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CRUISE REPORT: HLY0201
(Updated MAR 2012)



HIGHLIGHTS


                           CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

               Section Designation  HLY0201
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  32H120020505
                  Chief Scientists  J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper 
                             Dates  2002 May 5 to 2002 June 15 
                              Ship  R/V Healy
                     Ports of call  Nome, Alaska

                                                73° 45.64' N
             Geographic Boundaries  169° 7.66' W              153° 53.91' W
                                                64° 59.01' N

                          Stations  40
      Floats and drifters deployed  0
    Moorings deployed or recovered  0

                        Recent Contact Information:

                          Jacqueline M. Grebmeier 
             Assistant Professor • Evolutionary Bioinformatics
    569 Dabney Hall • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37996-1610
      Phone: (865) 974-2925 • Lab: (865)974-6453 • Fax: (865) 974-3067
                          Email: jgrebmei@utk.edu

                                Lee W. Cooper 
 Research Professor and Project Director • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
10515 Research Dr, Suite 100 • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37932
    Phone: (865) 974-2990 • Fax: (865) 974-7896 • Email: lcooper1@utk.edu








               HLY-02-01 SERVICE GROUP BOTTLE DATA DOCUMENTATION
                             5 May to 15 June 2002
                          Nome, Alaska to Nome, Alaska

                          Dr. Louis Codispoti, (on board PI)
                              Horn Point Laboratory
                                   PO Box 775
                                2020 Horn Pt. Rd.
                               Cambridge, MD 21613
                               410.221.8479 phone
                             codispot@hpl.umces.edu

                              Dr. James Swift (PI)
                       Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                           Oceanographic Data Facility
                             9500 Gilman Rd. MC 0214
                             La Jolla, CA 92093-0214
                               858.534.3387 phone
                                 jswift@ucsd.edu


On board team: Kristin Sanborn, Dean Stockwell, Robert Palomares, 
Doug Masten, Charlie Flagg, Erik Haberkern and Bob Williams

Funded by National Science Foundation OPPO 125399



INSTRUMENTATION

CTD casts were performed with a rosette system consisting of a 12-place 
rosette frame with 30 liter Niskin-type bottles equipped with internal 
plastic coated springs and a 24-place SBE-32 Carousel pylon. To minimize 
toxicity the bottles were equipped with silicone 0-rings.

Underwater electronic components consisted of a

• Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 9llplus CTD,
• WetLabs C-Star transmissometer with a 25cm pathlength and 660nm 
  wavelength,
• Biospherical Instruments, Inc. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 
  sensor,
• Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka fluorometer, and
• Simrad, 5 volt - 500 meters altimeter. Additionally, a Dr. Haardt 
  fluorometer (CDOM), a Secchi disk and occasionally a Video Plankton 
  Recorder (VPR) were mounted on the CTD package. The CTD and 
  transmissometer were mounted horizontally along the bottom of the 
  rosette frame. The PAR sensor was located at the top of the rosette. All 
  sensors except the Secchi disk and the VPR were interfaced with the CTD, 
  and the data from these instruments were incorporated into the CTD data 
  stream. This instrument package provided pressure, dual temperature and 
  conductivity channels as well as light transmissivity, at a sample rate 
  of 24 scans per second.

The rosette system was suspended from a standard UNOLS 3 conductor 0.322" 
electromechanical cable. Before deployment of the CTD, the cell was 
flushed with a brine solution to ensure that the sensors did not freeze 
when the CTD was taken from the heated room where it was stored between 
stations.

The CTD used was serial number 09P12613-0474 and this instrument's sensor 
serial numbers are
listed in Table 1.


TABLE 1. Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers

  Primary       Primary     Secondary    Secondary      
Temperature  Conductivity  Temperature  Conductivity  Pressure  Transmissometer
-----------  ------------  -----------  ------------  --------  ---------------
 SBE 3plus      SBE 4C      SBE 3plus      SBE 4C     401K-105       C-Star  
  03-2166      04-2319       03-2324      04-2113      69008       CST-479DR  

                          Oxygen  Fluorometer    PAR
                          ------  -----------  --------
                          SBE 43    Aqua 3     QSP-2300
                           0060      88191       4644


The distance of the mid-points of the 30 L Niskin bottles from the 
bottom-mounted sensors was '-4m. The PAR sensor was 0.6 m above the 
mid-point of the Niskin bottles, and the Secchi disk which is mounted on 
a rod was 0.8 m above the mid-point of the 30 L Niskin bottles. The 
distance between the PAR sensor and the bottom mounted sensors was -1.7 
m. The 30 Liter Niskin bottles are l.0 m long.

On 29 May, before Station 018 Cast 04, a mishap damaged three of the 
SIO/STS/ODF 30 liter bottles. These were replaced with the USCG Ocean 
Test Equipment bottles. In most respects, the replacement bottles were 
similar to the General Oceanics bottles except they were equipped with 
external stainless steel springs instead of internal coated springs. 
Because of geometric considerations, the arrangement of the original 
bottles had to be changed. The bottles were renumbered using the 
tripping order sequence as the bottle number. Bottles 10 and 11 were 
damaged and replaced by bottles 4 and 5. Ocean Test Equipment bottles 
were placed in the slots that 4 and 5 had occupied.

After a few casts, the external springs on the Ocean Test Equipment 
bottles were replaced with SIO/STS/ODF internal springs.

Before Station 032, Cast 02, bottle 1 was replaced with an Ocean 
Test Equipment bottle. An internal spring was used on this bottle.


CTD DATA

CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure, temperature and 
conductivity sensors were used to generate coefficients for the 
calculation of these parameters from their respective sensor frequencies. 
The conductivity calibrations were performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, 
Inc. in Bellevue, Washington. Calibration of the pressure and temperature 
sensors was performed by


Shipboard Technical Support/Oceanographic Data Facility (STS/ODF) 
personnel. These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to 
the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).

CTD Data Acquisition

The CTD 91 iplus was operated generally as suggested in the Sea-Bird CTD 
Operating and Repair Manual, which contains a description of the system, 
its operation and functions (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2002). One 
difference from Sea-Bird's operation is that data acquisition was 
started on deck. This procedure allows a check of the pressure offset 
and an unblocked reading of the transmissometer. The Seasoft acquisition 
program as described in the CTD Data Acquisition Software Manual 
(Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2001) provided a real-time graphical display 
of selected parameters adequate to monitor CTD performance and 
information for the selection of bottle-tripping depths. Raw data from 
the CTD were archived on the PC's hard disk at the full 24 Hz sampling 
rate. The CTD data acquisition system (the deck unit, and a PC running 
Sea-Bird's Seasoft software) were prepared by the console operator prior 
to each station.

A CTD Station Sheet form was filled in for each deployment, providing a 
record of times, positions, bottom depth, bottle sampling depths, and 
every attempt to trip a bottle, as well as any pertinent comments. Bottom 
depths were logged in uncorrected meters (assuming a sound velocity of 
1500 mlsec) from the ship's Bathy 2000, or if not operational then from 
the SeaBeam system. When the equipment and personnel were ready, data 
acquisition was started. The CTD operator pressed a control key (flag), 
which appends a summary line into one of the two files created for 
"inventory"files. This file contains a summary of the time, ship's 
position, and current scan number each time the control key is pressed. 
It is used as a reference to mark important events during the cast, such 
as on deck pressure, when the lowering was initiated, when the package 
was at the bottom, and on-deck pressure with ending position. After the 
initial flag, the rosette/CTD system was lowered into the water and held 
at or near the surface until the CTD pumps activated and a notation was 
made to this affect. The CTD was allowed to equilibrate for a period of 
time. Then, the operator again created a flag and simultaneously directed 
the winch operator to begin lowering. The rosette was lowered to within a 
few meters of the bottom on most casts using the altimeter to determine 
distance above the bottom. The operator created a flag at the deepest 
point of the cast.

The console operator and a member of the scientific party monitored the 
CTD data during the downcast via graphics windows on the display, and 
decided where to trip bottles on the up-cast or the bottles were tripped 
at standard predetermined depth. The depth of each bottle trip was 
written on the station log and flagged in the data file. The performance 
of all sensors was monitored during the cast. After the rosette 
recovery, the operator created a final flag denoting the end of the 
cast. The console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned 
off the CTD power. Any faulty equipment or exceptionally noisy data was 
noted by the operator on the log sheet.

CTD Data Processing

Pressure

CTD values determined on deck before and after each cast were compared 
to determine a pressure offset correction. The comparison suggested no 
pressure offset needed to be applied to the data.

Temperature

The temperature sensor was calibrated just before the expedition. The 
temperature sensors were monitored during the expedition and found to 
have a good agreement with one another. It appears that no additional 
corrections need to be applied to the data. A post-cruise calibration 
will be performed and if those results find that both of the sensors 
drifted by the same amount, the data will be reprocessed.

Conductivity

Corrected CTD pressure and temperature values were used with bottle 
salinities to back-calculate bottle conductivities. Comparison of these 
bottle values with the CTD primary conductivity values indicated an 
offset correction needed to be applied to the CTD data. On stations 000 
to 021, 0.00009 mS/cm was added from Station 022 till the end of the leg 
0.00037 was added to the conductivity data.

Transmissometer

A WetLab calibrated Transmissometer was utilized throughout the cruise. 
An on deck calibration check was performed and it was found there was 
little degradation from the last calibration.

Oxygen, Fluorometer, and PAR

The CTD oxygen data are only intended for qualitative use. Similarly, 
the fluorometric and PAR data are not calibrated.


