WHP Ref. No.: ISS1
Last updated: 12 July 1994

		ANTARES 1: Cruise Report.

A.	 Cruise narrative

A.1.	 Highlights
a. WOCE designation: 		ISS1
b. Expedition designation: 	35MF75/1
				ANTARES 1, Southern Ocean, France-JGOFS
c. Chief scientist: 		Jean-Francois Gaillard
				Laboratoire de Geochimie des Eaux
				Universite Paris 7 and Institut de Physique du
				   Globe de Paris
				2, place Jussieu
				F-75251 Paris Cedex 05
					Present address:
				Dept. of Civil Eng. and Geological Sciences
				University of Notre Dame, 
				Notre Dame, IN 
				46556-0767 USA
				Tel: (219) 631-8602
				Fax: (219) 631-8007
				e-mail: jfg@galois.ce.nd.edu
d. Ship: 			Navire Oceanographique MARION DUFRESNE
e. Ports of call: 		St Denis to St Denis (Reunion Island, France)
				Moored: Port aux Francais, Kerguelen Island
				 (April 6 1993) and Crozet Island (March)
f. Cruise dates: 		March 29 to May 18, 1993
 
A.2.	 Cruise Summary Information

a. Geographic boundaries: The cruise occurred in an area bounded by 39 to 60S 
and 53E to 74E.

b. Stations occupied: During this cruise a total of 22 stations were occupied 
at which 142 casts encompassing 42 CTD/rosette, large-volume sampling, and 
sediment coring were done.
  
d. Moorings deployed or recovered: The objectives of the ANTARES 1 cruise 
encompassed also the mooring of sediment trap arrays. It was first envisioned 
to moore 4 lines but because of the weather conditions encountered, we were 
only able to moore one line in relatively difficult conditions.

A.3.	 List of Principal Investigators
    The principal investigators for the ANTARES 1 cruise are listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1:  Principal Investigators related to the ANTARES 1 Cruise.
Name		Responsibility		Affiliation
P. Arrnaud	Sediment Biology	COM, Marseille, F
A. Dinet	Meiobenthos		Lab. ARAGO, Banuyls, F
M. Bianchi	Enzymatic Activity	Univ. Luminy, Marseille, F
D. Moriarty	Microbiology		CSIRO, Australia
J-C. Relexans	Sediment Microbiology	LOB, Bordeaux, F.
/R. De Wit	
Y. Park		CTD, S, O2		MNHN, Paris, F
A. Saliot	Organic Geochemistry	LPCM, Paris, F
J. Morvan	Sediment Trap		ENSCR, Rennes, F
P. Tréguer	Nutrients		IEEM, Brest, F
A. Van Bennekom Aluminium		NIOZ, Texel, NL
C. Rabouille	Interstitial Waters	CFR, Gif/Yvette, F
J-L. Reyss	Radionuclides		CFR, Gif/Yvette, F
/S. Schmidt
J-L. Turon	Paleoceanography	DOG, Bordeaux, F
/J-J. Pichon
C.Pierre	Isotopes: 18O, 13C	LODYC, Paris, F
/C. Vergnaux-Grazzini
L. Labeyrie	Isotopes & Paleoceanogr.CFR, Gif
/Yvette, F
P.Van Cappellen Biogenic Si Dissolution	Georgia Tech, Atlanta, USA

A.4.	 Scientific Programme and Methods

This was the first cruise of the ANTARES Project headed by 
	Pr. Paul Treguer, 
	URA CNRS 1513
	Institut Europeen d'Etudes Marines
	6, Avenue Le Gorgeu
	Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, 
	F-29287 Brest Cedex, France

