THIS FILE WAS CONVERTED FROM A WORD DOCUMENT. SOME ERRORS
MAY NOT HAVE BEEN CORRECTED.


Introduction:

	The BEST (Benguela Source and Transport) project was 
designed to investigate the transport of the Benguela Current and 
the ratio of the Agulhas Current and South Atlantic source water 
masses. The transport of the Benguela Current and its variability is 
measured using a moored array of instruments, analysis of the 
TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter data, and CTD density 
observations. The source of the water is determined by analysis of 
the water mass properties measured with a CTD.  
	To accomplish the BEST objectives, an extensive field 
program was carried out between June 1992 and November 1993. 
The field work consisted of three hydrographic surveys, and a 
moored array of inverted echo sounders (IES), inverted echo 
sounders with pressure gauges (PIES) and current meter moorings 
(CMM). The array was deployed in June 1992.  During October 
and November 1993, 4 PIES and 4 current meter moorings (CMM) 
were recovered.  See Garzoli et al. (1995c) and Pillsbury et al. 
(1995) for details of the IES and current meter programs.  A more 
detailed description of the BEST program can be found in Garzoli 
et al. (1995a).
	This report presents CTD and hydrographic data from the 
second hydrographic survey aboard RRS DISCOVERY, Voyage 
202 (Cape Town to Cape Town, 7 May to 3 June 1993. A. L. 
Gordon, Chief Scientist).   This cruise is the primary CTD 
component of the BEST project.  There were two basic objectives 
of the hydrographic work.  One, obtain CTD stations above the 
BEST moorings. These CTD stations provide a "snap-shot" view of 
the thermohaline and oxygen stratification to help interpret the 
moored array time series data.  Two, gather hydrographic and 
dynamic data, and survey Agulhas eddies.


Data Collection and Processing:

	Three instruments were used for data collection.  A Sea-
Bird Electronics Seacat 19-02, which will be referred to as SBE, 
and two Neil Brown Mark III instruments which will be referred to 
as 2052 and 2809.  Table 1.1 shows which instruments were 
used for each station.
	The instrument 2809 pressure sensor was calibrated in 
March 1993.  The temperature sensor was calibrated in March 1993 
and in November 1993.  A temperature calibration value was 
calculated for each station by interpolating between the two 
calibrations.  Instrument 2052 was calibrated in March 1993.
	Instrument 2052 failed, so instrument 2809 was used for  
the majority of the cruise.  The data collected with each instrument 
were calibrated independently.  A pressure bias for 2809 was based 
on the pressure when the instrument entered the water.   The 
calculated bias, 1.1 dbar, was added to the raw CTD pressure.
	The conductivity was lagged to account for the time 
constant mismatch using a phase-lagging filter:

			Coi = (1.0 - e(-1/i))COi + e(-1/i)COi-1


TABLE 1.1:
	SBE,	2052,	2809
	001,	 _ ,	 -
	002,	 _ ,	 -
	003,	003,	 -
	 - ,	004,	 -
	005,	005,	 -
	006,	006,	 -
	 - ,	007,	 -
	 - ,	008,	 -
	 - ,	009,	 -
	 - ,	010,	 -
	 - ,	011,	 -
	 - ,	012,	 -
	 - ,	013,	 -
	 - ,	014,	 -
	 - ,	015,	 -
	016,	 _ ,	 -
	017,	017,	 -
	018,	 - ,	 -
	019,	 - ,	 -
	020,	 - ,	020
	021,	 - ,	021
	022,	 - ,	022
	023,	 - ,	023
	024,	 - ,	024
	 - ,	 - ,	025 to 074


	A second order fit of the Delta Conductivity (DC)* versus 
Conductivity (CO) was used to correct the data.  This was done 
using three sets of stations [21 - 29], [30 - 40], [41 - 72].  The 
station sets were chosen to minimize temporal effects.
	[* DC = CTD data - bottle data conductivity.  The 
	conductivity bottle data measurements were made 
	using a guildline 8400A and ISO standard water 
	from Ocean Scientific: batch number P120.]

	After the resulting calibration coefficients were applied to 
the station sets, a bias was calculated for each station and applied to 
the raw CTD conductivity data.   The CTD data within the bottle 
files was corrected and a new DC was calculated.  
	A second order fit of the bias corrected DC versus the bias 
corrected CO was obtained for stations [20-74].  The resulting 
coefficients were then applied to the data.  Finally, a first order 
pressure component of conductivity was corrected for using a first 
order calibration fit of DC versus pressure.  Figure 1.1 (Not 
included) is a histogram of the final CTD conductivity and 
rosette conductivity differences.
	The data for stations 01-19, instrument 2052, were 
calibrated using the same methods as outlined above.  The SBE 
data was then calibrated using the calibrated data from 2809.  The 
calibrated SBE data was then compared to the calibrated data of 
the 2052 instrument.  This was done to confirm the accuracy of 
instrument 2052 calibration.  The difference between the SBE and 
2052 is within the error of the instruments.
	The oxygen data were calibrated after all other calibrations 
were applied.  This was done implementing the methods outlined by 
Millard (1991).