CTD Data Processing

The Sea-Bird Seasoft CTD processing software was employed in the 
processing routine. The software consists of a number of programs that 
perform various functions, and may be combined to provide a 
semi-automated batch processing system. A more complete description may 
be found in the Sea-Bird Software Manual which is available from the 
Sea-Bird website (www.seabird. com). The sequence of programs that were 
run in the processing of this cruise are as follows:

• DA TCNV - Converts data from raw frequencies and voltages to 
  corrected engineering units
• WILDEDIT - Eliminates large spikes
• CELL TM - Applies conductivity cell thermal mass correction
• FILTER - A low pass filter to smooth pressure for LOOPEDIT
• LOOPEDIT - Marks scans where velocity is less than selected value to 
  avoid pressure reversals from ship roll, or during bottle flushing.
• DERIVE - Computes calculated parameters
• BINA VG - Average data into desired pressure bins 

The quality control steps included:

• Sensor verification After the CTD was set up and sensor serial 
  numbers and sensor location was entered into the computer, another 
  check was made of the CTD to verify that there were no tabulation 
  errors in the setup.
• Seasofi Configuration File was reviewed to verify that individual 
  sensors were represented correctly, with the correct coefficients.
• Temperature was verified by comparison of the primary sensor data 
  versus that from the secondary sensor.
• Conductivity was checked by comparison of the two sensors with each 
  other and with bottle salinity samples.
• Position Check A chart of the ship's track was produced and 
  reviewed for any serious problems. The positions were acquired from 
  the ship's Trimble P-code navigation system.
• Visual Check Plots of each usable cast were produced and 
  reviewed for any noise and spikes that may have been missed by 
  the processing programs.
• The density profile was checked for inversions that might have 
  been produced by sensor noise or response mismatches. Additional 
  Sea-Bird programs were run on all or some stations to maximize 
  the data quality:
• WFILTER - Provides a median filter for data smoothing of.CNV files
• WFILTER was employed on selected stations where there were spikes in 
  the data,specifically in the transmissometer data. This program was 
  run after WILDEDIT

There were several modulo word errors at the beginning of the expedition. 
The ship personnel had reported problems with the CTD just days before 
the expedition. Once onboard, a check of all connections and cables was 
performed. It was found that a shielding around the winch motor 
eliminated the spiking and most of the noise in the CTD signal. 

Appendix A is a tabulation of the stations sampled. There are separate 
columns for the maximum sampling depth of the bottle data and the CTD data. 
Bottom depths, distance above the bottom, as well as miscellaneous notes 
are included in this tabulation. The bottom depth was calculated by combining 
the distance above bottom, reported by the altimeter, and the maximum depth 
of the CTD package. If there was no altimeter reading, in instances where the 
package was 500 meters or more off the bottom, then the bottom depth is 
reported from the depth recorder (uncorrected) via the Bathy 2000 or SeaBeam. 

The CTD down trace is being reported: If there was a problem with the down 
trace, the up trace was reported and a notation was made in the comments file. 

The CTD data can be obtained via the NCAR/Earth Observing Laboratory (formerly 
JOSS [Joint Office for Science Support/UCAR]) web-site, 
www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi. The data are reported using the WHP-Exchange 
format. The format can be obtained through the WOCE Hydrographic Program web-
site, WHPO.ucsd.edu. Additional ascii files were created with comments recorded 
on the CTD Station Logs during data acquisition. These ascii files also include 
data processing comments noting any problems, the resolution, and footnoting 
that may have occurred. These comment files are also in the JOSS/EOL database.

CTD Data Footnoting

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDTMP (CTD 
temperature) and CTDSAL (CTD salinity) parameters as follows:

2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the bottle data, 
  or there was a CTD conductivity calibration shift during the up-cast.
4 Bad measurement. The CTD up-cast data were determined to be 
  unusable for calculating a salinity.
7 Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or 
  offset.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2) 
parameter as follows:

1 Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement.
4 Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable for 
  calculating a dissolved oxygen concentration.
5 Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when 
  CTD salinity is coded 3 or 4.
7 Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or 
  offset.
9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast. 
  Either the sensor cover was left on or the depth rating 
  necessitated removal

Data Comments

Fine structure that may appear in the upper 10 m of our profiles may be 
caused by ship discharges/turbulence. To minimize this problem, engine 
cooling water discharges were restricted to the port side of the Healy 
starting with Station 002. At about this time, a procedure was adopted 
in order to induce bottle flushing under the prevailing quiescent 
conditions. The winch operator was instructed to "yo yo" bottles before 
the CTD operator tripped the bottle for most casts. In addition, the 
bottle was kept at depth for 1 minute before tripping. On productivity 
casts keyed to light depths that often were closely spaced, the "yo yo" 
procedure was replaced by keeping the bottle at depth longer than 1 
minute.

Bottle Data

Note: All salinity, nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected by 
the service team have gone through several stages of editing and are 
not likely to change significantly. The chlorophyll observations 
that we report are, however, preliminary and will undergo 
post-cruise editing.

Bottle Sampling

There were six generic types of casts performed with differing 
sampling protocols. Generally speaking, the sampling during these 
casts were as follows, but there is some cast to cast variation.

• Hydrographic
  o Oxygen,
  o Total C02,
• Total Alkalinity,
  o Nutrients
  o Chlorophyll
  o Salinity
  o 0181016
  o Dissolved Organic Carbon
  o Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
  o Particulate Organic Matter
  o Benthic
  o Stable Isotopes
  o PB210
  o Iodine
  o Cesium
• Productivity
  o Oxygen and/or Oxygen Respiration

  o Productivity
  o Nutrients
  o Chlorophyll
  o HPLC
  o Bacteria
  o Micro Zooplankton
  o Bio-Optics
• Bio-Mark(ers)
  o Dissolved Organic Matter
  o Lignin
  o Zooplankton
• Radium
  o Nutrients
  o Radium
• Zooplankton
  o Nutrients
  o Zooplankton
• CTD
  o No samples

The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette 
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for 
the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions 
noted about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was 
designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this 
log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before the air 
vent on the bottle, to check for air leaks. This observation together 
with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", "valve 
left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample integrity 
were routinely noted on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also 
involved taking the sample draw temperature from the bottle. The 
temperature was noted on the sample log.

Bottle Data Processing

After the samples were drawn and analyzed, the next stage of 
processing involved merging the different data streams into a common 
file. The rosette cast and bottle numbers were the primary
identification for all ODF-analyzed samples taken from the bottle, and 
were used to merge the analytical results with the CTD data associated 
with the bottle.

Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or 
bottle data processors were entered into a computer file associated with 
each station (the "quality" file) as part of the quality control 
procedure. Sample data from bottles suspected of leaking were checked to 
see if the properties were consistent with the profile for the cast, with 
adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data. Various 
property-property plots and vertical sections were examined as well as the 
tabular data for both consistency within a cast and consistency with 
adjacent stations by data processors, who advised analysts of possible 
errors or irregularities, bottles that did not "fire" correctly 
("mis-trips"), etc. The analysts reviewed and sometimes revised their data 
as additional calibration or diagnostic results became available. Further 
post-cruise QA/QC checking of the data were conducted, and additional 
bottle data quality notes are presented in the ADDENDUM to this document.

Based on the outcome of investigations of the various comments in the 
quality files, WHP water sample quality codes were selected to indicate 
the reliability of the individual parameters affected by the comments 
(see below). WHP bottle codes were assigned where evidence showed the 
entire bottle was affected, as in the case of a leak, or a bottle trip at 
other than the intended depth. Raw (unprocessed) CTD data are located in 
the EOL database as well. The file hlyO2Ol_ctd_raw.zip contains 
ssscc.cfg, ssscc.con, ssscc.dat and ssscc.hdr (where sss = station number 
and cc = cast number) files as acquired by the SeaBird SeaSave 
acquisition program, sbscan.sum file and calibration information for all 
sensors. The *.cfg file is datcnv.cfg with the beginning scan number and 
*.con files may include a correction based on the bottle salinity 
samples. The sbscan.sum file is a list of stations and beginning scan 
number. Configuration files for the various SeaBird CTD processing 
programs are also included where applicable.



Bottle Data Footnoting

WHP water bottle quality codes were assigned as defined in the WOCE 
Operations Manual [Joyce] with the following additional interpretations:

2 No problems noted.
3 Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect 
  on a sample is identified by a code of 3 on the bottle and a code 
  of 4 on the oxygen. (Small air leaks may have no observable effect, 
  or may only affect gas samples.)
4 Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the 
  intended depth were assigned a code of 4. There may be no 
  problems with the associated water sample data.
5 Not reported. No water sample data reported. This is a 
  representative level derived from the CTD data for reporting 
  purposes. The sample number should be in the range of 80-99.
9 The samples were not drawn from this bottle.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:

1 The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle, 
  but the results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station 
  profile or adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data 
  comparisons). No notes from the analyst indicateda problem. The 
  data could be acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
4 Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile, 
  adjacent stations or CTD data. There were analytical notes 
  indicating a problem, but data values were reported.
  Sampling and analytical errors were also coded as 4.
5 Not reported. There should always be a reason associated with a 
  code of 5,usually that the sample was lost, contaminated or 
  rendered unusable.
9 The sample for this measurement was not drawn.

Not all of the quality codes are necessarily used on this data set.


PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURES

All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the 
rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval 
at the time the bottle was closed on the rosette and then applying the 
appropriate corrections and offsets that were outlined earlier.

The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of 
1990.


SALINITY

Equipment and Techniques

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate 
bottles, which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling. The 
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene 
screw caps This container provides very low container dissolution and 
sample evaporation.

A Guildline Autosal 8400A #57-526, standardized with IAPSO Standard 
Seawater (SSW) batch P140, was used to measure the salinities. Prior to 
the analyses, the samples were stored to permit equilibration to 
laboratory temperature, usually 8-20 hours. The salinometer had been 
modified by ODF and contained an interface for computer-aided 
measurement. A computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control functions 
(changing sample, flushing) and logged results. The salinometer was 
standardized with a fresh vial of standard seawater at the beginning and 
end of the run. The SSW vial at the end of the run was used as an unknown 
to check for drift. The salinometer cell was flushed until two successive 
readings met software criteria for consistency; these were then averaged 
for a final result.

PSS-78 salinity was calculated for each sample from the measured 
conductivity ratios. The difference (if any) between the initial vial of 
standard water and one run at the end as an unknown was applied linearly 
to the data to account for any drift. The data were added to the cruise 
database. 429 salinity measurements were made and 34 vials of standard 
water were used. The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea 
is usually better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard 
seawater batch used.

Laboratory Temperature

The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was fair, 
sometimes varying as much as 3.5°C during a run of samples. The 
laboratory temperature was generally 1-2°C lower than the Autosal bath 
temperature.


OXYGEN ANALYSIS

Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated 
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the 
absorption of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light. The titration of the 
samples and the data logging were controlled by PC software. Thiosulfate 
was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret. 
The ODF method used a wholebottle modified-Winder titration following the 
technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson (1991), but 
with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately 
0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/1). Standard K103 solutions 
prepared ashore were run at the beginning of each session of analyses, 
which typically included from 1 to 2 casts. Reagent/distilled water 
blanks were determined, to account for presence of oxidizing or reducing 
materials.

