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CRUISE REPORT: ANAS3
(Updated AUG 2011)


HIGHLIGHTS

                           CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

               Section Designation  ANAS3
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  316N19810516
                  Chief Scientists  Laurence Armi/SIO
                             Dates  1981 May 16 - 1981 June 14  
                              Ship  KNORR
                     Ports of call  Hamilton, Bermuda - Ponta Delgada, Azores

                                                 35° 32.7' N
             Geographic Boundaries  56° 11.4' W               18° 10.5' W
                                                 28° 43.3' N

                          Stations  68
      Floats and drifters deployed  0
    Moorings deployed or recovered  0


                           Recent Contact Information

                                 Laurence Armi   
   Scripps Institution of Oceanography • University of California, San Diego
            9500 Gilman Drive • La Jolla CA, 92093 • Mail Code: 0225
                             Email: larmi@ucsd.edu









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   T     RACERS
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                              NORTH ATLANTIC STUDY

                           1 April - 19 October, 1981

                   Shipboard Physical and Chemical Data Report



                                                         Data Report Prepared by

                                 Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility 
                                             Scripps Institution of Oceanography 
                                             University of California, San Diego
                                                                      March 1986






Sponsored by
National Science Foundation
Grant OCE 79-25890
and                                                      SIO Reference No. 86-15
Department of Energy                                  PACODF Publication No. 221
INTRODUCTION





In this report are published the shipboard hydrographic, radon, and freon 
data taken during the North Atlantic Study of the Transient Tracers in the 
Ocean program (TTO-NAS). Hydrographic data were taken by the Physical and 
Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility (PACODF) of Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography. The radon and freon data included in the final sections of this 
report were taken by William Smethie of Lamont-Doherty Geological 
Observatory, and Richard Gammon of University of Washington, respectively.

The field work was carried out aboard RV KNORR, operated by Woods Hole 
Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), on an expedition of 7 legs. The expedition 
began and ended at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, leaving port on 1 April and 
returning on 19 October 1981.

The cruise track constituted a more or less counter-clockwise 
circumnavigation of the North Atlantic, beginning with a number of sections 
across the western boundary current south to about 15°N latitude. A section 
between Bermuda and the Azores with an intensive survey of several "salt 
lenses" at intermediate depths south of the Azores, was followed by a survey 
of water mass characteristics in the North East Atlantic Basin. The KNORR 
then moved northward for a study of the sources of dense water in the North 
Atlantic Ocean, taking stations in the deep basins of the Norwegian and 
Greenland Seas, and reaching a latitude of 78°N. Returning into the Atlantic, 
additional sections were completed across the Irminger Sea, south of the 
Denmark Straits, the Labrador Sea, and across the North Atlantic Current. The 
final leg of the expedition ran down the western basin of the North Atlantic 
to 28°N, then turned northwest for a last section across the basin and 
through the western boundary current.

During the expedition many of the Geochemical Ocean Section Study (GEOSECS) 
stations taken in 1972 were reoccupied, and many of the parameters measured 
during the GEOSECS program were sampled again, some by the same personnel, 
some even with the same equipment, and of course, on the same ship. The chief 
scientists, most of whom were heavily involved in the GEOSECS program, 
prepared brief narratives for each leg which were published as introductions 
to the preliminary leg reports, and which are reproduced in the following 
section of this final report.

The original plan for the report included additional graphics presentations 
which do not appear in this publication. Both vertical sections and maps of 
properties on several density surfaces were desired, but for budgetary and 
other reasons, it became impractical to complete the volume as planned. After 
considerable discussion, there was not a clear consensus that TTO data alone 
is sufficiently dense in many areas to produce adequate horizontal maps. The 
production of an Atlantic atlas of contemporary hydrographic and tracer data 
from several sources may be more appropriate than attempting to include data 
from other expeditions in this final TTO-NAS report.

Many of the potential users of this report are familiar with GEOSECS data 
reports, the GEOSECS Atlas series [1], and the units and parameters used 
therein. While the tabular data format appearing here is similar to that 
found in GEOSECS publications, potential temperature and density-related 
parameters (sigma theta, 2, 4) published in this report will not be directly 
comparable with the same GEOSECS parameters.

The specific gravity equations of Cox et al. [2] and compressibility of Ekman 
[3] were used throughout the GEOSECS program to calculate sigma theta and 
sigma 4. At the time TTO-NAS was planned it was decided to use the new 
International Equation of State [4] from which absolute densities may be 
calculated, rather than specific gravities. The sigma quantities in this 
report are therefore potential densities in units of kilograms/cubic meter, 
from which 1000 has been subtracted.

Potential temperatures in the GEOSECS data were calculated according to 
Helland-Hansen [5]. In this report that parameter has been computed using 
Fofonoff's integration of Bryden's adiabatic temperature gradient equation 
[6]. The same routine is used to compute the temperature of water moved 
adiabatically to 2000 or 4000 decibars, for the subsequent calculations of 
sigma 2 or sigma 4.

A comparison of various calculations of sigmas, including the Knudsen 
equations [7] and potential. temperatures for NAS Station 6 was published in 
Volume I, TTO-NAS Preliminary Hydrographic Data Report. Typical differences 
are as follows:


        P     T       S     POT T   SIC 0   SIC 2   SIG 4    SOURCES
      ----  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ---------
        8   21.509  36.420  21.507  25.437  33.824  41.853  F-B  IES
                            21.507  25.455  33.857  41.879  H-H  COX
                                    25.452  33.854  41.874       KNUD
      2493   3.408  34.967   3.201  27.840  36.972  45.698  F-B  IES
                             3.197  27.876  37.034  45.759  H-H  COX
                                    27.862  37.020  45.744       KNUD
      5316   2.238  34.877   1.737  27.894  37.107  45.908  F-B  IES
                             1.727  27.927  37.168  45.968  H-H  COX
                                    27.916  37.156  45.957       KNUD


Rosette cast pressure and temperature data given in this report were normally 
taken from the corrected CTD output at the time the bottles were tripped. 
Reversing thermometers provided pressure and temperature for Gerard and most 
shallow radon casts. Salinity has been calculated according to the equations 
of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (8) from either CTD conductivity, 
temperature, and pressure, or conductivity ratio determined from bottle 
samples analyzed in duplicate with a Guildline Model 8400 laboratory 
salinometer. Dissolved oxygen was determined by a modified Winkler titration 
[9]. Nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite) were analyzed using 
a modified Technicon AutoAnalyzer and the methodologies employed during 
GEOSECS [1]. Alkalinity and Total CO2 were determined by potentiometric acid 
titration with hardware developed for the GEOSECS Indian Ocean Expedition 
[10] and the equations of Bradshaw and Brewer [11].

Casts taken during the expedition can generally be categorized in two types, 
small and large volume. Small volume casts employed a PACODF-designed 
multisampler based on a General Oceanics rosette pylon. On the multisampler 
were mounted 24 PVC sampling bottles of 10 liters volume, a Neil Brown Mark 
III CTD modified by PACODF, and a pinger. On many of these casts, a 1-meter 
beam transmissometer and/or a nephelometer were in use. On numerous casts, a 
second sampler was deployed 10 meters above the first unit. The second unit 
consisted of a General Oceanics 12-place rosette holding 30 liter Niskin 
bottles for the collection of bottom radon samples. On occasional stations 30 
liter Niskin bottles were deployed serially on the hydro wire for collection 
of surface radon samples.

Large volume stations included the normal small volume sample acquisition 
plus the collection of samples for shorebased analysis of radiocarbon, Ra228, 
Kr85, and infrequently, Ar39. These samples were collected in 270 liter 
stainless steel Gerard barrels deployed on the ship's trawl wire. Usually, 9 
barrels were used on each cast. A 10 liter Niskin bottle was mounted on the 
outside of each Gerard barrel, and was linked to the Gerard closure mechanism 
so that the Gerard could not close without tripping the Niskin bottle as 
well.

The original intent of this system was to provide a verification of the 
Gerard tripping depths via the reversing thermometers mounted on the Niskin 
bottle, and by comparison of salinities taken from both samplers. For the TTO 
program a decision was made to draw the standard rosette samples from the 
Niskins used on large volume casts rather than interpolate property values 
from the rosette casts, as was done during the GEOSECS program. For some of 
the properties this technique was effective; however for dissolved oxygen and 
nutrients the results were not as good as had been anticipated. Nitrate and 
phosphate, in particular, were affected, probably by the flaking of small 
rust particles from the trawl wire. On some stations it will be noted that 
the merging of rosette and large volume cast data has produced profiles that 
are not as smooth as the profiles from small volume stations. The use of 
Niskins on Gerard barrels for other than depth verification should be 
considered carefully in the future.

Following the protocol established during the GEOSECS program, all samples 
were given a sample number which is equal to the cast X 100, plus the bottle 
number. For convenience, sampling bottles were numbered as follows:

               1-24    10 liter rosette bottle
              25-36    30 liter rosette bottle
              40-47    10 liter bottle mounted on Gerard barrel
              50-65     5 liter rosette bottle
              70-78    30 liter bottle deployed on hydro wire
              85-97   270 liter Gerard barrel


Throughout the data report alphabetic characters may be found in the tabular 
data. These characters have the following meaning.


D  A salinity value, normally from a bottle sample has been taken from CTD 
   records.
  
H  A pressure or temperature value has been calculated from thermometric 
   sources rather than from the CTD as is normally the case on rosette casts.
  
U  A data value is suspect, although no obvious reason has been found.
  


Listings of the subroutines used in the calculation of various parameters are 
included in Appendix I.

The hydrographic and CTD work was supported by the National Science 
Foundation, Division of Ocean Science Section, Grant #OCE 79-25890 and the 
Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy 
Sciences Carbon Dioxide Research Division to Physical and Chemical 
Oceanographic Data Facility, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.


                                                      Robert T. Williams
                                                      Acting Project Director
                                                      PACODF


REFERENCES

[1]  A.E. Bainbridge, GEOSECS Atlantic Expedition Volume 1, Hydrographic  
       Data, National Science Foundation (1981) 038-000-00491-3.
     A.E. Bainbridge, GEOSECS Atlantic Expedition Volume 2, Sections and Pro  
       files, National Science Foundation (1980) 038-000-00435-2.
     W.S. Broecker D.W. Spencer, H. Craig, GEOSECS Pacific Expedition Volume 
       3, Hydrographic data, National Science Foundation (1982) 
       038-000-00503-1.
     H. Craig, W. S. Broecker, D. W. Spencer, GEOSECS Pacific Expedition 
       Volume 4, Sections and Profiles, National Science Foundation (1981) 
       038-00000496-4.
     R.F. Weiss, W. S. Broecker, H. Craig D. W. Spencer GEOSECS Indian Ocean 
       Expedition Volume 5, Hydrographic data, National science Foundation 
       (1983) 038-000-00525-1.
     D.W. Spencer W.S. Broecker, H. Craig, R.F. Weiss, GEOSECS Indian Ocean 
       Expedition 1olume 6, Sections and Profiles, National Science 
       Foundation (1982) 038-000-00515-4.
     H.G. Ostlund, H. Craig, W.S. Broecker, D.W. Spencer, GEOSECS Atlantic, 
       Pacific, and Indian Oceans Expedition Volume 7, Shorebased Data, 
       National Science Foundation (In press).
[2]  R.A. Cox, N.J. McCartney, and F. Culkin, The specific 
       gravity/salinity/temperature relationship in natural seawater, Deep     
       Sea Research 17 (1970) 679-689.
[3]  V.W. Ekman, Die Zusammendruckbarkeit des Meervassers nebat einigen 
       Werten fur Wasser und Quecksilber, Publications de Circonstance, 
       Conseil Permanent international pour l'exploration de la Mer 43 (1908) 
       1-47.
[4]  F.J. Millero, C. T. Chen, A. Bradshaw, and K. Schleicher, A new high 
       pressure equation of state for seawater, Deep Sea Research 2 (1980).
[5]  B. Helland-Hansen, The Ocean Waters Intern. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. 
       Hydrogr., Suppl. to Bd. III, Ser.1, H.2 (1912) 1-84.
[6]  H.P. Fofonoff, Computation of potential temperature of seawater for an 
       arbitrary reference pressure, Deep Sea Research 24 (1980) 489-491.
[7]  N. Knudsen, C. Forch, and S.P.L. Sorensen, Berichte uber die Konstanten-
       bestimungen zur Auftellung der Hydrographischen Tabellen. Vgl. Danske 
       Videnskab. Selskabs, Skrifter, Naturvidenskab. math, Afdel. XII 1 
       (1902) 2-151.
[8]  E.L. Lewis, The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and its antecedents, IEEE 
       S. of Oceanic Eng. OE-5 (1980) 3-8.
[9]  J.H. Carpenter, The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler 
       dissolved oxygen method, Limnology and Oceanography 10 (1965) 141-143.
[10] D.L. Bos, R.T. Williams, History and development of the GEOSECS 
       alkalinity titration system, Workshop on Oceanic CO2 Standardization, 
       November 30December 1 1979, Carbon Dioxide Effects Research and 
       Assessment Program, CONF-79111'3, U. S. Department of Energy (1982) 
       42-59.
[11] A.L. Bradshaw, P.G. Brewer, D.K. Schaefer R .T. Williams, Measurements 
       of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity y potentiometric titration in 
       the GEOSECS Program, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55 (1981) 
       99-115.






LEG 1

1 April - 13 April 1981

The week of preparation for the first leg of this major expedition saw an 
astonishing amount of work carried out. Noteworthy problems were the last 
minute swabbing of the ship by H.G. Ostlund to check 14C and tritium 
contamination (later revealed to be minimal), the nightmare that came true 
when the HP-1000 computer was dropped and damaged by airfreight handlers 
during shipment (eventually repaired) and the horrible problem of winding the 
new reel of conducting cable onto the GEOSECS winch. The wire refused to go 
on, even after heroic efforts in the dark, rain and cold of the night of 
March 31. Sailing had been planned for 0900 April 1; however, this was 
delayed to 1100, and eventually to 1800 due to the recalcitrant and all-
important wire. At the fourth attempt success was achieved and the KNORR 
sailed at 1846, leaving a chilled group of friends and well wishers on the 
dock.

Due to the lateness of departure, the test of equipment originally planned 
for sailing + 5 hours, was delayed and people, tired out by long preparation 
turned in. The vessel was hove to at 0400 April 2 to test gear and the 
rosette package was put over the side at 0630 to test bottle trips. No 
station number was assigned to this stop, nor data archived, the purpose 
being to test readiness and to find problems in handling procedures, 
connectors, data transmission, etc. This location was left at 0841, the KNORR 
heading for TTO Station 1 (39°48.3'N, 70°05'W) and arriving at 1100. The 
first rosette was put over the side at 1200 and the station continued until 
1600 hours in approximately 1200m water depth. This location was chosen to 
represent cold water north of the Gulf Stream and a full suite of samples 
(excluding Gerard barrels) was taken. On leaving this station the new trawl 
wire was streamed en- route to Station 2 with the ship slow ahead, the wire 
being wound on the drum under tension without incident.

Station 2 was reached at 0021 April 3, the rosette being over the side at 
0108. The water depth of 3000m was selected so as to represent water at the 
upper extension of the western boundary undercurrent, a bottom potential 
temperature of 2.2°C being recorded. The station was completed by 0503, and 
the vessel departed for Station 3, reached at 0814. This was the first large 
volume station, chosen so as to sample the western boundary current, in about 
4000m water depth. A full double rosette cast, and two Gerard casts were 
made. The Gerard barrels worked flawlessly (in contrast to the 1980 test 
cruise), evidence that the very extensive overhaul and testing prior to the 
cruise had paid off. The station work was finished by 0120 April 4.

Station 4 was reached at 0630 April 4; scheduled to be a CTD station only 
with minimal chemistry, the station was designed to serve for defining the 
outer edge of the undercurrent. A single rosette lowering to 4620m was made 
in deteriorating weather. Malfunctions in the rosette trip box occurred, so 
that bottle trips could not be confirmed. The station was delayed, with the 
package near the bottom, while efforts were made to remedy the problem. The 
package was raised with several bottles found to be untripped at the surface. 
The problem was solved en route to Station 5, this event proving to be the 
only malfunction of the entire leg.

Station 5, south of the Gulf Stream, was a reoccupation of GEOSECS 121. 
Reached at 2000 April 4, a double rosette cast was accomplished in sea state 
4-5 presenting some of the most difficult handling problems of the entire 
leg, the station being over at 0337 April 5. Comparisons of TTO and GEOSECS 
data here should be particularly useful.

The next station (6) was reached at 1103 April 5. This represented the end of 
the first line of stations extending from the continental shelf to near 
Bermuda and was located on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Here a full large 
volume station was worked with extra Gerard cast for Ar39. An eddy here 
caused the ship to be set strongly while on station during the rosette cast, 
and it was necessary to steam for 48 minutes to regain position while turning 
around the rosettes and rigging the trawl wire for Gerard caste. The station 
was finished by 0942 April 6. A CTD station that had tentatively been planned 
closer to Bermuda was eliminated, and course was set to the south for Station 
7 which was to form the outer end of a second line of stations to be worked 
towards Cape Canaveral. The vessel headed into SSW winds and made labored 
progress, the transit time of 19 hours being a welcome respite from the 
hectic press of stations.

Station 7 was reached at 0500 April 7, a double rosette cast carried out and 
a Gerard cast followed. This was delayed a little due to problems with trawl 
winch meter wheel assembly. Chief Engineer Emilio Soto found a broken tooth 
on a gear wheel, and quickly fabricated a new gear, installed it, and the 
station continued. A later cast was marred when a pinger, clamped on the 
wire, became jammed in the railroad platform notch and a struggle to put 
things to rights took time. The vessel was underway at 2255 hours - a long 
hard day.

Station 8 in the Abyssal Plain was reached at 1256 April 8, however, minor 
problems with cabling and harness caused delays, and the first successful 
cast was not initiated until 1640, the station being completed by 2044 hours. 
Station 9, from 0507 - 0956 April 9, consisting of a rosette cast and a 
surface radon cast, was carried out without incident.

