A.	Cruise Narrative: P05H

A.1.	Highlights

WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation                  P05H
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)         3175TEW87_4
Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation  D. W. Behringer/NOAA/AOML
CTD Personnel                             Doug Wilson, Mark Bushnell, Doug 
                                          Anderson
Dates                                     1987.06.23 - 1987.07.28
Ship                                      R/V Researcher
Ports of call                             Tahiti-Panama 
Number of stations                        161
                                                       4° 38.9' S
Geographic boundaries of the stations     150° 0.3' W             77° 15.3' W
                                                       15° 22' S
Floats and drifters deployed              none
Moorings deployed or recovered            none
Contributing authors                      L. Mangum, J. Lynch, K. McTaggart, L. 
                                          Stratton, S. Hayes



                                 Extracted from:

                          NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-33
                   CTD/02 Data Measurements Collected on TEW
                        (Transport of Equatorial Waters)
                               June-August 1987

L. Mangum, J. Lynch, K. McTaggart, L. Stratton, and S. Hayes

ABSTRACT. Summaries of Neil Brown Instrument System (NBIS) CTD/02 measurements 
recorded on the TEW (Transports of Equatorial Waters) cruises during 1987, a 
description of the acquisition and processing systems, and a discussion of 
calibration techniques are presented. The major portion of these data was 
collected from 150°W to 150°E in the latitude range of 12°S-15°S. Additional 
casts collected across the Samoan Passage, in the Coral Sea Basin, across the 
Solomon Sea, and in the Pacific Basin along longitude 165°E between 5°S and 8°N 
are also presented. Station locations, meteorological conditions, and profiles 
of potential temperature, salinity, __ and oxygen are shown for each cast. In 
addition, potential temperature-salinity diagrams for each cast and section 
plots of oceanographic variables are given.

1. INTRODUCTION

The circulation of the equatorial Pacific has been principally determined by 
meridional sections across the zonal currents which dominate this region. Study 
of meridional flows into and out of the tropics has largely been limited to 
measurements of the boundary currents on the eastern and western sides of the 
basin and to inferences based upon property distributions from non-synoptic 
multi-cruise, multi-year measurements (e.g., Tsuchiya, 1968, 1981; Reid, 1986). 
In recent studies, emphasis on the boundary current regions has continued with 
the South East Tropical Pacific (SETP) component of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean 
Climate Study (EPOCS), the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study 
(WEPOCS), and the US-PRC TOGA study.

The vast mid-Pacific basin, covering more than a quarter of the earth's 
circumference has continued to be sampled with non-synoptic meridional sections 
at several longitudes and relatively short equatorial zonal sections. Recent 
estimates of the tropical Pacific heat budget and its variability have led to 
renewed interest in this mid-basin regime. On average the surface waters of the 
tropical Pacific collect heat from the sun and this heat is transported 
poleward. The magnitude and mechanisms of this mean heat flux out of the tropics 
is still poorly understood (Talley, 1984). In addition, several studies (Bryan, 
1982; Pares-Sierra, 1985; Philander et al., 1986) emphasize the seasonal and 
interannual fluctuations in heat transport. Understanding the poleward heat 
transport and its variability is also crucial to the ENSO problem. In view of 
the ongoing studies of equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation, the planned studies 
of global ocean circulation (WOCE), and the importance of meridional heat and 
freshwater transports by the Pacific, there was clearly a need for modern, high 
quality trans-Pacific hydrographic sections in the tropics. Such a section, 
chosen along approximately 15°S in order to pass near the center of the 
subtropical gyre of the South Pacific surface circulation, was the principal 
operation of the TEW expedition. The eastern section between Peru and 150°W was 
covered by the NOAA Ship Researcher in June-July, 1987 and the data were 
collected by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological laboratory (AOML) and 
are presented here.  The western section from 150°W to Australia and 
additionally across the Samoan Passage, in the Coral Sea, across the Solomon 
Sea, and in the Pacific Basin along longitude 165°E was covered by the NOAA Ship 
Oceanographer.

Two CTD casts were done at each station; every degree from 150W to the coast of 
Peru (about 79W). One cast was to the bottom and the other some selected 
shallower depth. A total of 161 casts were completed. The first cast was a test 
cast. Lack of resources limited the number of salinity samples to 6 per cast. 
For good calibration coverage, all the salinity samples during the deep cast 
were taken at deep depths. 12 oxygen samples were taken per cast.
  
