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Cruise Report:  P06W
(Updated FEB 2010)



Highlights

                          Cruise Summary Information

                 Section designation  P06W
  Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  318M20091121
                     Chief Scientist  Alison M. Macdonald/WHOI
                  Co-chief Scientist  Shenfu Dong/UMiami/RSMAS
                               Dates  21 NOV 2009 to 2 JAN 2010
                                Ship  R/V Melville 
                       Ports of call  Brisbane, Australia, to 
                                      Papeete, French Polynesia

                                                   30°4.2' S
               Geographic boundaries  153°28.8' E             145°50.47' W
                                                  32°30.12' S
                            Stations  127
        Floats and drifters deployed  2 APEX and 6 Iridium Floats Deployed
      Moorings deployed or recovered  0

                               Chief Scientists:

           Alison M. Macdonald • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                MS21 • 360 Woods Hole Rd. • Woods Hole  MA  02543
        ph: 508-289-3507 • fax: 508-457-2181 • email: amacdonald@whoi.edu

Shenfu Dong • Cooperative Inst. for Marine and Atmospheric Studies • U. Miami
 Room 316 CIMAS Building • 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway • Miami, fl 33149-1098
  Phone: (305) 421-4169 • fax: (305) 361-4457 • email: Shenfu. Dong@noaa.gov




Acknowledgements

The U. S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program (also known as 
the U. S. CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program) has benefited from 
interagency, multi-institutional, and cross-disciplinary collaboration from 
its inception. Some of the ship time has been provided by NOAA on the NOAA 
Ship, Ronald H. Brown, and some by NSF on UNOLS ships, such as this cruise on 
R/V Melville. The traditional close cooperation between NSF and NOAA funded 
partners on this very long two-leg cruise was particularly strong. As usual 
on these cruises, NOAA analysts (1 from AOML and 1 from PMEL) measured 
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), while university teams measured pH and 
total alkalinity. While NSF funded SIO/ODF took the lead on CTD/O2, bottle 
salinity, bottle oxygen, and nutrients data collection and processing, NOAA 
personnel assisted in some of these areas, allowing for methodological cross 
training. Overall, the P6/leg 1 science party included representatives from 
12 different institutions. It also included a strong international component 
with a nutrient analyst from CSIRO and 6 other non-US nations represented by 
science personnel working at US institutions. We are extremely grateful to 
NSF and NOAA, and our program managers, for the support, advice, and 
encouragement which continues to make this program a success. 



Summary

A hydrographic survey consisting of Rosette/CTD/LADCP sections, trace metals 
rosette sections, underway shipboard ADCP and float deployments in the 
southern Pacific Ocean was carried out during late 2009. The R/V Melville 
departed Brisbane, Australia on 21 November 2009. 

A total of 127 stations were occupied. 128 Rosette/CTD/LADCP casts and 60 
Trace Metals rosette casts were made; 2 APEX Profilers and 6 Iridium floats 
were deployed from 22 November to 30 December 2009. Water samples (up to 36) 
and CTD data were collected on each Rosette/CTD/LADCP cast, usually made to 
within 15 meters of the bottom. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient 
samples were analyzed for up to 36 water samples from each cast of the 
principal Rosette/CTD/LADCP program. 

Water samples were measured for DIC, pH, Total Alkalinity, and CFCs. 
Additional water samples DOC/TDN, Helium/Tritium, C13/C14, CDOM, Chlorophyll 
a, bacterial cell count, POC, Del 15N of NO3 and Cyanobacterial DNA 
enumeration were collected and stored for shore analysis. Underway surface 
pCO2, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorometer, 
meteorological and acoustical bathymetric measurements were made. 

The cruise ended in Papeete, Tahiti on 2 January 2010. 

A sea-going science team gathered from more than a dozen oceanographic 
institutions participated on the cruise. The programs and PIs, and the 
shipboard science team and their responsibilities, are listed below. 



Principal Programs of CLIVAR P06

Program                  Affiliation    PI               email
-----------------------  -------------  ---------------  -------------------------------
CTDO/Rosette, NUTs, O2,  UCSD/SIO       James H. Swift   jswift@ucsd.edu
SAL, Data Processing
CO2-Alkalinity, pH       UM/RSMAS       Frank Millero    fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu
CO2-DIC/Underway pCO2    NOAA/AOML      Rik Wanninkhof   Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov
CFCs                     UM/RSMAS       Rana Fine        rfine@rsmas.miami.edu
                         U. Washington  Mark Warner      nermwarner@ocean.washington.edu
Helium/Tritium           WHOI           William Jenkins  wjenkins@whoi.edu
DOC/TDN                  UM/RSMAS       Craig Carlson    carlson@lifesci.ucsb.edu
13C/14C                  WHOI           Ann McNichol     amcnichol@whoi.edu
                         Princeton      Robert Key       key@Princeton.EDU
Trace Elements )         UHawaii        Chris Measures   chrism@soest.hawaii.edu
  (Leg 1 only            FSU            Bill Landing     landing@ocean.fsu.edu
ADCP/LADCP               UHawaii        Eric Firing      efiring@soest.hawaii.edu
APEX and Iridium Floats  CSIRO          Anne Thresher    Ann.Thresher@csiro.au
Transmissometer          TAMU           Wilf Gardner     wgardner@tamu.edu
CDOM                     UCSB           Norm Nelson      norm@icess.ucsb.edu
                         UCSB           Craig Carlson    carlson@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Isotopic Composition of  U. Mass.       Mark Altabet     maltabet@umassd.edu
  Nitrate



Shipboard Scientific Personnel on CLIVAR P06

Name                          Affiliation          Shipboard Duties     Shore Email
----------------------------  -------------------  -------------------  -----------------------
Alison Macdonald              WHOI                 Chief Scientist      amacdonald@whoi.edu
Shenfu Dong                   UMiami/CIMAS         Co-Chief Scientist   Shenfu.Dong@noaa.gov
Carolina Berys                SIO/STS/CCHDO        CTD Watch/LADCP      cberys@gmail.com
Elizabeth Ann Burakowski      UNH                  CTD Watch            elizabeth.burakowski@gmail.com
Valentina Gonzalez Caccia     UMiami/RSMAS         TAlk/pH              valecaccia@yahoo.com
John Calderwood               SIO/STS/RT           O2/Deck/ET           jcalderwood@ucsd.edu
Kenneth George Fairbarn, Jr.  UCSB                 CDOM/Optics          kgdivekg@hotmail.com
Ben Gire                      SIO/STS/ODF          O2/Deck              bgire@ucsd.edu
Charlene Grall                UMiami/RSMAS         CFC                  cgrall@rsmas.miami.edu
Maxime Marcel Grand           UHawaii              Trace Metals         maxime@hawaii.edu
Scott Grant                   UHawaii              ADCP/LADCP           srgrant@hawaii.edu
James David Happell           UMiami/RSMAS         CFC                  jhappell@rsmas.miami.edu
Rachel Henry                  UCSB                 C14, DOC/TDN         rachel_henry@umail.ucsb.edu
William Thomas Hiscock        UHawaii              Trace Metals         hiscock@hawaii.edu
Mary Carol Johnson            SIO/STS/ODF          CTD Data             mcj@ucsd.edu
Il-Nam Kim                    UTexas/AMSI          CFC                  ilnamkim@mail.utexas.edu
Rachel Nicole Mandel          UMiami/RSMAS         TAlk/pH              rmandel321@gmail.com
Christopher Measures          UHawaii              Trace Metals         chrism@soest.hawaii.edu
Robert Palomares              SIO/STS/RT           ET/Salinity/Deck     rpalomares@ucsd.edu
Leader
Jack Payette                  FSU/UHawaii          Trace Metals         JackPayette@gmail.com
Esa Petri Peltola             NOAA/AOML            DIC                  Esa.Peltola@noaa.gov
Mar k Stewart Rayner          CSIRO                Nutrients            Mark.Rayner@csiro.au
Ellen Roosen                  WHOI                 He/Tr                eroosen@whoi.edu
Courtney Schatzman            SIO/STS/ODF          Data Processing      cschatzman@ucsd.edu
Daniel Schuller               SIO/STS/ODF          Nutrients            dschuller@ucsd.edu
Karen Stamieszkin             Provincetown Cntr.   CTD Watch            kstamieszkin@coastalstudies.org
                              for Coastal Studies  
Andrew Stefanick              NOAA/AOML            Salts/Deck           Andrew.Stefanick@noaa.gov
Chantal Swan                  UCSB                 CDOM/Optics          swan@icess.ucsb.edu
Mimi Szeto                    UNH                  CTD Watch            szeto.mimi@gmail.com
Nancy Louise Williams         NOAA/PMEL            DIC                  Nancy.Williams@noaa.gov
Ryan Jay Woosley              UMiami/RSMAS         TAlk/pH              rwoosley@rsmas.miami.edu
Franklin Delahoyde            SIO/STS/CR           Computer Technician  fdelahoyde@ucsd.edu
Keith Shadle                  SIO/STS/RT           Resident Technician  restech@ucsd.edu



R/V Melville Officers and Crew

Name              Position
----------------  --------------
Chris Curl        Captain
Davis Seltzer     Chief Engineer
Eric Wakeman      1st Mate
Bryon Wilson      2nd Mate
Michelle Jackson  3rd Mate
Liz Mack 1st      A/E
Andrew Carter     2nd A/E
Philip Brennan    3rd A/E
Dave Grimes       Boatswain
John Juhasz       Electrician
Ed Keenan         A/B
Edmund Warren     A/B
Gordon Johnson    A/B
Bob Seeley        Senior Cook
Richard Buck      Cook
Jeanne Fleming    OS
Joe Sill          Oiler
Matt Slater       Oiler
Will Brown        Oiler
Bob Juhasz        Oiler
Peter Rogers      Wiper



Narrative

Introduction:

The R/V Melville (MV0911) "P06" cruise for the NSF and NOAA funded US 
CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography program carried out as a two leg transect of 
boundary-to-boundary full depth CTDO/ LADCP/ hydrographic/ carbon/ tracer 
stations along ca. 32.5°S. This first leg was occupied between November 21st 
2009 and Jan 2nd 2010 from Brisbane, Australia to Papeete, French Polynesia. 
The full transect had been carried out twice before. In 1992 on the R/V Knorr 
(in three legs: Valparaiso, Chile to Easter Island 2 May - 26 May, 25 days, 
66 stations, Easter Island to Aukland, NZ 30 May - 7 July, 37 days, 111 
stations, Aukland NZ to Sydney, Australia 13 July to 30 July, 18 days, 78 
stations including a number of repeats across the East Australia Current) and 
2003 on the R/V Mirai (Brisbane, Australia to Papeete, French Polynesia, 3 
August to 5 September, 34 days, 121 stations, Papeete to Valparaiso, Chile, 9 
September - 16 October, 38 days, 116 stations) as part of the Blue Earth 
Global Expedition. Although well measured near the coasts and over steep 
topography, both these earlier occupations included large interior portions 
where station spacing exceeded 70nm. Thus, we planned a two long legs (44 and 
38 days sea days respectively) to bring the station spacing to no more than 
30 nm anywhere along the transect. On this first leg we have only been 
partially successful in this effort. 



The Trials and Tribulations of the First Days:

The R/V Melville arrived more than a week ahead of the departure date as it 
had been undergoing maintenance in Keelung, Taiwan following the loss of its 
port thruster due to cracks in the shaft. All 33 members of the science team, 
as well as all equipment, did make it to Brisbane in time to leave port at 
10:00 Nov. 21 (local time), but that is an understatement of the effort that 
went into making it happen. The chief scientist arrived a day earlier than 
most of the science party to get the lay of the ship, and with the help of 
both the SIO research technicians was able to begin to sort out the space and 
resources available to the 11 science groups who began to arrive on the 17th. 
Two vans (ODF storage van and the trace metal van) had previously been 
offloaded from the R/V Roger Revelle in Taiwan. SIO's van 8 to be used for 
helium/tritium (HT) analysis was also loaded in Keelung. Two more vans 
(WHOI's HT storage van and AOML's DIC analysis van) were loaded in Brisbane. 
Although it was the first to be sent, the DIC van did not arrive until the 
19th because it was held up in customs. When it did arrive, the door hinges 
had to be removed to gain entrance, and so began the first of many trips to 
Bunnie's Warehouse (the local version of Home Depot). 

A number of fairly major issues had to be overcome, not the least of which 
was determining how to fit everyone into the available space in a manner 
conducive to productive work. We were able to accomplish this task only 
because everyone was extremely accommodating of the needs of other's, 
compromising and rearranging where necessary. We fit the CTD watch, the LADCP 
setup and RNA/DNA analysis stations, TALK and pH, CFC, CDOM, DOC, and TM 
groups in the main lab along with space for individual computers and a 
workspace for the STS/ODF POC. The Science hold was full to capacity and we 
stored a number of containers of sampling bottles in the O1 computer lab 
(these were moved to the HT van as they were filled), some empty containers 
in the motor room, and many spare parts in waterproof boxes on the main deck. 
Our restech, Keith Shadle and STS POC, Rob Palomares did an amazing job 
producing space where none appeared to be. 

Other issues included the late arrival of the Helium/Tritium storage van that 
was held up waiting for the DIC van to get through customs. The major 
difficulty was that the person doing the setup for HT was not joining the 
cruise, and it required two sleepless nights to organize the equipment and 
provide further training to the HT tech. It was also found that the noise 
from the air-conditioning unit in HT analysis van (van 8) made it nearly 
impossible to work. This noise was reduced somewhat in port through the 
efforts of the ship's electrician and local air-conditioner expert. Further 
work was done to reduce this noise while at sea. Nevertheless, van 8 retained 
a jet engine like ambiance for the first couple of weeks of the cruise (the 
unit died all together after being hit by wave during the storm which took 
place between stations 96 and 97). 

Another difficulty was the near impossible task of getting the CFC gas tanks 
through customs, or rather into customs through the FedEx shipper. After 
numerous phone calls from the CFC onboard group, AOML in Miami, the Captain 
and the shipping agent, these tanks were finally placed on a truck in Sydney 
and arrived the afternoon of the 20th as did the acids for the TALK/pH group 
and the liquid nitrogen for the CDOM group. The willingness of the ship's 
captain to help with all these situations was greatly appreciated. 

This cruise has dealt with a variety of issues with equipment. ODF got off to 
a rocky start as 4 of their computers were dead on arrival - mostly likely 
due to lack of moisture control. The systems had been repacked since leaving 
SIO. The computer tech and programmers worked long hours dealing this and the 
ensuing issues, and were able to get things to mostly come together prior to 
leaving port. However, as the computer tech had to focus his attention was 
elsewhere, there was some frustration on the part of the science groups, who 
had to wait longer than expected to get Internet access and ship email 
accounts. The CFC group has also dealt with a variety of problems, including 
initial failure of their equipment (over come using spare parts) and gas 
tanks contaminated with SF6 - making measurement of the tracer difficult, if 
not impossible. After leaving port, equipment failure allowed only one pH 
sample to be analyzed at a time (as opposed to the six expected). This, along 
with the fact the DIC group measured in a pattern of full cast, half cast, 
full cast, surface, led the ph/Talk group to measure a half cast every other 
station. Not long after leaving port the underway pCO2 system failed 
completely and could not be repaired. 

Our final small drama prior to sailing occurred when by 18:00 on the 20th, 
two of the student watch standers had not shown up. Phone calls to various 
local hotels and to the shipping agent, got us nowhere, but eventually, they 
appeared, completely oblivious to the panic they had caused. Unfortunately, 
one of them arrived with a fever and flu-like symptoms. The Captain and the 
chief scientist decided to allow her aboard, as long as, she was willing to 
stay quarantined in her berth, take Tamiflu and wear a mask once she was out. 
The fear here was bringing H1N1 on board. She did recover and no one else 
experienced any similar symptoms. Although much of the early part of this 
report deals with problems, our stay in port was not all bad. The highlights 
in Brisbane included; the conga-line of scientists and crew bringing food 
stores on board; one of our own playing saxophone with various local jazz 
groups, riding up and down the Brisbane river on the Cat Ferry, enjoying 
breezy warm evenings at outdoor cafes along the river, or some the many 
indoor and outdoor pubs, and one particularly wonderful Turkish restaurant, 
after spending days loading the ship in 95+°F conditions, and the port 
security guard who enjoyed greeting us after our evenings out with such news 
as 'the Melville has already left.'


Floats:

Eight floats were deployed. Although this is fewer than have been deployed on 
previous occupations, we were lucky to get them as over recent months the 
ARGO program has been dealing with serious issues with the pressure sensors 
used on the CTDs that led to uncomfortably high rates of premature failures. 
Dr. Ann Thresher at CSIRO was able to obtain new sensors from Seabird and so 
was able to supply us with the floats we deployed. Two of these were APEX 
floats, the other six were iridium floats (Table 2). 

In general, the APEX float deployments were easy and uneventful, while the 
Iridium deployments were somewhat more difficult. Most of the difficulty 
arose because the noises/signals made by the floats and the detector were 
extremely quiet compared to the general background noise on the ship; because 
of the number of variety of signals that were to be listened for; and because 
of the time it took for the final signals to occur. We found it best to start 
the iridium floats up when the CTD/Rosette was either at or near the bottom, 
to allow a good two hours for the Iridium float signals to be detected. We 
started them up on the starboard deck away from winch and van air conditioner 
noise, and then carried them to the stern for deployment. The general 
consensus among those who had deployed ARGO floats was that the harness and 
box made deployment more difficult than necessary. 


HULL   PLANNED        ACTUAL             DATE      TIME   APPROX. ASSOC. 
NO.    LAT.  LON.     LAT.     LON.      (UTC)     (UTC)  DEPTH   CTDSTA
-----  ----  -------  -------  --------  --------  -----  ------- ------
4683i  32°S  174.5°E  30.08°S  174.5°W   12/07/09  02:30  3624
4684i  32°S  176.5°E  30.08°S  176.5°W   12/08/09  06:45  4279
4685i  32°S  178.0°E  31.54°S  177.96°W  12/09/09  15:13  3846
4681A  32°S  162.0°W  32.5°S   161.84°W  12/22/09  12:52  5424
4686i  32°S  156.0°W  32.5°S   154.96°W  12/25/09  20:45  5040
4687i  32°S  153.0°W  32.5°S   152.8°W   12/27/09  21:40  5040
4682A  32°S  150.0°W  32.5°S   150.0°W   12/28/09  06:40  5140
4688i  32°S  147.0°W  32.5°S   147.23W   12/29/09         4805 

Comments:
• 4783i Took well over an hour to get a constant signal from the 
  detector
• 4686i Took three tries to get a satellite signal - could have been 
  the detector
• 4687i Issue with detector was resolved by rotating the float within 
  the box to bring the distance between the antenna and the detector to 
  a minimum. 
• 4688i Release mechanism took longer than usual to let go. The float 
  was hauled almost all the way back in before it released. 


The Casts:

Although not all the original 134 station positions were sampled. We were 
able to occupy 127 stations or 95% of what we originally intended. Of the 28 
station pairs that had station spacing greater then 30 nm, 8 had spacing 
between 50 and 54 nm, and the rest averaged 36.2 ± 1.3 nm. None had the 70 nm 
spacing used in 1992 and 2003 occupations. 

As stated in previously, we performed 127 CTD/Rosette casts. In choosing the 
bottle depths for each cast a rotating system of three schemes were used to 
allow for even sampling over all depth ranges. Similar schema were used and 
reported on I5, and earlier cruises have also used such staggering. 

The schemes work under the assumption that bottom depth changes are fairly 
random in nature. They do not work well for the abyss when bottom depths 
change by less than difference between columns (see Tables 2-4 and the 
explanation for use of the schemes given in the caption of Table 2) For the 
6000 m trench casts, bottle depths were chosen to match the schemes at about 
2000 m, while deep and abyssal bottles were individually chosen so that all 
depth ranges were sampled. Once again, care had to be taken in the abyss over 
the relatively flat plains beyond the trench in order that the first 300-500 
meters above the bottom were sampled (see the 'hole' in sampling near the 
bottom of Fiji Basin (Figure 7). Use of the schemes was fairly, but not 
completely, successful as patches of relatively under-sampled water remained. 


Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Report CLIVAR P6 2009 Leg 1 Brisbane to Papeete

PI Contact: Eric Firing University of Hawaii at Manoa 1000 Pope Rd. 
            Honolulu, HI 96822 <efiring@hawaii.edu>

An RD Instruments Work Horse 300kHz (WH300), Model WHM300IUG50, LADCP was 
used throughout the cruise, powered by a DEEPSEA Power & Light 50V 
SeaBattery. Both were installed on the main rosette by the resident 
technicians. The instrument worked well, providing full water column profiles 
of horizontal velocity currents with a vertical resolution of approximately 
eight meters. 

LADCP downloading and processing were done using a netbook computer running 
Ubuntu Linux, and using a graphical interface software from University of 
Hawaii. Data was processed using LDEO software maintained by Andreas 
Thurnherr, with vertical profiles as well as longitude section plots being 
produced for general use. CTD time series data, but not shipboard ADCP data, 
were used to constrain calculations. 

Two problems were encountered during the course of the cruise. Occasionally, 
on 10 casts out of a total of 127 stations, the WH300 LADCP would create two 
data files during the deployment. Without a single continuous data file it is 
not possible to process the data at this point, so there were a small number 
of stations that do not have processed data because of this problem. 

Secondly, past the Tonga Trench and well into waters of the deep central part 
of the basin characterized by very clean water with a low sound scattering 
signal, which began at station 98 and continuing to station 127, the ping 
signal was too weak in the lower section of the water column to give reliable 
data. Throughout the water column, but particularly below 3000m, the current 
values are suspect, as these profiles have very high error in the current 
estimations because of the low ping signals, and gave large shear inverse 
difference errors during processing. 

At station 52 and 54 (Fig 1) we see very interesting large magnitude (up to 
40 cm/s), vertically alternating zonal flow, with a vertical wavelength of 
about 250 m, which may be evidence of a propagating internal wave, perhaps 
generated by tidal forces focused by the raised topography. 


Fig 1: U (EastWest) & V (NorthSouth) P6 longitude depth current velocity 
       section, Stations 2 to 120, (Note: velocity magnitudes often 
       exceed color bar range at a number of locations)




Description of Measurement Techniques 


1.  CTD/Hydrographic Measurements Program 


A total of 128 Rosette/CTD/LADCP casts were made at 127 stations. Most casts 
were lowered to within 5-15m of the bottom, occasionally further off because 
of ship roll, bottom topography or instrumentation depth limits. 

Hydrographic measurements consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and 
nutrient water samples taken from each Rosette cast. Pressure, temperature, 
conductivity/salinity, dissolved oxygen, transmissometer and fluorometer data 
were recorded from CTD profiles. Current velocities were measured by the 
downward-facing LADCP. A few major problems occurred within the first 3 
stations; then the rest of the cruise was fairly trouble-free. 

The distribution of samples is shown in figure 1.0. 


Figure 1.0 P06 Leg 1 Sample distribution, stations 1-79. 
Figure 1.0 P06 Leg 1 Sample distribution, stations 79-127. 



1.1.  Water Sampling Package 

Rosette/CTD/LADCP casts were performed with a package consisting of a 36-
bottle rosette frame (SIO/STS), a 36-place carousel (SBE32) and 36 10.0L 
Bullister bottles (SIO/STS) with an absolute volume of 10.4L. Underwater 
electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE9plus CTD 
(SIO/STS #796) with dual pumps (SBE5), dual temperature (SBE3plus), dual 
conductivity (SBE4C), dissolved oxygen (SBE43), transmissometer (Wetlabs), 
fluorometer (Wetlabs CDOM), altimeter (Simrad) and LADCP (RDI). 

The CTD was mounted vertically in an SBE CTD cage attached to the bottom of 
the rosette frame and located to one side of the carousel. The SBE4C 
conductivity, SBE3plus temperature and SBE43 Dissolved oxygen sensors and 
their respective pumps and tubing were mounted vertically in the CTD cage, as 
recommended by SBE. Pump exhausts were attached to the sensor bracket on the 
side opposite from the sensors and directed downward. The transmissometer was 
mounted horizontally, and the fluorometer was mounted vertically along the 
bottom of the rosette frame. The altimeter was mounted on the inside of the 
bottom frame ring. The 150 KHz downward-looking Broadband LADCP (RDI) was 
mounted vertically on one side of the frame between the bottles and the CTD. 
Its battery pack was located on the opposite side of the frame, mounted on 
the bottom of the frame. Table 1.1.0 shows height of the sensors referenced 
to the bottom of the frame. 


Table 1.1.0:  Heights referenced to bottom of rosette frame

               Instrument                  Height in cm 
               --------------------------  ------------
               Temperature sensors              11
               SBE35                            11
               Altimeter                         4
               Transmissometer                   8
               CDOM Fluorometer                 49
               Pressure Sensor                  28
               Inner bottle midline            112
               Outer bottle midline            119
               BB LADCP XDCR Face midline       11
               Zero tape                       180


The rosette system was suspended from a UNOLS-standard three-conductor 0.322" 
electro-mechanical sea cable. The sea cable was terminated at the beginning 
of P06, and a retermination was performed prior to station 3 cast 5 due to a 
short in the signal wire. An additional mechanical retermination was 
performed prior to station 97 after a kink was found in the winch wire. The 
R/V Melville's DESH-6 winch was used for all casts. 

The deck watch prepared the rosette 10-30 minutes prior to each cast. The 
bottles were cocked and all valves, vents and lanyards were checked for 
proper orientation. Once stopped on station, the rosette was moved out from 
the aft hanger to the deployment location under the A-frame using an air-
powered cart and tracks. The CTD was powered-up and the data acquisition 
system started from the computer lab. The rosette was unstrapped from the 
air-powered cart. Tag lines were threaded through the rosette frame and 
syringes were removed from CTD intake ports. The winch operator was directed 
by the deck watch leader to raise the package. The A-frame and rosette were 
extended outboard and the package was quickly lowered into the water. Tag 
lines were removed and the package was lowered to 10 meters, until the 
console operator determined that the sensor pumps had turned on and the 
sensors were stable. The winch operator was then directed to bring the 
package back to the surface, re-zero the wipeout reading, and begin the 
descent. 

Most rosette casts were lowered to within 5-15 meters of the bottom, using 
the altimeter, winch wireout, CTD depth and echosounder depth to determine 
the distance. One cast (station 3 cast 6) repeated only the top 600m to trip 
bottles missed on the previous aborted cast. Three casts (stations 78-80) 
were done at stations with bottom depths exceeding 6000m, the depth limit of 
some of the package instrumentation. These casts were lowered only to 6000m 
(~6120db). 

For each up cast, the winch operator was directed to stop the winch between 
6-36 standard sampling depths. These standard depths were staggered every 
station using 3 sampling schemes. To insure package shed wake had dissipated, 
the CTD console operator waited 30 seconds prior to tripping sample bottles. 
An additional 10 seconds elapsed before moving to the next consecutive trip 
depth, to allow the SBE35RTtime to take its readings. The deck watch leader 
directed the package to the surface for the last bottle trip. 

Recovering the package at the end of the deployment was essentially the 
reverse of launching, with the additional use of poles and snap-hooks to 
attach tag lines. The rosette was secured on the cart and moved into the aft 
hanger for sampling. The bottles and rosette were examined before samples 
were taken, and anything unusual was noted on the sample log. 

Each bottle on the rosette had a unique serial number, independent of the 
bottle position on the rosette. Sampling for specific programs was outlined 
on sample log sheets prior to cast recovery or at the time of collection. 

Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and oxygen sensors 
in fresh water between casts to maintain sensor stability, and occasionally 
putting dilute Triton-X solution through the conductivity sensors to 
eliminate any accumulating bio-films. Rosette maintenance was performed on a 
regular basis.  Valves and o-rings were inspected for leaks. 



1.2.  Underwater Electronics 

The SBE9plus CTD supplied a standard SBE-format data stream at a data rate of 
24 frames/second. The sensors and instruments used during CLIVAR P06 Leg 1 
are listed below. 


Table1 2.0:  CLIVAR P06 Rosette Underwater Electronics. 

                                                        Serial         A/D      Stations
Instrument/Sensor            Mfr./Model                 Number         Channel  Used
---------------------------  -------------------------  -------------  -------  -----------
Carousel Water Sampler       Sea-Bird SBE32 (36-Pl.)    3213290-0113   n/a      1-127
CTD                          Sea-BirdSBE9plus           796            n/a      1-127
Pressure                     Paroscientific Digiquartz  98627          n/a      1-127
Primary Temperature (T1)     Sea-Bird SBE3plus          03P-4907       n/a      1-127
Primary Conductivity (C1a)   Sea-Bird SBE4C             04-3369        n/a      1-102
Primary Conductivity (C1b)   Sea-Bird SBE4C             04-3430        n/a      103-127
Dissolved Oxygen Sea-Bird    SBE43                      43-1508        Aux4/V6  1-127
Primary Pump                 Sea-BirdSBE5T              05-4160        n/a      1-127
Secondary Temperature (T2)   Sea-Bird SBE3plus          03P-5046       n/a      1-127
Secondary Conductivity (C2)  Sea-Bird SBE4C             04-3578        n/a      1-127
Secondary Pump               Sea-Bird SBE5T             05-5124        n/a      1-127
Transmissometer              WETLabs C-STAR             CST-1115DR     Aux2/V2  1-67,73-127
Transmissometer              WETLabs C-STAR             CST-327DR      Aux1/V1  68-72
Fluorometer                  WETLabsCDOM                flCDRTD-428    Aux1/V0  1-127
Altimeter                    Simrad 807                 9711091        Aux3/V4  1-127
Reference Temperature        Sea-Bird SBE35             35-0035        n/a      1-127
LADCP                        RDIWHM300-I-UG50           13330          n/a      1-127
Deck Unit (in lab)           Sea-Bird SBE11             11P31807-0654  n/a      1-127
     

An SBE35RT reference temperature sensor was connected to the SBE32 carousel 
and recorded a temperature for each bottle closure. These temperatures were 
used as additional CTD calibration checks. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to 
the SBE32 36-place carousel providing for single-conductor sea cable 
operation. The sea cable armor was used for ground (return). Power to the 
SBE9plus CTD (and sensors), SBE32 carousel and Simrad 807 altimeter was 
provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the main lab. 



1.3.  Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition 

Navigation data was acquired at 1-second intervals from the ship's GP90 GPS 
receiver by a Linux system beginning November 21. Bathymetric data were 
logged by the ship from the Knudsen 3.5 KHz echosounder or the SIS EM122 
multibeam echosounder during Leg 1. The bottom depths reported in the data 
transmittal files were recorded on the Console Logs during acquisition, and 
later input manually into the postgreSQL database. Knudsen depths were 
typically reported, unless depth data were not available/reading 0. 



1.4.  CTD Data Acquisition and Rosette Operation 

The CTD data acquisition system consisted of an SBE-11plus (V2) deck unit and 
three networked generic PC work stations running CentOS-5.4 Linux. Each PC 
work station was configured with a color graphics display, keyboard, 
trackball and DVD+RWdrive . One system had a Comtrol Rocketport PCI multiple 
port serial controller providing 8 additional RS-232 ports. The systems were 
interconnected through the ship's network. These systems were available for 
real-time operational and CTD data displays, and provided for CTD and 
hydrographic data management. 

One of the work stations was designated the CTD console and was connected to 
the CTD deck unit via RS-232. The CTD console provided an interface and 
operational displays for controlling and monitoring a CTD deployment and 
closing bottles on the rosette. Another of the work stations was designated 
the website and database server and maintained the hydrographic database for 
P06. Redundant backups were managed automatically. 

