R/V Shumpu Maru Cruise SU9506


1 Cruise Narrative

1.1 Highlights

 Expedition Designation
           Shumpu Maru Cruise SU9506

 Chief Scientists
           Leg 2:Tomoaki HINATA, Kobe Marine Observatory(KMO)

 Ship
           R/V Shumpu Maru

 Ports of Call
           Leg 2:Komatsushima to Kochi

 Cruise Dates
           Leg 2:June 30 to July 7, 1995

1.2 Cruise Summary

   The cruise track and station locations of leg 2 are shown in Figure 1.
The ship departed Komatsushima on June 30, 1995, and made 6 CTD/rosette stations of a section PR17. 4 XBT stations were made between CTD/rosette stations. 
To first CTD/rosette station the ship reached at 1728 UTC on July 3, from
last station departed at 2049 UTC on July 4.

   The CTD is EG&G NBIS Mark III B(6500 db type,no oxygen sensor). Water sampleswere collected from 1.7 liter Niskin bottles mounted on the General Oceanics
Rosette multisampler. However, surface water samples were collected by a bucket.

1.3 List of Principal Investigators

   The principal investigators for all the parameters measured on the cruise
are listed in Table 1.

           Table 1: Principal Investigators for All Measurements

          Name                    Responsibility        Affiliation
       Kouji KADONO           Oxygen, Nutrients, PH         KMO
       Tatsushi SHIGA         CTD, Salinity                 KMO

1.4 List of Cruise Participants

   The cruise participants for leg 2 are listed in Table 2.

           Table 2: Cruise Participants for leg 2

           Name                   Responsibility        Affiliation
                 
       Tomoaki HINATA         Chief Scientist               KMO
                              CTD Hardware   
       Kouji KADONO           Oxygen, Nutrients, PH         KMO
       Tatsushi SHIGA         Salinity                      KMO
       Satoshi SUGIMOTO       CTD Software                  KMO
       Syuji TUBAKI           Oxygen, Nutrients, PH         KMO
       Tomoaki NAKAMURA       Oxygen, Nutrients, PH         KMO
       Toru SATO              Watch Stander                 KMO
       Kiyoshi MURAKAMI       Watch Stander                 KMO
       Kenichi TAKAKUWA       Watch Stander                 KMO


2 Measurement Techniques and Calibrations

2.1 CTD

   The CTD is EG&G NBIS Mark III B(6500 db type, no oxygen sensor).
   NEC PC9801T with a 8 MByte of memory and 128MB type 3.5" MO unit was used
as the primary data collection device, and all CTD data was backed up
onto the degital audio tape.
   A HP 9000 Series 300 model 330(Hewlett Packard) with a 4 MByte of memory
was used as the data monitoring device. 

   The temperature and pressure sensor were calibrated at the calibration
facility of S¥E¥A CO., LTD before the cruise. The results are shown in Table 3.
   Temperature and pressure calibration values are used to correct CTD data,
by polynominal fitting. The polynominal equation are shown in Table 4. 
We decided that by the minimum AIC procedure. 

   Notice that the upcast pressure data is corrected by the equation with
the observed maximum pressure value, because of the hystersis correction.
See reference (1).


     Table 3: The temperature and pressure sensor calibration values

     Temperature(Caliblated on December 5, 1994, pre-creise)
         Standard Temperature     CTD Temperature
                1.0070                 1.0000
                2.0072                 2.0004
                3.0075                 3.0009
                4.0071                 4.0006
                5.0070                 5.0005
                6.0058                 5.9995
                7.0061                 6.9998
                8.0065                 8.0002
                9.0068                 9.0002
               10.0069                10.0002
               11.0070                11.0002
               12.0067                12.0000
               13.0078                13.0010
               14.0078                14.0008
               17.5074                17.4993
               20.0375                20.0295
               25.2492                25.2397
               30.1643                30.1531

     Pressure(increasing, Caliblated on December 8, 1994, pre-cruise)
         Standard Pressure        CTD Pressure
                0.0                      0.7
               98.0                     98.2
              293.9                    294.2
              489.9                    490.0
              979.8                    979.7
             1959.5                   1958.8
             2939.3                   2937.6
             3919.0                   3916.3
             4898.8                   4895.4
             5878.5                   5875.0