Sampling and Data Processing

Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the 
rosette was brought on board. Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125m1 
volume-calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation, 
then filled and allowed to overflow for at least 3 flask volumes. The 
sample draw temperature was measured with a small platinum resistance 
thermometer embedded in the drawing tube. Reagents were added to fix the 
oxygen before stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough 
dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then 
again after about 20 minutes. The samples were usually analyzed within a 
few hours of collection and then the data were merged into the cruise 
database. Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each 
standardization and corrected to 20°C. The 20°C normalities and the 
blanks were plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems. 
New thiosulfate normalities were recalculated as a linear function of 
time, if warranted. The oxygen data were recalculated using the smoothed 
normality and an averaged reagent blank. Oxygens were converted from 
milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram using the sampling 
temperature. 531 oxygen measurements were made, with no major problems 
with the analyses.

Volumetric Calibration

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed 
deionized water to determine flask volumes at ODF' s chemistry 
laboratory. This is done once before using flasks for the first time and 
periodically thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected. The 
volumetric flasks used in preparing standards were volume-calibrated by 
the same method, as was the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense 
standard iodate solution.

Standards

Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and 
was reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.


NUTRIENT ANALYSIS

Equipment and Techniques

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate+nitrite, urea, ammonium, 
and nitrite) were performed on an ODF-modified 6-channel Technicon 
AutoAnalyzer II, generally within a few hours after sample collection. 
Occasionally samples were refrigerated up to a maximum of 8 hours at 
2-6°C. All samples were brought to room temperature prior to analysis. The 
analog outputs from each of the six channels were digitized and logged 
automatically by computer (PC) at 2-second intervals.

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al., 
(Armstrong, 1967). An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to 
a seawater sample to produce silicomolybdic acid, which was then reduced 
to silicomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of 
stannous chloride. Tartaric acid was also added to impede P04 color 
development. The sample was passed through a 15mm flowcell and the 
absorbance measured at 660nm.

A modification of the Armstrong et al. (Armstrong 1967) procedure was 
used for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For the nitrate analysis, 
the seawater sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where 
nitrate was quantitatively reduced to nitrite. Sulfanilamide was 
introduced to the sample stream followed by N-( I -naphthyl) 
ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which coupled to form a red azo dye. The 
stream was then passed through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance 
measured at 540nm. The same technique was employed for nitrite analysis, 
except the cadmium column was bypassed, and a 50mm flowcell was used for 
measurement. Periodic checks of the column efficiency were made by 
running alternate equal concentrations of N02 and N03 through the N03 
channel.

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and 
Wilhelms [Bernhardt 1967.] technique. An acidic solution of ammonium 
molybdate was added to the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, and 
then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the 
addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The reaction product was heated to 55°C 
to enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and 
the absorbance measured at 820m.

Ammonium is determined by the Berthelot reaction (Patton and Crouch 1977) 
in which sodium hypochlorite and phenol react with ammonium ion to 
produce indophenol blue, a blue compound, with an absorption maximum at 
637nm. Sodium citrate is added to prevent precipitation of Ca +2 and 
Mg2. The solution is heated to 55°C and passed through a 50mm flowcell 
at 640nm.

Urea is analyzed via a modification of the method by Rahmatullah and 
Boyde (1980), which is based on the classic diacetyl monoxime method. 
A solution of diacetyl monoxime, thiosemicarbizide and acetone is 
followed by the addition of ferric chloride, which acts as a 
catalyst. The resultant solution is heated to 90°C and passed through 
a 50mm flowcell. The absorbance is measured at 520nm.

Sampling and Data Processing

Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml polypropylene, screw-capped 
"oak-ridge type" centrifuge tubes. The tubes were cleaned with 10% HC1 
and rinsed with sample three times before filling. Standardizations were 
performed at the beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically 
one cast, usually 12-24 samples) with an intermediate concentration mixed 
nutrient standard prepared prior to each run from a secondary standard in 
a low-nutrient seawater matrix. The secondary standards were prepared 
aboard ship by dilution from primary standard solutions. Dry standards 
were pre-weighed at the laboratory at ODF, and transported to the vessel 
for dilution to the primary standard. Sets of 6-7 different 
standard concentrations covering the range of sample concentrations 
were analyzed periodically to determine the deviation from linearity, if 
any, as a function of concentration for each nutrient analysis. A correction 
for non-linearity was applied to the final nutrient concentrations 
when necessary. After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file
 was processed to produce another file of response factors, baseline values, 
and absorbances. Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for 
accuracy against values taken from a strip chart recording. The data were 
then added to the cruise database. 1217 nutrient samples were analyzed. No 
major problems were encountered with the measurements. The pump tubing 
was changed three times, and a stable deep seawater check sample was 
run frequently as a substandard check. The efficiency of the cadmium column 
used for nitrate was monitored throughout the cruise and ranged from 96-100%.

Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from 
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 
atm pressure (0 db), in situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory 
temperature of 25°C.

Also reported is N**, a parameter calculated from nitrate, nitrite, 
ammonium and phosphate concentrations. This parameter is defined as N** = 
((N-16P + 2.98) µM) 0.87, where P =the phosphate concentration in µM, 
and N = (nitrate+nitrite+ammonium in µM). This parameter is quite 
similar to the original N* parameter defined by Gruber and Sarmiento 
(1997) except that we include ammonium concentrations because of the high 
ammonium concentrations that can occur in the SBI region. The underlying 
premise of both N* and N** is that the N/P atomic regeneration ratio in 
seawater is normally close to the 16/1 N/P Redfield ratio. The assumption 
is that deviations from this ratio in N/P ratios in a water mass arise 
primarily from nitrogen fixation which produces organic matter with N/P 
ratios in excess of 16/1, or denitrification which consumes nitrate and 
other forms of fixed nitrogen and converts these forms into elemental 
dinitrogen gas. Values less than 2.98 suggest that a water mass has 
experienced net denitrification and higher values suggest net nitrogen 
fixation. The factors 2.98 and 0.87 are explained by Gruber and Sarmiento 
(1997), and there is some debate about whether they should be included, 
but we do so in order to facilitate comparison with the distributions 
presented by Gruber and Sarmiento (1997).

Nutrient Standards

Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Johnson Matthey 
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be 
>98% pure. Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and 
phosphate (KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. , 
Aesar Division, and the supplier reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 
99.999%, respectively. Ammonia, (NH4(504)2), and Urea primary standards 
were obtained from Fisher Scientific and reported to be >99% pure. In 
addition, cross-comparisons were made with KNO3 and KH2PO4 traceable to 
NIST that were assayed at 99.98% and 99.9% respectively. Standards for 
the remaining nutrients were compared with a suite of standards supplied 
by the University of Maryland. All standard intercomparisons, produced 
agreement well within the precision of our methods.


Data Quality Notes:

Silicate data from station 10, cast 5, station 10, cast 6 and station 11 
cast 2 look reasonable, but are probably not of our normal quality due to 
problems with the molybdate reagent and baseline drift. Baseline problems 
suggest that the ammonium data from station 11, cast 2 are not of our 
normal quality.


Bottle Data Footnoting

WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned as defined in the WOCE 
Operations Manual [Joyce]. These flags and interpretation are tabulated 
in the Data Distribution, Bottle Data, Quality Flags section of this 
document.

Data Distribution

The CTD and bottle data can be obtained through the NCARIEarth Observing 
Laboratory (formerly JOSS [Joint Office for Science Support/UCAR]) 
web-site, www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi The data are reported using the 
WHP-Exchange (WOCE Hydrographic Program) format and the quality coding 
follows those outlined by the WOCE program (Joyce, 1994). In addition, 
the format can be obtained through the WOCE Hydrographic Program website, 
WHPO.ucsd.edu The descriptions in this document have been edited from the 
reference to annotate the format specific to this data distribution. 
ASCII files for each station were created with comments recorded on the 
CTD Station Logs during data acquisition. These ASCII files include data 
processing comments noting any problems, their resolution, and footnoting 
that may have occurred. A separate ASCII file was also created with the 
comments from the Sample Log Sheets that include problems with the Niskin 
bottles that could compromise the samples. Comments arising from 
inspection and checking of the data are also included in the ASCII file. 
These comments are included in Appendix B.

General rules for WHP-exchange:

1. Each line must end with a carriage return or end-of-line.
2. With the exception of the file type line, lines starting with a "#" 
   character, or including and following a line which reads 
   "END _DATA", each line in the file must have exactly the same number 
   of commas as do all other lines in that file.
3. The name of a quality flag always begins with the name of the 
   parameter with which it is associated, followed by an underscore 
   character, followed by "FLAG", followed by an underscore, and then 
   followed by an alphanumeric character, W.
4. The "missing value" for a data value is always defined as -999, 
   but written in the decimal place format of the parameter in 
   question. For example, a missing salinity would be written 
   -999.0000 or a missing phosphate -999.00.
5. The first four characters of the EXPOCODE are the U.S. National 
   Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) country-ship code, then 
   followed by up to an 8 characters expedition name of cruise 
   number, i.e. 32H1HLYO2O1.


CTD DATA

CTD data is located in file 32H1hly0403_ctl.zip. This file contains ssscc 
ctl.csv files for each station and cast where sss=3 digit station identifier 
and cc=2 digit cast identifier.

Description of ssscc_ctl.csv file layout.
1st line     File type, here CTD, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp

             YYYYMMDDdivINSwho

             YYYY 4 digit year 
             MM 2 digit month 
             DD 2 digit day div division of Institution 
             INS Institution name 
             who initials of responsible person

# lines      A file may include 0-N optional lines at the start of a data 
             file, each beginning with a "#" character and each ending 
             with carriage return or end-of-line. Information relevant to 
             file change/update history may be included here, for example.
2nd line     NUMBER_HEADERS = n (n = 10 in this table and the 
             example_ctl.csv file.)
3rd line     EXPOCODE = [expocode] The expedition code, assigned by the user.
4th line     SECT_ID = [section] The SBI station specification. Optional.
5th line     STNNIBR = [station] The originator's station number
6th line     CASTNO = [cast] The originator's cast number
7th line     DATE = [date] Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
8th line     TIME = [time] Cast time that CTD was at the deepest sampling 
             point.
9th line     LATITUDE = [latitude] Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign 
             (blank or missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd are 
             decimal degrees. Sign is positive in northern hemisphere, negative 
             in southern hemisphere
10th line    LONGITUDE = [longitude] Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "5" is 
             sign (blank or missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd 
             are decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" longitude, 
             negative for "west" longitude 
11th line    DEPTH = [bottom] Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are 
             "meters" and should be specified in Line 2. In general, corrected 
             depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. Documentation 
             accompanying data includes notes on methodology of correction. 
             Optional.
next line    Parameter headings.
next line    Units.
data lines   A single _ctl.csv CTD data file will normally contain data 
             lines for one CTD cast.
END-DATA     The line after the last data line must read END DATA, and be 
             followed by a carriage return or end of line.
other lines  Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional 
             lines at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.

