TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8 OR 16 AND USE YOUR BACK BUTTON TO RE-LOAD A. CRUISE REPORT: AIS01 (Last Update December 2008) A.1. HIGHLIGHTS CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION Section designation AIS01 AIS01 Expedition designations 09AR20010101 09AR20020126 Chief Scientists Nathan Bindoff/IASOS John Church/CSIRO Graham Hosie/IASOS Dates 2001 JAN 01 - 2001 MAR09 2002 JAN 26 - 2002 MAR 08 Ship RSV Aurora Australis RSV Aurora Australis Ports of call Hobart, Aus to Davis, Aus Hobart, Aus to Mawson, Aus Number of stations 96 55 59°33.61'S 64°41.05'S Geographic boundaries 62°47.95'E 105°12.81'E 70°16.30E 75°21.50'E 69°00.02'S 69°25.92'S Floats/drifters deployed 0 Moorings deployed/recovered 9 Deployed 9 recovered Contributing Authors C. Curran M. Rosenberg Prof. Dr. Nathan Bindoff • Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies University of Tasmania Private Bag 37 • Hobart, TAS 7001 • Australia Tel: +61 3 6226 2986 • Fax: +61 3 6226 2986 • Email: N.Bindoff@utas.edu.au Dr. Graham Hosie • Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies University of Tasmania • Australian Antarctic Division 203 Channel Highway • Kingston, TAS 7050 • Australia Tel: +61 3 6232 3364 • Fax: +61 3 6232 3288 • Email: graham.hosie@aad.gov.au Dr. John Church • CSIRO Marine Research GPO Box 1538 • Hobart, TAS 7001 • Australia Tel: +61 3 6232 5207 • Email: john.church@csiro.au COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN ENVIRONMENT (ANTARCTIC CRC) Amery Ice Shelf Experiment (AMISOR), Marine Science Cruises AU0106 and AU0207 Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis Antarctic CRC Research Report No. 30 ISBN: 1 875796 26 6 ISSN: 1320-730X September 2002 Hobart, Australia LIST OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT PART 1 OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 CRUISE ITINERARIES AND SUMMARIES 1.3 FIELD DATA COLLECTION METHODS 1.3.1 CTD Instrumentation 1.3.2 ADCP 1.3.3 Underway measurements 1.3.4 Sediment grab. 1.3.5 Moorings 1.4 CTD AND HYDROLOGY RESULTS 1.4.1 CTD data 1.4.1.1 Conductivity/salinity 1.4.1.2 Temperature 1.4.1.3 Pressure 1.4.1.4 Dissolved oxygen 1.4.1.5 Fluorescence 1.4.2 Hydrology data APPENDIX 1.1 HYDROCHEMISTRY CRUISE LABORATORY REPORT A1.1.1 AU0106 HYDROCHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT A1.1.2 AU0207 HYDROCHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT APPENDIX 1.2 AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM02 CTD DATA, 2000/2001 SEASON DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY A1.2.1 INTRODUCTION A1.2.2 DATA CALIBRATION A1.2.3 DATA QUALITY A1.2.4 DATA FILE FORMATS APPENDIX 1.3 AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM01 CTD DATA, 2001/2002 SEASON DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY A1.3.1 INTRODUCTION A1.3.2 DATA CALIBRATION A1.3.3 DATA QUALITY A1.3.4 DATA FILE FORMATS APPENDIX 1.4. AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLES AM01 AND AM02 MICROCAT DATA DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY PART 2. OCEANOGRAPHIC MOORING DATA 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 INITIAL DATA PROCESSING 2.2.1 General 2.2.2 Microcat and SBE39 2.2.3 Aanderaa RCM's 2.2.4 Moored ADCP 2.3 DATA QUALITY AND FURTHER DATA PROCESSING 2.3.1 Microcat and SBE39 data 2.3.2 Aanderaa RCM data 2.3.3 Moored ADCP data APPENDIX 2.1 MOORING DATA FILE FORMATS REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF FIGURES (see pdf report for figures) PART 1 Figure 1.1: Mooring deployment locations from cruise AU0106, CTD station positions from leg1 on cruise AU0106, and ice shelf borehole sites. Figure 1.2: AU0106 cruise track and CTD station positions. Figure 1.3: AU0207 cruise track and CTD station positions. Figure 1.4a: ADCP 30 minute ensemble data for cruise au0106. Figure 1.4b: ADCP 30 minute ensemble data for cruise au0207. Figure 1.5a: Apparent vertical current shear calculated from uncorrected (i.e. ship speed included) ADCP velocities for cruise au0106. Figure 1.5b: Apparent vertical current shear calculated from uncorrected (i.e. ship speed included) ADCP velocities for cruise au0207. Figure 1.6: Conductivity ratio c(btl)/c(cal) versus station number for cruises au0106 and au0207. The solid line follows the mean of the residuals for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the residuals for each station. 25 Figure 1.7: Salinity residual (s(btl) - s(cal)) versus station number for cruises au0106 and au0207. The solid line is the mean of all the residuals; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of all the residuals. Figure 1.8a: Comparison between CTD platinum temperature and digital and mercury reversing thermometers for cruise au0106. Figure 1.8b: Comparison between CTD platinum temperature and digital reversing thermometers for cruise au0207. Figure 1.9a: Dissolved oxygen residual (o(btl) - o(cal)) versus station number for cruise au0106. The solid line follows the mean residual for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the residuals for each station. Figure 1.9b: Dissolved oxygen residual (o(btl) - o(cal)) versus station number for cruise au0207. The solid line follows the mean residual for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the residuals for each station. Figure 1.10: Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for au0207. APPENDIX 1.2 Figure A1.2.1: Salinity residual (bottle - FSI) for au0106 data, after calibration. Figure A1.2.2: CTD station positions for cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1, and Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02. Figure A1.2.3: Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0106, station 94. Figure A1.2.4: Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0106, station 95. Figure A1.2.5: Difference between GO and FSI CTD temperature