Station 10 was reached at 1135 April 9. This was a CTD lowering with extra 
samples for nutrients and tritium, designed to be on the outer edge of the 
western boundary undercurrent as it flows along the spur of the Blake-Bahama 
Outer Ridge. The station was completed by 1700 hours and Station 11 was 
reached at 1915 April 9. This large volume station was designed to be in the 
core of the undercurrent and was a reoccupation of the station previously 
occupied by Rhines in August 1977. Tritium values for the undercurrent at 
this point have been reported by Jenkins and Rhines (1980). The station began 
with a deep Gerard cast, followed by rosettes and further large volume 
sampling. Depth and position were monitored carefully throughout the station, 
which was finished by 0945 April 10.

A crossing of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge followed by Station 12 (1830 -2244 
April 10) continued this line of stations, with shallow water on the Blake 
Plateau for Station 13 being reached at 0515 April 11.

Station 14, the last station of TTO Leg 1, was in the core of the Florida 
Current off Cape Canaveral. The aim was to sample source properties for Gulf 
Stream waters in the jet that emerges through the Florida Straits. Station 14 
was accordingly made in quasi-Lagrangian fashion at 2030 April 11, with a set 
to the north of 1 mile each 15 minutes being recorded. The CTD trace revealed 
very strong temperature gradients to a bottom temperature of 9°C at 500m. A 
single rosette cast and two gradients samples were taken and the station 
ended at 2314 hours.

From Station 14 course was set to Cape Canaveral to let off marine technician 
D. Muus to attend to sudden illness in his family. This melancholy occasion 
was brightened by the fortunate occurrence of the delayed launch of the space 
shuttle "Columbia", which was scheduled for lift off at 0700 April 12. The 
Canaveral harbor buoy was reached at 0500; all on board witnessed a 
magnificent spectacle as the rocket lifted off some 5 miles distance from the 
KNORR. A splendid end to a fine cruise.

D. Muus was taken off in a Coast Guard launch at 0800 and course was set for 
Freeport, arriving at 0800 April 13.

This first leg of TTO was a remarkable success. The ship and laboratory 
functions were carried out in first class manner with only minor delays and 
troubles occurring. The officers and crew of the KNORR, and all participants 
in the scientific party deserve to be congratulated.


                                                    Peter G. Brewer






LEG 2

16 April - 10 May 1981

Leg 2, the southernmost leg of the North Atlantic Study, covered a region 
where previous observations of tritium had indicated that the main 
thermocline is slower to be ventilated than anywhere else north of l5°N. 
Immediately below this the Antarctic intermediate water had, as of 1972, kept 
the water column essentially free of tritium up to about 30°N. One objective 
of this study was to document the changes in the transient tracers 
distribution in this region of the main thermocline. Previous studies had 
also shown entry of tritium below the Antarctic intermediate water giving 
rise to a maximum centered at 1250m in a portion of the region covered by 
this study. The other primary objectives were thus to document the changes in 
this part of the water column as well as at. the bottom, in the North 
Atlantic deep waters, where there were a variety of reasons to expect that 
tritium would now be present.

The KNORR left Freeport at 1600 on the 16th of April, one day earlier than 
planned, with the unanimous consent of the 23 scientists as well as the crew 
members, all of whom agreed that they would rather have an extra day in the 
rather more pleasant port of St. Georges, Bermuda.

The entire leg was marked by the smooth and untroubled operation of all 
equipment and personnel and the full cooperation of the weather. Only two 
Gerard barrels failed to trip out of several hundred samples collected, and 
there were some problems with one of the CTDs which resulted in the loss of a 
few hours. The weather was ideal the entire time and even provided for some 
diversion in the form of tropical storm "Arlene" which appeared to be heading 
on a collision course with us for a time as we occupied the last station 
before Bermuda.

Our first station, TTO 15, was at the western boundary near the Bahamas. We 
then proceeded southeast to Stations 16 to 20 starting at the Bahama 
Escarpment and going into the Hatteras Abyssal Plain along a section where 
Dr. F. Schott, of the University of Miami, had a set of current meter 
moorings at the time.

Our next set of stations took us to the east along 26°N (TTO 20 to 22) and 
then back to the western boundary at the Puerto Rico outer ridge (TTO 26), 
after crossing the Mares Abyssal Plain. At this point we decided that we had 
enough extra time to go across the Puerto Rico Trench to the inner wall, 
rather than proceeding directly to GEOSECS 36 as originally planned. After 
doing TTO 28 on the inner wall, we continued on to GEOSECS Station 36, doing 
a series of stations, one of which, TTO 29, was at the southernmost extension 
of the Puerto Rico Trench.

TTO 32, the reoccupation of GEOSECS 36, was our longest large volume station 
because of the two 39Ar Gerard casts we did in addition to the two 14C Gerard 
casts. This was our southernmost station and was at the point where the 
Demerara Abyssal Plain opens out into the North American Basin. We then 
proceeded to the north, reoccupying GEOSECS Stations 34, 33 and 32 
successively, while doing TTO Stations 33 to 38. Our final set of three 
stations, TTO 39 to 41, was along a section between GEOSECS Station 32 and 
Bermuda.

We were able to occupy 27 stations during this leg, including all of the 15 
stations originally planned. Of the 12 additional stations, 3 were put on the 
TTO 16 to 20 section on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The 9 remaining stations 
were all 1500-2000m stations spaced more or less evenly between originally 
scheduled large and small volume stations from TTO 20 to 38. Our intention 
was to provide greater resolution in the main thermocline and down through 
the 1250m tritium maximum. 14C and 228Ra profiles were measured at 9 
stations, some of which were also sampled for 85Kr and 39Ar. 228Ra, 85Kr 
and/or 39Ar samples were collected at 4 additional stations for a total of 13 
large volume stations.

The KNORR arrived in Bermuda at 0900 on 10 May. We wish to thank both the 
scientific party and ship's crew for an excellent cruise. The efficient work 
of the marine technicians and ship's crew enabled us to do far more station 
work than we had thought possible. This put an added burden on the analysts 
which they undertook with their usual professional competence and good will. 
We feel that the results published herein and the additional results that 
will come out, as the longer term measurements are completed, will more than 
justify their efforts.

                                                    Jorge L. Sarmiento

                                                    Robert T. Williams






LEG 3

16 May - 14 June 1981

The big surprise of Leg 3 was the discovery of isolated compact blobs of 
relatively undiluted Mediterranean water, not just the smooth continuous 
distribution usually described. These blobs, discussed in more detail below, 
were extensively surveyed in addition to fulfilling all the initial goals of 
this leg. A transect across the North Atlantic was completed from Bermuda to 
the Azores at 33°N (Stations 42-47). Radon stations (46 and 47) were made 
(with R. Key) at the Atlantis Seamount to test the importance of bottom 
topography on deep ocean and thermocline mixing. The distribution of tracers 
was mapped in combination with detail synoptic hydrographic measurements in 
the Canary Basin (Stations 48-109). This leg included reoccupation of GEOSECS 
Station 30 (TTO Station 43) and METEOR Stations 515 (TTO Station 71) and 516 
(TTO Station 68).

This was an extremely successful leg both technically and scientifically. Our 
success is due primarily to the enthusiasm and real professional skill of the 
Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility (PACODF). These people are 
the real heroes of TTO!

The first salt blob was encountered at Station 53. Profiles taken near the 
center (Station 60) of this blob are displayed in Figure 1. Note the large 
anomalously high (0.8 ‰) salinity between 800db and 1400db. Note also a 
sizeable signal in all other variables including a relatively strong density 
step at the bottom of the anomaly. A section made from the first transect 
(Stations 51-57) through the blob is shown in Figure 2; it clearly shows the 
magnitude of the anomalous region.

Three of these salt blobs (aka broken toilets) were found and surveyed on 
this leg. Their positions are shown in Figure 3. Displayed is the maximum 
salinity found at the Mediterranean Water salinity maximum (1100 db) for each 
station in the region (30-34°N, 21-28°W) where the blobs were found. The 
first blob encountered was to the southwest (Stations 53-65), the second to 
the southeast (Stations 87-95) end the third to the north (Stations 89-105). 
The maximum salinity found in the blobs was 36.30 ‰ indicating relatively 
pure Mediterranean water.

The shapes of the blobs are contoured in Figure 4 with the thickness taken as 
that of the salinity anomaly > 35.7 ‰ in the Mediterranean Water salinity 
maximum. The three blobs have diameters 70-80km and maximum thickness >800m.

It is now clear that the details of the dispersion of oceanic tracers cannot 
be treated with simple advective diffusive models alone. There also exist 
stable compact structures of which these Mediterranean Water salt blobs are 
the strongest examples found so far. We anxiously await the analysis of the 
tracers sampled within the blobs to provide time scales necessary to access 
their role in the general circulation and distribution of oceanic property 
fields.

Excellent weather prevailed during this entire leg. Thanks to Captain Hiller 
and the ship's crew for a smooth voyage and again to PACODF for their 
efficient and enthusiastic work. We all arrived in Ponta Delgada 0900 on 14 
June a bit tired but very satisfied.

                                                    Laurence Armi


Figure 1:  Vertical profiles of potential temperature (θ), salinity (S), 
           oxygen (O2), and density (σθ,O2) at apparent center of first 
           blob.
Figure 2:  Section through first salinity blob along initial transect.
Figure 3:  Maximum salinity found for Mediterranean Water (~110 db). 
           Contoured at 0.1 ‰.
Figure 4:  Thickness of regions with anomalously high salinity (> 35.7 ‰) in 
           Mediterranean Water






LEG 4

19 June - 14 July 1981

The Rockall Channel exhibited conditions suggestive of substantial diapycnic 
mixing with long straight sections in the T-S diagram. In spite of this, 
pronounced influence of the southern component bottom water seemed evident in 
a combination of high silica and AOU with low bottom temperature. The 
westernmost station (135) in the channel showed distinctly enhanced salinity 
relative to the others. This is in contrast to the situation shown in the 
Fuglister Atlas, and may suggest that the Norwegian Sea outflow 
characteristics are tending towards the recent "normal" again.

This leg, devoted to the water mass characteristics in the North East 
Atlantic Basin comprised essentially three zonal sections, at about 38, 50 
and 58 degrees north respectively. These sections were connected meridionally 
along the Iberian Peninsula to the shelf off England and along the Reykjanes 
Ridge, thus following the northward progress of the Mediterranean water, and 
the southward spreading of the overflow water originating at the Iceland-
Faeroe Ridge. The 50 degrees north section was distorted to follow the 
deepest connection between the two main sections of the Eastern Basin - The 
Maury Channel.

The KNORR departed Ponta Delgada in the Azores in fair weather in the earl 
afternoon of June 19, 1981. Stations 110 to 113 were all conducted in light 
conditions, allowing new personnel to settle comfortably into the work 
routine, and tempted the co-chief scientists to begin to plan optional work 
to absorb the rapidly accumulating contingency time. The closest approach to 
the Iberian Peninsula was limited to 65 nautical miles in accordance with 
permits from the government of Portugal. A water depth of circa 2800m was 
reached, allowing a reasonably well developed Mediterranean core at a 
salinity of up to 36.46 ppt to be reasonably observed.

During this first section of the cruise leg, the track and station plans were 
reconsidered in view of better station time estimates, and of recent 
discussions between the chief scientists and German oceanographers active in 
this region. It appeared that, timewise, a more squared track pattern with 
better emphasis on zonal sections than initially expected would be feasible. 
It was felt desirable to incorporate an intercalibration station off the Bay 
of Biscay for the purpose of interrelating a section run by the RV METEOR up 
the Central Eastern Basin with our pattern. It was also decided, time 
permitting, to extend our middle zonal section through the Gibbs Fracture 
Zone. This would more closely connect Legs 4 and 6 of TTO by providing repeat 
station opportunity, or alternatively give somewhat more time for Labrador 
Sea mapping on the latter.

As it turned out, fair weather conditions prevailed during much of the leg. 
While concern for cruising speed dictated caution in commitment to program 
expansion, our decision to emphasize a close section in the overflow 
influenced region in the northernmost part of our area of coverage was 
originally, at least in part, dictated by needs to maintain flexibility in 
optional station time as late in the leg as possible. It. was shown to be 
fortuitous, however, as the underway data picture unfolded.

While the core data set on tracers is inaccessible underway, some features of 
the classic hydrographic data form clues to what to look for, and perhaps to 
emphasize, in the tracer work. There are four water mass components of 
central interest to our endeavors: the Southern Abyssal Component, the 
Iceland Faeroe Overflow, the Mediterranean Water, and the Labrador Sea Water. 
T-S distribution as well as the pattern of apparent oxygen utilization, AOU, 
in the bottom waters clearly indicate that not only is northern component 
influence negligible in the bottom waters south of 50 degrees latitude, but 
also that some northward flow occurs in the Maury Channel. Most strikingly, 
however, we found that the entire Northern Basin part, including the Gibbs 
Fracture Zone and the flank of the Reykjanes Ridge, seems to have undergone a 
significant freshening since the IGY data sets were acquired. While present 
in the entire column, the observed salinity anomalies appear to be maximal at 
3.5°C, suggesting a connection with the fresh water anomaly in the Greenland 
and Labrador Seas which has been shown to characterize much of the nineteen 
sixties.

                                                    Wallace S. Broecker

                                                    Claes G.H. Rooth






LEG 5

21 July - 14 August 1981

Our sampling during Leg 5 was focused upon characterizing two of the three 
principal northern sources of dense water to the North Atlantic Ocean (the 
third, Labrador Sea Water, will be studied during Leg 6). Our stations 
included the major basins north of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge as well as 
recently overflowed waters south of ridge. One observation of potentially 
major importance was that key portions of the water column in most regions 
surveyed were less saline than during GEOSECS or other past cruises. Because 
salinity variations in these cold waters may give rise to strong density 
variations, the long term effect of these salinity shifts upon the density 
field could be vast. We are also now faced with the necessity of considering 
the variations in the temperature, salinity, and density fields as elements 
of the transient tracer distribution. Another indication of unusual 
conditions was the extremely heavy ice conditions encountered, forcing 
cancellation of all of our planned work in or near the East Greenland Current 
north of Denmark Strait.

The KNORR departed Greenock, Scotland, at 1400 hours 21 July 1981 in cloudy, 
drizzly conditions soon joined by a rising wind. Swell and headwinds to force 
6 slowed the ship, but by the time we arrived at our first station (141), the 
weather was rapidly improving.

Our first station (large volume) was sited to observe contributions of dense 
water to the northern Rockall Trough from either the Wyvill-Thomson Ridge or 
the channel between Faeroe Bank and Bill Bailey's Bank. We observed bottom 
water generally similar to that found on the western side of Rockall Trough 
during Leg 4.

Our second station (142, also large volume) was occupied in the Faeroe Bank 
Channel near or slightly upstream of the sill leading out to the North 
Atlantic. Our preliminary impression was that hydrographic conditions at this 
station matched those observed during earlier stations at this location. The 
Faeroe Bank Channel station followed a brief bathymetric survey to establish 
station position. The bathymetric surveys (average duration each 1 1/2 hours) 
became a near-standard element of our stations in those regions where we 
wished to sample above specific bathymetric features such as deep channels, 
rift valleys, and fracture zones.

We next began a series of eight sections (4 large-volume Stations 143 through 
150) during which we studied the principal deep basins of the Norwegian and 
Greenland Seas and one rift valley/fracture zone region in the zone of 
transition between Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea hydrographic properties. 
Norwegian Sea Deep Water appeared to be slightly colder and show higher 
dissolved oxygen and lower dissolved silica levels than during GEOSECS. In 
the Greenland Sea, only a faint trace of a deep salinity maximum was 
observed, in contrast to the prominence of this layer in the historical data 
base. A pair of stations (146-147) in the transition region showed 
interleaving of water masses at virtually all levels, including the deep 
water.

On our approach to our intended position for station 149, we first ran into 
sea ice, forcing a minor adjustment to our plans for that station. Because we 
could not proceed west to our intended section across the East Greenland 
Current, we headed north and east along the ice edge. During a trio of 
stations near the northern perimeter of the Greenland Sea (Stations 151-153), 
we observed outflow of Greenland Sea Deep Water toward the Arctic Ocean along 
a valley in the Molloy Fracture Zone. Profile variations in two CTD/rosette 
casts, at. different locations along the axis of this valley, established the 
direction of flow. This is a rare and important observation because Norwegian 
Sea Deep Water, not Greenland Sea Deep Water, is generally held to be the 
source of the deep and bottom water of the Arctic Ocean.

We next ran an east west section of four stations across the West Spitsbergen 
Current from the shelf edge to a deep valley near the Mid-ocean ridge 
(Stations 154-157). The last two stations (especially the deep valley) showed 
bottom water which was slightly warmer and much more saline than the deep 
water. One possibility was that this unusual bottom water is the product of 
cooling of Atlantic Water in the Barents Sea, followed by outflow, for 
example, at. the bottom of the Bear Island Channel. No Greenland Sea Deep 
Water was observed in the valley.

We next steamed south to the Iceland Plateau, stopping at the Jan Mayen 
Fracture Zone for a CTD/rosette cast (Station 158). This cast showed 
Norwegian Sea Deep Water at the bottom, although with marginally higher 
oxygen than in the Lofoten or Norwegian Basins. It is possible that this is 
younger Norwegian Sea type deep water entering the Norwegian Sea from the 
periphery of the Greenland Sea.

Our large volume station on the Iceland Plateau (Station 159) again showed no 
evidence of a deep salinity maximum.

Due to reports of extremely unfavorable ice conditions on Denmark Strait, we 
made our passage around Iceland along the east coast. Despite a gale, we had 
managed to accumulate sufficient contingency time to run a short section of 
three CTD/rosette stations (Stations 160-162) in the northeastern Atlantic to 
help determine if 35.0 ‰ deep water was in fact proceeding (as usual) along 
the east flank of the Mid-ocean ridge. In accord with Leg 4 findings further 
south, we found no 35.0 ‰ deep water.