CTD deployments were initiated by the console watch after the ship had 
stopped on station. The acquisition program was started and the deck unit 
turned on at least 3 minutes prior to package deployment. The watch 
maintained a console operations log containing a description of each 
deployment, a record of every attempt to close a bottle and any relevant 
comments. The deployment and acquisition software presented a short dialog 
instructing the operator to turn on the deck unit, to examine the on-screen 
CTD data displays and to notify the deck watch that this was accomplished. 

Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette, the winch operator lowered it 
to 10 meters. The CTD sensor pumps were configured with an 5-second startup 
delay after detecting seawater conductivities. The console operator checked 
the CTD data for proper sensor operation and waited for sensors to stabilize, 
then instructed the winch operator to bring the package to the surface and 
descend to a specified target depth (wire-out). The profiling rate was no 
more than 30m/min to 50m, no more than 45m/min to 200m and no more than 
60m/min deeper than 200m, depending on sea cable tension and sea state. 

The progress of the deployment and CTD data quality were monitored through 
interactive graphics and operational displays. Bottle trip locations were 
transcribed onto the console and sample logs. The sample log was used later 
as an inventory of samples drawn from the bottles. The altimeter channel, CTD 
depth, winch wire-out and bathymetric depth were all monitored to determine 
the distance of the package from the bottom, allowing a safe approach to 8-10 
meters. 

Bottles were closed on the up cast by operating an on-screen control. The 
winch operator was given a target wire-out for the bottle stop, proceeded to 
that depth and stopped. Bottles were tripped 30-40 seconds after stopping to 
allow the rosette wake to dissipate and the bottles to flush. The winch 
operator was instructed to proceed to the next bottle stop at least 10 
seconds after closing bottles to ensure that stable CTD data were associated 
with the trip and to allow the SBE35RT temperature sensor to make a 
measurement. 

After the last bottle was closed, the console operator directed the deck 
watch to bring the rosette on deck. Once the rosette was on deck, the console 
operator terminated the data acquisition, turned off the deck unit and 
assisted with rosette sampling. 



1.5.  CTD Data Processing 

Shipboard CTD data processing was performed automatically during each 
Rosette/CTD/LADCP deployment, and at the end of each Trace Metals rosette 
deployment using SIO/ODF CTD processing software. The Trace Metals rosette 
contained its own CTD and carousel. These data were acquired using SBE 
SeaSave software, then copied to a Linux work station for further processing. 
No shipboard calibration was done for Trace Metals rosette CTD data. 

Processing was performed during data acquisition for Rosette/CTD/LADCP 
deployments. The raw CTD data were converted to engineering units, filtered, 
response-corrected, calibrated and decimated to a more manageable 0.5-second 
time series. The laboratory calibrations for pressure, temperature and 
conductivity were applied at this time. The 0.5-second time series data were 
used for real-time graphics during deployments, and were the source for CTD 
pressure and temperature associated with each rosette bottle. Both the raw 
24Hz data and the 0.5-second time series were stored for subsequent 
processing. During the deployment, the data were backed up to another Linux 
work station. 

At the completion of a deployment a sequence of processing steps were 
performed automatically. The 0.5-second time series data were checked for 
consistency, clean sensor response and calibration shifts. A 2-decibar 
pressure series was then generated from the down cast. Both the 2-decibar 
pressure series and 0.5-second time series data were made available for 
downloading, plotting and reporting on the shipboard cruise website.

Rosette/CTD/LADCP data were routinely examined for sensor problems, 
calibration shifts and deployment or operational problems. The primary and 
secondary temperature sensors (SBE3plus)were compared to each other and to 
the SBE35 temperature sensor. CTD conductivity sensors (SBE4C) were compared 
to each other, then calibrated by examining differences between CTD and check 
sample conductivity values. The CTD dissolved oxygen sensor data were 
calibrated to check sample data. Additional Salinity and O2 comparisons were 
made with respect to isopycnal surfaces between down and up casts as well as 
with adjacent deployments. Vertical sections were made of the various proper 
ties derived from sensor data and checked for consistency. 

A total of 128 casts were made using the 36-place CTD/LADCP rosette, and 60 
casts using the 12-place Trace Metals rosette. 

The primary temperature and conductivity sensors were used for reported CTD 
temperatures and conductivities for all but 3 stations. The secondary 
temperature and conductivity sensors were used as calibration checks, and 
for reported CTD data on stations 9, 10 and 102. 



1.6.  CTD Acquisition and Data Processing Problems 

A few CTD acquisition and data processing problems were encountered on P06. 
During pre-cruise setup, two of four ODF computers would not boot, likely due 
to water exposure from inadequate packing and storage between I05 and P06. 
STS/CR reconfigured an idle computer within a day or so to run the ODF CTD 
data acquisition system. Various 32-bit/64-bit ODF software incompatibilities 
were encountered during testing in-port and underway to the test station, but 
all were resolved before the test cast. 

The CTD signal died at about 45m on the test cast; the problem was traced to 
an internal failure in the altimeter, causing a power supply short and 
decreasing power to the CTD below operable levels. Altimeter 9711090 was 
replaced with 9711091 before the first P06 cast, and it worked well for the 
rest of the leg. 

On station 2, winch stop comm problems caused the CTD to sit at 108db upcast 
for 15 minutes, with the winch meter inoperable. The Console Operator guided 
the winch from 90 mwo to the surface and bottle trip stops using the deck 
unit depth display in the main lab. 

Station 3 was plagued with signal problems. On cast 2, the SBE5 pumps cut off 
at ~218db down-cast, and the cast was aborted; the pumps restarted at 120db 
up-cast. The wire was reterminated prior to cast 3, but the CTD signal cut 
out at 435m down, cast was aborted, and pumps came back on ~150m up-cast. 
Fluorometer/transmissometer were not connected to the CTD for cast 4; the 
signal was lost at 361m down, cast aborted, and signal back on at 230m up-
cast. ET noted that signal failure was cyclic (every 5 seconds) and suspected 
pump circuit problems. The Y cable failed the megger test and was changed out 
prior to cast 5; the fluorometer and transmissometer were reconnected to the 
CTD. On cast 5, the CTD signal failed at 570m on the up-cast, after 10 
bottles were tripped. The cast was brought back aboard, and the wire was 
reterminated. A last cast 6 at station 3 was done to collect the water at 
depths missed on the aborted cast 5; no problems noted. 

Because of interdependencies between the ODF Linux systems, the start of 
station 4 was delayed 30 minutes when the database computer suddenly died and 
could not be resurrected. The last of the four ODF computers shifted over 
from the I05 cruise died within a few minutes of the database system. 
Critical data was shifted across from backups, while the database system's 
hard drive was installed in the acquisition computer so it could run stand-
alone. 3 of 4 dead ODF computers were diagnosed as having corrupted memory, 
based on diagnostic beeps from their motherboards. While the CTD data 
processor slept, the two processing computers were magically revived by the 
STS/CR technician, presumably by using parts from the other two dead 
computers; both computers ran reliably for the rest of the leg. 

The navigation feed to the ODF acquisition system was lost during the transit 
between stations 5/6. Changing the cable to a different serial port had no 
effect, and the serial cable/data feed tested out fine to a nearby laptop. 
The problem was resolved by changing out a faulty DB9/DB25 connector between 
the cable and serial ports. No further computer hardware issues were 
encountered. 

Multiple problems were encountered throughout the leg with the LCI-90 display 
for the winch. The LCI-90 apparently overheated, causing it to blank out, 
typically while the winch was stopped for bottle trips. Most casts required 
multiple resets, which involved manually flipping the breaker to the winch 
(in the main lab) off and on. Occasionally the wireout reading shifted or 
rezeroed during these breaker trips, causing negative readings or offsets for 
a substantial part of the up-casts. 

The winch was apparently running only 20m/min on many up-casts during the 
first half of the leg, but apparently it was not because of any LCI-90 or 
winch issue. More specific directions were given to console and winch 
operators on optimal winch speeds, provided winch tension and sea state 
cooperated; these were followed well for the remainder of the leg. 

Station 7/2 had a noisy transmissometer signal in 200-550m range. The lens 
was not cleaned because a strap was in the way. On stations 9 and 10, either 
a transitory pump problem or an organic matter obstruction, not noted by the 
console operator, resulted in unusable primary data for the top 32 decibars. 
Secondary downcast data were used (vs. upcasts) to preserve T/S structure 
near the surface, despite the loss of useful CTD O2 data for the near-surface 
area. Both pump tubes were flushed with tap water prior to station 15, in 
case anything was still in the tubes. 

Bow thruster problems caused difficulty keeping the ship on-station, so the 
ship was moved to a new position prior to station 14. On station 22, the 
package came out of the water at the top of the surface yoyo when the winch 
went the wrong direction; another yoyo was done to restabilize the sensors 
before starting down. At the end of the cast, the deck brought the rosette 
out before the last bottle was tripped; it was re-immersed and stabilized 
before the surface bottle was tripped. 

There was a 22-hour delay between stations 47/48 for a medical evacuation of 
a crew member at Norfolk Island. Triton X solution was left in pump tubes 
during most of the run, to see if the C2 drift could be stabilized. The deck 
unit was left on between stations 59/60; the pumps were on the entire time, 
due to salty water in the pump tubes. The CTD signal was observed closely 
during station 60, and the pumps appeared to be working normally. The 
syringes were left off the CTD intake lines for over an hour after station 
60, but were put back on at least 1.5 hours before cast. 

On station 63, the bottom trip was forgotten when the console operator was 
asked a flurry of questions about CTD depth by the bridge. Since no bottles 
had been tripped, the package was sent back down from 4158db to do the trip. 
1 to 4 transitory signal spikes, sometimes accompanied by audible short deck 
unit alarms, occurred during 9 casts, starting with station 63. Most of them 
occurred on up-casts while the winch was moving between bottles, one or two 
occurred on down-casts. They were very short-lived (about 0.25 seconds) and 
did not cause a problem with data. 

The transmissometer was changed out before station 68 when the elusive Y 
cable required for connecting the TAMU transmissometer was found. The 
fluorometer was re-cabled to the other end of the Y on a different AUX port 
when the transmissometer was installed. The TAMU transmissometer signal 
drifted slowly downward from start to end of its first cast. The 
transmissometer signal offset/dropped in segments of several hundred meters 
or more during each subsequent cast (69-72), but otherwise tracked well 
between down and up. The transmissometer was changed back to the original 
before station 73, and the fluorometer was re-cabled independently and moved 
back to its original AUX port on the CTD. The fluorometer signal was absent 
during station 73, but was resurrected by flipping the connector cable ends 
before station 74. 

The wire settled a bit after station 71 terminal depth was reached; the 
bottom wire-out was readjusted back up 3m before the bottom bottle was 
tripped. The target for 1850m was mis-calculated, and the winch was taken 
back down 20m to 1815m for the missed trip. 

On station 95/2, the winch was stopped at 75m for "fuzzy" salinity and O2 
signals. The cast was continued after the signal was deemed stable. Shortly 
thereafter, the CTD processor arrived on watch and determined the signal was 
not ok after all. As the cast was reversed at 924m to bring the package back 
out to check for obstructions, all primary signals took a large downward 
dive. A salp (jelly critter) had completely blocked the primary T/C duct and 
was sucked out intact with the flushing syringe and DI water by the ET. The 
CTD signals were fine on cast 3; but the winch could not reset at the 
surface, so winch readings were 29m low for the entire cast. 

There were 3 spontaneous "mystery mis-trips" about 30-40 seconds apart on the 
up-cast of station 96 at bottles 28-30, not triggered by the console 
operator. Bottles 34-36 were tripped on-the-fly in the mixed layer due to 
weather conditions. There were 2 kinks in the winch wire after recovery, 
at3mand 5m from the termination. The wire tested fine electrically, so only 
the mechanical termination was redone. There was a 1-day weather delay prior 
to station 97. 

The transmissometer signal was noisy from 2830db to the surface on the up-
cast of station 101. During station 102, the primary conductivity offset +0.3 
mS/cm during the down-cast, and an additional +0.03 mS/cm more on the up-
cast. Secondary data were reported for that cast, and the primary 
conductivity sensor was replaced before station 103. There was transitory 
organic contamination in the primary pump tube at 1572-1578db on the down-
cast of station 111, causing offsets in CTD salinity and oxygen signals. The 
data were despiked after cast. 

On station 112, the winch stopped 12 minutes at 5300-5302db on the down-cast. 
The CTD O2 signal offset low during this stop, but the data drop was fixed 
with a small offset of raw data from the stop to the bottom of the cast at 
5422db before fitting to bottle data. On station 127, the fluorometer signal 
read 4.9+V most of the cast, instead of more typical readings around 0.1+V. 
Apparently a bag of Styrofoam cups were placed on the rosette so they 
obstructed the fluorometer sensors. The fluorometer read 0.26V on deck and 
tested out fine. 



1.7.  CTD Sensor Laboratory Calibrations 

Laboratory calibrations of the CTD pressure, temperature, conductivity and 
dissolved oxygen sensors were performed prior to CLIVAR P06. The calibration 
dates are listed in table 1.7.0. 


Table 1.7.0:  CLIVAR P06 CTD sensor laboratory calibrations. 

                                                Calibration   Calibration 
Sensor                                S/N       Date          Facility 
------------------------------------  --------  ------------  -----------
Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure    98627     10-July-2009  SIO/STS
Sea-Bird SBE3plus T1 Temperature      03P-4907  2 July 2009   SIO/STS
Sea-Bird SBE3plus T2 Temperature      03P-5046  6 July 2009   SIO/STS
Sea-Bird SBE4C C1a Conductivity       04-3369   16 June 2009  SBE
Sea-Bird SBE4C C1b Conductivity       04-3430   16 June 2009  SBE
Sea-Bird SBE4C C2 Conductivity        04-3578   16 June 2009  SBE
Sea-Bird SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen       43-1508   1 July 2009   SBE
Sea-Bird SBE35 Reference Temperature  35-0035   20 June 2009  SBE


ODF typically calibrates sensors about two months before a CLIVAR expedition. 
However, the 2-month cruise delay for 6 came after the sensors were shipped 
in anticipation of an early September start date. 



1.8.  CTD Shipboard Calibration Procedures 

CTD #796 was used for all Rosette/CTD/LADCP casts during P06. The CTD was 
deployed with all sensors and pumps aligned vertically, as recommended by 
SBE. The primary temperature sensor (T1/03P-4907) and conductivity sensors 
(C1a/04-3369, stas 1-102 or C1b/04-3430, stas 103-127) were used for all 
reported CTD data for stations 1-127, with 3 exceptions. Secondary sensors 
(T2/03P-5046 & C2/04-3578) were reported for stations 9, 10 and 102. 

The SBE35RTDigital Reversing Thermometer (S/N 3528706-0035) served as an 
independent calibration check for T1 and T2. In-situ salinity and dissolved 
O2 check samples collected during each cast were used to calibrate the 
conductivity and dissolved O2 sensors. 


1.8.1.  CTD Pressure 

The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure transducer (S/N 98627) was calibrated 
in July 2009 at the STS/ODF Calibration Facility. The calibration 
coefficients provided on the report were used to convert frequencies to 
pressure; then the calibration correction slope and offset were applied to 
the converted pressures during each cast. Pre- and post-cast on-deck/out-of-
water pressure offsets varied from +0.5 to +0.7 db before and after the 
aborted test cast. An additional -0.5db correction was applied during data 
acquisition/block-averaging starting with station 1. Residual pressure 
offsets (the difference between the 


1.8.2.  CTD Temperature 

The same primary (T1/03P-4907) and secondary(T2/03P-5046) temperature sensors 
were used during all Leg 1 casts. Calibration coefficients derived from the 
pre-cruise calibrations, plus shipboard temperature corrections determined 
during the cruise, were applied to raw primary and secondary sensor data 
during each cast. 

A single SBE35RT was used as a tertiary temperature check. It was located 
equidistant between T1 and T2 with the sensing element aligned in a plane 
with the T1 and T2 sensing elements. The SBE35RT Digital Reversing 
Thermometer is an internally-recording temperature sensor that operates 
independently of the CTD. It is triggered by the SBE32 carousel in response 
to a bottle closure. According to the manufacturer's specifications, the 
typical stability is 0.001°C/y ear. The SBE35RT on P06 was set to internally 
average over an 8 second period. 

Two independent metrics of calibration accuracy were examined. At each bottle 
closure, the primary and secondary temperature were compared with each other 
and with the SBE35RT temperatures. 

Only small temperature corrections were required during P06 Leg 1. The 
primary temperature sensor exhibited a second-order pressure response, and 
the secondary sensor had a first-order pressure response when compared to the 
SBE35RT. Surface offsets for both sensors remained fairly stable until bottom 
depths starting closing in on 6000m. Starting at station 77, T1 shifted -0.3 
m°C and required an additional offset. The slope for T2 appeared to change at 
the same time, and was adjusted from station 77 onward. 

The final corrections for both temperature sensors used on P06 are summarized 
in Appendix A. All corrections made to CTD temperatures had the form: 

                T(cor) = T + tp(2)P(^2) + tp(1)P + t(0)

Residual temperature differences after correction are shown in figures 
1.8.2.0 through 1.8.2.5. 


Figure 1.8.2.0:  T1-T2 by station       (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C). 
Figure 1.8.2.1:  SBE35RT-T1 by station  (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.2.2:  SBE35RT-T2 by station  (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.2.3:  T1-T2 by pressure      (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.2.4:  SBE35RT-T1 by pressure (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.2.5:  SBE35RT-T2 by pressure (-0.01°C ≤ T1 - T2 ≤ 0.01°C).


The 95% confidence limits for the mean low-gradient differences are 
±0.00072°C for T1-T2, ±0.00078°C forSBE35RT-T1 and ±0.00087°C for SBE35R T-
T2. 


1.8.3.  CTD Conductivity 

Two primary conductivity sensors (C1a/04-3369, stas 1-102 and C1b/04-3430, 
stas 103-127) and a single secondary conductivity sensor (C2/04-3578) were 
used during Leg 1. Calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise 
calibrations were applied to convert raw frequencies to conductivity. 
Shipboard conductivity corrections, determined during the cruise, were 
applied to primary and secondary conductivity data for each cast. 

Corrections for both CTD temperature sensors were finalized before analyzing 
conductivity differences. Two independent metrics of calibration accuracy 
were examined. At each bottle closure, the primary and secondary conductivity 
were compared with each other. Each sensor was also compared to conductivity 
calculated from check sample salinities using CTD pressure and temperature. 

The differences between primary and secondary temperature sensors were used 
as filtering criteria to reduce the contamination of conductivity comparisons 
by package wake. The coherence of this relationship is shown in figure 
1.8.3.0. 


Figure 1.8.3.0:  Coherence of conductivity differences as a function of 
                 temperature differences. 


Uncorrected conductivity comparisons are shown in figures 1.8.3.1 through 
1.8.3.3. 


Figure 1.8.3.1:  Uncorrected C1-C2 by station        (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.2:  Uncorrected C(Bottle)-C1 by station (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).


Based on C(bottle) - C(CTD) differences in a deep pressure range that would 
include most stations (2000-3000db), first-order time-dependent drift 
corrections (changing conductivity offset with time) were determined for each 
C sensor. C1a (stations 1-102) and C1b (stations 103-127) were grouped 
separately, and C2 was divided into three station groups, to determine the 
drift. The rate of change of C2's offset apparently slowed after each one-day 
delay in station work, so offset drifts were determined for station groups 1-
47, 48-97 and 98-127. 

After applying the drift corrections, second-order pressure responses were 
evident for each conductivity sensor. C1a and C1b pressure-dependent 
corrections were determined separately, using C(bottle) - C1(CTD) differences 
for all pressures where T1-T2 differences were within ±0.005°C. C(Bottle) - 
C2(CTD) differences would have skewed the deep-end corrections, so 
Corr.C1(CTD) - C2(CTD) differences, for pressures > 500db and T1-T2 
differences within ±0.005°C, were used instead to determine C2 pressure-
dependent corrections. 

C(bottle) - C(CTD) differences were then evaluated for response to 
temperature and/or conductivity, which typically shifts between pre- and 
post-cruise SBE laboratory calibrations. Temperature and conductivity 
responses essentially showed the same picture, so each sensor was fit to 
conductivity response. Both C1a and C1b required a second-order correction, 
and C2 required only a slope, vs. C(CTD). 

After conductivity responses were corrected, the pressure-dependent 
correction for C1b required a minor adjustment to flatten out the deep end. 
Drift corrections were re-checked, and it was apparent that C1a required a 
second-order time-based adjustment to C(CTD) offsets, instead of the first-
order fit initially used. 

The residual differences after correction are shown in figures 1.8.3.4 
through 1.8.3.12. 


Figure 1.8.3.4:  Corrected C1 - C2 by station              (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.5:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C1 by station       (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.6:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C2 by station       (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.7:  Corrected C1 - C2 by pressure             (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.8:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C1 by pressure      (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.9:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C2 by pressure      (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.10:  Corrected C1 - C2 by conductivity        (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.11:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C1 by conductivity (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.12:  Corrected C(Bottle) - C2 by conductivity (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).


The final corrections for all conductivity sensors used on P06 are summarized 
in Appendix A. Corrections made to all conductivity sensors had the form:

C(cor) = C + cp(2)P(^2) + cp(1)P + cp(0)C(^2) + c(2)C(^2) + c(1) + c(0)


Salinity residuals after applying shipboard P/T/C corrections are summarized 
in figures 1.8.3.10 through 1.8.3.12. Only CTD and bottle salinity data with 
"acceptable" quality codes are included in the differences. 


Figure 1.8.3.13:  Salinity residuals by station  (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.14:  Salinity residuals by pressure (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.3.15:  Salinity residuals by station  (Pressure>2000db)


Figures 1.8.3.14 and 1.8.3.15 represent estimates of the deep salinity 
accuracy of CLIVAR P06. The 95% confidence limits are ±0.00120 PSU relative 
to bottle salinities for deep salinities, and ±0.00335 PSU relative to bottle 
salinities for all salinities where T1-T2 is within ±0.01°C. 


1.8.4.  CTD Dissolved Oxygen 

A single SBE43 dissolved O2 sensor (DO/43-1508) was used during this leg. The 
sensor was plumbed into the primary T1/C1 pump circuit after C1. 

The DO sensor was calibrated to dissolved O2 check samples taken at bottle 
stops by matching the down cast CTD data to the up cast trip locations on 
isopycnal surfaces, then calculating CTD dissolved O2 using a DO sensor 
response model and minimizing the residual differences from the check 
samples. A nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure was used to minimize the 
residuals and to determine sensor model coefficients, and was accomplished in 
three stages. 

The time constants for the lagged terms in the model were first determined 
for the sensor. These time constants are sensor-specific but applicable to an 
entire cruise. Next, casts were fit individually to check sample data. 
Consecutive casts were checked on plots of Theta vs. O2 to check for 
consistency. 

Standard and blank values for check sample oxygen titration data were 
smoothed, and the oxygen values recalculated, prior to the final fitting of 
CTD oxygen. 

CTD dissolved O2 residuals are shown in figures 1.8.4.0-1.8.4.2. 


Figure 1.8.4.0:  O2 residuals by station  (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.4.1:  O2 residuals by pressure (-0.01°C ≤ T1-T2 ≤ 0.01°C).
Figure 1.8.4.2:  O2 residuals by station  (Pressure>2000db).


The standard deviations of 2.05 µmol/kg for all oxygens and 0.49 µmol/kg for 
deep oxygens are only presented as general indicators of goodness of fit. ODF 
makes no claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data. 

The general form of the ODF DO sensor response model equation for Clark cells 
follows Brown and Morrison [Brow78], and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85]. ODF 
models DO sensor secondary responses with lagged CTD data. In-situ pressure 
and temperature are filtered to match the sensor responses. Time constants 
for the pressure response τ(p), a slow (τ(Tf)) and fast (τ(Ts)) thermal 
response, package velocity (τ(dP)), thermal diffusion (τ(dT)) and pressure 
hysteresis (τ(h)) are fitting parameters. Once determined for a given sensor, 
these time constants typically remain constant for a cruise. The thermal 
diffusion term is derived by low-pass filtering the difference between the 
fast response (T(s)) and slow response (T(l)) temperatures. This term is 
intended to correct non-linearities in sensor response introduced by 
inappropriate analog thermal compensation. Package velocity is approximated 
by low-pass filtering 1st-order pressure differences, and is intended to 
correct flow-dependent response. Dissolved O2 concentration is then 
calculated: 
 
                (C2(Ph/5000)                       (C4Tl+C5Ts+C7Pl+C6(dOc/dt)+C8(dP/dt)+C9dT)
O2ml/l = [C1VDOe            + C3] • f(sat)(T,P) • e                                                (1.8.4.0) 


where:  

    O2ml/l    Dissolved O2 concentration in ml/l; 
    VDO       Raw sensor output; 
    C1        Sensor slope 
    C2        Hysteresis response coefficient 
    C3        Sensor offset 
    fsat(T,P) O2 saturation at T,P (ml/l); 
    T         insitu temperature (°C); 
    P         insitu pressure (decibars); 
    Ph        Low-pass filtered hysteresis pressure (decibars); 
    Tl        Long-response low-pass filtered temperature (°C); 
    Ts        Short-response low-pass filtered temperature (°C); 
    Pl        Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars); 
    dOc/dt    Sensor current gradient (µamps/sec);
    dP/dT     Filtered package velocity (db/sec); 
    dt        low-pass filtered thermal diffusion estimate (Ts -Tl ). 
    C4-C8     Response coefficients. 



1.9.  Bottle Sampling 

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the 
bottles in the following order: 

    • CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6 
    • 3He 
    • O2 
    • Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) 
    • pH 
    • Total Alkalinity 
    • 13C and 14C 
    • Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) 
    • Tritium 
    • Nutrients 
    • Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) 
    • Chlorophyll a 
    • Bacterial Cell Count 
    • Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) 
    • Del 15N of NO3 
    • Cyanobacterial DNA, RNA and Cytometry Cell Enumeration 
    • Salinity 
    • Millero Density 


The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette 
bottle position (1-36) from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the 
sample log for the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous 
conditions noted about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling 
team was designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain 
this log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order. 

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve and then the air 
vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped. This observation 
together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", 
"valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample 
integrity were routinely noted on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also 
involved taking the sample draw temperature from the bottle. The temperature 
was noted on the sample log and was sometimes useful in determining  leaking 
or mis-tripped bottles. Once individual samples had been drawn and properly 
prepared, they were distributed for analysis. Oxygen, nutrient and salinity 
analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC) analytical equipment 
networked to the data processing computer for centralized data management. 



1.10.  Bottle Data Processing 

Water samples collected and properties analyzed shipboard were centrally 
managed in a relational database (PostgreSQL 8.1.18) running on a Linux 
system. A web service (OpenACS 5.3.2 and AOLSer ver 4.5.1) front-end provided 
ship-wide access to CTD and water sample data. Web-based facilities included 
on-demand arbitrary property-property plots and vertical sections as well as 
data uploads and downloads. 

The sample log (and any diagnostic comments) was entered into the database 
once sampling was completed. Quality flags associated with sampled properties 
were set to indicate that the property had been sampled, and sample container 
identifications were noted where applicable (e.g., oxygen flask number). 

Analytical results were provided on a regular basis by the various analytical 
groups and incorporated into the database. These results included a quality 
code associated with each measured value and followed the coding scheme 
developed for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Programme 
(WHP) [Joyc94]. 

Table 1.10.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each 
WHP sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property: 


Table 1.10.0:  Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments. 
       _________________________________________________________
       
                  Rosette Samples Stations 1 - 127  
        =======================================================
                  | Reported |     WHP Quality Codes levels 
                  |  Levels  |  1    2      3    4   5   7    9
                  | -------- |  -   ----   --   --   -   -   --
        Bottle    |   4156   |  0   4130    3    5   2   0   16
        CTD Salt  |   4156   |  0   4156    0    0   0   0    0
        CTD Oxy   |   4102   |  0   4098    0    4   0   0   54
        Salinity  |   4105   |  0   4002   96    7   0   0   51
        Oxygen    |   4102   |  0   4060   27   15   4   0   50
        Silicate  |   4106   |  0   4091    7    8   1   0   49
        Nitrate   |   4102   |  0   4054    5   43   5   0   49
        Nitrite   |   4106   |  0   4099    0    7   1   0   49
        Phosphate |   4103   |  0   4054    5   44   4   0   49
       _________________________________________________________


Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are presented 
in Appendix C. Various consistency checks and detailed examination of the 
data continued throughout the cruise. 



1.11.  Salinity 

Equipment and Techniques 

A single Guildline Autosal 8400B salinometer (S/N 69-180) located in 
Melville's Photo lab was used for all salinity measurements. This salinometer 
had been modified to include a communication interface for computer-aided 
measurement, a higher capacity pump and three temperature sensors. Two of 
these sensors were used to measure air and bath temperatures. The third was 
used to check sample bottle temperature. 

Samples were analyzed after they had equilibrated to laboratory temperature, 
usually within 16-20 hours after collection. The salinometer was standardized 
for each group of analyses (usually 1-2 casts, unto ~48 samples) using at 
least two fresh vials of standard seawater per group. 

Salinometer measurements were aided by computer using software developed by 
SIO/STS. The software maintained an Autosal log of each salinometer run which 
included salinometer settings and air and bath temperatures. It also guided 
the operator through the standardization procedure and making sample 
measurements. The analyst was prompted to change samples and flush the cells 
between readings. 

Special standardization procedures included flushing the cell at least 4 
times with a fresh vial of Standard Seawater (SSW), setting the flow rate as 
low as possible during the last fill, and monitoring the STD dial setting. If 
the STD dial changed by 10 units or more since the last salinometer run (or 
during standardization), another vial of SSW was opened and the 
standardization procedure repeated to verify the setting. 

Samples were run using 3 flushes before the final fill. The computer 
determined the stability of a measurement and prompted for additional 
readings if there appeared to be drift. The operator could annotate the 
salinometer log, and would routinely add comments about cracked sample 
bottles, loose thimbles, salt crystals or anything unusual in the amount of 
sample in the bottle. 

A system of fans and heaters set up to expedite equilibrating salinity 
samples usually worked. 


Sampling and Data Processing 

A total of 4815 salinity measurements were made (709 for Trace Metals) and 
approximately 288 vials of standard seawater (IAPSO SSW) were used. 

Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate 
bottles, which were rinsed three times with the sample prior to filling. The 
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and kept closed 
with Nalgene screw caps. This assembly provides very low container 
dissolution and sample evaporation. Prior to sample collection, inserts were 
inspected for proper fit and loose inserts replaced to insure an airtight 
seal. The draw and equilibration times were logged for all casts. Laboratory 
temperatures were logged at the beginning and end of each run. 

PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was calculated for each sample from the measured 
conductivity ratios. The difference (usually none) between the initial vial 
of standard water and the next one run as an unknown was applied as a linear 
function of elapsed run time to the measured ratios. The corrected salinity 
data were then incorporated into the cruise database. 

Data processing included double checking that the station, sample and box 
number had been correctly assigned, and reviewing the data and log files for 
operator comments. The salinity data were compared to CTD salinities and were 
used for shipboard sensor calibration. 


Laboratory Temperature 

The salinometer water bath temperature was maintained slightly higher than 
ambient laboratory air temperature. It was set to 27°C the majority of the 
stations and to 24°C for stations 46 through 52. The ambient air temperature 
varied from 21.7 to 28.5°C during the cruise, and from -5.3 to 1.5°C during 
any particular run. 


