WHP Cruise Summary Information

WOCE section designation
I05P

Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)
74AB29_1

Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation
John Toole, WHOI

Dates
1987.11.12 - 1987.12.17

Ship
CHARLES DARWIN

Ports of call
Durban, South Africa to Freemantle, Australia

Number of stations
109

Geographic boundaries of the stations
	  34°10.09''S	
30°21.02''E		114°49.06''E
	  29°00.02''S

Floats and drifters deployed
none

Moorings deployed or recovered
none

Contributing Authors
none listed

A Trans-Indian Ocean Hydrographic Section at Latitude 32°S
Data Report of RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29

by:
Margaret F. Cook, John M. Toole, and George P. Knapp
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

Rana A. Fine and Zafer Top
University of Miami
Miami, Florida 33149

Joe C. Jennings, Jr.
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331

WHP Cruise and Data Information

Instructions:	Click on any highlighted item to locate primary reference(s) or use 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables

List of Figures*

Abstract

Introduction

Data Acquisition Systems, Water Sample Analysis, and Instrumentation

Cruise Narrative

Calibration of CTD/02 Profiles

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements

Summary Presentations of the Final Data Set

Acknowledgments

References

Description of Tables

Tables 1--5
Figures* 1--27
Appendix A: Description of CTD #9 Data Adjustment
Appendix B: Station Listing Description
	    Station Listing Data Sheets
Appendix C: Tritium, Helium, and Neon Observations

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: List of Shipboard Personnel
Table 2: CTD Station Summary Information
Table 3: XBT Station Summary Information
Table 4: Parameters of Algorithm Used to Calibrate CTD Oxygen Data
Table 5: Average Along- and Across-Track ADCP Velocity Estimates

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1*:  Trans-Indian Ocean cruise track and CTD station locations.
Fig. 2*:  Block diagrams of the CTD data collection and processing systems
Fig. 3*:  Laboratory calibration data for the CTD temperature sensors.
Fig. 4*:  Laboratory calibration data for the CTD pressure sensors.
Fig. 5*:  Laboratory calibration data for the CTD conductivity sensors.
Fig. 6*:  Differences between calibrated CTD salinity and associated rosette data.
Fig. 7*:  Histograms showing the distribution of the salt and oxygen differences.
Fig. 8*:  Differences between calibrated CTD oxygen and associated rosette data.
Fig. 9a*: Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data.
Fig. 9b*: Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data.
Fig. 9c*: Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data.
Fig. 9d*: Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data.
Fig. 10*: Potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots from the Natal Valley.
Fig. 11*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from the Natal Valley.
Fig. 12*: Potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots from Mozambique Basin.
Fig. 13*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from Mozambique Basin.
Fig. 14*: Potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots from Madagascar Basin
Fig. 15*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from Madagascar Basin.
Fig. 16*: Potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots from Crozet Basin.
Fig. 17*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from Crozet Basin.
Fig. 18*: Potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots from Central Indian Basin.
Fig. 19*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from Central Indian Basin.
Fig. 20*: Potential temperature vs. salinity & oxygen plots:	West Australian Basin.
Fig. 21*: Potential temperature vs. nutrient plots:	West Australian Basin.
Fig. 22*: Temperature vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section.
Fig. 23*: Salinity vs. section. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean
Fig. 24*: Oxygen vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section.
Fig. 25*: Nitrate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section.
Fig. 26*: Phosphate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section.
Fig. 27*: Silicate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section.

ABSTRACT

A trans-Indian Ocean hydrographic section employing CTD/O2 profilers was 
conducted between Africa and Australia during austral spring 1987.  The 
cruise track ranged between 29°S and 34°S; the average latitude of the 
crossing was 32°S.  The purpose of the cruise was to explore various aspects 
of the South Indian Ocean including the characteristics of the core water 
masses of this ocean, the strength of the subtropical gyre, the structure and 
transport of deep western-boundary currents, and the net meridional heat 
flux.  A total of 109 CTD/O2 profiles with associated rosette water sample 
measurements and 347 XBT profiles were collected, supplemented by underway 
upper ocean velocity, bathymetric and sea surface temperature and salinity 
data.  This report details the data collection, calibration, and reduction 
methods, and summarizes the hydrographic observations.

INTRODUCTION

A trans-Indian ocean hydrographic section along approximate latitude 32°S 
using Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, Dissolved Oxygen (CTD/O2) profilers 
was successfully completed during austral spring 1987.  Water samples, 
collected with a rosette sampler attached to the CTD mounting frame, were 
analyzed for salinity, oxygen, dissolved nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons 
(CFC), tritium, and Me content.  The expedition, conducted from the RRS 
Charles Darwin, a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) /RVS (Research 
Vessel Services) vessel based out of Great Britain, departed Durban, South 
Africa on 12 November 1987 and made port at Fremantle, Australia on 17 
December 1987.  The cruise track covered an area between 29 and 34.11°S; 
several substantial ridge systems extend across the track, dividing the ocean 
into distinct basins (Figure 1*).  The purpose of the cruise was to explore 
various aspects of the South Indian Ocean circulation including the 
characteristics of the core water masses of this ocean, the zonal extent of 
the subtropical gyre including the Agulhas Current and its recirculation 
zone, and the structure and transport of deep western-boundary currents.

Cruise #29 of the RRS Charles Darwin was a multi-institution oceanographic 
effort.  A U.S. contingent of thirteen joined by four shipboard technicians 
from NERC/RVS (Table 1) collected a total of 109 CTD/02 profiles (including 
test stations #1, 2, and 11).  A summary of station information is given in 
Table 2.  The NERC/RVS technicians operated the CTD winch and the permanent 
shipboard scientific equipment and computers.  The Woods Hole Oceanographic 
Institution (WHOI) CTD Group staged, prepared and maintained the CTD and 
rosette equipment during the cruise.  The WHOI Hydrography Group coordinated 
sampling and analysis of rosette salinity and oxygen data.  WHOI personnel 
processed, quality controlled, and archived the collected data.  A group from 
Oregon State University (OSU) analyzed water samples for dissolved nutrient 
concentrations (dissolved silica, phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate).  A team 
from the University of Miami determined chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 
concentrations (F11, F12) from selected rosette bottles at sea and also 
collected samples for subsequent processing in the laboratory of 3H and Me. 
Watchstanders deployed 347 expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) along the 
transect at nominal spacing of 15-20 km between CTD station positions (Table 
3).  All hands aided in the deployment and recovery of the instruments.  
Navigation data as well as continuous sea surface temperature, salinity, and 
upper ocean velocity were logged digitally throughout the cruise; bathymetry 
data were logged manually at 20-minute intervals with more frequent sampling 
over abrupt bottom topography.  The data return from the cruise was 
exceptional, and the major cruise objectives were met due to hard work by 
both the scientific and shipboard personnel during the trip.  Listings of the 
CTD observations at standard levels and the water sample observations form 
the bulk of this report, Appendix B.

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS, WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS, AND INSTRUMENTATION

Two EG&G/Neil Brown Instrument Systems (NBIS) Mark IIIB CTD/O2 
(Conductivity/Temperature/Depth/Oxygen) profilers (WHOI instruments: #8, serial 
number 01-2252-01, and #9, serial number 01-2405-01) were employed on the 
cruise.  A detailed description of the instrumentation can be found in the 
report by Brown and Morrison (1978).  A 24-position, 10-liter rosette 
manufactured by Scripps Institution of Oceanography was the primary system for 
water sample collection; a 24-position 1.2-liter General Oceanics Inc. rosette 
system was available as a backup.  The 10-liter bottle size was dictated by CFC 
sampling requirements.  A 12-kHz pinger was mounted on each CTD underwater 
package to facilitate sampling close to the ocean bottom.

The CTD data acquisition system employed the NBIS model 1150 deck unit (Figure 2*) 
which passed digital HEXASCII data to a 1/4" Kennedy cartridge tape drive.  
Data were graphically displayed and listed in real time by an HP-85 computer.  
Audio tape back-up analog recordings were also collected.  Complete back-up 
sets of acquisition hardware were available on the cruise.  Data transcription 
and processing were performed on Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) MicroVAX 
II computer systems (Figure 2*).  Acquisition data were loaded onto the 
MicroVAX system via Kennedy cartridge tape drives and displayed graphically 
using Zeta-8 plotters.  Two independent MicroVAX systems were employed: the 
first devoted to basic processing, the second to data archiving, higher level 
processing and analysis.  Nine-track and DEC TK50 cartridge tapes served as 
media for data archiving.

Two Guildline Aut Sal Model 8400A salinometers were utilized to determine 
water sample salinities.  These were installed in a portable laboratory 
capable of maintaining constant environmental temperature within ± 1°C.  The 
nominal laboratory temperature was 22 C.  A standardization check was 
performed once per day, using Standard Seawater Batch P-97.  No drift of the 
Autosal was observed during the cruise, thus no standardization adjustments 
were made.  It should be noted that, based upon a comparison of Batch P-97 and 
PSS78 DCL Standard, Mantyla (1987) has recommended a correction (which has not 
been made to these data) of + 0.0008 for rosette samples analyzed with this 
batch.  The uncertainty in the rosette salinity data is believed to be ± 0.003 
psu, the manufacturer s stated accuracy of the Aut Sal.

Water sample dissolved oxygen analyses were also performed in the constant 
temperature laboratory using a modified Winkler titration technique.  The 
measurements were conducted on 50 ml aliquots of the samples.  A Metrohm 
Titroprocessor controlling a Metrohm Dosimat was used to titrate to an 
amperometric endpoint as described by Knapp et al. (1989).  Standardization 
checks were performed prior to and following the use of each batch of titrant 
(typically every third day).  No observable drift occurred between 
standardization checks.  These data are reproducible to ± 0.02 ml/l with 
accuracy of better than 2%.

The inorganic nutrient determinations were carried out by Dr.  Louis I. 
Gordon's group from Oregon State University.  Samples were analyzed for 
dissolved, reactive nutrients at sea using an Alpkem Corporation RFA-300 
continuous, segmented flow analyzer (RFA).  Nutrients analyzed included 
orthophosphate, silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite.  The phosphate 
method was basically that of Atlas et al. (1971), modified for the RFA.  The 
remaining methods were those furnished by the Alpkem Corporation for use with 
the RFA (Alpkem, 1986; Patton, 1983).  We have established that all other 
methods are linear to a few tenths of 1% and give results comparable to, or 
better than, the AutoAnalyzer-II-based methods we employed in the past (Atlas 
et al., 1971).

The dissolved nutrients were measured at all station locations; in most 
cases, these analyses were performed immediately after each CTD cast and were 
completed within two to three hours after the cast.  The short term precision 
(1 standard deviation), estimated from replicate analysis of the same sample 
and on occasions where two rosette bottles were tripped at the same depth, 
was approximately 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of regional deep water values for 
silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and phosphate, respectively.  Nitrite 
precision is typically 0.02 micromolar.  Due to problems with the autosampler 
(mentioned below), long term precision and accuracy were estimated at 1-2% 
for silicic acid and nitrate plus nitrite, 3-5% for phosphate, and 0.04 
micromolar for nitrite.  Data which seemed clearly in error were rejected 
during the post cruise quality control review of the data.

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) samples (F11 and F12) were drawn from rosette 
bottles at about 70% of the stations.  An analytical system similar to that 
of Bullister and Weiss (1988) was used.  CFC concentrations are reported 
relative to the S1086 calibration scale (Weiss, personal communication).  A 
combination bottle and handling blank was used to correct for contamination 
from the Niskin bottles, and from the collection and storage of samples.  
This blank was estimated by rotating Niskin bottles, double tripping them and 
measuring what was believed to be CFC-free water.  For F11 the blanks varied 
throughout the cruise, generally decreasing with time.  They ranged from 0.04 
pmol/kg to zero.  For F12 the blanks were zero; however, contamination 
problems preclude the use of some of the F12 data.  We estimate our precision 
based on analysis of 166 duplicate samples from the same syringe.  The 
standard deviation of the series of replicates for F11 was as follows: for 
concentrations in the range zero to 0.10 pmol/kg precision ± 0.004 pmol/kg, 
in the range 0.1-0.5 pmol/kg precision ± 0.007 pmol/kg, in the range 0.5-1.0 
pmol/kg precision 0.012 pmol/kg, and greater than 1.0 pmol/kg precision 0.092 
pmol/kg.  The standard deviation of the series of replicates for F12 was as 
follows: for concentrations in the range zero to 0.10 pmol/kg precision ± 
0.009 pmol/kg, in the range 0.1-0.5 pmol/kg precision ± 0.011 pmol/kg, in the 
range 0.5-1.0 pmol/kg precision ± 0.035 pmol/kg, and greater than 1.0 pmol/kg 
precision ± 0.04 pmol/kg.  Marine airs for F11 were 224 ± 6 ppt.  The water 
sample salinity, oxygen, nutrient, and CFC observations are presented in 
Appendix B of this report.

Samples from stations 12, 15, 26, 33, 35, 39, 44, 50, 55, 62, 65, 69, 80, 88, 
94, 97, 105, and 106 were analyzed for the following quantities: tritium, 
helium isotope ratio, total helium and neon.  Two hundred and forty 
measurements each are available for helium isotope ratio, total helium and 
neon; there are 130 measurements for tritium.

For the noble gas analyses, water samples (approximately 40 g) were collected 
in clamped copper tubes.  These samples were also used for tritium analyses 
in the upper 500 m.  For deep tritium samples, water samples (1 liter) were 
collected in glass bottles.  Tritium measurements were made using the mass-
spectrometric helium-3 regrowth technique with a precision of 0.01 TU.  
Helium isotope ratios, as well as absolute helium and neon concentrations, 
were measured mass-spectrometrically.  Isotope ratios, expressed in the del 
notation (ratio anomaly with respect to the atmosphere), have a precision of 
0.2%; absolute concentrations have a precision of 0.25%.  These data are 
presented in listings appearing in Appendix C.

The ship's equipment inventory included an Acoustic Doppler Velocity 
Profiling (ADCP) system (RD 150-kHz profiler with IBM AT acquisition 
computer) and a digital expendable bathythermograph (XBT) recorder 
(Bathysystems, Inc. with HP-85 computer).  A thermosalinograph monitored 
surface temperature and salinity along track; data were logged to the ship's 
main computer system.  This system also recorded navigation information 
(transit and GPS fixes) from which all CTD station navigation information was 
updated after the cruise.  Wind speed and direction were recorded manually by 
each watch at the start of each station.  All transit fixes were digitally 
logged in addition to GPS fixes every two minutes when available; all transit 
fixes were subsequently interpolated to form a one-minute position record 
using the ship velocity data.

There were relatively few failures of equipment during the cruise.  Upon set-
up in Durban, CTD #9 was found to have a faulty FSK board, which was quickly 
identified and replaced before departure.  At cruise start, there was a 
problem with the Scripps-modified General Oceanics rosette unit which was 
remedied by replacing a faulty pylon unit.  The Kennedy Cartridge tape drives 
employed for acquisition experienced difficulty switching tracks efficiently; 
stations greater than 3000 db typically lost up to 15 db of data in mid-
profile; data were subsequently interpolated across this gap during 
processing.  At the beginning of the cruise, there was a failure of the 
nutrient RFA's autosampler.  This was replaced by an older model autosampler 
which was only partly compatible with the RFA; this resulted in noisy and 
erratic phosphate results, particularly during the first third of the cruise.  
Late in the cruise one MicroVAX II nine-track tape drive failed; the 
remaining functional unit was shared between computer systems for the rest of 
the cruise.  Several of the rosette bottles suffered breakage, a function of 
the difficulty handling such a large package.  Many of the rosette bottles 
leaked; the problem was ultimately traced to old O-rings in the bottles.  
Careful editing has removed all suspect observations from the final data set.

