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A.  CRUISE REPORT:  P01H
    (Last Update 2008 DEC)

A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS

                           CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

             WOCE section designation  P01H
    Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  49NZ199909_2
        Chief Scientist & affiliation  Takatoshi Takizwa, JAMSTEC*
                                Dates  1999 SEP 11 - 1999 OCT 06
                                 Ship  R/V Mirai
                        Ports of call  unk
                   Number of stations  13

                                                  41°21.54'N
Geographic boundaries of the stations  145°34.81'E          146°41.47'E
                                                  42°48.43'N
         Floats and drifters deployed  0 
       Moorings deployed or recovered  0 
                Contributing Authors  Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University)

    * Takatoshi Takizawa  • Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 
 • 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237 • JAPAN • Tel: 81-468-67-5571 (3811 direct)
            • Fax: 81-468-65 3202 • Email: takizaqat@jamstec.go.jp



I. CRUISE NARRATIVE
   Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University)

The cruise of P1H was carried out as an appendix of the second leg of MR9905 
of Mirai. This leg was assigned for the arctic observation under the control 
of Dr. Takizawa who is the chief scientist of the leg. As is in the 
documentation of P1C, the first leg of MR9905, designated as SAGE P1 revisit 
cruise, could not complete stations off Hokkaido. Dr. Takizawa was so kind to 
try to back up those stations. As the result, nine stations were occupied, 
however, most of chemical tracers were not analyzed. The second leg of MR9905 
was not designed for WHP, so the number of observation item and their 
accuracy were decreased compared to other P1 revisit cruises.

The period of observation concerning P1C was from September 30, 1999 to 
October 1.

We would like to thank Dr. Takizawa for his kind efforts. Raw data including 
underway observations e.g. the ship board ADCP and meteorology are kept in 
DMO of JAMSTEC; however, the multi-narrow beam did not work well. 



II. CRUISE SUMMARY

1. SHIP NAME
   Mirai (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center)
2. CRUISE PERIOD
   From 11 September 1999 to 6 October 1999
3. OBSERVATION
   9 stations along WHP P1 off Hokkaido
4. CHIEF SCIENTIST
   Takatoshi Takizawa (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center)
   e-mail: takizawat@jamstec.go jp
5. OBSERVATION ITEM AND PI
   CTD              Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University): fksw@jamstec.go jp
   Bottle Salinity  Hiroyuki Yoritaka (Hydrographic Department Japan Maritime 
                    Safety Agency): yoritaka@jodc.go.jp
   Bottle Oxygen    Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University)
   Nutrients        Chizuru Saitoh (Japan Marine Science and Technology 
                    Center)
                    : saitoc@jamstec.go.jp
   DIC*             Tsuneo Ono (National Research Institute of Fishery 
                    Laboratory)
                    : onot@jamstec.go.jp

* Collected samples were freezed. Analyses were carried out a week after the 
  collection.



III. SAMPLE WATER SALINITY MEASUREMENTS

(1) PERSONEL

Hiroyuki Yoritaka (Hydrographic Department, Maritime Safety Agency)
Satoshi Ozawa     (Marine Work Japan) 
Toru Idai         (Marine Work Japan)
Hitoshi Yamanobe  (Marine Work Japan)
Hiroyuki Nakajima (Tokai University)
Satoko Katsuyama  (Tokai University)
Fujio Kobayashi   (Marine Work Japan)


(2) OBJECTIVE

Calibration of salinity measured by CTD.


(3) MEASURED PARAMETER

Sample water salinity


(4) INSTRUMENTS AND METHOD

The salinity analysis was carried out by a Guildline Autosal salinometer 
model 8400B, which was modified by addition of an Ocean Science International 
peristaltic-type sample intake pump. Data of salinometer was collected 
simultaneously by a personal computer. A double conductivity ratio was 
defined as a median of 15 readings of the salinometer. Data collection was 
started after 5 seconds and it took about 5 seconds to collect 15 readings by 
a personal computer.