Standards 

IAPSO Standard Seawater Batch P-149 was used to standardize most casts. It 
was noticed that some of the vials did not have uniform volumes of standard, 
labels were not put on the vial straight and many of the crimp seals did not 
release properly, the tab breaking away instead of pulling the sealed section 
away. These observations raise quality control questions about this batch of 
Standard Seawater. A recent batch to batch comparison conducted by Dr. Kawano 
[Kawa09] suggests that P-149 requires a salinity offset of +0.8(^*10-3) 
relative to other standard batches tested. 


Substandard Seawater Analysis

An Autosal standardization procedure using a substandard and cross-laboratory 
IAPSO batch comparison study was instituted in this expedition. This cross-
laboratory effort is in partnership with Andrew Dickson Lab at Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography. Substandard were run in station sample sets (12 
to 48 samples) for stations 31, 36, 38-41, 43, 45-49, 50-58, 60-62, 64-127. 
Typically substandards were run after IAPSO standard in the beginning of a 
full station sample set, and/or the substandard was run before the IAPSO 
standard at the end of station sample set. This analysis was in accordance 
with Method of Seawater Analysis in Grasshoff et al (1999), and operated to 
WOCE specifications minimal drifts were noted in associating with 
substandard. 


Analytical Problems 

A large drift was identified on stations 7 and 70 attributed to a tainted 
starting IAPSO standards. A correction of the difference in starting and 
ending standard conductivity ratios (0.00048, 0.00015 consecutively) was 
applied to average conductivity ratios for each bottle value. A similar 
correction was again applied to station 27 after IAPSO Standard Seawater 
Batch P-151 was used as a final standard instead of P-149. A difference in 
starting and ending standard conductivity ratios (0.00026) was applied to 
each bottle value to correct for differences in applied standards. 


Results 

The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than 
±0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard seawater batch used. The 95% 
confidence limit for residual differences between the bottle salinities and 
calibrated CTD salinity relative to SSW batch P-149 was ±0.0017 PSU for all 
salinities, and ±0.0006 PSU for salinities deeper than 2000db. 



1 12.  Oxygen Analysis 

Equipment and Techniques 

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an SIO/ODF-designed automated 
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the absorption 
of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light. The titration of the samples and the 
data logging were controlled by PC LabVIEW software. Thiosulfate was 
dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 mL buret. ODF used 
a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique of 
Carpenter [Carp65] with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], but with 
higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (~0.012N) and thiosulfate 
solution (~55 gm/l). Pre-made liquid potassium iodate standards were run 
daily (approximately every 2-4 stations), unless changes were made to the 
system or reagents. Reagent/distilled water blanks were also determined daily 
or more often if a change in reagents required it to account for presence of 
oxidizing or reducing agents. 


Sampling and Data Processing 

4102 oxygen measurements were made from the main rosette and 709 from Trace 
Metals rosette. Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon 
after the rosette was brought on board. Three different cases of 36 flasks 
each were rotated by station to minimize flask calibration issues, if any. 
Using a Tygon and silicone drawing tube, nominal 125ml volume-calibrated 
iodine flasks were rinsed 3 times with minimal agitation, then filled and 
allowed to overflow for at least 3 flask volumes. The sample drawing 
temperatures were measured with an electronic resistance temperature detector 
(RTD) embedded in the drawing tube. These temperatures were used to calculate 
µmol/kg concentrations, and as a diagnostic check of bottle integrity. 
Reagents (MnCl2 then NaI/NaOH) were added to fix the oxygen before 
stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice (10-12 inversions each time) to 
assure thorough dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately after 
drawing, and then again after about 20 minutes. 

The samples were analyzed within 1-4 hours of collection, and the data 
incorporated into the cruise database. 

Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and 
corrected to 20°C. The thiosulfate normalities and blanks were monitored for 
possible drifting or possible problems when new reagents were used. The 
thiosulfate normality was found to drift slightly towards higher 
concentration during the first 37 stations. Upon review, It was determined 
this was caused by lack of swirling the thiosulfate reservoir thus un-
incorporating condensation from the neck of the reservoir and subsequently 
concentrating the actual liquid titrant. An average blank and linear fit of 
thiosulfate normality versus Julian day was therefore applied for the first 
37 stations and the oxygen values recalculated. There was no indication of 
drifting blanks or thiosulfate normalities over the remainder of the cruise 
and an average blank and thiosulfate normality were used to recalculate 
oxygen concentrations for stations 037 through 127. The difference between 
the original and "smoothed" data in all cases was less than 0.1%. 

Bottle oxygens data was reviewed insuring proper station, cast, bottle 
number, flask, and draw temperature were entered properly. Any comments made 
during analysis was also reviewed making certain that any anomalous actions 
were investigated and resolved. Occasionally, an incorrect end point was 
encountered. The analyst has the provisions available through the software to 
check the raw data and have the program recalculated a correct end point. 
This happened very few times on this data set. The occurrence is usually 
attributed to debris in the water bath. 

After the data is uploaded to the database, oxygen is graphically compared 
with CTD oxygen and adjoining stations. Any erroneous looking points are 
reviewed and comments are made regarding the final outcome of the 
investigation. These investigations and final data coding are reported in 
Appendix C. 


Volumetric Calibration 

Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed deionized 
water to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory. This was done 
once before using flasks for the first time and periodically thereafter when 
a suspect volume is detected. The volumetric flasks used in preparing 
standards were volume-calibrated by the same method, as was the 10 ml Dosimat 
buret used to dispense standard iodate solution. 


Standards 

Liquid potassium iodate standards were prepared in 6 liter batches and 
bottled in sterile glass bottles at ODF's chemistry laboratory prior to the 
expedition. The normality of the liquid standard was determined by 
calculation from weight. The standard was supplied by AlfaAesar (lot B05N35) 
and has a reported purity of 99.4-100.4%. All other reagents were "reagent 
grade" and were tested for levels of oxidizing and reducing impurities prior 
to use. 



1.13.  Nutrient Analysis 

Equipment and Techniques 

Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite) 
were performed on an SIO/STS/ODF-modified 4 channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer 
II. Modifications to the system include STS/ODF developed data acquisition 
and processing software using the LabVIEW utility and an interface from the 
detectors to the computer. The analytical methods used are described by 
Gordon et al. [Gord92] Hager et al. [Hage68] and Atlas et al. [Atla71] 


Silicate 

Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67]. An 
acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to 
produce silicomolybdic acid which was then reduced to silicomolybdous acid (a 
blue compound) following the addition of stannous chloride. Tartaric acid was 
also added to impede PO4 color development. The sample was passed through a 
15mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 660nm. 

Reagents 
  Tartaric Acid (ACS Reagent Grade) 
    200g tartaric acid dissolved in DW and diluted to 1 liter volume. 
    Stored at room temperature in a polypropylene bottle. 
 Ammonium Molybdate 
    10.8g Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate dissolved in 1000ml dilute 
    H2SO4*. 
     *(Dilute H2SO4 =2.8ml conc. H2SO4 to a liter DW). Added 3 drops 
      15% ultrapure SDS per liter of solution. 
  Stannous Chloride (ACS Reagent Grade) 
     Stock solution: 
       40g of stannous chloride dissolved in 100 ml 5N HCl.
       Refrigerated in a polypropylene bottle. 
     Working solution: 
       5 ml of stannous chloride stock diluted to 200 ml final volume 
       with 1.2N HCl. Made up daily and stored at room temperature when 
       not in use in a dark polypropylene bottle. 
     NOTE: Oxygen introduction was minimized by swirling rather than 
       shaking the stock solution. 


Nitrate + Nitrate 

A modification of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] procedure was used for the 
analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For the nitrate analysis, the seawater 
sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where nitrate was 
quantitatively reduced to nitrite. Sulfanilamide was introduced to the sample 
stream followed by N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which 
coupled to form a red azo dye. The stream was then passed through a 15mm 
flowcell and the absorbance measured at 540nm. The same technique was 
employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column was not present, and 
a 50mm flowcell was used for measurement. 

Reagents 
  Sulfanilamide (ACS Reagent Grade) 
    10g sulfanilamide dissolved in 1.2N HCl and brought to 1 liter 
    volume. Added 5 drops of 40% surfynol 465/485 surfactant. Stored at 
    room temperature in a dark polypropylene bottle. 
  N-(1-Naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (N-1-N) (ACS Reagent 
  Grade) 
    1g N-1-N in DIW, dissolved in DW and brought to 1 liter volume. 
    Added 2 drops 40% surfynol 465/485 surfactant. Stored at room 
    temperature in a dark polypropylene bottle. Discarded if the 
    solution turned dark reddish brown. 
  Imidazole Buffer (ACS Reagent Grade) 
    13.6g imidazole dissolved in ~3.8 liters DIW. Stirred for at least 
    30 minutes until completely dissolved. Added 60 ml of CuSO4 + NH4Cl 
    mix (see below). Added 4drops 40% Surfynol 465/485 surfactant. 
    Using a calibrated pH meter, adjusted to pH of 7.83-7.85 with 10% 
    (1.2N)HCl(about 20-30ml of acid, depending on exact strength). 
    Final solution brought to 4L with DIW. Stored at room temperature. 
  NH4Cl + CuSO4 mix: 
    2g cupric sulfate dissolved in DIW, brought to 100 ml volume (2%) 
    250g ammonium chloride dissolved in DIW, brought to 1 liter volume. 
    Added 5ml of 2% CuSO4 solution to the NH4Cl stock. 
  Note: 40% Surfynol 465/485 is 20% 465 plus 20% 485 in DIW. 
       Prepared solution at least one day before use to stabilize. 


Phosphate 

Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms 
[Bern67] technique. An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to the 
sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid 
(a blue compound) following the addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The reaction 
product was heated to ~55°C to enhance color development, then passed through 
a 50mm flowcell and the absorbance measured at 820nm. 

Reagents 
  Ammonium Molybdate (ACS Reagent Grade) 
    H2SO4 solution: 
      420 ml of DIW poured into a 2 liter Erlenmeyer flask or beaker, 
      this flask or beaker was placed into an ice bath. SLOWLY added 
      330 ml of conc. H2SO4. This solution gets VERY HOT!! 
    27g ammonium molybdate dissolved in 250ml of DIW. Brought to 1 
      liter volume with the cooled sulfuric acid solution. Added 5 
      drops of 15% ultrapure SDS surfactant. Stored in a 
      dark polypropylene bottle. 
  Dihydrazine Sulfate (ACS Reagent Grade) 
    6.4g dihydrazine sulfate dissolved in DIW, brought to 1 liter volume 
    and refrigerated. 


Sampling and Data Processing 

4106 nutrient samples were analyzed and 709 were analyzed for Trace Metal 
casts. The cruise started with new pump tubes and then they were changed 
twice during the cruise, after Stations 25, and 82. Four Beer's Law 
calibration checks were run throughout the cruise. Four sets of 
Primary/Secondary standard were made up over the course of the cruise. 
Primary and secondary standards were compared to the "old" standard before 
they were used to insure continuity between standards. The cadmium column 
reduction efficiency was check periodically and ranged between 97%-100% 
efficiency. 

Nutrient samples were drawn into 40 ml polypropylene screw-capped centrifuge 
tubes. The tubes and caps were cleaned with 10% HCl and rinsed once with de-
ionized water and 2-3 times with sample before filling. Samples were analyzed 
within two hours after sample collection, allowing sufficient time for all 
samples to reach room temperature. The centrifuge tubes fit directly onto the 
sampler. 

The analog outputs from each of the channels were digitized and logged 
automatically by computer (PC) at 2-second intervals. After each group of 
samples was analyzed, the raw data file was processed to produce another file 
of response factors, baseline values, and absorbances. Computer-produced 
absorbance readings were checked for accuracy against values taken from a 
strip chart recording which is produced simultaneously with the computer. 
Refractive Index blanks were determined periodically by measuring the 
absorbance of low nutrients seawater with one reagent from each of the 
chemistries offline. The difference between the distilled water baseline and 
the seawater absorbance was recorded. Sample concentrations were then 
calculated, refractive index blanks and any non-linear corrections applied, 
and data merged with other hydrographic measurements. Carryover was minimized 
by running the samples from low to high concentration. Nutrients, reported in 
micromoles per kilogram, were converted from micromoles per liter by dividing 
by sample density calculated at 1 atm pressure (0 db), in-situ salinity, and 
the lab temperature measured when individual samples were drawn into the AA. 


Standards and Glassware 

Standardizations were performed at the beginning and end of each group of 
analyses with an intermediate concentration mixed nutrient standard prepared 
prior to each run from a secondary standard in a low-nutrient seawater 
matrix. A group usually consisted of one station/cast or two trace metal 
stations/casts (up to 36 samples). The secondary standards were prepared 
aboard ship by dilution from the pre-weighed primary standards. A set of 7 
different standard concentrations, Table 1.13.0, were analyzed periodically 
to determine the deviation from linearity, if any, as a function of 
absorbance for each nutrient. Residuals were determined and fit to a 3rd 
order polynomial, which was then used to calculate the non-linear corrections 
applied to the nutrient concentrations. An aliquot from a large volume of 
stable deep seawater was also run with each set of samples as a substandard 
and as an additional check. 


Table 1.13.0:  CLIVAR P06 Standard Concentrations 
                    _____________________________

                     std   N+N  PO4  SiO3   NO2
                     --- -----  ---  -----  ----
                      1)   0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0
                      2)  7.75  0.6   30    0.25
                      3) 15.50  1.2   60    0.50
                      4) 23.25  1.8   90    0.75
                      5) 31.00  2.4  120    1.00
                      6) 38.75  3.0  150    1.25
                      7) 46.50  3.6  180    1.50
                    _____________________________


All glass volumetric flasks and pipettes were gravimetrically calibrated 
prior to the cruise. The primary standards were dried and weighed prior to 
the cruise. The exact weight was noted for future reference. When primary 
standards were made, the flask volume at 20°C, the weight of the powder, and 
the temperature of the solution were used to buoyancy correct the weight, 
calculate the exact concentration of the solution, and determine how much of 
the primary was needed for the desired concentrations of secondary standard. 

All the reagent solutions, primary and secondary standards were made with 
fresh distilled deionized water (DIW). 

Working standards were made up in low nutrient seawater (LNSW). The first 50L 
carboy of water used was collected off shore of coastal California and 
treated in the lab. The water was first filtered through a 0.45 micron filter 
then re-circulated for ~8hours through a 0.2 micron filter, passed a UV lamp 
and through a second 0.2 micron filter. Subsequent LNSW used was collected at 
various stations in clean 40L carboys from the ship's underway system, which 
provided uncontaminated low nutrient surface water. The actual concentration 
of nutrients in this water was empirically determined during the calculation 
of the non-linear corrections that were applied to the nutrient 
concentrations. 

The Nitrate (KNO3 lot# 042263) and Phosphate (KH2PO4 lot# 991608) primary 
standards were obtained from Fisher Scientific with reported purities of 100% 
and 99.8%, respectively. The Silicate (Na2SiF6 lot# J25E26) and Nitrite 
(NaNO2 lot# K19D12) standards were obtained from Alfa Aesar with reported 
purities of >98% and 97%. 


Quality Control 

As is standard ODF practice, a deep calibration check sample was run with 
each set of sample. Table 1.13.1 is a summary of those calibration check 
samples. 


Table 1.13.1:  Calibration check samples 
                     _______________________________

                      Parameter  AAII concentration 
                      ---------  ------------------
                         NO3       32.92 uM ±0.28
                         PO4        2.29 uM ±0.02
                         SIL      119.49 uM ±1.04
                     _______________________________


Reference Material for Nutrient Seawater (RMNS) 

Lot "BE" RMNS samples (kindly provided by M. Aoyama of Japan Meteorological 
Research Institute) were run on 114 stations. In addition, 16 calibration 
sets of four concentrations (lots AS< AX, AZ, and BE) were run throughout the 
cruise. Table 1.13.1 is a summary of those calibration check samples. 


Table 1.13.1:  Calibration check samples 
                     _______________________________

                      Parameter  RMNS concentration 
                      ---------  ------------------
                         NO3       37.92 uM ±0.31
                         PO4        2.72 uM ±0.02
                         SIL      104.25 uM ±0.81
                     _______________________________


For stability testing purposes, each time a BE sample was run it was stored 
in the refrigerator and run on the next two subsequent stations. These 
calibrations sets were also run once "fresh" then stored in the refrigerator 
and re-run on the subsequent station.


Analytical problems 

Station 7 experienced unknown pump surging. This affected the PO4 channel and 
caused the NO3 cadmium column to air. NO3 and PO4 data was unrecoverable for 
this station. The PC used to collect data was corrupted between stations 10-
12. The computer clock counted seconds within the LabVIEW program in an 
erratic and unreliable fashion. The computer was switched to a more robust 
machine after station 12. Peaks for stations 10-12 were read by hand using 
the cross-hair function of the LabVIEW acquisition program. Other than these 
issues, no major analytical problems occurred. 


References 

Arms67. 
    Armstrong, F.A.J., Stearns, C.R., and Strickland, J.D.H., "The 
    measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by 
    means of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer and associated equipment," 
    Deep-Sea Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967). 

Atla71. 
    Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A 
    Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer® in Seawater 
    Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, 
    p. 49, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography (1971). 

Bern67. 
    Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of 
    low level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the 
    AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967). 

Brow78. 
    Brown, N.L. and Morrison, G.K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity, 
    temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23, 
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978). 

Carp65. 
    Carpenter, J.H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the 
    Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, 
    pp. 141-143 (1965). 

Culb91. 
    Culberson, C.H. , Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R.T., and 
    Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of 
    dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic 
    Programme Office (Aug 1991). 

Gord92. 
    Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Jr., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A 
    suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of 
    Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint 
    Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of 
    Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). 

Hage68. 
    Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I. , and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for 
    Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer® in Seawater Nutrient Analyses., 
    "Final report to Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Contract 14-17-
    0001-1759., p. 31 pp, Oregon State University, Department of 
    Oceanography, Reference No. 68-33 (1968). 

Joyc94. 
    Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE 
    Hydrographic Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE 
    Report No. 67/91, pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, 
    Woods Hole, MA, USA (May1994, Rev. 2). UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT. 

Mill82. 
    Millard, R.C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques 
    at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD 
    Conference and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc. , La Jolla, Ca. 
    (1982). 

Owen85. 
    Owens, W.B. and Millard, R.C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen 
    calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985). 

UNES81. 
    UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical 
    Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 
    No. 37, p. 144 (1981). 



1.14.  CFC-11, CFC-12, and SF6

Analysts: Jim Happell, Charlene Grall and Il Nam Kim

Sample Collection

All samples were collected from depth using 10.4 liter Niskin bottles. None 
of the Niskin bottles used showed a CFC contamination throughout the cruise. 
All bottles in use remained inside the CTD hanger between casts.  

Sampling was conducted first at each station, according to WOCE protocol. 
This avoids contamination by air introduced at the top of the Niskin bottle 
as water was being removed. A water sample was collected from the Niskin 
bottle petcock using Viton tubing to fill a 300 ml BOD bottle. The Viton 
tubing was flushed of air bubbles. The BOD bottle was placed into a plastic 
overflow container. Water allowed to fill BOD bottle from the bottom into the 
overflow container. The stopper was held in the overflow container to be 
rinsed. Once water started to flow out of the overflow container the overflow 
container/BOD bottle was moved down so the Viton tubing came out and the 
bottle was stoppered under water while still in the overflow container. A 
plastic cap was snapped on to hold the stopper in place. One duplicate sample 
was taken on most stations from random Niskin bottles.  Air samples, pumped 
into the system using an Air Cadet pump from a Dekoron air intake hose 
mounted high on the foremast were run when time permitted, and for several 
days during the long steam to Pappette. Air measurements are used as a check 
on accuracy. 


Equipment and technique

Chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, and SF6 were measured on approximately 
121 stations for a total of 3,848 samples.  Analyses were performed on a gas 
chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). Samples 
were introduced into the GC-EDC via a purge and dual trap system. 202 ml 
water samples were purged with nitrogen and the compounds of interest were 
trapped on a main Porapak N/Carboxen 1000 trap held at ~ -20oC with a Vortec 
Tube cooler. After the sample had been purged and trapped for 6 minutes at 
250ml/min flow, the gas stream was stripped of any water vapor via a 
magnesium perchlorate trap prior to transfer to the main trap. The main trap 
was isolated and heated by direct resistance to 150oC. The desorbed contents 
of the main trap were back-flushed and transferred, with helium gas, over a 
short period of time, to a small volume focus trap in order to improve 
chromatographic peak shape. The focus trap was Porapak N and is held at ~ 
-20°C with a Vortec Tube cooler. The focus trap was flash heated by direct 
resistance to 180°C to release the compounds of interest onto the analytical 
pre-columns.  The first precolumn was a 5 cm length of 1/16" tubing packed 
with 80/100 mesh molecular sieve 5A. This column was used to hold back N2O 
and keep it from entering the main column. The second pre-column was the 
first 5 meters of a 60 m Gaspro capillary column with the main column 
consisting of the remaining 55 meters. The analytical pre-columns were held 
in-line with the main analytical column for the first 35 seconds of the 
chromatographic run. After 35 seconds, all of the compounds of interest were 
on the main column and the pre-column was switched out of line and back-
flushed with a relatively high flow of nitrogen gas. This prevented later 
eluting compounds from building up on the analytical column, eventually 
eluting and causing the detector baseline signal to increase. 

The samples were stored at room temperature and analyzed within 12 hours of 
collection. Every 12 to 18 measurements were followed by a purge blank and a 
standard. The surface sample was held after measurement and was sent through 
the process in order to "restrip" it to determine the efficiency of the 
purging process. 


Calibration 

A gas phase standard, 32403, was used for calibration. The concentrations of 
the compounds in this standard are reported on the SIO 1998 absolute 
calibration scale. XX calibration curves were run over the course of the 
cruise. Estimated accuracy is +/- 2%. Precision for CFC-12, CFC-11, and SF6 
was less than 1%. Estimated limit of detection is 1 fmol/kg for CFC-11, 3 
fmol/kg for CFC-12 and 0.05 fmol/kg for SF6
 


1.15.  Helium and Tritium

Helium and tritium samples were taken roughly every 3-4 degrees for a total 
of 16 stations. 

Helium Sampling

Sampling alternated between taking 24 samples (depths of 0-3300 m) and 32 
samples (depths of 0-6400 m) at each station. A duplicate was taken for each 
station. 

Helium samples were taken in stainless steel sample cylinders. The sample 
cylinders were leak-checked and Back filled with N2 prior to the cruise. 
Additionally, each cylinder was flushed with N2 just prior to sampling to 
help eliminate air bubbles. Samples were drawn using Tygon tubing connected 
to the Niskin bottle at one end and the cylinder  at the other. Silicon 
tubing was used as an adapter to prevent the Tygon from touching the Niskin 
per the request  of the CDOM group. Cylinders are thumped with a bat while 
being flushed with water from the Niskin to help  remove bubbles. After 
flushing roughly 1 liter of water through them, the plug valves are closed. 
As the cylinders are sealed by O-ringed plug valves, the samples must be 
extracted within 24 hours to limit out-gassing. 

Eight samples at a time were extracted using our At Sea Extraction line set 
up in the wet-lab. The stainless steel sample cylinders are attached to the 
vacuum manifold and pumped down to less than 4e-7 Torr using a diffusion pump 
for a minimum of 1 hour to check for leaks. The sections are then isolated 
from the vacuum manifold and introduced to the reservoir cans which are 
heated to >90°C for roughly 10 minutes. Glass bulbs are attached to the 
sections and immersed in an individual ice water bath during the extraction 
process. After 10 minutes each bulb is flame sealed and packed for shipment 
back to WHOI. The extraction cans and sections are cleaned with distilled 
water and isopropanol, then dried between each extraction. 

Two hundred and sixty-four helium samples were taken; two were lost due to 
broken glass bulbs. Helium samples will be analyzed using a mass spectrometer 
at WHOI. 

At the beginning of the cruise, the helium extraction line suffered from an 
ongoing power spike in the van which interfered with maintaining the voltage 
at a constant 120 volts during extraction.  This spike would cause the 
voltage to exceed the limits of the system and would shut the line down.  
Many hours were lost due to this and to the fact that it took several hours 
to get the system up and running again.  By putting the voltage on a surge 
protector and plugging the cord in an outlet on the other side of the van, 
the spike issue was corrected.  The other problem occurred when during a 
tropical storm, a wave took out the vans AC which put a screeching  halt to 
any more helium extractions. 

Tritium Sampling

Sampling alternated between taking 24 samples (0-3300 m) and 32 samples (0-
6400 m) at each station. A duplicate was taken at each station. 

Tritium samples were taken using a silicon adapter and Tygon tubing to fill 
1-qt glass jugs. The jugs were baked in an oven, backfilled with argon, and 
the caps were taped shut with electrical tape prior to the cruise. While 
filling, the jugs are place on the deck and filled to about 2 inches from the 
top of the bottle, being careful not to spill the argon. Caps were replaced 
and taped shut with electrical tape before being packed for shipment back to 
WHOI. 

456 tritium samples were taken. Tritium samples will be degassed in the lab 
at WHOI and stored for a minimum of 6 months before mass spectrometer 
analysis. 

No issues were encountered while taking tritium samples. 



1.16.  Total CO2 Measurements

Samples for TCO2 measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in 
the Handbook of Methods for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from 11.7-L Niskin 
bottles into cleaned 294-mL glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled 
from the bottom, leaving 6 mL of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any 
bubbles. After 0.2 mL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a 
preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly 
covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a 
maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. 

TCO2 samples were collected from variety of depths with one to three 
replicate samples. Typically the replicate seawater samples were taken from 
the surface, around 1000 m and bottom Niskin bottles, and run at different 
times during the cell. No systematic difference between the replicates was 
observed. 

The TCO2 analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The 
analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) 
used simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer 
(UIC, Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet 
system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and 
Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA 
(Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992). In the coulometric 
analysis of TCO2, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by 
addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the 
evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure 
air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary 
reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the 
solution changes from blue to colorless, which triggers a current through the 
cell and causes coulometrical generation of OH- ions at the anode. The OH- 
ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is 
shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side 
of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission 
reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the 
amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total 
charge during the titration. 

The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by 
means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas 
volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the 
two AOML systems. 

The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different 
ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the 
Certified Reference Material (CRM), Batches 86 and 96, supplied by Dr. A. 
Dickson of SIO, were measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at 
the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell 
solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9-
12 hours of continuous use. 

The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of 
distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities 
were used to determine the volume of the pipettes. 

Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook 
(DOE 1994). The concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) in the samples was determined 
according to:

                         (Counts - Blank* Run Time)* K µmol/count
    [CO2] = Cal. factor* -----------------------------------------
                            pipette volume* density of sample

where Cal. Factor is the calibration factor, Counts is the instrument reading 
at the end of the analysis, Blank is the counts/minute determined from blank 
runs performed at least once for each cell solution, Run Time is the length 
of coulometric titration (in minutes), and K is the conversion factor from 
counts to μmol. 

The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all TCO2 values were recalculated 
to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD's salinity. 
The TCO2 values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 mL of saturated HgCl2 used 
for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 
mL (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution 
was 1.0007. A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This 
correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the 
beginning of the cell. The average correction was 3.1 μmol/kg. The results 
underwent initial quality control on the ship using TCO2-pressure/ salinity/ 
oxygen/ phosphate/ nitrate/ silicate/ alkalinity and pH plots. Also vertical 
sections were used for the quality control. 

The overall performance of the instruments was good during the cruise. There 
were some problems with the valves and fittings: the valve 13 failed a couple 
of times on both machines and the nylon fittings between the stripper and 
drying bulb deteriorated. The modified Ultra-Torr fittings around the ORBO 
tubes leaked due to too small o-rings: the ORBO tube was not used on DICE3, 
but due to low pressure on DICE4 it was in line with 1/8" Swagelok to 1/4" 
tube fittings and 1/4" Bio-Chem tubing. In the beginning of the cruise the 
water bath stopped cooling and it was replaced. The Field Point communication 
crashed and the coulometers jammed a couple of times. The ship had grounding 
problems and the van's AC and some power strips broke at the station 26. The 
AC unit was replaced with a spare one. 

2918 samples were analyzed for discrete dissolved inorganic carbon. The total 
dissolved inorganic carbon data reported to the database directly from the 
ship are to be considered preliminary until a more thorough quality assurance 
can be completed shore side. 


References:

DOE (U. S. Department of Energy). 1994. Handbook of Methods for the 
    Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in 
    Seawater. Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Ed. A.G. Dickson and C. 
    Goyet.  Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge 
    National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 

Johnson, K.M., A. Körtzinger, L. Mintrop, J.C. Duinker, and D.W.R. 
    Wallace. 1999. "Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for 
    marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway 
    surface TCO2 concentrations." Marine Chemistry 67:123-44. 

Johnson, K.M., K.D. Wills, D.B. Butler, W.K. Johnson, and C.S. Wong. 
    1993. "Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine 
    studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas 
    extraction." 

Johnson, K.M. 1992. Operator's Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter 
    Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with 
    Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, 
    N.Y.

Johnson, K.M., P.J. Williams, L. Brandstrom, and J. McN. Sieburth. 
    1987. "Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: 
    Automation and calibration." Marine Chemistry 21:117- 33.

Johnson, K.M., A.E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1985. "Coulometric TCO2 
    analyses for marine studies: An introduction." Marine Chemistry 
    16:61-82.



1.17.  Discrete pH Analyses 
 
Sampling 

Samples were collected in 50ml borosilicate glass syringes rinsing a minimum 
of 2 times and thermostated to 25°C before analysis. Two duplicates were 
collected from each station. Samples were collected on the same bottles as 
total alkalinity or dissolved inorganic carbon in order to completely 
characterize the carbon system. All data should be considered preliminary. 
 
Analysis 

pH (µmol/kg H2O) on the seawater scale was measured using a Agilent 8453 
spectrophotometer according to the methods outlined by Clayton and Byrne 
(1993). A RTE17 water bath maintained spectrophotometric cell temperature at 
25.0°C. A 10cm flow through cell was filled automatically using a Kloehn 6v 
syringe pump. The sulfonephthalein indicator m-cresol purple (mCP) was also 
injected automatically by the kloehn 6v syringe pump  into the 
spectrophotometric cells, and the absorbance of light was measured at three 
different wavelengths (434 nm, 578 nm, 730 nm). The ratios of absorbances at 
the different wavelengths were input and used to calculate pH on the total 
and seawater scales, incorporating temperature and salinity into the 
equations. The equations of Dickson and Millero (1987), Dickson and Riley 
(1979), and Dickson (1990) were used to convert pH from total to seawater 
scales. Salinity data were obtained from the conductivity sensor on the CTD. 
These data were later corroborated by shipboard measurements. Temperature of 
the samples was measured immediately after spectrophotometric measurements 
using a Guildline 9540 digital platinum resistance thermometer. 
 
Reagents 

The mCP indicator dye was a concentrated solution of 2.0 mM with an R = 
1.61350. 
 
Standardization 

The precision of the data can be accessed from measurements of duplicate 
samples, certified reference material (CRM) Batch 96 (Dr. Andrew Dickson, 
UCSD) and TRIS buffers. CRMs were measured approximately every other day and 
TRIS buffers were measured approximately once a day. The mean and standard 
deviation for the CRMs was 7.8845± 0.0140 (n=17) and 8.1086±0.0106 (n=37) for 
TRIS buffer.  