CRUISE NARRATIVE

Staging of the ship was accomplished during a four-day period in Durban, 
South Africa.  Two containers, one a WHOI portable laboratory (a temperature 
controlled, 20-foot long container equipped with salinity and oxygen analysis 
equipment), the other a shipping container used to transport the cruise 
equipment, were secured to the deck.  CTD and CFC laboratories were 
established in the RRS Darwin's large main laboratory; two small adjacent 
laboratories housed the nutrient and shipboard computer operations.

Departure from Durban was several hours late on November 12 due to a delayed 
air shipment containing the bulk of the University of Miami chemistry 
equipment.  At 2100 hrs, the ship transited to a test station site roughly 
100 km off the African coast in 3000 m of water.  On the morning of November 
13, CTD #9, mounted with the small 1.2-liter rosette package, was 
successfully deployed (station 1) to within 10 m of the ocean floor.  Station 
2 (the test station for CTD #8 mounted in the large rosette package) was 
aborted at 900 m depth when the CTD signal was lost.  The remainder of that 
day was spent troubleshooting the problem.  During this time, the scientific 
party was notified that the ship was required to return to Durban to put 
ashore the vessel's electrician because of a home emergency.  The replacement 
electrician was scheduled to arrive Durban on the afternoon of the 15th.  
Complicating matters, the winds had increased to 40 knots with growing seas.  
Since the large rosette package was not yet functional, it was decided to 
work westward from the test station site and occupy the coastal stations of 
the proposed section using CTD #9 in the small, easily handled rosette 
package.  Stations 3 through 10 make up an east-to-west transect back toward 
the African coast.  A successful CTD #8 test station was subsequently 
occupied off the coast of Durban with the repaired large rosette system.  The 
balance of the CTD casts were done with this underwater rosette package.

The second departure from Durban occurred at 1700 hrs on 15 November.  The 
ship steamed back to re-occupy the easternmost station position already 
collected (site of stations 1 and 2) and proceeded to work to the east.  The 
CTD station schedule dictated high-resolution sampling at the western sides 
of basins and across rough topographic relief with an effort to sample any 
extraordinarily deep trenches.  Larger station spacing intervals were planned 
over abyssal plains.  The section began at the western boundary at 31°S where 
the Agulhas Current is located near the abrupt African shelf break.  Stations 
were closely spaced down to the abyssal plain of the Natal Valley, spanning 
the full width of the Agulhas Current.  The section then crossed the 
Mozambique Ridge and Basin, and up over the Madagascar Ridge near Walter's 
Shoal.  High resolution stations were made at the eastern flanks of both 
ridges so as to observe any western intensification of the baroclinic 
gradients.  Next, the cruise track turned slightly south to cross the 
Southwest Indian Ridge at approximate right angles, before sampling zonally 
across the Crozet Basin at latitude 34°S.  In the eastern Crozet Basin the 
section jogged northward at the Southeast Indian Ridge to cross that feature 
at near right angles before sampling across the southern extremity of the 
Central Indian Basin along 29°S.  The section continued along the crest of 
Broken Ridge then concluded by sampling across Naturaliste Plateau and up 
onto the Australian shelf, terminating in 55 m of water midway between Cape 
Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste (Figure 1*).  Upon arrival in Fremantle, gear was 
packed up into shipping vans within two days and surface freighted via 
Singapore (RRS Darwin's subsequent port of call) to the United States.

During the cruise, the combination of the large underwater package and the 
slow winch speed (maximum 60 m/min) led to station times exceeding six hours.  
The first half of the cruise suffered average lowering/raising rates of 37 
m/min.  Fortunately, good weather afforded us with more time for CTD 
stations, and less time devoted to repairs; there were a total of five 
reterminations of the CTD underwater cable during the entire cruise, several 
of which occurred in poor weather during the last week.

Selection of the primary CTD instrument for the cruise was based on the 
consistency with which the CTD sensors matched the analyzed water sample 
salinity data obtained on test stations and the initial casts.  CTD #9 was 
used to collect the first group of stations (3-10) as noted above, while CTD 
#8 was employed on stations 11-15.  Close scrutiny of these early data 
revealed that the potential temperature/salinity profiles for the two CTD/O2 
instruments differed slightly; considering both instruments with pre-cruise 
calibrations applied, CTD #9 better described the hydrographic profile 
outlined by corresponding rosette water sample data.  Thus, at station 16, 
CTD #9 was placed in the large rosette frame and subsequently employed on 
stations 16-94, and 96-109.  CTD #8 was used once more at station 95 in the 
Western Australian Basin to confirm its deep-water sensor calibrations.

Estimated accuracies of the final processed and calibrated data are +0.002°C 
for temperature, ±0.002 for salinity (with respect to the standard sea water 
used) and ±0.02 ml/l for dissolved oxygen concentration.  The following 
sections detail the procedures used to reduce the CTD data to final form.  
All stations were collected to within 10 m of the ocean bottom; the deepest 
station (#91) extends to 5927 db in the Western Australian Basin.  The 
warmest surface waters (T = 23.480°C) were found in the Agulhas Current at 
station 7; the coldest deep-water temperatures were found at station 50 in 
the Crozet Basin (T = 0.517°C, Theta = 0.094°C).

CALIBRATION OF CTD/ O2 PROFILES
Overview:

Laboratory calibrations, performed before and after the cruise, provide the 
sole correction information for the CTD pressure and temperature sensors.  
Final CTD data have been pressure averaged at 2 db intervals with the 
appropriate pressure, temperature and conductivity calibrations.  Note that 
temperature and pressure calibrations are used to scale both the data 
profiles and the CTD component of the rosette water sample data files.  The 
pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTDs #8 and #9 appeared to described 
the at-sea instrumentation more accurately than post-cruise laboratory 
calibrations.  Extended periods of time elapsed (three months prior, four 
months post) between CTD calibrations and data acquisition; it is likely that 
an event during post cruise shipment affected post cruise calibrations for 
CTD #8.  In order to preserve a long-standing history on the stability of 
these sensors, no electronic adjustments were made to the sensor interface 
boards during laboratory calibrations.  Instead, corrections, determined by 
polynomial least-square fits to the laboratory calibration data, were applied 
to the data.  Temperature calibrations consisted of quadratic fits to seven 
temperature points ranging between 0 and 25°C in reference to a platinum 
thermometer standard (Figure 3*).  Pressure calibrations were done using a 
dead-weight tester; data were sampled at 1000 psi intervals with both 
increasing and decreasing pressure between 0 and 10,000 psi.  Data reduction 
employed a cubic calibration algorithm determined from a least-square fit to 
these data (Figure 4*).  Conductivity calibrations were derived using the 
water sample salinity data which is traceable to the IOS Wormley standard sea 
water.  Additional information on CTD calibration methodology and data 
processing procedures can be found in the report by Fofonoff, Hayes, and 
Millard (1974) and Millard (1982).

Pressure:

For both CTD instruments, the pressure bias term applied to each CTD cast was 
set equal to the pre-lowering deck unit pressure reading (du) The following 
downcast (0-6000 db range) pressure calibration algorithm was applied to the 
CTD #8 profiles.

CTD #8:	P = -(du) + (.996485E^-1) P(raw) + (.204213E^-7) P(raw) -2 - (.203510E^-12)P^3 (raw)

where P(raw) is the raw counts of the pressure channel.

The downcast pressure calibration algorithm for CTD #9 derived from 
laboratory measurements is listed below:

CTD #9:	P = -(du) + (.997789E^-1) P(raw) + (.146634E^-7) P^2 (raw) -(.199288E^-12) P^3 (raw)

This calibration equation was adjusted with a cubic term which increases the 
pressure of the CTD trace by 15 db at 6000 db but introduces negligible change 
for for P < 3000 db. This step was taken to correct a problem with the pressure 
gauge which resulted in an uncharacteristically salty (.002) CTD trace in the 
deep water (see Appendix A).  The equation for the laboratory pressure 
calibration plus the adjustment is:

CTD #9:	P = -(du) + (.99934049E^-1) P(raw) + (.2878124E^-8) P^2 (raw) + (.229295E^-13) P^3 (raw)

In similar fashion, cubic calibration curves were constructed from the 
decreasing pressure (upcast) laboratory calibration data.  For CTD #8, a 
weighted combination of the pre-cruise downcast and upcast pressure 
calibrations was applied to the CTD component of the rosette water sample 
data (Millard, 1982).

CTD # 8:
  P(up) = -.661953E^1 + (.993626E^-1) P(raw) + (.358650E^-7) P^2 (raw) -(.370163E^-12) P^3 (raw)

  P(dn) = -.408372E^1 + (.996485E^-1) P(raw) + (.204213E^-7) P^2 (raw) -(.203510E^-12) P^3 (raw)

For CTD #9 observations, the upcast pressure calibration algorithm alone 
(with adjustment described above) was applied to the upcast CTD component of 
the rosette water sample data. This method of scaling helped minimize 
discrepancy in the CTD #9 deep-ocean salinity data.

CTD # 9:
  P(up) = .296106E^1 + (.9946015E^-1) P(raw)+ (.2208452E^-7) P^2 (raw) - (.1510815E^-12) P^3 (raw)

Temperature:

The following pre-cruise temperature calibrations were used for the 
calibration of CTD downcast and water sample rosette data collected with CTD 
#8. A time lag correction of 0.250 seconds between the C and T sensors 
(deduced during the cruise) was also made.

CTD #8:	T = .481378E^-2 + (.499839E^-3) T(raw) + (.183211E^-11) T^2 (raw)

where T(raw) is the raw counts of the temperature channel.

A comparison of CTD #9 pre- and post-cruise temperature calibrations 
indicated that the temperature sensor remained very stable during the cruise 
and shipping time period; therefore, a combination of the two laboratory 
calibrations was used to determine the correction formula.  The following was 
applied to the data along with a time lag correction of 0.150 seconds:

CTD #9:	T = .993360E^-2 + (.499908E^-3) T(raw) + (.120247E^-11) T^2 (raw)

Conductivity:

Linear conductivity calibration algorithms, derived from pre-cruise laboratory 
data (Figure 5*), were used to plot and list CTD data during acquisition. The 
algorithms employed were:

CTD #8:	C = .844399E^-2 + (.100041E^-2)C(raw) [1 + a(T - TO) + b(P - PO)]

CTD #9:	C = -.148379E^-2 + (.100002E^-2) C(raw) [1 + a(T - TO) + b(P - PO)]

where:
C(raw)	  is the raw counts of the conductivity channel;
a (alpha) is the temperature correction coefficient (-.65E-5°C^-l);
b (beta)  is the coefficient of cell contraction with pressure (1.*5E-8 db"'-l);
T	  is scaled temperature;
TO	  is 2.8°C;
P	  is scaled pressure;
PO	  is 3000 db.

CTD #8 pre-cruise scaling factors resulted in a huge offset (.01 psu) between 
the CTD and the rosette water sample salinity data. CTD #9 pre-cruise scaling 
factors described the CTD conductivity cell extraordinarily well, which 
motivated use of this instrument on the bulk of the stations. It was not 
until much later in the cruise that a .002 psu inconsistency between CTD #9 
and water sample salinity was revealed at very deep stations. Non-standard 
manipulations of the pressure and conductivity scaling factors were 
ultimately needed in order to describe the deep ocean accurately (Appendix A).

The final conductivity calibrations applied to the data were determined from 
multiple regression fits of the CTD data with their respective rosette 
salinity water samples. CTD #8 stations were calibrated using standard 
multiple regression fitting methods for conductivity (Millard, 1982).  First, 
a multiple regression fit was done over a homogeneous station group (one in 
which the differences between water sample and nominally scaled CTD 
salinities were roughly constant), fitting for conductivity bias and 
conductivity slope through the entire water column.  The resultant bias was 
next removed from the data, and a second multiple regression fit for 
conductivity slope was done for the same station group in the deep water.  
Stations 2 and 11-15 formed a homogeneous calibration group.  Station 95 
required an independent fit to its corresponding water sample data.  The 
stations which utilized CTD #8 subsequently required a manual adjustment to 
bring the CTD downcast salinity trace 0.002 psu fresher for consistency with 
surrounding casts made with CTD #9 and with the upcast water sample data.

Stations 2, 11-15:
	C = .16271899E^-1 + (.99980617E^-3) C(raw) (1 + a(T - TO) + b(P - PO)]

Station 95:
	C = .11818043E^-1 + (.99985533E^-3) C(raw) [1 + a(T - TO) + b(P - PO)]

CTD #9 conductivity scaling coefficients were derived in essentially the same 
manner as those for CTD #8. As previously mentioned, a deep-water cubic 
pressure adjustment was made to the CTD #9 data. In addition, the cell 
contraction coefficient, beta ("b"), was set to zero in order to describe the 
subtle uncharacteristic properties of the CTD #9 conductivity cell. Three 
calibration groups were identified in the CTD #9 data set; the resulting 
algorithms that were applied are: Stations 1-10:

	C = .12371505E^-1 + (.99949753E^-3) C(raw) [1 + (T - TO)]

Stations 16-80:

Stations 81-109:
	C = .88715050E^-2 + (.99949753E^-3) C(raw) [1 + a(T - TO)]

	C = .61719213E^-2 + (.99968088E^-3) C(raw) [1 + a(T - TO)]

Uncertainty in the final CTD salinity data may be measured by differences 
between CTD and water sample salinity data.  Absolute CTD salinity accuracy 
of course hinges on the accuracy of the water sample data which in turn is 
tied to the Wormley standard water.  Two measures of CTD/water-sample 
consistency were prepared (Figures 6, 7*).  The time series plot of salinity 
differences as a function of station number shows the final data to be 
uniformly calibrated.  The histogram of the salinity differences for the data 
below 2000 decibars is essentially Gaussian with a mean of 0.0003; the 
standard deviation of the population of 645 points is 0.0085 psu.

Oxygen:

Coefficients in the CTD oxygen sensor calibration algorithm were derived from 
in situ water sample oxygen data according to Owens and Millard (1985).  The 
algorithm is:

Oxm= [a(Oc + b(delta Oc/delta))+C] Oxsat (T,S) e^(D [T + E (To-T)] + F P)

OR LOOK AT THIS AND SEE WHICH WAY YOU WANT IT:
	Oxm= (a * (Oc + b * (dOc/dt)) + C] * Oxsat (T,S)e** D*[T+E*(TO-T)I+F*P

where,
Oc	  is the oxygen current measurement;
P & T	  are CTD pressure (dbar) and temperature (°C);
To	  is the oxygen sensor temperature (°C);
S	  is salinity computed on the 1978 practical salinity scale;
a (alpha) is the oxygen current slope adjustment,
b (beta)  is the oxygen sensor lag in seconds; and
C	  is the oxygen current bias adjustment.

Parameters D, E, F appearing in the exponential represent adjustments for the 
permeability of the teflon membrane of the oxygen cell with temperature and 
pressure.  Oxsat (T,S) is the oxygen saturation value as calculated by Weiss 
(1970).

Stations were first subdivided into groups which appeared to have homogeneous 
calibration characteristics.  A multiple regression technique was then used 
to define the coefficients.  Note that the regression is between downcast CTD 
oxygen sensor data and water sample observations obtained on the upcast.  
(This is because erroneous CTD oxygen data are obtained when the underwater 
package is stopped to close a rosette bottle.  As well, the oxygen sensor 
typically exhibits excessive up-down hysteresis.)  Oxygen sensor 
characteristics changed markedly in time on the trans-Indian cruise.  
Regression groups were typically small, and frequently consisted of single 
stations.  We have no explanation for the lack of sensor stability.  Table 4 
details the algorithm coefficients used to generate the final data.