data, cruise au0106, stations 94 and 95. Figure A1.2.6: Difference between GO and FSI CTD salinity data, cruise au0106, stations 94 and 95. Figure A1.2.7: Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02 CTD data: downcast temperature data below 300 dbar. Figure A1.2.8: Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM02 CTD data: downcast salinity data below 300 dbar. Figure A1.2.9: Cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 CTD data: downcast temperature data below 300 dbar. Figure A1.2.10: Cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 CTD data: downcast salinity data below 300 dbar. APPENDIX 1.3 Figure A1.3.1: Salinity residual (bottle - FSI) for au0207 data, after application of ship- derived conductivity correction to FSI data. Figure A1.3.2: CTD station positions for cruise au0207, and Amery Ice Shelf boreholes AM01 and AM02 from the 2001/2002 and 2000/2001 seasons respectively. Figure A1.3.3: Comparison of FSI and GO CTD data, cruise au0207, station 54. Figure A1.3.4: Difference between GO and FSI CTD temperature data, cruise au0207, station 54. Figure A1.3.5: Difference between GO and FSI CTD salinity data, cruise au0207, station 54. Figure A1.3.6: Amery Ice Shelf borehole AM01 CTD data: downcast temperature and salinity data below 300 dbar. Figure A1.3.7: Cruise au0207 CTD data: downcast temperature and salinity data below 300 dbar. LIST OF TABLES PART 1 Table 1.1: Summary of cruise itineraries Table 1.2a: Summary of station information for cruise AU0106. All times are UTC. Table 1.2b: Summary of station information for cruise AU0207. All times are UTC. Table 1.3: Summary of mooring deployments and recoveries. Table 1.4: Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water sampling programs. Table 1.5a: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0106. Table 1.5b: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0207. Table 1.6: AMISOR CTD stations sampled for helium, tritium and 18O. Table 1.7: ADCP logging and calibration parameters fro cruises au0106 and au0207. Table 1.8: Site numbers on the main AMISOR CTD transect line (Figure 1.1) where a Shipek sediment grab sample was collected. Table 1.9: Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD's used during the different cruises. Note that platinum temperature calibrations are for the ITS-90 scale. Table 1.10: Surface pressure offsets. ** indicates value estimated from manual inspection of data. Table 1.11: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients. Table 1.12: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3 . N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope and station-dependent correction calibration terms respectively. Table 1.13: CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing. Table 1.14: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files. Table 1.15: 2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values. Table 1.16: Suspect 2 dbar averages. Table 1.17: Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from hydrology data file). Table 1.18: Questionable dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from hydrology data file). Table 1.19: Reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are listed. Table 1.20: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients. APPENDIX 1.2 Table A1.2.1: CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM02 CTD's, and Aurora Australis cruise au0106 FSI calibration CTD's. APPENDIX 1.3 Table A1.3.1: CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM01 CTD's, and Aurora Australis cruise au0207 FSI calibration CTD's. APPENDIX 1.4 Table A1.4.1 Borehole microcat details. PART 2 Table 2.1: Instrument types used on AMISOR moorings. Table 2.2: Summary of mooring details. Note: magdec=average magnetic declination. Table 2.3: Instrument clock errors. Table 2.4: Aanderaa RCM5, 8 and 9 sensor calibration date Table 2.5: CTD stations suitable for comparison with mooring microcat data. Table 2.6: Summary of cautions to mooring instrument data quality. AMERY ICE SHELF EXPERIMENT (AMISOR), MARINE SCIENCE CRUISES AU0106 AND AU0207 - OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS ABSTRACT Oceanographic measurements were conducted in the vicinity of the Amery Ice Shelf on two cruises, during the southern summers of 2000/2001 and 2001/2002. A CTD transect parallel to the front of the Amery Ice Shelf was occupied on both cruises, including repeat occupations on each cruise. A total of 100 CTD vertical profile stations were taken near the ice shelf, most to within 20 m of the bottom, and over 1150 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, helium, tritium, oxygen 18 and biological parameters, using a 12 bottle rosette sampler mounted on either a 24 or 12 bottle frame. On the first cruise, an additional 39 CTD stations were occupied around an experimental krill survey area in the vicinity of Mawson. Additional CTD stations were taken at the end of each cruise for calibration of CTD instrumentation from borehole sites on the Amery Ice Shelf. Near surface current data were collected on both cruises using a ship mounted ADCP. An array of 9 moorings comprising current meters, thermosalinographs and upward looking sonars were deployed along the ice shelf front in February 2001 during the first cruise, and retrieved on the second cruise in February 2002. A summary of all data and data quality is presented in this report. PART 1: OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 1.1. INTRODUCTION The Amery Ice Shelf Oceanographic Research experiment (AMISOR) is comprised of two fieldwork components - the ongoing ice shelf based instrumentation deployments (Craven et al., Antarctic Division data report, in prep.), and the completed ship-based CTD and mooring work (Figure 1.1). This report describes the ship-based component, from the two Antarctic