Data Processing 

Addition of the indicator affects the pH of the sample, and the degree to 
which pH is affected is a function of the pH difference between the seawater 
and indicator. Therefore, a correction is applied for each batch of dye. To 
obtain this correction factor, all samples throughout the cruise were 
measured after two consecutive additions of mCP. From these two measurements, 
a change in absorbance ratio per mL of mCP indicator is calculated. R was 
calculated using the absorbance ratio (Rm) measured after the initial 
indicator addition from: 

              R = Rm + (-0.00173 + 0.000382 Rm) Vind (1) 
              R = Rm + (-0.00254 + 0.000571 Rm) Vind (2) 

where Vind is the volume of mCP used. Clayton and Byrne (1993) calibrated the 
mCP indicator using TRIS buffers (Ramette et al. 1977) and the equations of 
Dickson (1993). These equations are used to calculate pH t, the total scale 
in units of moles per kilogram of solution. 
 

Table 1:  Preliminary Quality Control 

                  Total Number of Samples     3098 
                  Questionable (QC=3)           95 
                  Bad (QC=4)                   145 
                  Lost (QC=5)                   22 
                  Duplicate (QC=6)             401 
 

Problems 

This was the first time we used the automated system at sea and there were a 
few bugs in the computer program. About station 47 the blank became very 
noisy. The cell was rinsed with 3m HCl, acetone, and Milli-Q water. After 
this the cell was rinsed 2 to 3 times throughout the cast with Milli-Q water, 
and if the blank became noisy the cell was left to soak in Milli-Q water for 
1-2 hours before analysis continued. Two of the Kloehn syringe pumps died 
during station 62, 68, and 79. This caused these stations to be skipped. 
Since the backup Kloehn for the automated sampler had to be used as the main 
syringe pump samples had to be run individually. During analysis of station 
96 rough seas caused the water baths to over flow profusely. Analysis was 
halted until calmer seas, and the replacement of the tungsten lamp in the 
spectrophotometer. This caused almost 24 hours between collection and 
analysis for most of station 96. 
 

References 
 
Clayton, T.D. and Byrne, R.H., "Spectrophotometric seawater pH 
    measurements: Total hydrogenion concentration scale calibration of 
    m-cresol purple and at-sea results," Deep-Sea Res. , 40, pp. 2315-
    2329 (1993). 

Dickson, A.G. and Millero, F.J., "A comparison of the equilibrium 
    constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media," 
    Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 34, 10, pp. 1733-1743 (1987).  

Dickson, A.G. and Riley, J.P., "The estimation of acid dissociation 
    constants in seawater media from potentiometric titration with 
    strong base, 1: The ionic product of water-KSUS-w," Mar. Chem., 7, 
    2, pp. 89-99 (1979). 

Dickson, A.G., "Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in 
    synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K," Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 
    37, 5, pp. 755-766 (1990). 

Dickson, A.G., "The measurement of seawater pH," Mar. Chem., 44, pp. 
    131-142 (1993).  

Ramette, R.W., Culberson, C.H., and Bates, R.G., "Acid-base properties 
    of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffers in seawater from 
    5 to 40°C," Anal. Chem. , 49, pp. 867-870 (1977).  



1.18.  Total Alkalinity Analyses 
 
Sampling 

The sampling scheme was roughly an alternation between full (36 Niskins) on 
even stations and partial (18 Niskins)  on odd stations. All casts had 3 
duplicate samples drawn; one from the near the bottom, oxygen minimum, and 
surface Niskin. Samples were drawn from Niskin bottles into 500 ml 
borosilicate flasks using silicone tubing that fit over the petcock to avoid 
contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed a minimum of two times and 
filled from the bottom, overflowing half of a volume while taking care not to 
entrain any bubbles. Approximately 15 ml of water was withdrawn from the 
flask by arresting the sample flow and removing the sampling tube, thus 
creating a small expansion volume and reproducible headspace. The sample 
bottles were sealed at a ground glass joint with a glass stopper. The samples 
were thermostated at 25°C before analysis. 
 

Table 1:  Preliminary Quality control for Total Alkalinity 

                  Total Number of Samples  3525 
                  -----------------------  ----
                  Questionable (QC=3)        50 
                  Bad (QC=4)                109 
                  Lost (QC=5)                43 
                  Duplicate (QC=6)          696 
 

Analyzer Description 

The total alkalinity of seawater (TAlk) was evaluated from the proton balance 
at the alkalinity equivalence point, pHequiv = 4.5 at 25°C and zero ionic 
strength in one kilogram of sample. The method utilizes a multi-point 
hydrochloric acid titration of seawater according to the definition of total 
alkalinity (Dickson 1981). The potentiometric titrations of seawater not only 
give values of TAlk but also those of DIC and pH, respectively from the 
volume of acid added at the first end point and the initial emf, E0. Two 
titration systems, A and B were used for TAlk analysis. Each of them consists 
of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator, an Orion 720A pH meter and a custom 
designed plexiglass water-jacketed titration cell (Millero et al, 1993). Both 
the seawater sample and acid titrant were temperature equilibrated to a 
constant temperature of 25 ± 0.1°C with a water bath (Neslab, model RTE-17). 
The water-jacketed cell is similar to the cells used by Bradshaw and Brewer 
(1988) except a larger volume (~200 ml) is employed to increase the 
precision. Each cell has a fill and drain valve which increases the 
reproducibility of the volume of sample contained in the cell. A typical 
titration recorded the EMF after the readings became stable (deviation less 
than 0.09 mV) and then enough acid was added to change the voltage a pre-
assigned increment (13 mV). A full titration (~25 points) takes about 15-20 
minutes. The electrodes used to measure the EMF of the sample during a 
titration consisted of a ROSS glass pH electrode (Orion, model 810100) and a 
double junction Ag, AgCl reference electrode (Orion, model 900200). 
 
Reagents 

A single 50-l batch of ~0.25 m HCl acid was prepared in 0.45 m NaCl by 
dilution of concentrated HCl, AR Select, Mallinckrodt, to yield a total ionic 
strength similar to seawater of salinity 35.0 (I ≈ 0.7 M). The acid was 
standardized by a coulometric technique (Marinenko and Taylor, 1968; Taylor 
and Smith, 1959) and verified with alkalinity titrations on seawater of 
known; alkalinity. The calibrated molarity of the acid used was 0.24178 ± 
0.0001 M HCl. The acid was stored in 500-ml glass bottles sealed with 
Apiezon® L grease for use at sea.  Standardization 

The volumes of the cells used were determined to ±0.03 ml during the initial 
set up by multiple titrations using seawater of known total alkalinity and 
CRM. The cell for system B was replaced at station 28 and calibrated before 
analyzing any samples. Calibrations of the burette of the Dosimat with water 
at 25°C indicate that the systems deliver 3.000 ml (the approximate value for 
a titration of 200 ml of seawater) to a precision of ± 0.0004 ml, resulting 
in an error of ± 0.3 µmol/kg in TAlk. The reproducibility and precision of 
measurements are checked using low nutrient surface seawater and Certified 
Reference Material (Dr. Andrew Dickson, Marine Physical Laboratory, La Jolla, 
California), Batch 86 and 86. CRM's were utilized in order to account for 
instrument drift and to maintain measurement precision. Opened CRM bottles, 
referred to as "old" were provided by the DIC analysts. Duplicate analyses 
provide additional quality assurance and were taken from the same Niskin 
bottle. Duplicates were either both measured on system A, both on system B, 
or one each on A and B.  Data Processing 

An integrated program controls the titration, data collection, and the 
calculation of the carbonate parameters (TAlk, pH, and DIC). The program is 
patterned after those developed by Dickson (1981), Johansson and Wedborg 
(1982), and U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) (1994). The program uses a 
Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least-squares algorithm to calculate the TAlk, 
DIC, and from the potentiometric titration data. 
 

Table 2:  Comparison of measured and Certified CRM (Batch 96) values  
          _________________________________________________
           
                              Instrument A    Instrument B 
                              ------------    ------------
           Mean                  -0.14           1.57 
           Standard Deviation     2.52           2.30 
           Number                  38             36 
          _________________________________________________


Table 3:  Comparison of the duplicates on both instruments 
  _________________________________________________________________

                       Instrument A  Instrument B  Instrument(A-B) 
   ------------------  ------------  ------------  ---------------
   Mean                   0.08         -0.09          -0.27 
   Standard Deviation     1.94          1.13           2.30 
   Number                 115           113             87 
  _________________________________________________________________


Problems 

No major problems occurred throughout the cruise. During a rough storm around 
station 96 the rocking of the ship caused the water baths to over flow 
profusely and analysis was halted until calmer seas. This caused 
approximately 14 hours between collection and analysis for station 96. 
 

References 
 
Bradshaw, A.L. and Brewer, P.G., "High precision measurements of 
    alkalinity and total carbon dioxide in seawater by potentiometric 
    titration, 1: Presence of unknown protolyte(s)?," Mar. Chem., 23, 
    pp. 69-86 (1988).  

DOE, (U. S. Department of Energy), Handbook of Methods for the Analysis 
    of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater. 
    Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis 
    Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. (1994).  

Dickson, A.G., "An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure 
    for the estimation of alkalinity and total CO2 from titration 
    data," Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 28, pp. 609-623 (1981). 

Johansson, O. and Wedborg, M., "On the evaluation of potentiometric 
    titrations of seawater with hydrochloric acid," Oceanologica Acta, 
    5, pp. 209-218 (1982). 

Marinenko, G. and Taylor, J.K, "Electrochemical equivalents of benzoic 
    and oxalic acid," Anal. Chem., 40, pp. 1645-1651 (1968). 

Millero, F.J., Zhang, J-Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D.M., "Titration 
    alkalinity of seawater," Mar. Chem., 44, pp. 153-165 (1993b). 

Taylor, J.K. and Smith, S.W., "Precise coulometric titration of acids 
    and bases," J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds., 63, pp. 153-159 (1959).  
 


1.19.  Dissolved Organic Matter and Bacterial Samples 

  PI: C. Carlson, University of California, Santa Barbara
  Cruise Participants:  Rachel Henry, University of California, Santa 
    Barbara
  Support: NSF 


Project Goals 

The goal of the DOM project is to evaluate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 
total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations over along the P6 south Pacific 
line. During the P6 cruise, casts were specifically targeted in order to 
overlap with the TCO2 sampling program. 

Dissolved Organic Carbon and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (DOC/TDN )

DOC profiles were taken at approximately every other station (~1400 samples). 
Depending on the station depth, 12 - 36 Niskin bottles were sampled following 
directly behind the TCO2 sample draw. DOC samples were passed through an 
inline filter holding a combusted GF/F filter attached directly to the Niskin 
for samples in the top 500 m of each cast.  This was done to eliminated 
particles > than 0.7 µm from the sample. Samples from deeper depths were not 
filtered. Previous work has demonstrated that there is no resolvable 
difference between filtered and unfiltered sample in waters below the upper 
200 m at the µmol kg-1 resolution. High density polyethylene 60 ml sample 
bottles were 10% HCl cleaned and Mili-Q water rinsed. Filters were combusted 
at 450°C for overnight. Filter holders were 10% HCl cleaned and Mili-Q water 
rinsed. Samples were introduced into the sample bottles via pre-cleaned 
silicone tubing. Bottles were rinsed by sample for 3 times before filling. 
40-50 ml of water were taken for each sample. Samples were kept frozen at -
20C in the ship's freezer. Frozen samples will be shipped back by express 
shipping to UC Santa Barbara for analysis. All samples will be analyzed via 
the high temperature combustion technique on a Shimadzu TOC-V analyzer.  DOC 
analyses are expected to be complete within approximately 12 months of their 
return to the laboratory.  TDN samples will be analyzed for the surface 200 m 
from the same DOC sample bottle. 

Bacterial Abundance via Flow Cytometry

We also concurrently collect samples for bacterial abundance to compare the 
distribution to that of CDOM and DOC. We collected 1 profile per day, up to 
22 samples, 15 ml per sample.  They are prepped under fume hood, and stored 
in the ship's -80C freezer. Frozen samples will be shipped back by express 
shipping to UC Santa Barbara for analysis. Sample will be analyzed using a BD 
LSR II Flow cytometer.  



1.20.  Carbon Isotopes. 

14C - DIC 

Sampling was conducted for Ann McNichol's group from WHOI. 

14C samples were taken at ~ every 4 - 8 stations; deep and shallow profiles 
were interspersed along the transect. 14 stations were sampled in total. 
Bottles were cleaned at WHOI before the cruise. Samples were taken and sealed 
for storage according to the instructions provided by WHOI (1). Samples will 
be shipped back to WHOI for 14C analyses. 

(1) Measuring 14C in seawater total CO2 will be performed by 
    accelerator mass spectrometry, according to WHP Operation and 
    Methods, 



1.21.  Chromophoric DOM - A Photoactive Tracer of Geochemical Process

PIs:  N. Nelson, D. Siegel, C. Carlson
      University of California, Santa Barbara

Support:

NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry; NSF Chemical Oceanography

Field Team (P6 Leg 1):
  Chantal Swan (Post-doc), K. G. Fairbarn (Technician)
Field Team (P6 Leg 2):
  Norm Nelson (PI), K. G. Fairbarn (Technician)


Project Goals:

Our goals are to determine chromophoric dissolved matter (CDOM) distributions 
over a range of oceanic regimes on selected sections of the CO2/CLIVAR Repeat 
Hydrography survey, and to quantify and parameterize CDOM production and 
destruction processes with the goal of mathematically constraining the 
cycling of CDOM. CDOM is a poorly characterized organic matter pool that 
interacts with sunlight, leading to the photoproduction of climate-relevant 
trace gases, attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in the water column, 
and an impact upon ocean color that can be quantified using satellite 
imagery. We believe that the global distribution of CDOM in the open ocean is 
controlled by microbial production and solar bleaching in the upper water 
column, and relative rates of advection and remineralization in intermediate 
and deep waters. Furthermore, changes in the optical properties of CDOM and 
its relationship with DOC over time suggest the use of CDOM as an indicator 
of the prevalence of refractory DOC in the deep ocean. We are testing these 
hypotheses by a combination of field observation and controlled experiments. 
We are also interested in the deep-sea reservoir of CDOM and its origin and 
connection to surface waters and are making the first large-scale survey of 
the abundance of CDOM in the deep ocean. 


Activities on P6:

Profiling Instruments

Once each day we cast a hand-deployed free-fall Satlantic MicroPro II 
multichannel UV/Visible spectroradiometer. This instrument has 14 upwelling 
radiance sensors and 14 downwelling irradiance sensors in wavelength bands 
ranging from 305 to 683 nm. The package also mounts a WetLabs ECO chlorophyll 
fluorometer puck, plus ancillary sensors including X-Y tilt, internal and 
external temperatures. The instrument is allowed to trail away behind the 
port-side stern, then free-falls to 150m and is hand-recovered. We are using 
the radiometric data to study the effects of CDOM on the underwater light 
environment, to validate satellite ocean radiance sensor data, and to develop 
new algorithms employing satellite and in situ optical sensor data to 
retrieve ocean properties such as CDOM light absorbance, chlorophyll 
concentration, and particulate backscattering. 

On the core CTD/rosette we deploy a WetLabs UV fluorometer (Ex 370 nm, Em 460 
nm), which stimulates and measures fluorescence of CDOM. We are evaluating 
the use of this instrument to supplement or enhance bottle CDOM measurements, 
as bottle samples often do not have the depth resolution needed to resolve 
the observed strong near-surface gradients in CDOM concentration, and on 
cruises such as this we are not able to sample CDOM on every station. 
Differences between the fluorescence and absorption profiles may reveal 
gradients in chemical composition of CDOM. Signal to noise ratios for this 
instrument remain low for the open ocean areas that we are studying. 

(This fluorometer is typically ganged to a WetLabs C-star 660 nm 0.1m 
pathlength beam transmissometer belonging to Dr. Wilford Gardner, TAMU. The 
transmissometer is used to gauge particle load in the water column, which can 
be calibrated to produce estimates of particulate carbon. Decline of the 
particle load with depth can then be related to POC flux, another element of 
the carbon system. On P6 Leg 1, SIO's transmissometer was used, but will 
likely be switched out for Dr. Gardner's for Leg 2 of the transect.) 

Bottle Samples

CDOM is at present quantified by its light absorption properties. We are 
collecting samples of seawater for absorption spectroscopy on one deep ocean 
cast each day. CDOM is typically quantified as the absorption coefficient at 
a particular wavelength or wavelength range (we are using 325 nm). We 
determine CDOM at sea by measuring absorption spectra (280-730 nm) of 0.2um 
filtrates using a liquid waveguide spectrophotometer with a 200cm cell. On 
previous CLIVAR cruises I8S and I9N, duplicate samples were collected at a 
rate of ca. 2 samples per cast. RMS differences in absorption coefficient at 
325 nm between the duplicate samples were just over 0.003 m-1, which is ca. 
4% of the average absorption coefficient at that wavelength. On P6 Leg 1, 
technical problems were encountered with components of the liquid waveguide 
spectrophotometer, precluding at-sea analysis of CDOM from bottle samples. 
Samples were therefore collected at a lower frequency (every other day) at 18 
- 24 depths during P6 Leg 1 and stored at 4C on board for later on-shore 
spectroscopic analysis.  Replacement components of the spectrophotometer 
system delivered for Leg 2 should allow us to resume on-board absorption 
measurements of CDOM from bottle samples. 

We also concurrently collect samples for bacterial abundance at 24 depths 
once per day to compare the distributions to those of CDOM and DOC. 

Because of the connections to light availability and remote sensing, we 
collect bottle samples in the top 200m for chlorophyll analysis in addition 
to surface samples (from the ship's uncontaminated seawater system) for 
chlorophyll, carotenoid, and mycosporine-like amino acid pigment analysis 
(HPLC) and particulate absorption (spectrophotometric). We are sporadically 
collecting large volume (ca. 1L) samples for CDOM characterization 
experiments back at UCSB, and occasionally collecting large volume (2L) 
samples for POC analysis to compare with transmissometer data. We have the 
cooperation of the Trace Metals group for the large-volume subsurface samples 
for CDOM characterization from their Go-Flo bottles. We are only analyzing 
the CDOM and chlorophyll a at sea and the rest of the samples we prepare and 
store for analysis on shore. 

Flow-through Measurements of surface-ocean Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs)

P6 serves as the first test cruise for a new underway optical data 
acquisition system developed at UCSB. This system utilizes the uncontaminated 
ship's seawater supply and an array of instrumentation to continuously 
quantify the absorption and backscattering of light in the surface ocean 
along the transect. These data supplement our bottle measurements of optical 
properties, as well as underwater light profiles conducted along P6, and will 
be used in various bio-optical studies and in the validation/calibration of 
ocean color satellite data. In brief, the system consists of a vortex 
debubbler, 0.2um filter, several flow sensors, a WetLabs AC-S in situ 
spectrophotometer for determination of absorption and beam attenuation 
coefficients, a WetLabs ECO BB scattering meter for determination of the 
volume scattering function due to particles, and an SBE 45 MicroTSG 
thermosalinograph for conductivity/temperature measurements. The system is 
automated through Based-based software installed on a PC laptop. (Software 
records ship GPS feed.) 

Aerosol Optical Depth Measurements

We have taken measurements with a Microtops II Sun photometer at various 
points along P6 Leg 1. This small, handheld instrument (with associated 
handheld GPS meter) is utilized on deck during sunlit hours when clear sky 
conditions (i.e., no cloud cover) permit. The instrument provides 
measurements of aerosol optical depth (amount of photons removed from a beam 
of sunlight due to aerosols in the atmosphere) and are used within NASA's 
AERONET Maritime Aerosol Network to supplement land-based observations and 
validate satellite and aerosol transport models. These data are periodically 
uploaded and found at 

http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/maritime_aerosol_network.html
 


1.22.  DNA/RNA Report

CLIVAR P6 2009 Leg 1 Brisbane to Papeete

Contact: Scott Grant
         University of Hawaii at Manoa
         1000 Pope Road
         Honolulu, HI 96822
         <srgrant@hawaii.edu>

Samples of 3 Liters of unfiltered sea water were taken from the shallowest 
depth, nominally 20m bottle 12, from the Trace Metal casts, collected in a 4L 
polycarbonate bottle. The sea water was filtered immediately through three 
0.2 micron, 25mm Pall Supor PES filters held by Swinex filter holders, using 
peristaltic pump with Masterflex L/S 25 tubing at speed setting four. 
Filtration was run for 15 minutes, or until the water had been emptied and 
~1L had been filtered through each filter. Overflow was collected for 
measuring filtered volumes. Immediately after filtration finished, filters 
were removed and placed 2ml microcentrifuge cryovials containing 0.5ml of DNA 
Lysis Buffer and 0.5ml of RNA Buffer (Qiagen RLT + betamercaptoethanol). A 
single DNA sample was used, while duplicate RNA samples were taken at each 
station. Sample were then immediately flash frozen in -80°C Absolute Ethanol, 
removed after flash freezing from the alcohol, and kept at -80°C for storage. 
Flow Cytometry samples for picoplankton enumeration were taken by fixing 2ml 
of sea water with 0.5ml (16% Aq.) methanol-free paraformaldehyde (0.4% v/v 
Final), fixed for one hour in the fridge at 4°C, followed by a flash freeze 
in -80°C alcohol, and samples were also kept at -80°C for storage. 

DNA, RNA, and flow cytometry will all be analyzed back at University of 
Hawaii. The first order information from the DNA & RNA sampling will be 
concentration of particulate (> 0.2 micron) DNA & RNA with units:

[DNA] (microg/L)
[RNA] (microg/L)

Flow cytometric samples will provide enumeration of cyanobacteria with units:

[Prochlorococcus] (cells/L)
[Synechococcus] (cells/L)



1.23.  Trace metal hydrographic casts P6

Contact person: Chris Measures
                Department of Oceanography
                University of Hawaii
                Honolulu HI 96822
                Phone 808-956-8693
                Email: chrism@soest.hawaii.edu

Hydrographic sampling for the trace elements Al and Fe was conducted during 
the CLIVAR P6 cruise aboard the R. V. Melville. In total 60 stations were 
occupied at approximately 1˚ longitude spacing yielding a total of 709 
subsamples. Data generated onboard were submitted to the shipboard data 
assembly system and each parameter on each subsample was assigned a quality 
flag. 

Samples were collected using a specially designed rosette system which 
consists of 12 x12L GoFlo bottles mounted on a powder coated rosette frame. 
The package was equipped with a Sea-Bird SBE 911 ctd that also had an SBE 43 
oxygen sensor and a Wet Labs fl1 fluorometer. The package was lowered using a 
Kevlar conducting cable and bottles were tripped at predetermined depths from 
the ship using a deck box (Measures et al., 2008). 

As the TM rosette was coming aboard at the end of station 79, cast 2, the 
core of the Kevlar cable parted and the rosette fell ~ 4 ft to the deck. The 
sheath of the cable stretched but did not break. It seems as though the break 
point coincided with the maximum stress point on the cable as it comes around 
the top roller on the winch as the A frame moves to its vertical position. 
The bend on the cable at this point is the maximum and several times during 
this cruise the winch had jerked as the rosette was lifted on board, further 
stressing this point of the cable. The upper part of the frame was bent 
significantly by this drop, causing problems with bottle mounting and 
dismounting. The frame was partially bent back towards its initial shape in 
order to circumvent this problem. The ctd appeared to suffer no damage as a 
result of this drop. After the cable was reterminated the ctd and pylon were 
tested on the deck and all appeared to be working correctly. This first 
deployment after the retermination also showed no problems. 

Sub samples were collected from the GO-FLO bottles in the TM van using 
previously documented procedures. Dissolved Al and Fe were determined on 
these water samples using Flow Injection Analysis (C. I. Measures, University 
of Hawaii). In addition samples were collected for shore based ICPMS 
determinations of dissolved and dissolvable Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb by 
isotope dilution (W. M. Landing, FSU). Particulate samples were also 
collected for shore based determination of trace elements by EDXRF (Joe 
Resing, NOAA/PMEL). Aerosol samples were not collected during this cruise. 






                                                Appendix A 

                     CLIVAR P06: CTD Temperature and Conductivity Corrections Summary 

        ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients                       Conductivity Coefficients  
 Sta/   corT = tp2*corP2 + tp1*corP + t0           corC = cp2*corP2 + cp1*corP + c2*C2 + c1*C + c0  
 Cast      tp2          tp1         t0         cp2           cp1           c2           c1           c0  
------  ----------  -----------  --------  -----------  ------------  ------------  -----------  ---------
001/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006322  
002/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006310  
003/05  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006239  
003/06  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006212  
004/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006192  
005/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006164  
006/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006138  
007/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006109  
008/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.006079  
009/02  0           -3.7916e-07  0.000313  1.59638e-10  -1.11819e-06   0            7.77210e-05   0.001067  T2C2  
010/01  0           -3.7916e-07  0.000313  1.59638e-10  -1.11819e-06   0            7.77210e-05   0.001137  T2C2  
011/03  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005976  
012/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005943  
013/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005911  
014/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005883  
015/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005850  
016/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005826  
017/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005797  
018/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005768  
019/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005738  
020/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005720  
021/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005701  
022/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005681  
023/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005652  
024/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005631  
025/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005612  
026/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005589  
027/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005565  
028/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005549  
029/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005534  
030/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005513  
031/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005496  
032/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005478  
033/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005461  
034/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005446  
035/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005432  
036/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005408  
037/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005389  
038/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005375  
039/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005357  
040/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005338  
041/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005318  


        ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients                       Conductivity Coefficients  
 Sta/   corT = tp2*corP2 + tp1*corP + t0           corC = cp2*corP2 + cp1*corP + c2*C2 + c1*C + c0  
 Cast      tp2          tp1         t0         cp2           cp1           c2           c1           c0  
------  ----------  -----------  --------  -----------  ------------  ------------  -----------  ---------
042/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005302  
043/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005289  
044/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005273  
045/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005254  
046/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005239  
047/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005226  
048/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004910  
049/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005144  
050/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005135  
051/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005127  
052/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005117  
053/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005105  
054/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005092  
055/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005081  
056/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005070  
057/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005059  
058/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005043  
059/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005029  
060/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005017  
061/03  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.005004  
062/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004994  
063/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004986  
064/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004974  
065/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004963  
066/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004954  
067/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004946  
068/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004937  
069/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004929  
070/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004924  
071/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004919  
072/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004911  
073/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004904  
074/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004901  
075/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004896  
076/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000098  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004892  
077/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004886  
078/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004881  
079/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004877  
080/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004871  
081/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004866  
082/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004863  
083/03  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004859  
084/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004857  
085/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004856  
086/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004854  


        ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients                       Conductivity Coefficients  
 Sta/   corT = tp2*corP2 + tp1*corP + t0           corC = cp2*corP2 + cp1*corP + c2*C2 + c1*C + c0  
 Cast      tp2          tp1         t0         cp2           cp1           c2           c1           c0  
------  ----------  -----------  --------  -----------  ------------  ------------  -----------  ---------
087/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004853  
088/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004853  
089/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004853  
090/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004854  
091/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004855  
092/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004856  
093/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004857  
094/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004859  
095/03  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004863  
096/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004866  
097/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004887  
098/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004895  
099/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004905  
100/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004914  
101/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  1.85415e-10  -1.31127e-06  -5.44871e-06  4.30902e-04  -0.004924  
102/01  0           -3.7916e-07  0.000579  1.59638e-10  -1.11819e-06   0            7.77210e-05   0.005191  T2C2  
103/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.014980  
104/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015250  
105/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015268  
106/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015286  
107/03  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015308  
108/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015325  
109/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015344  
110/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015368  
111/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015386  
112/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015407  
113/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015427  
114/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015447  
115/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015468  
116/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015485  
117/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015501  
118/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015521  
119/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015540  
120/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015557  
121/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015577  
122/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015593  
123/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015611  
124/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015631  
125/02  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015650  
126/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015667  
127/01  2.7410e-11  -2.4157e-07  0.000399  6.35162e-11  -3.60325e-07  -1.19181e-05  9.09133e-04  -0.015935  





                                              Appendix B

                            Summary of CLIVAR P06 CTD Oxygen Time Constants
                                      (time constants in seconds)

                      CLIVAR P06: Conversion Equation Coefficients for CTD Oxygen
                                      (refer to Equation 1.7.4.0)

                                                                        dOc        dP
                                                                        ---coeff   --coeff 
 Sta/    OcSlope    Offset  Phcoeff  Tl coeff   Tscoeff     Pl coeff     dt        dt        Tdtcoeff
 Cast     (c1)      (c3)    (c2)      (c4)       (c5)        (c6)         (c7)       (c8)      (c9)  
------  ---------  ------  ------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -------  ---------
001/01  6.771e-04  -0.340   6.572   1.255e-02  -1.638e-02  -1.446e-03  -1.832e-03     0     -0.017980
002/01  2.393e-04   0.005   0.004   7.086e-06   3.062e-02   1.226e-03   1.992e-05     0      0.000060
003/05  5.343e-04  -0.375   1.078   1.590e-02  -2.352e-03   5.059e-05   5.782e-03     0     -0.021902
003/06  5.166e-04  -0.176  -0.003  -9.560e-04   5.091e-03   1.255e-04   4.523e-04     0     -0.001679
004/01  5.986e-04  -0.245  -0.043   3.347e-03  -4.466e-03   1.276e-04  -6.513e-03     0      0.015557
005/02  5.762e-04  -0.238  -0.071  -2.829e-03   3.989e-03   1.462e-04   5.465e-03     0      0.002440
006/01  5.396e-04  -0.225  -0.075  -5.768e-03   1.108e-02   1.745e-04  -2.149e-04     0     -0.005328
007/02  5.318e-04  -0.196   0.001   4.307e-03  -1.262e-03   1.328e-04   1.739e-03     0      0.004380
008/01  5.341e-04  -0.197  -0.043   1.806e-03   1.799e-03   1.446e-04   2.093e-03     0      0.004821
009/02  5.495e-04  -0.222  -0.047  -1.768e-03   5.572e-03   1.546e-04   1.417e-03     0     -0.000035
010/01  5.474e-04  -0.206   0.006   1.355e-03   8.955e-04   1.273e-04   3.362e-03     0      0.003346
011/03  5.542e-04  -0.219  -0.006   2.771e-04   2.339e-03   1.356e-04  -1.036e-03     0      0.003036
012/01  5.791e-04  -0.241   0.039  -2.505e-03   3.925e-03   1.199e-04  -8.166e-03     0      0.001959
013/01  5.638e-04  -0.222   0.043  -6.662e-04   2.473e-03   1.165e-04  -1.683e-03     0      0.003579
014/01  5.797e-04  -0.235   0.038   1.900e-03  -1.435e-03   1.164e-04  -2.289e-03     0      0.007798
015/02  5.581e-04  -0.212   0.021   2.511e-03  -6.810e-04   1.195e-04  -1.208e-02     0      0.007423
016/01  5.782e-04  -0.243   0.018  -1.491e-03   3.207e-03   1.290e-04  -4.595e-03     0      0.002324
017/01  5.481e-04  -0.206  -0.012   6.227e-04   2.268e-03   1.333e-04  -2.692e-03     0      0.004250
018/02  5.690e-04  -0.236  -0.034  -2.782e-03   5.326e-03   1.470e-04  -4.065e-03     0      0.001269
019/02  6.660e-04  -0.295  -0.004  -2.524e-03  -1.359e-03   1.043e-04  -5.298e-03     0      0.012363
020/01  6.892e-04  -0.284  -0.379  -6.538e-03   4.043e-04   1.778e-04   1.148e-04     0      0.016531
021/01  4.335e-04  -0.160   0.181   5.383e-03   7.091e-03   1.615e-04   2.918e-04     0     -0.012252
022/01  6.249e-04  -0.245  -0.080  -2.538e-03  -2.947e-05   1.178e-04   1.308e-03     0      0.012349
023/02  5.821e-04  -0.243  -0.052  -1.315e-03   2.481e-03   1.477e-04   1.536e-03     0      0.004536
024/01  6.477e-04  -0.267  -0.120  -2.905e-03  -8.330e-04   1.280e-04  -2.551e-05     0      0.013415
025/01  6.971e-04  -0.307   0.153  -1.406e-03  -4.589e-03   4.028e-05  -1.686e-03     0      0.014894
026/01  5.037e-04  -0.178   0.342   2.683e-03   3.090e-03   4.057e-05  -4.722e-03     0     -0.006950
027/02  5.304e-04  -0.193   0.086  -1.997e-03   5.633e-03   9.977e-05   4.199e-03     0     -0.004986
028/01  5.964e-04  -0.296   0.018   6.188e-03  -4.240e-03   2.069e-04   1.854e-03     0      0.014752
029/01  5.118e-04  -0.204   0.529   3.757e-03   2.194e-03   2.782e-05   3.045e-03     0     -0.008172
030/01  5.123e-04  -0.208  -0.087   2.976e-04   6.043e-03   2.077e-04  -2.581e-03     0     -0.001110
031/02  5.797e-04  -0.221  -0.048  -6.703e-03   7.247e-03   9.870e-05   9.677e-04     0     -0.002169
032/01  5.370e-04  -0.249   0.412   4.108e-03   1.651e-03   7.282e-05   2.246e-03     0     -0.007538
033/02  5.893e-04  -0.246   0.067  -4.441e-03   5.135e-03   9.739e-05   2.014e-03     0      0.000269
034/01  5.528e-04  -0.171   0.244  -1.183e-04   5.665e-04   1.369e-05  -7.685e-04     0      0.003037
035/01  5.684e-04  -0.240  -0.063  -1.829e-03   4.101e-03   1.624e-04   4.107e-04     0      0.001924