As was the case for the salinity data, a measure of CTD-derived oxygen data 
uncertainty is given by comparison with the water sample data (Figures 7, 8*), 
but the absolute accuracy depends directly on the water sample accuracy.  The 
population of oxygen difference data below 2000 decibars (678 points) has a 
standard deviation of 0.037 ml/l with a mean of 0.008 ml/l.

ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER MEASUREMENTS

Upper ocean velocity profile data from the hull mounted ADCP instrument were 
vector averaged in 10-minute blocks and archived to floppy disk with the 
standard RDI software package.  A default configuration of 8-m ping length and 
8-m bin length was specified, with a ping rate of 1 Hz.  As noted above, ship 
navigation data were recorded on a separate computer.  Post-cruise processing of 
the data initially involved merging these data using time as the common 
denominator.  This entailed correction for a linear drift of 24 seconds/day in 
the ADCP system time data.  The other major correction applied to the data 
involved determination of the ADCP transducer orientation relative to the ship's 
gyro.  Reciprocal runs of 30-45-minute duration were carried out midway through 
the cruise.  A study of the resulting data indicates that a transducer rotation 
angle of 4.9° is appropriate.  Work is continuing to refine this estimate.  
Representative summary plots of the relative ADCP measurements are given in 
Figures 9a-d*.  The top panels in each case denote with bold line the ship 
position corresponding to each subset of the data shown.  The 10-minute average 
east and north relative velocity profiles are displayed in "waterfall" format in 
the middle panels.  The bottom panels present the time series of depth-averaged 
relative velocity (east is the bold curve).  As is apparent from the figures, 
the ADCP velocity profiles are characterized by structures with short vertical 
scales, having small horizontal scale.  Table 5 presents estimates of the ADCP-
derived absolute across-track velocity averaged horizontally between CTD 
stations, and in the vertical between 100 and 200 m.  For comparison, the table 
also shows the differences between the ADCP data and the geostrophic velocity 
relative to 1500 db averaged over the same vertical interval.  There is 
qualitative agreement between ADCP and geostrophic velocities; mean and standard 
deviation of the difference between them are 1.729 E^-2 m/s and 8.035 E^-2 m/s, 
respectively.  Understanding the sources of these differences is an ongoing 
research topic.

SUMMARY PRESENTATIONS OF THE FINAL DATA SET

As noted in the INTRODUCTION, the bathymetry of the South Indian Ocean is 
quite complex.  To a large degree, the water property characteristics on the 
RRS Darwin trans-Indian section reflect the underlying bathymetry; 
significant property differences are seen from basin to basin.  As a means of 
summarizing the observations, potential temperature--property diagrams were 
constructed from selected stations in each of the major basins sampled on the 
cruise (Figures 10-21*).

Six property vs. depth sections (Figures 22-27*) of the trans-Indian Ocean 
section were prepared.  Vertical distortion of the full-depth profiles is 
500:1, while the expanded shallow sections have a vertical distortion of 
1250:1.  The continuous bottom topography shown on these profiles is based on 
depth recordings made approximately every 20 minutes when the ship was 
underway.  Depths have been corrected for variations in the speed of sound in 
seawater (Carter, 1980).  Profiles of potential temperature, salinity, and 
dissolved oxygen are based on the calibrated CTD data.  The black dots on the 
SiO2, PO4 and NO3 profiles represent bottle positions.  All isopleths are 
interpolated linearly between observations, and contoured by hand.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The officers and crew of the RRS Charles Darwin are to be commended for their 
fine work.  The British NERC seagoing technicians worked closely with the 
American scientific staff to insure a safe and successful operation.  Support 
for WHOI involvement in data collection was provided by the National Science 
Foundation grant number OCE 86-14497.

REFERENCES

Alpkem Corporation, 1986. Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen A303-S170. Preliminary 
  RFA/2 Rapid Flow Analyzer Operator's Manual, looseleaf, 11 pp.
Atlas, E. L., S. W. Hager, L. I. Gordon, and P. K. Park. 1971. A practical 
  manual for use of the Technician Autoanalyzer in seawater nutrient analysis: 
  Revised. Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Department of Oceanography, 
  Oregon State University, 49 pp.
Brown, N. L., and G. K. Morrison, 1978. WHOI/Brown Conductivity, Temperature 
  and Depth Microprofiler. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical 
  Report No. WHOI-78-23, 246 pp.
Bryden, H. L., 1973. New polynomials for thermal expansion, adiabatic 
  temperature gradient and potential temperature of seawater. Deep-Sea 
  Research, 20, 401-408.
Bullister, J. L., and R. F. Weiss, 1988. Determination of CCL3F and CCL2F2 in 
  seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, 35, 839-853.
Carter, D. J. T., 1980. Echo-Sounding Correction Tables. Hydrographic 
  Department, U.K., NP-139, 150 pp.
Fofonoff, N. P., 1962. Physical properties of sea water. In: The Sea, Volume 
  I, Editor, M. N. Hill, Interscience Publishers, New York, pp. 3-30, pp. 336-338.
Fofonoff, N. P., 1962. Dynamics of ocean currents. In: The Sea, Volume I, 
  Editor, M. N. Hill, Interscience Publishers, New York, pp. 323-395.
Fofonoff, N. P., 1985. Physical properties of seawater: a new salinity scale 
  and equation of state for seawater. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 
  3332-3342.
Fofonoff, N. P., S. P. Hayes, and R. C. Millard, 1974. WHOI/Brown CTD 
  Microprofiler: Methods of calibration and data handling. Woods Hole 
  Oceanographic Institution Technical Report WHOI-74-89, 64 pp.
Knapp, G. P., M. C. Stalcup, and R. J. Stanley, 1989. Dissolved oxygen 
  measurements in sea water at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. WHOI 
  Technical Report, WHOI-89-23, 14 pp.
Mantyla, A. W., 1987. Standard seawater comparisons updated. Journal of 
  Physical Oceanography, 17, 543-548.
Millard, R. C., Jr., 1982. CTD calibration and data processing techniques at 
  WHOI using the 1978 practical salinity scale. In: Proceedings of the 
  International STD Conference and Workshop, La Jolla, California, 8-11 
  February 1982; Marine Technology Society, 19 pp.
Millard, R. C., W. B. Owens, and N. P. Fofonoff, 1990. On the calculation of 
  the Brunt-Vaaeisaaelaae frequency. Deep-Sea Research, 37, 167-181.
Owens, W. B., and R. C. Millard, Jr., 1985. A new algorithm for CTD oxygen 
  calibration. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15, 621-631.
Patton, C. J., 1983. Design, characterization and applications of a miniature 
  continuous flow analysis system. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, 
  University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 150 pp.
Unesco, 1983. Algorithms for computations of fundamental properties of 
  seawater. Unesco Technical Report 44, 53 pp.
Unesco, 1988. The acquisition, calibration, and analysis of CTD data. Unesco 
  Technical Report 54, 92 pp.
Weiss, R. F., 1970. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water 
  and seawater. Deep-Sea Research, 17, 721-735.
Wilson, W. D., 1960. Speed of sound in seawater as a function of temperature, 
  pressure and salinity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32, 641-644.

DESCRIPTION OF TABLES

Table 1: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 Shipboard Personnel.
Table 2: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 CTD Station Summary Information.
Table 3: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 XBT Station Summary Information.
Table 4: Parameters of the CTD Oxygen Algorithm Used to Calibrate RRS 
	 Darwin Cruise #29 CTD Oxygen Data.

	Oxm= [a(Oc + b(delta Oc/delta))+C] Oxsat(T,S) e^(D [T + E (To-T)] + F P)

where, Oc is the oxygen current measurement; P & T are CTD pressure (dbar) and 
temperature (°C); To is the oxygen sensor temperature (°C); S is salinity 
computed on the 1978 practical salinity scale; a (alpha) is the oxygen current 
slope adjustment, b (beta) is the oxygen sensor lag in seconds; and C is the 
oxygen current bias adjustment.

Table 5: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 Average Along- and Across-Track ADCP 
	 Velocity Estimates. [Velocities are between 96 and 208 db as computed between 
	 consecutive station positions. The last column shows the difference between 
	 the actual (ADCP) and computed (geostrophic) velocities between station 
	 pairs.]

Table 1: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 Shipboard Personnel

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution:
Dr. J. Toole		Co-Principal Investigator
Dr. B. Warren		Co-Principal Investigator
A. Morton		WHOI CTD Group Manager
J. Kinder		WHOI CTD Group Hardware Technician
M. Francis		Software Technician - Data Processor
R. Stanley		Rosette Oxygen Analyst
G. Knapp		Rosette Salt Analyst
J. Zemba		Watchstander

Oregon State University:
J. Jennings		Rosette Nutrient Analyst
J. Johnson		Rosette Nutrient Analyst

University of Miami:
Dr. R. Fine		Co-Principal Investigator
K. Sullivan		Rosette CFC Analyst
L. Pope			Rosette CFC Analyst

NERC/RVS:
G. Miller		Instrumentation Technician
G. Knight		Computer System Manager
R. Griffiths		Mechanical Technician
K. Smith		Mechanical Technician

Officers and Engineers:	Crew:
S. Mayl (Master)	C. Woods
G. Harries		A. Olds
S. Sykes		D. Buffery
G. Procter		M. Metcalfe
J. Baker		K. Peters
D. Anderson		P. Bishop
A. Greenhorn		J. McKeown
W. Groody		A. Philp
			J. Coleman
			I. Gibb
			G. Pook
			P. Hough

Table 2: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 CTD Station Summary Information

Stn	Cast	Day/Mo/Yr	St GMT	End GMT	Latitude	Longitude	P Max	Depth	CTD
1-test	0	13/11/87	0625	0746	-31 35.07	31 10.56	3127	3107	9
2-test	0	13/11/87	1000	1100	-31 34.86	31 09.55	889	3071	8
2-test	1	13/11/87	1350	1420	-31 34.86	31 09.55	911	3071	8
2-test	2	13/11/87	1652	1723	-31 35.13	31 08.09	1505	3071	9
3	0	13/11/87	2035	2140	-31 22.54	30 50.10	2951	2931	9
4	0	14/11/87	0125	0230	-31 15.59	30 39.30	2935	2926	9
5	0	14/11/87	0546	0658	-31 12.09	30 35.84	2655	2675	9
6	0	14/11/87	0929	1025	-31 09.14	30 32.08	2247	2306	9
7	0	14/11/87	1219	1300	-31 06.12	30 27.82	1783	1739	9
8	0	14/11/87	1440	1508	-31 02.91	30 24.17	 893	 905	9
9	0	14/11/87	1637	1649	-31 02.95	30 22.07	 247	 290	9
10	0	14/11/87	1720	1729	-31 02.31	30 21.21	  65	  90	9
11-test	0	15/11/87	0332	0415	-30 18.46	31 19.84	1175	1178	8
12	0	16/11/87	0148	0303	-31 34.73	31 09.67	3107	3091	8
13	0	16/11/87	1138	1249	-31 56.62	31 36.31	3567	3535	8
14	0	16/11/87	1947	2122	-32 11.67	32 30.13	3581	3551	8
15	0	17/11/87	0442	0610	-32 32.75	33 24.74	3501	3491	8
16	0	17/11/87	1214	1310	-32 41.54	34 10.30	2461	2481	9
17	0	17/11/87	1849	1930	-32 53.96	35 00.12	1615	1593	9
18	0	17/11/87	2330	0008	-33 00.14	35 35.04	1469	1474	9
19	0	18/11/87	0340	0421	-32 59.37	36 04.75	2011	2006	9
20	0	18/11/87	0656	0750	-33 00.87	36 20.65	2603	2591	9
21	0	18/11/87	1029	1130	-33 00.69	36 30.87	3315	3304	9
22	0	18/11/87	1416	1551	-33 00.32	36 40.49	4755	4744	9
23	0	18/11/87	2033	2213	-32 59.65	37 04.82	5165	5108	9
24	0	19/11/87	0608	0742	-33 00.39	37 59.97	5127	5062	9
25	0	19/11/87	1802	1935	-32 59.42	39 29.43	5145	5092	9
26	0	20/11/87	0540	0714	-33 00.32	41 00.34	5097	5010	9
27	0	20/11/87	1752	1915	-32 59.71	42 44.81	4417	4352	9
28	0	20/11/87	2304	2350	-32 59.87	43 02.46	2337	2331	9
29	0	21/11/87	0420	0443	-32 59.95	43 40.13	 909	 906	9
30	0	21/11/87	0911	0933	-32 59.64	44 29.41	 959	 964	9
31	0	21/11/87	1815	1853	-33 12.41	46 04.79	2201	2196	9
32	0	21/11/87	2227	2321	-33 18.70	46 30.25	2673	2660	9
33	0	22/11/87	0302	0401	-33 22.78	46 54.98	3187	3147	9
34	0	22/11/87	0832	0940	-33 29.94	47 26.84	3629	3591	9
35	0	22/11/87	1538	1653	-33 33.66	48 14.68	4033	3976	9
36	0	23/11/87	0123	0245	-33 45.01	49 30.39	4397	4323	9
37	0	23/11/87	1135	1257	-33 59.75	50 55.55	4393	4336	9
38	0	23/11/87	2039	2206	-33 59.54	52 10.57	4587	4484	9
39	0	24/11/87	0249	0415	-33 59.91	52 44.66	4555	4444	9
40	0	24/11/87	0904	1032	-34 00.42	53 10.22	4687	4607	9
41	0	24/11/87	1522	1649	-34 00.45	53 36.86	4613	4586	9
42	0	24/11/87	2148	2309	-34 00.73	54 07.11	4455	4393	9
43	0	25/11/87	0919	1052	-33 59.46	55 46.98	4387	4291	9
44	0	25/11/87	1945	2117	-33 58.35	57 02.08	5207	5129	9
45	0	26/11/87	0221	0401	-33 59.68	57 29.09	5433	5299	9
46	0	26/11/87	0953	1124	-33 59.93	58 10.05	5201	5093	9
47	0	26/11/87	1725	1842	-33 59.73	58 53.63	4011	3905	9
48	0	27/11/87	0218	0357	-33 59.61	59 56.99	5207	5150	9
49	0	27/11/87	0940	1124	-33 59.67	60 34.15	5447	5346	9
50	0	27/11/87	2102	2248	-33 59.37	61 59.67	5195	5125	9
51	0	28/11/87	1024	1146	-33 59.53	63 59.93	4755	4649	9
52	0	28/11/87	2340	0100	-33 59.81	66 00.21	4587	4582	9
53	0	29/11/87	1200	1321	-34 00.14	67 59.86	4619	4547	9
54	0	30/11/87	0120	0242	-33 59.95	70 00.33	4397	4302	9
55	0	30/11/87	1435	1606	-34 00.10	71 59.84	5063	4987	9
56	0	01/12/87	0133	0250	-33 19.52	73 20.15	4133	4109	9
57	0	01/12/87	1224	1330	-32 40.09	74 39.66	3789	3678	9
58	0	01/12/87	2354	0055	-31 59.89	76 00.09	3419	3380	9
59	0	02/12/87	0826	0923	-31 30.03	76 59.91	3033	2962	9
60	0	02/12/87	1510	1609	-31 07.67	77 44.36	3073	3003	9
61	0	02/12/87	2212	2313	-30 45.01	78 29.81	3557	3471	9
62	0	03/12/87	0522	0631	-30 22.43	79 15.32	3795	3739	9
63	0	03/12/87	1241	1345	-30 00.44	80 00.14	3565	3476	9
64	0	03/12/87	2125	2242	-29 30.23	80 59.51	4219	4129	9
65	0	04/12/87	0633	0739	-29 00.23	82 00.09	4173	4124	9
66	0	04/12/87	1816	1932	-29 09.41	83 29.55	4447	4368	9
67	0	05/12/87	0500	0613	-29 19.23	84 59.44	3993	3885	9
68	0	05/12/87	1315	1437	-29 27.94	85 58.69	4527	4470	9
69	0	05/12/87	2205	2311	-29 32.16	86 55.20	3587	3562	9
70	0	06/12/87	0540	0609	-29 39.75	87 50.08	1355	1228	9
71	0	06/12/87	1030	1107	-29 49.81	88 34.84	1843	1844	9
72	0	06/12/87	1649	1731	-30 04.66	89 29.86	2283	2282	9
73	0	07/12/87	0011	0046	-30 20.00	90 30.30	1663	1670	9
74	0	07/12/87	0825	0902	-30 40.05	91 49.63	1935	1928	9
75	0	07/12/87	1720	1746	-30 50.29	93 24.64	1237	1248	9
76	0	08/12/87	0101	0131	-31 10.82	94 26.11	1559	1571	9
77	0	08/12/87	0731	0755	-31 33.96	95 27.31	1213	1223	9
78	0	08/12/87	1401	1429	-31 59.70	96 29.67	1293	1305	9
79	0	08/12/87	2136	2210	-32 00.06	97 44.79	1619	1617	9
80	0	09/12/87	0451	0535	-31 59.88	99 00.12	2105	2089	9
81	0	09/12/87	1102	1147	-31 59.61	99 58.56	2423	2407	9
82	0	09/12/87	1822	1906	-31 59.94	100 59.48	2235	2228	9
83	0	10/12/87	0036	0128	-32 14.54	101 49.73	2873	2842	9
84	0	10/12/87	0429	0538	-32 20.11	102 00.03	3785	3740	9
85	0	10/12/87	0953	1105	-32 24.90	102 29.69	4069	4014	9
86	0	10/12/87	1356	1520	-32 29.73	102 39.41	4633	4544	9
87	0	10/12/87	1917	2045	-32 35.90	102 59.45	4855	4779	9
88	0	11/12/87	0109	0248	-32 44.88	103 24.00	5341	5261	9
89	0	11/12/87	0824	1003	-32 54.91	103 59.00	5559	5467	9
90	0	11/12/87	1519	1658	-33 05.54	104 30.27	5535	5508	9
91	0	11/12/87	2207	2353	-33 14.90	105 00.14	6053	5927	9
92	0	12/12/87	0646	0826	-33 26.35	105 44.89	5417	5415	9
93	0	12/12/87	1524	1717	-33 39.61	106 29.47	5607	5514	9
94	0	13/12/87	0013	0204	-33 53.66	107 13.45	5385	5302	9
95	0	13/12/87	0846	0958	-34 09.78	107 59.77	5065	4984	8
96	0	13/12/87	1514	1701	-34 09.85	108 34.38	5545	5452	9
97	0	13/12/87	2226	0014	-34 10.00	109 09.05	5145	5014	9
98	0	14/12/87	0514	0620	-34 09.89	109 42.30	3303	3260	9
99	0	14/12/87	0920	1018	-34 09.92	110 00.08	2589	2572	9
100	0	14/12/87	1647	1736	-34 09.80	110 59.81	2123	2123	9
101	0	15/12/87	0012	0109	-34 09.66	112 09.72	2635	2627	9
102	0	15/12/87	1201	1259	-34 09.26	113 29.39	3041	3023	9
103	0	15/12/87	1613	1709	-34 10.10	113 43.81	2223	2208	9
104	0	15/12/87	1945	2023	-34 10.06	113 59.84	1503	1508	9
105	0	15/12/87	2240	2307	-34 10.93	114 14.53	1069	1078	9
106	0	16/12/87	0049	0111	-34 10.22	114 24.64	 685	 700	9
107	0	16/12/87	0220	0226	-34 09.71	114 30.26	 141	 160	9
108	0	16/12/87	0353	0358	-34 10.27	114 44.85	 111	 130	9
109	0	16/12/87	0438	0440	-34 09.52	114 49.64	  41	  55	9