marine science cruises AU0106 and AU0207, conducted aboard the Australian Antarctic Division vessel RSV Aurora Australis. The primary oceanographic aims of the experiment are: • to describe the present distribution, in both space and time, of the melt water from the Amery Ice Shelf cavity, as observed at the front of the ice shelf; • to estimate the thermohaline circulation at the front of the ice shelf; • to estimate the freshwater flux from underneath the ice shelf, and the heat flux into the ice shelf, including the seasonal cycle; • to estimate the role of sea ice on the thermohaline circulation beneath the ice shelf; • to determine appropriate oceanographic initial conditions for forward modelling of the thermohaline circulation beneath the ice shelf. Part 1 of this reports describes the CTD, Niskin bottle, hull mounted ADCP and underway data and data quality. Part 2 describes the mooring data. Data and data quality for the CTD and thermosalinograph measurements made through the borehole on the Amery Ice Shelf are summarised in appendices. AU0106 Cruise AU0106 took place from January to March 2001 (Figure 1.2), commencing the ship-based oceanographic component of AMISOR. The first major consituent of the cruise was a fine scale krill and hydroacoustic survey north of Mawson (principal investigators Graham Hosie, Tim Pauly and Steve Nicol, Australian Antarctic Division). CTD profiles were measured from south to north along 5 transect lines in a box survey area north of Mawson (Figure 1.2). (See Voyage 6 2000/2001 Voyage Leader's report for a summary of the programs and work completed on the cruise). The second major constituent of the cruise was the AMISOR program. CTD profiles were taken at 24 sites with an average spacing of ~5.3 miles along a 115 mile transect parallel to and approximately 2 to 3 miles from the front of the Amery Ice Shelf (Figure 1.2). The transect was occupied twice during an 8 day period. An array of 7 current meter/thermosalinograph moorings was deployed along the CTD transect line. In addition, 2 upward looking sonar (ULS) moorings (principal investigator Ian Allison, Australian Antarctic Division) were deployed, one just north of the centre of the transect line, the other closer to Davis Station (Figure 1.1). CTD profiles were obtained at all mooring locations. AU0207 Cruise AU0207 took place from January to March 2002 (Figure 1.3), completing the ship-based AMISOR work. The AMISOR program was the major marine science component of the cruise. Heavy sea ice conditions made rapid sequential completion of the CTD transect difficult; over a 13 day period all CTD sites were occupied, with repeat measurements at 10 of the sites, and with 2 additional mini transects (Figure 1.3, Table 1.2). All 9 moorings were recovered successfully. 1.2. CRUISE ITINERARIES AND SUMMARIES CTD station details are summarised in Table 1.2; mooring deployment and recovery details are summarised in Table 1.3. Principal investigators for CTD and water sampling measurements are listed in Table 1.4, while cruise participants are listed in Table 1.5. AU0106 The ship departed south from Hobart on January 1st 2001, with a single test CTD en route. Problems with the ship's CTD winch hydraulics, CTD gantry and gantry control made this test cast an extended operation over 2 days, and resulted in damage to several Niskin bottles. After the equipment was fixed and the test CTD successfully completed, the ship continued south en route to the vicinity of Mawson, and the krill survey work commenced north of Mawson. During the course of the trawling and hydroacoustic work, 39 CTD's were completed around the krill survey box, using a 24 bottle rosette. Casts were taken to a maximum pressure of 500 dbar, or to the bottom over bathymetry shallower than this (Table 1.2). After completion of the krill box, and resupply at Mawson, the ship was diverted to assist the MV Polar Bird, beset in sea ice in the vicinity of Casey. The ships met on February 1st, and the Polar Bird was escorted through loosely packed heavy floes out into open water. The Aurora then returned west to Prydz Bay, stopping for trawling work en route; 3 CTD's were taken during a krill swarm experiment northwest of Casey, using a 12 bottle rosette (used for the remainder of the cruise). The planned eastern end of the AMISOR CTD transect was found to lie beneath the Publications Ice Shelf, so the transect commenced at the planned site 2 (Figure 1.1). After completion of the first CTD transect from east to west, the ship retraced the transect line from west to east for collection of underway ADCP data. Mooring work then commenced, with deployments from east to west. The CTD transect was then occupied a second time, from west to east. Lastly, the second ULS mooring at the eastern location towards Davis (Figure 1.1) was deployed. After completion of the oceanography work, intense hydroacoustic work commenced at a location north of Cape Darnley. The ship then visited Davis for resupply, including pickup of the Amery Ice Shelf drilling team and instrumentation. En route north back to Hobart, 2 CTD's were taken for calibration of the CTD used at the borehole location on the ice shelf (Appendix 1.2). AU0207 The ship departed Hobart on January 26th 2002, a delayed departure from the original schedule. Delays to the overall season had been caused by the required diversion of the Aurora earlier in the season to once again assist the MV Polar Bird. The satellite ice images available prior to departure showed persistent heavy sea ice covering much of Prydz Bay, blocking easy access to the experiment area. Indeed the southeastern moorings appeared to be beneath fast ice, and the expectation at the time of sailing was that only some of the CTD work would be possible, and not all of the moorings would be recovered. In the end the delayed departure from