   This project is the French contribution to the Southern-JGOFS program. It is 
centered along the WOCE section by 58oS in the Southern Indian Ocean. This 
project addresses the biogeochemical cycles of the upper ocean as well as the 
circulation inventory along this transect in order to determine the fraction of 
the primary production that is preserved in the sedimentary record. This 
project promotes a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of Global Ocean 
Flux. For further information please write to Paul Treguer.
   The present cruise focused primarily on the benthic environment. A total of 
30 scientists were on board the Marion Dufresne for a period of 52 days. The 
biology, the chemistry and the sedimentology of surface sediments were 
investigated. This cruise also encompassed hydrographic stations related to the 
WOCE program.
   During this cruise samples of both water and sediments were collected. The 
sea water physical and chemical properties were probed using a Neil-Brown type 
Mark III B CTDOXY and a General Oceanics rosette equipped with 12 x 12 liters 
GO bottles. Water samples were analyzed during the cruise for salinity, using a 
Guildline Autosal salinometer, for oxygen, CTDOXY cross calibration, and 
nutrients: nitrate+nitrite and silicate. On board, water column dissolved 
aluminium analyses were performed at selected locations. Water samples were 
also collected and preserved for isotopic measurements (13C and 18O). The 
activity of microbial populations present in the water column was also 
investigated in order to assess mineralization rates and turn over rates. 
Large volume sampler (200 liters bottle) were collected for the 
characterization of the organic composition of the particulate matter. Plankton
nets were also utilized to collect planktonic species leaving in the surface 
waters.
    Sediments were collected for biological investigations, geochemical studies 
of inorganic and organic constituents, and microbiological rates 
determinations. Sediments were collected using three (3) different coring 
devices: 1) a multicorer (Barnett et al., 1975); 
         2) Boxcorers: type NIOZ or USNEL; and 
         3) piston corer. 
    The piston cores were devoted to paleoceanographic studies of the 
phytoplanktonic assemblages in relation with the isotopic measurements of 13C 
and 18O in selected communities of foraminifera. 
    The ship departed from le Port de St Denis (Reunion Island) on March 29, 
1993 and made two test stations on its way to the Kerguelen Island. The first 
station consisted in the testing of the oceanographic winch utilized during all 
coring and the second station was consecrated to test the CTD/rosette operation 
and also sampling deep water for conditioning the sediment trap collection 
bottles. The CTD was calibrated at IFREMER, Brest prior to the previous cruise 
of the Marion Dufresne (CIVA-WOCE, Chief Scientist: Dr. A. Poisson, LPCM, Paris, 
F) and after ANTARES 1 (July, 1993).
    The water samples collected with the PVC bottles proved to be relatively 
free of contamination when proper care was taken for handling and cleaning the 
bottles. The determination of the enzymatic activity and dissolved aluminium 
are the most sensitive parameters that allowed to check contaminations.
Numerous analysis were performed on board. Among the most relevant for the WOCE 
community were the determination of the salinity and the oxygen following the 
Winkler method with the end point determined using starch. The determination of 
salinity was carried out in a constant temperature container (+/- 1oC). The 
standard utilized was Batch P120 (April 6, 1992) with K15= 0.99985. The 
nutrient analyses (nitrate+nitrite, and dissolved silicate) were performed on 
board using segmented flow colorimetry (Auto Analyzer II Technicon).

A.5.	 Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved
    During this cruise most of the problems we have encountered were related to 
weather conditions. The original cruise plan requested for ship time during 
January, February, and March. Unfortunately the time period that was given to 
ANTARES 1 was too late in the season since it was centered on the Month of 
April and May. Just after departing from the Reunion Island we encountered 
some bad weather. After mooring at Kerguelen Island for a logistic rotation, 
we run into severe weather and had trouble mooring the sediment trap array in 
the vicinity of the Kerguelen Island on the ANTARFIX/KERFIX site. When we 
steamed southward we encountered after performing some piston coring very high 
seas. The bridge recorded waves as high as 20 meters. We had therefore to 
change the cruise plan since it was not anymore adapted to the weather 
conditions we were likely to encounter.
    Although we had to modify our original plans, this cruise proved to be 
valuable in order to understand the benthic and hydrographic environment in the 
investigated region.


