     GP2-00-KA
     NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana
     San Diego, CA - San Diego, CA
     April 11 - May 19, 2000

     Chief Scientist: Mr. Ben Moore
     Survey Department: CST Dennis Sweeney
     CTD Personnel: D. Sweeney
     Final Processing: K. McTaggart


     ACQUISITION: 

     Fifty-seven CTD profiles were collected on this cruise.  Twenty-eight
     profiles were collected along 95W from 12N to 8S; 27 were collected
     along 110W from 8S to 12N.  Two test casts made enroute to the 95W
     line were not processed.  The majority of CTD casts were to 1000 m;
     5 deep (3000 m); and 5 were shallow casts (200 m).

     The ship's Sea-Bird 9plus CTD s/n 09P10493-0405 measuring pressure (s/n 
     61183), temperature (s/n 2027, 2026), and conductivity (s/n 1537, 1536)
     was used for all casts (PMC18.CON, new calibration).  

     The CTD was mounted in a custom 24-bottle frame with Sea-Bird rosette 
     sampler s/n 88.  The CTD data stream was passed through Sea-Bird 11plus
     deck unit s/n 376 with factory settings.  An analog signal was recorded 
     onto the audio portion of VCR tape as a backup.  Digitized data were sent
     to a Dell 5133 personal computer equipped with Sea-Bird's SEASOFT 
     acquisition software (version 4.216) where calibrated data were displayed 
     in graphical form in real-time, as well as stored in raw form onto hard 
     disk.  Backups of the raw data were made on QIC-80 1/4" cartridge tapes 
     and returned to PMEL for post-cruise processing.  Cruise data were also
     archived on 8 mm tape and CD-ROM.

     Secondary TC data were used for casts 19 and 20.  Primary TC data
     was approximately .01 fresh of the bottles, likely owing to biofouling.
     Secondary TC data were calibrated using all secondary burst data.
     Salinity samples were not collected on shallow casts, nor on cast 38.


     SALINITIES:

     Seawater was collected at 6-12 depths each cast and salinity samples drawn.
     Two salinity samples were taken from the deepest Nisken.  Duplicate samples
     were analyzed on a subsequent day from the rest.  Salinity analysis was
     performed using Guildline Autosal 8400B salinometer s/n 61.663.  IAPSO 
     standard seawater batch #P136 dated April, 1999, was used for all casts. 
     Standard laboratory operating temperature was approx 24 degrees Celsius. 


     POST-CRUISE CONDUCTIVITY CALIBRATIONS:

     GP200S.CAL of primary (s/n 2027, 1537) sensor data (not including any
     duplicate salts) was created at sea.  It's completeness and correctness
     were scrutinized and ammended where needed.

     Final pressure and temperature (s/n 2027) calibrations were pre-cruise.
     Drift (0.000357 C) and viscous (-0.0006 C) corrections were applied to
     temperature.  Conductivity fit coefficients were determined using Matlab
     program CALCOP1:

                        number of points used   399
                        total number of points  565
                        % of points used in fit 70.62
                        fit standard deviation  0.001343
                        fit bias                -0.00031362373
                        fit co pressure fudge   9.1652413e-008
                        min fit slope           0.99998194
                        max fit slope           1.0000325

     GP200S.CAL of secondary (s/n 2026, 1536) sensor data (not including any
     duplicate salts) was at the lab in order to calibrate casts 19 and 20.
     Final pressure and temperature (s/n 2026) calibrations were pre-cruise.
     Drift (0.001214 C) and viscous (-0.0006 C) corrections were applied to
     temperature.  Conductivity fit coefficients were determined using Matlab
     program CALCOP1:

			number of points used   418
			total number of points  554
			% of points used in fit 75.45
			fit standard deviation  0.001384
			fit bias                -0.010365362
			fit co pressure fudge   1.134753e-006
			min fit slope           1.0003656
			max fit slope           1.0005231

     Slope, bias, and pressure correction values were applied to CTD data 
     and converted directly into netCDF format using CNV_EPS; and to bottle
     file data using CALMSTR and CLB_EPS. 


     FINAL PROCESSING:

     The following are the standard SEASOFT processing modules used to reduce 
     Sea-Bird CTD data:

     DATCNV converts raw data to engineering units and creates a bottle
     file if a Sea-Bird rosette sampler was used.  (MARKSCAN creates a 
     bottle file if a General Oceanics rosette was used.)

     ROSSUM averages the bottle data specified in the DATCNV or MARKSCAN
     output and derives salinity, theta, sigma-t, and sigma-th.  These
     bottle files are transfered to the PMEL VAX where post-cruise 
     calibrations are computed.

     WILDEDIT makes two passes through the data in 100 scan bins.  The
     first pass flags points greater than 2 standard deviations; the
     seond pass removes points greater than 20 standard deviations from
     the mean with the flagged points excluded.

     CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal
     mass effects from the measured conductivity.  In areas with steep
     temperature gradients the thermal mass correction is on the order
     of 0.005 psu.  In other areas the correction is negligible.  The
     value used for the thermal anomaly amplitude (alpha) is 0.03.  The
     value used for the thermal anomaly time constant (1/beta) is 9.0.
 
     FILTER applies a low pass filter to pressure with a time constant of
     0.15 seconds, and to conductivity with a time constant of 0.03 seconds.
     In order to produce zero phase (no time shift) the filter is first
     run forward through the file and then run backwards through the file.

     LOOPEDIT removes scans associated with pressure slowdowns and
     reversals.  If the CTD velocity is less than 0.25 m/s or the pressure
     is not greater than the previous maximum scan, the scan is omitted.

     BINAVG averages the data into 1 db bins.  Each bin is centered around
     a whole pressure value, e.g. the 1 db bin averages scans where pressure
     is between 0.5 db and 1.5 db.

     DERIVE uses 1 db averaged pressure, temperature, and conductivity to
     compute salinity, theta, sigma-t, sigma-th, and dynamic height.

     TRANS converts the data file from binary to ASCII format.  These 
     data are transfered to the PMEL VAX.

     Program CNV_EPS applies post-cruise temperature corrections and
     conductivity calibration coefficients, recomputes the derived variables 
     in DERIVE, and converts the ASCII data files to netCDF format.  CNV_EPS
     skips bad records near the surface (typically the top 3 m) as well as any
     records containing -9.990e-29, and copies back raw data to the surface 
     (0 db) within 10 db.  Because the SBE module LOOPEDIT does not handle 
     package slowdowns and reversals well in the thermocline where gradients 
     are large, CNV_EPS removes raw data records where a sigma-theta 
     inversion is greater than -0.01 kg/m3.  Data are linearly interpolated 
     such that a record exists for every 1 db.  When data are copied back to 
     the surface, the WOCE quality word is '888'; when interpolated over 
     greater than 2 db, the WOCE quality word is '666'.  The WOCE quality word
     consists of a 1-digit flag for pressure, temperature (ITS-90), and 
     salinity.

     Program CALMSTR applies post-cruise temperature corrections and 
     conductivity calibration coefficients and recomputes the derived variables
     in ROSSUM.  CLB_EPS converts the ASCII bottle data file into individual
     cast netCDF data files.  Station 28 sample 105 was flagged as bad.

     Final CTD and bottle files were moved to DISK$EPIC1:[HAYES.DATA.GP200.CTD] 
     and included in the MySQL data management tables on June 9, 2000.

     Header line 1, instrument type string, was corrected on July 18, 2000 in
     both CTD and bottle files.  The new files were copied to DH and reloaded
     into the data management tables.