                                                                        dOc        dP
                                                                        ---coeff   --coeff 
 Sta/    OcSlope    Offset  Phcoeff  Tl coeff   Tscoeff     Pl coeff     dt        dt        Tdtcoeff
 Cast     (c1)      (c3)    (c2)      (c4)       (c5)        (c6)         (c7)       (c8)      (c9)  
------  ---------  ------  ------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -------  ---------
036/01  5.247e-04  -0.211  -0.166  -2.201e-03   7.519e-03   2.065e-04  -1.222e-03     0     -0.002706
037/02  4.831e-04  -0.154  -0.084   1.264e-03   5.953e-03   1.574e-04  -3.899e-03     0     -0.002240
038/01  5.294e-04  -0.191  -0.042   7.579e-04   3.162e-03   1.412e-04  -1.226e-03     0      0.002517
039/01  5.018e-04  -0.189  -0.018   1.529e-03   5.246e-03   1.631e-04   4.628e-03     0     -0.005087
040/01  5.334e-04  -0.209  -0.055  -3.056e-03   7.793e-03   1.607e-04  -1.986e-03     0     -0.003123
041/02  5.028e-04  -0.190  -0.106  -8.431e-04   7.728e-03   1.892e-04  -2.328e-03     0     -0.003009
042/01  5.079e-04  -0.185  -0.005   5.869e-04   5.310e-03   1.575e-04  -1.797e-03     0     -0.001436
043/01  7.211e-04  -0.208  -0.593  -1.690e-02   5.214e-03   3.768e-05   3.138e-03     0      0.003011
044/02  5.296e-04  -0.195   0.015  -1.659e-03   6.058e-03   1.260e-04   2.546e-03     0     -0.002766
045/02  4.713e-04  -0.142   0.054  -1.918e-03   9.796e-03   1.154e-04  -8.087e-03     0     -0.010476
046/01  4.838e-04  -0.150   0.019   8.551e-04   6.065e-03   1.224e-04  -1.468e-03     0     -0.004589
047/01  5.596e-04  -0.201  -0.040  -5.346e-04   1.959e-03   1.221e-04  -3.411e-03     0      0.007690
048/01  5.766e-04  -0.250  -0.039  -4.717e-04   2.366e-03   1.586e-04  -4.640e-03     0      0.004514
049/02  5.796e-04  -0.243  -0.100  -2.451e-03   3.883e-03   1.634e-04   2.147e-03     0      0.003364
050/01  4.144e-04  -0.120   0.700   5.198e-03   8.687e-03   1.079e-04  -7.072e-03     0     -0.006420
051/02  5.025e-04  -0.177  -0.081   8.754e-05   6.398e-03   1.647e-04  -1.547e-03     0     -0.001849
052/01  5.285e-04  -0.194  -0.028   1.067e-03   3.071e-03   1.396e-04   7.572e-04     0     -0.000091
053/01  5.450e-04  -0.205   0.096  -2.732e-03   6.173e-03   9.650e-05   1.807e-03     0     -0.003505
054/01  4.165e-04  -0.175   0.137   1.019e-02   6.563e-03   2.454e-04   1.547e-03     0     -0.011625
055/02  4.985e-04  -0.187  -0.069   5.024e-04   6.630e-03   1.765e-04   9.660e-04     0     -0.006197
056/01  5.848e-04  -0.253  -0.033  -2.564e-03   4.584e-03   1.531e-04  -6.829e-04     0      0.002666
057/01  5.203e-04  -0.194  -0.107   1.142e-03   4.283e-03   1.722e-04  -3.701e-04     0      0.000406
058/01  5.443e-04  -0.220  -0.015  -4.823e-03   9.157e-03   1.478e-04  -5.426e-03     0     -0.006724
059/02  5.183e-04  -0.195  -0.100  -8.873e-04   6.520e-03   1.729e-04  -2.694e-03     0     -0.003829
060/01  5.748e-04  -0.220   0.086   2.037e-03  -1.246e-03   9.097e-05   1.867e-03     0      0.007627
061/03  5.329e-04  -0.188   0.011   1.129e-03   2.816e-03   1.181e-04   3.545e-03     0      0.002755
062/01  5.634e-04  -0.236  -0.044  -2.420e-03   5.108e-03   1.581e-04  -2.370e-03     0     -0.001118
063/01  5.115e-04  -0.182  -0.048  -3.638e-03   9.884e-03   1.473e-04  -6.443e-03     0     -0.006639
064/01  5.544e-04  -0.218  -0.004   1.664e-03   1.275e-03   1.337e-04   2.374e-03     0      0.003138
065/02  5.602e-04  -0.226  -0.010  -7.943e-04   3.787e-03   1.388e-04  -1.130e-03     0      0.002949
066/01  5.403e-04  -0.207  -0.006  -3.188e-03   7.151e-03   1.363e-04  -2.994e-03     0     -0.004003
067/01  5.428e-04  -0.219  -0.059  -3.713e-03   8.072e-03   1.635e-04  -2.810e-03     0     -0.004033
068/02  5.461e-04  -0.200  -0.030   1.529e-03   1.116e-03   1.302e-04   4.135e-03     0      0.003857
069/02  5.038e-04  -0.120   0.083   2.349e-04   3.045e-03   5.066e-05  -5.531e-03     0      0.000434
070/01  4.887e-04  -0.180  -0.127  -1.322e-03   1.007e-02   1.946e-04   2.441e-03     0     -0.009621
071/01  5.232e-04  -0.204  -0.068  -3.637e-03   1.013e-02   1.694e-04  -3.892e-03     0     -0.005840
072/02  5.371e-04  -0.210  -0.056   1.718e-03   2.101e-03   1.588e-04   5.132e-04     0     -0.000354
073/02  5.433e-04  -0.222   0.112  -2.035e-05   4.197e-03   1.181e-04  -3.718e-03     0     -0.004110
074/01  5.608e-04  -0.230  -0.092  -3.521e-03   6.666e-03   1.677e-04  -7.474e-04     0      0.000390
075/01  5.423e-04  -0.211  -0.031   1.478e-03   2.962e-03   1.481e-04   4.276e-03     0      0.003247
076/01  5.497e-04  -0.224  -0.049  -2.903e-03   6.637e-03   1.571e-04  -4.122e-03     0     -0.002975
077/02  5.683e-04  -0.231  -0.005   1.864e-03  -1.933e-04   1.359e-04  -2.179e-03     0      0.006127
078/01  5.671e-04  -0.233  -0.001  -2.803e-03   5.397e-03   1.366e-04  -3.239e-03     0     -0.000375
079/01  5.618e-04  -0.229  -0.020  -7.664e-03   1.048e-02   1.435e-04   2.146e-04     0     -0.006907
080/02  5.980e-04  -0.259   0.036  -5.766e-03   6.821e-03   1.225e-04   7.122e-04     0     -0.000626
081/02  5.750e-04  -0.234   0.002  -1.156e-03   2.484e-03   1.324e-04  -4.892e-03     0      0.003449
082/01  5.401e-04  -0.210  -0.062  -4.312e-03   9.326e-03   1.593e-04   1.785e-03     0     -0.004445
083/03  5.879e-04  -0.245   0.010   8.573e-04   5.943e-05   1.295e-04   4.032e-03     0      0.006495


                                                                        dOc        dP
                                                                        ---coeff   --coeff 
 Sta/    OcSlope    Offset  Phcoeff  Tl coeff   Tscoeff     Pl coeff     dt        dt        Tdtcoeff
 Cast     (c1)      (c3)    (c2)      (c4)       (c5)        (c6)         (c7)       (c8)      (c9)  
------  ---------  ------  ------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -------  ---------
084/01  5.961e-04  -0.253   0.022  -5.364e-03   6.207e-03   1.262e-04  -2.825e-03     0      0.001549
085/01  5.603e-04  -0.226  -0.027  -3.198e-03   6.280e-03   1.464e-04  -5.020e-04     0     -0.002296
086/01  5.697e-04  -0.232  -0.027  -2.776e-04   2.401e-03   1.450e-04   1.710e-03     0      0.001946
087/02  5.260e-04  -0.194  -0.094   1.626e-03   3.373e-03   1.674e-04   2.864e-03     0      0.000132
088/01  5.428e-04  -0.207  -0.062  -1.164e-03   5.270e-03   1.559e-04  -1.709e-03     0     -0.000534
089/02  5.697e-04  -0.232  -0.022  -8.749e-04   3.493e-03   1.430e-04   1.218e-03     0      0.002283
090/01  5.837e-04  -0.240   0.001   1.178e-03  -1.329e-04   1.328e-04  -4.129e-03     0      0.006322
091/02  5.432e-04  -0.211  -0.078  -1.801e-03   6.043e-03   1.649e-04   2.204e-03     0     -0.002867
092/01  5.577e-04  -0.206   0.535   4.111e-04   1.821e-03  -2.826e-05   5.084e-03     0     -0.009790
093/02  5.648e-04  -0.227  -0.024   1.087e-03   1.516e-03   1.442e-04  -1.102e-03     0      0.004140
094/01  5.360e-04  -0.205  -0.072  -1.767e-03   6.743e-03   1.622e-04  -3.041e-03     0     -0.004599
095/03  5.286e-04  -0.200  -0.102  -2.241e-03   7.779e-03   1.736e-04  -3.756e-03     0     -0.004363
096/01  5.291e-04  -0.199  -0.134  -9.486e-03   1.613e-02   1.848e-04   1.438e-03     0     -0.008390
097/01  5.410e-04  -0.206  -0.084  -3.572e-03   7.643e-03   1.644e-04  -4.593e-04     0     -0.006570
098/01  5.580e-04  -0.218  -0.024  -2.196e-03   5.296e-03   1.420e-04   1.828e-03     0     -0.001373
099/01  5.347e-04  -0.204  -0.057   1.824e-03   2.962e-03   1.571e-04   1.176e-03     0     -0.001084
100/01  6.106e-04  -0.260   0.009   1.453e-03  -1.583e-03   1.269e-04  -4.741e-03     0      0.011887
101/01  5.831e-04  -0.239   0.015   2.761e-05   1.013e-03   1.272e-04   2.897e-03     0      0.003710
102/01  5.455e-04  -0.212  -0.054   1.313e-03   2.825e-03   1.556e-04   2.107e-03     0      0.000905
103/01  5.620e-04  -0.224  -0.041  -1.313e-03   3.874e-03   1.499e-04   2.528e-03     0      0.000097
104/02  7.039e-04  -0.342   0.173  -1.857e-03  -4.212e-03   6.495e-05  -6.167e-03     0      0.015876
105/02  5.740e-04  -0.234  -0.025  -1.810e-04   2.050e-03   1.435e-04   4.840e-03     0      0.002096
106/01  5.752e-04  -0.233  -0.010   1.400e-03   3.906e-04   1.369e-04   3.592e-03     0      0.004226
107/03  5.868e-04  -0.243   0.021  -6.658e-04   1.688e-03   1.260e-04   5.046e-03     0      0.004433
108/01  5.514e-04  -0.213  -0.030  -3.510e-03   7.034e-03   1.445e-04   3.859e-03     0     -0.003824
109/01  5.141e-04  -0.187  -0.109  -1.539e-03   7.815e-03   1.750e-04   6.194e-03     0     -0.008302
110/01  5.264e-04  -0.195  -0.114  -7.163e-04   5.763e-03   1.747e-04   1.365e-03     0     -0.005088
111/01  5.521e-04  -0.214  -0.018   3.154e-04   2.980e-03   1.407e-04   4.419e-04     0      0.000444
112/02  5.790e-04  -0.241  -0.019  -1.722e-03   3.473e-03   1.431e-04  -1.035e-03     0      0.002469
113/02  5.824e-04  -0.240  -0.034  -5.187e-04   1.982e-03   1.461e-04   2.409e-03     0      0.004569
114/01  5.564e-04  -0.220  -0.051   1.541e-04   2.944e-03   1.535e-04   4.450e-03     0      0.000047
115/02  5.581e-04  -0.223  -0.038  -9.259e-04   4.044e-03   1.506e-04   3.764e-03     0     -0.000870
116/01  5.743e-04  -0.232  -0.042  -1.177e-04   1.892e-03   1.479e-04   4.067e-04     0      0.004494
117/01  5.667e-04  -0.223  -0.015   6.447e-05   2.042e-03   1.373e-04  -9.259e-04     0      0.002980
118/01  5.080e-04  -0.185  -0.143   1.605e-03   4.847e-03   1.888e-04  -2.259e-03     0     -0.004807
119/02  5.528e-04  -0.217  -0.060   5.024e-04   2.962e-03   1.573e-04   1.691e-03     0      0.000792
120/01  5.692e-04  -0.233  -0.048  -8.751e-04   3.185e-03   1.539e-04   1.327e-03     0      0.001682
121/02  5.115e-04  -0.184  -0.089   1.337e-03   4.911e-03   1.675e-04   6.961e-03     0     -0.005863
122/01  5.119e-04  -0.184  -0.134   1.899e-03   3.938e-03   1.822e-04   5.576e-03     0     -0.006464
123/01  5.498e-04  -0.212  -0.055   1.153e-03   2.186e-03   1.537e-04   4.203e-03     0      0.000438
124/01  5.603e-04  -0.224  -0.037  -1.655e-04   3.145e-03   1.493e-04   2.361e-03     0      0.000511
125/02  5.456e-04  -0.210  -0.130   1.634e-03   2.173e-03   1.807e-04   2.753e-03     0      0.003635
126/01  6.240e-04  -0.275   0.025   4.551e-04  -1.498e-03   1.237e-04   3.599e-03     0      0.010325
127/01  5.515e-04  -0.217  -0.072  -5.750e-05   3.664e-03   1.621e-04   2.956e-03     0     -0.001678






                                   Appendix C

                      CLIVAR P06: Bottle Quality Comments

Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of STS/ODF's data 
investigations are included in this report. Units stated in these comments 
are degrees Celsius for temperature, Unless otherwise noted, milliliters per 
liter for oxygen and micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and 
Phosphate. The sample number is the cast number times 100 plus the bottle 
number. Investigation of data may include comparison of bottle salinity and 
oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots of the station profile and 
adjoining stations, and re- reading of charts (i.e. nutrients).

Station  Sample            Qual. 
 /Cast   No.     Property  Code  Comment
-------  ------  --------  ----  ----------------------------------------------
  1/1    101     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    102     reft      3     SBE35T -0.015/-0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.


  1/1    103     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

  1/1    104     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045/+0.050 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    106     reft      3     SBE35T -0.105/-0.115 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    125     reft      3     SBE35T -0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

  1/1    126     reft      3     SBE35T -0.035/-0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    128     reft      3     SBE35T -0.070/-0.065 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    129     reft      3     SBE35T +0.070/+0.080 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  1/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.050 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  2/1    101     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    101     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    101     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    101     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    102     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    102     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    102     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    102     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    103     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    103     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    103     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    103     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    104     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    104     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    104     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    104     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.      

  2/1    105     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    105     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    105     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    105     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    106     no2       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    106     no3       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    106     po4       2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  2/1    106     sio3      2     nutrient samples left lid-down and out on deck 
                                 for several hours.

  3/5    501     bottle    3     Leak: open valve, niskin leaking from 
                                 bottom.

  3/6    614     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further titration 13 ABORTED. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

  3/6    619     o2        3     O2 analyst: Further titration 15 ABORTED, 38 
                                 ABORT, last bit of titration, previous addition 
                                 was 0.524ml, total should be 
                                 0.5278.

  3/6    620     salt      2     Salt Analyst: Thimble came out with cap.

  3/6    622     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further titration 15 ABORT. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

  3/6    625     salt      2     Bottle salt value +0.08 vs. CTDS1, code 
                                 questionable.

  3/6    626     CTDT2     3      CTDT2 -0.025 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

  3/6    628     o2        2     O2 bottle value -14 umol/kg from downcast 
                                 profile, questionable.

  3/6    632     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  3/6    633     reft      3     SBE35T +0.02 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

  3/6    634     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

  4/1    102     o2        3     Sample is lower than profile and adjacent 
                                 casts.

  4/1    106     o2        2     O2 analyst: 6, out of sequence. O2 bottle value 
                                 matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

  4/1    122     sio3      3     High compared to profile and adjoining 
                                 stations. No corresponding feature in other 
                                 nutrient or oxy parameters. No 
                                 analytical errors noted.

  4/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.060/+0.055 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  4/1    132     o2        4     "floating crap in sample - possible bad 
                                 measurement."

  5/2    201     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further titration 4 ABORTED. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

  5/2    204     salt      2     Salt Analyst: BTL4 Thimble came out with cap

  5/2    208     salt      3     Salt Analyst: BTL4 Thimble came out with cap. 
                                 Bottle Salt +0.03 vs. CTDS1/S2, code 
                                 questionable.

  5/2    208     sio3      3     High compared to profile and adjoining 
                                 stations. No corresponding feature in other 
                                 nutrient or oxy parameters. No 
                                 analytical errors noted.

  5/2    215     salt      2     Salt Analyst: BTL4 Thimble came out with cap

  5/2    231     salt      2     Salt Analyst: BTL4 Thimble came out with cap

  6/1    102     reft      3     SBE35T -0.002 vs CTDT1/CTDT2 (deep); unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading for deep, code questionable.

  6/1    105     bottle    2     Pressure release tab not tight on niskin.
                                 
  6/1    105     o2        2     O2 bottle value +1.80umol/kg from profile, high 
                                 for deep sample.

  6/1    119     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0007. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

  6/1    130     bottle    2     Bubbles coming from niskin.

  6/1    130     o2        3     Sample value +15.40umol/kg from upcast profile 
                                 and high for previous cast.

  6/1    131     o2        3     Sample value +12.19umol/kg from upcast profile 
                                 and high for previous cast.         

  6/1    132     o2        3     Sample value -16.28umol/kg from upcast profile 
                                 and high for previous cast.

  6/1    134     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

  6/1    135     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.060/+0.165 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

  6/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T -0.105/-0.165 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  7/2    201     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    201     o2        3     Bottle o2 value seems high compared to sample 
                                 102 on station 8 at same pot.temp, and appears 
                                 to distort CTDO fit. Used 8-102 
                                 for CTDO fit at bottom on station 7. Code 
                                 bottle o2 questionable.

  7/2    201     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    201     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    202     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.


  7/2    202     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    202     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    203     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    203     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    203     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    204     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    204     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    204     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    205     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    205     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    205     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    206     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    206     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    206     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    207     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    207     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    207     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.         
                                 
  7/2    208     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    208     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    208     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    209     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    209     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    209     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    210     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    210     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    210     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    211     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    211     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    211     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    212     bottle    2     Package moved during trip.

  7/2    212     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles. 


  7/2    212     o2        4     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.4137 overtitrated by mistake, 
                                 endpoint was ˜0.4141. O2 bottle 
                                 value -22 umol/kg vs CTDO2. See bottle comment.

  7/2    212     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    212     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    213     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    213     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    213     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    214     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    214     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    214     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    215     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    215     o2        2     O2 analyst: Stopper 837 in flask 1304 (also see 
                                 bottle 16). O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles.

  7/2    215     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.            

  7/2    215     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    216     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    216     o2        2     O2 analyst: Stopper 1304 in Flask 837 (see 
                                 bottle  15). O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles.

  7/2    216     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    216     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    217     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    217     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    217     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    218     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    218     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    218     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    219     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    219     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    219     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.


  7/2    220     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    220     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    220     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    221     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    221     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    221     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    222     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    222     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    222     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    223     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    223     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.         

  7/2    223     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    224     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    224     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    224     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    225     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    225     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    225     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    226     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    226     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    226     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    227     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    227     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    227     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    228     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    228     o2        4     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  O2 bottle value -21 umol/kg vs 
                                 CTDO2. See bottle comment.

  7/2    228     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    228     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    229     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    229     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    229     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    230     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    230     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    230     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    231     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    231     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.         

  7/2    231     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    232     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    232     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    232     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    233     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    233     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    233     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    234     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    234     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    234     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  7/2    234     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    235     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    235     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    235     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  7/2    236     no3       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    236     po4       4     auto-analyzer error. code bad all bottles.

  7/2    236     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  7/2    236     salt      2     Salt Analyst: "probably a bad standard bottle" 
                                 at start; deep salts low by 0.007 vs CTDS. 
                                 Assumed end standard is correct, 
                                 adjusted sample conductivity ratios 
                                 accordingly. Salts now 0.001 low, probably a 
                                 small drift during run. Salts within acceptable 
                                 ranges, code acceptable.

  8/1    106     salt      3     Salt +0.005 vs. CTDS1/S2, deep bottle; code 
                                 questionable.

  8/1    124     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  8/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  9/2    223     o2        2     O2 analyst: "Funky looking curve - data looks 
                                 bad."  O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles

  9/2    229     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  9/2    235     CTDOXY    4     primary pump apparently blocked until 32db 
                                 downcast, code CTDO bad.

  9/2    235     o2        2     O2 bottle value +87 umol/kg vs down cast CTDO, 
                                 however it matches upcast CTDO profile.            

  9/2    235     reft      3     SBE35T -0.030/-0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

  9/2    236     CTDOXY    4     primary pump apparently blocked until 32db 
                                 downcast, code CTDO bad.


 10/1    102     salt      3     Salt +0.003/+0.003 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2 questionable 
                                 for  4420db.

 10/1    105     o2        2     O2 analyst: Titration error "4 ABORT". O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO22 and trend in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 10/1    109     o2        3     O2 bottle sample +3 umol/kg from profile, 
                                 questionable for 2440db.

 10/1    131     o2        2     O2 bottle sample -29 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matched upcast CTDO data.

 10/1    132     o2        2     O2 bottle sample -18 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matched upcast CTDO data.

 10/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 10/1    135     CTDOXY    4     primary pump apparently blocked until 32db 
                                 downcast, code CTDO bad.

 10/1    135     o2        2     O2 bottle sample +37 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matched upcast CTDO data.

 10/1    136     CTDOXY    4     primary pump apparently blocked until 32db 
                                 downcast, code CTDO bad.

 10/1    136     o2        2     O2 bottle sample +40 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matched upcast CTDO data. o2 
                                 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 by about .0008.

 11/3    318     o2        5     O2 analyst: "sample lost (spilled)". Code 
                                 sample lost.

 11/3    335     reft      3     SBE35T +0.03 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 12/1    129     o2        2     O2 bottle value +13 umol/kg vs CTDO down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast CTDO data.

 12/1    131     o2        2     O2 bottle value +18 umol/kg vs CTDO down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast CTDO data.

 12/1    132     salt      3     Salt -0.016/-0.018 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for  116db.

 13/1    123     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 13/1    131     o2        2     O2 bottle value -13 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast CTDO data.

 13/1    133     o2        2     O2 bottle value -13 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast CTDO data.                

 13/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 14/1    124     o2        3     O2 bottle value +5 umol/kg vs profile and 
                                 adjacent casts.

 14/1    125     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 14/1    130     o2        2     O2 bottle value -14umol vs down cast profile, 
                                 however matches upcast CTDO profile.

 14/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T -0.010/-0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 15/2    201     o2        4     O2 analyst: "stir bar set too slow, o2 sample 
                                 lost", O2 is 7 umol/kg high vs CTDO, Code o2 
                                 bad.

 15/2    209     salt      3     Salt -0.0035/-0.0035 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for  2612db.

 15/2    211     salt      3     Salt -0.0025/-0.0035 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for  2100db.

 15/2    231     o2        2     O2 bottle value -12 umol/kg from down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast profile.

 15/2    232     o2        2     O2 bottle value -14 umol/kg from down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast      

 15/2    233     o2        2     O2 bottle value -15 umol/kg from down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast profile.

 15/2    234     o2        2     O2 bottle value -29 umol/kg from down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast profile.

 16/1    114     bottle    4     Btl 14 failed to trip because lanyard not 
                                 strung through lanyard guide.

 16/1    118     bottle    2     Vent found open on Niskin.

 16/1    120     o2        4     O2 analyst: "stir bar set too low, o2 sample 
                                 lost".  O2 is 25 umol/kg high vs CTDO. Code O2 
                                 bad.

 16/1    122     bottle    2     Vent found open on Niskin.

 16/1    131     o2        2     O2 bottle value -12 umol/kg vs downcast 
                                 profile, however matches up cast.

 16/1    131     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 16/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T -0.045 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 17/1    105     salt      2     Salt Analyst: BTL5 thimble came out with cap 
                                 classic contamination reading patter n.

 17/1    129     o2        2     O2 bottle value +10 umol/kg with down cast, 
                                 however matches up cast.

 17/1    130     o2        2     O2 bottle value +10 umol/kg with down cast, 
                                 however matches up cast.

 17/1    133     o2        2     O2 bottle value +15 umol/kg with down cast, 
                                 however matches up cast.

 18/2    211     bottle    9     Btl 11 Spigot sheared off on deployment, not 
                                 used.

 18/2    227     reft      3     SBE35T -0.02 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 18/2    228     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble popped off with cap #29.

 18/2    233     o2        2     O2 bottle value +40.70 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matches up cast.

 19/2    202     po4       4     Bottle value offset with profile. Peak read 
                                 error.  Code bad.

 19/2    202     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble popped off with cap #16.

 19/2    224     bottle    2     Bottle tripped on-the-fly.

 19/2    224     o2        2     O2 bottle value -12 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matches up cast profile.

 19/2    227     reft      3     SBE35T -0.01/-0.02 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 20/1    102     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.007/0.008 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1700db.

 20/1    104     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble popped off cap #4.

 20/1    113     o2        3     O2 bottle sample +9 umol/kg vs up & down cast 
                                 profiles.

 20/1    117     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble popped off cap #18.

 20/1    122     o2        2     O2 bottle value +16.87 umol/kg vs down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast profile.

 21/1    107     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value -2 umol/kg vs CTDO2, with in 
                                 acceptable limits. Matches trends 
                                 in adjacent profiles.

 21/1    109     o2        4     Code 5 No Reagents added to sample!

 21/1    119     o2        2     O2 bottle value +11 umol/kg vs. down cast 
                                 profile, however matches upcast profile.

 22/1    122     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value -11umol/kg vs.  CTDO2, however 
                                 value matches trends in adjacent profiles 
                                 and feature in nutrient profiles at ˜250db.

 23/2    202     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #2.

 23/2    204     salt      3     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #4. 
                                 Bottle value +0.005 vs.  CTDS1/CTDS2 (deep), 
                                 code questionable.

 23/2    215     o2        4     ABORT --- sampled but not analyzed.

 23/2    217     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap#17.

 24/1    109     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #9.        

 24/1    116     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #16.

 25/1    101     reft      3     SBE35T -0.003 vs CTDT1 (deep); unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading for deep, code questionable.

 25/1    111     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.006/0.006 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1200db.

 25/1    121     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further end point titration 13 
                                 ABORTED.  O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, 
                                 adjacent profile trend and feature in 
                                 nutrient profiles.

 25/1    122     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further end point titration 47 
                                 ABORTED.  O2 bottle value +3  umol/kg vs. CTDO2 
                                 with in acceptable limits for 
                                 350db. Bottle value matches adjacent profile 
                                 trend and feature in nutrient 
                                 profiles.

 25/1    129     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #29.

 25/1    131     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further end point titration 72 
                                 ABORTED.  O2 bottle value matches CTDO2 and 
                                 adjacent profile trend.

 26/1    101     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    102     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    103     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    104     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    105     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    106     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    107     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    108     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    109     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    110     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    111     salt      2     Salt analyst BTL10 Thimble came out with cap.

 26/1    112     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    113     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    114     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    115     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    116     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    117     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    118     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    119     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    120     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.      

 26/1    121     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    122     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 26/1    123     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P149 at start of Autosal 
                                 run, P151 at end. Adjusted end wormley value by 
                                 P151-P149 difference and updated salts.

 27/2    201     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    202     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.005/0.005 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1500db

 27/2    203     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    204     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    205     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    206     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    207     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    208     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    209     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    210     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    211     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    212     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    213     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    214     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    215     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    216     bottle    4     High o2 draw temperature reading on niskin 16; 
                                 bottle war m to touch, closed late/shallower 
                                 than intended.      

 27/2    216     no2       4     Nutrients from shallower level than intended 
                                 trip, bottle mis-tripped. code bad.

 27/2    216     no3       4     Nutrients from shallower level than intended 
                                 trip, bottle mis-tripped. code bad.

 27/2    216     o2        4     O2 value 25 umol/kg high vs CTDO, bottle 
                                 tripped shallower than intended, code bad.

 27/2    216     po4       4     Nutrients from shallower level than intended 
                                 trip, bottle mis-tripped. code bad.

 27/2    216     salt      4     Salt bottle value +0.09/0.09 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 bottle mis-trip. code bad.

 27/2    216     sio3      4     Nutrients from shallower level than intended 
                                 trip, bottle mis-tripped. code bad.

 27/2    217     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    218     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    219     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    220     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    221     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    222     reft      3     SBE35T +0.07/+0.08 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 27/2    222     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    223     salt      2     Used Standard Batch P151 for Autosal run, but 
                                 adjusted standard dial for P149 K15/CRatio 
                                 value. Added (P151-P149) CRatio 
                                 difference to all Cond.Ratios for run, 
                                 including wormleys, and updated salts.

 27/2    224     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 28/1    117     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.045 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 29/1    119     o2        2     O2 analyst: extreme stepping....really high 
                                 voltage value.

 30/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: stopper 1384 in flask 1435. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 30/1    103     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 30/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 30/1    105     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap#5.

 30/1    112     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 30/1    115     o2        2     Bottle O2 value higher than profile and 
                                 adjacent cast, questionable.