The salinometer was operated in the air-conditioned ship's laboratory at a 
bath temperature of 24 degree C.  An ambient temperature varied from 
approximately 23 to 24 degree C.

i) Standard Sea Water

Autosal model 8400B was standardized only before sequence of measurements by 
use of IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P135 whose conductivity ratio was 
0.99992. After the standardization, 8400B was monitored by SSW ampoule before 
and after the measurements for samples of one station. Total 23 ampoules of 
SSW were measured for monitoring, whose standard deviation was 0.0004 psu.

ii) Salinity Sample Collection

The bottles in which the salinity samples are collected and stored are 250ml 
clear glass bottles with inner caps and outer screw caps. Each bottle were 
rinsed twice and filled with sample water. Salinity samples were stored by 
the end of leg 1 in the same laboratory as the salinity measurement was made.

iii) Replicate Samples

Replicate samples were drawn from several Niskin bottles for each station. 
Standard deviation in the measurements of replicate samples was 0.0013 psu 
for 54 pairs.

iv) Quality Flag

Quality flag was made according to difference from corrected salinity 
measured with CTD.  CTD salinity was corrected by linear fitting with bottle 
salinity for pressure in the upper layer (<1000db) and the deep layer 
(>1000db) at each station (see CTD). For the bottle salinity exceeded double 
standard deviation, bad (4) or doubt (3) flag was made. RMS of residual 
difference was 0.001 between CTD salinity and good bottle salinity for deeper 
layer .



IV. SAMPLE WATER OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS

(1) PERSONAL

Masao Fukasawa      (Tokai Univ.)
Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ)
Hiroaki Muraki      (MWJ)


(2) OBJECTIVE

To detect changes in the transect between 1985 and 1999.


(3) MEASURED PARAMETER

Sample water dissolved oxygen


(4) INSTRUMENTS AND METHOD

(a) Instruments and Apparatus

Dispenser:     Eppendorf Comforpette 480/ 1000ml.
               OPTIFIX/ 2ml
Metrohm Model  725 Multi Dosimat/ 20ml
Titrator:      Metrohm Model 716 DMS Titrino/10ml of titration vesswl
               Pt electrode/6.0403.100(NC)
Software:      Data acquisition / Metrohm, METRODATA / 606013/000 
               Endpoint evaluation

(b) Methods

Samples were colleted from 12L Niskin bottles and a bucked for the surface 
into the volumetrically calibrated dry grass bottles. At least two times of 
bottle volumes of sample water were overflowed before each sampling. Sampling 
water temperatures for 4 or 5 bottles were measured by a thermister-
thermometer to calculate the change in the volume of sampled water at the 
time of the titration. For other samples of which temperature were not 
measured, potential temperatures derived from CTD data were used. The 
sampling bottles consist of ordinary BOD flask (ca. 200ml) and glass stopper 
with long nipple inside which is modified from the nipple in Green and 
Carritt (1966). Oxygen in the sample was fixed immediately after the 
collection. Bottles were kept in a wooden box in the temperature-controlled 
laboratory until the titration.

The analytical method and the preparation of regents were carried out in the 
same way as described in WHP Operations and Methods (Culberson, 1991). A 
0.05N thiosulfate of titrant was adopted during the cruise. Volumetric 
apparatus except titrator were calibrated before the cruise. A titration was 
started about one hour after the fixation of dissolved oxygen. Two sets of 
Metrohm titrators with the automatic piston burette of 10ml and Pt electrode 
were used for the titration in the temperature-controlled laboratory. The 
temperature of samples which had been stored was 21 deg. C +/- 2 deg. C 
during the cruise. The end point was determined by the potentiometric method 
and evaluated by the second-derivative curve method. Concentration of 
dissolved oxygen was computed using the equation in WHP Operation and Methods 
(Culberson, 1991).


(5) RESULTS

We carried out 366 analyses of DO. Results are shown in .sea file.

(a) Thiosulfate Standardization

Thiosulfate regent was standardized when thiosulfate bottles of titrator were 
empty. A 0.0100N KIO3 standard solution was used for the standardization e.g. 
Lot 990715(0.01002N). The averaged volumes of thiosulfate for the 
standardization were 1.973ml (titrator #1) and 1.974ml (titrator #2), with 
standard deviation of 0.001ml and 0.002ml, respectively.

(b) Pure water blank

The blank value comes from the presence of redox species aparted from oxygen 
in the regents, which behaves equivalently to oxygen to be analysed. The pure 
water blank or the titration blank was determined using deionaized water 
(Milli-Q SP, Millipore) at each thiosulfate standardization. The average of 
pure water blanks was -0.019ml (#1) and -0.018ml (#2) with standard deviation 
of 0.008ml and 0.005ml, respectively.