Hobart proved to be advantageous, as the last of the mooring sites only became accessible on the last allowable day of marine science work before leaving the Amery Ice Shelf region. En route south from Hobart, 2 test CTD's were done. On approaching the experiment region, the ship broke ice to reach mooring site AMISOR8 (ULS1). Communication was established with the mooring, but there was too much sea ice to attempt recovery. Satellite images showed the western end of the ice shelf to be accessible, so the ship headed for the western end of the CTD transect. CTD sites 24 and 25 (Figure 1.1) were under fast ice, so the section was commenced ~1 mile northeast of site 24. The section was completed as far as site 16, before heavy ice prevented further progress eastwards. The ship returned to site 18 for commencement of a CTD time series station. On the third cast at the site, the entire rosette package was lost during the recovery. Mooring work then commenced, with straightforward recoveries of AMISOR5, AMISOR6 and AMISOR7. CTD work was resumed at the western end of the transect, using a 12 bottle frame, and repeating the line from west to east. After the CTD at site 16, mooring AMISOR4 was recovered, then AMISOR9 (ULS2) site was occupied. Initial communication with the acoustic release indicated the mooring was over 2 miles from the original deployment site. The mooring was tracked to the northwest by repeated communications, until a final location was calculated at 2.082 miles distance on a bearing of 318.5° true from the deployment location, and in water ~85 m deeper. Recovery was not attempted at that time, due to ice conditions. CTD work TABLE 1.1. Summary of cruise itineraries ________________________________________________________________________________________ AU0106 AU0207 ---------------------------------- -------------------------- Expedition Designation AU0106, voyage 6 2000/2001 AU0207, voyage 7 2001/2002 (cruise acronym KACTAS) (cruise acronym LOSS) Chief Scientist Nathan Bindoff (Antarctic CRC) John Church (CSIRO) Graham Hosie (Antarctic Division) Ship RSV Aurora Australis RSV Aurora Australis Ports of Call Hobart Hobart Mawson Davis Polar Bird rendezvous (near Casey) Mawson Davis Cruise Dates January 1 - March 9, 2001 January 26 - March 8, 2002 ________________________________________________________________________________________ resumed at site 15, continuing eastwards until site 8, and with a brief stop at AMISOR3 mooring (recovery not attempted due to ice). CTD site 7 was under fast ice, so a CTD was done ~3.5 miles to the northeast. The ship then left the transect line and headed northeast back to AMISOR8 (ULS1). A CTD was done near the site, then the mooring was recovered, in open water. Next, the ship headed as far south as possible, doing a mini CTD transect of 4 stations on the way (named the "east" transect). Another mini CTD transect of 5 stations was done offshore from the ice shelf, centered at site 15. The AMISOR9 (ULS2) mooring was then relocated and recovered (see Part 2 for details of position change of this mooring). At this stage of the cruise, the difficult sea ice conditions meant that further marine science work was done on an opportunistic basis, alternating with logistical work for the Antarctic bases. Following the recovery of AMISOR9 and then 2 days of helicopter operations, AMISOR3 was reoccupied, but ice conditions remained too heavy for recovery. The ship then went to Davis for resupply work. After Davis, AMISOR3 site was occupied again, but ice still prevented recovery. Later that day, helicopter reconnaissance revealed the site had cleared, so the mooring was revisited and successfully recovered. The ship continued eastwards, and AMISOR2 was recovered. Returning to CTD site 8, the CTD transect was resumed, completing sites 8 to 4. An attempt was then made to reach the final mooring AMISOR1, covered by fast ice up till that time. Within the space of a few hours the ice opened enough to allow the site to be reached and the mooring to be recovered. The CTD transect was then ended by completing sites 3 and 2. Note that access to these last few mooring sites had only been possible with the assistance of helicopter reconnaissance. Following resupply work at Mawson, and en route north back to Hobart, 3 CTD's were done for calibration of the CTD instrument used at the borehole location on the Amery Ice Shelf (Appendix 1.3). 1.3. FIELD DATA COLLECTION METHODS 1.3.1. CTD instrumentation AU0106 General Oceanics Mark IIIC CTD serial 1193, including dissolved oxygen sensor, was used for the entire cruise, mounted on a 24 bottle rosette frame, together with a G.O. model 1015 pylon. For stations 1 to 40, a 24 position pylon was used to accommodate the high vertical density biological sampling from the Niskin bottles; a 12 position pylon was used for the remainder of the cruise (including the AMISOR work). 10 litre G.O. Niskin bottles were used for sample collection. A Benthos altimeter serial 142 was fitted for bottom location, and deep sea reversing thermometers, both mercury (Gohla-Precision) and digital (SIS model RTM4002X), were mounted for checks of CTD temperature calibration. A Sea Tech fluorometer was also mounted on the frame for all casts. For stations 94 and 95 an internally recording FSI 3" MicroCTD, from the borehole work on the ice shelf, was attached to the frame next to the G.O. CTD sensors (see Appendix 1.2). Bottle samples for salinity and dissolved oxygen were taken at all stations, except for stations 94 and 95 where salinity only was sampled. Nutrient samples were collected and frozen for most stations, but were never analysed. Stations where helium/tritium/18O were sampled are listed in Table 1.6. Samples for various biological parameters, including methane, productivity, phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, were