 E  GPS    408    410
 49MR0505_3  P03   406       1     BUC   012306  2337   UN   30  1.84 N  130 24.72 E  GPS    416    417                                 1,33,42                      20.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   406       1     ROS   012306  2345   BO   30  1.72 N  130 24.78 E  GPS    415    415     11   406   407       10     1-8,23,24,26,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   406       1     UNK   012306  2349   UN   30  1.67 N  130 24.80 E  GPS    423    423                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   406       1     ROS   012406  0009   EN   30  1.33 N  130 24.91 E  GPS    421    421
 49MR0505_3  P03   408       1     ROS   012406  0140   BE   30  6.89 N  130 28.16 E  GPS    239    239
 49MR0505_3  P03   408       1     BUC   012406  0142   UN   30  6.85 N  130 28.18 E  GPS    238    238                                 1,31,33,42                   20.0C
 49MR0505_3  P03   408       1     ROS   012406  0147   BO   30  6.79 N  130 28.23 E  GPS    241    241     10   226   229       10     1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   408       1     UNK   012406  0154   UN   30  6.72 N  130 28.25 E  GPS    242    242                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   408       1     ROS   012406  0203   EN   30  6.63 N  130 28.27 E  GPS    246    246
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS7       1     ROS   012506  1859   BE   34 25.46 N  130 43.74 E  GPS    100    100
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS7       1     UNK   012506  1900   UN   34 25.45 N  130 43.74 E  GPS    101    101                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS7       1     BUC   012506  1902   UN   34 25.43 N  130 43.71 E  GPS    100    100                                 1,31,33,42                   14.3C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS7       1     ROS   012506  1905   BO   34 25.39 N  130 43.68 E  GPS    102    101     10    84    86        6     1-8,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS7       1     ROS   012506  1915   EN   34 25.22 N  130 43.61 E  GPS     96     95
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS6       1     ROS   012506  2029   BE   34 30.23 N  130 38.85 E  GPS    121    121
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS6       1     BUC   012506  2030   UN   34 30.23 N  130 38.84 E  GPS    121    121                                 1,42                         14.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS6       1     ROS   012506  2035   BO   34 30.17 N  130 38.83 E  GPS    119    119     10   105   108        5     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS6       1     ROS   012506  2045   EN   34 30.07 N  130 38.72 E  GPS    121    120
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS5       1     BUC   012506  2216   UN   34 39.84 N  130 26.12 E  GPS    134    134                                 1,33,42                      14.6C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS5       1     ROS   012506  2216   BE   34 39.84 N  130 26.11 E  GPS    133    134
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS5       1     UNK   012506  2218   UN   34 39.83 N  130 26.08 E  GPS    133    133                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS5       1     ROS   012506  2222   BO   34 39.81 N  130 26.02 E  GPS    133    133     11   117   119        5     1-8,27,42
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS5       1     ROS   012506  2234   EN   34 39.77 N  130 25.96 E  GPS    133    133
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS4       1     ROS   012606  0000   BE   34 50.05 N  130 11.83 E  GPS    126    126
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS4       1     BUC   012606  0003   UN   34 50.04 N  130 11.82 E  GPS    126    126                                 1,31,33,42                   14.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS4       1     UNK   012606  0004   UN   34 50.04 N  130 11.82 E  GPS    126    126                                                              AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS4       1     ROS   012606  0006   BO   34 50.04 N  130 11.82 E  GPS    126    126     10   111   113        6     1-8,27,31,33,42,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS4       1     ROS   012606  0017   EN   34 50.01 N  130 11.80 E  GPS    126    126
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS3       1     ROS   012606  0144   BE   35  0.55 N  129 58.65 E  GPS    134    134
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS3       1     BUC   012606  0146   UN   35  0.55 N  129 58.67 E  GPS    135    135                                 1,33                         14.0C 
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS3       1     UNK   012606  0148   UN   35  0.55 N  129 58.67 E  GPS    133    133                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS3       1     ROS   012606  0149   BO   35  0.55 N  129 58.68 E  GPS    135    135     10   121   124              5 1-8,27
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS3       1     ROS   012606  0201   EN   35  0.54 N  129 58.74 E  GPS    134    134
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS2       1     ROS   012606  0335   BE   35 11.74 N  129 44.03 E  GPS    141    141
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS2       1     BUC   012606  0337   UN   35 11.72 N  129 44.01 E  GPS    142    142                                 1                            13.8C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS2       1     ROS   012606  0341   BO   35 11.68 N  129 43.97 E  GPS    142    142     10   129   130              6 1-8,27
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS2       1     ROS   012606  0351   EN   35 11.61 N  129 43.89 E  GPS    143    143
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS1       1     ROS   012606  0457   BE   35 16.21 N  129 39.00 E  GPS    146    146
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS1       1     BUC   012606  0500   UN   35 16.21 N  129 39.00 E  GPS    148    148                                 1,31,33                      14.2C
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS1       1     UNK   012606  0501   UN   35 16.22 N  129 39.00 E  GPS    146    146                                                              AIR N2O SMPL
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS1       1     ROS   012606  0504   BO   35 16.22 N  129 39.03 E  GPS    144    144     10   132   135        7     1-8,27,31,33,81
 49MR0505_3  P03   TS1       1     ROS   012606  0516   EN   35 16.29 N  129 39.06 E  GPS    147    147
 49MR0505_3        568       1     XCT   012706  0955   DE   37 18.81 N  133 47.52 E  GPS   1670   1672
 49MR0505_3        569       1     UNK   012806  0825   BE   39 13.68 N  138 29.13 E  GPS    988    988                                                              FIGURE-OF-EIGHT SAILING FOR MAGNETOMETER
 49MR0505_3        569       1     UNK   012806  0850   EN   39 14.42 N  138 29.28 E  GPS    990    990
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Parameter
1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=∆^(14)C, 13=δ^(13)C, 22=137CS, 23= Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 
42= Abundance of bacteria, 64= Incubation, 81= Particulate organic matter, 82=^(15)NO3