 30/1    116     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.010 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 30/1    121     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.      

 30/1    121     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #21.

 31/2    206     o2        2     Bottle O2 value high for profile and adjacent 
                                 casts.

 31/2    208     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.005. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 31/2    210     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL10 Thimble came out with cap.

 31/2    214     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.003. 
                                 WRONG STOPPER 1129 in 1413  see #15. O2 bottle 
                                 value -2umol/kg vs CTDO2, within 
                                 acceptable limits, however matches profile 
                                 value.

 31/2    215     o2        3     O2 analyst: WRONG STOPPER 1413 in 1129 see #14. 
                                 O2 bottle value  +7umol/kg vs CTDO2.

 32/1    102     salt      2     BTL2 Thimble loose in bottle.

 32/1    104     salt      2     BTL4 Thimble came out with cap.

 32/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 32/1    117     salt      2     BTL17 Thimble came out with cap.

 33/2    210     salt      2     Salt analyst: Thimble came off with cap#10.

 34/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: Flask had the wrong stopper. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 34/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: Flask had the wrong stopper. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 34/1    102     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.04/0.04 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1800db.

 34/1    116     bottle    2     Vent loose on niskin 16.

 34/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: Flask had the wrong stopper. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 34/1    118     o2        2     O2 analyst: First titration aborted. Titration 
                                 tip not in flask. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 34/1    125     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.020/+0.025 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

 35/1    105     o2        2     Bottle O2 value low for profile and adjacent 
                                 casts.

 35/1    108     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #8.

 35/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  First titration end point  
                                 0.4307, second end point ˜0.0005, 
                                 final end point ˜0.0001. O2 bottle value 
                                 matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 35/1    112     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #12.

 35/1    113     sio3      4     SiO3 peak read error. Value low. Code bad.

 35/1    116     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst:  High end point 
                                 titration ˜0.003ml.

 35/1    116     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #16.

 35/1    117     bottle    2     Spigot open on niskin 17.

 35/1    119     reft      3     SBE35T +0.060/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 35/1    122     reft      3     SBE35T +0.010/+0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 35/1    126     o2        2     O2 analyst: 1 ml standard added. Sample was 
                                 overtitrated and backtitrated.  0.05207ml + 
                                 0.5452ml (Thio over titration) -  
                                 0.055678ml (IO standard titration). O2 bottle 
                                 value -3umol/kg vs CTDO2 however 
                                 matches profile and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 35/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.085/+0.080 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 35/1    131     bottle    2     Bubbles in pH sample. Possible vent leak on 
                                 niskin  31.

 36/1    101     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.      

 36/1    101     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    102     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    102     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    103     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    103     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    104     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    104     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    105     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    105     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    106     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    106     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    107     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    107     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    108     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    108     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    109     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    109     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    110     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    110     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    111     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    111     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    112     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    112     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    113     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    113     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.      

 36/1    114     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  At 0.6624 added 4ml standard to 
                                 get -color-, subtract 0.4 x IO3 
                                 titer from 0.71560. O2 bottle value  2 umol/kg 
                                 vs CTDO2i, within acceptable 
                                 limits. Value matches adjacent profile.

 36/1    114     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    115     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    115     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    116     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    116     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    116     salt      2     Salt bottle value +0.006/0.007 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2  at 842.5db, questionable.

 36/1    117     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    117     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    118     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    118     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    119     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    119     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    120     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    120     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    121     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    121     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    122     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    122     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    123     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    123     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    124     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    124     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    124     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL24 Thimble came out with cap.      

 36/1    125     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    125     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    126     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    126     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    127     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    127     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    128     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    128     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    129     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    129     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    130     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    130     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    131     no3       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 36/1    131     po4       2     Profile low compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 similar trend in po4. no analytical errors 
                                 noted.

 37/2    202     bottle    2     Cracked spigot.

 37/2    205     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.003/0.004 vs CTDS1/CTDS2 
                                 (PSU)  at ˜2200db.

 37/2    218     bottle    4     Nutrients and oxygen high, salinity low; bottle 
                                 apparently closed 50+db deeper. Code as mis-
                                 trip.

 37/2    218     no2       4     Nutrients high, apparent mis-trip. Code bad.

 37/2    218     no3       4     Nutrients high, apparent mis-trip. Code bad.

 37/2    218     o2        4     Oxygen high, apparent mis-trip. Code bad.

 37/2    218     po4       4     Nutrients high, apparent mis-trip. Code bad.

 37/2    218     salt      4     Apparent mis-trip. Salt bottle value -0.13/0.13 
                                 vs CTDS1/CTDS2 (PSU) at 568db.

 37/2    218     sio3      4     Nutrients high, apparent mis-trip. Code bad.

 37/2    221     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 37/2    222     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 37/2    229     o2        4     O2 analyst: sulfuric acid was added late, 
                                 sample lost. O2 value ˜3.5ml/l high, code bad.

 37/2    229     reft      3     SBE35T -0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 38/1    102     salt      2     Salt analyst: sample 97 substandard A09 337.

 38/1    118     bottle    4     Salt high, nutrients low, oxygen ok (similar at 
                                 both depths); bottle apparently closed ˜300db 
                                 shallower. Code as mis-trip.

 38/1    118     no2       4     Nutrients low, apparent mis-trip. Code 
                                 nutrients bad.        

 38/1    118     no3       4     Nutrients low, apparent mis-trip. Code 
                                 nutrients bad.

 38/1    118     o2        4     Other parameters show this bottle mis-tripped 
                                 ˜300db shallower; o2 similar at both pressures. 
                                 Code oxygen bad.

 38/1    118     po4       4     Nutrients low, apparent mis-trip. Code 
                                 nutrients bad.

 38/1    118     salt      4     Salt bottle value +0.632/+0.633 vs CTDS1/CTDS2 
                                 (PSU)  at ˜600 db.  Probable mis-trip, code 
                                 bad.

 38/1    118     sio3      4     Nutrients low, apparent mis-trip. Code 
                                 nutrients bad.

 38/1    119     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040 vs CTDT1; somewhat unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 38/1    119     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.007 vs CTDS1 (PSU) at ˜500 
                                 db.

 38/1    124     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.015/+0.025 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

 38/1    128     no3       2     High compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 Corresponding peak in po4 and o2. No analytic 
                                 errors.

 38/1    128     po4       2     High compared to adjoining stations. 
                                 Corresponding peak in no3 and o2. No analytic 
                                 errors.

 39/1    102     salt      2     Salt analyst: substandard run as sample 98. 
                                 batch A09  bottle 339.

 39/1    104     reft      3     SBE35T +0.005 vs CTDT1/CTDT2 (deep); code 
                                 questionable.

 39/1    113     o2        2     O2 sample value +4 umol/kg vs. down cast and 
                                 high for up casts as well.  Supporting features 
                                 seen in sio3 and 
                                 transmissometer.

 39/1    116     salt      3     Bottle salts value -0.008 (PSU) vs profile, 
                                 questionable for 540db. Salt analyst: thimble 
                                 came off with cap #16.

 39/1    118     bottle    3     Bot 18 tripped on-the-fly at 452.7db.

 39/1    118     reft      3     SBE35T +0.055/-0.065 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading/tripped on-the-fly, code 
                                 questionable.

 39/1    123     o2        3     O2 sample value +5 umol/kg vs. down cast and 
                                 high for up casts as well. No corroborating 
                                 feature in other profiles.

 39/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 39/1    129     salt      2     Salt analyst: substandard ran as sample 98. 
                                 batch A09  bottle 341.

 40/1    108     o2        2     High end point titration ˜0.0005.

 40/1    109     salt      2     BTL8 Thimble came out with cap.

 40/1    117     bottle    5     Bottom end cap did not close. Sample lost.

 40/1    118     o2        4     O2 value 150 umol/kg low vs CTDO, code sample 
                                 bad.

 40/1    120     bottle    2     Vent loose.

 40/1    120     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 40/1    126     o2        4     O2 sample -195 umol/kg with down cast. O2 
                                 analyst:  Titration aborted. Prev add 0.5630 
                                 Thio, 1ml std (-.05584).

 40/1    131     bottle    2     Tripped extra bot 31 for DNA sample only.

 41/2    201     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    202     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    203     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    204     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.      

 41/2    205     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    206     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    207     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    208     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    209     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    210     o2        2     O2 analyst: Oxygen titration rig set to read 
                                 low oxygen values. Titration took longer than 
                                 normal. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 41/2    212     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 41/2    217     no3       2     Low for all nutrients compared to adjoining 
                                 stations.  Corresponding high peak in O2.

 41/2    217     po4       2     Low for all nutrients compared to adjoining 
                                 stations.  Corresponding high peak in O2.

 41/2    217     sio3      2     Low for all nutrients compared to adjoining 
                                 stations.  Corresponding high peak in O2.

 41/2    227     ctds2     3     CTDT2/CTDS2 off, CTDS2 +0.01 vs bottle salt; 
                                 code CTDS2 questionable.

 41/2    227     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 42/1    105     salt      2     Salt analyst: Thimble came off with cap #5.

 42/1    112     reft      3     REFT -0.015/-0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 42/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: 3 Titration aborted.

 42/1    124     o2        2     O2 analyst: This line 01 23 -jkc.

 43/1    101     reft      3     SBE35T -0.010 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 43/1    102     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.007/0.010 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                                 Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap#2.

 43/1    104     salt      4     Salt bottle value +0.244/0.426 (PSU) vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2.

 43/1    111     reft      3     SBE35T +0.025/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 43/1    111     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.013/+0.017 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2.

 44/2    212     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.4259 end point failed should 
                                 be ˜0.4565 2nd end point ˜0.5128.

 44/2    217     no3       3     Bottle value +6umol/kg high for profile and 
                                 adjacent casts. Probable mis-trip.

 44/2    217     po4       3     Bottle value +0.5umol/kg high for profile and 
                                 adjacent casts. Probable mistrip.

 44/2    217     sio3      3     Bottle value +16umol/kg high for profile and 
                                 adjacent casts. Probable mistrip.

 44/2    223     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.      

 44/2    232     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 44/2    233     reft      3     SBE35T -0.120/-0.125 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 46/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.4086 pulled pipette tip out 
                                 before it finished titrating, then 
                                 tried to over-titrate. probably bad data.

 46/1    102     salt      3     Salt value +0.054/0.056 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 2500db.

 46/1    103     bottle    5     Spigot open, sample lost.

 46/1    105     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #5.

 46/1    109     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #9.

 46/1    116     o2        2     wrong flask number fixed.

 46/1    123     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 46/1    126     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #26.

 47/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0008 
                                 (should be ˜0.4146). O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 47/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 47/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.0021/0.003 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for ˜2020db.

 47/1    113     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 47/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.003. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 47/1    116     o2        3     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0007 
                                 (end point ˜.5280). O2 bottle value 4 umol/kg 
                                 vs CTDO2.

 48/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point (O2 check 0.40144).  
                                 Corrected end point. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 48/1    101     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.0023/0.0024 vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 3025db

 48/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.005/0.005 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1900db.  Salt analyst: thimble 
                                 came off with cap #5.

 48/1    107     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 48/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0004. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 48/1    122     o2        2     O2 sample +18 umol/kg vs down cast profile, but 
                                 matches up cast.

 48/1    126     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #26.

 48/1    129     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.


 49/2    201     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #1.

 49/2    210     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.007/0.006 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  1000db.

 49/2    212     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL12 Thimble came out with cap -  
                                 readings erratic.

 49/2    213     o2        2     O2 analyst: End point ˜0.5027. End point from 
                                 O2check. O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles.

 49/2    215     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL15 Suspect contamination from 
                                 previous sample from draw tube.

 49/2    216     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL16 Thimble came out with cap.

 49/2    217     o2        2     O2 analyst: End point way too off use O2 check. 
                                 End point from O2check. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 49/2    223     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.      

 49/2    225     reft      3     SBE35T -0.035/-0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 50/1    101     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.007/+0.008 (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 580db.

 50/1    103     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.050 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 50/1    103     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.014/0.011 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 500db.

 50/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003 hi. End 
                                 point from O2check. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 50/1    111     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0004 hi. End 
                                 point from O2check. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 50/1    113     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 50/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: Biological particles observed in 
                                 sample during titration. O2 bottle value 
                                 matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles.

 52/1    106     reft      3     SBE35T +0.003 vs CTDT1/CTDT2 (deep); unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading for deep, code questionable.

 52/1    108     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL 8 forgot to wipe draw tube 
                                 before putting sample on -  thimble loose in 
                                 bottle pushed back down and 
                                 possibly pushed liquid from between thimble and 
                                 bottle into the sample.

 52/1    112     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.006/0.006 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1575db, possible 
                                 contamination. Salt analyst: BTL 12 - thimble 
                                 came off with cap.

 52/1    116     o2        2     wrong flask number corrected.

 52/1    120     no2       4     Sampling error

 52/1    120     no3       4     Sampling error

 52/1    120     po4       4     Sampling error

 52/1    120     sio3      4     Sampling error

 52/1    123     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL 23 readings kept climbing, 
                                 classic contamination pattern.

 52/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T +0.055/+0.060 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 52/1    133     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 52/1    134     salt      4     Bottle salt values high vs profile. Salt 
                                 analyst: BTL  34 Readings erratic, reran 
                                 accidentally. Don't trust readings.

 53/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002 hi. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 53/1    101     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #1.

 53/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003 hi. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 53/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.012/0.012 (PSU) vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  1311db.

 53/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003 hi. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 53/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  Over titrated less 0.3  more 
                                 titers = 0.67640 + 3(i0.67640-
                                 0.73227). O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles.

 53/1    120     o2        2     O2 bottle value +8 umol/kg vs down cast, but 
                                 matches up cast.

 53/1    121     o2        2     O2 bottle value -8 umol/kg vs down cast, but 
                                 matches up cast.

 53/1    122     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 -0.020/-0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable reading, code SBE35T questionable.

 53/1    123     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.020/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable reading, code SBE35T questionable.      

 54/1    112     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1: unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 54/1    114     salt      2     Salt analyst: samples 14 and 15 switched in 
                                 case.

 54/1    115     salt      2     Salt analyst: samples 14 and 15 switched in 
                                 case.

 54/1    125     reft      3     SBE35T +0.050/+0.045 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 55/2    216     o2        2     wrong flask number corrected.

 55/2    229     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL29 Thimble came out with cap.

 56/1    105     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL5 Thimble jarred loose by cap 
                                 -  readings erratic.

 56/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T -0.055 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 57/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. End point 
                                 from O2check program. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 57/1    108     salt      3     Bottle salt sample +0.004/0.004

 57/1    115     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. End point 
                                 from O2check program. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 57/1    116     salt      3     Bottle salt sample +0.007/0.007

 57/1    118     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. End point 
                                 from O2check program. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 57/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. End point 
                                 from O2check program. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 57/1    123     reft      3     SBE35T +0.050 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 57/1    127     salt      3     Bottle salt -0.015/-0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 57/1    131     salt      4     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #31. 
                                 Bottle salt +0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 58/1    107     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 58/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 58/1    118     reft      3     SBE35T +0.025 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 58/1    121     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 58/1    123     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.007/0.008 (PSU) vs. 
                                 profile, questionable for 500db

 58/1    126     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #26.

 58/1    128     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.035 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code questionable.

 58/1    129     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 59/2    226     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 59/2    236     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #36.

 60/1    113     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0004. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 60/1    115     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 60/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0003. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 60/1    118     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 60/1    122     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 60/1    123     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL23 thimble came out with cap.      

 60/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 61/3    301     no2       5     Sampling error

 61/3    301     no3       5     Sampling error

 61/3    301     po4       5     Sampling error

 61/3    301     sio3      5     Sampling error

 61/3    308     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #8.

 61/3    312     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #12.

 61/3    316     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #16.

 62/1    116     o2        2     wrong flask number corrected.

 62/1    121     salt      3     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #21. 
                                 Bottle salt value +0.007/0.007 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 700db.

 62/1    136     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.060 vs CTDT1; code questionable.

 62/1    136     reft      3     SBE35T -0.040 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 62/1    136     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #36.

 63/1    103     o2        5     o2 analyst: software froze up, sample lost

 63/1    104     o2        3     apparently this sample also affected by 
                                 software freeze-up; bottle o2 low vs CTDO, code 
                                 questionable.

 63/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.0024/+0.002 vs profile, 
                                 questionable for 3100db.

 63/1    119     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #19.

 63/1    127     ctds2     3     CTDS2 +0.020/+0.010 vs salt/CTDS1, code 
                                 questionable.

 63/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.060 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 63/1    128     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 64/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point 0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 64/1    122     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.009/0.013 vs. profile, 
                                 questionable for 600db.

 64/1    127     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point 0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value -4  umol/kg vs CTDO2, however matches 
                                 trends in adjacent profiles.

 64/1    131     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point 0.0001. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles. 


 64/1    132     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point 0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 65/2    209     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0002. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 65/2    215     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point ˜0.0004. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 65/2    226     bottle    4     Nutrients high vs nearby stations; oxygen 
                                 slightly high vs CTDO, salt low vs CTDS. Code 
                                 as probable mis-trip.

 65/2    226     no2       4     Nutrients high compared to adjacent stations. 
                                 No analytical errors noted.  Probable mis-trip, 
                                 code bad.

 65/2    226     no3       4     Nutrients high compared to adjacent stations. 
                                 No analytical errors noted.  Probable mis-trip, 
                                 code bad.

 65/2    226     po4       4     Nutrients high compared to adjacent stations. 
                                 No analytical errors noted.  Probable mis-trip, 
                                 code bad.

 65/2    226     salt      4     Bottle salt value -0.28 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 nutrients also high. Probable mistrip, code 
                                 salt bad.

 65/2    226     sio3      4     Nutrients high compared to adjacent stations. 
                                 No analytical errors noted.  Probable mis-trip, 
                                 code bad.      

 65/2    235     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.060 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 66/1    112     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.018/+0.018 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  1650db.

 67/1    112     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.005/+0.005 (PSU) vs. 
                                 profile, questionable for 1400db.

 67/1    116     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.006/+0.006 (PSU) vs. 
                                 profile, questionable for 1000db.

 67/1    125     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0020. Bottle 
                                 matches the cast profile.

 67/1    132     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 67/1    133     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.060 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 68/2    205     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0002. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    207     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0007. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    207     reft      3     SBE35T +0.005 vs CTDT1/CTDT2 (deep); unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 68/2    208     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0002. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    210     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0005. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    211     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0003. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    212     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0002. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    221     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0010. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    225     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0002. Sample 
                                 matches cast profile.

 68/2    231     reft      3     SBE35T -0.055/-0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 68/2    232     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 -0.180 vs CTD1; unstable reading, code 
                                 questionable.

 68/2    232     reft      3     SBE35T +0.050/-0.130 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 68/2    232     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.021 vs CTDS1, questionable for 
                                 surface bottle.

 69/2    202     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    207     o2        2     O2 analyst: Further titration aborted - 3 
                                 ABORT.  Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    208     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010/0.010 (PSU) vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  841db.

 69/2    212     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0006. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    213     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    214     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    216     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 69/2    220     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Sample matches cast profile.

 70/1    101     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    102     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    103     salt      3     Salt bottle value -0.003/0.003 (PSU) vs. 
                                 profile, questionable for 2700db.

 70/1    104     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.      

 70/1    105     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    106     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    107     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    108     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    109     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    110     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    111     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    112     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    113     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    114     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    115     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    116     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.      

 70/1    117     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    118     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    119     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    120     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    121     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    122     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    123     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    124     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    125     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    126     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    127     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    128     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.      

 70/1    129     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.025/+0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 70/1    130     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    131     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 70/1    132     reft      3     SBE35T -0.060/-0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 70/1    132     salt      2     Deep salts low by 0.005 vs CTDS. Assumed end 
                                 standard is correct, adjusted sample 
                                 conductivity ratios accordingly. Salts now 
                                 0.001 high, probably a small drift during run. 
                                 Salts within acceptable ranges, 
                                 code acceptable.

 71/1    105     salt      2     Salt analyst: Thimble came out with cap suspect 
                                 contamination

 71/1    121     salt      2     Salt analyst: Thimble came out with cap 
                                 readings erratic

 71/1    126     o2        5     Program froze during titration - sample lost.

 71/1    127     o2        4     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.003. O2  
                                 sample +13umol/kg high for down & up cast profiles.

 72/2    201     salt      3     Salt bottle values [-0.003,-0.005] (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 3200db.

 72/2    202     salt      3     Salt bottle values [-0.003,-0.005] (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 3200db.

 72/2    203     salt      3     Salt bottle values [-0.003,-0.005] (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 3200db.

 72/2    204     salt      3     Salt bottle values [-0.003,-0.005] (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 3200db.

 72/2    205     salt      3     Salt bottle values [-0.003,-0.005] (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 3200db.

 72/2    210     salt      3     Salt bottle values -0.006/-0.005 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  1300db.

 72/2    227     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value 2umol/kg vs CTDO2  (within 
                                 limits), value matches cast profile.

 73/2    205     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value matches cast profile.

 73/2    205     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #5.
                                 
 73/2    207     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value matches cast profile.

 73/2    216     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value matches cast profile.

 73/2    220     reft      3     SBE35T -0.015/-0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 73/2    224     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Bottle value matches cast profile.

 73/2    228     reft      3     SBE35T +0.210/+0.185 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 74/1    112     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #12

 74/1    116     o2        2     wrong flask number corrected.

 74/1    116     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #16

 74/1    117     bottle    2     Air leak on 17. O-ring popped.

 74/1    117     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.014/0.014 (PSU) vs. 
                                 profile, questionable for 810db.

 74/1    120     o2        3     O2 bottle value -4 umol/kg for up and down 
                                 cast.

 74/1    121     o2        3     O2 bottle value +8 umol/kg for up and down 
                                 cast.        

 74/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045 vs CTDT1; somewhat unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 74/1    131     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #31.

 75/1    104     reft      3     SBE35T +0.002 vs CTDT1/CTDT2 (deep); unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading for deep, code questionable.

 75/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T +0.090 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

 75/1    136     reft      3     SBE35T -0.040/-0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 75/1    136     salt      3     Bottle salt sample +0.023/0.027 vs. profile, 
                                 high surface sample. thimble came off with cap #36.

 76/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 76/1    129     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 76/1    133     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 76/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.065/-0.070 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 76/1    135     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 76/1    136     o2        2     O2 analyst: Run out of order. O2 bottle value 
                                 matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.

 77/2    203     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.002 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 5500db. Code questionable.

 77/2    205     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.005/0.004 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 5000db.  Salt analyst: thimble 
                                 came off with cap #5

 77/2    217     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.018/0.018 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 1500db.  Salt analyst: thimble 
                                 came off with cap #17

 77/2    224     bottle    2     Accidentally fired at same depth as btl 23, 
                                 700m.

 77/2    225     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #25

 77/2    228     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #28

 77/2    232     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #32

 77/2    236     salt      2     Salt analyst: started run with bottle 36 by 
                                 accident, returned to doing bottle 1  after.

 78/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.4671. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent profiles.


 78/1    129     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #29

 79/1    101     bottle    2     Wrong bottom ocean depth recorded on console 
                                 log for bottom of cast;  averaged BE and EN 
                                 depths to get a value to enter.

 79/1    105     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 79/1    106     o2        4     O2 bottle value -20 umol/kg vs CTDO profile. O2  
                                 analyst: Sample was over titrated and 
                                 backtitrated. 0.0587.

 79/1    120     bottle    2     Tripped bottle after waiting only 5 seconds vs 
                                 usual  30 seconds.

 79/1    127     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point 0.0002. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 79/1    128     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point 0.0002. O2 
                                 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 79/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T -0.120/-0.145 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.        

 80/2    202     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.0024/0.0027 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  5700db.

 80/2    204     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #4.

 80/2    216     bottle    2     Bottle fired deeper than planned, wrong wireout 
                                 given to winch.

 80/2    228     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #28.

 81/2    220     bottle    2     bottle tripped without waiting after winch 
                                 stopped;  usually 30 seconds.

 82/1    108     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #8

 82/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 82/1    113     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #13

 82/1    131     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 82/1    132     o2        2     Bottle value -11 umol/kg vs CTDO2 down cast, 
                                 however matches upcast.

 83/3    302     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 83/3    310     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0030. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 83/3    319     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 83/3    331     salt      3     Salt bottle value +0.016/+0.017 vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 150db.

 83/3    335     reft      3     SBE35T +0.095/+0.045 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 83/3    335     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010/+0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 code questionable.

 84/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.0025/0.003 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  4510db. Salt 
                                 analyst: BTL5-Readings erratic

 84/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T +0.045/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 85/1    105     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0008. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    106     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    107     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL7-Rim chip found, seal NOT 
                                 compromised

 85/1    113     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    114     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL14 Thimbled popped out 
                                 prematurely.

 85/1    115     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0010. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    116     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    121     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    125     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    126     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 85/1    126     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 85/1    129     bottle    2     Pressure release valve slightly loose at sample 
                                 start.

 85/1    129     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.014/-0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 235db.        

 85/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.030/-0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 85/1    135     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

 86/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 86/1    111     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 86/1    113     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.006/+0.006 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, code questionable for 2020db.

 86/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles.

 86/1    129     bottle    2     bottle 29 fired after 15 seconds, vs usual 30 
                                 second wait.

 86/1    131     no2       4     Bottle sample appears high for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    131     no3       4     Bottle sample appears high for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    131     po4       4     Bottle sample appears high for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    131     sio3      4     Bottle sample appears high for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    132     no2       4     Bottle sample appears low for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    132     no3       4     Bottle sample appears low for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    132     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.5904 1st titer bad stepping. 
                                 High titration end point 0.0006. 
                                 Bottle value -8 umol/kg matches upcast not down 
                                 cast.

 86/1    132     po4       4     Bottle sample appears low for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 86/1    132     sio3      4     Bottle sample appears low for profile. dgs: 
                                 samples  31 and 32 switched.

 87/2    216     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.005/+0.006 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  1500db.

 87/2    223     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.033/+0.034 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  740db.

 87/2    235     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 88/1    121     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #21

 88/1    129     no3       3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip.

 88/1    129     o2        2     Bottle o2 appears high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations and profile, but matches feature in 
                                 upcast CTDO. Code acceptable.

 88/1    129     po4       3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip.

 88/1    129     sio3      3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip.

 88/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 89/2    210     bottle    2     Niskin 10 open vent.

 89/2    210     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 89/2    211     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0006. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 89/2    213     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 89/2    215     no3       3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.

 89/2    215     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles

 89/2    215     po4       3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.        

 89/2    215     sio3      3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.

 89/2    216     no3       3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.

 89/2    216     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 89/2    216     po4       3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.

 89/2    216     sio3      3     All nutrients high compared to adjacent 
                                 stations. No concomitant peak in o2.

 89/2    217     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point. O2 bottle 
                                 value matches CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles

 89/2    222     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 89/2    228     reft      3     SBE35T +0.050/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 89/2    232     bottle    2     Bottle 32 accidentally fired at bottle 31 depth 
                                 while still stopped.

 89/2    232     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 89/2    236     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.055 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 90/1    102     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.004/-0.003 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  5440db.

 90/1    109     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.006/-0.006 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  3140db

 90/1    126     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #26.

 90/1    130     no3       3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip

 90/1    130     o2        2     High compared to adjacent stations and profile, 
                                 but matches upcast CTDO well. Code acceptable.

 90/1    130     po4       3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip

 90/1    130     sio3      3     High compared to adjacent stations and profile.  
                                 Corresponding peak in nuts.  Possible mis-trip

 90/1    131     o2        3     O2 bottle value -10 umol/kg vs profile. 
                                 Questionable for 250db.

 90/1    134     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010 (PSU) vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 code questionable.

 90/1    135     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010/+0.015 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, code questionable.

 91/2    216     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL16- Thimble came out with cap.

 91/2    231     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL31- Thimble came out with cap.

 92/1    101     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.005/+0.005 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  2900db.

 92/1    102     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.003/+0.003 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  2400db.

 92/1    113     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 92/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 92/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 92/1    124     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value -3 umol/kg vs CTDO2, acceptable 
                                 for 100db. Value matches trends 
                                 in adjacent profiles.

 92/1    126     o2        5     NO reagents added after collecting sample. 
                                 Sample lost.

 92/1    126     reft      3     SBE35T -0.050/-0.070 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.        

 93/2    204     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0003.

 94/1    104     o2        2     High titration end point ˜0.0004.

 94/1    106     no3       2     Low compared to adjacent stations and profile. 
                                 No analytical errors noted.

 95/3    303     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.5456. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles

 95/3    304     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.5421. O2 bottle value matches 
                                 CTDO2, and trends in adjacent 
                                 profiles

 95/3    305     salt      3     bottle salt value +0.003/+0.003 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for  4160 db.

 95/3    319     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 95/3    323     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 95/3    334     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 95/3    336     o2        3     O2 analyst: O2 bottle value -226 umol/kg vs 
                                 profile.

 96/1    105     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 96/1    109     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 96/1    113     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 96/1    114     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 96/1    116     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 96/1    124     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #24.

 96/1    128     bottle    2     Mystery mis-trip, not triggered by Console Op;  
                                 shiproll?

 96/1    129     bottle    2     Mystery mis-trip, not triggered by Console Op;  
                                 shiproll?

 96/1    129     reft      3     SBE35T +0.08/+0.09 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 96/1    129     salt      3     Bottle salt -0.13/-0.125 vs CTDS1/CTDS2; code 
                                 questionable.

 96/1    130     bottle    2     Mystery mis-trip, not triggered by Console Op;  
                                 shiproll?

 96/1    130     ctds2     3     CTDS2 value +0.010 vs CTDS1/bottle salt; code 
                                 CTDS2  questionable.

 96/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.01/+0.04 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 96/1    134     bottle    2     Niskin bottle tripped on the fly due to weather 
                                 conditions.

 96/1    135     bottle    2     Niskin bottle tripped on the fly due to weather 
                                 conditions.

 96/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T +0.095/+0.100 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 96/1    136     bottle    2     Niskin bottle tripped on the fly due to weather 
                                 conditions.

 96/1    136     ctds2     3     CTDS2 value +0.015/+0.010 vs CTDS1/bottle salt; 
                                 code CTDS2  questionable.

 96/1    136     CTDT2     3     Unstable readings, tripped on the fly; CTDS2 
                                 high:  code CTDT2 questionable.

 96/1    136     reft      3     SBE35T -0.165/-0.100 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

 97/1    117     o2        3     Bottle o2 value +10 umol/kg vs profile, 
                                 questionable for 1300db.

 97/1    135     bottle    2     surface bottle at 15m due to large surface 
                                 swell;  still in surface mixed layer.

 97/1    136     bottle    2     Duplicate trip at 15m for DNA sample.        

 98/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    102     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    102     salt      3     bottle salt value -0.0025 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 5140 db.


 98/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles
                                 
 98/1    106     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    107     bottle    2     Bottle possibly opened during recovery. Broken 
                                 lanyard noticed during sampling.

 98/1    114     bottle    2     Winch to 1567m, then back to 1575, before 
                                 tripping bottle.

 98/1    116     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    123     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 98/1    127     o2        2     O2 analyst: High end point titration ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles

 99/1    116     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL16 Thimble came out with cap

 99/1    130     o2        2     Bottle O2 value -10 umol/kg vs down cast 
                                 profile.  Matches up cast.   

100/1    119     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.025 vs CTDS1/CTDS2; code questionable. 

100/1    126     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

100/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.060/-0.070 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

101/1    110     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0004.