(c) Reproducibility

In the cruise, replicate samples were drawn from some Niskin bottles at each 
station to estimate the precision of the analysis. 30 pair of replicate 
samples are analyzed to show the standard deviation (2 sigma) of 0.018ml/l or 
0.2% of maximum value of DO concentration of 7.314ml/l in the cruise.



V. CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOSS IN DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DC^(14))

(1) PERSONNEL

Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University); sample collection
Robert Key     (Princeron University); sample Analysis

(2) SAMPLE COLLECTION

Sampling stations of ^(14)C are planned to be every five degrees except the 
western boundary area. Samples were collected from depth using 12 liter 
Niskin bottles. Sampling glass bottles of c.a. 500ml were baked at 450 degree 
C for tow hours after dipped into 1 N of HCl solution. After baking, each 
bottle was capped with an aluminum foil until the sampling on the shipboard. 
The seawater sample was siphoned into the glass bottle with enough seawater 
to fill the glass.  Immediately after the collection, about 10 ml of seawater 
was removed from the bottle and poisoned by 1 ml of saturated HgCl(2) 
solution. The bottle was put a screwed plastic cap on and sealed with butyl 
tape. Then the bottle was put in a wooden container.

51 samples were collected from 3 stations.


(3) SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS

All samples were sent to Dr. Robert Key of Princeton University to be 
analyzed.



VI. CTD MEASUREMENT

(1) PERSONNEL

Masao Fukasawa (Tokai University)
Satoshi Ozawa  (Marine Work Japan)


(2) APPARATUS

Body and Circuit: Sea-Bird CTD9 plus

Sensors
    Temperature sensor (Primary): 1464
    Temperature sensor (Secondary): 1525
    Conductivity sensor: 041723,042271
    Pressure sensor: Digiquartz 410k-105 s/n 59960

(3) SENSOR CALIBRATION

(3)-1 Temperature sensor

(3)-1-1 Primary sensor

Temperature sensor was calibrated before and after the cruise on 29 Apr. 99 
and 05 May 00 at Marine Work Japan and Sea-Bird Electronics, respectively. 
Post-cruise residuals defined as differences between the bath temperature and 
the instrument temperature were checked at eleven temperature points of 
-1.5122, 1.0477, 4.6234, 8.1302, 11.6341, 15.1945, 18.6585, 22.1588, 25.6863, 
29.1576 and 32.6326 ITS-90 degree C.

The largest sensor drift during the period from the pre-cruise calibration to 
the post-cruise calibration was found to be +0.0011 deg C over the wide 
temperature band from 4.6243 to 29.1576 deg C. On the other hand, the 
absolute temperature difference between the bath and the instrument 
temperature was found to be largest as 0.0013 deg C at 32.6329 deg C using 
coefficients decided at the time of pre-cruise. As the result the drift of 
the temperature sensor was found to be +0.0011 of average with 0.00013 of 
standard deviation.

Consequently, if we define the accuracy of the sensor as the sum of the drift 
And the absolute temperature difference at eleven bath temperature, the 
result can be expressed as follows;

                   ___________________________________
                   
                    bath temp(degC)  ambiguity(degC)
                    ---------------  ---------------
                        -1.41            0.0008
                         1.01            0.0009
                         4.59            0.0011
                         8.19            0.0011
                        11.62            0.0011
                        15.18            0.0011
                        18.68            0.0011
                        22.18            0.0011
                        25.74            0.0011
                        29.16            0.0011
                        32.69            0.0013
                   ___________________________________


The resulted ambiguity is considerably larger than that for other P1 revisit 
cruises. 

(3)-2-2 Conductivity sensors

Sensor 042256 was used before the stations 54. At station 54 the sensor was 
replaced with 041723. Sensor of 041723 was calibrated at Sea-Bird Electronics 
only on 6 Apr. 99 just before the cruise. On the other hand, the sensor of 
042256 was calibrated only on 29 Jun. 99 after the cruise. For both of 
sensors, no non-linear response was detected which may affect the in-situ 
calibration of CTD salinity using the bottle salinity. 