The conductivity calibration was broken down into three groups:

                   a*ctdcon + b = corrected ctd conductivity

             1-33   CTD 2/2156  tem lag tau=10 scans  con lag =.87

                           a= .9996983     b=.03778839

             34-129 CTD 2/2156  tem lag tau=10 scans  con lag =.87

                           a= 1.000317     b=.034629822

             130-161 CTD 1/2769  tem lag tau=6 scans  con lag =.87

Post cruise conductivity calibrations were used and no additional calibration 
was necessary.

                           Pressure=Pressure - 5 db.


The bottle salinities were converted to conductivites with SAL78 using a 
standard seawater conductivity of 42.914 mmho/cm. Standard seawater batch no. 
103 was used with the AutoSal. The mean offset of this batch is 0. (Mantyla, 
correspondence), therefore no correction to bottle salinities was needed. CTD 
conductivity was linearly fitted to bottle conductivity. Approximately 25 
percent of the data were thrown out before a fit that resulted in approximately 
a .002 std was achieved. There were a couple of special problems. Cast 5 has a 
gap in the data between 600 and 1000m. Cast 34 required an additional offset, 
most likely because it was the transition cast during the jump in the offset, 
but it still contains a questionable feature at 400m that does not exist in the 
other cast at that station. Due to operator error, casts 91 and 125 do not begin 
at the surface. Dissolved oxygen was determined with two methods, Winkler and 
the new automated Carpenter box. I have not completed the CTD downcast oxygen 
calibration.



NOTES

(J. Lynch)

The casts that are now in dh:[data.tw487.ctd] contain final salinity 
calibrations. The oxygen calibrations have not yet computed. Carol will send a 
complete new set of data with the new oxygen cals when they are completed. These 
new casts will also have and expanded header (meteorological information), so I 
expect it will be easiest to reload everything from start to finish at that 
point. EPCTD or AOML_EPCTD (d2:[lynch.tew.aoml]) should be modified for the new 
format.  The bottle files here do not contain calibrated CTD values. They also 
contain old style (no met info) headers.


CTD DATA
January 2, 1991 
(K. MCTAGGART)

As far as I know, TW487 data was originally worked on by Jean Lynch in July of 
1988. Her documentation is called TEW87.DOC and says that the CTD data received 
from Carol at AOML has their final conductivity/salinity calibrations applied 
but the oxygen data (OXC and OXT) were not calibrated because of complications 
at AOML and there was no meteorological data in the headers. A note from Carol 
mentions a .003 psu discrepancy between AOML's TW4 cast at 12S 150W and PMEL's 
TW2 cast at the same station. Jean put this preliminary data set into EPIC 
format living on disk hayes. We were waiting for an entirely new completed data 
package from Carol (who I don't think works there anymore) that never came. 

Stan requested AOML's most recent CTD data files for TW487 from Dr. Behringer 
and these were received in September 1990. (We also sent Dr. Behringer our most 
recent TW287 CTD data files.) A modified version of Jean's AOML_EPCTD read the 2 
meter averaged data files (which included meteorological header information and 
dissolved oxygen data) and put them in EPIC format. These replaced the first CTD 
files on disk hayes. (The working files used to convert AOML's latest data are 
archived on volume 1 of tape PO1006 saveset OCT3190.PO1006;4.) Deep theta-
salinity plots showed the .003 psu discrepancy to still exist. We checked to see 
if AOML applied a conductivity cell factor, and they had.

In November 1990, I requested and received a tape of TW487 casts 1-18 raw CTD 
logger files and AOML's bottle data file containing uncalibrated CTD values from 
Mark Bushnell. Programs used on the raw CTD data included a modified version of 
DPDN_DISK, a modified version of DLAGAV with a minimum fall rate of 0.8 and 
pressure interval of 1.5 db, and EPCTD. A .CAL file for the first 18 casts was 
generated from the bottle data file. A modified version of LINCAL and CALMSTR 
were used on the bottle data. The final calibrations applied to the CTD data 
were as follows: 

   P  (upcast assumed linear) 0.0, 1.0
   T  (precruise) -.004607, .9999
   C  (from LINCAL, less casts 8,9,10) .026245797, .9998559
   O2 none

SPIKE was not called in EPCTD for gradient despiking. CTDPLT was used to check 
for spikes using full column TS plots. Cast 12 had 3 bad values removed using 
NOMIT in EPCTD; and cast 5 salinity data between approximately 600 and 1000 db 
were deleted and linearly interpolated with the other dependent variables being 
recalculated using CTDVAR.