101/1    111     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0004.

101/1    116     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. BTL 16 titrated out of 
                                 order.

101/1    121     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.56907.

101/1    131     ctds2     3     CTDS2 value +0.01 vs CTDS1/bottle salt; code 
                                 CTDS2  questionable.

101/1    131     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: Sample was 
                                 overtitrated and backtitrated.

101/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.070 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

101/1    132     o2        3     O2 bottle value +21 umol/kg vs CTDO. O2 value 
                                 does not match adjacent profiles and there are 
                                 no supporting features in other profiles.
                                 
101/1    133     o2        2     O2 bottle value -22 umol/kg vs CTDO. similar 
                                 feature observed in adjacent o2, sio3 and 
                                 transmissometer profiles. However 
                                 value does appear low.

102/1    101     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    102     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    103     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    104     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    105     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    106     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    107     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    108     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    109     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    110     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    111     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    112     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    113     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    114     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    115     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    116     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    117     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    118     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    119     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    120     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    121     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    122     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    123     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    124     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    125     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    126     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    127     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    128     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    128     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

102/1    129     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    130     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    131     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T -0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

102/1    132     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    133     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    134     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    135     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

102/1    136     CTDS1     4     Abrupt +0.3 mS/cm CTDC1 offset at 5590db 
                                 downcast, +0.3 mS/cm. more at 4680-4660db 
                                 upcast; use CTDT2/CTDC2 for all CTD 
                                 data. code CTDS1 bad.

103/1    124     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #24

103/1    132     o2        3     Bottle o2 value -10 umol/kg vs. profile. Large 
                                 bubble in sample. Stopper loose.

103/1    133     reft      3     CTDT2 -0.025/-0.035 vs CTDT1/SBE35T; code 
                                 questionable.

104/2    217     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL17 Thimble came out with cap

104/2    220     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL20 Operator error-took bottle 
                                 off before second reading.

104/2    221     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.006/+0.006 (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 900db. Salt analyst: 
                                 BTL21 Thimble came out with cap.

104/2    227     salt      3     Salt analyst: BTL27 Thimble came out with cap.

105/2    226     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #26

105/2    233     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.01 vs CTDS1/CTDS2; code 
                                 questionable.

106/1    106     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: Paint flake in 
                                 flask.

106/1    127     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #27.

106/1    128     reft      3     SBE35T +0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; code SBE35T 
                                 questionable.

106/1    129     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.015 vs. CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable near surface sample.

106/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

106/1    132     o2        2     O2 bottle value +8 umol/kg with down cast, 
                                 however matches upcast.

106/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T -0.040/-0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

107/3    305     bottle    9     Bottle spigot sheared off during recovery, 
                                 water lost. Replace with niskin s/n 37 before 
                                 next cast.

107/3    308     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0003.

107/3    316     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0003.

107/3    323     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0007.

107/3    324     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0005.

107/3    329     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL29 Thimble came out with cap.

107/3    330     reft      3     SBE35T -0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

107/3    331     o2        2     O2 bottle value 6 umol/kg high vs CTDO2, 
                                 however matches trend in adjacent profiles. O2 
                                 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0003.

107/3    331     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL31 Piece of white vinyl tape 
                                 from label caught between bottle rim and 
                                 thimble - seal suspect

107/3    333     o2        2     Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated

107/3    334     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0010.

107/3    334     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.02 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

108/1    105     bottle    2     Replaced s/n 05 with niskin s/n 37 before cast.

108/1    121     salt      2     Sal analyst: thimble came off with cap #21.

108/1    124     salt      2     Sal analyst: thimble came off with cap #24.

108/1    127     salt      2     Sal analyst: thimble came off with cap #27.

109/1    109     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2; code 
                                 questionable.

109/1    131     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.015/-0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2; 
                                 code questionable.

110/1    110     o2        2     O2 bottle value -10 vs. down cast, however 
                                 value matches up cast.

110/1    127     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #27.

110/1    129     bottle    9     Inner spring launched skyward during 
                                 deployment, lost both endcaps and spring. 
                                 Tripped through during cast, repaired 
                                 afterward.

110/1    130     bottle    3     Vent cap broken, repaired after sampling.

110/1    132     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

111/1    111     o2        3     Bottle o2 value +3 umol/kg vs CTDO. No 
                                 supporting features seen in other profiles.

111/1    121     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #21

111/1    124     o2        3     Bottle o2 value low for cast and does not fit 
                                 trend for adjacent profiles. Supporting 
                                 features not observed in nutrient profiles.

111/1    129     bottle    2     Inner spring, endcaps replaced with spare parts 
                                 from out-of-service niskin s/n 5 before cast.

111/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

112/2    205     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. O2 analyst: High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0003

112/2    212     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.0003

112/2    217     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.0002

112/2    218     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.0003

112/2    225     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.0004

112/2    226     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL26 Thimble came out with cap

112/2    228     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.0002

112/2    232     o2        2     O2 bottle value -3umol/kg vs. CTDO2, however 
                                 matches trend in adjacent profiles. High 
                                 titration end point ˜0.0002

112/2    234     reft      3     SBE35T -0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

112/2    235     o2        2     O2 bottle matches CTDO2 and trend in adjacent 
                                 profiles. High titration end point ˜0.002

113/2    204     reft      3     SBE35T +0.003 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading for deep, code questionable.

113/2    217     salt      2     salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #17

113/2    221     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.005/-0.005 (PSU) vs 
                                 profile, questionable for 900db.

113/2    230     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

113/2    233     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

113/2    234     reft      3     SBE35T -0.110 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

114/1    102     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0003

114/1    104     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0003

114/1    111     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0002

114/1    112     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0002

114/1    113     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0003

114/1    114     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0002

114/1    124     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0002

114/1    127     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: Bottles switched 
                                 with 128.

114/1    128     o2        2     O2 bottle value matches CTDO2, and trends in 
                                 adjacent profiles. O2 analyst: Bottles switched 
                                 with 127.

114/1    129     reft      3     SBE35T -0.020/-0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

114/1    134     o2        2     Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. 
                                 0.6195  first titration bad end point.

114/1    135     o2        2     Sample was overtitrated and backtitrated. 
                                 0.5741 2  bad ep use O2check.

114/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T +0.070/+0.065 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

115/2    227     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.01 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

115/2    227     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL27 Thimble came out with cap.

116/1    101     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.0023/+0.003 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2. Bottle value clearly deviates from 
                                 profile.

116/1    113     salt      2     Salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #13.

116/1    119     o2        2     Flasks switched 1511 for 870.

116/1    120     o2        2     Flasks switched 870 for 1511

116/1    132     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, code 
                                 questionable.

116/1    133     reft      3     SBE35T +0.040/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

117/1    101     salt      3     Bottle salt +0.005 vs CTDS1/CTDS2 (deep); code 
                                 questionable.

117/1    103     o2        2     Bottle o2 value appeared low for profile. 
                                 Similar features not observed in nutrient 
                                 profiles, however it matches raw CTDO 
                                 and fit CTDO.

117/1    106     o2        2     O2 analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    107     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    109     salt      2     salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #9.

117/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    115     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0008. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    119     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    121     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    122     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    124     salt      2     salt analyst: thimble came off with cap #24.

117/1    128     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.04/+0.035 vs SBE35T/CTDT1; code 
                                 questionable.

117/1    128     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    130     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    132     o2        3     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0006. 
                                 Bottle value low vs adjacent profiles.

117/1    133     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    135     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

117/1    136     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    107     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    108     salt      2     salt analyst: BTL8 Thimble popped out after 
                                 cap.

118/1    110     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    111     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    113     salt      2     salt analyst: BTL13 Thimble popped out after 
                                 cap.

118/1    118     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    120     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    124     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0003, 
                                 and run out of order. Bottle value appears to 
                                 match profile and CTDO.

118/1    125     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.030/+0.020 vs SBE35T/CTDT1; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

118/1    125     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    126     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    128     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0015. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    129     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    133     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO.

118/1    134     o2        2     O2 analyst: Sample was overtitrated and 
                                 backtitrated.  0.6206. High titration end point 
                                 ˜0.0006. Bottle value appears to 
                                 match profile and CTDO.

118/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T +0.09 vs CTDT1; very unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

119/2    203     salt      3     Bottle salt value +0.004 (PSU) vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 4574db.

119/2    210     o2        3     O2 bottle value high vs profile and adjacent 
                                 casts.  Similar feature not observed in 
                                 nutrient profiles.

119/2    219     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.007/-0.006 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 1109db.

119/2    227     bottle    9     Tag line hooked bottle by lanyard, dumped out 
                                 while pulling rosette in.

120/1    101     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    102     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    105     o2        3     Bottle value appears low for profile and is -5  
                                 umol/kg with CTDO. O2 analyst: High titration 
                                 end point ˜0.0010.

120/1    105     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.004/-0.004 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 4058db.

120/1    106     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    108     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0009.

120/1    109     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.013/-0.012 (PSU) vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 4058db.

120/1    110     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003.

120/1    111     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    113     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    116     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0013.

120/1    118     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    119     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0006.

120/1    120     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.

120/1    122     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003.

120/1    124     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0002.  

120/1    128     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.025 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

120/1    129     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0003.

120/1    129     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.020 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

120/1    130     o2        2     Bottle value appears to match profile and CTDO. 
                                 O2  analyst: High titration end point ˜0.0006.

120/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T -0.060 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

121/2    204     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL04: thimble came off with cap.

121/2    207     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    212     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and 
                                 CTDO.

121/2    220     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0003. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    221     salt      2     Salt analyst: BTL21 thimble came off with cap.

121/2    224     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    225     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    226     salt      3     Bottle salt sample +0.016/+0.016 (PSU) vs.  
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 387db. Salt 
                                 analyst: BTL26 thimble came off with cap.

121/2    227     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    228     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.019/-0.018 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 300db.

121/2    229     reft      3     SBE35T +0.055 vs CTDT1; unstable SBE35T 
                                 reading, code questionable.

121/2    229     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.011/-0.021 vs. 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, questionable for 240db.

121/2    230     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

121/2    231     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0005. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

122/1    111     salt      3     Bottle salt value -0.003 (PSU) vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 questionable for 2529db.

122/1    130     reft      3     SBE35T +0.015/+0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

122/1    134     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

123/1    101     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    104     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    106     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    108     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0013. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    109     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    110     bottle    2     Vent valve open on bottle 10.

123/1    111     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    116     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    117     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    118     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and 
                                 CTDO.

123/1    121     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0004. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

123/1    129     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0002. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and CTDO.

123/1    133     CTDT2     3     CTDT2 +0.030 vs SBE35T/CTDT1; code CTDT2 
                                 questionable.

123/1    135     o2        2     O2 analyst: high titration end point ˜0.0008. 
                                 O2 bottle value appears to fit profile and 
                                 CTDO.

124/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T +0.035/+0.015 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

124/1    132     o2        2     O2 bottle value +11 umol/kg with down cast 
                                 CTDO, however value matches up cast CTDO and 
                                 trends in other parameter profiles.

125/2    201     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    202     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    203     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    204     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    205     o2        3     O2 bottle value -4umol/kg vs CTDO, and low for 
                                 cast.  No supporting features in nutrient 
                                 profiles. Questionable for 3650db.

125/2    205     salt      3     Salinity bottle value -0.005 vs CTDS1/CTDS2 
                                 (deep), code salinity questionable.

125/2    206     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    207     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    208     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    209     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    210     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    211     o2        2     Low on NaI. Possible bubbles in bottles 1-11

125/2    213     salt      2     Thimble does not stay in bottle 13.

125/2    228     salt      3     Salinity bottle value +0.010/+0.015 vs 
                                 CTDS1/CTDS2, code salinity questionable.

125/2    229     salt      3     Salinity bottle value -0.010 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 code salinity questionable.

126/1    127     reft      3     SBE35T +0.025/+0.040 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; very 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable.

126/1    131     reft      3     SBE35T -0.025/-0.030 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; unstable 
                                 SBE35T reading, code questionable.

126/1    135     ctds2     3     CTDS2 +0.010 vs Bottle Salt/CTDS1; code CTDS2  
                                 questionable.

127/1    109     salt      2     Salt bottles 9/10 found switched in box, also 
                                 run out of order. Corrected bottle numbers in 
                                 data file, and fixed box order. 
                                 Salinity data ok now.

127/1    110     salt      2     Salt bottles 9/10 found switched in box, also 
                                 run out of order. Corrected bottle numbers in 
                                 data file, and fixed box order. 
                                 Salinity data ok now.

127/1    127     salt      3     Salinity bottle value +0.015 vs CTDS1/CTDS2, 
                                 code salinity questionable.

127/1    135     reft      3     SBE35T +0.030/+0.035 vs CTDT1/CTDT2; somewhat 
                                 unstable SBE35T reading, code questionable. 
                                 





                                  Appendix D

                         Preliminary Vertical Sections
                               (see PDF version)





                                  Appendix E

                At Sea Reports / Student Reports / Bottle Schemes


At Sea - Week 1:

Our task was to carry out between 134 and 151 CTD/rosette stations. The 134 
locations were designed to keep the maximum station spacing to no more than 
30 nm. The 151 included these, as well as 17 'extra' stations over steep 
topography which were to be performed if time allowed, to limit the number 
jumps in depth between stations of more than 1000 m. 

• The CTD (deployed amidships from the starboard A-frame) and other 
  electronics mounted on the rosette frame provided measurements of 
  pressure, temperature, conductivity (salinity), and dissolved oxygen, 
  plus there were light transmission and fluorometric sensors. 

• The lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measured the velocity 
  relative to the rosette, from which the absolute velocities can be 
  derived. 

• Water samples from the 36 10 liter bottles on the rosette were 
  analyzed on board for salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrate, 
  nitrite, phosphate, and silicate), CFCs (F11, F12), SF6, dissolved 
  inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH. Samples for shore 
  analysis were collected for dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved 
  nitrogen, the carbon isotopes 13C & 14C, tritium, dissolved helium, 
  and helium3. 

• Our ADCP tech also collected samples to study DNA/RNA. 

• The pH/Talk group collected samples to measure density. The density 
  samples were taken at five stations during the cruise, sampling the 
  full cast (Stations 8, 38, 58, 100, 122 ). The samples were drawn 
  into 125 mL HDPE bottles rinsing twice before filling. These samples 
  will be analyzed for density using an Anton- Parr vibrating 
  densitometer and re-analyzed for salinity (to account for any 
  evaporation) back in Miami. 

• We also collected 125 ml samples for Dr. Mark Altabet of U. of 
  Massachusetts Dartmouth to measure the N and O isotopic composition 
  of nitrate at 20 stations on leg 1. The bottles were pre-prepared and 
  labeled. No rinsing was required. Most of the stations on which these 
  samples were collected were collocated with stations at which helium 
  and/or tritium were also measured , and the cross-reference between 
  the two sets of samples was kept for Dr. Altabet. 

• We had a group with us measuring colored dissolved organic material 
  (CDOM), bacteria, chlorophyll and particulate organic matter and 
  performing their own spectroradiometer casts to study the effects of 
  CDOM on the underwater light environment. These casts were performed 
  once a day at approximate local noon. 

• Our science party also included a 4-person team measuring aluminum 
  and iron (from separate "trace metal" casts with their own rosette 
  and synthetic cable deployed on a Kevlar coated cable using the stern 
  A-frame). 

• The aerosols group was unable to join us due to final schedule 
  change. 

• We ran a continuously pumped surface seawater system that measured 
  temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence. 

• The underway pCO2 system failed early on in leg 1. 

• Other measurements included velocity from the ship's Doppler current 
  profilers, data from a suite of meteorological parameters, multibeam 
  bathymetry, and navigation data. 

• We deployed 2 APEX floats and 6 Iridium floats at predetermined 
  locations along the section for Dr. Ann Thresher (CSIRO). 


We set out in good weather and high spirits on the morning of the 21st. 
Taking 5 hours to get out into the open sea followed by a steam south to 
approximately 30°S. It was decided that rather than perform our test station 
with inexperienced watch standers in the dark, to move on to the location of 
the first station, and perform the test in the same place. The rosette first 
went into the water at 03:42 in November 22nd UTC (15:42 local). This test 
station was a learning experience in terms of deployment and recovery for the 
student watch standers, but had to be aborted when signal to the package was 
lost almost immediately upon entry into the water. No bottles were fired. 
Retermination of the rosette was required. 

The package went into the water again and performed well. In less than 100m 
of water, all bottles were fired. Bottles 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, and 31 were used 
to test water volume usage for a non-carbon cast, bottles 2, 8, 14, 20, 26 
and 32 were used to represent a full carbon cast. We determined that we would 
be able to accommodate everyone's water needs. We labeled the result, station 
1. 

At station 2 both the CTD cast and the test of the trace metal cast went 
well. The first non-test trace metal cast (cast 1) was performed successfully 
at the beginning of station 3, however, for the CTD group station 3 became an 
odyssey of failures. As the stations at the western end of P6 are so close 
together (< 10 km apart) there seemed little to be gained by moving on to 
deeper stations until the cause of the issues with rosette were determined 
and corrected. 

1. Station 3, cast 2 - aborted due to unstable acquisition that failed 
   at 218 m, during recovery acquisition returned from 120 m to the 
   surface. Reterminated the sea cable. 

2. Station 3, cast 3 - Bridge reported seeing something fall of during 
   deployment. Aborted when acquisition failed at 400 m. Two damaged 
   bottles were the likely cause of the Bridge report. Prime suspects 
   of power loss, the transmissometer and fluorometer, were removed. 

3. Station 3, cast 4 - Aborted when acquisition became unstable at 250 
   m. This time it was noted that the error occurred every 5 seconds - 
   likely coincident with POST delays before turning on the pumps. Upon 
   inspection it was found that the pump cable WYE was bad. 

4. Station 3, cast 5 - Fluorometer and transmissometer once again 
   included in the package. Aborted on the way back up at 570 m when 
   CTD acquisition failed - the cause was the failure of the station 1 
   retermination. Reterminated again. The fired bottles were sampled. 

5. Station 3, cast 6 - down to 570 meters and back: successful. Casts 5 
   and 6 are combined to form a complete profile. 


At Sea - Week 2:

The one of the main points of scientific interest in this particular transect 
repeat was determining the present properties of Antarctic Bottom Water 
(AABW) and comparing them to those found during previous occupations. For 
this reason we anticipated the sampling this water mass. The western side of 
the Pacific at this latitude is marked by steep gradients in topography 
beginning with a step out from the shelf into the Tasman Sea. Our first 
Antarctic Bottom Water was found at station 7, the first station deeper that 
3000 m. The only obvious difference between the Tasman Sea bottom waters as 
we measured them and those seen previously occurred in the CFC's, and that 
difference was striking (Table 1, Figure 1). 


Table 1: Comparison of 2009 vs. 1992 mean, standard deviation, minimum 
         and maximum values of properties in the bottom waters (>4000) 
         in the Tasman Sea. 

__________________________________________________________________________________

       | Theta        | DIC            | Oxygen       | Phosphate  |  CFC12
       | (°C)         | (μmol kg-1)    | (μmol kg-1)  | (μmol kg-1)| (pmol kg-1)
 ------|--------------|----------------|--------------|------------|------------
       | 2009   1992  | 2009    1992   | 2009   1992  | 2009  1992 | 2009   1992
       | ----   ----- | ------  ------ | -----  ----- | ----  ---- | -----  -----
 Mean  | 0.831  0.818 | 2276.4  2276.5 | 196.5  196.7 | 2.31  2.31 | 0.014  0.003
 Stdev | 0.016  0.022 |   -1.6    -1.1 |  -0.5   -1.6 | 0.02  0.02 | 0.003  0.003
 Min   | 0.800  0.779 | 2273.3  2274.8 | 195.6  195   | 2.28  2.25 | 0.009 ‐0.001
 Max   | 0.879  0.892 | 2279.1  2278.1 | 197.6  204   | 2.35  2.34 | 0.020  0.012
__________________________________________________________________________________



Figure 1: Comparison of 2009 and 1992 concentrations of DIC, oxygen, 
          CFC12 and phosphate in the bottom waters (> 4000 dbar) in the 
          Tasman Sea. 


We also anticipated crossing the East Australia Current (EAC), the southward 
flowing, western boundary current of the South Pacific subtropical gyre. The 
EAC is a highly variable current with strong recirculations. We were at first 
somewhat confused by the strong northward and then strongly eastward currents 
measured by the LADCP (Figure 2). However, looking at satellite imagery, 
Scott Grant realized that we were clipping the northern edge of a large semi-
permanent eddy (Figure 3) seen in this region previously (Ridgeway et al., 
2003)

Nearing the eastern side of the Tasman Sea (past 160°E) the winds picked up 
and we experienced enough swell that one of optic casts had to be aborted. 
Nevertheless, we have had amazingly fair weather and dazzling clear, glassy 
seas for much of this cruise; the clouds which often ringed the horizons in 
the morning created gorgeous sunrises, tending to break up as the day went 
on. 

In the early days of the cruise, the only other disruption we've had occurred 
on the night of the Nov. 30th, when the DIC van lost power, and therefore, 
temperature control. The ship's engineers soon had the DIC group back in 
business. As we crossed the Lord Howe Rise into the New Caledonia Trough, the 
DIC team immediately noticed a change in water mass characteristics, born out 
in other properties (e.g. oxygen and nutrients) as well, and also seen in 
1992 (Figure 4). This same change was visible in the earlier data. 


Figure 2: LADCP velocities for the 100 P6 stations (S. Grant). The 
          other interesting features to notice in these figures are the 
          alternating zonal velocities above the ridge on the western 
          side of the Fiji Basin (between about station 52 and station 57). 
Figure 3: Real-time altimetry of SSH during one day early in the P6 
          occupation indicating the large eddy near 30S. 
Figure 4: Comparison of 2009 Tasman Sea and New Caledonia Trough DIC 
          and TALK values. 


Before station 41, when the Wye cable had been found, Wilf Gardner's 
transmissometer (327DR) replaced the SIO one which we had been using. Due to 
unstable return, the SIO transmissometer went back on the rosette prior to 
station 72. 

On December 3rd, while still in Norfolk Basin to the Northwest of New Zealand 
(between stations 47 and 48) we were forced to make a detour to Norfolk 
Island to med-evac one of the crew, who had developed some serious 
psychological symptoms. We had a few worrisome days while we waited to hear 
whether the problems he had been experiencing were in fact psychological (as 
was eventually determined) or the result of meningitis. Prior to finding out 
about these issues, we had been trying to determine why our casts were going 
so slowly. It turned out that for some of the casts, the winch speed was 
averaging 20 m/min. This problem was corrected, and was likely the result of 
inexperienced console operators, and the inexperience of at least one of 
winch operators (the one who later turned out to be ill). The one advantage 
of the side trip to Norfolk Island was that it afforded many of the groups 
the opportunity to get caught up on their analysis after numerous narrowly 
spaced stations over the steep topography. 

At Sea - Week 3:

Crossing the Fiji Basin, station sampling continued smoothly and our casts 
were followed by albatross and petrels, which we photographed and filmed, and 
photographed again. Bob, our cook wrote to a friend and expert on these birds 
and received the following response, which we include here as it suggests a 
possible further, and unexpected use of repeat transects. 

During this week, which included two Thursdays as we crossed the dateline, 
there was a flurry of activity, working on Styrofoam cups, both for ourselves 
and for the schools who were participating through our outreach website. 
Everyone wanted their cups to go down on our deepest casts at the Kermadec 
Trench, on the eastern side of the Fiji basin, past the Colville Ridge and 
Havre Trough. The cups for each of the schools were photographed next to a 
ruler before and after their trips to the bottom. Interestingly we noticed 
that the larger cups did not shrink to a consistent size even when they came 
from the same package of cups and were sent to the same depth on the same 
cast. Possibly this was due to variations in the Styrofoam, variations in the 
amount of paper towel placed inside the cups before they were sent down or 
variations in the amount of ink used on the cups. The inconsistent shrinking 
was particularly obvious with the Dunkin Donut's cups we sent down. 


From: Ric Zarwell
To: Bob
Sent: Monday, December 14, 2009 3:54 PM
Subject: Re: Albatross

Hi Bob:
Thanks for sending the photos. These are just the kind of questions I enjoy 
working on, and you're not the only person who to send me photos to ID. So 
keep sending if you want to. 

I would bet an awful lot on the first two photos being of one of two 
different species: either a Buller's Albatross, or a Grey-headed Albatross. 
The second photo is the most helpful because it shows the bill from the side. 
The relatively wide yellow "stripe" on the top and bottom of the bill, plus 
the dark coloration on the sides of the bill make me lean heavily toward 
Buller's Albatross. If that's not it, the bird has to be a Grey-headed 
Albatross - which my references show as having a narrower stripe of yellow 
above and below the dark sides of the bill. Albatross have juvenile plumages 
for several years before reaching breeding plumage, and this further 
complicates the ID of a bird resting on the water - but I'm going to stick 
with what I said above. 

The third and forth photos could very well be of two Wandering Albatross, the 
lighter one being in adult plumage or very close to it, and the darker one 
still being in juvenile plumage. These two birds are considerably larger than 
the bird in the first two photos. Without watching these guys for several 
minutes in different postures, it is really a tough call between Wandering 
Albatross and Royal Albatross. 

Do you have an ornithologist onboard who is really familiar with the 
different pelagic birds? If not, I volunteer!!!

Running repeated transects across the ocean and measuring physical and 
chemical parameters to monitor climate change is important, of course. But, 
at the very same time someone (like myself!) could be monitoring albatross, 
petrels, shearwaters, etc. for: 1) changes in how many different species are 
seen along the transect; 2) changes in total number of individuals for each 
different species; and, 3) changes in total number of all birds observed per 
transect, etc. Bird data like this could be gained simultaneously and then be 
easily compared to the other parameters that are being measured, and a good 
picture of how bird populations change in relation to climate change could be 
obtained relatively easily. 


Figure 5: One of the albatross who kept us company along much of our 
          transect (N. Williams).


All the 'extra' stations (see the introduction) were removed from our list of 
waypoints as we continued to struggle with keeping to the schedule. We put 
quite some effort into trying to determine where the time was going, but in 
the end, we came to the conclusion that it was simply the summing up of small 
delays - between bottle stops (exacerbated by the overheating of the winch, 
which often had to have its breaker reset when stopped on the way back up), 
between the various different types of casts, and the equipment issues which 
occasionally caused delays in sampling. These last only affected the overall 
time when the stations were closely spaced, which occurred fairly often to 
the west of the Kermadec Trench. Nevertheless, to west of the trench, we were 
able to maintain 30 nm station spacing limit and measured all 1992 positions. 

After some noisy profiles, prior to cast 72 the original transmissometer was 
once again put back on the rosette on AUX 2, V2 and fluorometer was put back 
on AUX 1, V0. The transmissometer produced a good profile, but the 
fluorometer did not work. At station 73 the fluorometer cable was swapped 
end-to-end. It worked once plugged in the correct way. 

At Sea - Week 4:

During sampling of station 77 there was the loud crash from the stern. The 
trace metal rosette wire had snapped and the rosette had fallen to the deck. 
It was fortunate, but perhaps also inevitable that it fell to the deck and 
not in the water, as it was thought extra strain on the line occurred as the 
rosette was brought up to the block. The Kevlar covered cable snapped, but 
the covering itself stretched. The frame was bent, but the CTD survived, and 
the team had the rosette back in the water in time for their next cast. 


Figure 6: (left) The damage to the trace metal rosette frame caused by 
          the snapping of the wire inside the Kevlar casing (right). 


We crossed the deepest portion of the Kermadec trench on stations 78-80 where 
we took our deepest samples at 6000 m (limited by the rosette 
instrumentation). Using multibeam (EM122), which has been supplying us with 
some amazing bathymetric images, we measured the deepest portion of the 
trench at 32.5°S to be at 9226 m at approximately 178.5E. 

On station 95/cast 2, we obtained extremely noisy data on all plumbed sensors 
on the primary side. The cast was aborted and the rosette recovered. It was 
quickly determined that a salp had completely plugged the T/C duct. The salp 
was sucked out using a syringe, the sensors were flushed with DI water and 
the rosette redeployed as cast 3. 

Once we made it into the open basin with fairly evenly spaced deep stations, 
we thought we had the schedule in check. At station 96, however, the weather 
deteriorated after the rosette went in the water. It took 7 hours for us to 
get it back out of the water and the cable required retermination to bypass 
two kinks before the next deployment. The storm we found ourselves in the 
midst of brought 50+ kt winds. Exterior damage included: the loss of the air-
conditioning in the HT van, which brought an end to helium sampling for leg 
1, and the need to re-weld the rosette track in place, after a portion of it 
was ripped from the deck by a wave. In the hanger, a number of salt bottles 
were taken by a wave while sampling, and in the ship the main disruption was 
the over flowing of water baths in the lab, and wave water entering the lab 
through the forward bulkhead. Some glass was broken and with one computer 
screen. 

As the storm was heading east along our track, we skipped the next station 
(creating the first 50 nm station spacing) in favor of the somewhat smoother 
ride obtained by making a dog-leg to the south. We were through the worst of 
the weather in 24 hours, and we forged ahead in spite of the strong swell 
that continued for a few more days and caused generally slow casts. The major 
result of the storm was that we had to lengthen the space between stations to 
stay on schedule. Once we were certain we could do it, we once again 
decreased the station spacing - this resulted in a group of stations set 40-
50 nm apart, followed by stations approximately 36 nm apart. The particular 
station locations used included those chosen to suit the float releases, 
those previously chosen for tritium sampling and the one chosen at the 
crossing of the P16 line at 150°W. 

 
At Sea - Week 5:

Working with the longer station spacing required by the schedule, the science 
teams were once again able to catch up on their analysis, so that in spite of 
the swell that came and went, sampling became less hurried, and everyone had 
time to prepare sampling bottles beforehand. 

At station 102, the primary conductivity sensor reported offset readings at 
the bottom of cast. The offset continued on the way up with another shift 
occurring part way up. The primary conductivity sensor was replaced. 

On station 107, the bottle spigot and boss were knocked off during recovery. 
The sample was lost. A bottle from the spare rosette replaced the damaged 
bottle. The original bottle's condition indicated a poor glue job during 
original construction. 

On station 110, the lower cap lanyard of bottle 29 parted during deployment 
when a tag line snagged the lower cap. The cast proceeded without repairs. 
Upon recovery it was found that both the caps and spring were lost during the 
cast. Bottle 30 vent cap was found broken off upon recovery. 

Having already spent Thanksgiving at sea, we had hoped to be able to call 
home on Christmas, but there appeared to be a problem with the coaxial cable 
in the satellite connection: we had power, but no signal. We did, however, 
have a wonderful 'holiday entertainment extravaganza'. This included Capt. 
Curl reading a heartfelt rendition of The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, sea 
shanties from science party, a variety of traditional and not so traditional 
holiday songs, and a documentary on the huge variety of Jack's inhabiting the 
ship narrated by our own version of Richard Attenborough. After a delicious 
supper, Santa stopped by with gifts for each of us. A good time was had by 
all. 


At Sea - Week 6:

On station 119, the lower cap lanyard of bottle 27 was snagged during 
recovery. The sample was lost. The bottle was not damaged. 

The Trace Metal group performed a cast at every other station: for our cruise 
this was on odd stations. At the request of the chief scientist, the last 
station for Trace Metal group was station 125. This request not to do a trace 
metal cast on station 127 was made in order to meet the designated time for 
leaving the final station required by the captain. 

On station 127, the last cast of the cruise, the fluorometer reported as 
being blocked by foreign material during the cast. All instruments appeared 
fine after cast. 