We ended the cruise with an east west section across the Irminger Sea, south 
of Denmark Strait (Stations 163-170, plus 171 as a large-volume reoccupation 
of Station 166). We found abundant low temperature, low salinity, high 
density Denmark Strait Overflow Water. There were no obvious signs of 
Norwegian Sea Deep Water overflow. We also sampled the East Greenland Current 
south of Denmark Strait (Station 170).

We arrived in Reykjavik on schedule at 1000 hours, 16 August 1981. Other than 
adjustments due to unfavorable ice conditions, our problems during Leg 5 were 
few. The refrigeration system for the alkalinity-nutrient van air 
conditioning broke down, midway through the cruise, forcing us to operate the 
van with the door open, effectively destroying the temperature control 
necessary for the best nutrient and alkalinity analyses. On the positive 
side, the outstanding performance of the scientific staff and the ship's crew 
and officers enabled us to easily meet the demands of our evolving program.

The underway gas seawater equilibrator system was operated throughout Leg 5 
except for periods when the bow-pump intake came out of water due to high 
swells (total of 30 hours). The surface water pCO2 value decreased northward 
from about 310 µatm in the North Atlantic, 58 N, to about 170 µatm at the 
northernmost station, 78°N, as the surface water temperature decreased from 
13°C to 0.5°C. The observed change in pCO2 can be mostly attributed to the 
change in temperature. The atmospheric sampling and analysis system was 
operated virtually all the time. The atmospheric CO2 concentration decreased 
from 335ppm on July 21 (58°N) to 331ppm on August 6 (63°N) with a day-to-day 
variability of about 2 to 3ppm. This observed trend with time appears to be 
consistent with the seasonal trend observed elsewhere in the northern high 
latitudes. However, the lowest atmospheric CO2 concentration of 326ppm 
observed on August 3 (76°N) may be attributable to the low pCO2 (180 220 
µatm) of the surrounding surface water.

                                                    Taro Takahashi

                                                    James H. Swift






LEG 6

21 August - 17 September 1981

On Leg 6 we occupied 48 stations in waters ranging from less than 200m depth 
to in excess of 4500m. We reoccupied TTO Station 127 (our Station 172) and 
GEOSECS Station 3 (our Station 214). Six of the stations were full large 
volume stations, consisting of 2 Gerard casts plus a rosette cast, and eight 
of the stations were what we called "Medium Volume" stations, consisting of 
one Gerard cast and one rosette.

The leg was segmented into the five sections. The first consisted of 13 
stations and cut across the Northwest Irminger Sea in a roughly northwest 
direction between the Bight Fracture Zone on the Reykjanes Ridge and the 
coast of Greenland. We hoped to look for evidence in the tracers of "leakage" 
of Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) through the Fracture Zone into the 
western basin. The section clearly delineated the Denmark Straits Overflow 
Water (DSOW) plastered against the deep part of the Greenland Continental 
slope. Potential temperatures below 1.1°C and salinities below 34.88 ‰ were 
seen in this water mass and silica was near 9.0 micromoles/kg.

By far the most striking feature of the section was the very much lower than 
expected salinities in the upper 1500m of the water column. With the 
exception of the two extreme ends of the section, the upper 1000m was below 
34.9 ‰. There are two apparently correlated features to this overall 
freshness: the anomalous ice conditions encountered in the Denmark Straits 
during Leg 5 and the observed superabundance of a lower salinity, lower 
temperature mode of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) seen to some extent in this 
section and in the rest of this Leg. The underlying cause is clearly a 
climatological difference between conditions in the early 1960's and today.

The section was extended into shallow (200m) water to ensure sampling of the 
East Greenland Current for tritium, 14C and CO2. Between this section and the 
second one we had the opportunity of steaming through the southern tip of 
Greenland via Prins Christians Sund. By going through the fjord rather than 
around Cape Farewell we not only saved time and fuel, we enjoyed some 
spectacular scenery.

Debauching into the Labrador Sea, we commenced the second section by 
occupying a shallow station in the West Greenland Current. The Labrador Sea 
section consisted of 15 stations and extended southwestward across to the 
Labrador Current. The freshness observed in the last section was observed 
here throughout the whole water column, with the column being as much as 0.02 
‰ fresher than 1962 (WW, 1970) and 1967 (Grant, 1968). The ISOW salinity 
maximum barely reached 34.93 ‰ here while the earlier data approached 34.95 
‰, and the DSOW was fully .02 ‰ fresher. The Labrador Sea Water mass was 
especially abundant, being as fresh as 34.83 ‰ and as cold as 3.15°C, i.e. 
about .05 ‰ fresher and .25°C colder than "textbook" LSW. Also importantly, 
the potential density anomaly of this water mass is 27.75 ‰ as opposed to the 
27.78 ‰ characterized by Lazier (1973). This kind of climatic modulation 
associated with the overall shallow salinity budget of the Labrador Sea has 
been discussed by Lazier (1980) and has profound consequences for the CO2 - 
TTO problem. How the reversion of LSW to the lighter mode affects its 
viability as an intermediate water mass in the temperate regions is unclear 
at this time, but the hydrographic and tracer data we are gathering this leg 
coupled with Legs 4 and 7 will prove a powerful tool for learning about this 
important mechanism.

The section from the center of the Labrador Sea (Stations 193 and 201 through 
207) allowed us to track the southeastward flow of the LSW. The transition 
from the super-cold/fresh LSW to more "text-book" LSW occurred around 
Stations 203-204. The easternmost extension of the section came close to 
reoccupying Station 124 but was chosen for a deeper part of the northern 
channel of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. The ISOW reached a salinity 
maximum of 34.97 ‰.

The fourth and fifth sections extended across the front of the North Atlantic 
Current (NAG) which separates the cyclonic circulation of the north from the 
great anticyclonic warm-water systems to the south. Here the upper-level 
boundary current leaves the coast as a semi permanent "ox-bow" meander. 
Though suffering a continual change in water properties through frontal 
mixing, this water contributes a warm salty signal to the eastern side of the 
Irminger Sea, which is visible all the way around to the Labrador Sea. The 
tracer evolution in this area should help to tag this meridional circulation 
and to distinguish it from recirculation about the upper-level gyres. This 
transgression, like the analogous events farther south at the Grand Banks, 
represents a controversial aspect of the general circulation.

Labrador Sea and Denmark Strait waters extend southward beneath the upper-
level front. Dynamically there can be strong interaction between these 
levels, which may account for the massive eastward extension of LSW along 50 
N, split off from its southward flow along the western boundary.

Section 4 ran from the western end of the Gibbs Fracture Zone (GFZ) south 
along 37°40'W, to the latitude (47°40'N) of St. Johns, Newfoundland. It 
allowed a relatively clean perpendicular crossing of the MAC. The station 
pattern was augmented through use of XBTs, satellite SST maps and ship's set 
information to locate the current and fronts. The broad hydrographic patterns 
here (and in the other four sections) agree well with the classic atlas 
treatments, particularly those of Worthington and Wright, Dietrich, Grant and 
Ivers; the disposition of the "ox-bow" was quite like that of the summer of 
1958 (Dietrich atlas). Resolution of the interleaving water masses by the CTD 
adds much to these patterns, however. This interleaving is a necessary step 
in the poleward transformation of tracer properties.

Section 5 ran southwest from the GFZ to St. Johns. It is a familiar path (see 
plate 45 Worthington-Wright) cutting across the tip of the permanent meander 
of the MAC, with the Labrador Sea Water (LSW) bifurcating just below into its 
southward and eastward extensions. It coincides with 1975 (KNORR 54) tritium-
helium section of Jenkins and Clarke.

At the tip of the meander GEOSECS Station 3 was reoccupied. While this 
frontal region would be too variable for climate inference from single 
stations, we can see from the envelope of Stations 204-218 (see track map) 
that the deep O-S properties in this area now seem significantly changed. The 
LSW is greatly freshened, as is the DSOW. The 2.8 salinity maximum occurs 
throughout the region and is more intense. Similar conclusions follow from 
comparison against the IGY 1958 8-S properties of the region. It seems that 
the northern North Atlantic is able to respond rapidly to climatic changes on 
the 10-yr. time scale even far from regions of surface formation. Taking 
either advective- or Kelvin/Rossby-wave models for the adjustment of the 
circulation, this rapid response is quite plausible in these relatively 
compact seas. For example, newly formed LSW, say at the 27.75 sigma theta 
level, could appear at section 5 750km away in less than a year, due to 
boundary intensified wave- and advective effects.

The amount of work carried out on this leg by the PACODF group was enormous. 
During the 27 days at sea they performed 48 stations consisting of 98 casts. 
For example, a total of 1077 samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, 
phosphate and silicate, over 1900 salinities, 1500 oxygens, plus a large 
number of samples for shorebased analyses. The data obtained were superb. We 
were more than impressed with the competence, cooperation and extremely high 
degree of professionalism of the PACODF group. They worked long hard hours 
cheerfully and were exceptional ship-mates. Arnold Mantyla worked long and 
hard on the data and helped with salinity analyses. We were pleased to have 
worked with such a fine group.

                                                    William B. Jenkins

                                                    Peter Rhines






LEG 7

23 September - 19 October 1981

This last leg of the TTO cruise was planned so as to reoccupy a number of 
GEOSECS stations down the western basin of the North Atlantic. The test 
cruise of October 1980 had also covered some of this area so familiar 
territory was to be encountered. After only minor confusion surrounding the 
arrival of parts and supplies for the two freon programs (Gammon and Hammer), 
and for the new CO2 measurement system (Weiss), the KNORR left the snug 
harbor of St. Johns at 1036 local time and sailed through the Narrows, under 
the ancient guns of Fort Amherst and Signal Hill, on a bright clear morning.

The first station (220) was occupied at 2230/23 September on the Grand Banks 
and in the Labrador Current. Here a massive temperature gradient was found, 
the summer water overriding the frigid Arctic water below. Clocks were 
retarded 1/2 hour to Z+3 so as to avoid the peculiarities of keeping 
Newfoundland time, and Station 221 on top of Flemish Cap was begun at 2115/24 
September in good weather. From there, stations were worked down the slope 
(221-226) and across the western boundary undercurrent towards the line of 
GEOSECS stations and the work carried out on Leg 6. September 25 was a 
particularly busy day with stations at 0445 (222) 0825 (223) and 1313 (224) 
where 1.9°C water was encountered and the deep work begun.

The weather deteriorated and rough days lay ahead for Station 225 on the 26th 
and Station 226. Here winds of Force 7 and high seas caused problems. 
Underway to Station 228 heavy seas sweeping the fantail damaged Gerard barrel 
racks and smashed a 228Ra tank frame. The winds increased to Force 8 from 
WNW, however, work continued and on Station 228 on 29 September the wind 
dropped and the station was finished in calm seas and still air. This calm 
was illusory, for tropical storm Irene had been charted as advancing exactly 
along our projected cruise track for some days, and would be on us with 100 
knot winds in less than 12 hours. Thus on completion of Station 228 course 
was set due west and on the morning of 30 September the KNORR was 120 miles 
from the planned track. A vicious squall with confused seas and 50 knot winds 
gave but a hint of the fury that lay to our east. Course was set to the south 
below the storm and 1 October brought sunshine, calming seas, the first 
strands of sargassum weed, and two dolphin fish gleefully caught.

From there a few days of idyllic weather followed, with perfect rosette casts 
and Gerards that tripped every time as we approached the most southerly part 
of our cruise at Station 235 on 7 October. Turning north, course was set for 
Sable Island to provide a final section across the western North Atlantic 
Basin. At Station 236 on 8 October a medical emergency in the crew raised the 
possibility of an enforced port call in Bermuda. Thus Station 237 was re-
scheduled about 100 miles to the west of its original position in order to 
prepare for this eventuality. Fortunately, radioed diagnoses and prompt 
medication solved the problem while station work was carried out on the 
Wyoming Seamount and course could be set for the original line. Station 240 
apparently was set in the center of a cold core Gulf Stream ring. Here the 18
° water was absent, the water chemistry was distinctly of northern origin and 
on leaving the station the KNORR was at once set at 1.75 knots in the 
direction of 217.

The broad band of the Gulf Stream was reached between Stations 242 and 243 
and a detailed line of stations through the western boundary undercurrent was 
begun moving slowly up the slope towards Sable Island. The last station (250) 
at 43°36'N, 59°32'W in 150m of water was completed at 2302 on 16 October 
after a day of dense fog and blaring fog horns. The station work was finished 
none too soon, for the barometer had dropped all day, and a tired scientific 
party dozed through a night of 40 knot winds and lurching seas. Fair weather 
followed on 18 October, and the KNORR came home on the morning of 19 October 
after a job well done.

                                                    Peter G. Brewer






CONCLUDING COMMENTS

With this last leg of TTO North Atlantic Study it is appropriate to include 
some overall evaluation of the program. In the 200 days 17 hours 14 minutes 
of the voyage the KNORR steamed 23,745 miles. There were 66 days 4 hours and 
26 minutes of station time for 250 stations, or 6 hours 21 minutes average 
time per station.

On these stations were taken approximately 9000 individual water samples, 
virtually all of which were analyzed for salinity, oxygen and nutrients. For 
shorebased samples there were collected 3715 tritium samples (Ostlund), 3485 
helium-tritium samples (Jenkins), 1184 14C samples (Ostlund), 1300 228Ra 
samples (Sarmiento-Key), 375 85Kr samples (Broecker-Smethie), and 25 39Ar 
samples (Broecker-Smethie-Looslie) each of which consumed 6 whole Gerard 
barrels. At sea 900 222Rn samples were measured. For carbon dioxide 
measurements approximately 7000 alkalinity titrations were carried out, and 
approximately 5000 discrete samples were measured for pCO2 (Takahashi); in 
addition to these measurements continuous underway pCO2 pCH4, and pH2O were 
measured (Weiss) and shorebased samples for CO2 analyses y Keeling (23), and 
Brewer and Bradshaw (222) were taken.

However, the voyage cannot be measured in these dry statistics alone. That 
during these 200 days not a single piece of equipment was lost, nor person 
injured, nor deadline missed, is extraordinary. It is a testimony first to 
the high degree of professional competence of the PACODF group, and indeed 
all of the 126 investigators from diverse institutions, but also to the 
rapport established with the ship's company and to careful planning. The 
whole was quite simply a first class operation.

                                                    Peter B. Brewer 
                                                    Spokesman
                                                    North Atlantic Study, TTO




SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE
  
Laurence Armi            Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Alvin L. Bradshaw        Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Peter G. Brewer* (1)     Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Wallace S. Broecker      Lament-Doherty Geological Observatory
Kirk Bryan               Princeton University
Paul N. Hammer           Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
William S. Jenkins       Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Charles D. Keeling       Scripps Institution of Oceanography
J. Hans Oeschger         University of Bern
H. Gote Ostlund*         University of Miami
Tsung-Hung Peng          Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Joseph L. Reid           Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Claes G. H. Rooth        University of Miami
Jorge L. Sarmiento       Princeton University
William M. Smethie,      Jr.  Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Tare Takahashi*          Lament-Doherty Geological Observatory
Ray F. Weiss             Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Robert T. Williams* (2)  Scripps Institution of Oceanography

                 *TTO-NAS Executive Committee
                 (1) Spokesman
                 (2) Ex Officio





SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS

Participating             Principal          Scientific         Total Samples
Institutions              Investigators      Programs               Collected
------------------------  -----------------  -----------------  -------------
Lamont-Doherty            W.S. Broecker,     222Rn                       1326
Geological Observatory    T.-H. Peng and     85Kr and modeling            380
of Columbia Univ.         W.M. Smethie, Jr.
                          T. Takahashi       pCO2 and carbonate          3371
                                               chemistry  

Princeton University      J.L. Sarmiento,    Modeling of tracers 
                          K. Bryan   
                          J.L. Sarmiento, &  228Ra                       1151
                          R.N. Key           226Ra                       1072

Scripps Institution       R.F. Weiss         pCO2, pN2O
of Oceanography  
                          C.D. Keeling       Total CO2                    497
                          L. D. Armi         Ocean mixing and 
                                               circulation  

Physical & Chemical       R. T. William      CTD
Oceanographic Data                           Salinity                    8670
Facility                                     Oxygen                      6575
                                             Nutrients                   6117
                                             Alkalinity and              3839
                                             Total CO2
                                             Large volume sampling       1183
                                               and 14C extractions  

University of Bern        J.H. Oeschger      39Ar                          57

University of Miami       H.G. Ostlund       3H                          3704
                                             14C                         1183

University of South       W.S. Moore         228Ra                       1151
Carolina  

University of Washington  R.H. Gammon        Ocean freon tracers          297

Woods Hole Oceanographic  W.J. Jenkins       3H                          3704
Institution                                  3He                         3433
                                             Ocean freon tracers  
                          P.G. Brewer,       Carbonate chemistry          207
                          A.L. Bradshaw  
                          H. Livingston      137Cs                        145
                                             90Sr                          87
                          D. Mann            Be                            90
                                             Se                           103





LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

LEG 1

Ship's Captain        Emerson Hiller

Scientists-in-Charge  Peter G. Brewer, Chief Scientist
                      Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

                      William M. Smethie, Jr.
                      Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory



Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Owen W. Anderson
                      David W. Chipman
                      Robert Trier


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Frederick A. Van Woy


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      David L. Bos
                      Gary D. Cooper
                      Frank N. Delahoyde
                      Treve L. Johnson
                      Norma L. Mantyla
                      Douglas N. Hasten
                      David A. Muus
                      W. Martin Parka
                      Ronald G. Patrick
                      Walter A. Richter
                      Edward J. Slater
                      Karen Sowell.
                      Paul R. Sweet
                      Martha O. Stallard
                      Baron E. Thomas
                      Robert T. Williams