FIGURE CAPTIONS

Figure 1:  Station locations for WHP P03 cruise with bottom topography based on 
           Smith and Sandwell (1997).

Figure 2:  Bathymetry measured by Multi Narrow Beam Echo Sounding system.  Cross 
           mark indicates CTD location.

Figure 3:  Surface wind measured at 25 m above sea level.  Wind data is averaged 
           over 1-hour and plotted every 0.5 degree in latitude.

Figure 4:  Sea surface temperature (SST).  Temperature data is averaged over 1-
           hour.

Figure 5:  Sea surface salinity (SSS).  Salinity data is averaged over l-hour.

Figure 6:  Difference in the partial pressure of CO2 between the ocean and the 
           atmosphere, ∆pCO2.

Figure 7:  Surface current at 100 m depth measured by shipboard acoustic Doppler 
           current profiler (ADCP).

Figure 8:  Potential temperature (°C) cross section calculated by using CTD 
           temperature and salinity data calibrated by bottle salinity 
           measurements.  Vertical exaggeration of the 0-6, 500 m section is 
           1,000:1.  Expanded section of the upper 1,000 m is made with a 
           vertical exaggeration of 2,500:1.

Figure 9:  CTD salinity (psu) cross section calibrated by bottle salinity 
           measurements.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 10: Same as Figure 9 but with SSW batch correction.

Figure 11: Density (σ0) (kg/m3) cross section calculated using CTD temperature 
           and calibrated salinity data with SSW batch correction.  Vertical 
           exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 12: Same as Figure 11 but for σ4 (kg/m3).

Figure 13: Neutral density (γ n) (kg/m3) cross section calculated using CTD 
           temperature and calibrated salinity data with SSW batch correction.  
           Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 14: Cross section of bottle sampled dissolved oxygen (µmol/kg).  Data 
           with quality flags of 2 were plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same 
           as Figure 8.

Figure 15: Silicate (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 16: Nitrate (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration of the upper 1,000 m section is same 
           as Figure 8.

Figure 17: Nitrite (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 18: Phosphate (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 19: Dissolved inorganic carbon (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with 
           quality flags of 2 were plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as 
           Figure 8.

Figure 20: Total alkalinity (µmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 
           2 were plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 21: pH cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. 
           Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 22: CFC-ll (pmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 23: CFC-12 (pmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 24: CFC-1l3 (pmol/kg) cross section.  Data with quality flags of 2 were 
           plotted.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 25: Cross section of current velocity (cm/s) normal to the cruise track 
           measured by LADep (northward is positive).

Figure 26: Difference in potential temperature (°C) between results from WOCE 
           (from Oct.  to Nov., 1993) and the revisit cruise (from May to Jul., 
           2005).  Red and blue areas show the areas where potential temperature 
           increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively.  On 
           white areas differences in temperature do not exceed the detection 
           limit of 0.002°C.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 27: Difference in salinity (psu) between results from WOCE and the 
           revisit cruise.  Red and blue areas show the areas where salinity 
           increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively.  CTD 
           salinity data with SSW batch correction are used.  On white areas 
           differences in salinity do not exceed the detection limit of 0.002 
           psu.  Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8.

Figure 28: Difference in dissolved oxygen (µmol/kg) between results from WOCE 
           and the revisit cruise.  Red and blue areas show the areas where 
           salinity increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively.  
           CTD oxygen data are used.  On white areas differences in salinity do 
           not exceed the detection limit of 2 µmol/kg.  Vertical exaggeration 
           is same as Figure 8.



NOTE

1.  As for the traceability of SSW to Mantyla's value, the offset for the 
    batches P96 (WOCE P03), and P145 (Revisit) is +0.0013 and -0.0021, 
    respectively (The newest values, Kawano et aI., in preparation).



REFERENCES

Jackett, D. R. and R. J. McDougall (1997): A neutral density variable for the 
    world's oceans, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27, 237-263.

Smith, W H. F. and D. T. Sandwell (1997): Global seafloor topography from 
    satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277,1956-1962.






CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Date      Contact     Data Type      Action
--------  ----------  -------------  ----------------------------------------
01/16/08  Kappa       CTD/BTL/SUM    woce & exchange format
          I downloaded all the ctd, btl & sum files in woce and exchange 
          format from the CDIAC site and burned them to a CD, which I just 
          put on your desk. LADCP data, which I didn't download, are also 
          available