Table 3: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 XBT Station Summary Information

XBT #	JDAY 	Time 	Latitude 	Longitude 	Surftemp 	Surfsalt 	Comment
	(1987)	(GMT)	  (S)		  (E)		  (C)		(psu)	
7-2A	320	0753	31 46.89	31 07.69	20.9		- - -	
7-3A	320	0855	31 48.76	31 11.58	21.0		- - -	
7-4A	320	0953	31 51.14	31 20.71	21.0		- - -	
7-5A	320	1052	31 53.46	31 29.22	20.9		- - -	
7-6A	320	1546	32 59.00	31 41.80	20.8		- - -	
7-7A	320	1655	32 03.98	31 53.61	20.7		- - -	
7-8A	320	1749	32 07.13	32 05.98	20.7		- - -	
7-9A	320	1846	32 09.50	32 17.70	20.7		- - -	
7-10A	320	2351	32 13.71	32 36.47	20.5		- - -	
7-11A	321	0045	32 17.81	32 46.22	20.3		- - -	
7-12A	321	0146	32 23.32	32 55.55	20.1		- - -		no good
7-13A	321	0215	32 24.45	33 00.00	20.0		- - -		redo
7-14A	321	0316	32 28.42	33 10.30	20.0		- - -		no good
7-15A	321	0336	32 30.18	33 13.54	20.1		- - -		redo
7-16A	321	0909	32 36.43	33 36.19	19.9		- - -	
7-17A	321	1004	32 39.01	33 45.57	19.9		- - -		no good
7-18A	321	1005	32 39.01	33 45.57	19.9		- - -		redo
7-19A	321	1108	32 40.96	33 57.75	20.1		- - -	
7-20A	321	1510	32 43.61	34 17.76	20.2		- - -	
7-21A	321	1530	32 45.18	34 21.30	20.3		- - -	
7-22A	321	1629	32 49.36	34 32.30	20.2		- - -	
7-23A	321	1727	32 52.30	34 43.24	20.1		- - -	
7-24A	321	1815	32 54.57	34 54.04	20.1		- - -	
7-25A	321	2133	32 56.37	35 14.16	20.1		- - -	
7-26A	321	2230	32 58.48	35 25.60	19.3		- - -	
7-27A	322	0204	33 00.00	35 48.48	19.7		- - -		no good
7-28A	322	0216	33 00.00	35 51.00	19.7		- - -		redo
7-29A	322	1132	33 00.87	36 32.91	19.9		- - -	
7-30A	322	1930	32 59.42	36 52.96	19.2		- - -	
7-31A	323	0138	33 00.06	37 12.24	19.0		- - -	
7-32A	323	0244	33 01.18	37 24.12	18.9		- - -	
7-33A	323	0343	33 00.48	37 34.18	19.0		- - -	
7-34A	323	0442	33 00.42	37 45.36	19.0		- - -	
7-35A	323	1122	32 59.83	38 07.79	19.1		35.76	
7-36A	323	1227	33 02.98	38 20.91	19.8		35.62	
7-37A	323	1330	33 02.42	38 33.48	19.3		35.72	
7-38A	323	1429	33 03.00	38 47.48	18.9		35.74	
7-39A	323	1529	33 02.54	39 00.48	18.9		35.62	
7-39B	323	1630	33 01.60	39 12.90	19.1		- - -	
7-40A	323	2330	32 59.56	39 45.02	19.1		35.71	
7-41A	324	0024	33 00.89	39 56.27	19.0		35.71	
7-42A	324	0129	33 00.54	40 10.30	18.8		35.74	
7-43A	324	0140	33 00.48	40 12.54	18.7		35.74	
7-44A	324	0244	33 00.24	40 27.12	18.8		35.74	
7-45A	324	0344	32 59.54	40 40.12	18.8		35.74	
7-46A	324	0445	33 00.06	40 53.12	18.7		35.74	
7-47A	324	1026	33 00.11	41 10.10	19.3		35.70	
7-48A	324	1128	33 00.08	41 22.70	18.9		35.70	
7-48B	324	1128	33 00.08	41 22.70	18.9		35.70	
7-49A	324	1337	33 02.40	41 52.30	20.7		- - -	
7-50A	324	1429	33 02.70	42 03.20	19.6		- - -	
7-51A	324	1606	33 01.54	42 24.06	20.7		- - -	
7-52A	324	1619	33 01.48	42 27.06	20.9		- - -	
7-53A	324	1720	33 00.28	42 39.49	19.9		- - -	
7-54A	324	2200	33 00.16	42 51.67	20.7		35.59	
7-55A	325	0214	32 59.85	43 17.27	19.2		35.65	
7-56A	325	0319	32 59.48	43 30.36	19.2		35.62	
7-57A	325	0614	33 00.38	43 50.29	19.1		35.62	
7-58A	325	0715	32 59.04	44 06.50	19.9		- - -	
7-59A	325	0815	32 59.30	44 20.39	19.7		- - -	
7-60A	325	1131	33 00.73	44 45.69	19.7		35.66	
7-60B	325	On data tape, but not listed in station log with all information
7-61A	325	1306	33 04.73	45 04.00	18.9		35.63	
7-62A	325	1410	33 08.37	45 16.34	18.8		35.62	
7-63A	325	1526	33 11.00	45 30.54	18.7		35.64	
7-64A	325	1546	33 11.28	45 34.48	19.2		35.63	
7-65A	325	1648	33 12.70	45 48.50	18.8		- - -	
7-66A	325	2100	33 14.88	46 14.98	19.3		35.57	
7-66B	325	2100	33 14.88	46 14.98	19.3		35.57	
7-67B	326	0721	33 25.36	47 13.12	19.4		- - -		no good
7-68A	326	0751	33 26.36	47 18.36	19.3		- - -	
7-69A	326	1220	33 30.30	47 36.70	19.2		- - -	
7-70A	326	1258	33 30.54	47 44.18	20.0		- - -	
7-71A	326	1328	33 33.55	47 51.15	20.0		- - -	
7-72A	326	1349	33 33.54	47 54.30	- - -		- - -	
7-73A	326	1448	33 33.60	47 06.20	- - -		- - -	
7-74A	326	1952	33 37.66	48 26.11	- - -		- - -	
7-75A	326	2056	33 38.67	48 37.86	19.3		35.55	
7-76A	326	2202	33 40.33	48 51.08	19.3		35.56	
7-77A	326	2303	33 41.58	49 04.10	19.3		35.57	
7-78A	327	0003	33 43.00	49 16.06	19.6		35.62	
7-79A	327	0558	33 47.50	49 43.16	20.3		- - -	
7-80A	327	0700	33 49.64	50 56.18	20.2		- - -	
7-81A	327	0857	33 56.62	50 22.41	20.6		35.75	
7-82A	327	1002	33 57.04	50 37.36	20.1		35.76	
7-83A	327	1055	33 58.18	50 48.64	20.7		35.77	
7-84A	327	1600	33 59.19	51 09.09	21.5		- - -	
7-85A	327	1700	34 00.48	51 29.91	21.1		- - -	
7-86A	327	1800	34 01.30	51 37.19	20.8		- - -	
7-87A	327	1900	34 01.01	51 50.85	20.0		- - -	
7-88A	328	0058	33 59.12	52 21.54	20.1		35.78	
7-89A	328	0204	34 00.06	52 35.54	20.0		35.76	
7-90A	328	0701	33 59.32	52 51.57	20.2		- - -	
7-91A	328	1340	33 59.44	53 21.54	20.1		35.75	
7-92A	328	2003	34 00.69	53 52.09	19.5		35.74	
7-93A	328	2100	34 01.27	54 03.69	20.0		35.74	
7-94A	329	0223	34 01.30	54 18.54	20.2		35.75	
7-95A	329	0322	34 00.54	54 29.24	19.7		35.74	
7-96A	329	0430	34 00.95	54 46.50	19.5		35.77	
7-97A	329	0530	34 01.00	54 59.00	19.1		35.72	
7-80B	329	0631	34 01.35	55 11.58	18.9		35.73	
7-81B	329	0802	34 01.32	55 31.76	20.0		35.77	
7-98A	329	1517	3359.59		55 59.77	- - -		- - -	
7-99A	329	1615	3359.95		5611.91		19.2		35.73	
7-100A	329	1715	33 59.65	56 26.34	19.1		35.77	
7-101A	329	1815	34 00.62	56 35.49	19.5		35.71	
7-102A	329	1915	34 01.02	56 52.50	18.7		35.70	
7-103A	330	0029	34 00.24	57 07.12	18.7		35.69	
7-104A	330	0128	34 00.24	57 19.18	18.3		35.69	
7-105A	330	0730	34 00.68	57 40.17	19.0		35.72	
7-106A	330	0830	34 00.07	57 53.21	19.0		35.72	
7-107A	330	1439	33 59.42	58 19.54	18.8		35.65		no good
7-109A	330	1506	33 59.10	58 25.20	18.7		- - -		redo
7-115A	331	1015	34 00.00	60 34.00	- - -		- - -		no good
7-118A	331	1653	33 59.60	61 11.00	18.9		35.64	
7-120A	331	1943	34 00.83	61 45.37	19.1		35.62	
7-121A	331	2000	34 00.87	61 48.50	19.2		35.64	
7-122A	332	0158	33 59.54	62 11.00	18.9		35.60	
7-124A	332	0428	34 00.12	62 40.42	19.1		35.65	
7-127A	332	0656	34 01.06	63 14.34	19.3		35.67	
7-128A	332	0754	34 01.09	63 28.02	19.3		35.68	
7-129A	332	0856	34 00.36	63 41.97	19.4		35.65	
7-130A	332	1500	33 58.72	64 13.82	19.5		35.77	
7-131A	332	1600	34 00.29	64 27.39	19.2		35.66	
7-132A	332	1700	34 00.74	64 39.37	19.1		35.68	
7-133A	332	1800	34 02.09	64 52.44	19.2		35.67	
7-134A	332	1922	34 02.39	65 08.87	18.8		35.64	
7-135A	332	2013	34 01.18	65 19.55	18.9		35.62	
7-136A	332	2111	34 00.07	65 30.89	19.3		35.72	
7-137A	332	2200	33 59.96	65 41.03	19.6		35.83	
7-138A	333	0358	34 00.90	66 10.33	19.0		35.75	
7-139A	333	0500	34 00.75	66 22.29	18.9		35.75	
7-140A	333	0600	34 01.01	66 36.47	18.9		35.75	
7-141A	333	0704	34 00.64	66 51.21	19.1		35.75	
7-142A	333	0800	34 00.96	67 05.38	19.3		35.78	
7-143A	333	0858	34 00.61	67 18.82	19.4		35.80	
7-144A	333	0959	34 00.24	67 32.82	19.8		35.84	
7-145A	333	1101	33 59.36	67 47.18	19.8		35.84	
7-146A	333	1631	33 58.64	68 11.92	19.1		35.73	
7-147A	333	1730	33 59.94	68 24.50	19.1		35.73	
7-148A	333	1828	34 00.23	68 36.71	18.3		35.66	
7-149B	333	1925	34 00.27	68 48.91	18.3		35.65		redo
7-150A	333	2028	34 00.00	69 02.41	18.2		35.61	
7-151A	333	2126	33 59.99	69 14.48	18.1		35.59	
7-152A	333	2226	33 59.77	69 25.87	18.1		35.60	
7-153A	333	2322	33 59.24	69 37.42	18.6		35.68	
7-154A	334	0027	34 00.06	69 51.00	19.0		35.78	
7-155A	334	0529	34 00.65	70 11.15	18.9		35.78	
7-156A	334	0630	34 00.06	70 22.55	18.8		35.78	
7-157A	334	0727	34 00.42	70 34.67	18.4		35.73	
7-158A	334	0828	34 00.43	70 46.91	17.9		35.54	
7-159A	334	0923	34 00.42	70 58.29	17.7		35.55	
7-160A	334	1021	34 00.07	71 08.94	17.9		35.58	
7-161A	334	1130	34 00.06	71 22.42	17.7		35.54	
7-163A	334	1243	34 00.50	71 37.20	17.9		34.44	
7-164A	334	1331	34 00.18	71 47.24	17.8		35.48	
7-165A	334	1923	33 55.03	72 11.04	17.9		35.51	
7-166A	334	2022	33 49.53	72 21.30	18.0		35.55	
7-167A	334	2121	33 46.80	72 36.55	18.5		35.85	
7-168A	334	2222	33 40.65	72 47.42	18.5		35.89	
7-169A	334	2330	33 33.20	72 58.10	18.3		35.88	
7-170A	335	0031	33 25.48	73 09.18	18.4		35.86	
7-171A	335	0530	33 15.71	73 28.18	18.6		35.92	
7-172A	335	0630	33 10.29	73 38.14	18.6		35.92	
7-173A	335	0721	33 05.50	73 50.79	18.4		35.70	
7-174A	335	0823	32 59.38	74 02.73	18.8		35.74	
7-175A	335	0921	32 54.10	74 12.72	19.1		35.83	
7-176A	335	1022	32 48.21	74 23.69	19.3		35.96	
7-177A	335	1121	32 45.24	74 31.30	19.2		35.97	
7-178A	335	1630	32 36.08	74 51.11	19.1		35.99	