collected throughout the cruise, with increased sampling density during the krill survey box work. AU0207 For the first 16 stations of this cruise, the instrumentation used was G.O. CTD serial 1193 (including oxygen sensor) mounted on a 24 bottle frame, together with a 12 position rosette, 12x10 litre Niskin bottles, altimeter serial 142, fluorometer, and digital reversing thermometers. After losing the rosette package during station 16, a new package was assembled and used for the remainder of the cruise, with G.O. CTD serial 2568 (including oxygen sensor) mounted on a 12 bottle frame, together with a spare 12 position rosette, 12x10 litre Niskins, altimeter serial 137, and digital reversing thermometers. No spare fluorometer was available. For stations 53, 54 and 55 the FSI 3" MicroCTD, from the borehole work on the ice shelf, was attached to the frame next to the G.O. CTD sensors (see Appendix 1.3). TABLE 1.2a. Summary of station information for cruise AU0106. All times are UTC. In the station naming, "kbox" is the krill survey box, "leg" refers to the AMISOR transect, and "FSI" is a calibration cast for the FSI MicroCTD. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ START BOTTOM END station depth maxP depth depth number time date latitude longitude (m) (dbar) time latitude longitude (m) altimeter time latitude longitude (m) ---------- ---- --------- --------- --------- ----- ------ ---- --------- ---------- ----- --------- ---- --------- ---------- ----- 1 TEST 0950 9-JAN-01 59:33.61S 98:37.34E 4400 3000 1059 59:33.79S 98:37.13E - - 1231 59:34.15S 98:36.83E 4400 2 kbox 1518 14-JAN-01 66:59.95S 64:30.04E 185 182 1531 66:59.89S 64:29.74E 184 14.0 1559 66:59.63S 64:29.56E 177 3 kbox 1907 14-JAN-01 66:52.01S 64:29.72E 438 430 1923 66:52.00S 64:29.57E 435 13.2 1955 66:52.05S 64:29.35E 426 4 kbox 2242 14-JAN-01 66:47.10S 64:29.77E - 502 2252 66:47.14S 64:29.56E - - 2334 66:47.08S 64:28.99E - 5 kbox 0248 15-JAN-01 66:39.96S 64:30.12E - 502 0301 66:39.90S 64:29.90E - - 0340 66:39.50S 64:29.08E - 6 kbox 0717 15-JAN-01 66:30.01S 64:29.94E - 504 0731 66:30.01S 64:29.80E - - 0816 66:30.11S 64:29.25E - 7 kbox 1202 15-JAN-01 66:20.07S 64:30.35E - 504 1213 66:20.07S 64:30.37E - - 1249 66:20.09S 64:29.94E - 8 kbox 1618 15-JAN-01 66:10.04S 64:30.18E - 504 1627 66:10.02S 64:30.21E - - 1700 66:09.97S 64:29.83E - 9 kbox 1955 15-JAN-01 65:59.91S 64:29.80E - 504 2007 65:59.80S 64:29.59E - - 2052 65:59.73S 64:28.75E - 10 kbox 0908 16-JAN-01 66:59.97S 64:04.38E 143 146 0915 66:59.97S 64:04.35E 148 10.0 0938 66:59.80S 64:04.38E 143 11 kbox 1215 16-JAN-01 66:50.17S 64:04.17E 366 366 1225 66:50.14S 64:04.14E 367 10.0 1259 66:50.14S 64:03.54E 363 12 kbox 1633 16-JAN-01 66:44.76S 64:04.27E - 502 1647 66:44.72S 64:04.03E - - 1723 66:44.54S 64:03.39E - 13 kbox 1931 16-JAN-01 66:40.06S 64:04.42E - 502 1945 66:39.97S 64:04.35E - - 2018 66:39.75S 64:04.14E - 14 kbox 2304 16-JAN-01 66:30.05S 64:04.46E - 502 2318 66:30.05S 64:04.69E - - 2346 66:29.92S 64:04.86E - 15 kbox 0232 17-JAN-01 66:20.08S 64:04.44E - 502 0244 66:19.99S 64:04.51E - - 0315 66:19.87S 64:04.92E - 16 kbox 0628 17-JAN-01 66:10.03S 64:04.44E - 500 0640 66:10.02S 64:04.57E - - 0714 66:09.96S 64:04.06E - 17 kbox 1014 17-JAN-01 66:00.01S 64:04.62E - 502 1029 66:00.01S 64:04.63E - - 1104 65:59.85S 64:04.69E - 18 kbox 2119 17-JAN-01 67:00.21S 63:39.13E 134 128 2125 67:00.23S 63:38.97E 132 11.4 2141 67:00.35S 63:38.83E 129 19 kbox 0003 18-JAN-01 66:49.98S 63:38.71E 254 242 0011 66:50.02S 63:38.65E 252 19.7 0038 66:49.98S 63:38.68E 255 20 kbox 0301 18-JAN-01 66:44.53S 63:38.77E 545 500 0313 66:44.49S 63:38.52E - 62.1 0345 66:44.43S 63:38.52E - 21 kbox 0652 18-JAN-01 66:38.41S 63:38.43E - 500 0705 66:38.34S 63:38.18E - - 0742 66:38.37S 63:38.04E - 22 kbox 1046 18-JAN-01 66:30.03S 63:38.43E - 502 1105 66:30.31S 63:38.13E - - 1139 66:30.55S 63:37.57E - 23 kbox 1438 18-JAN-01 66:19.98S 63:38.71E - 500 1450 66:19.95S 63:38.68E - - 1524 66:20.14S 63:38.73E - 24 kbox 1856 18-JAN-01 66:10.06S 63:38.65E - 500 1921 66:10.33S 63:37.97E - - 1951 66:10.47S 63:37.93E - 25 kbox 2235 18-JAN-01 66:00.18S 63:38.66E - 502 2247 66:00.16S 63:38.57E - - 2316 66:00.25S 63:38.62E - 26 kbox 0839 19-JAN-01 66:59.44S 63:13.68E 115 112 0846 66:59.52S 63:13.55E - 12.0 0907 66:59.70S 63:13.00E 115 27 kbox 1112 19-JAN-01 66:50.11S 63:12.99E 405 412 1125 66:50.19S 63:12.96E 410 6.0 1156 66:50.31S 63:13.26E 407 28 kbox 1503 19-JAN-01 66:42.98S 63:12.85E - 502 1517 66:42.97S 63:12.63E - - 1550 66:42.84S 63:11.91E - 29 kbox 1755 19-JAN-01 66:36.95S 63:13.06E - 502 1806 66:36.98S 63:12.84E - - 1839 66:37.08S 63:12.14E - 30 kbox 2155 19-JAN-01 66:29.89S 63:13.27E - 502 2208 66:29.88S 63:13.22E - - 2242 66:29.94S 63:13.27E - 31 kbox 0121 20-JAN-01 66:20.14S 63:13.27E - 502 0132 66:20.18S 63:13.29E - - 0201 66:20.29S 63:13.35E - 32 kbox 0444 20-JAN-01 66:10.07S 63:13.23E - 500 0456 66:10.10S 63:13.32E - - 0523 66:10.17S 63:13.08E - 33 kbox 0902 20-JAN-01 65:59.92S 63:14.19E - 502 0917 65:59.88S 63:14.15E - - 0954 65:59.82S 63:13.68E - 37 kbox 0821 21-JAN-01 66:29.99S 62:47.51E - 502 0835 66:30.01S 62:47.44E - - 0909 66:30.18S 62:47.16E - 38 kbox 1203 21-JAN-01 66:20.06S 62:47.53E - 502 1216 66:20.02S 62:47.40E - - 1249 66:20.07S 62:47.58E - 39 kbox 1555 21-JAN-01 66:10.05S 62:47.46E - 500 1608 66:10.05S 62:47.46E - - 1642 66:10.18S 62:46.93E - 40 kbox 1922 21-JAN-01 66:00.13S 62:47.59E - 502 1936 66:00.10S 62:47.46E - - 2010 66:00.13S 62:47.97E - 41 swarm 0932 5-FEB-01 63:45.72S 105:20.49E - 200 0939 63:45.72S 105:20.56E - - 1003 63:45.81S 105:20.83E - 42 swarm 1100 5-FEB-01 63:45.69S 105:18.20E - 200 1107 63:45.73S 105:18.17E - - 1131 63:45.78S 105:17.91E - 43 swarm 1252 5-FEB-01 63:45.63S 105:12.79E - 200 1301 63:45.71S 105:12.80E - - 1323 63:45.77S 105:12.81E - 44 leg1.2 0611 13-FEB-01 69:25.86S 74:47.91E 314 304 0623 69:25.90S 74:47.86E 309 14.7 0644 69:25.85S 74:47.86E 