(3)-2-3 Pressure sensor

Pressure sensor was calibrated at the time of the perches in Aug 97 and after 
the cruise on 15 Nov. 99. Calibration was carried out on six pressure values 
from 14 psia to 10000 psia. Any apparent hysteresis was found. Coefficients 
were decided so as to make the real pressure value and the CTD out put value 
are linear with the slope of 1 and the intersect of 0 at the time of newly 
equipped. Using the same coefficients, the slope value and intersect value 
were found to be shifted to 1.00010 and +1.54 psi or +1.0646 db.

The linearity of calibration line was so good that the largest offset of 
-0.12 db was found at around 2000 psi. 

(3)-2-4 DO sensor

DO sensor was not used.


(4) DATA CALIBRATION

(4)-3-1 Temperature

The residual which was detected at post-cruise sensor calibration at 14 
temperature points were so large and it is impossible to know the history of 
the time drift. So, we gave up to add any artificial values to out put from 
CTD. 

(4)-3-2 Salinity

Bottle salinity values of which flag were 2 were used for the salinity 
calibration. Differences between CTD salinity and bottle salinity were 
minimumized using the least square method against the pressure. Linear 
calibration equations were estimated for depths shallower than 1000 db and 
deeper than 1000 db, respectively. The calibration equation for deeper data 
was estimated first. The calibration value at 1000 db was calculated and used 
as a fix point for the calibration for shallower data. As the result, two 
calibration equations which were connected to each other at 1000 db were 
decided for every station. CTD salinity was re-produced using these 
equations. Standard deviation from the bottle salinity at each station is as 
follows;
                ____________________________________________
                
                 stn  cast  SD(0-1000)      SD(1000-bottom)
                              PSS-78            PSS-78
                 ---  ----  --------------  ---------------
                  4   1     6.6727837e-003       N/A
                  5   1     8.6979969e-003  3.4647951e-004
                  6   1     1.5797235e-003  6.0450398e-004
                  7   1     1.2629831e-003  8.2629089e-004
                 10   1     6.7736760e-003  7.0933285e-004
                 13   1     1.2327109e-003  6.3209221e-004
                ____________________________________________
                
                   
As for the traceability of SSW P-135 was -15/10000 psu to Mantyla's value. 
Aoyama et al (2000) also reported -16/10000, -14/10000, -14/10000 for P135. 
It must be noted that data calibration did not include the traceability.

(4)-3-3 Pressure

CTD outputs were re-produced using coefficients noted above. 




CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Date        Contact      Data Type     Action
----------  -----------  ------------  ------------------------------------
2004-04-10  Talley       SUM           Submitted
            Danie - Masao Fukasawa sent me a CDROM with the P1 occupation 
            from 1999. Here is a list of the cruises that make up the 
            section, which they called SAGE. (Part of the Subarctic Gyre 
            Experiment.)

            p1e - stations 92-115 R/V John Tully 6/2/99-6/10/99
            p1c - stations 4-92 R/V Mirai 8/25/99 - 9/8/99
            p1w - stations 1-74 R/V Kaiyo-Maru 5/23/99 - 6/11/99
            p1h - stations 4-13 R/V Mirai 9/30/99 - 10/2/99

            The files are called things like p1wsum.txt, p1csum.txt, 
            p1esum.txt, p1hsum.txt

            I don't have the data sets other than the sum files on my 
            computer, but will look for the CDROM when I get in. I gather 
            then that they weren't sent to the WHPO. 

2006-11-02  Johnson, G.  CTD/BTL/SUM   available on JAMESTEC website
            I note that P01 data are now in the public domain (see 
            http://www.jamstec.go.jp/iorgc/ocorp/data/p01rev_1999/index.html), 
            but are listed on the CCHDO site as with the PI (see 
            http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/tables/onetime/1tim_pac.htm#P01). 
            Would it be possible for these data to be served publicly on the 
            CCHDO site now? 

2006-11-06  Kappa        CTD/BTL/SUM   Website Updated
            Justin was able to get all the p01_1999 data online this morning. 
            Based on our time stamps, it looks like all the ctd files have 
            been worked by our data specialists. 2 of the hyd files have time 
            stamps, 2 don't. We'll be looking at them more closely in the 
            next couple weeks and will let you know if we find any anomalies. 