Parameter names, units, format, and comments

Parameter        Units        Format    Comments
CTDPRS           DB           F7.1      CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W                 I1        CTDPRS quality flag
CTDTMP           ITS-90       F8.3      CTD temperature, degrees
                                        C (ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W                 I1        CTDTMP quality flag
CTDSAL                        F8.3      CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W                 I1        CTDSAL quality flag
CTDOXY           UMOL/KG      F7.l      CTD oxygen,
                                        micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W                 I1        CTDOXY quality flag
XMISS            %TRANS       F7.1      Transmissivity, percent
                                        transmittance
XMISS_FLAG_W                  I1        XMISS quality flag
FLUOR            VOLTS        F8.3      Fluorometer, voltage
FLUORFLAGW                    I1        Fluorometer quality flag
PAR              VOLTS        F8.3      PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W                    I1        PAR quality flag
FLCDOM           VOLTS        F8.3      CDOM Fluorometer,
                                        voltage
FLCDOMFLAGW                   Il        CDOM Fluorometer
                                        quality flag


QUALITY FLAGS

CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDTMP (CTD temperature), 
CTDSAL (CTDsalinity) and XMISS (Transmissivity) parameters as follows:

5  Acceptable measurement.
6  Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station 
   profile or adjacent station comparisons (or possibly bottle 
   data comparisons). The data could be acceptable, but are open 
   to interpretation.
7  Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable.
8  Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when 
   CTD salinity is flagged 3 or 4.
9  Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast

WHP CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2), 
FLUORO (Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), SPAR (Surface PAR), and HAARDT 
(Haardt Fluorometer CDOM) parameter as follows:

1  Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
9  Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast. 
   Either the sensor cover was left on or the depth rating 
   necessitated removal.



BOTTLE DATA 

Description of 32H1HLYO2O1_hyl.csv file layout.

1st line     File type, here BOTTLE, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp
             YYYYMMDDdivINSwho
             YYYY 4 digit year
             MM   2 digit month
             DD   2 digit day
             div  division of Institution
             INS  Institution name
             who  initials of responsible person

#lines       A file may include 0-N optional lines, typically at the start 
             of a data file, but after the file type line, each beginning 
             with a "#" character and each ending with carriage return or 
             end-of-line. Information relevant to file change/update history 
             of the file itself may be included here, for example.
2nd line     Column headings.
3rd line     Units.
data lines   As many data lines may be included in a single file as is 
             convenient for the user, with the proviso that the number 
             and order of parameters, parameter order, headings, units, 
             and commas remain absolutely consistent throughout a 
             single file.
END-DATA     The line after the last data line must read END-DATA.
other lines  Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional 
             lines at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.

                                         Header columns
Parameter      Format  Description notes
EXPOCODE       A12     The expedition code, assigned by the user.
SECT-ID        A7      The SBI station specification. Optional.
STNNIBR        A6      The originator's station number.
CASTNO         13      The originator's cast number.
BTLNBR         A7      The bottle identification number.
BTLNBR_FLAG_W  I1      BTLNBR quality flag.
DATE           18      Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
TIME           14      Cast time (UT) as HHMM
LATITUDE       F8.4    Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign (blank or 
                       missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd 
                       are decimal degrees. Sign is positive in 
                       northern hemisphere, negative in southern hemisphere
LONGITUDE      F9.4    Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "S" is sign (blank or 
                       missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd are 
                       decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" longitude, 
                       negative for "west" longitude
DEPTH          15      Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are "meters" 
                       and should be specified in Line 2. In general, corrected 
                       depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. Documentation 
                       accompanying data includes notes on methodology of 
                       correction. Optional.



                     Parameter names, units, and comments:
Parameter            Units         Format       Comments
CTDPRS               DB            F9.1         CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W                      I1           CTDPRS quality flag
SAMPNO                             A7           Cast number * OO+BTLNBR.
                                                Optional
CTDTMP               ITS-90        F9.4         CTD temperature, degrees C,
                                                (ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W                      I1           CTDTMP quality flag
CTDCOND              MS/CM         F9.4         CTD Conductivity,
                                                milliSiemens/centimeter
CTDCOND_FLAG_W                     I1           CTDCOND quality flag
CTDSAL                             F9.4         CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W                      I1           CTDSAL quality flag
SALNTY                             F9.4         bottle salinity
SALNTY_FLAG_W                      I1           SALNTY quality flag
SIGMA                THETA         F9.4         Sigma Theta
SIGMA_FLAG_W                       I1           Sigma Theta quality flag
CTDOXY               UMOL/KG       F9.l         CTD oxygen,
                                                micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W                      I1           CTDOXY quality flag
CTDOXY               ML/L          F9.3         CTD oxygen, milliliters/liter
CTDOXY_FLAG_W                      I1           CTDOXY quality flag
OXYGEN               UMOL/KG       F9.l         bottle oxygen
OXYGEN_FLAG_W                      I1           OXYGEN quality flag
OXYGEN               ML/L          F9.3         bottle oxygen, 
                                                milliliters/liter
OXYGEN_FLAG_W                      I1           OXYGEN quality flag
O2TEMP               DEGC          F6.l         Temperature of water from
                                                spigot during oxygen draw,
                                                degrees C
O2TEMP_FLAG_W                      I1           O2TEMP quality flag
SILCAT               UMOL/KG       F9.2         SILICATE,
                                                micromoles/kilogram
SILCAT_FLAG_W                      I1           SILCAT quality flag
SILCAT               UMOL/L        F9.2         SILCATE, micromoles/liter
SILCAT_FLAG_W                      I1           SILCAT quality flag
NITRAT               UMOL/KG       F9.2         NITRATE,
                                                micromoles/kilogram
NITRAT_FLAG_W                      I1           NITRAT quality flag
NITRAT               UMOL/L        F9.2         NITRATE, micromoles/liter
NITRAT_FLAG_W                      I1           NITRAT quality flag
NITRIT               UMOL/KG       F9.2         NITRITE, micromoles/kilogram
NITRIT_FLAG_W                      11           NITRIT quality flag
NITRIT               UMOL/L        F9.2         NITRITE, micromoles/liter
NITRIT_FLAG_W                      I1           NITRIT quality flag
PHSPHT               UMOL/KG       F9.2         PHOSPHATE,
                                                micromoles/kilogram
PHSPHT_FLAG_W                      I1           PHSPHT quality flag
PHSPHT               UMOL/L        F9.2         PHOSPHATE, micromoles/liter
PHSPHT_FLAG_W                      I1           PHSPHT quality flag
NH4                  UMOL/KG       F9.2         AMMONIUM,
                                                micromoles/kilogram
NH4_FLAG_W                         I1           NH4 quality flag
NH4                  UMOL/L        F9.2         AMMONIUM, micromoles/liter
NH4_FLAG_W                         I1           NH4 quality flag
UREA                 UMOL/KG       F9.2         UREA, micromoles/kilogram
UREA_FLAG_W                        I1           UREA quality flag
UREA                 UMOL/L        F9.2         UREA, micromoles/liter
UREA_FLAG_W                        I1           UREA quality flag
FLUORO               VOLTS         F8.3         Fluorometer, voltage
FLUOROFLAGW                        I1           Fluorometer quality flag
PAR                  VOLTS         F8.3         PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W                         I1           PAR quality flag
SPAR                 VOLTS         F8.3         Surface PAR, voltage
SPAR_FLAG_W                        I1           Surface PAR quality flag
HAARDT               VOLTS         F8.3         CDOM Fluorometer, voltage
HAARDT_FLAG_W                      I1           CDOM Fluorometer quality flag
N**                  UMOL/L        F9.2         N**, micromoles/liter
N**_FLAG_W                         I1           N** quality flag
CHLORO               UG/L          F8.2         Chlorophyll, micrograms/liter
CHLORO_FLAG_W                      I1           Chlorophyll quality flag
PHAEO                UG/L          F8.2         Phaeophytin, micrograms/liter
PHAEOFLAGW                         I1           Phaeophytin quality flag
BTL_DEP              METERS        F5.O         bottle depth, meters
BTL_LAT                            F8.4         Latitude at time of bottle 
                                                trip, decimal degrees
BTL LONG                           F9.4         Longitude at time of bottle 
                                                trip, decimal degrees
JULIAN                             F8.4         Julian day and time as 
                                                fraction of day of the bottle trip.


Quality Flags

CTD data quality flags were assigned to CTDPRS (CTD pressure), 
CTDTMP (CTD temperature), CTDCOND (CTD Conductivity), and CTDSAL (CTD salinity) 
as defined in Data Distribution, CTD Data, Quality Flags section of this 
document. CTDOXY (CTD O2), FLUORO (Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), and 
SPAR (Surface PAR) parameters are flagged with either a 2, acceptable or 9, not 
drawn. 

Bottle quality flags were assigned to the BTLNBR (bottle number) as defined in 
the WOCE Operations Manual [Joyce] with the following additional interpretations:

2  No problems noted.
3  Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect 
   on a sample is identified by a flag of 3 on the bottle and aflag of 4 on the 
   oxygen. (Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only affect 
   gas samples.)
4  Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth were 
   assigned a flag of 4. There may be no problems with the associated water 
   sample data.
9  The samples were not drawn from this bottle.

WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the water samples using the 
following criteria:

1  The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle, but the 
   results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
2  Acceptable measurement.
3  Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station profile or 
   adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data comparisons). No notes 
   from the analyst indicated a problem. The data could be acceptable, but are 
   open to interpretation.
4  Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile, adjacent stations 
   or CTD data. There were analytical notes indicating a problem, but data 
   values were reported. Sampling and analytical errors were also flagged as 4.
5  Not reported. The sample was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
9  The sample for this measurement was not drawn.

Not all of the quality flags are necessarily used on this data set.