311 45 leg1.3 0853 13-FEB-01 69:21.90S 74:37.24E 758 756 0912 69:21.93S 74:36.89E 760 14.5 0949 69:21.95S 74:36.36E 757 46 leg1.4 1139 13-FEB-01 69:18.90S 74:27.28E 776 772 1158 69:18.94S 74:27.12E 778 14.3 1233 69:19.20S 74:26.63E 775 47 leg1.5 1317 13-FEB-01 69:15.36S 74:16.48E 764 758 1337 69:15.28S 74:16.70E 764 14.9 1412 69:15.28S 74:16.84E 765 48 leg1.6 1527 13-FEB-01 69:11.94S 74:05.82E 670 662 1545 69:11.71S 74:05.53E 670 14.9 1615 69:11.44S 74:05.81E 670 49 leg1.7 1737 13-FEB-01 69:06.00S 73:57.25E 717 716 1755 69:06.08S 73:57.45E 719 9.8 1828 69:06.25S 73:57.63E 718 50 leg1.8 2019 13-FEB-01 69:02.29S 73:48.93E 701 700 2040 69:02.33S 73:48.90E 701 9.1 2107 69:02.32S 73:48.86E 702 51 leg1.9 2220 13-FEB-01 68:57.25S 73:41.29E 727 740 2242 68:57.14S 73:41.12E 736 8.6 2310 68:57.03S 73:41.16E 737 52 leg1.10 0201 14-FEB-01 68:52.47S 73:33.21E 765 770 0219 68:52.36S 73:32.84E 771 11.3 0254 68:52.33S 73:32.12E 771 53 leg1.11 0415 14-FEB-01 68:49.06S 73:20.44E 785 786 0436 68:48.93S 73:19.68E 787 10.0 0512 68:48.72S 73:19.24E 785 54 leg1.12 0635 14-FEB-01 68:45.53S 73:08.12E 791 780 0656 68:45.34S 73:07.30E 781 12.6 0726 68:45.14S 73:06.60E 774 55 leg1.13 0830 14-FEB-01 68:42.04S 72:54.80E 704 706 0850 68:42.00S 72:53.73E 710 13.0 0919 68:42.15S 72:52.69E 715 56 leg1.14 1004 14-FEB-01 68:39.04S 72:43.50E 525 516 1015 68:38.95S 72:43.29E 522 11.5 1041 68:38.93S 72:42.88E 518 57 ULS2 1312 14-FEB-01 68:33.71S 72:42.18E 545 544 1327 68:33.62S 72:41.98E 551 10.6 1358 68:33.63S 72:41.34E 562 58 leg1.15 1518 14-FEB-01 68:35.48S 72:29.32E 521 516 1532 68:35.48S 72:29.00E 518 13.0 1559 68:35.43S 72:28.75E 522 59 leg1.16 1642 14-FEB-01 68:35.20S 72:13.69E 491 482 1655 68:35.18S 72:13.69E 490 15.0 1721 68:34.98S 72:13.59E 497 60 leg1.17 1859 14-FEB-01 68:34.98S 71:56.19E 444 442 1913 68:34.99S 71:55.78E 446 11.8 1944 68:34.97S 71:55.12E 442 61 leg1.18 2143 14-FEB-01 68:34.71S 71:39.64E 459 472 2158 68:34.68S 71:39.07E 477 14.8 2230 68:34.82S 71:38.82E 469 62 leg1.19 2344 14-FEB-01 68:33.40S 71:23.57E 405 446 2358 68:33.43S 71:23.30E 426 12.7 0026 68:33.45S 71:22.57E 519 63 leg1.20 0154 15-FEB-01 68:31.92S 71:06.16E 629 646 0214 68:31.88S 71:05.38E 646 13.0 0248 68:31.89S 71:04.50E 660 64 leg1.21 0514 15-FEB-01 68:30.78S 70:51.61E 763 762 0532 68:30.78S 70:51.07E 764 14.9 0602 68:30.91S 70:50.52E 753 65 leg1.22 0656 15-FEB-01 68:30.05S 70:38.72E 891 888 0717 68:30.03S 70:38.37E 895 14.6 0751 68:30.08S 70:37.97E 900 66 leg1.23 1146 15-FEB-01 68:29.53S 70:25.87E 1103 1108 1211 68:29.49S 70:25.96E 1105 11.8 1248 68:29.47S 70:26.01E 1099 67 leg1.24 1504 15-FEB-01 68:28.39S 70:15.04E 327 308 1517 68:28.35S 70:15.00E 317 12.7 1541 68:28.47S 70:14.94E 340 68 leg1.25 1647 15-FEB-01 68:28.63S 70:10.27E 279 244 1657 68:28.65S 70:10.13E 251 13.5 1717 68:28.62S 70:10.10E 249 69 leg2.25 1336 18-FEB-01 68:28.46S 70:10.31E 321 290 1351 68:28.38S 70:10.18E 291 6.3 1414 68:28.21S 70:10.14E 302 70 leg2.24 1509 18-FEB-01 68:28.50S 70:14.49E 307 310 1518 68:28.54S 70:14.47E 323 10.0 1542 68:28.51S 70:14.74E 325 71 leg2.23 1742 18-FEB-01 68:30.07S 70:22.17E 1110 1122 1809 68:30.01S 70:22.17E 1110 10.5 1843 68:30.22S 70:22.13E 1090 72 leg2.22 1959 18-FEB-01 68:30.12S 70:38.70E 893 896 2022 68:30.03S 70:38.38E 896 8.4 2051 68:29.89S 70:37.95E 900 73 leg2.21 2211 18-FEB-01 68:30.31S 70:48.07E 767 756 2231 68:30.25S 70:47.64E 763 14.1 2305 68:30.14S 70:47.22E 778 74 leg2.20 0028 19-FEB-01 68:32.14S 71:07.80E 597 596 0047 68:32.15S 71:06.97E 597 14.0 0116 68:32.18S 71:06.32E 594 75 leg2.19 0231 19-FEB-01 68:33.41S 71:23.82E 392 444 0245 68:33.34S 71:23.52E 442 17.8 0312 68:33.15S 71:23.10E 539 76 leg2.18 0429 19-FEB-01 68:34.93S 71:35.49E 485 474 0444 68:34.91S 71:35.16E 485 15.5 0502 68:34.91S 71:34.96E 485 77 leg2.17 0652 19-FEB-01 68:34.93S 71:56.55E 441 438 0704 68:34.91S 71:56.32E 444 15.2 0728 68:34.98S 71:56.25E 445 78 leg2.16 0846 19-FEB-01 68:35.18S 72:12.91E 503 496 0859 68:35.14S 72:12.58E 505 14.8 0924 68:35.04S 72:12.09E 496 79 leg2.15 1107 19-FEB-01 68:35.29S 72:25.94E 496 488 1120 68:35.29S 72:25.03E 495 12.9 1144 68:35.34S 72:23.88E 497 80 leg2.14 1322 19-FEB-01 68:38.74S 72:42.62E 511 490 1335 68:38.57S 72:41.95E 499 12.3 1401 68:38.43S 72:40.73E 483 81 leg2.13 1531 19-FEB-01 68:42.54S 72:54.63E 708 702 1548 68:42.52S 72:54.10E 710 14.5 1619 68:42.46S 72:53.58E 714 82 leg2.12 1744 19-FEB-01 68:45.71S 73:08.57E 799 796 1805 68:45.73S 73:08.63E 800 13.0 1837 68:45.73S 73:08.97E 803 83 leg2.11 2036 19-FEB-01 68:49.67S 73:18.12E 791 784 2055 68:49.72S 73:18.28E 790 13.0 2126 68:49.80S 73:18.79E 774 84 leg2.10 2237 19-FEB-01 68:52.49S 73:29.98E 777 776 2300 68:52.41S 73:29.98E 775 11.0 2329 68:52.36S 73:30.41E 778 85 leg2.9 0102 20-FEB-01 68:58.44S 73:43.33E 738 736 0122 68:58.26S 73:43.29E 736 6.4 0151 68:58.11S 73:43.41E 734 86 leg2.8 0302 20-FEB-01 69:02.29S 73:49.35E 700 694 0323 69:02.20S 73:49.11E 701 13.5 0349 69:02.13S 73:49.14E 698 87 leg2.7 0507 20-FEB-01 69:07.05S 73:57.83E 713 706 0524 69:06.99S 73:57.78E 713 15.0 0554 69:06.76S 73:57.92E 715 88 leg2.6 0808 20-FEB-01 69:11.79S 74:02.98E 665 662 0824 69:11.77S 74:02.68E 669 10.1 0849 69:11.61S 74:02.43E 675 89 leg2.5 1006 20-FEB-01 69:15.57S 74:16.20E 760 754 1023 69:15.54S 74:15.88E 759 11.9 1051 69:15.39S 74:15.22E 754 90 leg2.4 1245 20-FEB-01 69:18.53S 74:27.24E 774 770 1302 69:18.40S 74:27.04E 776 15.1 1334 69:18.37S 74:27.12E 777 91 leg2.3 1436 20-FEB-01 69:21.44S 74:34.72E 768 762 1453 69:21.39S 74:34.57E 768 14.5 1525 69:21.24S 74:34.18E 768 92 leg2.2 1842 20-FEB-01 69:25.83S 74:47.21E 291 286 1850 69:25.82S 74:47.14E 293 10.8 1916 69:25.73S 74:46.79E 296 93 ULS1 0126 21-FEB-01 69:00.05S 75:18.49E 719 710 0150 69:00.05S 75:18.45E 718 15.4 0215 69:00.07S 75:18.74E 719 94 FSI 0243 28-FEB-01 65:09.66S 84:33.73E - 702 0302 65:09.67S 84:33.77E - - 0331 65:09.78S 84:33.75E - 95 FSI 0412 28-FEB-01 65:09.68S 84:33.96E - 2002 0454 65:09.70S 84:33.96E - - 0545 65:09.82S 84:33.75E - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.2b. Summary of station information for cruise AU0207. All times are UTC. In the station naming, "leg" refers to the main AMISOR transect, while "east" and "t" are the two mini transects. "FSI" is a calibration cast for the FSI MicroCTD. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ START BOTTOM END station depth maxP depth depth number time date latitude longitude (m) (dbar) time latitude longitude (m) altimeter time latitude longitude (m) --------- ---- --------- --------- --------- ----- ------ ---- --------- ---------- ----- --------- ---- --------- --------- ----- 1 TEST 2248 27-JAN-02 47:11.23S 138:14.91E 3700 500 2309 47:11.35S 138:14.59E - - 2317 47:11.44S 138:14.47E - 2 TEST 0249 28-JAN-02 47:29.50S 137:25.89E 3800 3002 0352 47:29.82S 137:25.83E - - 0459 47:30.21S 137:26.37E - 3 leg1.23a 0204 9-FEB-02 68:27.58S 70:16.27E 380 352 0215 68:27.58S 70:16.20E 358 - 0247 68:27.84S 70:16.57E 379 4 leg1.23 0416 9-FEB-02 68:29.11S 70:20.85E 1138 1152 0439 68:29.11S 70:21.34E 1151 15.0 0522 68:29.05S 70:22.17E 1150 5 leg1.22 0722 9-FEB-02 68:30.24S 70:39.12E 886 884 0745 68:30.28S 70:39.18E 885 14.5 0822 68:30.25S 70:39.00E 887 6 leg1.21 1013 9-FEB-02 68:30.34S 70:47.86E 756 750 1039 68:30.37S 70:47.68E 752 13.6 1105 68:30.42S 70:47.26E 750 7 leg1.20 1257 9-FEB-02 68:32.16S 71:08.17E 593 592 1311 68:32.18S 71:08.14E 594 14.1 1340 68:32.09S 71:07.84E 603 8 leg1.19 1500 9-FEB-02 68:33.48S 71:23.95E 379 384 1510 68:33.40S 71:23.82E 389 14.9 1536 68:33.31S 71:23.35E - 9 leg1.18 1639 9-FEB-02 68:34.80S 71:36.06E 484 482 1651 68:34.72S 71:35.74E 485 13.9 1719 68:34.72S 71:35.23E 480 10leg1.17a 1834 9-FEB-02 68:32.68S 71:56.71E 434 428 1848 68:32.59S 71:56.59E 433 15.0 1923 68:32.50S 71:56.64E 430 11 leg1.16 2032 9-FEB-02 68:35.11S 72:13.54E 494 486 2048 68:34.99S 72:13.60E 492 16.9 2119 68:34.78S 72:13.65E 496 12 leg1.17 0137 10-FEB-02 68:34.87S 71:56.62E 439 442 0151 68:34.87S 71:56.34E 440 11.5 0224 68:34.89S 71:56.19E 442 13 leg1.17 0402 10-FEB-02 68:34.72S 71:56.77E 442 428 0419 68:34.59S 71:56.65E 437 20.0 0448 68:34.56S 71:56.38E 437 14 leg1.18 0723 10-FEB-02 68:34.68S 71:36.18E 485 480 0736 68:34.66S 71:36.04E 485 11.5 0750 68:34.68S 71:36.03E 484 15 leg1.18 0837 10-FEB-02 68:34.81S 71:36.41E 485 474 0851 68:34.87S 71:36.52E 483 14.3 0904 68:34.84S 71:36.48E 481 16 leg1.18 0936 10-FEB-02 68:34.90S 71:36.52E 482 472 0950 68:34.87S 71:36.70E 481 10.0 1002 68:34.83S 71:36.82E 478 17leg2.23a 1530 11-FEB-02 68:27.67S 70:17.01E 423 498 1545 68:27.64S 70:17.21E 446 13.8 1615 68:27.61S 70:17.37E 467 18 leg2.23 1731 11-FEB-02 68:28.50S 70:19.84E 755 712 1751 68:28.45S 70:19.77E 733 - 1820 68:28.39S 70:19.70E 695 19 leg2.22 1931 11-FEB-02 68:30.13S 70:39.21E 887 878 1950 68:30.06S 70:39.18E 881 20.7 2026 68:30.01S 70:38.34E 893 20 leg2.21 2120 11-FEB-02 68:30.30S 70:48.64E 769 772 2149 68:30.07S 70:48.64E 775 14.4 2225 68:30.00S 70:47.68E 774 21 leg2.20 2349 11-FEB-02 68:32.14S 71:08.62E 591 590 0005 68:32.09S 71:08.41E - 20.0 0036 68:31.99S 71:07.30E 608 22 leg2.19 0134 12-FEB-02 68:33.40S 71:24.13E 391 388 0145 68:33.34S 71:23.95E 400 20.1 0208 68:33.28S 71:23.68E 438 23 leg2.18 0259 12-FEB-02 68:34.77S 71:36.36E 480 474 0313 68:34.81S 71:36.04E - 20.0 0342 68:34.74S 71:35.95E 486 24 leg2.17 0454 12-FEB-02 68:34.93S 71:56.97E 439 434 0506 68:34.93S 71:57.07E 436 14.5 0531 68:35.11S 71:57.09E 435 25 leg2.16 0717 12-FEB-02 68:35.28S 72:12.93E 498 500 0730 68:35.23S 72:12.85E 501 11.0 0750 68:35.14S 72:12.81E 500 26 leg2.15 1529 12-FEB-02 68:35.04S 72:27.36E 500 494 1542 68:35.02S 72:27.46E 502 13.7 1609 68:34.99S 72:27.76E 500 27 leg2.14 1729 12-FEB-02 68:38.82S 72:43.27E 510 500 1744 68:38.80S 72:43.20E - 20.0 1812 68:38.86S 72:42.82E 510 28 leg2.13 1911 12-FEB-02 68:42.28S 72:55.63E 697 690 1931 68:42.16S 72:55.36E 700 20.5 1959 68:42.10S 72:54.61E 703 29 leg2.12 2148 12-FEB-02 68:45.40S 73:08.50E 788 780 2207 68:45.30S 73:08.25E - 20.0 2237 68:45.19S 73:07.66E 782 30 - 2349 12-FEB-02 68:49.09S 73:21.19E 764 780 0005 68:49.03S 73:20.89E 781 22.2 0039 68:48.82S 73:20.55E 784 31 leg2.10 0315 13-FEB-02 68:52.12S 73:29.62E 774 770 0332 68:52.05S 73:29.26E - 20.0 0406 68:51.96S 73:28.66E 778 32 leg2.11 0714 13-FEB-02 68:49.06S 73:20.85E 779 772 0730 68:49.02S 73:20.74E 778 18.6 0802 68:48.78S 73:20.56E 783 33 leg2.9 1220 13-FEB-02 68:57.07S 73:39.63E 733 736 1235 68:57.01S 73:39.43E 737 13.2 1307 68:57.00S 73:39.04E 743 34 leg2.8 1504 13-FEB-02 69:02.52S 73:49.81E 696 692 1518 69:02.53S 73:49.83E 696 13.7 1547 69:02.44S 73:49.63E 696 35 leg2.7a 1821 13-FEB-02 69:05.17S 74:07.63E 674 666 1839 69:05.17S 74:07.59E - 20.0 1909 69:05.22S 74:07.51E 674 36 ULS1 0741 14-FEB-02 68:59.35S 75:19.57E 707 704 0756 68:59.40S 75:19.42E 707 13.4 0824 68:59.55S 75:19.09E 709 37 east1 1130 14-FEB-02 69:04.84S 74:53.28E 782 780 1148 69:04.78S 74:52.86E 783 13.4 1219 69:04.77S 74:52.81E 781 38 east2 1454 14-FEB-02 69:10.44S 75:03.85E 746 744 1511 69:10.39S 75:03.88E 745 13.5 1539 69:10.33S 75:03.69E 747 39 east3 1732 14-FEB-02 69:17.23S 75:14.05E 721 724 1750 69:17.26S 75:13.83E 740 19.2 1822 69:17.20S 75:13.54E 748 40 east4 1948 14-FEB-02 69:18.28S 75:21.84E 628 624 2004 69:18.20S 75:21.87E 632 20.0 2033 69:18.12S 75:21.52E 631 41 t1 1843 15-FEB-02 68:37.50S 72:22.15E 486 478 1854 68:37.50S 72:22.27E 488 20.0 1923 68:37.62S 72:22.12E 490 42 t2 2013 15-FEB-02 68:36.30S 72:24.60E 478 470 2027 68:36.27S 72:24.60E 478 20.0 2051 68:36.18S 72:24.70E 479 43 t3 2137 15-FEB-02 68:35.14S 72:26.52E 494 484 2150 68:35.11S 72:26.38E 493 19.8 2216 68:35.04S 72:26.14E 494 44 t4 0010 16-FEB-02 68:33.97S 72:29.14E 519 506 0022 68:33.91S 72:28.84E 514 18.5 0050 68:33.75S 72:28.11E 510 45 t5 0143 16-FEB-02 68:32.77S 72:32.16E 584 572 0157 68:32.71S 72:31.83E 579 20.5 0225 68:32.59S 72:31.17E 564 46 leg3.8 1714 21-FEB-02 69:02.23S 73:48.79E 