Deep theta-salinity plots showed the TW2/TW4 difference in salinity to have 
decreased slightly. The newly calibrated casts 1-18 were not offset from the 
following group of AOML calibrated casts from cast 19 on. So it was decided to 
keep these newly calibrated 1 meter averaged casts replacing the previous casts 
1-18 on disk hayes.

Deep theta-salinity plots of the first group of TW2 CTD casts with bottles 
calibrated by Jean revealed a cast break at about cast 10. The bottles of these 
first several casts of TW287 corresponded better with the TW487 CTD cast data. 
So supported, TW2 casts 1-10 were recalibrated and the resulting data decreased 
the TW2/TW4 difference in salinity even more. However, a discrepancy still 
exists of approximately .001 psu. Enough done.

All the working files used to recalibrate TW4 casts 1-18 and TW2 casts 1-10 are 
on my archive tape #P1062 with a saveset of FEB0191.


February 6, 1991

While making section plots for Stan, I noticed that cast 125 was missing the 
first 34 meters of data. The data was filled to the surface (every 2 db) with 
the same values as 35 db.


March 10, 1992 

Oxygen data was received from Doug Wilson at AOML over Internet in an ASCII file 
containing cast #, bottle #, depth, CTD oxygen, "old" oxygen (done by ship 
personnel using Winkler titration), "new" oxygen (first cruise where oxygens 
were titrated using Carpenter method, automatic photometric endpoint 
determination), OXDUP, temperature, CTD salinity (preliminary, don't use), 
bottle salinity, and SALDUP. Doug comments that neither old or new oxygen values 
look too good to him but the new oxygen values "get the nod". So the new oxygen 
values were added to 


CTD Submitted; Reformatting needed
November 11, 2001
(Diggs)		

Files were (finally) copied from PMEL website after prompting from P. Chapman 
and J Crease. Files are in p05/p05h/original and awaiting massive reformatting.


December 4, 2001
(Crease)

Hi, I could use some resolution on a couple of issues w/ P05H.  Was it 
Oceanographer or Researcher (vessel)?  Who was the PI and what is the official 
EXPOCODE?  We're ready to use 3175TEW_4 as the expocode.  Please advise.  -  sd

> > It was the Researcher so the expocode looks good. I'm checking on PI but
> > maybe Kristy knows. She mentions DR Behringer in one of the documents? - 
> > J. Crease


December 4, 2001 
(McTaggart)

I show a D.W. Behringer of AOML as the Chief Scientist on TEW 4.


Notes on P05 CTD reformatting 
December 12, 2001	
(D. Muus)

1.  Data from /usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/pacific/p05/p05h/original/ 
    tw487_ctd.lst formatted into p05hct.zip (CTD file) and p05hsu.txt (SUMMARY 
    file)

2.  Fourth line of each station header contains "DEPTH xxxx M". No indication if 
    this is corrected or uncorrected.  xxxx was used as UNC DEPTH in SUMMARY 
    file except for the following stations:

                             STA  DEPTH  MAX PRES
                             --------------------
                             001   9999    3358   (13S 150W)
                             156     60     998
                             157     60     166
                             158     60     130
                             159     60     996
                             160     60     996
                             161     60      78

3.  Exchange file, p05h_ct1.zip,  checked using Java Ocean Atlas.


CTD/SUM Data Reformatted/OnLine
(Diggs)
December 14, 2001	

Made tables by re-running and forcing procedure to accept new line. Pre-WOCE 
line P05H (PMEL Transport of Equatorial Waters #4) data retrieved by S. Diggs 
from PMEL. Data pre-processed by Diggs, reformatted by Dave Muus. All maps and 
index files made. SUMfile, CTD zip archive, Exchange CTD archive and DOCfile 
placed on website.

Database needs to be changed to reflect new information. EXPOCODE is now 
3175TEW87_4 and cruise dates are 6/23/87 to 7/28/87 (D. W. Behringer is the PI). 
No bottle data. DOC file is rough and needs reformatting as well.