     Pressure(decreasing, calibiated on December 8, 1994, pre-cruise)
         Standard Pressure        CTD Pressure
                0.0                      1.5
               98.0                     99.6
              293.9                    295.9
              489.9                    492.3
              979.8                    982.8
             1959.5                   1962.1
             2939.3                   2940.6
             3919.0                   3918.9
             4898.8                   4897.1
             5878.5                   5875.0


          Table 4: The Calibration equation

             Real : Correctted value
             Obs  : Observed value

   Real = a * ( Obs ^ 4 ) + b * ( Obs ^ 3 ) + c * ( Obs ^ 2 ) + d * Obs + e

              Temperature       Pressure(increase)   Pressure(decrease)
      a =     0.193268E-7       -.114242E-13         0.169394E-13
      b =     -.135107E-5       0.978989E-10         -.270993E-9
      c =     0.390830E-4       -.190550E-6          0.164660E-5
      d =     0.999648          1.000733             0.997075
      e =     0.734023E-2       0.211994             -.677825


   The conductivity sensor were calibrated at sea using data from the analysis
of salinity collected at 5 stations. The salinometer is AUTOSAL 8400B(Guildline)
for the analyses of salinity of the water samples. The results are shown in
 Table 5.

   We assumed that the bias equal 0 because that was less than 0.001. Standard Sea Water batch of P124 was used to standardize the Autosal. The precision of the salinity determination of the water samples was 0.00014 PSS derived from the standard deviation of the 22 water samples collected from the same bottle.

  We find the slope value is less than usual, but we determined this by
the samples from the bottom(more than 4000m depth) to the surface, and these
calibration constants in Table 5 let the salinity value of CTD fit to that of
the samples.

           Table 5: The conductivity sensor calibration constants

                 Bias                Slope
                   0                0.99868


  When calculating salinity, we use the response time 0.032 second of
temperature sensor. We determined the time by the method described in reference
 (2).
  The Fast Temperature sensor may have influence on the temperature data.

  All the reported conductivity(salinity) is calibrated for the cell material
deformations. See reference (1).

  The temperature of "SU9506.SEA" and "SU????_?.CTD" files is described with
the international temperature scale of 1990, ITS-90.

2.2 Oxygen Measurements

   The determination of dissolved oxygen was done by the modified version of
the Winkler method described in reference (3).
No estimation of accuracy and precision and reagent blank has been done.
   The concentration in umol/kg were converted from the concentration in umol/l
using the density calculated from the temperature and salinity when rosette
sampling.

2.3 Nutrients Analyses

   The nutrients analyses were done by the Technicon Auto Analyzer II described
in reference (3). No estimation of accuracy and precision has been done.
   The concentration in umol/kg were converted from the concentration in umol/l
using the density calculated from assuming the room temperature 20ßC and
salinity 34.5 psu.

2.4 PH measurements

   The PH measurements were done by the PH meter(Denki Kagaku keiki co.,ltd)
described in reference (3). No estimation of accuracy and precision has been
done.
   Notice that the order of measurements is 0.01.

2.5 Notes for the SU9506.SUM, SU9506.SEA and SU????_?.CTD files

   The first 2 characters of the file name of *.SUM, *.SEA and *.CTD files are
SU for R/V Shumpu maru of Kobe Marine Observatory. These characters are followd
by the last two digits of the year and the month for the *.SUM and *.SEA files.
For the *.CTD files, the characters SU are followed by the unique station
number and the cast number given by the Japan Meteorological Agency.

   In "SU9506.SUM", we leave some position column blank(when bucket was used)
because not recorded.

   In "SU9506.SEA", we leave "sample number (SAMPNO)" column of the surface
layer blank, because of using bucket.

   All water sample quality flags during this cruise were "3"(or "4","5","9"),
because the no estimation of accuracy and precision has been made.

2.6 References

(1) CTD calibration and Processing Methods used by Woods Hole Oceanographic
    Institution(DRAFT), Robert Millard and Keqi Yang, April 20, 1992.

(2) CTD Data Kousei no Tebiki, JODC manual guide No.4, Masaki KAWABE
    and Kiyoshi KAWASAKI, March, 1993.

(3) Kaiyo Kansoku Shishin(Manual of Oceanographic Observation), Oceanographic
    Society of Japan, 1970