7-179A	335	1730	32 31.21	75 00.12	19.3		35.98	
7-180A	335	1831	32 26.07	75 09.35	19.3		35.98	
7-181A	335	1922	32 22.03	75 16.53	19.3		35.97	
7-182A	335	2021	32 16.93	75 24.87	19.2		35.95	
7-183A	335	2123	32 11.89	75 37.87	18.9		35.94	
7-184A	335	2223	32 06.92	75 47.38	19.3		35.98	
7-185A	336	0330	31 55.73	76 07.76	18.8		35.95	
7-186A	336	0430	31 51.78	76 20.56	18.9		35.97	
7-187A	336	0530	31 46.43	76 31.79	19.0		35.97	
7-188A	336	0630	31 40.80	76 41.72	19.8		35.96	
7-189A	336	0722	31 35.80	76 51.29	18.7		35.82	
7-190A	336	1147	31 25.48	77 07.18	19.3		35.99	
7-191A	336	1243	31 21.42	77 19.48	19.6		36.04	
7-192A	336	1358	31 14.54	77 31.18	19.0		36.03	
7-193A	336	1455	31 08.29	77 42.30	19.7		35.99	
7-194A	336	1825	31 03.82	77 53.01	20.1		36.00		no record
7-194B	336	1922	30 59.36	78 03.71	20.0		36.00	
7-195A	336	2028	30 53.63	78 14.04	19.4		36.02	
7-196A	336	2122	30 48.36	78 23.27	19.3		36.03	
7-197A	337	0144	30 40.42	78 37.06	19.4		36.01	
7-198A	337	0245	30 35.83	78 48.51	19.1		36.01	
7-199A	337	0345	30 30.41	78 58.89	19.2		36.01	
7-200A	337	0446	30 24.89	79 10.84	18.9		35.82	
7-201A	337	0825	30 21.59	79 16.78	19.7		35.93	
7-202A	337	0926	30 17.15	79 27.45	20.3		35.99	
7-203A	337	1030	30 12.06	79 37.24	20.2		35.99	
7-207A	337	1130	30 06.50	79 49.20	20.1		35.72	
7-208A	337	1231	30 00.24	79 59.18	20.1		35.99	
7-209A	337	1600	29 57.78	80 04.74	20.0		36.00	
7-210A	337	1700	29 52.86	80 16.06	19.9		36.00	
7-211A	337	1759	29 48.38	80 25.06	19.8		36.02	
7-212A	337	1856	29 43.67	80 36.08	19.7		36.02	
7-213A	337	1958	29 38.42	80 45.89	19.6		36.07	
7-214A	337	2059	29 30.84	80 56.30	19.8		36.01	
7-215A	338	0144	29 25.06	81 07.30	19.0		35.94	
7-216A	338	0245	29 20.39	81 19.49	18.9		35.84	
7-217A	338	0347	29 15.34	81 29.71	19.5		35.93	
7-218A	338	0445	29 09.12	81 42.93	19.6		35.97	
7-219A	338	0545	29 03.74	81 54.20	19.8		35.89	
7-220A	338	0930	28 59.10	82 02.13	21.0		35.97	
7-221A	338	1049	29 01.48	82 18.48	21.2		35.89	
7-222A	338	1147	29 05.00	82 29.36	21.0		35.92	
7-223A	338	1245	29 07.00	82 40.42	21.2		35.89	
7-224A	338	1349	29 08.56	82 53.77	21.6		35.81	
7-225A	338	1445	29 09.32	83 05.14	21.8		35.83	
7-226A	338	1545	29 10.25	83 18.76	22.0		35.78	
7-227A	338	2220	29 10.94	83 38.46	21.2		35.85	
7-228A	338	2322	29 13.06	83 51.06	21.2		35.82	
7-229A	339	0022	29 14.42	84 03.30	21.6		35.82	
7-230A	339	0122	29 16.00	84 15.00	21.6		35.79	
7-231A	339	0230	29 17.62	84 30.41	21.4		35.81	
7-232A	339	0330	29 19.18	84 42.66	21.4		35.95	
7-233A	339	0900	29 20.95	85 08.73	22.0		36.01	
7-234A	339	1101	29 26.24	85 33.42	22.4		36.07	
7-235A	339	1217	29 27.48	85 49.12	22.5		35.97	
7-236A	339	1731	29 27.94	86 07.15	21.5		36.03	
7-237A	339	1827	29 28.70	86 17.57	21.4		36.03	
7-238A	339	1928	29 29.60	86 28.83	21.5		36.04	
7-239A	339	2022	29 33.29	86 39.60	21.7		36.03	
7-240A	339	2128	29 33.57	86 50.11	21.5		36.01	
7-241A	340	0205	29 35.34	87 07.03	21.3		36.00	
7-242A	340	0300	29 36.79	87 17.98	21.3		35.94	
7-243A	340	0400	29 38.99	87 31.13	21.6		35.95	
7-244A	340	0500	29 39.87	87 43.53	21.6		36.00	
7-245A	340	0721	29 42.75	87 55.26	21.7		36.99	
7-246A	340	0825	29 45.45	88 10.15	21.5		36.00	
7-247A	340	0926	29 47.96	88 22.93	22.0		36.00	
7-248A	340	1316	29 52.90	88 50.60	21.3		36.00	
7-249A	340	1415	29 56.30	89 01.80	21.3		37.02	
7-250A	340	1515	29 59.63	89 12.80	21.1		36.02	
7-251A	340	1615	30 03.44	89 24.32	21.1		36.01	
7-252A	340	1922	30 07.13	89 38.07	21.0		35.99	
7-253A	340	2030	30 10.98	89 50.92	20.5		35.96	
7-254A	340	2130	30 14.00	90 00.68	20.8		35.94	
7-255A	340	2231	30 16.12	90 12.24	20.6		36.01	
7-256A	340	2330	30 18.00	90 23.18	21.3		36.01	
7-257A	341	0230	30 22.16	90 40.81	21.1		36.04	
7-258A	341	0330	30 25.00	90 53.39	21.2		36.05	
7-259A	341	0430	30 28.81	91 04.98	21.4		36.03	
7-260A	341	0530	30 31.66	91 16.84	21.0		36.05	
7-261A	341	0622	30 34.55	91 27.08	20.5		35.94	
7-262A	341	0724	30 36.73	91 40.28	20.8		35.93	
7-263A	341	1110	30 42.30	92 02.20	20.8		- - -	
7-264A	341	1230	30 45.20	92 19.10	20.4		35.95	
7-265A	341	1332	30 46.12	92 30.48	20.3		35.98	
7-267A	341	1432	30 46.92	92 41.91	19.5		35.85	
7-268A	341	1530	30 48.21	92 53.40	19.5		35.85	
7-269A	341	1630	30 49.12	92 05.56	19.5		35.85	
7-270A	341	1930	30 54.09	93 26.84	19.6		35.95	
7-271A	341	2024	30 56.73	93 37.21	19.6		35.91	
7-272A	341	2126	30 59.51	93 48.22	19.3		35.92	
7-273A	341	2231	31 03.00	93 59.12	20.0		36.02	
7-274A	341	2331	31 06.10	94 10.60	20.0		36.03	
7-275A	342	0030	31 08.70	94 21.10	20.0		36.05	
7-276A	342	0330	31 18.48	94 41.29	19.4		35.89	
7-277A	342	0430	31 21.28	94 51.93	19.7		35.95	
7-278A	342	0523	31 25.53	95 02.59	19.7		35.95	
7-279A	342	0627	31 31.54	95 15.51	19.7		35.95	
7-280A	342	0930	31 38.48	95 39.48	19.5		35.99	
7-281A	342	1030	31 43.30	95 52.20	19.5		35.99	
7-282A	342	1129	31 47.36	96 02.54	18.9		35.66	
7-283A	342	1226	31 52.24	96 12.30	19.2		35.81	
7-284A	342	1330	31 58.11	96 24.68	19.1		35.82	
7-285A	342	1527	32 00.52	96 33.29	18.7		35.89	
7-286A	342	1629	32 00.27	96 45.81	19.1		35.65	
7-287A	342	1732	32 00.46	96 57.93	18.2		35.59	
7-288A	342	1824	32 00.19	97 08.04	18.3		35.61	
7-289A	342	1925	31 59.98	97 19.80	18.7		35.58	
7-290A	342	2025	32 01.03	97 32.11	19.3		35.82	
7-291A	343	0002	32 00.60	97 55.80	19.0		36.02	
7-292A	343	0115	32 00.45	98 10.61	19.2		36.05	
7-293A	343	0212	32 00.79	98 24.35	18.8		36.04	
7-294A	343	0330	32 00.51	98 42.29	19.2		36.05	
7-295A	343	0430	31 59.90	98 56.01	19.3		36.05	
7-296A	343	0730	32 00.10	99 12.96	19.1		36.07	
7-297A	343	0826	32 59.72	99 25.55	19.2		36.02	
7-298A	343	0929	32 00.00	99 40.06	19.4		36.02	
7-299A	343	1031	31 59.30	99 53.60	18.3		35.68	
7-300A	343	1330	31 59.77	100 06.34	17.9		35.65	
7-301A	343	1430	32 00.00	100 18.21	18.1		35.63	
7-302A	343	1530	32 01.19	100 28.54	18.5		35.84	
7-303A	343	1630	32 00.71	100 40.19	17.5		35.64	
7-304A	343	1726	32 00.89	100 50.66	17.8		35.50	
7-305A	343	2027	32 01.65	101 02.73	18.3		35.84	
7-306A	343	2132	32 05.00	101 16.12	18.2		35.90	
7-307A	343	2229	32 09.06	101 25.48	18.4		35.88	
7-308A	343	2330	32 12.30	101 37.60	18.0		35.74		no good
7-309A	344	0828	32 22.34	102 14.04	18.0		35.74	
7-310A	344	2400	32 39.66	103 12.05	17.6		35.75	
7-311A	345	0601	32 47.66	103 34.13	18.1		35.92	
7-312A	345	0655	32 50.67	103 43.92	17.9		35.91	
7-313A	345	1344	32 59.95	104 13.47	17.9		35.98	
7-314A	345	2013	33 09.12	104 41.65	18.3		35.93	
7-315A	345	2115	33 16.50	104 52.00	17.9		35.94	
7-316A	346	0330	33 18.00	105 10.70	18.0		35.91	
7-317A	346	0430	33 21.94	105 22.08	18.1		35.93	
7-318A	346	1210	33 28.84	105 57.11	19.3		36.01	
7-319A	346	1310	33 32.52	106 07.10	19.3		36.02	
7-320A	346	1410	33 36.49	106 16.45	19.1		36.01	
7-321B	346	2057	33 44.24	106 40.18	18.7		36.00		no good
7-322A	346	2129	33 46.30	106 45.30	18.7		36.00		due to bad
7-322B	346	2144	33 47.18	106 47.54	18.6		36.00		launcher
7-777A	346	- - -	- - - - - 	- - - - - 	- - -		- - -		test/cal stn 94
7-323A	347	0530	33 58.42	107 26.95	17.4		35.84	
7-324A	347	0628	34 02.38	107 36.86	17.4		35.84	
7-325A	347	0724	34 05.87	107 47.10	17.3		35.85	
7-326A	347	1310	34 10.00	108 11.26	17.1		35.83	
7-327A	347	1413	34 10.15	108 23.05	17.1		35.83	
7-328A	347	2023	34 10.18	108 47.06	17.2		35.79	
7-329A	347	2120	34 10.42	108 58.06	17.3		35.79	
7-330A	348	0340	34 10.50	109 24.07	17.3		35.80	
7-331A	348	0430	34 10.82	109 35.23	17.3		35.80	
7-332A	348	0845	34 09.48	109 54.36	17.4		35.79	
7-332B	348	1159	34 09.92	110 05.43	17.3		35.77	
7-333A	348	1258	34 10.58	110 17.81	17.2		35.77	
7-334A	348	1400	34 19.93	110 27.84	16.9		35.67	
7-335A	348	1500	34 11.00	110 40.88	16.8		35.70	
7-336A	348	1600	34 10.69	110 51.98	17.2		35.72	
7-337A	348	1923	34 09.80	111 09.00	18.0		35.89	
7-338A	348	2029	34 10.30	111 23.42	18.0		35.89	
7-339A	348	2129	34 10.30	111 36.06	18.0		35.89	
7-340A	348	2229	34 10.18	111 48.42	18.0		35.90	
7-341A	348	2330	34 10.00	111 58.60	18.0		35.89	
7-342A	349	0300	34 10.32	112 19.33	17.9		35.77	
7-343A	349	0405	34 10.79	112 33.99	17.9		35.85	
7-344A	349	0828	34 09.54	112 47.48	17.8		36.65	
7-345A	349	0930	34 09.80	113 00.70	- - -		- - -	
7-346A	349	1027	34 10.24	113 12.54	18.9		35.93	
7-347A	349	1129	34 10.10	113 24.30	18.9		35.93	

Table 4: Parameters of the CTD Oxygen Algorithm Used to Calibrate RRS 
	 Charles Darwin Cruise #29 CTD Oxygen Data