References

Armstrong, F. A. J., Steams, C. R., and Strickland, D. H., "The 
    measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of 
    the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea Research, 
    14, pp. 381-3 89, (1967).
Bernhardt, Wilhelms A., "The continuous determination of low level iron, 
    soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer", Technicon 
    Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).
Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler 
    dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, iO,pp. 141-143 (1965).
Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R.T., and Zemlyak, F., "A 
    comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in 
    seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office (Aug 1991).
Gordon, L.I. , Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A. and J.M. Krest, "A Suggested 
    Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in 
    the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study". 
    1993. WOCE Hydrographic Programs Office, Methods Manual WHPO 91-1.
Gruber, N. and J.L. Sarmiento, "Global patterns of marine nitrogen 
    fixation and denitrification." Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11(2), pp. 235-
    266,(1997).
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Committee on 
    Oceanic Research Manual and Guides 29 Protocols for the Joint 
    Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. UNESCO, l7Opp., 
    1994.
Joyce, T. ed., and Cony, C. ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic 
    Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/913. 1,. 
    pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA (May 
    1994, Rev. 2), UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT
Patton, C.J. and Crouch, S.R., "Spectrophotometric and kinetics 
    investigation of the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammonia," 
    Analytical Chemistry, 49(3), pp.464-469 1977.
Sea-Bird Electronics, mc, CTD Data Acquisition Software Manual, March 2001
Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., CTD Operating and Repair Manual, February 2002
























APPENDIX A Station Tabulation

         USCGC HEALY HLY-02-O1 SBI Process 1 5-May-2002 to 15-June-2002

CAST TYPE:
 ROS= Hydrographic
 BIO= Bio-Markers
 PRO= Productivity
 RAD= Radium
 ZOO= Zooplankton
 CTD= CTD only, no samples
                                                                      Max   Max   
                                                                Dist  Samp  Samp  
Stn  Cst              Cst                                 Btm   Abov  Dpth  Dpth  
Nbr  Nbr    Date      Type  Latitude    Longitude   Time  Dpth  Btm   Btl   CTD   Remarks
---  ---  ----------  ---- ----------  -----------  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  -------------
 0    1   8-May-2002  ROS  64 59.01 N  169 07.66 W  1917    47    5    42    42  
 0    2   8-May-2002  BlO  65 00.79 N  169 03.04 W  2232    21    8    13    41  
 0    3   9-May-2002  ROS  65 01.91 N  169 03.06 W  0027    49    6    43    43  
 1    1  10-May-2002  ROS  67 27.47 N  168 53.10 W  0601    49    3    45    45  
 1    2  10-May-2002  RAD  67 28.85 N  168 49.84 W  0844    49    7    42    42  
 1    3  10-May-2002  BlO  67 30.40 N  168 45.72 W  1357    49   37    12    12  
 1    4  10-May-2002  PRO  67 30.37 N  168 52.47 W  1718    50   33    17    17  
 2    1  12-May-2002  ROS  70 37.96 N  167 27.50 W  1846    50    4    46    46  
 2    2  12-May-2002  BlO  70 38.23 N  167 24.59 W  2109    51    9    42    42  
 2    3  12-May-2002  RAD  70 38.34 N  167 23.39 W  2235    51   10    41    41  
 3    1  14-May-2002  ROS  71 55.09 N  166 15.25 W  1635    45    3    42    42  
 3    2  14-May-2002  CTD  71 53.95 N  166 10.18 W  1955    45    9    36    36  
 3    3  14-May-2002  PRO  71 53.39 N  166 07.96 W  2125    45    8    36    36  
 3    4  14-May-2002  RAD  71 52.68 N  166 05.26 W  2324    45    4    41    41  
 4    1  15-May-2002  PRO  71 37.02 N  165 59.99 W  1919    43    7    36    36  
 5    1  17-May-2002  ROS  72 42.44 N  161 14.28 W  0454    50    4    46    46  
 5    2  17-May-2002  RAD  72 42.72 N  161 14.32 W  0650    48    2    46    46  
 6    1  17-May-2002  PRO  72 55.22 N  160 31.26 W  1721    71   11    60    60  
 6    2  17-May-2002  ROS  72 55.27 N  160 30.63 W  1851    73    4    69    69  
 6    3  18-May-2002  RAD  72 53.78 N  160 34.84 W  0213    62    3    56    59  
 7    1  18-May-2002  ROS  73 02.16 N  160 23.05 W  0849   164    3   161   161  
 7    2  18-May-2002  RAD  73 01.88 N  160 25.74 W  1350   151    4    96   147  
 7    3  18-May-2002  RAD  73 01.86 N  160 27.09 W  1520   149    5   144   144  
 7    4  18-May-2002  PRO  73 01.98 N  160 28.76 W  1716   149    5   140   144  
 8    1  19-May-2002  ROS  73 14.81 N  160 00.48 W  0210   548    6   542   543  
 8    2  19-May-2002  RAD  73 15.23 N  160 03.71 W  0443   691  -99   249   249  
 8    3  19-May-2002  RAD  73 15.52 N  160 05.34 W  0601  -999  -99   139   249  
 9    1  19-May-2002  PRO  73 16.90 N  160 07.59 W  1843  1151  -99    60   102  
 9    2  19-May-2002  ZOO  73 17.66 N  160 09.82 W  2033  1173  -99    12    12  
 9    3  19-May-2002  ROS  73 18.62 N  160 12.04 W  2247  1150    8  1142  1144  
 9    4  20-May-2002  ROS  73 19.45 N  160 13.28 W  0054  1211  -99   202   202  
 9    5  20-May-2002  BlO  73 20.22 N  160 14.80 W  0303  1160  171   990   997  
 9    6  20-May-2002  RAD  73 20.56 N  160 21.31 W  0611  1176  -99   101   252  
 9    7  20-May-2002  RAD  73 21.06 N  160 22.24 W  0728  1163  -99   200   252  
10    1  20-May-2002  PRO  73 26.93 N  159 50.17 W  1927  1894  -99   100   101  
10    2  20-May-2002  ROS  73 25.86 N  159 44.32 W  2221  1950  -99   202   203  
10    3  21-May-2002  ROS  73 26.37 N  159 44.92 W  0050  1918    8  1908  1910  
10    4  21-May-2002  BlO  73 26.57 N  159 45.66 W  0324  1927  -99   502   504  

CAST TYPE:
 ROS= Hydrographic
 BIO= Bio-Markers
 PRO= Productivity
 RAD= Radium
 ZOO= Zooplankton
 CTD= CTD only, no samples
                                                                      Max   Max   
                                                                Dist  Samp  Samp  
Stn  Cst              Cst                                 Btm   Abov  Dpth  Dpth  
Nbr  Nbr    Date      Type  Latitude    Longitude   Time  Dpth  Btm   Btl   CTD   Remarks
---  ---  ----------  ---- ----------  -----------  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  -------------
10    5  21-May-2002  RAD  73 26.58 N  159 46.52 W  0453  1919  -99   199   252  
10    6  21-May-2002  RAD  73 26.62 N  159 47.39 W  0613  1908  -99   100   259  
11    1  21-May-2002  PRO  73 36.66 N  159 33.39 W  1835  2516  -99  -999  -999   CTD Data lost
11    2  21-May-2002  PRO  73 36.48 N  159 34.44 W  1920  2524  -99   100   100  
11    3  22-May-2002  ROS  73 44.68 N  158 57.13 W  0349  3057   19  3038  3038  
11    4  22-May-2002  ROS  73 45.05 N  158 58.81 W  0646  3125  -99   200   302  
11    5  22-May-2002  RAD  73 45.40 N  159 00.59 W  0850  3124  -99   249   252  
11    6  22-May-2002  BIO  73 45.64 N  159 01.44 W  0953  3124  -99   149   252  
12    1  23-May-2002  ROS  73 26.34 N  157 32.34 W  1106  2850   19  2831  2832  
12    2  23-May-2002  ROS  73 26.60 N  157 33.30 W  1348  2834  -99   228   247  
12    3  23-May-2002  PRO  73 26.85 N  157 34.17 W  1655  2857  -99   140   142  
12    4  23-May-2002  RAD  73 27.01 N  157 35.09 W  1848  2852  -99   253   253  
12    5  23-May-2002  BIO  73 27.32 N  157 36.70 W  2106  2808  -99  2461  2499  
12    6  23-May-2002  RAD  73 27.94 N  157 38.65 W  2356  2809  -99    46   252  
12    7  24-May-2002  RAD  73 28.21 N  157 39.23 W  0105  2855  -99   218   253  
13    1  24-May-2002  PRO  73 20.21 N  158 11.31 W  1824  2379  -99   100   502  
14    1  25-May-2002  ROS  73 05.91 N  158 09.15 W  0426  2140    8  2133  2134  
14    2  25-May-2002  ROS  73 05.58 N  158 09.91 W  0703  2150  -99   224   302  
14    3  25-May-2002  RAD  73 05.46 N  158 10.60 W  0851  2138  -99   299   302  
14    4  25-May-2002  PRO  73 05.77 N  158 12.43 W  1636  2163  -99   149   152  
14    5  25-May-2002  RAD  73 05.68 N  158 12.66 W  1817  2157  -99   249   256  
14    6  25-May-2002  RAD  73 05.62 N  158 13.07 W  1931  2152  -99   150   267  
15    1  26-May-2002  CTD  73 02.14 N  157 56.33 W  1005  2031  -99  -999   498  
16    1  27-May-2002  ROS  72 52.50 N  158 16.67 W  0031  1080   45  1035  1037  
16    2  27-May-2002  ROS  72 51.54 N  158 17.55 W  0305  993   -99   200   299  
16    3  27-May-2002  BlO  72 51.97 N  158 19.29 W  0507  1086  -99   595   601  
16    4  27-May-2002  RAD  72 52.23 N  158 20.53 W  0639  1068  -99   297   303  
16    5  27-May-2002  RAD  72 52.36 N  158 21.29 W  0738  1017  -99   253   254  
17    1  27-May-2002  PRO  72 51.05 N  158 29.35 W  1752   424  -99   139   202  
17    2  27-May-2002  ZOO  72 50.89 N  158 30.45 W  1940   398  -99    31   102  
17    3  27-May-2002  ROS  72 51.98 N  158 33.60 W  2134   437    8   429   430  
17    4  27-May-2002  BIO  72 51.85 N  158 35.10 W  2340   407  159   248   303  
17    5  28-May-2002  RAD  72 51.79 N  158 35.95 W  0052   406  -99   135   252  
17    6  28-May-2002  RAD  72 51.75 N  158 36.90 W  0214   381  129   253   254  
18    1  28-May-2002  ROS  72 44.73 N  158 36.98 W  1538   229    3   226   227  
18    2  28-May-2002  ROS  72 44.61 N  158 37.12 W  1648   229    3   226   227  
18    3  28-May-2002  PRO  72 44.42 N  158 37.39 W  1846   226  106   119   123  
18    4  29-May-2002  RAD  72 44.99 N  158 42.90 W  0141   217    3   214   214  
18    5  29-May-2002  RAD  72 45.18 N  158 44.11 W  0248   216   57   159   206  
19    1  29-May-2002  PRO  72 36.36 N  158 45.36 W  1629    90    9    81    81  
19    2  29-May-2002  ROS  72 36.44 N  158 47.53 W  1802    86    6    81    81  