LEG 2

Ship's Captain        Emerson Hiller

Scientists-in-Charge  Jorge L. Sarmiento, Chief Scientist
                      Princeton University
                      
                      Robert T. Williams
                      Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility



Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Dee Berger
                      David W. Chipman
                      Guy G. Mathieu
                      Sally J. Mathieu
                      

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Frederick A. Van Woy


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      Marie C. Beaupre
                      David L. Bos
                      Walter R. Bryan
                      Gary D. Cooper
                      Frank M. Delahoyde
                      Timothy J. Field
                      Mary C. Johnson
                      Leonard T. Lopez
                      Norma L. Mantyla
                      Walter A. Richter 
                      Raymond A. Rove 
                      Kristin M. Sanborn 
                      Frank Sanchez 
                      Paul R. Sweet 
                      Baron E. Thomas 
                      James A. Wells






LEG 3


Ship's Captain        Emerson Hiller

Scientists-in-Charge  Laurence Armi, Chief Scientist
                      Scripps Institution of Oceanography



Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Owen W. Anderson
                      John Goddard


Princeton University
                      Robert M. Key
                      Tonilee Key


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Edward A. Hoopes
                      Sharon C. Yamasaki


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      Marie C. Beaupre
                      Walter R. Bryan
                      Jacob O. Colbert
                      Carol B. Conway
                      Frank M. Delahoyde
                      Timothy J. Field
                      Arthur W. Heater
                      Mary C. Johnson
                      Douglas M. Masten
                      Carl W. Mattson
                      Richard V. Mead
                      Raymond A. Rove
                      Kristin M. Sanborn
                      Frank Sanchez
                      Edward J. Slater
                      James A. Wells






LEG 4

Ship's Captain        Emerson Hiller

Scientists-in-Charge  Wallace S. Broecker, Chief Scientist
                      Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      
                      Claes G.H. Rooth
                      University of Miami



Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Guy G. Mathieu
                      Sally J. Mathieu
                      Tsung-Hung Peng
                      Richard H. Wanninkhof


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Edward J. Dlugokencky


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      David L. Bos
                      Jacob G. Colbert
                      Carol B. Conway
                      Gary D. Cooper
                      Arthur W. Hester
                      Leonard T. Lopez
                      Norma L. Mantyla
                      Douglas M. Masten
                      Carl W. Mattson
                      Richard V. Mead
                      David A. Muus
                      Ronald G. Patrick
                      Walter A. Richter
                      Edward J. Slater
                      Karen Sowell
                      Paul R. Sweet






LEG 5


Ship's Captain        Richard Bowen

Scientists-in-Charge  Taro Takahashi, Chief Scientist
                      Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory
                      
                      James H. Swift
                      Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      
                      William M. Smethie, Jr.
                      Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      
                      

Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Marilyn R. Buchholtz
                      Nathan Schechtman
                      Sherry L. Schiff


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Edward J. Dlugokencky


Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      David L. Bos
                      Walter R. Bryan
                      Frank M. Delahoyde
                      Timothy J. Field
                      Leonard T. Lopez
                      Miriam K. Oleinik
                      W. Martin Parks
                      Frank Sanchez
                      Karen Sowell
                      Martha O. Stallard
                      Paul R. Sweet
                      Baron E. Thomas
                      John L. Vitek
                      James A. Wells
                      Robert T. Williams
                      

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                      Hugh D. Livingston






LEG 6


Ship's Captain        Emerson Hifler

Scientists-in-Charge  William T. Jenkins, Chief Scientist
                      Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                      
                      Peter Rhines
                      Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution


Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Mike Amdurer
                      David W. Chipman
                      John Goddard
                      

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      Arnold W. Mantyla
                      Frederick A. Van Woy
                      
                      
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      Marie C. Beaupre
                      Jacob G. Colbert
                      James P. Costello
                      Timothy J. Field
                      Arthur A. Hester
                      Carl W. Mattson
                      Richard V. Mead
                      David A. Muus
                      Miriam K. Oleinik
                      Ronald G. Patrick
                      Kristin M. Sanborn
                      Martha O. Stallard
                      Baron E. Thomas
                      John L. Vitek
                      James A. Wells
                      

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                      Don Mann


University of Bern, Physics Institute
                      Heinz H. Loosli






LEG 7


Ship's Captain        Emerson Hiller

Scientists-in-Charge  Peter G. Brewer, Chief Scientist
                      Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                      William M. Smethie, Jr.
                      Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      


Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
                      Greg Kolibas
                      Nathan Schechtman
                      James White
                      
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
Richard H. Gammon

Princeton University
                      Robert M. Key

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
                      John L. Bullister
                      Edward A. Hoopes

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility
                      David L. Bos
                      Jacob G. Colbert
                      Carol B. Conway
                      Frank M. Delahoyde
                      Arthur A. Hester
                      Leonard T. Lopez
                      Carl W. Mattson
                      Richard V. Mead
                      Ronald G. Patrick
                      Raymond A. Rowe
                      Frank Sanchez
                      Edward J. Slater
                      Karen Sowell.
                      Paul R. Sweet
                      Robert T. Williams
                      
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
                      Paul N. Hammer






TRANSIENT TRACERS IN THE OCEAN

Itinerary Of The RV Knorr

       DEPART                       ARRIVE
       -------------------------    -------------------------
LEG 1  Woods Hole, Massachusetts    Freeport, Bahamas
       1 April 1981                 13 April 1981
LEG 2  Freeport, Bahamas            St. Georges, Bermuda
       16 April 1981                10 may 1981
LEG 3  Hamilton, Bermuda            Ponta Delgada, Azores
       16 May 1981                  14 June 1981
LEG 4  Ponta Delgada, Azores        Greenoch, Scotland
       19 June 1981                 14 July 1981
LEG 5  Greenoch, Scotland           Reykjavik, Iceland
       21 July 1981                 14 August 1981
LEG 6  Reykjavik, Iceland           St. Johns, Newfoundland
       21 August 1981               17 September 1981
LEG 7  St. Johns, Newfoundland      Woods Hole, Massachusetts
       23 September 1981            19 October1981




                      LEG  STATIONS
                      ---  --------
                       1     1-14
                       2    15-41
                       3    42-109
                       4   110-140
                       5   141-171
                       6   172-219
                       7   220-250





SURFACE RADON PROFILES AND HYDROGRAPHY


Data Presented

This report contains 222Rn and 226Ra data collected during the TTO North 
Atlantic Study. The radon analyses were carried out on board ship by LDGO 
personnel. The accompanying potential temperature, salinity, and density data 
were collected on the same samples analyzed for radon. The PACODF group at 
Scripps was responsible for collection of this data and the temperature, 
salinity, and density data presented here were taken from preliminary cruise 
reports. The mixed layer depth, which was determined from the density data, 
is also presented.


Sample Collection And Analysis

Samples were collected using 30-liter Niskin bottles hung on a hydrowire. 
Generally 8-12 samples were collected per profile with samples spaced so that 
3-5 samples were obtained from the surface mixed layer, 4-7 samples with a 3-
m spacing between samples were obtained from the top of the pycnocline, and 
1-2 samples were obtained 20-50 m below the base of the mixed layer. Each 
cast was preceded by either a CTD or XBT cast to determine the appropriate 
sample spacing.

Radon was extracted from the 19-1 water samples which were transferred from 
the 30-1 Niskin bottles to evacuated flint glass bottles. The extraction was 
done by recirculating helium through the sample at 1-2 liters/min. for 90 
minutes and removing the radon from the circulating helium with a charcoal 
trap cooled to -60°C. At the end of the extraction the trapped radon was 
quantitatively transferred to a gas scintillation cell and the cell was 
placed on a counter to measure the radioactivity. Details of the technique 
are described in Mathieu (1). The precision of the measurement was generally 
± 5%.

Temperature and salinity were measured on every radon sample. Temperature was 
measured using reversing thermometers and salinity measurements were made 
with an Autosal salinometer.


Determination Of The Mixed Layer Depth

The mixed layer depth was determined from the density data calculated from 
the temperature and salinity measurements made on the radon samples. The 
vertical profiles of density in the mixed layer and in the top of the 
pycnocline were linearly extrapolated until they intersected and the depth of 
this intersection was taken to be the depth of the mixed layer.


Determination Of The 226RA Concentration

For each 226Rn profile, generally three of the 222Rn samples were analyzed 
for 226Ra using the MnO2 impregnated acrylic fiber technique [(Moore et al., 
(2); Key et al., (3)]. After the 222Rn analysis at sea, the water was drained 
through a tube 1.9 cm ID x 15 cm long packed with MnO2 impregnated fiber at a 
flow rate of less than 0.5 liters/minute. The fibers were returned to the 
laboratory where the MnO2 and adsorbed 226Ra were leached from the fiber in 
hot 6N HCl. The leachate, containing the 226Ra was sea1ed in a glass stripper 
and allowed to equilibrate with 222Rn. The 222Rn was removed from solution by 
bubbling helium through the solution and then measured by the same techniques 
used to measure 222Rn at sea. Each sample was analyzed at least 3 times by 
allowing 222Rn to grow back into equilibrium after each analysis.

Beneath the radon deficit region, 222Rn and, 226Ra are in equilibrium. Thus, 
the 222Rn radioactivity equals the 226Ra radioactivity. At each station, the 
bottom sample was below the radon deficit and at most stations, several 
samples were below the radon deficit as indicated by a constant 
concentration. A typical profile is shown in Figure 1. The 226Ra 
radioactivity beneath the mixed layer was taken to be equal to the mean in 
situ 222Rn radioactivity in the region beneath the deficit where the 222Rn 
radioactivity was constant. For stations where the in situ 222Rn did not 
reach a constant value, the bottom point in the profile was taken to be equal 
to the 226Ra radioactivity.

The 226Ra radioactivity determined from in situ 222Rn measurements beneath 
the radon deficit and from fiber samples co1lected beneath the radon deficit 
should agree. However, the in situ 222Rn measurements are generally 10 to 15% 
higher than the fiber 226Ra measurements (Figure 2). This is not caused by a 
calibration problem because the same measurement equipment and standards were 
used in the lab and at sea. We do not know the cause of this, but the same 
phenomenon was observed in 222Rn and 226Ra measurements made on the Warm Core 
Rings project [Orr et al., (4)]. Two possible causes come to mind: 1) The 
fibers did not remove 226Ra from seawater at 100% efficiency. If this were 
the case, then differences in the water flow rate through the fiber column 
could result in different extraction efficiencies which would explain the 
scatter in Figure 2; 2) 226Ra in suspended particulate matter plays an 
important role in supporting 222Rn in the upper ocean, i.e., 222Rn is 
produced from dissolved 226Ra and 226Ra in suspended particulate matter. Our 
sampling technique would undersample suspended particulate matter because 
some of the suspended particulate matter would settle below the spigot on the 
30-1 Niskin bottle before the water sample was drawn. Although the fiber 
columns do collect suspended particulate matter since some of the particulate 
matter remains in the Niskin bottle, the 226Ra measured by the fiber method 
would not represent the total amount of 226Ra supporting water column 222Rn.  
The amount of suspended particulate matter and the amount of 226Ra contained 
in the suspended particulate matter would vary from station to station and 
could explain the scatter in Figure 2. There is very little data on 226Ra in 
suspended particulate matter. A few measurements on suspended particulate 
matter in the Sargasso Sea reveal a maximum 226Ra radioactivity of 0.2 
dpm/100 kg of seawater [Bishop et al., (5)]. A radioactivity of 1 to 1.5 
dpm/100 kg is required to explain the discrepancy that we observe between in 
situ 222Rn and fiber 226Ra measurements.

To use the fiber 226Ra measurements, we have applied a correction factor to 
the fiber data. This factor was determined by fitting a straight line, forced 
through the origin, through the data presented in Figure 2. All data except 5 
points where the fiber 226Ra was greater than the in situ 222Rn by 1 standard 
deviation, were used. The correction factor is the slope of the line, which 
is 1.114 ± 0.119 (Figure 2).

To determine the 226Ra profile for each station, the in situ 222Rn 
measurements were used for the region beneath the radon deficit and the fiber 
226Ra measurements (corrected by multiplying by 1.114 ± 0.119) were used for 
the mixed layer. If two fiber samples had been collected from the mix layer, 
they were averaged before applying the correction factor. 226Ra values 
between the mixed layer value and the value determined from in situ 222Rn 
were determined by linear interpolation. The errors reported were calculated 
by propagating the errors on the correction factor and the fiber 226Ra 
measurement. The error on the 226Ra determined from in situ 222Rn 
measurements is the standard derivation of the mean where more than one 
measurement was used and is the error on the individual measurement when only 
one measurement was used. All errors reported are 1 standard derivation.

At stations 3, 5, 6, 7, and 13, 226Ra was assumed to be constant with respect 
to depth and equal to the in situ 222Rn beneath the radon deficit. The reason 
that this was done is that the fiber 226Ra measurements appear to be too high 
for stations 3, 5, and 6 and no fiber 226Ra data was obtained for stations 7 
and 13. The silica difference between the surface mixed layer and water just 
beneath the mixed layer was less than 0.3 µM/kg which suggests that the 226Ra 
should be constant over this depth range.


Data Reduction

All 222Rn concentrations have been decay corrected to the time that the 
Niskin bottles were tripped. The data reduction is described in detail in 
Sarmiento et al. (6) and Smethie (7). The error reported is one standard 
deviation and is the result of propagating errors arising from counting 
statistics, uncertainty in counting efficiency, uncertainty in the background 
count rate, and uncertainty in the volume of the water sample. The error 
arising from counting statistics was calculated using the J factor as 
described by Lucas and Woodward (8) and Key (9).

Counting efficiencies were determined by running diluted aliquots of the NBS 
226Ra standard material #4953-C, and the error in the counting efficiency is 
the standard deviation of replicate runs made during the TTO/TAS expedition.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Radon analysts for the seven legs of TTO/NAS were:

  Leg 1  Bill Smethie, Bob Trier, Owen Andersen (all LDGO)
  Leg 2  Guy Mathieu, Sally Mathieu, Dee Breger (all LDGO)
  Leg 3  Bob Key (Princeton), Owen Andersen (LDGO)
  Leg 4  Guy Mathieu (LDGO), Sally Mathieu (LDGO), T.H. Peng (Oak Ridge)
  Leg 5  Bill Smethie, Sherry Shiff, Marilyn Buchholtz (all LDGO)
  Leg 6  John Goddard, Mike Amdurer (all LDGO)
  Leg 7  Bob Key (Princeton), Jim White (LDGO), Greg Kolibas (LDGO)

Guy Mathieu and John Goddard were responsible for setting up the shipboard 
222Rn laboratory and the computer routines for data reduction. The 226Ra 
samples returned to the laboratory were analyzed by Libby Ramage, Doug 
Maduro, and Ester Brady. Bob Key provided us with a Fortran program for the 
J-factor calculation.

This work was supported by NSF grant number OCE 79-25888 to Dr. W.S. Broecker 
and Dr. W.M. Smethie, Jr. of Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory.


                                                    William M. Smethie, Jr.
                                                    
                                                    Libby Ramage




REFERENCES

[1]  G.G. Mathieu, Rn-222 and Ra-226 technique of analyses, In: Transport and 
       transfer rates in the waters of the continental shelf, Annual report 
       to the Energy Research and Development Administration for Contract EY 
       76-S-02-2185, (June 1977).

[2]  W.S. Moore, B.M. Key and J.L. Sarmiento, Techniques for precise mapping 
       of 226Ra and 228Ra in the ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, (1985) 
       90, 6983-6994.

[3]  R.M. Key, R.L. Brewer, J.H. Stockwell, N.L. Guinasso, Jr. and D.R. 
       Schink, Some improved techniques for measuring radon and radium in 
       marine sediments and seawater, Marine Chemistry (1979) 7, 251-264.

[4]  T.-H. Peng, W.S. Broecker, G.G. Mathieu, Y.-H. Li and A.E. Bainbridge, 
       Radon evasion rates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as determined 
       during the GEOSECS program, Journal of Geophysical Research, (1979), 
       84(C5), 2471-2486.

[5]  J.K.B. Bishop, J.M. Edmond, D.R. Ketten, M.P. Bacon and W.B. Silker, The 
       chemistry, biology, and vertical flux of particulate matter from the 
       upper 400 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Research, 
       (1977), 24, 511-548.

[6]  J.L. Sarmiento, D.E. Hammond and W.S. Broecker, The calculation of the 
       statistical counting error for 222Rn scintillation counting, Earth and 
       Planetary Science Letters, (1976), 32, 351-356.

[7]  W.M. Smethie, Jr., An investigation of vertical mixing rates in fjords 
       using naturally occurring radon-222 and salinity as tracers, PhD 
       thesis, University of Washington, (1979), 247 pp.

[8]  H.F. Lucas and Woodward, Effect of long decay chains on the counting 
       statistics in the analysis of Ra-224 and Rn-222, Journal of Applied 
       Physics, (1964), 35.

[9]  R.M. Key, Estimating the standard deviation for Rn-222 scintillation 
       counting - a note concerning the paper by Sarmiento et al., Earth and 
       Planetary Science Letter, (1977), 35, 184-187.



Figure 1:  222Rn and σθ versus depth for TTO/NAS station 211.

Figure 2:  Shipboard 222Rn versus fiber 226Ra for samples beneath the radon 
           deficit for TTO/NAS.



Extensive freon measurements were conducted on Leg 7 of TTO. The system built 
for this cruise performed very reliably. More than 500 water samples were 
analysed for both freons, F-11 and F-12, so that complete vertical profiles 
were obtained at 24 of the possible 30 field stations. In addition, more than 
100 measurements of freon concentrations in the atmosphere were made as part 
of the calibration procedure, as well as for the subsequent determination of 
the degree of saturation of the surface waters.