Stations	  C	alpha a	    D		    E		    F		  beta b
1		 0.163	0.532	0.1456E-03	-0.1107E-01	0.3594E+00	0.8115E+01
3-5		 0.061	0.666	0.1581E-03	-0.2037E-01	0.1019E+01	0.8000E+01
6-7		 0.007	0.767	0.1557E-03	-0.2738E-01	0.9145E+00	0.6274E+01
11-12		-0.020	0.798	0.1954E-03	-0.2367E-01	0.1943E+00	0.1780E+02
13-15		-0.003	0.795	0.1701E-03	-0.2317E-01	0.8059E+00	0.8016E+01
16-19		 0.040	0.660	0.1887E-03	-0.2089E-01	0.5664E+00	0.3696E+01
20-22		 0.024	0.744	0.1509E-03	-0.2653E-01	0.8161E+00	0.4182E+01
23-24		 0.026	0.748	0.1455E-03	-0.2537E-01	0.1252E+01	0.8000E+01
25		 0.009	0.801	0.1478E-03	-0.3024E-01	0.7307E+00	0.8000E+01
26		 0.023	0.794	0.1390E-03	-0.2896E-01	0.8505E+00	0.7994E+01
27		 0.049	0.725	0.1434E-03	-0.2417E-01	0.8776E+00	0.8000E+01
28-36		 0.028	0.755	0.1462E-03	-0.2562E-01	0.9920E+00	0.4370E+01
37		 0.108	0.648	0.1215E-03	-0.2436E-01	0.4646E+00	0.7990E+01
38		 0.113	0.651	0.1227E-03	-0.2101E-01	0.5163E+00	0.7973E+01
39-42		 0.038	0.747	0.1413E-03	-0.2674E-01	0.8302E+00	0.2819E+01
43-47		 0.050	0.720	0.1400E-03	-0.2352E-01	0.1068E+01	0.4720E+00
48-55		 0.036	0.748	0.1428E-03	-0.2513E-01	0.8710E+00	0.7999E+01
56		 0.038	0.746	0.1427E-03	-0.2753E-01	0.7105E+00	0.7994E+01
57-58		 0.053	0.719	0.1402E-03	-0.2225E-01	0.8985E+00	0.6000E+01
59-60		 0.026	0.758	0.1525E-03	-0.2478E-01	0.9031E+00	0.8000E+01
61-64		 0.037	0.739	0.1472E-03	-0.2357E-01	0.9310E+00	0.8005E+01
65-67		 0.043	0.729	0.1457E-03	-0.2326E-01	0.7681E+00	0.8000E+01
68-69		 0.046	0.725	0.1421E-03	-0.2223E-01	0.8972E+00	0.8000E+01
70-81		 0.028	0.706	0.1784E-03	-0.2004E-01	0.7328E+00	0.8000E+01
82-83		 0.036	0.711	0.1665E-03	-0.2107E-01	0.5484E+00	0.8000E+01
84-88		 0.009	0.807	0.1471E-03	-0.2730E-01	0.8875E+00	0.8000E+01
89-91		 0.029	0.777	0.1409E-03	-0.2612E-01	0.7450E+00	0.8001E+01
92-93		 0.037	0.763	0.1394E-03	-0.2631E-01	0.7288E+00	0.7996E+01
95		-0.017	1.445	0.1000E-03	-0.2231E-01	0.7375E+00	0.8000E+01
96		 0.049	0.757	0.1348E-03	-0.2692E-01	0.5672E+00	0.8000E+01
97-102		 0.037	0.763	0.1394E-03	-0.2631E-01	0.7288E+00	0.7996E+01

Table 5: RRS Charles Darwin Cruise #29 Average Along- and Across-Track 
	 ADCP Velocity Estimates

Station		Along-Track	Across-Track	Across-Track
Number		Average ADCP	Average ADCP	ADCP-GEOST
		Velocity m/s	Velocity m/s	Velocity m/s
3   12		-0.220		-0.390		-0.096
4    3		-0.223		-0.649		 0.031
5    4		-0.153		-0.731		-0.117
6    5		 0.048		-0.890		 0.327
7    6		-0.203		-1.040		 0.315
8    7		-0.027		-0.917		 0.398
9    8		-0.359		-0.289		 0.086
12  13		 0.031		-0.353		-0.087
13  14		 0.067		-0.026		 0.026
14  15		 0.040		-0.072		-0.060
15  16		-0.112		-0.050		 0.013
16  17		-0.030		 0.092		 0.048
17  18		 0.054		 0.128		 0.046
18  19		 0.111		 0.026		-0.026
19  20		 0.013		-0.035		 0.001
20  21		-0.035		-0.032		 0.083
21  22		-0.143		-0.088		 0.124
22  23		-0.086		-0.040		 0.136
23  24		-0.271		 0.048		 0.003
24  25		-0.167		-0.025		-0.046
25  26		-0.007		 0.086		-0.039
26  27		 0.106		-0.023		 0.032
27  28		 0.000		-0.058		 0.262
28  29		 0.039		-0.045		-0.096
29  30		 0.112		 0.112		 0.063
30  31		-0.186		 0.171		 0.132
31  32		-0.089		 0.040		 0.006
32  33		-0.033		-0.030		-0.081
33  34		-0.062		 0.074		 0.051
34  35		-0.093		-0.023		-0.022
35  36		-0.065		-0.070		-0.008
36  37		 0.067		-0.032		 0.023
37  38		 0.237		-0.008		 0.010
38  39		 0.204		-0.027		-0.074
39  40		 0.345		 0.047		 0.036
40  41		 0.181		-0.012		-0.057
41  42		 0.224		 0.015		 0.031
42  43		 0.055		 0.023		 0.016
43  44		-0.313		 0.094		 0.083
44  45		-0.059		-0.021		 0.017
45  46		-0.003		-0.126		-0.033
46  47		-0.236		-0.114		-0.101
47  48		-0.342		 0.003 		-0.053
48  49		-0.152		 0.105		-0.014
49  50		-0.041		-0.028		-0.052
50  51		 0.031		-0.041		-0.038
51  52		-0.078		-0.108		-0.088
52  53		 0.032		-0.014		-0.008
53  54		 0.140		-0.003		-0.025
54  55		 0.067		 0.051		-0.024
55  56		 0.027		 0.055		 0.048
56  57		 0.038		-0.038		 0.060
57  58		-0.059		 0.000		 0.003
58  59		 0.019		 0.095		 0.059
59  60		 0.013		 0.081		 0.013
60  61		 0.071		 0.017		 0.034
61  62		 0.083		 0.030		-0.036
62  63		 0.094		 0.000		 0.030
63  64		 0.115		 0.062		-0.001
64  65		 0.067		 0.042		 0.030
65  66		 0.040		-0.051		 0.001
66  67		 0.091		 0.004		-0.017
67  68		 0.015		 0.123		-0.006
68  69		 0.013		-0.082		 0.066
69  70		 0.108		-0.099		-0.097
70  71		 0.305		 0.029		-0.014
71  72		 0.188		 0.044		-0.057
72  73		 0.218		-0.089		-0.033
73  74		 0.103		 0.023		-0.022
74  75		-0.065		-0.016		-0.003
75  76		 0.017		-0.078		-0.040
76  77		 0.071		-0.106		-0.010
77  78		-0.035		 0.132		 0.021
78  79		 0.007		-0.074		-0.037
79  80		 0.213		-0.074		 0.026
80  81		 0.360		 0.175		-0.001
81  82		 0.092		 0.043		 0.034
82  83		 0.153		 0.019		-0.019
83  84		-0.002		-0.044		 0.048
84  85		 0.020		-0.046		 0.029
85  86		 0.194		-0.023		-0.053
86  87		 0.071		 0.087		-0.017
87  88		 0.067		 0.075		 0.034
88  89		 0.057		 0.031		 0.028
89  90		 0.022		 0.037		 0.005
90  91		 0.018		-0.041		 0.039
91  92		-0.097		 0.101		 0.037
92  93		-0.354		 0.069		 0.021
93  94		-0.129		-0.033		 0.017
94  95		-0.179		-0.026		 0.038
95  96		-0.076		 0.079		 0.038
96  97		 0.106		 0.020		 0.057
97  98		 0.245		 0.069		 0.011
98  99		 0.121		 0.068		 0.055
99  100		 0.102		 0.147		 0.062
100 101		 0.328		 0.078		-0.019
101 102		 0.221		-0.015		 0.024
102 103		-0.025		 0.077		 0.044
103 104		 0.021		 0.024		 0.036
104 105		 0.041		-0.094		 0.026
105 106		 0.055		-0.157		 0.000

FIGURES 

Fig. 1*	The trans-Indian ocean cruise track and CTD station 
	locations of RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29 from Africa to Australia.  
	Note the many ridges and basins traversed by the cruise track.

Fig. 2*	Block diagrams of the CTD data collection and processing 
	systems employed on the RRS Charles Darwin trans-Indian cruise.

Fig. 3	Laboratory calibration data for the CTD temperature sensors 
	along with quadratic least-square fits to the data used to reduce the 
	CTD data.

Fig. 4*	Laboratory calibration data for the CTD pressure sensors 
	along with cubic least-square fits to the data used to reduce the CTD 
	data.

Fig. 5*	Laboratory calibration data for the CTD conductivity sensors 
	along with linear least-square fits to the data used to reduce the CTD 
	data.

Fig. 6*	Below: Differences between calibrated CTD salinity data and 
	associated rosette data over the entire ocean profile: RRS Charles 
	Darwin cruise #29. Above: Differences between deep (greater than 2000 
	db) calibrated CTD salinity data and associated rosette data: RRS 
	Charles Darwin cruise #29.

Fig. 7*	Histograms showing the distribution of the salt and oxygen 
	differences (CTD vs. rosette samples) for: Below: all stations at all 
	depths. Above: all stations at depths greater than 2000 db.

Fig. 8*	Below: Differences between calibrated CTD oxygen data and 
	associated rosette data over the entire ocean profile: RRS Charles 
	Darwin cruise #29. Above: Differences between deep (greater than 2000 
	db) calibrated CTD oxygen data and associated rosette data: RRS Charles 
	Darwin cruise #29.

Fig. 9*	(a). Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current 
	Profiler data obtained on the trans-Indian cruise. Four subsections of 
	the data set are presented (Figures* 9a, b, c, and d). In each case, the 
	top panel denotes with bold line where along the cruise track the data 
	were collected. Panels 2 and 3 contain the relative east and north 
	velocity profiles in "waterfall" format where successive profiles are 
	offset to the right. The profiles were biased to have zero vertical 
	mean. The bottom panels give the east (bold line) and north (thin line) 
	components of the depth-averaged relative velocity.

Fig. 9*	(b). Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current 
	Profiler data obtained on the trans-Indian cruise. Four subsections of 
	the data set are presented (Figures* 9a, b, c, and d). In each case, the 
	top panel denotes with bold line where along the cruise track the data 
	were collected. Panels 2 and 3 contain the relative east and north 
	velocity profiles in "waterfall" format where successive profiles are 
	offset to the right. The profiles were biased to have zero vertical 
	mean. The bottom panels give the east (bold line) and north (thin line) 
	components of the depth-averaged relative velocity.

Fig. 9*	(c). Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current 
	Profiler data obtained on the trans-Indian cruise. Four subsections of 
	the data set are presented (Figures* 9a, b, c, and d). In each case, the 
	top panel denotes with bold line where along the cruise track the data 
	were collected. Panels 2 and 3 contain the relative east and north 
	velocity profiles in "waterfall" format where successive profiles are 
	offset to the right. The profiles were biased to have zero vertical 
	mean. The bottom panels give the east (bold line) and north (thin line) 
	components of the depth-averaged relative velocity.

Fig. 9*	(d). Representative displays of the Acoustic Doppler Current 
	Profiler data obtained on the trans-Indian cruise. Four subsections of 
	the data set are presented (Figures* 9a, b, c, and d). In each case, the 
	top panel denotes with bold line where along the cruise track the data 
	were collected. Panels 2 and 3 contain the relative east and north 
	velocity profiles in "waterfall" format where successive profiles are 
	offset to the right. The profiles were biased to have zero vertical 
	mean. The bottom panels give the east (bold line) and north (thin line) 
	components of the depth-averaged relative velocity.

Fig.10*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the Natal Valley during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Symbols 
	represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. The 
	bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.11*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the Natal Valley during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Phosphate data 
	are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and silicate by diamonds. 
	The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at the same scales as 
	Figure 10*.

Fig.12*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the Mozambique Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Symbols 
	represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. The 
	bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.13*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the Mozambique Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Phosphate 
	data are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and silicate by 
	diamonds. The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at the same 
	scales as Figure 12*.

Fig.14*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the Madagascar Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Symbols 
	represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. The 
	bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.15*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the Madagascar Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Phosphate 
	data are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and silicate by 
	diamonds. The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at the same 
	scales as Figure 14*. 

Fig.16*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the Crozet Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Symbols 
	represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. The 
	bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.17*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the Crozet Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. Phosphate data 
	are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and silicate by diamonds.  
	The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at the same scales as 
	Figure 16*.

Fig.18*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the Central Indian Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. 
	Symbols represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. 
	The bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.19*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the Central Indian Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. 
	Phosphate data are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and 
	silicate by diamonds. The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at 
	the same scales as Figure 18*.

Fig.20*	Typical potential temperature vs. salinity and oxygen plots 
	from the West Australian Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. 
	Symbols represent rosette water sample data for those particular casts. 
	The bottom plots are expanded scale to show deep theta/property 
	consistency.

Fig.21*	Typical potential temperature vs. nutrient data plots from 
	the West Australian Basin during RRS Charles Darwin cruise #29. 
	Phosphate data are represented by triangles, N+N by circles, and 
	silicate by diamonds. The ordinates (potential temperature axes) are at 
	the same scales as Figure 20*.

Fig.22*	Temperature vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

Fig.23*	Salinity vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

Fig.24*	Oxygen vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

Fig.25*	Nitrate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

Fig.26*	Phosphate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

Fig.27*	Silicate vs. depth section of trans-Indian Ocean section. 
	Vertical distortion of the full depth profiles is 500:1, while for the 
	expanded shallow sections it is 1250:1.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix A:	Description of CTD #9 Data Adjustment

Careful examination of deep (T < 4°C) potential temperature/ salinity 
data obtained with WHOI CTD #9 on the 320S trans-Indian Ocean section 
revealed a small discrepancy with the water sample measurements.  As 
depicted in Figure Al, standard CTD data calibration techniques yielded 
CTD profiles which diverged from the water sample data below 0.8°C 
potential temperature by upwards of 0.002 psu.  Salinity, computed from 
CTD data, is dependent on temperature, conductivity and pressure 
observations: each of which is subject to error.  The relative 
sensitivity of calculated salinity to these variables is approximately 
0.001°C, 0.001 mmho and 2.5 db per 0.001 psu change (based on EOS 80 and 
nominal values of 1.5°C, 34.7 psu and 4500 db.)

Review of the temperature calibration data for CTD #9 from the pre- and 
post-cruise laboratory measurements indicated that the salinity 
discrepancy probably was not the product of error in the temperature 
calibration.  The two laboratory calibrations were internally consistent 
over the full range of calibration temperatures to better than 0.002°C, 
and we believe the laboratory measurements have an absolute accuracy of 
0.002°C.  More importantly, because the salinity error occurred over a 
rather small temperature interval, the required adjustment of the 
temperature calibration curve to remove the salinity discrepancy would 
have induced strong change of curvature to the calibration curve below 
1°C.  Such structure in a calibration curve is outside our experience 
with CTD instruments.  We therefore concluded that the temperature 
channel was not the source of the observed salinity problem.

A change in the deep-water conductivity calibration algorithm was also 
ruled out.  In order to match the water sample salinity data, a 
nonlinear conductivity correction would have been required.  The NBIS 
CTD conductivity sensor, however, is inherently a linear device (N.  
Brown, personal communication, 1988).  Some improvement between CTD and 
water sample data was obtained by setting to zero the coefficient of 
conductivity cell deformation with pressure.  While full agreement might 
have been achieved by allowing this coefficient to be negative, we did 
not pursue this course as it implied non-physical behavior of the CTD 
sensor (cell expanding with increasing pressure).

