Report of VALDIVIA cruise 161/2

A.	Cruise narrative

	Ship: 		Valdivia

	Cruise number: 	161, leg 2

	Expocode		06AZ161_2

	Cruise dates: 	start on 19 August 1996 in St. John's (Canada), 
				end on 5 September 1996 in Bremerhaven (Germany). 

	Chief scientist: 	Manfred Bersch,
				Institute of Oceanography
				University of Hamburg
				Troplowitzstr. 7
				22529 Hamburg, Germany. 

	Scientific objective:	hydrographic repeat of WOCE section A1E/AR7E. 

	Cruise track:	St. John's - Cape Farvel - Irminger Sea - Reykjanes 
Ridge at 59 N - Iceland Basin - Southwestern slope of Rockall Plateau - 
Porcupine Bank - English Channel - Bremerhaven 

	Total number of stations: 56, with CTD/rosette. 

	Cruise participants:	

Name			Institute 		Responsibility

Manfred Bersch	IfM		chief scientist
Joerg Feldt		IfM		CTD
Michael Fick	IfM		CTD
Chris Goodman	UEA		oxygen isotopes
Kai Logemann	IfM		CTD
Klaus Schulze	IfM		CTD
Norbert Verch	IfM		salinometer
Rainer Weigle	IfM		CTD
Sofie Woelk		IfM		CTD



		IfM:	Institut fuer Meereskunde der Universitaet Hamburg
			Troplowitzstr. 7
			22529 Hamburg, Germany
		UEA: 	School of Environmental Sciences
			University of East Anglia
			Norwich, NR4 7TJ
			United Kingdom
Notes: - Stations No. 3 to 56 were located along WOCE section A1E/AR7E. 

B.	Measurement techniques

CTD:  Seabird 911 plus. Continuous profiles of pressure, temperature, 
conductivity, and oxygen down to about 25 m above the sea bottom. The sample 
frequency was 24 Hz. Downcast velocities were between 0.5 and 1.0 m/s. The 
sensors are regularly calibrated in the laboratory.

ROS:  Seabird rosette. At each CTD station water samples from up to 12 different 
depths were taken during the upcast for the determination of salinity and 
concentrations of oxygen isotopes. Altimeter: The CTD/rosette was equipped with 
an altimeter, measuring the distance to the sea bottom.

Mechanical thermometers:  Gohla reversing thermometers. Fixed to selected water 
bottles of the rosette for the determination of temperature and pressure at 
different depths.

Analysis of water samples:

salinity:  Guildline Autosal salinometer, using standard seawater. 

oxygen isotopes:  the water samples were stored for later analysis. 

ADCP:  RDI 153 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, recording continuously the 
water velocity relative to the ship in the upper 500 m. A sampling interval of 6 
minutes and a depth interval of 16 m were chosen. Data from the GPS navigation 
and the ship's gyro were stored together with the ADCP data to obtain the 
absolute water velocity.

Navigation:  Global Positioning System (GPS). Bottom depth: ELAC echo-sounder.

Notes: - 3 CTD/rosette casts were run for test and calibration purposes.