Personnel involved in the collection of these data were:

Arnold L. Gordon	Principle Investigator	LDEO
Bruce Huber		Snr. Research Associate	LDEO
Philip Mele		Research Associate	LDEO
Marcela Stern		Electronic Technician	LDEO
Stewart Sutherland	Staff Scientist	LDEO
Anthony Martino		Research Assistant	LDEO
Deirdre Byrne		Graduate Research Assistant	LDEO
Paul Marchese		Graduate Research Assistant	LDEO
Steve Rock		Graduate Research Assistant	LDEO
Chris Duncombe Rae	Graduate Research Assistant	UCT;SFRI
Christine Illert	Technician	SFRI
Andrew N. Cormack	Computer Technician	NERC/RVS
Jeff L. Jones		Mechanic Technician 	NERC/RVS
Richard A. Phipps	Mechanic Technician 	NERC/RVS
Chris Rymer		Mechanic Technician 	NERC/RVS
C. W. Woodley		Electronics Technician 	NERC/RVS

	LDEO	-	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
	UCT	-	University of Cape Town
	SFRI	-	Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Cape Town
	NERC/RVS	NERC Research Vessel Services


Acknowledgments:
	The RRS Discovery is operated by the Natural Environment 
Research Council of Great Britain.  We appreciate the service and 
dedication of the Discovery officers and crew, who helped make 
this a successful scientific mission.  Funding for this cruise was 
provided by the National Science Foundation grants OCE 9102722 
and OCE 9401950.
	These data have been submitted to National Oceanographic 
data Center (NODC).  There are also plans to make the data 
available via the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Physical 
Oceanography Website.  The LDEO URL is: 
http://www.ldgo.columbia.edu.


References and related publications of interest:

Clement, A. and A. L. Gordon, 1995, Velocity structure of the 
Benguela current. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C11):22,591-22,602 

Smythe-Wright, D., A. L. Gordon, and P. Chapman, 1996, CFC-
113 shows Brazil eddy crossing the South Atlantic to the Agulhas 
Retroflection region J. Geophys. Res. 101(C1):885-896.

Kamenkovich, V. L. et al., 1995, On the influence of bottom 
topography on the Agulhas Eddy. J. Geophys. Res. (submitted)

Garzoli, S. and A. L. Gordon, 1996, Origins and variability of the 
Benguela current. J. Geophys. Res. 101(C1):897-906

Duncombe Rae, et al., 1995, The eddy field of the south-east 
Atlantic ocean: a statistical census from the BEST project. J. 
Geophys. Res. (submitted)

Garzoli, S., et al., 1995a, Initial results from BEST cruises. WOCE 
Notes, vol. 6 No. 1, 10-11

Garzoli, S., et al, 1995b, Benguela Current sources and transports, 
1995, WOCE Report July 1995.

Garzoli, et al., 1995c, BEST data report: IES/PIES/XBT data. 
LDEO Technical Report LDEO-94-1.

Millard, R. C., 1991. CTD Oxygen Calibration Procedure. WHP 
Operations and Methods, July 1991

Pillsbury, D. et al., 1995, Benguela Sources and Transport Project 
(BEST): Current measurements off the coast of South Africa. Data 
Report 157 reference 94-3 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Science, Oregon State University.


Report Format:

Header record:

SHIP    NODC Country/Ship code (74DS)
CRUISE  Originator's cruise number (202)
STA     Originator's station number
CAST    Originator's cast number
LAT     latitude in decimal degrees (minus = south)
LONG    longitude in decimal degrees (minus = west)
DATE    date reported as Year (YY), Month (MM) and Day (DD)  GMT
YDAY    year day    GMT
TIME    time reported as hour (HH), minute (MM)  GMT
DEPTH   corrected depth to bottom (meters)

Data record:

PRESS	CTD Pressure (dbar)
CTDTEMP	CTD Temperature (Celcius, IPTS-68)
CTDSAL	CTD Salinity (pss78)
BOT	Bottle Number
BOTSAL	Rosette Bottle Salinity (pss-78)
BOT_O2	Rosette Bottle Oxygen (ml/l