Hence by default, we concluded the salinity error was the product of 
pressure error.  Using the figures above, a salinity error of 0.002 psu 
would result from a pressure error of 5 db.  We suspect that residual 
temperature sensitivity in the pressure sensor was responsible for the 
pressure error, but we were unable to confirm this in the laboratory.  
Reduction of the data to final form utilized a modified cubic pressure 
calibration algorithm.  The algorithm agreed with that derived from the 
polynomial least-square fit to the laboratory data at pressures less than 
3000 db.  At higher pressures, the final pressures were greater than 
those generated by the laboratory- derived calibration formula by the 
amount needed to force the CTD potential temperature/salinity curve to 
overlie the water sample data; the algorithm is reported in the main 
section of the text.  For the bulk of the deep trans-Indian Ocean data, 
the adjustment caused an increase of bottom pressure by 10 db or less.  
Checks were made to insure that the resulting bottom pressure data were 
consistent with the acoustic depth recorded at each station.  The 
pressure adjustments that were made were within the uncertainty of the 
acoustic depth data.  Finally it should be noted that because this 
adjustment was made uniformly to all stations occupied with CTD #9, no 
spurious signal was introduced into the thermal wind shear field of the 
ocean interior.  Potential does exist for shear error at the transitions 
between stations which used instruments #9 and #8 (station pairs 3-12 and 
15-16).  However, bottom pressures at these sites were 3000 db or less, 
levels where the pressure adjustment of CTD #9 was negligible.

Figure A1*:	Potential temperature vs. CTD salinity plot showing the 
discrepancy between CTD#9 data and corresponding rosette data in the 
very deep water.  All CTD #9 data was subsequently adjusted as described 
in Appendix A.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix B:	Station Listing Description

Individual station listings have been created with the following 
information for the trans-Indian cruise.  A description of the Fortran 
algorithms for computing all parameters except those involving integrals 
and gradients are documented in Unesco TR 44 "Algorithms for computation 
of fundamental properties of seawater" by N. P. Fofonoff and R. C. 
Millard.  Starting at the left, the station variables are categorized in 
four groups as follows.  The observed variables: temperature, salinity, 
and oxygen are vertically filtered values at the pressure level 
indicated.  The standard Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2 db 
pressure-averaged CTD data are centered on odd pressure intervals 
(1,3,5,7,...) while the adopted pressure listing levels axe at even 
pressure values with the exception of 75 and 125 db.  The 2 db 
temperature, salinity, and oxygen data were smoothed with a binomial 
filter (Unesco TR 54) and then linearly interpolated as required to the 
standard levels.  The potential temperature, potential density anomaly, 
and potential density anomaly referenced to 2000 and 4000 db that follow 
in the listings were computed using the Fortran algorithms of Unesco TR 
44.  The dynamic height and potential energy are integral quantities from 
the surface to the pressure interval indicated.  These assume that the 
value of the specific volume anomaly of the first level of the 2 db CTD 
data profile can be extrapolated to the sea surface.  A trapezoidal 
integration method was employed.  The next quantities: potential 
temperature and salinity gradients, potential vorticity, and Brunt-
Väisälä frequency, involve the calculation of vertical gradients.  
Gradient quantities were estimated from a centered linear least squares 
fit calculated over half of the neighboring listing intervals.  The 
calculated depth involves a dynamic height correction and a latitude 
dependent gravity correction.

The header of each station listing contains the beginning time and 
position for the station.  Positions are determined from a transit 
satellite navigator or by dead reckoning from last fix.  The speed of 
sound is an average value computed from averaged travel time of the 
profile (Wilson, 1960).  The water depth is from an echo sounder, 
corrected using the Carter tables.

The columns of the station listing are:

PRES	DBAR	Pressure (P) level in decibars.
TEMP	°C	Temperature (T) in degrees Celsius calibrated on the 
		1968 International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS 1968).
SALT	PSU	Salinity (S) computed from conductivity (C), 
		temperature, and pressure according to the 1978 practical 
		salinity scale. (Unesco TR 44, pp. 6-12). C(35,15,0) = 42.914 
		mmho/cm.
OXYG 	ML/L	Oxygen in units of milliliters per liter. The partial 
		pressure of oxygen is computed from the polargraphic 
		electrode measurements using an algorithm described by Owens 
		and Millard (1985).
PTEMP	°C	Potential temperature theta in degrees Celsius computed by 
		integrating the adiabatic lapse rate after Bryden (1973) (see 
		Unesco TR 44, pp. 42-45). The reference level, Pr, for the 
		calculation is 0.0 db. theta= theta (S, T, P, Pr).
SIGTH	kg/m^3	Potential density anomaly in kilograms/m^3. Obtained 
		by computing the density anomaly gamma (S, T, P) (density -
		1000 kg/m^3) at 0 pressure replacing the in situ temperature 
		with potential temperature theta = theta (S, T, P, 0.0) 
		referenced to 0 db. gamma-theta = gamma(S, theta, 0.0).
SIGM2	kg/m^3	Potential density anomaly referenced to 2000 db in 
		kilograms/m^3. Obtained by computing the density anomaly 
		gamma (density - 1000 kg/m^3) at 2000 db using potential 
		temperature referenced to 2000 db theta = theta (S, T, P, 
		2000), gamma-theta = gamma (S, theta, 2000).
SIGM4	kg/m^3	Potential density anomaly referenced to 4000 db in 
		kilograms/m^3. Obtained by computing the density anomaly 7 
		(density - 1000 kg/m') at 4000 db with potential temperature 
		referenced to 4000 db theta = theta (S, T, P, 4000). gamma-
		theta = gamma (S, theta, 4000).
DYN-HT	10(J/kg) Dynamic height in units of dynamic meters (10 
		Joules/kg) is the integral with pressure of specific volume 
		anomaly (see The Sea, Volume I, p. 336 by Fofonoff 7 1962).
POT. E	10^-5(J/m^2) Potential energy anomaly in 10^-5 Joules/m^2 is 
		the integral with pressure of the specific volume anomaly 
		multiplied by pressure (see The Sea, Volume I, p. 338 by 
		Fofonoff, 1962).
GRD-PT	10^3(°C/db) Potential temperature gradient in units of 
		millidegrees Celsius per decibar. Estimated from the least 
		squares temperature gradient over half the surrounding 
		pressure intervals minus the center pressure adiabatic lapse 
		rate.
GRD-S	10^3(psu/db) Salinity gradient in psu per decibar. Estimated from 
		the least squares salinity gradient over half the 
		surrounding pressure intervals.
POT-V	10^-12 ms^-1 Planetary potential vorticity in m^-1*s^-1. This is 
		defined as f E, where f is the Coriolis frequency and E is 
		the stability parameter (Millard et al., 1990) estimated 
		over half the surrounding pressure intervals.
B-V	(1/hr)	Brunt-Väisälä frequency in cycles per hour. This is 
		the natural frequency of oscillation of a water parcel when 
		vertically displaced from a rest position assuming no 
		exchanges of heat or salt with surroundings. This 
		calculation uses the adiabatic leveling of steric anomaly 
		(Fofonoff, 1985; Millard et al., 1990).
DEPTH	(m)	The depth of the pressure interval including the local 
		gravity and dynamic height (see DYN-HT definition) 
		corrections (see Unesco TR 44, pp. 25-28).

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix C:	Tritium, Helium, and Neon Observations

INDIAN OCEAN	32S	ST12

DEPTH	T pot.	SALINITY	DELTA	He	DELTA	Ne	DELTA	TRITIUM	T-He3
db	deg C	permil		He3 %	ccSTP/g	 He %	ccSTP/g	 Ne %	  TU	AGE 
										years
 8.8	20.830								
 200	17.022	35.631		0.00	3.85	  1.9	13.41	4.5	 0.640	 4.7
 598	11.596	35.021							 0.338	
 949	 7.007	34.558							 0.016	
1148	 4.756	34.465		2.60	4.10	  3.5	17.87	4.8		57.0
1400	 3.799	34.591							-0.003	
1800	 2.795	34.700		5.80	4.15	  4.1	17.55	3.8	 0.000	
2202	 2.417	34.774		6.50	4.28	  5.9	18.48	5.5		
2400	 2.308	34.792		4.28	 7.1	18.62	  6.2		

IND OCEAN	32 S	ST 15	32  32.7S  33 24E	ST 15

 100	17.873	35.662		-0.7	3.82	 1.2	15.83	 2.6	 0.910	 2.1
 200	17.048			-0.5	3.78	 3.4	15.63	 3.8	 0.861	 1.3
 601	12.606	35.149						 0.4	 0.420	
 901	 8.893			 6.2	4.16	 4.4	18.38	 5.1		
1502	 3.652	34.546		 7.8	4.46	12.0	19.11	10.3		
1804	 3.158	34.668							
2001	 2.780	34.708		 6.2	4.18	 4.7	18.45	 5.7		
3525	 1.142	34.760		 7.9	4.14	 3.0	18.27	 3.2		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S	33 03S,  41 00E	ST 26

 6.8	19.172	35.706		-1.8	3.75	-0.2	15.79	2.7	0.685	-0.6
 100	17.116	35.636		-1.3	3.95	 4.2	16.01	3.0	0.793	 0.5
 200	15.939	35.529		-0.5	3.95	 3.7	16.42	4.9	0.840	 4.9
 300	14.800	35.428		 1.0	4.02	 5.1	16.37	3.8	0.710	 3.5
 450	13.228	35.241		 2.1	4.04	 4.9	16.91	6.3	0.547	 5.9
 600	11.639	35.021		 4.8	4.07	 5.0	16.90	4.8	0.440	10.8
 800	 9.178	34.722		 6.3	4.00	 2.2	17.15	4.1		
1000	 6.225	34.474		 6.4	4.11	 3.8	17.63	4.2	0.178	
1200	 4.278	34.412		 5.7	4.19	 5.4	18.04	4.7		
1500	 3.244	34.553		 7.3	4.15	 4.0	18.19	4.6		
1800	 2.751								0.297	
2100	 2.487	34.747							0.123	
2400	 2.316	34.793		 6.0	4.35	 8.8	18.50	5.5		
3300	 1.740	34.797							0.005	
4500	 0.375	34.705							0.025	
4900	 0.229	34.695		 5.8	4.41	10.3	18.60	5.9		
5088	 0.192	34.691							0.003	

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST 33	33 22.7S,  46 54E	ST 33

   0	19.068	35.577			3.77	0.2	15.56	1.1	0.711	0.1
  54	17.338	35.580		-1.6	3.95	2.8	16.21	4.4	0.792	0.1
 150	 15.35	35.496		-1.1	3.98	4.3	16.54	3.6		0.8
 350	13.396	35.276		-0.7	3.99	3.7	16.52	4.2	0.644	1.5
 450	12.538	35.142		-1.2	4.01	3.9	16.87	5.3	0.402	1.2
 850	 7.604	34.717		 4.3	4.12	4.7	17.72	5.5		
1500	 2.927	34.525		 8.2	4.14	3.8	18.15	4.0		
2100	 2.287	34.724			4.20	5.2	18.31	4.3		
2503	 2.052	34.784		14.8	4.31	7.8	18.88	7.1		
2701	 1.819	34.784			4.33	8.3				
3090	 1.428	34.756		12.2	4.33	8.1	18.84	6.4		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST35	33 33.6S,  48 14E	ST35

   0	19.594	35.532		-1.2	3.85	 2.7	16.02	4.3	0.756	 0.7
 100	15.849	35.539		-2.0	3.87	 1.8	16.12	2.9	0.680	-0.4
 200	14.884	35.444		 0.4	3.84	 3.5	16.57	5.2		 2.8
 300	13.818	35.323		 0.4	3.95	 3.1	16.33	2.9	0.805	 2.4
 400	12.936	35.211		 0.8	4.02	 4.4	16.75	4.9	0.464	 4.7
 600	10.804	34.919		 0.0	4.06	 4.5	16.92	4.2	0.409	 3.8
1000	 5.341	34.461		 2.8	4.14	 4.3	17.90	5.0		10.9
1200	 3.901	34.451		 3.2	4.13	 3.8	18.02	4.1	0.288	12.0
1400	 3.169	34.489		 5.2	4.12	 3.2	18.09	3.9		
1700	 2.608	34.615		 6.8	4.18	 4.7	18.30	4.6	0.195	
2400	 2.004	34.739		16.9	4.30	 7.6	18.53	5.3		
2800	 1.667	34.749		14.9	4.33	 8.2	18.67	5.7		
3200	 1.227	34.731		 9.6	4.34	 8.2	18.88	6.4		
3205	 1.227	34.731		10.8	4.36	 8.8	18.97	6.9		
3782	 0.842	34.721		 6.8	4.29	 6.8	18.78	5.4	0.000	
4029	 0.756	34.713		 6.8	4.46	11.3			0.017	

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST39	33 59.9S,  52 44E	ST39

10.1	19.350	35.625		-1.8	3.88	 3.3	16.00	4.1	0.794	-0.1
 200	15.488	35.507		-1.5	3.87	 1.6	16.42	2.9	0.692	 0.3
 300	14.442	35.404		-1.6	3.97	 3.6	16.45	4.1	0.707	 0.1
 500	12.676	35.172		 5.1	4.00	 3.7	16.45	2.8		
 700	10.373	34.867		 4.8	4.04	 3.9	16.70	2.5	0.577	 8.8
 900	 7.499	34.569		 5.0	4.05	 3.0	17.43	4.3		
1300	 3.839			 6.8	4.09	 2.8	18.16	3.9		
1500	 3.174	34.482		 7.9	4.14	 4.0	18.18	4.4	0.144	
1903	 2.479	34.646		 5.1	4.22	 5.6	18.47	5.4	0.178	
2801	 1.640	34.742		 7.8	4.31	 7.8	18.17	4.9		
3400	 1.104	34.725		 7.1	4.38	 9.2	18.78	5.7	0.032	
4001	 0.840	34.716		 5.6	4.43	10.3	19.30	8.3		
4201	 0.802	34.713		 5.4	4.34	 8.1	18.83	5.6	0.044	
4402	 0.773			 4.8	4.27	 6.4	18.58	4.2		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST44	33 58.3S,  57 02E	ST44

 250	14.336	35.398		-0.3	3.90	 1.8	15.96	0.9	0.758	 1.8
 400	13.333	35.276		 0.3	3.95	 2.7	16.53	3.8	0.742	 2.5
 500	12.289	35.104		 1.6	4.02	 4.0	16.78	4.5	0.705	 4.2
 600	11.308	34.969		 1.2	4.00	 3.3	16.51	2.1		 4.3
 800	 8.717	34.675		 1.8	4.09	 4.4	17.18	3.9		 5.9
1000	 5.918	34.457		 1.7	4.16	 5.0	17.76	4.7	0.377	 7.3
1200	 4.350	34.401		 3.4	4.07	 2.2	17.67	2.6	0.033	40.0
1400	 3.399			 5.8	4.14	 3.9	18.26	5.1	0.177	
1600	 2.978	34.525		 6.6	4.16	 4.3			0.000	
2000	 2.355	34.670		 6.1	4.19	 4.8	18.40	4.9	0.099	
2600	 1.908	34.734		 6.8	4.26	 6.6	18.55	5.3	0.129	
3200	 1.333	34.733		 7.7	4.31	 7.6	18.61	5.0	0.328	
3800	 0.533	34.705		 6.9	4.33	 7.9	19.05	4.8	0.105	
4099	 0.465	34.703		 6.0	4.37	 8.7	18.89	5.6	0.019	56.3
4401	 0.376	34.700							0.004	
4741	 0.289	34.693		 4.7	4.27	 6.3	18.78	4.7	0.510	 9.8
5103	 0.210	34.690		 6.0	4.40	 9.4	19.09	6.4	0.393	13.2
5197	 0.206	34.691			4.43	10.2	19.18	6.8	0.000	
5197	 0.209	34.691			4.37	 8.7	19.01	5.9		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S ST50 '33 59.3S, 61 59E	ST 50