Measurable concentrations of F-11 and F-12 were found at all depths for all 
stations except the southernmost (28 N). A well-defined freon maximum at the 
bottom (5000m) can be traced southward to GEOSECS Station 28 (39 N), 
remarkably like the deep tritium feature found during the North Atlantic 
GEOSECS study in 1972-3. In two different crossings of the Western Boundary 
Current (WBC), the freon signal revealed the WBC core at a depth of ~3600m 
(43 N, 60 W), and somewhat deeper, ~4200m, further to the northeast off St  
Johns, Newfoundland (47 N, 42 W).

The freon concentrations in the surface water were found to decrease with 
increasing sea surface temperature, remaining close to saturation equilibrium 
with the simultaneously measured atmospheric burden. There was no measurable 
latitude gradient of these gases in the marine troposphere from 47 to 28 N. 
The observed penetration of freon gases into the deep North Atlantic will 
lead to an improved understanding of the circulation and sink capacity of 
this ocean for man-made gases (freons, CO2) critical to global changes.

This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant #OCE-
7925889.

                                                    Richard H. Gammon






CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, ALL LEGS:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
1987-04-07  Unknown           DELC14/TRITIUM  From CDIAC Website 

                   TTO NAS TAS TRITIUM and C14 DATA              87/04/07       
                               DOS DISK                                          
                                                                              
            The files on the floppy disk include only samples on which Cl4 or 
            T (or  both) have been measured.  Missing data are indicated by 
            blanks.  Files are   ASCII characters, forming integers of the 
            actual numbers, multiplied by FACTORbelow.                       
                                                                              
            File format is DOS, as it comes on the IBM PC.  One long string 
            of characters as follows:                                            
                                                                              
            BYTES   WIDTH   DATA, (right justified)                                     FACTOR
                                                                                           
            1-6     6       Station number                                                 1 
            7-12    6       Cast, Niskin bottle number                                     1 
            13-18   6       Depth in m or pressure in dB, supplied by PACODF               1 
            19-24   6       Potential temp., see pg. 5 in Data Report 15                1000 
            25-30   6       Salinity, in S-units, supplied by PACODF                    1000 
            31-36   6       Sigma Theta, see pg.5 in Data Report 15                     1000 
            37-42   6       TU in old scale at time of sampling                         1000 
            43-48   6       Error, 1 Sigma, in TU                                       1000 
            49-54   6       TCO2 in  moles/kg. Note: On TTO there are TCO2              1000 
                              data available on more samples, not listed here                
            55-60   6       dC13 (o/oo) vs PDB, of our CO2 preparations                 1000 
            61-68   8       DC14 in internationally adopted scale                       1000 
            69-72   4       Gerard sampler #                                               1 
            73-78   6       Available                                                    -   
            79      1       CR                                                           -   
            80      1       LF                                                           -   
                                                                              
            The Tritium Lab is responsible only for the TU, eTU,dC13 and DC14 
            data to be accurate.  For up-to-date hydrography, TCO2, and other 
            parameters, please contact Scripps Data Facility.                


Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
1989-08-31  Jenkins, William  He/Tr           From CDIAC Website 

                                 WHOI Helium Isotope Lab
                           Data Release #3.0   August 31, 1989
                        Tritium and 3He from TTO-NAS and NATS 1981

            Dear Colleague,

            The files on this disk (TTO.DAT and NAT.DAT) are a listing of 
            tritium, helium and hydrographic data taken on two expeditions 
            which took place in the summer of 1981. The TTO North Atlantic 
            Survey took place on the KNORR on seven legs with a variety of 
            chief scientists (see the data report published by Scripps 
            Institution of Oceanography, ref SIO No. 86-15). The NATS (North 
            Atlantic Tracer Section) data (AT-109, legs 1-3) were taken with 
            C.Wunsch, H.Stommel and D.Roemmich as chief scientists. We are 
            indebted to all for their help.  This work was supported by the 
            National Science Foundation, grants No. OCE79-21378 and OCE81-
            17998. You are free to use this data as you see fit, but an 
            acknowledgement of its source would be appreciated in any 
            resulting publications.

            There are a total of 3235 tritium and 2893 helium measurements.  
            The data are organized as simple ascii files with two kinds of 
            records in a repeating pattern: a station header record, followed 
            by a number of depth records. Ancillary hydrographic information 
            is included for your convenience only, and we make no claim as to 
            its accuracy. Cast and bottle numbers are included to permit 
            referencing the actual hydrographic data released by the PACODF 
            group. We present the helium-3 data in two "units" for use at 
            your own discretion. Null values are indicated as -99. We have 
            made every attempt to ensure that there are no errors in the data 
            (eg due to mis-labelling), but if you find any "fliers", please 
            notify us (telemail W.Jenkins) of the cast and bottle number and 
            what the problem appears to be, and we will investigate. Don't 
            forget to include the data release number.

            The data can be read by the following fortran statements 
            (contained in the file "test.for"):

                  open(unit=3,file='TTO.DAT',status='old')
             100  read(3,110,end=300)ista,ndeps,stalat,stalon,id,im,iy
             110  format(2i3,2f8.3,3i3)
                  do 200 i=1,ndeps
                      read(3,120)icast,ibott,pres,temp,salt,oxy,trit,sigt,he3,del3,che
             120      format(2i2,f6.0,2f8.3,f5.0,3f7.2,f7.1,f7.2)
             200    continue
                  go to 100
            c
            c   .................................
            c
             300  close(unit=3)
            c
            c
            The program test.for has been succesfully used under both SUN OS 
            v4.0 and Microsoft (MSDOS) v5.0 fortran compilers.

            The variables read are:

                STATION HEADER:
                      ista     station number
                      ndeps     number of depths to be read
                      stalat     station latitude (N positive) in decimal degrees
                      stalon     station longitude (W positive) in dec. degrees
                      id,im,iy   station date (day, month, year)

                DEPTH RECORDS:
                      icast     cast number
                      ibott     bottle number
                      pres     pressure in decibars
                      temp     in situ temperature (deg. C)
                      salt     salinity (PSU)
                      oxygen     dissolved oxygen (uM/Kg)
                      trit     tritium (T.U.) at time of station
                      sigt     uncertainty in tritium (T.U.)
                      he3     excess helium-3 (T.U.)*
                      del3     helium isotope ratio anomaly (permil)**
                      che     helium concentration (ncc/g)***

                 * the excess helium-3 is computed according to Jenkins (1987).
                      Uncertainty is .035 T.U.
                 ** relative to the atmospheric ratio.  Uncertainty is 1.5 permil.
                 *** uncertainty is 0.1 ncc/g [ncc = 10^-9 cc(STP)].

            The data reported here are the result of the work of a number of 
            people (both present and past) in the Helium Isotope Laboratory.  
            They are:

                 Richard D. Boudreau
                 Marcia W. Davis (Pratt)
                 Philip A. DesJardin
                 Peggy A. Dickinson (O'Brien)
                 Heidi Hinds
                 William J. Jenkins
                 Danuta G. Kaminski
                 Dempsey E. Lott III
                 Gary Newhart

            References:
            Jenkins, W.J. (1987) 3H and 3He in the Beta Triangle: 
                observations of gyre ventilation and oxygen utilization 
                rates.  J. Phys. Oceanogr. 17, 763-783.
            Lott, D.E. and W.J. Jenkins (1984) An automated cryogenic 
                charcoal trap system for helium isotope mass spectrometry. 
                Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 1982-1988.



CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 1 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-02-10  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS Leg1 notes

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
            http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
            TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
            Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity 
              and total carbon.
            No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.
            Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. 
              Jenkins
            Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Added missing NB 69 from PACODF data report SIO Ref. #86-15
            Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. 
              of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund
            Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            No Miami rosette sample data for Leg 1. 

            Notes for Leg1:
            Temperature for Station 2, sample 101, 14db is Reversing 
              Thermometer not CTD temperature and appears 3 deg low. 
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 
              ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz
            Low Temperature and Salinity on Station 2 above 120db are as 
              shown in NODC data. Left as is.



CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 2 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-09-13  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS notes for Leg2:    

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
              http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
              Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity 
                  and total carbon.
              No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.

            Helium tritium merge file:   nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
              W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
              of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 
              19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of 
              sampling"
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
              used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
              available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values 
              available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and 
              the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list:

              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                  15       2       1    11.0    3.46    0.06     8.0    2.87    0.11    0.59
                  15       2       5   300.0    4.42    0.07   296.0    3.74    0.12    0.68
                  15       2       6   348.0    3.85    0.06   344.0    3.55    0.13    0.30
                  15       2       7   447.0    4.61    0.11   443.0    3.53    0.11    1.08
                  15       2       8   547.0    3.80    0.10   542.0    2.67    0.10    1.13
                  15       2       9   642.0    3.21    0.10   639.0    2.10    0.07    1.11
                  15       2      10   743.0    1.12    0.07   734.0    0.89    0.05    0.23
                  15       2      11   791.0    0.97    0.04   782.0    0.91    0.06    0.06
                  15       2      13   932.0    0.64    0.04   923.0    0.69    0.08   -0.05
                  15       2      20  2141.0    0.22    0.04  2117.0    0.18    0.06    0.04
                  15       2      23  2773.0    0.22    0.03  2736.0    0.24    0.06   -0.02
                  15       2      27  3149.0    0.45    0.04  3106.0    0.67    0.06   -0.22
                  15       2      28  3277.0    0.39    0.04  3233.0    0.37    0.06    0.02
                  15       2      29  3396.0    0.55    0.04  3349.0    0.43    0.05    0.12
                  15       2      30  3654.0    0.44    0.03  3603.0    0.48    0.06   -0.04
                  15       2      31  3916.0    0.35    0.03  3857.0    0.33    0.06    0.02
                  15       2      34  4449.0    0.47    0.04  4377.0    0.29    0.06    0.18
                  15       2      35  4659.0    0.42    0.04  4582.0    0.18    0.06    0.24
                  15       2      36  4764.0    0.31    0.03  4684.0    0.24    0.09    0.07
            
            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 
                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********  *
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU  *
                  15       2       4   195.0   -9.00   193.0    3.30    0.10  2
                  15       2      12   888.0   -9.00   881.0    0.49    0.05  2
                  15       2      15  1183.0   -9.00  1172.0    0.91    0.07  2
                  15       2      17  1399.0   -9.00  1385.0    1.02    0.07  2
                  15       2      19  1836.0   -9.00  1821.0    0.50    0.06  2
                  15       2      21  2348.0   -9.00  2320.0    0.33    0.06  2
                  15       2      32  4185.0   -9.00  4120.0    0.33    0.06  2
                  15       2      33  4348.0   -9.00  4280.0    0.30    0.05  2
                  32       2      24  3675.0   -9.00  3622.0   -0.10    0.07  2
                  32       2      27  4453.0   -9.00  4382.0    0.02    0.06  2
                  33       2      33   995.0   -9.00   989.0    0.02    0.05  2
                  33       2      34  1249.0   -9.00  1241.0    0.14    0.05  2
                  33       2      35  1652.0   -9.00  1641.0    0.11    0.05  2
                  34       2      14  1169.0   -9.00  1165.0    0.15    0.05  2
                  34       2      15  1374.0   -9.00  1368.0    0.11    0.04  2
                  34       2      16  1582.0   -9.00  1574.0    0.14    0.04  2
                  34       2      19  2501.0   -9.00  2479.0    0.00    0.05  2
                  34       2      20  2993.0   -9.00  2962.0   -0.06    0.05  2
                  35       1      10   648.0   -9.00   648.0    0.89    0.07  2
                  35       1      18  1403.0   -9.00  1400.0    0.12    0.05  2
                  35       1      19  1604.0   -9.00  1598.0   -0.01    0.04  2
                  35       1      23  1806.0   -9.00  1797.0    0.09    0.04  2
                  35       1      24  2010.0   -9.00  1997.0    0.01    0.04  2
                  36       2       1    12.0   -9.00    19.0    2.10    0.09  2
                  36       2       3    61.0   -9.00    69.0    2.78    0.11  2
                  36       2       5   198.0   -9.00   205.0    3.21    0.11  2
                  36       2       6   255.0   -9.00   280.0    3.61    0.14  2
                  36       2       7   368.0   -9.00   374.0    3.39    0.13  2
                  36       2       8   471.0   -9.00   476.0    3.12    0.10  2
                  36       2      11   840.0   -9.00   849.0    0.06    0.05  2
                  36       2      12  1003.0   -9.00  1005.0    0.05    0.06  2
                  36       2      13  1183.0   -9.00  1183.0    0.06    0.05  2
                  36       2      14  1378.0   -9.00  1382.0    0.14    0.04  2
                  36       2      15  1608.0   -9.00  1604.0    0.00    0.05  2
                  36       2      16  1997.0   -9.00  1985.0   -0.06    0.04  2
                  36       2      18  2967.0   -9.00  2940.0   -0.01    0.00  2
                  36       2      20  3964.0   -9.00  3915.0    0.00    0.05  2
                  38       2      22    -9.0   -9.00  3751.0   -0.07    0.05  2
                  39       2      18  1833.0   -9.00  1813.0   -0.02    0.04  2
                  39       2      20  2601.0   -9.00  2569.0   -0.07    0.04  2
                  39       2      22  3601.0   -9.00  3548.0    0.16    0.05  2
                  39       2      24  4631.0   -9.00  4552.0    0.14    0.04  2
                  39       2      28  5451.0   -9.00  5349.0   -0.10    0.04  2
            
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz
            
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                    15     2    4763
                                                    16     2    4773
                                                    19     1    5625
                                                    20     2    5617
                                                    24     2    5943
                                                    25     1    1630
                                                    26     2    5192
                                                    27     4    1620
                                                    27     5     151
                                                    35     1    2017
                                                    35     2      52
                                                    36     2    4894
                                                    38     2    5816
                                                    39     2    5702
                                                    40     2    5943
                                                    41     1    5432

            
              CTD data in NODC file for Station 23 Cast 2 is bad and was left out:
                (    P      T      S           )
                (    5      22.23  33.664      )
                (steady increase in T and S to:)
                ( 1519     612.05 960.93       )
            




CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 3 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-09-13  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS Leg 3 notes:
            
            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
               http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
               Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, 
                    alkalinity and total carbon.
               No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.

            Helium tritium merge file:   nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
                    W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. 
                    Added missing NB 69 from PACODF data report SIO Ref. #86-15

            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
                    of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund
              Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. 
              Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling"
              Station 105 Ca 1 Bottle 21 depth given as 3493.
                 ODF Report SIO Ref. No. 86-15 depth is 1024.
                        "           "          press is 1034.
                    Miami tritium 1.190
                        & triter  0.065 for this sample not used.
            
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
            used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
            available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available 
            for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of 
            Miami value is shown on the following list:
            
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                  43       4       1    10.0    4.01    0.07     8.0    3.81    0.13    0.20
                  43       4       2   408.0    3.76    0.06   403.0    3.60    0.14    0.16
                  43       4       3   605.0    3.15    0.07   598.0    2.70    0.10    0.45
                  43       4       4   801.0    1.62    0.06   791.0    1.66    0.08   -0.04
                  43       4       6  1207.0    0.68    0.05  1191.0    0.67    0.05    0.01
                  43       4       7  1311.0    1.08    0.05  1293.0    0.74    0.05    0.34
                  43       4       8  1415.0    0.74    0.04  1395.0    0.54    0.05    0.20
                  43       4       9  1518.0    0.49    0.04  1497.0    0.46    0.05    0.03
                  43       4      10  1619.0    0.56    0.04  1597.0    0.47    0.06    0.09
                  43       4      11  1722.0    0.28    0.07  1697.0    0.19    0.05    0.09
                  43       4      12  1824.0    0.14    0.04  1798.0    0.23    0.04   -0.09
                  43       4      19  4373.0    0.03    0.03  4286.0    0.10    0.04   -0.07
                  54       1      11   512.0    4.04    0.11   500.0    3.55    0.12    0.49
                  54       1      12   612.0    4.43    0.11   598.0    3.60    0.12    0.83
                  54       1      13   712.0    3.82    0.11   698.0    2.93    0.11    0.89
                  54       1      14   811.0    3.19    0.10   797.0    2.42    0.10    0.77
                  54       1      15   911.0    3.28    0.10   896.0    2.28    0.10    1.00
                  54       1      16  1010.0    3.22    0.10   996.0    2.21    0.10    1.01
                  54       1      17  1109.0    2.93    0.09  1095.0    2.70    0.12    0.23
                  54       1      18  1209.0    2.90    0.05  1193.0    2.34    0.08    0.56
                  54       1      19  1309.0    2.41    0.05  1292.0    1.90    0.09    0.51
                  54       1      21  1503.0    1.08    0.04  1484.0    0.81    0.07    0.27
                  54       1      22  1590.0    0.62    0.04  1569.0    0.39    0.05    0.23
                  54       1      23  1781.0    0.27    0.03  1759.0    0.28    0.05   -0.01
                  54       1      24  1973.0    0.05    0.03  1950.0    0.11    0.05   -0.06
                  55       1      14  1117.0    3.02    0.10  1101.0    2.50    0.11    0.52
                  99       2      14  1628.0    0.63    0.07  1607.0    0.64    0.05   -0.01
                 109       2       1     4.0    4.49    0.05     2.0    4.18    0.13    0.31
                 109       2      17  2008.0    0.30    0.02  1977.0    0.43    0.06   -0.13
            
            
            