CAST TYPE:
 ROS= Hydrographic
 BIO= Bio-Markers
 PRO= Productivity
 RAD= Radium
 ZOO= Zooplankton
 CTD= CTD only, no samples
                                                                      Max   Max   
                                                                Dist  Samp  Samp  
Stn  Cst              Cst                                 Btm   Abov  Dpth  Dpth  
Nbr  Nbr    Date      Type  Latitude    Longitude   Time  Dpth  Btm   Btl   CTD   Remarks
---  ---  ----------  ---- ----------  -----------  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  -------------
19    3  29-May-2002  RAD  72 36.39 N  158 50.11 W  1955    75    6    69    70  
20    1  30-May-2002  CTD  72 27.51 N  159 26.87 W  0820    49    4    46    46  
21    1  30-May-2002  CTD  72 20.41 N  159 42.89 W  1114    48    4    44    44  
22    1  30-May-2002  PRO  72 14.57 N  159 47.34 W  1621    46    3    43    43  
22    2  30-May-2002  ZOO  72 14.53 N  159 48.54 W  1747    45    3    18    42  
22    3  30-May-2002  ROS  72 14.48 N  159 49.48 W  1856    46    3    43    43  
22    4  30-May-2002  RAD  72 14.39 N  159 51.21 W  2053    46    4    42    42  
22    5  31-May-2002  BIO  72 14.35 N  159 59.75 W  0502    44   42     2    36  
23    1   1-Jun-2002  PRO  71 24.35 N  158 07.59 W  1652    92    4    85    88  
24    1   2-Jun-2002  ROS  71 48.78 N  155 41.09 W  1535   103    3    99   100  
24    2   2-Jun-2002  PRO  71 49.15 N  155 42.87 W  1752   107    3    95   104  
24    3   2-Jun-2002  ZOO  71 49.22 N  155 43.54 W  1910    99   17    81    82  
24    4   2-Jun-2002  RAD  71 49.27 N  155 44.44 W  2106    97    5    92    92  
25    1   3-Jun-2002  CTD  71 43.00 N  155 24.89 W  0658   188    4  -999   184  
26    1   3-Jun-2002  PRO  71 33.29 N  154 33.66 W  1615    37    8    28    30  
27    1   4-Jun-2002  ROS  71 29.69 N  153 53.91 W  0746    50    2    45    48  
27    2   4-Jun-2002  ZOO  71 29.69 N  153 53.92 W  0931    49    5    11    44  
27    3   4-Jun-2002  RAD  71 29.66 N  153 53.95 W  1029    49    4    33    45  
28    1   4-Jun-2002  PRO  71 42.33 N  154 13.13 W  1626    51    5    46    46  
29    1   4-Jun-2002  ROS  71 46.75 N  154 24.10 W  2001   121    4   118   118  
30    1   5-Jun-2002  ROS  71 49.97 N  154 37.51 W  0026   181    4   176   176  
31    1   5-Jun-2002  ROS  71 55.68 N  154 49.31 W  0430   399    6   393   392  
31    2   5-Jun-2002  BlO  71 55.68 N  154 49.87 W  0623   420  168   209   252  
31    3   5-Jun-2002  RAD  71 55.68 N  154 50.28 W  0738   456  153   303   303  
31    4   5-Jun-2002  RAD  71 55.69 N  154 50.62 W  0837   496  199   199   296  
31    5   5-Jun-2002  PRO  71 56.94 N  154 56.00 W  1802   342    6   139   336  
32    1   6-Jun-2002  ROS  72 04.35 N  154 27.99 W  0150  1311   10  1300  1302  
32    2   6-Jun-2002  ROS  72 04.98 N  154 28.65 W  0431  1464  -99   174   203   No samples
32    3   6-Jun-2002  BlO  72 05.46 N  154 28.14 W  0606  1475  -99   301   301  
32    4   6-Jun-2002  RAD  72 05.79 N  154 28.71 W  0722  1520  -99   175   253  
32    5   6-Jun-2002  RAD  72 06.08 N  154 29.02 W  0831  1554  -99   252   252  
32    6   6-Jun-2002  ROS  72 06.35 N  154 29.29 W  0937  1578  -99   169   202  
32    7   6-Jun-2002  PRO  72 07.59 N  154 29.28 W  1624  1674  -99   140   201  
32    8   6-Jun-2002  ZOO  72 07.81 N  154 29.18 W  1852  1690  -99    51    52  
33    1   7-Jun-2002  ROS  72 11.24 N  154 23.77 W  0759  1805   10  1795  1795  
33    2   7-Jun-2002  ROS  72 11.22 N  154 22.49 W  1031  1910  -99   199   302  
33    3   7-Jun-2002  RAD  72 11.39 N  154 21.36 W  1219  1958  -99   165   304  
33    4   7-Jun-2002  RAD  72 11.48 N  154 20.23 W  1332  1995  -99   301   301  
33    5   7-Jun-2002  BlO  72 11.49 N  154 18.90 W  1452  2066  -99  1579  1599  
33    6   7-Jun-2002  PRO  72 11.36 N  154 17.41 W  1642  2132  -99   140   192  
33    7   7-Jun-2002  ZOO  72 11.15 N  154 16.64 W  1803  1975  -99    11    11  

CAST TYPE:
 ROS= Hydrographic
 BIO= Bio-Markers
 PRO= Productivity
 RAD= Radium
 ZOO= Zooplankton
 CTD= CTD only, no samples
                                                                      Max   Max   
                                                                Dist  Samp  Samp  
Stn  Cst              Cst                                 Btm   Abov  Dpth  Dpth  
Nbr  Nbr    Date      Type  Latitude    Longitude   Time  Dpth  Btm   Btl   CTD   Remarks
---  ---  ----------  ---- ----------  -----------  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  -------------
34    1   8-Jun-2002  PRO  72 32.06 N  154 29.97 W  1837  2936  -99   139   201  
34    2   8-Jun-2002  ROS  72 32.84 N  154 33.34 W  2215  2928   17  2911  2911  
34    3   9-Jun-2002  ROS  72 33.32 N  154 34.28 W  0119  2929  -99   223   302  
34    4   9-Jun-2002  BlO  72 33.54 N  154 34.44 W  0311  2922  -99   495   603  
34    5   9-Jun-2002  RAD  72 33.61 N  154 34.54 W  0422  2920  -99   101   303  
34    6   9-Jun-2002  RAD  72 33.63 N  154 34.71 W  0523  2907  -99   199   303  
35    1  10-Jun-2002  ROS  72 11.05 N  155 02.88 W  0039  1012    2  1007  1010  
36    1  10-Jun-2002  PRO  71 53.57 N  155 40.18 W  1651   125   12   101   113  
37    1  11-Jun-2002  ROS  71 39.03 N  155 45.51 W  0351   183    3   179   180  
37    2  11-Jun-2002  BIO  71 39.00 N  155 45.79 W  0539   176   24   150   152  
37    3  11-Jun-2002  RAD  71 38.98 N  155 45.83 W  0641   179    6   149   172  
37    4  11-Jun-2002  RAD  71 38.96 N  155 45.83 W  0739   176    9   149   167  
38    1  12-Jun-2002  ZOO  71 33.00 N  156 12.02 W  0104   168    8    19   160  
39    1  12-Jun-2002  ROS  71 24.22 N  157 11.22 W  1351   119    4   114   115  
39    2  12-Jun-2002  ROS  71 24.38 N  157 11.41 W  1607   122   22    99    99  
39    3  12-Jun-2002  RAD  71 24.49 N  157 11.50 W  1744   122    7   100   115  
                       






















APPENDIX B: BOTTLE QUALITY COMMENTS

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PT data comments, and WOCE 
codes other than 2 from SBI Process HLY-02-01. Comments from the Sample 
Logs and the results of ODF's investigations are included in this report. 
Investigation of data may include comparison of bottle salinity and 
oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots of the station profile 
and adjoining stations, and rereading of charts (i.e. nutrients). Units 
stated in these comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical 
Salinity Units for salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per 
liter for oxygen and micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, 
Phosphate and Urea and Ammounium, if appropriate. The first number before 
the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number 
(BTLNBR).


Station 000.001
104 SampleLog: "Leaking report by DOC/DON." Data is acceptable. 
105 Possible problems in oxygen analyses, new reagents, high room T, etc. 
    Oxygen looks high relative to CTD. Code oxygen bad. 
108 SampleLog: "Bottle leaked." Data is acceptable. 
109 Possible problems in oxygen analyses, new reagents, high room T, etc. 
    Oxygen looks high, lab temp high, possible bubbles in reagents. Code oxygen 
    bad. Sample Log: "Air leak (leak with valve open, air vent closed)." Data 
    is acceptable. 
112 Sample Log: "Large spigot difficult to line up vertical orientation." 
    Data is acceptable. 

Station 000.003
301 SampleLog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled. 

Station 001.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Yo Yoed bottles to encourage flushing." Data are 
    acceptable. 108 Samplelog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not 
    trip as scheduled. 109 Samplelog: "Air leak, airvent not closed." Data 
    are acceptable. 

Station 001.003
308 Samplelog: "Bottle leaked." Data is acceptable. 

Station 001.004
401 Samplelog: "No trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled.
406 Samplelog: "Slight drip." Data are acceptable. 

Station 002.001
103-110 Salinity was not drawn.
111 Samplelog: "Collar cracked on small spigot." Data are acceptable.
112 Salinity has not drawn. 

Station 002.002
209 Samplelog: "Bottle had a slight leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 002.003
301 Samplelog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled. 

Station 003.001
101-112 Sample log: "Gantry broke, took >10 mm to get rosette in bay." Water 
    froze in bottles so aborted O2 and salt per PT. Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 003.004
401 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Bottle and samples are acceptable.
407 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Bottle and samples are acceptable. 

Station 004.001
401-412 Sample log: "Ship had to maneuver during cast." Data are acceptable.
406 Samplelog: "Leaking - reported by CHL." Bottle and samples are acceptable. 