Following the final station, the wire was cut and the CTD/rosette was 
reterminated. 

The end of the final week at sea, which included a three-day steam to Papeete 
was been used for tidying up for leg 2, and for producing the preliminary 
documentation. New Year's Eve celebration preparation was also in full swing. 
These celebrations included the evening meal prepared by the scientists, a 
masquerade/costume party on the stern and a non-alcoholic punch made out of 
whatever consumable liquids could be found, to be drunk at midnight. 


Changes in T, S and O2 along the first leg of P6 (Shenfu Dong)

The P06 line was previously occupied in 1992 and 2003. The basic structure 
and character of the temperature, salinity, and oxygen distribution from the 
2009 P6 leg 1 (Brisbane-Tahiti) measurements are consistent with those 
observed from previous two occupations:

(1) Both the temperature and salinity iso-contours slope upward from 
    west to east in the upper 2000 m column, suggesting that the 
    temperature and salinity decrease toward the east in the upper 
    water column. 

(2) One of the most distinct features is the Antarctic Intermediate 
    Water (AAIW) which is recognized by westward extending tongues of 
    low-salinity and high dissolved oxygen around 1000 m depth. The 
    value of the salinity minimum decreases toward the east, whereas 
    the value of the oxygen maximum increases from west to east. The 
    minimum salinity is around 34.3. 

(3) A lower oxygen layer between 2000-3000 m marks the Upper 
    Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). The Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is 
    recognized by relatively high oxygen below UCDW. 

Changes in the temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were found 
compared to the previous two occupations in 1992 and 2003. The salinity 
minimum at ~1000 m decreased on average by ~0.01 during the 17-year period 
from 1992 to 2009. Half of the observed freshening occurs during the last 6 
years, i.e. from 2003 to 2009. The value of the higher dissolved oxygen above 
the salinity minimum layer (corresponding to AAIW) experiences an increasing 
trend as seen from these three occupations (Figure 7): the oxygen increased 
by ~5 uM/kg from 1992 to 2009. The increase in oxygen is mostly seen in the 
western part of the section (west of 180°E, Figure 7a). 

Changes in temperature are more complex, particularly in the Tasmania Sea 
region where the meandering of the boundary current and eddies may be one of 
the main factors for the warm/cold features observed in our measurements. The 
abyssal ocean (below 4000 m) experienced warming trend of about 0.02°C from 
1992 to 2009. The warming below 4000 m from 2003 to 2009 is about 0.01°C, 
corresponding to the half of the warming experienced in the last 17 years. 

 
Figure 7:  Oxygen Differences between (a) 2009 and 2003, (b) 2009 and 
           1992 and (c) between 2003 and 1992. 


Results from the TM program P6 
(Chris Measures)

The CLIVAR trace metal program (TM) is designed to provide data on the 
distribution of dissolved Fe and Al along selected tracks of the CLIVAR 
repeat hydrography program. Deriving a global data set of dissolved Fe data 
in the upper waters of the ocean is important to help constrain global 
climate models that seek to incorporate the effects of the abundance of this 
element on primary production and the global carbon dioxide cycle. Dissolved 
Al is important as it is a tracer of the locus and magnitude of dust 
deposition to the surface ocean, an important, but largely unquantified, 
vector for the delivery of Fe to the surface waters of the remote ocean. 

Initial shipboard results from the vertical profiles obtained by the TM 
program show a strong elevated dissolved Al signal penetrating to 300m 
associated with the East Australia current. Significant, but lower values of 
dissolved Al are seen throughout the Tasman Sea and a subsurface tongue of 
elevated Al is visible between 150 and 450m as far east as 170°W. The surface 
water Al values along the transect can be used to calculate dust deposition 
of approximately 1 g m-2 yr-1 in the Australian coastal regions decreasing to 
~ 0.5 g m-2 yr-1 across the Tasman Sea. Further east values in the gyre drop 
~ 0.25 g m-2 yr-1 before rising to more than 0.5 g m-2 yr-1 around 155°W. A 
region of enhanced dust deposition was also observed at this longitude, 
though somewhat further north, during the CLIVAR P16S leg. 

Dissolved Fe distributions also show enhancement throughout the water column 
in the initial coastal part of the section, but surface water values quickly 
diminish beyond 160°E. Fe values continue to drop in surface waters of the 
gyre to less than 0.2 nM by ~ 173°W. Subsurface values also drop from 1-1.5 
nM concentrations in the Tasman Sea to ~ 1nM at 175°W. A sharp drop in deep 
water concentrations at ~ 165°W to < 0.5nM coincides with the reduction in 
surface water Fe. 


Figure 8:  Column mean dust concentration along the first leg of P6. 
Figure 9:  Shows the effect of the sampling schemes. Schema I, II and 
           III in blue, red and green respectively.


Table 2:  Sampling scheme 1 (blue in Figure 9) . We rotated through the 
          3 schemes, using I on station 1, II on station 2, III on 
          station 3, I on station 4, II on station 5 etc… The column 
          that best represented the water column above the particular 
          bottom depth was chosen for each station. For example: for a 
          bottom depth of 4753 m on a station using scheme I, we might 
          choose column F, tripping the first bottle at 4745 m, the 
          second at 4325, the third at 4100, then 3800, 3500 and so on. 

                     P6 BOTTLE DEPTH GUIDE - SCHEME I

      A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N
36    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5
35   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20
34   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40
33   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65
32   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90
31  135  135  135  135  135  135  115  115  115  115  115  115  115  115
30  185  185  185  185  185  185  140  140  140  140  140  140  140  140
29  235  235  235  235  235  235  185  185  185  185  185  165  165  165
28  285  285  285  285  285  285  235  235  235  235  235  190  190  190
27  335  335  335  335  335  335  285  285  285  285  285  235  215  215
26  385  385  385  385  385  385  335  335  335  335  335  285  240  240
25  465  465  465  465  465  435  385  385  385  385  385  335  285  285
24  565  565  565  565  565  485  435  435  435  435  435  385  335  335
23  665  665  665  665  665  565  485  485  485  485  485  435  385  385
22  765  765  765  765  765  665  565  565  565  565  565  485  435  435
21  865  865  865  865  865  765  665  665  665  665  665  565  485  485
20  965  965  965  965  965  865  765  765  765  765  765  665  565  565
19 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065  965  865  865  865  865  865  765  665  665
18 1165 1165 1165 1165 1165 1065  965  965  965  965  965  865  765  765
17 1265 1265 1265 1265 1265 1165 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065  965  865  865
16 1365 1365 1365 1365 1365 1265 1165 1165 1165 1165 1165 1065  965  965
15 1535 1535 1535 1535 1465 1365 1265 1265 1265 1265 1265 1165 1065 1065
14 1735 1735 1735 1735 1565 1465 1365 1365 1365 1365 1365 1265 1165 1165
13 1935 1935 1935 1935 1735 1565 1465 1465 1465 1465 1465 1365 1265 1265
12 2165 2165 2165 2165 1935 1735 1565 1565 1565 1565 1565 1465 1365 1365
11 2415 2415 2415 2415 2165 1935 1735 1665 1665 1665 1665 1565 1465 1465
10 2665 2665 2665 2665 2415 2165 1935 1765 1765 1765 1765 1665 1565 1565
 9 2915 2915 2915 2915 2665 2415 2165 1935 1935 1935 1935 1765 1665 1665
 8 3200 3200 3200 3200 2915 2665 2415 2165 2165 2135 2135 1935 1765 1765
 7 3565 3500 3500 3500 3200 2915 2665 2415 2415 2335 2335 2135 1935 1865
 6 3965 3800 3800 3800 3500 3200 2915 2665 2665 2535 2535 2335 2135 1965
 5 4365 4200 4100 4100 3800 3500 3200 2915 2915 2735 2735 2535 2335 2135
 4 4765 4600 4475 4400 4100 3800 3500 3200 3165 2935 2935 2735 2535 2335
 3 5165 5000 4850 4700 4400 4100 3800 3500 3415 3200 3135 2935 2735 2535
 2                    split spacing with bottle above
 1                    8 to 10 meters above the bottom



Table 3: Sampling scheme II (red in Figure 9) . See the explanation given 
         in the caption of Table 2.

                     P6 BOTTLE DEPTH GUIDE - SCHEME II

      A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N
36    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5 
35   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25
34   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50
33   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75
32  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100
31  150  150  150  150  150  150  125  125  125  125  125  125  125  125
30  200  200  200  200  200  200  150  150  150  150  150  150  150  150
29  250  250  250  250  250  250  200  200  200  200  200  175  175  175
28  300  300  300  300  300  300  250  250  250  250  250  200  200  200
27  350  350  350  350  350  350  300  300  300  300  300  250  225  225
26  400  400  400  400  400  400  350  350  350  350  350  300  250  250
25  500  500  500  500  500  450  400  400  400  400  400  350  300  300
24  600  600  600  600  600  500  450  450  450  450  450  400  350  350
23  700  700  700  700  700  600  500  500  500  500  500  450  400  400
22  800  800  800  800  800  700  600  600  600  600  600  500  450  450
21  900  900  900  900  900  800  700  700  700  700  700  600  500  500
20  100  100  100  100  100  900  800  800  800  800  800  700  600  600
19  110  110  110  110  110  100  900  900  900  900  900  800  700  700
18  120  120  120  120  120  110  100  100  100  100  100  900  800  800
17  130  130  130  130  130  120  110  110  110  110  110  100  900  900
16  140  140  140  140  140  130  120  120  120  120  120  110  100  100
15  160  160  160  160  150  140  130  130  130  130  130  120  110  110
14  180  180  180  180  160  150  140  140  140  140  140  130  120  120
13  200  200  200  200  180  160  150  150  150  150  150  140  130  130
12  225  225  225  225  200  180  160  160  160  160  160  150  140  140
11  250  250  250  250  225  200  180  170  170  170  170  160  150  150
10  275  275  275  275  250  225  200  180  180  180  180  170  160  160
 9  300  300  300  300  275  250  225  200  200  200  200  180  170  170
 8  330  330  330  330  300  275  250  225  225  220  220  200  180  180
 7  360  360  360  360  330  300  275  250  250  240  240  220  200  190
 6  400  390  390  390  360  330  300  275  275  260  260  240  220  200
 5  440  430  420  420  390  360  330  300  300  280  280  260  240  220
 4  480  470  450  450  420  390  360  330  325  300  300  280  260  240
 3  520  510  490  480  450  420  390  360  350  330  320  300  280  260
 2                    split spacing with bottle above
 1                    8 to 10 meters above the bottom



Table 4: Sampling scheme III (green in Figure 9) . See the explanation 
         given in the caption of Table 2.

                    P6 BOTTLE DEPTH GUIDE - SCHEME III

      A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N
36    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5
35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35   35
34   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60
33   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85   85
32  115  115  115  115  115  115  110  110  110  110  110  110  110  110
31  165  165  165  165  165  165  135  135  135  135  135  135  135  135
30  215  215  215  215  215  215  165  165  165  165  165  160  160  160
29  265  265  265  265  265  265  215  215  215  215  215  185  185  185
28  315  315  315  315  315  315  265  265  265  265  265  215  210  210
27  365  365  365  365  365  365  315  315  315  315  315  265  235  235
26  435  435  435  435  435  415  365  365  365  365  365  315  265  265
25  535  535  535  535  535  465  415  415  415  415  415  365  315  315
24  635  635  635  635  635  535  465  465  465  465  465  415  365  365
23  735  735  735  735  735  635  535  535  535  535  535  465  415  415
22  835  835  835  835  835  735  635  635  635  635  635  535  465  465
21  935  935  935  935  935  835  735  735  735  735  735  635  535  535
20  103  103  103  103  103  935  835  835  835  835  835  735  635  635
19  113  113  113  113  113  103  935  935  935  935  935  835  735  735
18  123  123  123  123  123  113  103  103  103  103  103  935  835  835
17  133  133  133  133  133  123  113  113  113  113  113  103  935  935
16  146  146  146  146  143  133  123  123  123  123  123  113  103  103
15  166  166  166  166  153  143  133  133  133  133  133  123  113  113
14  186  186  186  186  166  153  143  143  143  143  143  133  123  123
13  208  208  208  208  186  166  153  153  153  153  153  143  133  133
12  233  233  233  233  208  186  166  163  163  163  163  153  143  143
11  258  258  258  258  233  208  186  173  173  173  173  163  153  153
10  283  283  283  283  258  233  208  186  186  186  186  173  163  163
 9  310  310  310  310  283  258  233  208  208  206  206  186  173  173
 8  340  340  340  340  310  283  258  233  233  226  226  206  186  183
 7  373  370  370  370  340  310  283  258  258  246  246  226  206  193
 6  413  403  400  400  370  340  310  283  283  266  266  246  226  206
 5  453  443  430  430  400  370  340  310  308  286  286  266  246  226
 4  493  483  463  460  430  400  370  340  333  310  306  286  266  246
 3  533  523  503  490  460  430  400  370  358  340  326  306  286  266
 2                    split spacing with bottle above
 1                    8 to 10 meters above the bottom





Outreach web: http://www.whoi.edu/cruise/clivar-p6

We began a web site for this cruise as a way to talk to one classroom, but 
ended up directly contacting seven. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution help 
by housing and maintaining the website. Our thanks to Dina Pandya and Annie 
Doucette for their onshore help in getting it organized and keeping it up to 
date. Frank Delahoyde made it possible for us to send large images and video 
back to shore so they could be included. All the student watch standers, 
especially Karen Stamieszkin, as well as a number of others in the science 
party, contributed text and images, and a number of the crew also contributed 
photos and movies to the web site. The overall effort involved was enormous. 
We could have easily used somebody working full time just on the website. 
Please visit it. We will try to include the missing pieces once we return to 
land. 

 

CLIVAR P6 Students:

Our students were exemplarily, working as CTD console operators, sample cops, 
salt and nutrient samplers, deck hands, gophers, artisans, knot tiers 
extraordinaire, and the main contributors to the outreach website. They were 
an enormous help to everyone throughout the cruise as they learned to sample 
pH, alkalinity, tritium and eventually DIC, as well as learning to run the 
salt analysis. They did all of this with a smile, and never failed to jump 
enthusiastically to any task asked of them. 

A special thanks to Carolina Berys for handling LADCP operations during the 
night shift and to Karen Stamieszkin who worked long hours to provide 
exciting pictures, vivid interviews, and journal entries with her own touch 
of "sarcasm" for our outreach website. Mimi Szeto put together notes for 
everyone on how to run the console, and she and Carolina also put together 
the Watch Note entries for the website, while Liz Burakowski contributed by 
answering email questions. As a final note: Liz, Karen and Shenfu hold the 
record for fastest cocking of 36 bottles at 3 minutes and 13 seconds, 
including valve tightening, syringes and window cleaning (tops and bottoms 
not cocked simultaneously). The other team was overwhelmed by the 
overpowering need to triple check all components of the setup, and so found 
themselves unable to compete at this level. 

We had two other students with us. One was Il Nam Kim, funded through the NSF 
CLIVAR grant he worked with the University of Miami/RSMAS CFC group. While at 
sea he became at expert cribbage player, while waiting for the various pings 
and whistles of the CFC analysis system. When not on shift he spent his time 
developing a theory on the circulation of old and new Antarctic waters that 
he presented at our final science meeting, Jack Payette was hired on 
literally at the last minute when one of the trace metal group became ill. 
Jack has been a wonderful addition to both the TM group as well as to the 
cruise as whole. He too contributed to the web page effort writing articles 
and providing pictures and movies. 

Our thanks to you all. We couldn't have asked for a better team of students. 

Here we present some of their stories. Others can be found on the outreach 
web site at http://www.whoi.edu/cruise/clivar-p6. 

Liz Burakowski 

I am a first-year PhD student at the University of New Hampshire. My 
dissertation research focuses primarily on aspects of winter climate change 
in relation to changes in surface albedo. I plan to use climate modeling to 
capture the influence of synoptic scale climatological oscillations such as 
the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the 
North Atlantic Oscillation. I decided to participate in the 2009-2010 CLIVAR 
P6 cruise to gain hands-on data collection experience during an El Nino 
winter. 

As a watch stander, my primary responsibilities have been to assist in the 
deployment and recovery of the 36-bottle CTD carousel and the trace metals 
carousel, to collect nutrient and salinity samples, and to ensure that all 
other water samples are properly collected and accounted for. Through 
speaking with the other research teams, I have learned a lot about the 
relationships between climate and the carbon cycle. In particular, I was most 
intrigued by the research conducted by the Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM), 
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and Trace Metals (TM) teams. I look forward to 
reading the peer-reviewed publications that will be made possible by the data 
collected on this cruise. 

My previous experience at sea had been with the Sea Education Association 
(SEA) based out of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. As an SEA scientist, I had 
mentored high school and undergraduate students through oceanographic 
research projects in biological, geological, chemical and physical 
oceanography. It has been a great experience to compare the research 
methodologies of SEA with the large-scale operation of CLIVAR. 

Overall, I was surprised at how well SEA prepared me for the rigorous 
collection of high quality oceanographic datasets. While I sometimes longed 
for the peaceful quiet of sailing under wind power, it was quite a treat to 
spend time at sea with the luxuries of internet, laundry, and of course the 
hot tub under a full moon on the upper deck of the R/V Melville. The crew of 
the R/V Melville have been fantastic, and I hope to see them again on future 
cruises. 

Mimi Szeto 

Hi. My name is Mimi Szeto. I am a graduate student at the University of New 
Hampshire (UNH) . I study marine bio-optics, which is part of the basis for 
developing satellite imagery of oceanic properties. As CTD student watch 
stander for CLIVAR P6, I have been part of the team that handles the 
logistics of collecting water at different depths and distributing it to the 
various technicians who process the samples. 

This experience has been a tremendous blessing, as I had never had much 
experience at sea even though I had just finished writing my Master's Thesis 
using a dataset of in situ measurements made on cruises comparable to P6. 
With exposure to this other side of oceanography, I am certain that I am 
leaving with a more realistic and comprehensive perspective on data analysis 
and modern oceanographic science in general. 

Initially, I was inundated with unfamiliar terminology and disappointed by my 
clumsiness when trying to prepare the rosette for deployment. My eagerness to 
understand all the required tasks at once led me to focus too much on each 
nitty-gritty detail. Sending Rosie (my nickname for the rosette) down to deep 
waters and returning it safely with the desired water samples is not a 
trivial matter! We're handling a 200, 000-dollar rosette in water 5000 m 
below the surface! 

With more casts, I learned to calm down, and my 2 AM -2 PM shift soon seemed 
more familiar, and consequently, more tedious. Charlene, one of the 
technicians for CFCs, helped me see the significance of the repetition to the 
overall goal, and this helped me maintain a positive attitude. Every so 
often, I also reverted to the initial rush of excitement -- which I'd say 
lasted for a good week-- upon touching the exotic water from 4000 m deep. 

Aside from accomplishing my duties as a watch stander, the most important 
aspect of this journey has been the dialogue I have accumulated with everyone 
onboard. With these conversations, I have learned much on the subject of 
collecting oceanographic data, particularly about the different roles 
required, from my bottom-rung-of-the-ladder position to that of the project 
investigator, and the international committee in charge of the funding. In 
addition, I see my textbook-based perspective on oceanography evolving to one 
that incorporates the organic aspects we never learn about in school. I can 
now better conceive some of the innumerable sources of uncertainty, and also 
appreciate the immense effort put into organizing the entire project. I know 
this change in perspective will only add to the rigor of my future endeavors 
in oceanography. 

Karen Stamieszkin 

My interest in the CLIVAR P6 cruise began with a desire for more experience 
at sea. Previously I had participated in numerous single day biological 
research cruises; I had never been at sea for an extended period of time, nor 
had any substantial experience with physical oceanography. My background is a 
mosaic of work relating to ecology and natural resource management, with an 
emphasis on marine science. I am currently an associate scientist for the 
Right Whale Habitat Studies program at the Provincetown Center for Coastal 
Studies, though I plan to return to school to begin a PhD within the next two 
years. It was therefore also my hope that the P6 cruise would expose me to 
various fields of oceanographic research. 

As a CTD watch stander on the P6 cruise, I learned the ins and outs of 
collecting water for analysis. I also had the opportunity to discuss the 
research of the many groups onboard with scientists and technicians. Exposure 
to these projects is important to me, as I aim to have a holistic vision of 
climate research, and how it gives us a complete understanding of 
oceanographic processes in relation to climate change. In addition to the 
scientific aspects of the P6 cruise, I enjoyed learning about the operation 
of the R/V Melville; with an understanding of the technical aspects of 
oceanographic research I have a greater appreciate for the breadth of 
resources and expertise necessary to conduct successful oceanographic 
research. 

Carolina Berys 

As a data manager at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, participating in a 
CLIVAR cruise and experiencing the data collection process first hand has 
been an incredibly enriching process both professionally and personally. 

My duties on board allowed me to take part in data collection, along with 
observing the other scientists and technicians to better understand the 
importance and nature of meta-data. As a CTD watch stander, my duties 
included deck work (deploying and recovering the rosette), acting as sample 
cop (coordinating and documenting sample 'traffic'), console watch (executing 
bottle trips to grab water samples as the rosette rose from the sea bottom), 
and taking samples (primary samples nutrients and salinity, and also 
assisting other scientists sampling pH and DIC), and training in running the 
salt analysis on the salinometer. An auxiliary part my job was contributing 
to outreach materials (www.whoi.edu/cruise/clivarp6, www.ushydro.ucsd. 
edu/outreach). Additionally, I assisted as the night shift LADCP data 
collector, which consisted of connecting and downloading data from the 
equipment after coming on deck. 

Working alongside experts with decades of experience in the field has given 
me an even deeper sense of appreciation for conscientious process execution 
in the face of numbing repetition, 34 careful record keeping, and how 
valuable the keen eye of a dedicated professional is. The myriad of technical 
difficulties and factors that go into each cast and the work of the talented 
scientists I had the pleasure to work along side with reminds me of the need 
for documentation and meta-data to ensure that the meticulous work being done 
remains useful and viable for future scientists and research purposes. 

Aside from learning a great deal about hydrography, I learned a great deal 
about myself as well the great beauty that abounds in the vast oceans that 
cover this planet of ours. I gained friendships, shared experiences, and 
memories with my fellow cast members that I will treasure dearly. 

Il Nam Kim 

First of all, I'm so glad to participate in the P6 cruise. Even though this 
is the longest cruise of my experiences, I could learn many things to be a 
real oceanographer. I worked at SF6/CFCs team as student analyst. I have seen 
the peak of CFCs at the bottom only through book and paper, indicating deep 
water formation. Fortunately, I could get water samples by my hand and see 
directly the peak by eye, showing new Antarctic Bottom. It was a wonderful 
experience in my oceanography life. Also, I was truly happy to work with 
Charlene and Jim. 

Jack Payette

My name is Jack Payette, I am a recent graduate of The University of New 
Hampshire with a bachelor's degree in Oceanography. I first heard about the 
CLIVAR P6 cruise from my oceanography professors I had at UNH as an undergrad 
who forwarded me the email from Alison Macdonald the Chief Scientist. I 
applied for the CTD watch stander positions, but didn't get one, due to the 
high volume of applicants, and preference for graduate students (I hadn't yet 
gotten into a graduate program). However, only 2 weeks before the cruise 
started, I got an email from Professor Chris Measures a P. I. from the 
University of Hawaii saying that he needed someone to work with his trace 
metal group aboard the cruise. I emailed him back right away, the very next 
hour, and told him a definite YES! I had participated in a NOAA hydrography 
cruise as a mapping intern/watch stander for about 15 days during September 
2009, this was when I first received the email about P6. Leg 1 of the CLIVAR 
P6 cruise was 44 days, nearly 3 times longer than my first cruise with NOAA. 
I was glad I had done an oceanography cruise before, so I knew what I was 
getting into. The fact that the R/V Melville is a Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography, UNOLS vessel was a big plus for me. In fact, the Friday before 
I flew out to Brisbane I submitted my graduate school application to Scripps 
for a PhD in Oceanography. This has been my first long, serious oceanographic 
research cruise, and it has been a great experience. I have had a wonderful 
time, learned a lot, and I would certainly do it again. I have truly enjoyed 
being part of the trace metal chemistry group. Even though I spent many long 
hours doing tedious trace metal clean sub-sampling in the back of our Van, 
this has been a worthwhile experience. I have learned a lot from Chris, as 
well as Bill his post-doc, and Max his graduate student. I got an inside look 
at what trace metal chemical oceanographers do. It was great working with the 
trace metal group because some of my research interests do overlap with them. 
Also seeing, and learning from everyone one aboard has helped me personally, 
gain a better understanding of what I want to do. It's been great just 
talking to other people, whether they are researchers, students, scientists, 
technicians, post-docs, or something in between like me. I have truly 
benefited from everyone's unique perspective, and the variety of research 
that has been done on P6. My only wish is that we had a few more biologists 
on board! It's been a great cruise overall though, and I have made many great 
connections. I can only hope to do a similar cruise again, and maybe see or 
work with P6ers in the future. 

Conclusions and other items:

One of the major successes of this cruise has been the shipboard website 
which was able to supply current station data to everyone aboard almost 
immediately upon recovery. Obviously, water sample data came a little later, 
but the various groups were usually able to supply their numbers within a day 
of sampling. Our data analysts and computer tech have been invaluable in this 
capacity, as well as, in all their handling of data calibrations and issues. 
Our thanks to the SIO/ODF/Data/Computer Tech Team. 

From the very start the science team felt welcome and very well supported 
onboard the R/V Melville. This was the fifth cruise for the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat 
Hydrography Program on an SIO ship. We have enjoyed the good fortune of 
sailing with highly experienced officers and crew, many of whom had sailed on 
previous cruises for the CLIVAR program. All our initial concerns about 
fitting so many different science groups onto Melville have proved completely 
without basis. All the crew, from the captain on down helped make this 
happen. Built in 1969, the ship has been well-maintained and well outfitted 
for long cruises such as P06. 

The captain, Chris Curl has been a constant source of support and good humor, 
and as he says himself 'perhaps too approachable,' It was he who pushed for 
the weekly science meetings, which have been a great success and which he has 
attempted to attend, even though sampling has made them moveable affairs. He 
and Eric, the 1st mate, have also dealt sensitively and professionally with 
three medical situations. Our winch operators, Joe, Bob, Matt, Will and Pete 
kept our tension down and brought the rosette back every time, setting it 
neatly at our feet, and letting us feel like we had done ourselves. Our 
extremely talented chefs, Bob and Richard, have fed us all manner of 
delicacies, and along with making bread every day for dinner, they have been 
singularly responsible for bringing the night crew back to life in the 
mornings with a resuscitation method based on hot scones and muffins with 
Starbucks coffee at 06:00. They also have managed to always include something 
for the four vegetarians on board, along something resembling salad, even 
today on our 41st day at sea. Of course, at lunch today, the white board 
displaying the dinner menu stated "Out of Food". This state of affairs should 
make the New Year's Eve dinner the scientists are preparing tomorrow an 
interesting meal. But seriously, all the crew has been not only supportive of 
our science needs, but also genuinely interested in what we are doing. They 
have joined us at meals, between meals, in the cribbage tournament (Dave 
Grimes, the boatswain, created a beautiful wooden cribbage board as a trophy) 
and in our holiday celebrations. It has been a pleasure sailing with them. 

Given all properties measured, and number and variety of casts, the chief and 
co-chief scientists would like to commend the ship's crew, all the various 
science groups, and particularly, our multi-talented SIO deck 
managers/restechs, Rob and Keith for their hard work, contentious effort, and 
willingness to work cooperatively, and with good humor. This effort has 
allowed us to overcome technical, meteorological, and medical difficulties 
and bring this first leg to a successful conclusion. 

 

Data Processing Notes

Date        Person      Date Type      Event           Summary
----------  ----------  -------------  --------------  -------------------------------
2009-11-18  Diggs       Metadata       Website Update  Cruise track/Prelim doc online
            Cruise map, metadata and PDF planning documents online

2010-02-08  Johnson     BTL            Submitted       CTDO/TraceMtls to go online
            Action: Place Online
            Notes: Preliminary Bottle, CTDO and Trace Metal Data for P06 Leg 1

2010-02-09  Schatzma    BTL/SUM        Submitted       Updated files
            Action: Place Online
            Notes: Please replace data Mary sent Fri with these 3 files.

2010-02-09  Diggs       BTL/CTD/DOCS   Data Update     corrected data, docs received from ODF
            Preliminary CTD and Bottle data are available in the following formats:
            • WHP-Exchange format (_hy1.csv/_ct1.csv)
            • WHP90.1 format (*.sum/*.sea/*.ctd)
            • WHP NetCDF format (CTD only, *.nc).
            Preliminary documentation from all leg 1 groups is also available.

            SBE Calibration coefficients and shipboard corrections were applied to
            all STS/ODF CTDO data in this release. Only minor changes, if any,
            are expected to be made to this data set.

            Only the most basic processing (block-averaging) was performed on the 
            Trace Metal CTD data. 2007-2008 SBE calibration data (same as used
            for CLIVAR I05) were provided by U. of Hawaii and applied to Pressure,
            Temperature and Conductivity (Salinity). Preliminary oxygen corrections
            from CLIVAR I05 (which used the same SBE Oxygen sensor) were applied to
            TM Oxygen data in order to get them in the ballpark. No corrections were
            applied to Fluorometer data. TM data were ONLY collected during Leg 1.

2010-02-16  Kappa       Cruise Report  Website Update  Various reports Merged, placed online

2010-03-04  Diggs       BTL/CTD/SUM    Website Update  WHP/NetCDF/Exchange files online
            Bottle WHP format and Exchange, CTD Exchange and CTD-NetCDF now online. 
            NetCDF CTD do not contain TRANSM,FLUORM, or CTDETIME as they are "products". 
            Bottle Exchange is online, however, new parameters will either need to be 
            handled properly or excluded in NetCDF files for these discreet data.

2010-03-31  Bartolocci  BTL            Website update  Updated file online
            2010.03.8 DBK
            Reformatting the updated P06_318M20091112 bottle file: 
            Original file was p06_318M20091112_orig_hy1.csv
            Exchange file:
            • edited PH_TEMP to PH_TMP
            • edited REF_TEMP to REF_TMP
            • edited CHLOR to CHLORA
            • edited CDOMSLOG to CDOMSL
            • removed PHOTOLYSIS as per Norm Nelson. These values may come in at a later 
              date, but it is unclear at present.

            NOTE: It should be noted that the parameter mnemonic BACT currently
            denotes heterotrophic bacterioplankton at CCHDO, however the data 
            expected for that column is of cyanobacteria and may therefore be 
            changed once data are submitted.

            Edited file named: p06_318M20091112_orig_edt_hy1.csv
            • Ran copy_bottle_data.rb to re-order parameters in the 
              exchange file and as a bit of a first pass format check.
              Ordered file named: p06_318M20091112_hy1.csv

            This file was then copied to p06_318M20091112_hy1.csv
            • NOTE: Because the exchange to netcdf code was crashing
              based upon placement of the BOT_LAT, BOT_LON parameters,
              these two parameters were moved in the file to follow other
              bottle parameters in order. 
            • Ran exbot_to_netcdf.pl to convert exchange bottle file to
              netcdf files. Zipped the resultant files into file: 
              p06_318M20091112_nc_hyd.zip
              ncdump of random stations indicates the conversion ran with no errors.
            • Ran exchange_to_wocebot.rb to create a woce formatted bottle file, however
              attempts to format check file are not possible due to the large number of 
              non-woce parameters within it. File was visually checked and put online.