            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 
                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU
                  51       1       9  1018.0   -9.00  1008.0    0.97    0.07  2
                  52       2      12  1122.0   -9.00  1104.0    0.85    0.07  2
                  52       2      14  1324.0   -9.00  1303.0    0.59    0.00  2
                  52       2      16  1627.0   -9.00  1602.0    0.27    0.05  2
                  52       2      18  2036.0   -9.00  2003.0    0.01    0.05  2
                  53       1      11  1010.0   -9.00   995.0    1.81    0.07  2
                  54       1      20  1407.0   -9.00  1389.0    1.55    0.08  2
                  56       1      23   960.0   -9.00   950.0    2.04    0.09  2
                  57       1      20  1012.0   -9.00  1000.0    1.07    0.08  2
                  68       2       5   393.0   -9.00   384.0    3.94    0.11  2
                  68       2       7   587.0   -9.00   575.0    3.55    0.12  2
                  68       2       9   780.0   -9.00   766.0    1.69    0.07  2
                  68       2      11   984.0   -9.00   968.0    1.02    0.07  2
                  68       2      13  1303.0   -9.00  1283.0    0.68    0.05  2
                  68       2      15  1627.0   -9.00  1603.0    0.27    0.05  2
                  68       2      17  2020.0   -9.00  1992.0   -0.11    0.05  2
                  71       2       5   416.0   -9.00   406.0    4.16    0.14  2
                  71       2       7   616.0   -9.00   604.0    3.08    0.10  2
                  71       2       9   813.0   -9.00   798.0    1.47    0.06  2
                  71       2      13  1319.0   -9.00  1299.0    0.27    0.05  2
                  71       2      15  1624.0   -9.00  1601.0    0.07    0.05  2
                  77       1      10   895.0   -9.00   885.0    0.66    0.06  2
                  77       1      12  1148.0   -9.00  1135.0    0.43    0.06  2
                  80       2       2   113.0   -9.00   105.0    4.26    0.12  2
                  80       2       4   314.0   -9.00   304.0    4.07    0.13  2
                  80       2       6   514.0   -9.00   501.0    3.71    0.22  2
                  80       2       8   711.0   -9.00   696.0    1.45    0.08  2
                  80       2      10   913.0   -9.00   895.0    0.45    0.06  2
                  80       2      12  1118.0   -9.00  1099.0    0.32    0.05  2
                  80       2      14  1321.0   -9.00  1299.0    0.25    0.05  2
                  80       2      16  1522.0   -9.00  1498.0    0.08    0.05  2
                  87       1       8  1117.0   -9.00  1097.0    0.99    0.05  2
                  89       1      17  1111.0   -9.00  1092.0    2.13    0.09  2
                  90       1      16  1116.0   -9.00  1097.0    2.24    0.10  2
                  90       1      18  1299.0   -9.00  1279.0    2.08    0.08  2
                  91       1      17  1013.0   -9.00   997.0    2.47    0.08  2
                  91       1      19  1218.0   -9.00  1200.0    2.18    0.09  2
                  93       1      17  1119.0   -9.00  1102.0    1.96    0.08  2
                  94       1       9   408.0   -9.00   400.0    3.88    0.12  2
                  94       1      11   610.0   -9.00   598.0    3.29    0.12  2
                  94       1      13   814.0   -9.00   799.0    2.75    0.10  2
                  94       1      15  1016.0   -9.00   999.0    2.47    0.09  2
                  94       1      17  1220.0   -9.00  1200.0    2.22    0.10  2
                  94       1      19  1425.0   -9.00  1402.0    1.78    0.09  2
                  94       1      21  1627.0   -9.00  1601.0    0.58    0.06  2
                  96       1       9  1022.0   -9.00  1004.0    0.78    0.06  2
                  98       1       2   110.0   -9.00   107.0    3.82    0.12  2
                  98       1       4   307.0   -9.00   303.0    4.04    0.13  2
                  98       1       6   505.0   -9.00   498.0    3.70    0.13  2
                  98       1       8   699.0   -9.00   690.0    2.94    0.10  2
                  98       1      10  1007.0   -9.00   988.0    1.38    0.07  2
                  98       1      12  1511.0   -9.00  1486.0    0.61    0.06  2
                  99       2       1     7.0   -9.00     1.0    4.12    0.13  2
                  99       2       3   418.0   -9.00   411.0    3.93    0.13  2
                  99       2       5   618.0   -9.00   610.0    4.08    0.13  2
                  99       2       7   820.0   -9.00   810.0    2.25    0.09  2
                  99       2       9  1022.0   -9.00  1010.0    2.44    0.09  2
                  99       2      11  1225.0   -9.00  1210.0    1.57    0.08  2
                  99       2      13  1426.0   -9.00  1408.0    1.26    0.07  2
                 102       1      16   904.0   -9.00   891.0    2.53    0.11  2
                 102       1      18  1311.0   -9.00  1289.0    1.55    0.08  2
                 104       1      14   715.0   -9.00   699.0    2.80    0.11  2
                 104       1      16   916.0   -9.00   898.0    2.83    0.11  2
                 104       1      18  1118.0   -9.00  1099.0    2.15    0.09  2
                 104       1      20  1323.0   -9.00  1302.0    1.63    0.07  2
                 104       1      22  1626.0   -9.00  1602.0    0.86    0.06  2
                 106       1       7  1012.0   -9.00   999.0    1.48    0.07  2
                 106       1       9  1215.0   -9.00  1200.0    1.12    0.07  2
                 106       1      11  1418.0   -9.00  1400.0    0.74    0.05  2
                 107       1      10  1111.0   -9.00  1103.0    1.23    0.06  2
                 109       2       2   114.0   -9.00   106.0    4.45    0.14  2
                 109       2       4   316.0   -9.00   304.0    4.06    0.13  2
                 109       2       6   517.0   -9.00   503.0    3.84    0.11  2
                 109       2       8   718.0   -9.00   702.0    2.70    0.11  2
                 109       2      10   921.0   -9.00   903.0    1.46    0.06  2
                 109       2      12  1123.0   -9.00  1103.0    1.31    0.06  2
                 109       2      14  1428.0   -9.00  1404.0    0.85    0.05  2
                 109       2      16  1828.0   -9.00  1800.0    1.19    0.07  2
            
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz
                                                     ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD2.csv.gz
                                                     ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz
            
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                  46      1        2944
                                                  63      1        1703
                                                  64      1        2012
                                                  65      1        1993
                                                  67      1        1706
                                                  75      1        1783
                                                  83      1        4926
                                                  93      1        2507
                                                  99      2        5405
                                                 100      1        1997
                                                 101      1        1993
                                                 102      1        3148
                                                 103      3        2013
                                                 105      1        1975
                                                 109      2        4988
            



CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 4 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-09-13  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS notes Leg4:

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
               http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
               Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, 
                    alkalinity and total carbon.
               No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.

            Helium tritium merge file:   nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
              W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
              of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 
              19, 2006.  Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of 
              sampling"
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
              used if available.  U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
              available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values 
              available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and 
              the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list:


              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                 110       4       1    15.0    4.80    0.14     9.0    3.63    0.13    1.17
                 110       4       3    52.0    4.55    0.13    48.0    4.11    0.14    0.44
                 110       4       4    73.0    4.52    0.13    68.0    3.58    0.14    0.94
                 110       4      17  1479.0    1.38    0.08  1452.0    1.14    0.08    0.24
                 110       4      18  2044.0    0.34    0.06  2007.0    0.29    0.06    0.05
                 110       4      19  2697.0    0.15    0.05  2648.0    0.05    0.05    0.10
                 110       4      20  3180.0    0.09    0.05  3120.0   -0.02    0.06    0.11
                 110       4      21  3583.0    0.10    0.04  3513.0    0.26    0.05   -0.16
                 110       4      22  3983.0    0.07    0.05  3903.0    0.00    0.05    0.07
                 110       4      23  4380.0   -0.04    0.04  4290.0   -0.17    0.06    0.13
                 110       4      24  4770.0    0.16    0.05  4669.0   -0.07    0.04    0.23
                 111       4       7   569.0    3.83    0.05   556.0    3.45    0.13    0.38
                 111       4       8   721.0    2.43    0.04   706.0    2.13    0.10    0.30
                 111       4      14  1623.0    0.69    0.03  1597.0    0.57    0.06    0.12
                 112       4       7   152.0    0.00    0.00   149.0    4.32    0.14   -4.32
                 112       4       8   270.0    5.54    0.18   265.0    4.08    0.14    1.46
                 112       4       9   340.0    4.40    0.15   334.0    4.13    0.14    0.27
                 112       4      10   410.0    4.64    0.16   403.0    3.88    0.13    0.76
                 112       4      11   646.0    3.30    0.13   630.0    2.55    0.10    0.75
                 112       4      12   874.0    2.87    0.12   855.0    2.29    0.10    0.58
                 112       4      13  1418.0    1.18    0.10  1393.0    1.10    0.07    0.08
                 112       4      14  1639.0    0.58    0.08  1611.0    0.49    0.05    0.09
                 112       4      15  1909.0    0.31    0.07  1878.0    0.16    0.05    0.15
                 112       4      16  2225.0   -0.01    0.06  2189.0   -0.09    0.05    0.08
                 112       4      17  2662.0   -0.07    0.07  2619.0   -0.04    0.05   -0.03
                 113       2       5   196.0    4.46    0.09   191.0    4.65    0.16   -0.19
                 113       2       6   316.0    4.33    0.08   308.0    4.09    0.14    0.24
                 113       2       7   464.0    4.58    0.15   453.0    3.58    0.12    1.00
                 113       2       8   632.0    3.62    0.14   619.0    3.12    0.11    0.50
                 113       2       9   673.0    3.67    0.13   659.0    2.88    0.11    0.79
                 113       2      10   776.0    2.80    0.11   760.0    2.52    0.10    0.28
                 113       2      13   995.0    2.51    0.07   976.0    2.20    0.08    0.31
                 113       2      14  1061.0    2.35    0.11  1041.0    2.28    0.09    0.07
                 113       2      15  1174.0    2.55    0.12  1152.0    2.10    0.10    0.45
                 113       2      16  1271.0    2.68    0.11  1248.0    2.13    0.09    0.55
                 118       2      17  1473.0    2.54    0.11  1447.0    2.17    0.11    0.37
                 118       2      18  1642.0    0.00    0.00  1614.0    2.01    0.11   -2.01
                 118       2      19  1876.0    1.94    0.10  1845.0    1.58    0.11    0.36
                 118       2      20  2131.0    1.14    0.08  2097.0    1.08    0.08    0.06
                 118       2      21  2495.0    0.87    0.08  2453.0    0.57    0.07    0.30
                 118       2      22  2873.0    0.50    0.07  2825.0    0.57    0.06   -0.07
                 119       1       9   662.0    3.08    0.04   652.0    2.59    0.11    0.49
                 119       1      10   834.0    3.26    0.04   822.0    3.05    0.13    0.21
                 119       1      11  1030.0    3.19    0.04  1015.0    2.74    0.12    0.45
                 119       1      12  1476.0    2.54    0.04  1456.0    2.38    0.11    0.16
                 119       1      13  2022.0    1.64    0.03  1993.0    1.55    0.09    0.09
                 119       1      14  2453.0    0.00    0.00  2416.0    1.16    0.09   -1.16
                 119       1      15  2967.0    1.02    0.03  2918.0    0.81    0.08    0.21
                 119       1      16  3350.0    0.00    0.00  3293.0    0.70    0.06   -0.70
                 119       1      17  3554.0    0.84    0.03  3492.0    0.77    0.07    0.07
                 119       1      18  3718.0    0.00    0.00  3652.0    0.51    0.07   -0.51
                 121       2       8   512.0    3.39    0.04   503.0    3.30    0.15    0.09
                 122       3       1    14.0    5.20    0.05     9.0    4.66    0.16    0.54
                 122       3       3    65.0    5.06    0.05    63.0    4.57    0.16    0.49
                 122       3       5   100.0    5.17    0.05    97.0    4.65    0.15    0.52
                 122       3       7   176.0    4.39    0.05   172.0    4.05    0.13    0.34
                 123       1       2    58.0    5.49    0.17    56.0    4.65    0.15    0.84
                 123       1       9  1446.0    1.95    0.06  1417.0    1.91    0.09    0.04
                 123       1      10  1662.0    1.58    0.06  1630.0    1.47    0.07    0.11
                 123       1      11  1998.0    1.13    0.06  1960.0    1.34    0.08   -0.21
                 123       1      12  2283.0    1.53    0.10  2240.0    1.05    0.08    0.48
                 123       1      13  2706.0    1.59    0.06  2654.0    1.35    0.07    0.24
                 123       1      20  3774.0    1.51    0.06  3697.0    1.55    0.09   -0.04
                 123       1      26  4026.0    1.36    0.03  3942.0    1.41    0.09   -0.05
                 123       1      31  4231.0    1.45    0.03  4141.0    1.22    0.06    0.23
                 124       3       1    14.0    5.08    0.05     7.0    4.80    0.14    0.28
                 124       3       2    66.0    4.94    0.05    58.0    4.74    0.14    0.20
                 124       3       4   115.0    4.74    0.05   106.0    4.21    0.13    0.53
                 124       3       7   293.0    4.01    0.05   280.0    3.69    0.13    0.32
                 124       3      11   627.0    3.13    0.04   608.0    2.85    0.11    0.28
                 124       3      14  1307.0    2.08    0.04  1282.0    1.62    0.08    0.46
                 124       3      15  1574.0    1.85    0.03  1546.0    1.72    0.09    0.13
                 124       3      20  2673.0    1.83    0.04  2628.0    1.93    0.08   -0.09
                 124       3      22  2874.0    1.68    0.03  2825.0    1.68    0.07    0.00
                 124       3      24  3010.0    1.76    0.03  2959.0    1.40    0.08    0.36
                 127       2       2    26.0    4.67    0.16    23.0    4.07    0.16    0.60
                 127       2       3    53.0    4.85    0.16    51.0    4.58    0.13    0.27
                 127       2       4    80.0    4.62    0.09    77.0    4.07    0.12    0.55
                 127       2       5   105.0    4.20    0.09   103.0    3.93    0.12    0.27
                 127       2       6   155.0    4.32    0.08   152.0    3.47    0.11    0.85
                 127       2       7   206.0    4.20    0.08   202.0    4.25    0.12   -0.05
                 127       2       9   307.0    4.19    0.08   302.0    4.16    0.11    0.03
                 127       2      11   408.0    3.96    0.08   401.0    3.79    0.12    0.17
                 127       2      15   742.0    3.33    0.08   731.0    3.09    0.08    0.24
                 127       2      16   813.0    3.27    0.08   802.0    3.20    0.11    0.07
                 127       2      17   895.0    3.07    0.07   882.0    3.13    0.10   -0.06
                 127       2      18   965.0    2.81    0.07   951.0    2.38    0.09    0.43
                 127       2      21  1228.0    2.45    0.07  1208.0    2.23    0.10    0.22
                 127       2      20  1302.0    2.35    0.07  1580.0    1.82    0.08    0.53
                 127       2      23  1807.0    2.33    0.06  1780.0    2.35    0.10   -0.02
                 127       2      24  1878.0    2.39    0.07  1850.0    2.23    0.08    0.16
                 130       2       1     5.0    5.08    0.09     2.0    4.39    0.15    0.69
                 130       2       2    50.0    4.99    0.16    47.0    4.71    0.14    0.28
                 130       2       3    96.0    5.09    0.17    93.0    4.54    0.13    0.55
                 130       2       4   142.0    4.88    0.16   139.0    4.14    0.12    0.74
                 130       2       5   197.0    3.40    0.11   193.0    4.44    0.12   -1.04
                 130       2       6   248.0    4.27    0.16   243.0    3.92    0.12    0.35
                 130       2       7   309.0    4.49    0.15   304.0    4.05    0.13    0.44
                 130       2       8   403.0    4.10    0.15   396.0    3.67    0.13    0.43
                 130       2       9   507.0    3.77    0.14   500.0    3.53    0.12    0.24
                 130       2      10   607.0    3.62    0.14   597.0    3.10    0.10    0.52
                 130       2      11   683.0    3.35    0.14   673.0    2.97    0.11    0.38
                 130       2      12   810.0    3.30    0.13   791.0    2.80    0.09    0.50
                 130       2      13  1006.0    3.31    0.14   985.0    2.70    0.09    0.61
                 130       2      14  1243.0    2.67    0.13  1220.0    2.49    0.09    0.18
                 130       2      15  1516.0    2.45    0.12  1489.0    2.17    0.09    0.28
                 130       2      16  1789.0    1.98    0.12  1760.0    1.71    0.08    0.27
                 130       2      18  2196.0    1.82    0.11  2161.0    1.55    0.08    0.27
                 130       2      21  2531.0    1.40    0.11  2491.0    1.23    0.09    0.17
                 130       2      22  2683.0    1.67    0.11  2639.0    1.42    0.09    0.25
                 130       2      23  2782.0    2.02    0.12  2736.0    1.86    0.08    0.16
                 130       2      24  2842.0    2.16    0.12  2794.0    1.84    0.10    0.32
                 134       1      13     5.0    4.93    0.05     2.0    4.96    0.16   -0.03
                 134       1      14    50.0    5.02    0.10    47.0    4.91    0.15    0.11
                 134       1      15    80.0    4.82    0.10    76.0    4.52    0.16    0.30
                 134       1      16   156.0    4.46    0.05   151.0    4.41    0.13    0.05
                 134       1      17   287.0    4.28    0.05   282.0    4.06    0.14    0.22
                 134       1      18   456.0    4.02    0.05   449.0    3.60    0.16    0.42
                 134       1      19   549.0    4.08    0.05   541.0    3.71    0.11    0.37
                 134       1      20   757.0    2.89    0.04   739.0    2.74    0.10    0.15
                 134       1      21   898.0    2.63    0.04   879.0    2.66    0.12   -0.03
                 134       1      22  1069.0    2.41    0.04  1047.0    2.45    0.11   -0.04
                 134       1      23  1170.0    2.23    0.04  1147.0    1.85    0.09    0.38
                 134       1      24  1274.0    2.06    0.04  1250.0    1.29    0.11    0.77
                 138       1      13    12.0    4.91    0.10     7.0    4.27    0.18    0.64
                 138       1      15   253.0    4.31    0.09   242.0    3.99    0.17    0.32
                 138       1      16   596.0    4.24    0.09   581.0    3.67    0.16    0.57
                 138       1      17   739.0    4.46    0.09   720.0    4.06    0.11    0.40
                 138       1      18  1020.0    3.88    0.09  1000.0    3.67    0.16    0.21
                 138       1      19  1249.0    2.73    0.08  1226.0    2.51    0.11    0.22
                 138       1      20  1726.0    1.98    0.07  1697.0    1.85    0.09    0.13
                 138       1      21  2131.0    0.94    0.06  2098.0    1.15    0.09   -0.21
                 138       1      22  2686.0    0.31    0.04  2643.0    0.12    0.06    0.19
                 138       1      24  2843.0    0.14    0.04  2796.0    0.29    0.05   -0.15

            
            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 
                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU
                 113       2      11   829.0   -9.00   812.0    2.29    0.09  2
                 113       2      12   904.0   -9.00   886.0    2.49    0.11  2
                 123       1      18  3569.0   -9.00  3498.0    1.34    0.07  2
                 123       1      24  4329.0   -9.00  4236.0    1.27    0.07  2
                 124       3       9   483.0   -9.00   465.0    3.16    0.11  2
                 130       2      19  2322.0   -9.00  2284.0    1.76    0.07  2

            
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                 116      1     2007
                                                 118      2     4298
                                                 120      2     3891
                                                 121      2     3763
                                                 122      3     4385
                                                 124      3     3005
                                                 129      1     2384
                                                 130      2     2838
                                                 131      1     2845




CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 5 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-11-22  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS Leg 5 notes:

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
               http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
               Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, 
                  alkalinity and total carbon.
               No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.