 3.2	19.015	35.550		-1.6	3.85	2.4	16.23	5.3	0.898	 0.1
 200	14.193	35.400		-1.2	3.87	1.1	16.28	2.9	0.774	 0.6
 300	13.867	35.344		-0.8	4.00	4.3	16.62	4.8	0.481	 1.8
 600	11.328	34.962		 1.8	4.07	5.0	16.89	4.4	0.412	 7.0
 800	 8.718	34.671		 2.1	4.11	4.9	17.29	4.6		
1100	 4.629	34.372		 3.0	4.20	5.8	18.09	5.3	0.040	
1200	 3.946	34.368							0.103	
1400	 3.183	34.454		 6.4	4.09	2.5	18.13	4.1		
2400	 1.904	34.726		 8.9	4.25	6.3	18.80	6.7		
3000	 1.514	34.737		 8.8	4.37	9.2	18.75	6.0		
3300	 1.352	34.726		 7.2	4.30	7.4	18.04	1.8	0.034	
3600	 1.070	34.725							0.028	
3900	 0.708	34.709		 6.6	4.28	6.6	18.76	5.1	0.157	25.0
4200	 0.463	34.700		 5.8	4.29	6.9	18.60	3.9	0.111	28.0
4500	 0.285	34.692							0.010	
4800	 0.159			 5.6	4.30	7.2	19.09	6.3	0.000	
5187	 0.096	34.686		 5.9	4.25	5.7	18.69	3.9		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST55	34 01S,  71 59E	ST55

 1.5	17.815	35.416		-1.4	3.86	2.0	16.03	3.4	0.624	 0.5
  70	15.823	35.437		-1.3	3.88	2.4	16.24	3.6	0.926	 0.4
 150	13.390	35.262		-1.5	4.00	4.1	16.61	4.3	0.809	 0.2
 250	12.689	35.224		-2.1	3.97	3.2	16.32	2.0	0.541	-0.1
 350	12.102	35.077			4.00	3.6	16.73	4.1	0.333	
 450	11.501	34.982		-1.2	3.78	5.3	17.04	5.5		 2.4
 550	10.653	34.863			4.07	4.7	17.25	6.1		
 700	 8.920	34.678		 1.2	4.10	4.8	17.31	4.9	0.210	10.3
 900	 6.102	34.444		 1.8	4.08	3.2	17.39	2.7		
1300	 3.238	34.438		 3.8	4.26	6.8	18.33	5.3		
1500	 2.789	34.529		 7.7	4.20	5.0	18.55	6.2		
2200	 1.917	34.726		14.7	4.22	5.4	18.50	5.1		
3500	 1.135	34.716		10.3	4.20	4.8	18.72	5.4		
4100	 0.771	34.708		 7.2	4.31	7.4	18.82	5.5	0.169	24.5
4700	 0.672	34.705		 7.1	4.29	6.9	18.72	4.8		
5055	 0.668	34.705		 5.6	4.19	4.3	18.44	3.3		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST62	30 22.4S,  79 15E	ST62

  22	18.897	35.772		-1.4	3.95	 5.0	16.13	4.8	0.636	 0.5
 100	16.265	35.622		 3.1	3.88	 2.1	16.24	4.0	0.762	 5.4
 200	13.646	35.335		 5.3	3.98	 3.8	16.27	2.4	0.645	 8.5
 300	12.301	35.121		 5.7	4.06	 5.2	16.45	2.5	0.608	 9.3
 400	11.377	34.975		 8.7	4.06	 4.7	16.86	4.4	0.741	10.4
 500	10.666	34.875		 6.6	4.00	 3.0	16.45	1.2	0.603	10.2
 700	 9.183	34.686		 8.8	3.99	 2.1	17.59	6.8		
 800	 8.235			 9.8	4.19	 6.8	17.30	4.2		
1000	 5.294	34.410		 9.4	4.14	 4.5	17.65	3.5		
1100	 4.332	34.408		 7.2	4.19	 5.3	17.60	2.3		
1300	 3.583	34.493		11.1	4.27	 7.4	17.78	2.5		
1500	 3.169	34.572		 9.0	4.20	 5.4	18.02	3.5		
2300	 2.017	34.729		14.9	4.53	13.2	18.72	6.4		
2700	 1.576	34.742		10.9	4.42	10.3	18.69	5.7		
2900	 1.400	34.735		 8.2	4.46	11.4	19.04	7.5		
3100	 1.258	34.732		 6.4	4.20	 4.9	18.68	5.3		
3500	 1.137	34.726		 5.0	4.25	 6.0	18.25	2.8		
3792	 1.121	34.726		 5.5	4.32	 7.8	18.83	6.0		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST65	29 02S,  82E 	ST65

  17	19.482	35.917		-1.2	3.84	2.5	15.93	3.8	0.706	 0.7
 100	16.089	35.593		 3.8	3.87	1.9	15.97	2.3	0.707	 6.5
 200	13.485	35.283		 4.8	4.10	6.8	16.74	5.2	0.679	 7.7
 301	12.229	35.102		 5.5	4.04	5.1			0.782	 7.5
 400	11.340	34.971		 9.4	4.06	4.7	16.77	3.8	0.767	10.6
 500	10.539	34.863		 6.9	4.09	5.0	16.98	4.3	0.767	 8.7
 700	 8.752	34.651		 8.1	4.18	6.6	17.37	5.1		
1001	 4.696	34.411		 7.0	4.24	6.8	18.09	5.5		
1100	 4.110	34.418		 6.6	4.21	5.9	18.32	5.8		
1200	 3.716	34.477		10.3	4.31	8.2	18.40	6.2		
2000	 2.290	34.708		12.4	4.31	7.8	18.56	5.8		
2500	 1.737	34.732		11.9	4.28	7.0	18.65	5.7		
3100	 1.263	34.735		 7.0	4.31	7.6	18.86	6.0		
4000	 1.057	34.722		 6.8	4.25	5.9	18.72	5.3		
4167	 1.049	     0		 5.9	4.17	4.0	18.65	4.9		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST69	29 32.1S,  86  55E   	ST69

 2.6	21.593	36.528		-1.5	3.74	0.9	15.59	2.9	0.599	 0.3
 100	18.010	35.853		-0.9	3.91	3.6	15.91	3.0	0.635	 1.2
 200	14.776	35.492		 0.6	4.00	4.5	16.50	4.8	0.712	 3.0
 300	12.632	35.177			4.04	7.4	16.82	5.1	0.652	
 400	11.408	34.989		 1.8	4.02	3.9	16.84	4.2	0.783	 4.0
 500	10.519	34.865		 0.9	4.04	4.0	17.06	4.8		 4.6
 600	 9.746	34.765		 4.3	4.07	4.3	17.10	4.4	0.406	10.8
 700	 8.971	34.665		 5.8	4.09	4.5	17.37	5.2	0.000	
 800	 7.894	34.567		 7.9	4.11	5.0	17.36	4.3		
 900	 6.339	34.461		 9.5	4.13	4.8	17.82	5.5	0.080	
1000	 4.808	34.403		 9.3	4.24	6.8	18.13	5.8	0.040	
1100	 4.238	34.464		10.2	4.14	4.1	17.76	3.1		
1300	 3.463	34.529		 9.8	4.27	7.2	18.05	3.9	0.058	
1700	 2.702	34.653		10.9	4.27	6.9	18.49	5.8	0.340	
2300	 1.940	34.724		11.2	4.30	7.5	18.67	6.0	0.086	
2700	 1.575	34.730		13.7	4.31	7.8	18.79	6.3		
3300	 1.197	34.724		12.0	4.29	7.0	18.85	6.2		
3585	 1.069	34.721		11.5	4.33	8.0	18.92	6.6		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST80	31  59.8S,  99E 		ST80

 8.4	18.875	35.984		-1.7	3.88	3.3	15.91	3.5	0.674	-0.3
  60	17.503	35.961		-1.7	3.85	2.1	16.04	3.6	0.649	-0.3
 120	16.482	35.874		-1.1	3.99	5.2	15.99	2.7	0.754	 0.8
 200	15.846	35.759		-0.3	3.94	4.0	16.51	5.6	0.793	 1.7
 300	13.651	35.391		 4.8	4.09	6.7	16.23	2.2	0.529	 9.4
 400	11.856	35.089							0.502	
 500	10.648	34.871		 6.3	4.10	5.4	16.85	3.6	0.345	14.9
 700	 9.040	34.653		 6.3	4.18	6.9	17.43	5.7		
 800	 8.539	34.595		 6.5	4.19	6.6	17.28	4.3		
 901	 7.324	34.509		 6.6	4.14	5.1	17.51	4.6		
1000	 5.582	34.415		 5.8	4.15	4.8	17.73	4.1		
1198	 3.873	34.421							0.000	
1600	 2.945	34.584		 6.8	4.34	8.8	18.28	4.8	0.401	14.0
1800	 2.649	34.645								
1950	 2.482	34.674		 5.1	4.24	6.1	18.72	6.9		
2104	 2.241	34.704		 6.9	4.16	4.1	18.35	4.5		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST88	32 44.8S  103.24E   	ST88

 9.8	17.530	35.709		-1.4	3.85	 1.9	16.05	3.6	0.718	0.4
 102	14.208	35.474		-0.4	3.94	 2.9	16.36	3.4	0.846	1.5
 200	12.434	35.158		 1.8	4.08	 5.8	16.81	4.9	0.851	3.7
 300	10.983	34.923		 4.2	4.02	 3.6	16.89	4.1		
 400	10.352	34.825		 7.2	4.17	 7.0	17.41	6.8		
 500	 9.631	34.726		 9.7	4.17	 6.8	17.37	5.9	0.409	
 700	 8.323	34.594		 8.6	4.11	 4.8	17.36	4.7		
 898	 5.600	34.404		 9.3	4.17	 5.3	17.83	4.8	0.000	
1100	 3.912	34.403		 9.6	4.31	 8.4	18.26	5.6	0.009	
1300	 3.364	34.512		10.1	4.28	 7.4	18.21	4.9	0.000	
1500	 3.025	34.581							
1797	 2.609	34.662		 9.6	4.31	 7.9	18.52	5.9	0.212	
2101	 2.229	34.703							
2401	 1.929	34.730		 8.4	4.41	10.3	18.87	7.1	0.076	
2703	 1.653	34.736							
3000	 1.413	34.737		10.0	4.35	 8.5	18.83	6.4		
3300	 1.131	34.729							
3600	 0.929	34.721		 8.5	4.38	 9.2	18.82	5.7		
3906	 0.761	34.717		 8.5	4.41	 9.9	19.02	6.7	0.009	
4208	 0.661	34.711							
4501	 0.606	34.707		 7.9	4.28	 6.7	18.56	4.1		
4806	 0.573	34.705							
5102	 0.550	34.705		 7.5	4.31	 7.4	18.81	5.2		
5336	 0.539	34.700		 8.2	4.35	 8.2	19.12	6.9	0.242	21.3

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST94	33 53.6S. 107 13E	ST94

13.4	17.901	35.893		-1.6	3.87	2.8	16.02	3.9	0.649	 0.2
 100	15.703	35.700		 0.0	3.86	1.6	16.17	3.3	0.806	 2.0
 200	13.466	35.350		 2.1	4.01	3.3	16.77	4.2	0.682	 4.9
 300	11.210	34.963		 0.8	4.12	6.4	17.10	5.6	0.060	21.5
 400	 9.983	34.771		 3.7	4.08	4.8	17.14	4.8		
 500	 9.347	34.686		 4.9	4.11	5.2	17.10	4.0		
 600	 8.687	34.611		 7.8	4.18	6.7	17.35	4.9		
 700	 8.001	34.552		 8.4	4.17	6.1	17.52	5.3		
 800	 6.610	34.464		 8.1	4.21	6.6	17.78	5.5		
 900	 5.147	34.396		 7.9	4.22	7.4	18.15	6.2		
1000	 4.269	34.396		 8.8	4.28	7.7	18.06	4.8		
1200	 3.509	34.482		 7.6	4.38	9.8	18.55	6.9		
1800	 2.475	34.665		 7.9	4.21	5.4	18.27	4.3		
2600	 1.752	34.728		 8.8	4.32	8.1	18.67	5.8		
3400	 1.220	34.731		15.0	4.24	5.9	18.86	6.3		
4200	 0.817	34.715		 6.4	4.29	6.9	18.66	4.7		
4900	 0.558	34.705		10.9	4.27	6.3	18.58	3.9		
5375	 0.507	34.707		 8.6	4.31	7.2	18.86	5.4		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST97	34 10S, 109 09E	ST97

 100	14.903	35.595		-1.0	3.95	3.6	16.40	4.2		
 200	13.782	35.394		-0.8	3.94	2.8	16.47	3.8		
 300	12.067	35.092		-1.2	4.05	4.9	16.64	3.5		
 400	10.084	34.770		-1.6	4.05	3.9	17.10	4.6	0.313	 0.3
 500	 9.479	34.697		 0.2	4.15	6.1	17.19	4.7		
 600	 8.918	34.638		 2.3	4.15	6.0	17.43	5.5		
 700	 8.302	34.563		 6.3	4.13	5.5	17.39	4.8		
 800	 7.186	34.488		 7.1	4.23	7.4	17.43	4.0		
 900	 5.766	 0.000		 9.1	4.27	7.8	18.01	6.1		
1000	 4.508	34.370		10.8	4.30	8.3	18.30	6.4		
1300	 3.284	 0.000		11.4	4.23	6.2	18.32	5.3	0.055	
1900	 2.400	34.677		11.8	4.26	6.7	18.39	4.9		
2500	 1.844	34.727		12.4	4.29	7.3	18.54	5.2		
3100	 1.453	34.732		12.1	4.23	5.8	18.58	5.0		
3800	 1.020	34.725		11.4	4.33	7.9	18.63	4.7		
4000	 0.898	34.716		10.5	4.35	8.4	18.92	6.2		
5138	 0.515	34.702		 9.7	4.27	6.2	18.89	5.6		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST105    		ST105

 2.5	19.145	35.880		-1.8	3.80	1.1	15.65	1.9		
 100	16.182	35.696		-1.1	4.09	7.9	16.64	6.6		
 200	14.235	35.446		-0.2	4,02	5.1	16.48	4.2		
 400	 9.452	34.704			4.06	3.9	17.15	4.4		
 500	 8.643	34.608		-0.6	4.07	4.0	17.17	3.8		
 600	 7.711	34.524		 2.1	4.12	4.8	17.35	4.0		
 700	 6.156	34.437			4.13	4.4	17.83	5.3		
 800	 4.902	34.394		 8.2	4.13	4.1	17.68	3.3		
 900	 4.231	34.413		10.4	4.21	5.8	17.74	2.9		
1000	 3.999	34.473		10.8	4.12	3.6	17.95	3.9		
1080	 3.877	34.482		11.1	4.12	3.6	17.94	3.8		

INDIAN OCEAN	32S  ST106    		ST 106

3.5	19.395	35.855		-1.5	3.86	3.1	15.78	2.8	0.698	0.3
100	16.957	35.769		-0.9	4.10	8.3	16.47	5.9	0.477	1.6
200	16.425	35.734		 0.0	4.00	5.4	16.29	4.5	0.341	4.4
300	12.389				4.01	4.2	16.90	4.5		
400	 9.542	34.718			4.08	4.6	17.03	3.8		
500	 8.659	34.618		 0.5	4.12	5.1	17.26	4.3		
600	 7.199	34.510		 2.5	4.11	4.5	17.41	3.9		
687	 6.062	34.437		 6.9	4.15	4.9	17.79	5.0		
									
Precision     + -		 0.2	0.01	1	 0.04	1	0.010	

HELIUM AND NEON COLUMNS *1E-8

* All figures shown in PDF file.