Station 005.001
109 Samplelog: "Loose vent leaking." Data are acceptable. 

Station 006.001
101 SampleLog: "Small leak." Data are acceptable.
101-112 Sample Log: "Did not yo-yo bottles for flush. Bottles were soaked at 
    trip depth for 1 mm. Salts taken to check flushing." Data are acceptable.
103 SampleLog: "Leaked form spigot when vented." Data are acceptable.
112 SampleLog: "Leak when top vent cracked, from bottom cap." Data are acceptable. 

Station 006.002
204 Samplelog: "02 redrawn." Oxygen is acceptable.
208 Samplelog: "Salt big spigot." Salinity is acceptable. 

Station 007.003
301-312 Salinity differences high and variable, very high gradients. Leave as 
    is. 

Station 007.004
401-412 Sample log: "Did not "yo-yo" on prod cast." 

Station 008.001
112 Samplelog: "Cut bottom 0-ring." Data are acceptable. 

Station 008.002
201-212 No salts drawn. 

Station 009.003
309 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 009.004
404 Samplelog: "Bottle large spigot dripping." Data are acceptable. 

Station 010.001
108 SampleLog: "Small leak on small spigot before venting." Data are acceptable. 

Station 010.002
101-112 Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 010.004
407 SampleLog: "Leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 010.005
501 SiO3 questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problems."
507 Samplelog: "mistripped at 200m - operator error." Data are acceptable.
508 Sample Log: "First at 150m." Data are acceptable. SiO3 questionable, 
    possibly lower precision, molybdate problems." 

Station 010.006
603 SIO3 questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problem. 610 SiO3 
    questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problems. 

Station 011.002
201 SiO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to baseline 
    issues.
203-204 SiO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to 
    baseline issues.
208-209 SIO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to 
    baseline issues. 
211-212 SIO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to 
    baseline issues. 

Station 011.003
307 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
309 Samplelog: "Leaks." Data are acceptable.

Station 011.004
407 Samplelog: "Slight drip from spigot on venting." Data are acceptable.

Station 012.001
103 Sample Log: "Repaired with new PVC patches to cover bolts to replace 
    old white patches before this cast during a 10 hr down period." Data are 
    acceptable.
104 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom endcap- large leak. 0-ring changed after 
    cast." Data are acceptable.
106 Samplelog: "See 106 comment." Data are acceptable. 

Station 012.004
401 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
403 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
404 SampleLog: "Leaking." Data are acceptable. 

Station 012.007
702 Nutssample originally reported as from NB 4 in HYDNTJ file
708 Nutssample originally reported as from cast 6 in HYDNU file 

Station 014.001
101 Sample log: "Cap on O2 flask 1161 slightly loose when reshaken. Oxygen is 
    acceptable.
104 Phosphate in this sample looks a little high. No obvious problem. Leave as 
    is.
107 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
109 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 014.002
201-212 Salinity was not drawn. 
212 Samplelog: "Air leak (Probable cause- loose air vent)." Data are acceptable. 

Station 015.001
101-112 No water samples were taken. 

Station 016.001
101 SampleLog: "Tiny leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
104 SampleLog: "Bottom leak." Data are acceptable.
106 SampleLog: "Big time leak- vent open." Data are acceptable.
107 SampleLog: "Small leak." Data are acceptable.
108 SampleLog: "Tiny leak." Data are acceptable.
109 SampleLog: "Vent leak also." Data are acceptable. 

Station 016.002
101 SampleLog: "Slight leak in spigot." Data are acceptable.
101-108 Salinity was not drawn.
107 SampleLog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
109 SampleLog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 016.004
405 First bottle tripped in series of 8 bottles. CTD salinity different by 0.011 
    from subsequent trips. Possibly incomplete flushing at time of first trip. 
    Leave as is. 

Station 017.001
101-112 Sample log: "Not enough water for dup Chl." Data appear acceptable. 

Station 017.003
301 Silicate is anomalously high. No apparent errors in analyses, processing, 
    etc. Leave as is for now. Phosphate seems a little high. See comments for 
    silicate.
301-312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
309 Samplelog: "Significant leak with vent closed." Data are acceptable. 

Station 017.004
401-412 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 017.006
603 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
608 Samplelog: "No water from Bottle 8- Spout fell off." 611 Auto analyzer 
    error, urea lost. 

Station 018.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Cast aborted on way up because an ice floe made it unsafe 
    to continue the cast." 

Station 018.002
201-212 PAR sensor cap was left on. No PAR data. Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 018.003
310 NH4value high, AA peak is normal. Contamination? Code NH4 questionable. Urea 
    value high, AA peak is normal. Contamination? Code urea questionable. 

Station 019.001
109 SampleLog: "Air leak, O2 redrawn." Oxygen is acceptable. 

Station 019.002
202 Samplelog: "Empty after Pb210." Data are acceptable. 

Station 022.001
104 Samplelog: "Leaking from bottom on vent, bottom did not seat." Data 
    are acceptable. 

Station 022.002
204 Samplelog: "Leaking, spewing on venting. Did not reseat this time." 

Station 022.003
301 Sample log: "Leaking from spigot, flowing when vented. Air leak at top." 
    Data are acceptable. 

Station 024.002
201 Sample log: "Nuts drew before O2 (should not be a problem)." Oxygen is 
    acceptable. 210 Samplelog: "Leak from bottom end cap after O2 draw." Data 
    are acceptable. 

Station 024.003
301 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost. 

Station 024.004
405 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost. 

Station 026.001
101-112 Bottles were tripped off by 1; 2 was deep, 1 was shallow. 

Station 027.001
101 Samplelog: "Only 14 liters on (Cesium sample, by R. Nelson)."
101-112 Bottles were tripped off by 1; 2 was deep, 1 was shallow." Data are 
    acceptable as reported. 

Station 029.001
101 SampleLog: "Leaking with air vent closed - heavy leak." Data are acceptable.
110 SampleLog: "Small leak from bottom cap." Data are acceptable. 

Station 030.001
101 SampleLog: "Leaking (Strong Leak)." Data are acceptable. 

Station 031.001
101 SampleLog: "Still leaking - check bolts." Data are acceptable.

Station 032.001
101 Sample Log: "spigot - vent leak." (NOTE: following this cast, ODF bottle 1 
    was replaced with USCG bottle 9. The ODF bottle was found to have cracks in 
    area of bolts to metal backplate.) Data are acceptable. 
102 SampleLog: "Bottom cap- check." Data are acceptable.
107 SampleLog: "Spigot - vent small leak." Data are acceptable. 

Station 032.004
406 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 412 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 032.005
503 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
507 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 032.006
601-612 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
609 SampleLog: "Air vent left open." Data are acceptable. 

Station 032.008
808 SampleLog: "Top valve was not closed." Data are acceptable. 

Station 033.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Jellyfish on rosette; pulled strings off 1 and 12." Data 
    are acceptable. 

Station 033.007
705 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom. Nuts drawn first; was not leaking then." 
    Data are acceptable. 

Station 034.003
308 SampleLog: "Small spigot hole small drip." Data are acceptable. 

Station 034.004
10 1-112 PAR sensor cap was left on. No PAR data. 

Station 035.001
101-112 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. Salinity was not drawn. 

Station 036.001
101 Samplelog: "Bact opened bottle before O2 drawn." Oxygen is acceptable.
101-110 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 037.001
101-112 Sample log: "Ship maneuvering before cast - ice. Rushed though tripping 
    a bit last 2-3 bottles - ice, but yo-yoed." Data are acceptable. 
    Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 037.003
301-302 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 311-312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 037.004
406-407 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 039.001
101-112 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
110 Samplelog: "Leaking after O2 draw, reseated then stopped." Data are 
    acceptable. 

Station 039.002
203-212 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 

Station 039.003
301 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.

























                                    ADDENDUM


ADDITIONAL PRECISION AND ACCURACY NOTES FOR NUTRIENT AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Data: 2002 SBI (Western Arctic Shelf Basin Interactions) Process Experiment
Cruises (HLY 02-01 & HLY 02-03)

                                L.A. Codispoti*

  University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 775,
              Cambridge, MD 21613, USA, codispot@hpl.umces.edu




Introduction:

This document provides supplementary information about the 
precision and accuracy of the hydrographic nutrient and dissolved oxygen 
data collected during the SBI (Western Arctic ShelfBasin Interactions) 
2002 process cruises (HLY 02-01, HLY 02-03). The material herein 
supplements comments submitted with the Service Team Activity Reports for 
cruises HLY 02-01 and HLY 02-03, and the comments on methods in Codispoti 
et al. (2005). The Service Team Activity Report for each cruise discusses 
the procedures employed, the purity of standards, etc. in considerable 
detail.


Precision of the Dissolved Oxygen Analyses:

Examination of data from Niskin bottles tripped in mixed surface 
layers or in layers of uniform concentration suggest that the 
precision of our results (including sample collection and "pickling" 
errors) is ± 0.01 mIll (± 0.45 µM).


Precision of Nutrient Analyses:

Comparisons of nitrite samples drawn from Niskin bottles tripped at 
the same depth suggests that the within-run precision of the nitrite 
analyses is better than ± 0.01 µM. Station to station baseline 
variability could introduce an additional uncertainty of 0.01 µM. During 
HLY 02-01, determinations of the silicate concentration of a deep water 
"check" sample during 38 separate autoanalyzer runs over a three week 
period gave an average of 10.8 µM and a standard deviation of 0.2 µM. 
During HLY 02-03 two deep water "check" samples were used. The first 
lasted almost one month, and the average of 72 runs was 10.2 µM. with a 
standard deviation of 0.2 µM. The second was used for one week, and the 
average value over 17 runs was 10.0 µM with a standard deviation of 0.1 
tM. To estimate run-to-run and cruise-to-cruise precision for nitrate and 
phosphate, nitrate and phosphate values from 18 samples collected between 
2200 - 3300 db where vertical gradients were weak were examined. Seven of 
these samples were collected during HLY 02-01 and the remaining 11 were 
collected during HLY 02-03. Since there should be some natural 
variability and since this comparison includes sampling error, these 
samples should give a robust estimate of precision. The average nitrate 
value was 14.77 µM with a standard deviation of 0.13 µM. The average 
phosphate value was 1.05 µM with a standard deviation of 0.01 µM.