            Helium tritium merge file:   nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
              W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
              of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 
              19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of 
              sampling"
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
              used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
              available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values 
              available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and 
              the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list:

            
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                 141       2       1    14.0    4.84    0.09    12.0    4.88    0.17   -0.04
                 141       2       6   231.0    4.33    0.09   220.0    4.14    0.14    0.19
                 141       2      10   443.0    4.38    0.09   429.0    4.44    0.13   -0.06
                 141       2      16  1149.0    2.97    0.10  1129.0    2.69    0.09    0.28
                 141       2      24  1775.0    2.01    0.09  1749.0    2.04    0.13   -0.03
                 142       1       1     3.0    4.70    0.11     3.0    3.86    0.16    0.84
                 142       1      20   742.0    1.82    0.08   730.0    1.76    0.09    0.06
                 143       4       2    31.0    4.72    0.12    26.0    4.91    0.16   -0.19
                 143       4      12   519.0    3.52    0.10   502.0    3.27    0.12    0.25
                 143       4      14   819.0    2.07    0.09   799.0    1.91    0.11    0.16
                 143       4      16  1022.0    1.32    0.07  1000.0    1.44    0.07   -0.12
                 143       4      17  1124.0    1.08    0.07  1100.0    1.05    0.07    0.03
                 143       4      19  1832.0    0.28    0.04  1797.0    0.34    0.06   -0.06
                 143       4      20  2239.0    0.28    0.04  2199.0    0.33    0.05   -0.05
                 143       4      23  3508.0    0.26    0.06  3441.0    0.28    0.06   -0.02
                 144       2       1   498.0    4.78    0.09   480.0    4.26    0.14    0.52
                 144       2       3   699.0    3.68    0.08   679.0    3.55    0.11    0.13
                 144       2       8  1256.0    1.23    0.06  1229.0    1.13    0.06    0.10
                 144       2       9  1408.0    0.78    0.06  1380.0    0.76    0.08    0.02
                 144       2      20  3240.0    0.21    0.05  3179.0    0.32    0.05   -0.11
                 144       2      17  3694.0    0.22    0.04  3622.0    0.25    0.06   -0.03
                 144       2      15  3748.0    0.17    0.05  3675.0    0.25    0.05   -0.08
                 145       5      20   921.0    4.44    0.09   902.0    4.03    0.13    0.41
                 145       2      36  1411.0    1.58    0.07  1387.0    1.43    0.10    0.15
                 145       2      35  1718.0    1.60    0.06  1688.0    1.37    0.10    0.23
                 145       2      34  2022.0    0.85    0.06  1988.0    0.86    0.06   -0.01
                 145       2      32  2633.0    0.36    0.05  2586.0    0.43    0.04   -0.08
                 146       1       1    10.0    4.98    0.09     7.0    4.76    0.11    0.22
                 146       1      35  2118.0    0.78    0.05  2081.0    0.73    0.05    0.05
                 146       1      34  2423.0    0.81    0.05  2379.0    0.69    0.07    0.12
                 146       1      33  2730.0    0.75    0.05  2679.0    0.69    0.06    0.06
                 146       1      28  3106.0    0.76    0.05  3047.0    0.90    0.06   -0.14
                 146       1      22  3198.0    0.79    0.05  3137.0    0.87    0.05   -0.08
                 148       2       3    30.0    3.78    0.08    28.0    3.56    0.12    0.22
                 148       2      11   306.0    2.67    0.07   301.0    2.33    0.09    0.34
                 148       2      13   451.0    2.27    0.06   443.0    1.92    0.10    0.35
                 148       2      15   608.0    1.89    0.06   598.0    2.01    0.09   -0.12
                 148       2      19  1062.0    1.61    0.06  1043.0    1.46    0.07    0.15
                 148       2      21  1500.0    1.47    0.06  1475.0    1.21    0.07    0.26
                 148       2      22  3761.0    1.16    0.05  3685.0    1.18    0.06   -0.02
                 149       2      31  2826.0    0.90    0.05  2773.0    0.80    0.07    0.10
                 149       2      20  3260.0    0.91    0.05  3198.0    1.21    0.08   -0.30
                 152       1       1     4.0    6.42    0.11     2.0    6.09    0.14    0.33
                 152       1      24  2490.0    0.77    0.03  2445.0    0.74    0.05    0.03
                 153       1       2    48.0    4.84    0.05    41.0    4.64    0.10    0.20
                 153       1      24  2718.0    0.77    0.03  2668.0    0.73    0.06    0.04
                 158       1       1     5.0    9.76    0.16     2.0   10.08    0.23   -0.32
                 158       1       3    19.0    7.37    0.14    16.0    6.52    0.26    0.85
                 158       1       9    96.0    4.60    0.12    91.0    4.77    0.15   -0.17
                 158       1      11   148.0    4.48    0.11   142.0    4.36    0.12    0.12
                 158       1      12   233.0    3.94    0.11   226.0    4.10    0.12   -0.16
                 158       1      14   360.0    3.44    0.10   351.0    3.38    0.12    0.06
                 158       1      16   512.0    3.02    0.10   500.0    3.01    0.08    0.01
                 158       1      21   914.0    1.91    0.09   899.0    2.02    0.10   -0.11
                 158       1      26  2204.0    0.74    0.07  2166.0    0.80    0.08   -0.06
                 158       1      25  2222.0    0.69    0.07  2184.0    0.92    0.07   -0.23
                 159       2      13   100.0    4.38    0.10    98.0    4.11    0.12    0.27
                 159       2      15   307.0    4.09    0.10   302.0    3.83    0.10    0.26
                 160       1       3   102.0    4.54    0.10   101.0    4.99    0.19   -0.45
                 160       1       5   301.0    4.49    0.10   298.0    4.13    0.17    0.36
                 160       1       7   558.0    4.05    0.10   549.0    4.26    0.18   -0.21
                 160       1      11  1166.0    2.92    0.09  1148.0    2.41    0.12    0.51
                 160       1      16  1722.0    1.94    0.07  1695.0    1.99    0.09   -0.05
                 160       1      18  1924.0    1.77    0.08  1893.0    1.62    0.11    0.15
                 160       1      20  2097.0    2.45    0.08  2064.0    2.23    0.10    0.22
                 160       1      23  2316.0    2.39    0.08  2277.0    2.14    0.09    0.25
                 164       1       1     5.0    4.59    0.10     7.0    4.21    0.17    0.38
                 164       1       5    37.0    4.55    0.09    35.0    3.97    0.13    0.58
                 164       1       7   105.0    4.38    0.09   102.0    6.04    0.22   -1.66
                 164       1      10   506.0    3.40    0.09   498.0    3.08    0.09    0.32
                 164       1      24  2563.0    2.41    0.07  2521.0    1.58    0.09    0.83
                 165       1       1     9.0    4.56    0.09    10.0    4.61    0.18   -0.05
                 165       1       3    50.0    4.13    0.09    51.0    3.97    0.16    0.16
                 165       1       5   162.0    3.91    0.09   160.0    3.53    0.15    0.38
                 165       1       6   307.0    3.81    0.09   303.0    3.59    0.15    0.22
                 165       1      12  1066.0    2.98    0.08  1050.0    2.63    0.12    0.35
                 165       1      13  1272.0    2.73    0.08  1253.0    2.47    0.10    0.26
                 165       1      16  1828.0    1.94    0.07  1800.0    1.66    0.08    0.28
                 165       1      17  2031.0    1.53    0.06  1999.0    1.43    0.07    0.10
                 165       1      19  2436.0    1.67    0.06  2396.0    2.89    0.09   -1.22
                 165       1      20  2613.0    1.92    0.07  2569.0    3.02    0.11   -1.10
                 167       1       1    10.0    4.50    0.05     8.0    4.11    0.13    0.39
                 167       1       5    98.0    4.07    0.05    95.0    4.13    0.12   -0.06
                 167       1       9   560.0    3.75    0.05   551.0    3.77    0.11   -0.02
                 167       1      15  1623.0    2.06    0.04  1598.0    2.02    0.09    0.04
                 167       1      17  2031.0    1.49    0.03  1998.0    1.38    0.07    0.11
                 167       1      18  2133.0    2.11    0.04  2098.0    2.01    0.10    0.10
                 167       1      19  2194.0    3.38    0.05  2158.0    2.89    0.14    0.49
                 167       1      20  2247.0    4.04    0.05  2210.0    3.45    0.09    0.59
                 167       1      22  2299.0    3.32    0.09  2261.0    3.03    0.13    0.29
                 167       1      24  2354.0    3.02    0.04  2315.0    2.78    0.09    0.24
                 169       1       1    10.0    4.41    0.05    10.0    4.17    0.16    0.24
                 169       1       7    50.0    4.14    0.05    49.0    4.26    0.17   -0.12
                 169       1       8    98.0    4.05    0.05    96.0    3.99    0.16    0.06
                 169       1      10   244.0    3.98    0.05   241.0    3.97    0.16    0.01
                 169       1      16   979.0    3.58    0.05   965.0    3.24    0.11    0.34
                 169       1      24  1301.0    2.86    0.04  1281.0    2.50    0.12    0.36
                 170       1       9     5.0   17.26    0.10     2.0   16.32    0.55    0.94

            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 

                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU
                 142       1       2    10.0   -9.00    11.0    4.39    0.12  2
                 142       1       3    26.0   -9.00    26.0    3.86    0.15  2
                 142       1       4    61.0   -9.00    60.0    4.13    0.16  2
                 142       1       5    91.0   -9.00    90.0    4.23    0.19  2
                 142       1       6   121.0   -9.00   120.0    4.14    0.16  2
                 142       1       7   152.0   -9.00   150.0    3.90    0.15  2
                 142       1       8   192.0   -9.00   189.0    3.81    0.14  2
                 142       1       9   242.0   -9.00   239.0    3.70    0.15  2
                 142       1      10   304.0   -9.00   299.0    4.21    0.17  2
                 142       1      11   356.0   -9.00   350.0    4.00    0.16  2
                 142       1      12   407.0   -9.00   401.0    3.98    0.16  2
                 142       1      13   459.0   -9.00   452.0    3.93    0.14  2
                 142       1      14   500.0   -9.00   492.0    3.91    0.16  2
                 142       1      15   550.0   -9.00   542.0    3.80    0.14  2
                 142       1      17   642.0   -9.00   631.0    3.36    0.14  2
                 142       1      18   685.0   -9.00   674.0    2.75    0.13  2
                 142       1      24   823.0   -9.00   809.0    1.58    0.08  2
                 143       4       1     9.0   -9.00     6.0    4.87    0.15  2
                 143       4       3    60.0   -9.00    55.0    4.05    0.11  2
                 143       4       4    90.0   -9.00    83.0    4.15    0.16  2
                 143       4       5   127.0   -9.00   118.0    4.96    0.15  2
                 143       4       7   199.0   -9.00   188.0    4.74    0.14  2
                 143       4       9   295.0   -9.00   283.0    4.17    0.14  2
                 143       4      11   435.0   -9.00   419.0    3.49    0.13  2
                 143       4      13   618.0   -9.00   600.0    2.46    0.10  2
                 143       4      18  1426.0   -9.00  1398.0    0.54    0.06  2
                 143       4      21  2646.0   -9.00  2597.0    0.59    0.07  2
                 143       4      22  3054.0   -9.00  2998.0    0.50    0.08  2
                 143       4      24  3916.0   -9.00  3838.0    0.31    0.07  2
                 144       2       2   600.0   -9.00   581.0    4.02    0.13  2
                 144       2       6   999.0   -9.00   976.0    1.90    0.08  2
                 145       5       2    39.0   -9.00    36.0    4.47    0.15  2
                 145       5      22  1091.0   -9.00  1072.0    3.13    0.09  2
                 145       5      24  1293.0   -9.00  1272.0    1.90    0.07  2
                 145       2      31  3002.0   -9.00  2946.0    0.37    0.06  2
                 145       2      29  3106.0   -9.00  3045.0    0.39    0.04  2
                 145       2      27  3207.0   -9.00  3145.0    0.25    0.07  2
                 146       1       4   101.0   -9.00    94.0    4.72    0.13  2
                 146       1       8   275.0   -9.00   262.0    4.09    0.11  2
                 146       1      10   401.0   -9.00   385.0    4.18    0.11  2
                 146       1      12   484.0   -9.00   467.0    3.20    0.10  2
                 146       1      14   608.0   -9.00   589.0    2.87    0.09  2
                 146       1      16   768.0   -9.00   748.0    1.99    0.09  2
                 146       1      18   969.0   -9.00   946.0    1.80    0.09  2
                 146       1      20  1328.0   -9.00  1301.0    0.77    0.06  2
                 146       1      32  2887.0   -9.00  2833.0    0.77    0.06  2
                 148       2       6   124.0   -9.00   120.0    3.06    0.11  2
                 148       2       8   185.0   -9.00   180.0    2.75    0.10  2
                 148       2      12   356.0   -9.00   350.0    2.25    0.08  2
                 148       2      14   507.0   -9.00   498.0    2.03    0.09  2
                 149       2       2    11.0   -9.00     7.0    6.09    0.17  2
                 149       2      36  1402.0   -9.00  1378.0    1.65    0.09  2
                 152       1       4    58.0   -9.00    56.0    4.43    0.11  2
                 152       1       6   134.0   -9.00   132.0    3.97    0.12  2
                 152       1       8   226.0   -9.00   222.0    4.33    0.11  2
                 152       1      10   327.0   -9.00   322.0    3.85    0.10  2
                 152       1      12   480.0   -9.00   471.0    2.96    0.09  2
                 152       1      14   662.0   -9.00   649.0    2.32    0.08  2
                 152       1      16   962.0   -9.00   946.0    1.50    0.07  2
                 152       1      18  1361.0   -9.00  1337.0    0.98    0.06  2
                 152       1      20  1949.0   -9.00  1914.0    0.60    0.05  2
                 152       1      22  2087.0   -9.00  2050.0    0.73    0.06  2
                 152       1      23  2365.0   -9.00  2321.0    0.62    0.06  2
                 153       1       1     6.0   -9.00     2.0    6.63    0.14  2
                 153       1       3    90.0   -9.00    81.0    4.47    0.12  2
                 153       1       5   265.0   -9.00   250.0    4.70    0.13  2
                 153       1       7   418.0   -9.00   400.0    4.07    0.11  2
                 153       1       9   620.0   -9.00   600.0    3.09    0.11  2
                 153       1      11   973.0   -9.00   950.0    1.54    0.07  2
                 153       1      12  1225.0   -9.00  1200.0    1.26    0.07  2
                 153       1      16  2138.0   -9.00  2099.0    0.64    0.05  2
                 153       1      19  2423.0   -9.00  2379.0    0.51    0.05  2
                 153       1      23  2687.0   -9.00  2637.0    0.46    0.26  2
                 156       1       4    49.0   -9.00    48.0    5.35    0.14  2
                 156       1      10   306.0   -9.00   301.0    4.62    0.14  2
                 156       1      11   407.0   -9.00   400.0    4.58    0.11  2
                 156       1      16  1018.0   -9.00  1001.0    1.95    0.09  2
                 156       1      17  1170.0   -9.00  1151.0    1.15    0.06  2
                 156       1      19  1456.0   -9.00  1431.0    0.60    0.07  2
                 158       1       4    22.0   -9.00    18.0    6.58    0.16  2
                 158       1       6    46.0   -9.00    42.0    5.70    0.16  2
                 158       1      13   284.0   -9.00   276.0    3.49    0.10  2
                 158       1      18   612.0   -9.00   602.0    2.70    0.09  2
                 158       1      19   713.0   -9.00   701.0    2.66    0.12  2
                 158       1      20   815.0   -9.00   801.0    2.17    0.10  2
                 158       1      36  1009.0   -9.00   992.0    1.87    0.08  2
                 158       1      34  1211.0   -9.00  1191.0    1.49    0.06  2
                 158       1      32  1617.0   -9.00  1590.0    0.95    0.05  2
                 158       1      29  2083.0   -9.00  2047.0    0.79    0.06  2
                 158       1      22  2231.0   -9.00  2193.0    0.71    0.05  2
                 159       2       1     5.0   -9.00     2.0    4.36    0.13  2
                 159       2       6    26.0   -9.00    22.0    4.51    0.13  2
                 159       2      12    50.0   -9.00    49.0    4.31    0.14  2
                 159       2      16   368.0   -9.00   362.0    3.06    0.14  2
                 160       1       2    52.0   -9.00    52.0    5.57    0.21  2
                 160       1       4   203.0   -9.00   199.0    4.15    0.16  2
                 160       1       6   399.0   -9.00   393.0    3.67    0.16  2
                 160       1       8   702.0   -9.00   689.0    3.83    0.16  2
                 160       1       9   861.0   -9.00   847.0    3.62    0.15  2
                 160       1      12  1318.0   -9.00  1298.0    2.44    0.12  2
                 160       1      14  1520.0   -9.00  1497.0    1.83    0.12  2
                 160       1      21  2179.0   -9.00  2145.0    1.59    0.10  2
                 164       1       3    30.0   -9.00    28.0    4.18    0.17  2
                 164       1       6    54.0   -9.00    52.0    5.62    0.22  2
                 164       1       9   357.0   -9.00   350.0    3.50    0.14  2
                 164       1      23  2405.0   -9.00  2365.0    1.42    0.07  2
                 165       1       2    34.0   -9.00    34.0    4.02    0.16  2
                 165       1       4   100.0   -9.00    99.0    3.72    0.15  2
                 165       1       8   510.0   -9.00   502.0    3.52    0.15  2
                 165       1      10   737.0   -9.00   725.0    3.65    0.13  2
                 165       1      15  1625.0   -9.00  1600.0    2.08    0.10  2
                 165       1      18  2233.0   -9.00  2197.0    1.44    0.09  2
                 167       1       2    30.0   -9.00    28.0    3.74    0.12  2
                 167       1       4    69.0   -9.00    67.0    3.87    0.12  2
                 167       1       6   205.0   -9.00   200.0    3.72    0.11  2
                 167       1      10   711.0   -9.00   700.0    3.61    0.10  2
                 167       1      12  1015.0   -9.00   999.0    2.81    0.11  2
                 167       1      14  1420.0   -9.00  1397.0    2.44    0.09  2
                 167       1      16  1827.0   -9.00  1798.0    1.48    0.07  2
                 167       1      21  2274.0   -9.00  2237.0    3.40    0.14  2
                 167       1      23  2332.0   -9.00  2294.0    2.77    0.08  2
            Miami tritium has different depths from Whoi tritium on Station 165

               STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR   DEPTH   TRITUM  TRITER  QF
            Miami 165       1      21   2237.0   1.300   0.070  2
                  165       1      22   2261.0   1.790   0.090  2
                  165       1      23   2294.0   2.020   0.070  2
                  165       1      24   2315.0   3.130   0.130  2

                                        CTDPRS  
            Whoi  165       1      21   2711.0   -9.00   -9.00  9
                  165       1      22   2806.0   -9.00   -9.00  9
                  165       1      23   2871.0   -9.00   -9.00  9
                  165       1      24   2890.0   -9.00   -9.00  9
            ~
                                        CTDPRS  DEPTH
            ODF   165       1      21   2708    2665
            Reprt 165       1      22   2803    2759
                  165       1      23   2867    2821
                  165       1      24   2887    2841

            Original Miami data for Station 165:
            63150N032130W810812                                                       165  1
               165   101    10 10221 34809 26765  4610   180                               3
               165   102    34  8370 34908 27146  4020   160                               3
               165   103    51  6488 34935 27438  3970   160                               3
               165   104    99  5445 34984 27610  3720   150                               3
               165   105   160  5220 34996 27646  3530   150                               3
               165   106   303  4382 34939 27697  3590   150                               3
               165   108   502  3828 34895 27721  3520   150                               3
               165   110   725  3592 34879 27732  3650   130                               3
               165   112  1050  3507 34895 27753  2630   120                               3
               165   113  1253  3463 34910 27769  2470   100                               3
               165   115  1600  3352 34925 27792  2080   100                               3
               165   116  1800  3317 34937 27805  1660    80                               3
               165   117  1999  3188 34950 27828  1430    70                               3
               165   118  2197  3027 34948 27841  1440    90                               3
               165   121  2237   977 34853 27929  1300    70                               3
               165   122  2261   804 34871 27955  1790    90                               3
               165   123  2294   240 34880 27996  2020    70                               3
               165   124  2315   226 34881 27998  3130   130                               3
               165   119  2396  2834 34944 27856  2890    90                               3
               165   120  2569  2556 34928 27868  3020   110                               3

            Deleted Miami tritium for Station 165 Cast 1 Bottles: 21, 22, 23 & 24
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz
                                                     ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD4.csv.gz
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                 144      2     3767
                                                 149      2     3256
                                                 153      1     2714
                                                 163      1     1787
                                                 168      1     1935

              NODC CTD data have no values for negative temperatures. NODC 
                negative temps shown as ---.---
                Stations with negative temps this leg are 142, 143, 145_2, 
                145_5, 146, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 and 
                159.
              CTD data for these stations were obtained from Sarilee Anderson 
              (PORD/SIO) on Oct 18, 2006,
                in a file named tto_nas.ctd.  Positive temperature data 
                appear to be the same on both NODC and Anderson files.
              The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data available. 9-
                track tapes unreadable.




CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 6 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-02-10  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS notes for Leg6:

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
               http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
               Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, 
                  alkalinity and total carbon.
               No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.
            Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
               W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
               of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 
               19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of 
               sampling"
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
               used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
               available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values 
               available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" 
               and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list:

              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                 173       1       1    15.0    5.22    0.12    13.0    4.27    0.14    0.95
                 173       1       5   195.0    4.32    0.11   192.0    3.94    0.13    0.38
                 173       1       9   570.0    3.97    0.10   561.0    4.12    0.17   -0.15
                 173       1      12   963.0    3.94    0.10   948.0    3.43    0.11    0.51
                 173       1      14  1065.0    4.16    0.10  1049.0    3.32    0.14    0.84
                 173       1      20  1701.0    2.26    0.08  1675.0    2.02    0.11    0.24
                 179       1       1    13.0    4.63    0.05    11.0    4.61    0.15    0.02
                 179       1       6   409.0    4.35    0.05   403.0    4.03    0.10    0.32
                 179       1      12  1205.0    2.93    0.04  1186.0    2.62    0.10    0.31
                 179       1      19  2719.0    2.96    0.04  2673.0    2.85    0.09    0.11
                 179       1      24  2966.0    3.38    0.05  2915.0    2.89    0.10    0.49
                 181       1      15  1678.0    2.36    0.04  1651.0    2.05    0.10    0.31

            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 
                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU
                 173       1       6   286.0   -9.00   282.0    3.94    0.13  2
                 173       1      11   813.0   -9.00   800.0    3.53    0.15  2
                 173       1      16  1166.0   -9.00  1148.0    3.78    0.10  2
                 173       1      21  1901.0   -9.00  1872.0    1.77    0.09  2
                 181       1      10   810.0   -9.00   796.0    3.33    0.14  2

            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD4.csv.gz
                                                     ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD5.csv.gz
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                 183      1     1951
                                                 184      1     1644
                                                 189      3     3006
                                                 198      1     1429
                                                 211      2     4700
                                                 212      1     3622

              NODC CTD data have no values for negative temperatures. NODC 
                negative temps shown as ---.---

            Stations with negative temps this leg are 199, 200 and 219. CTD 
            data for these stations were obtained from Sarilee Anderson 
            (PORD/SIO) on Oct 18, 2006, in a file named tto_nas.ctd.  
            Positive temperature data appear to be the same on both NODC and 
            Anderson files.  The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data 
            available. 9-track tapes unreadable.





CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 7 ONLY:

Date        Contact           Data Type       Summary
----------  ----------------  --------------  ----------------------------------
2006-12-05  Muus, Dave        CTD/BTL/SUM     From CDIAC Website 
            NAS Leg 7 notes:

            Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006.
               http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html
                    TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv
               Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, 
                  alkalinity and total carbon.
               No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF.
            Helium tritium merge file:   nas_he3-tu.orig.Z  from WHOI P.I.: 
              W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006.
            Tritium merge file:  nas1-7.c14.orig.Z  Believed to be from Univ. 
              of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 
              19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of 
              sampling"
            Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values 
              used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not 
              available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values 
              available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and 
              the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list:

              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM  TRITER   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER  W-M Tr
                                        DBAR  W   TU  W   TU       M  MoldTU  MoldTU  diffTU
                 224       1       1     8.0   12.68    0.19    10.0   11.25    0.26    1.43
                 224       1       2    33.0   10.52    0.07    31.0    9.74    0.24    0.78
                 224       1       6   228.0    4.79    0.13   226.0    4.21    0.17    0.58
                 224       1       8   403.0    4.47    0.13   401.0    4.11    0.11    0.36
                 224       1      13  1202.0    3.28    0.11  1190.0    2.90    0.10    0.38
                 224       1      14  1411.0    2.94    0.10  1396.0    2.56    0.08    0.38
                 224       1      17  2019.0    2.07    0.04  1995.0    1.87    0.09    0.20
                 224       1      18  2267.0    2.00    0.09  2238.0    1.52    0.07    0.48
                 225       3       1    15.0   12.34    0.18    10.0    9.53    0.23    2.81
                 225       3       2    39.0   11.53    0.17    34.0    9.58    0.24    1.95
                 225       3       4   107.0    6.91    0.14   102.0    5.86    0.14    1.05
                 225       3       6   305.0    5.25    0.13   300.0    4.38    0.12    0.87
                 225       3       7   407.0    3.62    0.11   401.0    3.07    0.11    0.55
                 225       3       9   758.0    3.64    0.04   748.0    3.25    0.10    0.39
                 225       3      10  1008.0    3.23    0.04   994.0    3.03    0.09    0.20
                 225       3      11  1257.0    2.63    0.04  1241.0    2.56    0.10    0.07
                 225       3      12  1510.0    1.86    0.03  1490.0    1.51    0.07    0.35
                 225       3      13  1763.0    2.00    0.09  1739.0    1.72    0.08    0.28
                 225       3      14  2012.0    1.38    0.08  1984.0    1.29    0.06    0.09
                 225       3      15  2265.0    1.33    0.08  2233.0    1.24    0.06    0.09
                 225       3      16  2520.0    1.67    0.09  2483.0    1.66    0.07    0.01
                 225       3      17  2777.0    1.26    0.08  2735.0    1.17    0.07    0.09
                 225       3      18  3035.0    1.27    0.08  2987.0    0.97    0.06    0.30
                 225       3      19  3292.0    1.30    0.08  3239.0    1.23    0.07    0.07
                 225       3      20  3550.0    1.32    0.08  3490.0    1.21    0.08    0.11
                 225       3      21  3805.0    1.62    0.09  3739.0    1.56    0.07    0.06
                 225       3      22  4053.0    2.36    0.10  3979.0    1.65    0.07    0.71
                 225       3      23  4190.0    2.62    0.10  4114.0    2.13    0.09    0.49
                 225       3      24  4286.0    3.20    0.11  4207.0    2.64    0.08    0.56
                 228       3       2    55.0    3.82    0.04    52.0    3.43    0.11    0.39
                 228       3       3   153.0    3.52    0.04   150.0    3.29    0.11    0.23
                 228       3       5   304.0    3.89    0.13   301.0    3.66    0.12    0.23
                 228       3       6   503.0    3.62    0.04   499.0    3.18    0.11    0.44
                 228       3       8   802.0    1.54    0.09   795.0    1.54    0.10    0.00
                 228       3       9   903.0    2.28    0.03   895.0    2.10    0.10    0.18
                 228       3      14  1584.0    2.53    0.04  1567.0    2.31    0.12    0.22
                 228       3      16  2191.0    1.15    0.03  2164.0    0.78    0.06    0.37
                 228       3      20  3352.0    0.44    0.07  3302.0    0.42    0.05    0.02
                 228       3      21  3749.0    0.44    0.07  3690.0    0.34    0.06    0.10
                 228       3      23  4711.0    0.98    0.08  4625.0    0.79    0.07    0.19
                 233       1       1     6.0    3.66    0.04     6.0    3.42    0.12    0.24
                 233       1       7   497.0    3.62    0.04   493.0    3.07    0.11    0.55
                 233       1       9   698.0    2.29    0.03   692.0    1.87    0.09    0.42
                 233       1      11   901.0    1.30    0.03   893.0    1.03    0.07    0.27
                 233       1      13  1098.0    1.00    0.02  1088.0    0.90    0.07    0.10
                 233       1      15  1391.0    1.46    0.03  1378.0    1.29    0.06    0.17
                 233       1      19  2002.0    0.29    0.02  1980.0    0.26    0.04    0.03
                 233       1      21  2407.0    0.18    0.02  2378.0    0.16    0.06    0.02
                 233       1      23  2810.0    0.11    0.02  2774.0    0.10    0.04    0.01
                 233       1      25  3205.0    0.16    0.02  3160.0    0.09    0.05    0.07
                 233       1      27  3611.0    0.17    0.02  3557.0    0.04    0.05    0.13
                 233       1      29  4016.0    0.09    0.01  3952.0    0.06    0.05    0.03
                 233       1      33  4940.0    0.31    0.02  4852.0    0.00    0.06    0.31
                 233       1      35  5149.0    0.08    0.01  5054.0    0.16    0.07   -0.08
                 234       2       8  1250.0    1.19    0.03  1238.0    1.06    0.08    0.13
                 234       2      24  5462.0    0.04    0.02  5361.0    0.00    0.05    0.04
                 235       2       3   148.0    3.61    0.04   145.0    3.34    0.11    0.27
                 235       2       8   699.0    2.76    0.03   695.0    2.60    0.10    0.16
                 235       2      10  1250.0    0.53    0.02  1239.0    0.47    0.07    0.06
                 241       2       3   153.0    3.56    0.04   150.0    3.19    0.11    0.37
                 241       2      22  5282.0    0.46    0.02  5183.0    0.35    0.06    0.11
                 241       2      24  5543.0    0.34    0.02  5436.0    0.38    0.05   -0.04
                 243       2       1    15.0    5.19    0.05    11.0    4.75    0.15    0.44
                 243       2       3   232.0    1.87    0.03   228.0    2.09    0.09   -0.22
                 243       2       4   406.0    1.23    0.03   402.0    1.18    0.08    0.05
                 243       2       5   606.0    1.48    0.03   600.0    1.48    0.08    0.00
                 243       2      17  3693.0    0.33    0.02  3634.0    0.28    0.05    0.05

            List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: 
                                      *****WHOI*****  ********MIAMI*********
              STNNBR  CASTNO  BTLNBR  CTDPRS  TRITUM   DEPTH  TRITUM  TRITER Q1
                                        DBAR      TU       M  old TU  old TU
                 225       3       5   206.0   -9.00   201.0    5.37    0.15  2
                 225       3       8   508.0   -9.00   500.0    2.91    0.11  2
                 228       3      10   947.0   -9.00   938.0    2.15    0.08  2
                 228       3      24  4955.0   -9.00  4862.0    1.22    0.06  2
                 233       1       2    56.0   -9.00    54.0    3.55    0.12  2
                 233       1       4   197.0   -9.00   194.0    3.17    0.11  2
                 233       1       6   398.0   -9.00   395.0    3.22    0.11  2
                 233       1      16  1543.0   -9.00  1527.0    1.10    0.06  2
                 233       1      17  1697.0   -9.00  1679.0    1.07    0.06  2
                 233       1      18  1851.0   -9.00  1830.0    0.34    0.06  2
                 233       1      20  2204.0   -9.00  2178.0    0.15    0.05  2
                 233       1      26  3407.0   -9.00  3358.0    0.07    0.04  2
                 233       1      30  4271.0   -9.00  4200.0    0.01    0.05  2
                 233       1      31  4527.0   -9.00  4451.0    0.26    0.05  2
                 233       1      32  4785.0   -9.00  4701.0    0.08    0.05  2
                 233       1      36  5289.0   -9.00  5191.0    0.06    0.05  2
                 234       2       9  1351.0   -9.00  1339.0    0.50    0.05  2
                 234       2      17  3232.0   -9.00  3188.0    0.02    0.06  2
                 235       2       2    69.0   -9.00    66.0    2.85    0.08  2
                 235       2       4   198.0   -9.00   195.0    3.26    0.11  2
                 235       2      11  1372.0   -9.00  1358.0    0.47    0.06  2
                 235       2      12  1487.0   -9.00  1474.0    0.32    0.05  2
                 235       2      13  1705.0   -9.00  1688.0    0.19    0.05  2
                 235       2      14  2054.0   -9.00  2033.0    0.10    0.05  2
                 235       2      16  2622.0   -9.00  2591.0    0.00    0.04  2
                 235       2      19  3716.0   -9.00  3662.0   -0.08    0.05  2
                 235       2      20  4072.0   -9.00  4011.0    0.02    0.04  2
                 235       2      21  4643.0   -9.00  4566.0    0.20    0.04  2
                 235       2      23  5229.0   -9.00  5135.0    0.25    0.06  2
                 241       2      15  2801.0   -9.00  2764.0    0.19    0.06  2
                 241       2      16  3254.0   -9.00  3207.0    0.16    0.05  2
                 241       2      18  3854.0   -9.00  3794.0    0.39    0.06  2
                 243       2       2   106.0   -9.00   101.0    4.61    0.17  2
                 243       2      16  3205.0   -9.00  3159.0    0.27    0.06  2
                 243       2      19  4224.0   -9.00  4152.0    0.36    0.09  2
                 243       2      24  5180.0   -9.00  5081.0    0.48    0.05  2
                 247       1       1    10.0   -9.00     9.0   12.43    0.24  2
                 247       1       2   224.0   -9.00   222.0    3.16    0.12  2
                 247       1       4   503.0   -9.00   499.0    2.18    0.10  2
                 247       1       6   805.0   -9.00   798.0    2.43    0.10  2
                 247       1       8  1194.0   -9.00  1183.0    1.78    0.08  2
                 247       1      10  1612.0   -9.00  1594.0    0.51    0.06  2
                 247       1      11  1816.0   -9.00  1795.0    0.80    0.06  2
                 247       1      13  2259.0   -9.00  2231.0    0.66    0.06  2
            Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006  ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD5.csv.gz
                                                     ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD6.csv.gz
              No CTD data for following casts: Station  Cast  Max Press
                                                 220      1       89
                                                 230      3     5231
                                                 239      1     4730
                                                 246      3     4008

              The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data available. 9-track 
              tapes unreadable.