Within-run precision of the ammonium and urea analyses was 
generally better than ± 0.05 µM, but the accuracy and precision of these 
methods suffers from, the relative instability of these methods, the 
labile nature of ammonium and urea, variation in ammonium baselines, and 
refractive index effects, we suggest that differences of less than 0.2 
µM in ammonium and urea concentrations may not be significant. Because 
the refractive index of sea-water increases linearly with salinity and 
because there can be salt effects in some analyses, standards were 
prepared in a low nutrient sea-water matrices with salinities ranging 
from 30 to 34, depending on the source of the low nutrient sea water. 
During HLY 02-01, salinities ranged between 29-35, and maximum refractive 
index errors arising from deviations between matrix salinity and sample 
salinity would be approximately 0.03 for ammonium, 0.02 µM for nitrate, 
0.01 µM for nitrite, 0.01 µM for phosphate, 0.2 µM for silicate, and 
0.05 µM for urea. During HLY 02-03 customized refractive index 
corrections were applied to samples with salinities <29, so the maximum 
refractive index errors should be similar for both cruises.


Acknowledgements

These data would not exist were it not for the dedication of the 
men and women who serve on the USCGC Healy and for the leadership of the 
chief scientists (J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper). The members of the 
hydrographic team that produced the data were: Carney Cheng, Emily 
Cooper, John Gunn, Erik Haberkern, Doug Masten, Robert Palomares, Kristin 
Sanborn, Dean Stockwell, and Bob Williams. The help provided by Steve 
Roberts and Greg Stossmeister of the Joint Office for Science Support 
(JOSS) is also deeply appreciated. Finally, we are grateful for the 
financial support provided by the Office of Polar Programs at the 
National Science Foundation via Arctic System Science Program grant 
0PP0125399 to J.H. Swift.

Reference:

Codispoti, L.A., Flagg, C., Kelly, V, Swift, J.H., 2005. Hydrographic 
    conditions during the 2002 SBI process experiments. Deep-Sea Research 11 
    52:3199-3226.



CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Event Date  Person      Date Type  Summary 
----------  ----------  ---------  ------------------------------------------
2010-02-19  Muus, Dave  BTL/SUM    Data online 
notes for USCGC HEALY SBI-I    Expocode 32H120020505      20100218/dm

1. Original file 32H120020505_hy1.csv taken from the CARINA project group on the CCHDO website
   Received as 32H120020505.esc.csv from Bob Key Jan 30, 2009.

2. Original file has same position for all casts on each station and no times.
   Used ODF stacst file to enter individual cast postitions and times.

3. ODF data has Expocode 32H1HLY0201.
   CARINA data has Expocode 32H120020505.
   CCHDO website has Expocode 32H120020507 for the Place-Holder for this cruise as of this date.
   Principal Investigators' Cruise Report gives cruise dates as 5 May to 15 June, 2002.

   USED the CARINA Expocode (32H120020505) for these data since it is in the proper format and is in 
     the most widely distributed data set.

4. CARINA data has no Section ID. Used Section IDs given in the ODF data.

5. Aliases for this cruise include HLY-02-01, SBI I, HL0201, HEALY0201, HLY0201.

6. Parameters Names and Units:

   Changed AMMONI to NH4 - to match CCHDO Parameter List

   Changed DEL018 Units from 0/00 to /MILLE - to match CCHDO Parameter List

   Changed POC decimal format to xx.xxx - Original has up to 5 decimal places.

   Changed PON decimal format to x.xxx  - Original has up to 5 decimal places.

   Changed CTDPRS units from DBARS to DBAR.

   Changed RA-226 and RA-228 units from DPM/100KG to DM/.1MG

   Temporarily removed:
   - RA-226E
   - RA-228E
   - RA-8/6
   - RA-8/6E
   - UREA
   - LIGNIN
   - PHAEO
   - FLUORO
   - HAARDT
   - PAR
   They may be merged later after parameter description issues are resolved.

7. Removed Radium only samples. The missing values, CTDTMP etc all showed up on JOA as zero rather than -999s
   Anyone specifically interested in Radium should use the CARINA file.  No times or positions are given in ODF data.

    ExpoCode 32H120020505  USCGC HEALY  SBI I  May 5-June 15, 2002  20091217CCHDOSIODM Radium Only Casts                  
    STNNBR  CASTNO  SAMPNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  CTDTMP  CTDSAL  SALNTY  CTDOXY  OXYGEN  RA-226  RA-228
                                      DBAR  ITS-90  PSS-78  PSS-78 UMOL/KG UMOL/KG UMOL/KG UMOL/KG 
                           *******                 ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* 
         0       4      99      99     5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0   14.07    6.51  
         1       5      99      99     5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.79    4.15  
         2       4      99      99     5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.79    7.08  
         3       5      99      99     5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.99    5.45  
         5       3      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.79    7.37  
         6       4      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    8.63    7.69  
         7       5      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.01    4.55  
         8       4      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    8.26    5.55  
         9       8      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.55    3.12  
        10       7      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.64    3.05  
        11       7      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    4.94    3.23  
        12       8      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    5.71    3.46  
        14       7      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.78    3.36  
        16       6      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.15    3.85  
        17       7      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.72    4.13  
        18       6      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.06    3.44  
        19       4      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.31    5.78  
        22       6      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.41    7.29  
        24       5      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.29    4.38  
        27       4      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    8.72    9.01  
        31       6      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.70    4.88  
        31       9      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    8.17    6.28  
        32       8      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.04    4.38  
        34       7      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    8.33    3.11  
        37       5      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    7.07    5.26  
        39       4      99      99     7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000    -9.0    -9.0    6.17    6.64 

8. Original file with samples ordered by pressure on each station could not be properly read by JOA 
     because of the many casts on each station.
   The data file was resorted by Station, Cast, and Pressure and are now readable by JOA but still 
     have minor problems when the multiple casts are merged for each station.
   JOA is being modified to correct this problem.

9. Some missing values have quality flag 2 and some apparently good values have quality flag 9 or 5.
   Missing value flag "2"s changed to "9"s and apparently good value flag "9"s changed to "2"s.

                                                  OLD  NEW
  STNNBR  CASTNO  SAMPNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS     POC FLAG FLAG
       1       1       4       4    31.7  23.671   9    2
       1       1       5       5    26.5  23.857   9    2
       1       1       6       6    16.5  23.143   9    2
       1       1       7       7    16.5  22.869   9    2
       1       1       9       9    11.6  22.234   9    2
       1       1      10      10     6.6  23.466   9    2
       1       1      11      11     6.6  24.463   9    2
       1       1      12      12     2.4  23.388   9    2
       2       1       2       2    47.0  17.140   9    2
       2       1       4       4    43.1  17.238   9    2
       2       1       5       5    31.7  18.157   9    2
       2       1       6       6    21.6  16.075   9    2
       2       1       9       9    16.6  15.752   9    2
       2       1      10      10    11.6  15.918   9    2
       2       1      11      11     6.4  17.395   9    2
       3       1       2       2    42.4  20.143   9    2
       3       1       3       3    42.4  19.586   9    2
       3       1       4       4    31.2  19.029   9    2
       3       1       5       5    26.6  19.910   9    2
       5       1       1       1    46.3  17.368   9    2
       5       1       9       9    16.8  15.542   9    2
       5       1      11      11    11.9  14.273   9    2
      22       3       1       1    43.1  15.522   9    2
      31       5      10      10     7.5  10.213   9    2
      31       5      11      11     1.9   8.881   9    2
      32       1       1       1  1317.6  14.764   9    2
      32       1       2       2  1001.4  15.145   9    2
      32       1       3       3   801.1  14.491   9    2
      32       1       4       4   701.1  14.071   9    2
      32       1       5       5   601.8  14.637   9    2
      33       1       1       1  1821.1  15.124   9    2
      33       1       2       2  1501.4  15.261   9    2
      33       1       3       3  1201.0  14.178   9    2
      33       1       4       4   901.3  13.826   9    2
      33       1       5       5   751.8  14.022   9    2
      34       2       2       2  2501.7  15.944   9    2
      34       2       3       3  2002.1  15.105   9    2
      34       2       4       4  1501.8  14.100   9    2
      34       2       5       5  1201.4  13.983   9    2
      34       2       7       7   701.4  14.852   9    2

  STNNBR  CASTNO  SAMPNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS    PON OLDF NEWF
       1       1       4       4    31.7  5.162   9    2
       1       1       5       5    26.5  5.387   9     2
       1       1       6       6    16.5  4.732   9    2
       1       1       7       7    16.5  4.527   9    2
       1       1       9       9    11.6  4.038   9    2
       1       1      10      10     6.6  5.319   9    2
       1       1      11      11     6.6  6.375   9    2
       1       1      12      12     2.4  5.290   9    2
       2       1       2       2    47.0  3.129   9    2
       2       1       4       4    43.1  3.275   9    2
       2       1       5       5    31.7  4.204   9    2

       2       1       6       6    21.6  2.484   9    2
       2       1       9       9    16.6  2.268   9    2
       2       1      10      10    11.6  2.444   9    2
       2       1      11      11     6.4  3.921   9    2
       3       1       2       2    42.4  3.421   9    2
       3       1       3       3    42.4  2.864   9    2
       3       1       4       4    31.2  2.453   9    2
       3       1       5       5    26.6  3.372   9    2
       5       1       1       1    46.3  4.870   9    2
       5       1       9       9    16.8  3.208   9    2
       5       1      11      11    11.9  3.884   9    2
      22       3       1       1    43.1  3.638   9    2
      31       5      10      10     7.5  4.250   9    2
      31       5      11      11     1.9  4.504   9    2
      32       1       1       1  1317.6  1.406   9    2
      32       1       2       2  1001.4  2.363   9    2
      32       1       3       3   801.1  1.787   9    2
      32       1       4       4   701.1  1.484   9    2
      32       1       5       5   601.8  2.031   9    2
      33       1       1       1  1821.1  1.133   9    2
      33       1       2       2  1501.4  1.933   9    2
      33       1       3       3  1201.0  1.357   9    2
      33       1       4       4   901.3  1.260   9    2
      33       1       5       5   751.8  1.514   9    2
      34       2       2       2  2501.7  1.640   9    2
      34       2       3       3  2002.1  1.191   9    2
      34       2       4       4  1501.8  1.055   9    2
      34       2       5       5  1201.4  1.328   9    2
      34       2       7       7   701.4  2.353   9    2
  
  STNNBR  CASTNO  SAMPNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TCARBN OLDF NEWF
      10       2       2       2   177.6  2118.5  5    2
      18       2       1       1   228.3  2127.1  5    2
      18       2       2       2   181.7  2152.4  5    2
      18       2       3       3   141.2  2194.6  5    2