695 692 1733 69:02.10S 73:48.55E 700 18.7 1806 69:01.92S 73:48.22E 702 47 leg3.7 1923 21-FEB-02 69:07.21S 73:57.30E 710 702 1940 69:07.17S 73:57.31E 710 18.9 2012 69:07.06S 73:57.49E 710 48 leg3.6 2129 21-FEB-02 69:12.00S 74:02.23E 668 662 2145 69:11.89S 74:02.09E 672 20.3 2215 69:11.79S 74:02.14E 672 49 leg3.5 2326 21-FEB-02 69:15.52S 74:16.37E 756 750 2344 69:15.39S 74:16.28E - 19.7 0014 69:15.24S 74:16.09E 757 50 leg3.4 0201 22-FEB-02 69:18.70S 74:25.93E 773 766 0217 69:18.64S 74:25.69E 772 19.0 0242 69:18.61S 74:25.35E 774 51 leg3.3 0756 22-FEB-02 69:21.93S 74:34.02E 768 766 0813 69:21.96S 74:34.06E 768 14.0 0845 69:22.05S 74:34.15E 772 52 leg3.2 1000 22-FEB-02 69:25.89S 74:48.10E 321 332 1009 69:25.90S 74:48.12E 329 28.4 1027 69:25.92S 74:48.10E 327 53 FSI 0152 27-FEB-02 64:41.05S 73:01.27E 3490 2004 0228 64:41.11S 73:00.52E 3490 - 0335 64:41.02S 72:58.93E - 54 FSI 0527 27-FEB-02 64:33.13S 73:36.04E 3500 2004 0612 64:33.13S 73:35.31E - - 0702 64:33.24S 73:34.66E - 55 FSI 0739 27-FEB-02 64:32.41S 73:32.58E 3500 1504 0811 64:32.46S 73:32.25E - - 0857 64:32.29S 73:31.63E - _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.3: Summary of mooring deployments and recoveries. Note: for deployments, "release time" is the time final component released from trawl deck; for recoveries, "release time" is the time release command was sent to acoustic release at the base of the mooring. Also note, AMISOR9 was dragged by an iceberg on 07/05/2001 (see Part 2). _________________________________________________________________________ DEPLOYMENTS Mooring position depth release time (UTC) ------------- -------------------------- ------- ------------------- AMISOR1 69° 22.014'S 74° 38.153'E 750 m 13:13:29 16/02/2001 AMISOR2 69° 12.001'S 74° 05.962'E 672 m 16:06:40 16/02/2001 AMISOR3 68° 52.386'S 73° 33.310'E 768 m 05:44:00 17/02/2001 AMISOR4 68° 35.314'S 72° 30.236'E 538 m 12:47:59 17/02/2001 AMISOR5 68° 34.840'S 71° 39.816'E 472 m 15:46:19 17/02/2001 AMISOR6 68° 30.330'S 70° 51.770'E 786 m 04:23:15 18/02/2001 AMISOR7 68° 28.659'S 70° 23.118'E 1135 m 09:44:32 18/02/2001 AMISOR8(ULS1) 69° 00.020'S 75° 18.680'E 717 m 04:17:35 21/02/2001 AMISOR9(ULS2) 68° 33.693'S 72° 42.297'E 544 m 09:04:21 17/02/2001 RECOVERIES Mooring position depth release time (UTC) ------------- -------------------------- ------- ------------------- AMISOR1 69° 22.014'S 74° 38.153'E 750 m 0600, 22/02/2002 AMISOR2 69° 12.001'S 74° 05.962'E 672 m 1208, 21/02/2002 AMISOR3 68° 52.386'S 73° 33.310'E 768 m 0748, 21/02/2002 AMISOR4 68° 35.314'S 72° 30.236'E 538 m 0903, 12/02/2002 AMISOR5 68° 34.840'S 71° 39.816'E 472 m 2355, 10/02/2002 AMISOR6 68° 30.330'S 70° 51.770'E 786 m 0440, 11/02/2002 AMISOR7 68° 28.659'S 70° 23.118'E 1135 m 0742, 11/02/2002 AMISOR8(ULS1) 69° 00.020'S 75° 18.680'E 717 m 0854, 14/02/2002 AMISOR9(ULS2) 68° 32.135'S 72° 38.536'E 629 m 0508, 16/02/2002 _________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.4. Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water sampling programs. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Measurement name affiliation ----------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------- AU0106 CTD, salinity, O2, nutrients *Nathan Bindoff Antarctic CRC Helium, tritium, (^18)O Peter Schlosser Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA Biological sampling Simon Wright and Antarctic Division Harvey Marchant Methane *Tsuneo Odate National Institute of Polar Research, Japan AU0207 CTD, salinity, O2, nutrients Nathan Bindoff Antarctic CRC Helium, tritium, (^18)O Peter Schlosser Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA Biological sampling Simon Wright Antarctic Division ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.5a. Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0106. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nathan Bindoff CTD Antarctic CRC Clodagh Curran Hydrology, CTD Antarctic CRC Sarah Howe Hydrology, CTD Antarctic CRC John Hunter CTD Antarctic CRC Ian Helmond CTD, moorings CSIRO Mark Rosenberg CTD, moorings Antarctic CRC Stevie Davenport krill, moorings, CTD Antarctic Division Liz Foster krill, CTD Antarctic Division Graham Hosie krill, voyage leader Antarctic Division Lyn Irvine Mawson, krill Antarctic Division John Kitchener krill Antarctic Division Mark Schultz krill, CTD Antarctic Division Patti Virtue krill, CTD Antarctic CRC Tim Lancaster hydroacoustics Antarctic Division Tim Pauly hydroacoustics Antarctic Division David Wanless hydroacoustics Antarctic Division Esmee van Wijk hydroacoustics Antarctic Division Akira Ishikawa biological sampling Antarctic Division Chad Marshall Davis, biological sampling Antarctic Division Karen Westwood biological sampling Antarctic Division Tsuneo Odate methane National Institute of Polar Research, Japan Osamu Yoshida methane National Institute of Polar Research, Japan Ari Friedlaender whales Duke University, USA Paul Hodda whales Ocean Research Foundation Brett Jarret whales Ocean Research Foundation Vic Peddemors whales Ocean Research Foundation Helen Achurch birds Antarctic Division Ben Sullivan birds Antarctic Division Andrew Cawthorn gear officer Antarctic Division Helen Cooley doctor Antarctic Division Ruth Lawless dotzapper Antarctic Division Andrew McEldowney gear officer, deputy voyage leader Antarctic Division Bryan Scott computing Antarctic Division Tim Shaw electronics Antarctic Division Tony Veness electronics Antarctic Division ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.5b. Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0207. ________________________________________________________________________________________ John Church CTD CSIRO Clodagh Curran Hydrology Antarctic CRC John Hunter CTD Antarctic CRC Kevin Miller CTD, moorings CSIRO Lindsay Pender hydrology, moorings CSIRO Mark Rosenberg CTD, moorings Antarctic CRC Marijke de Boer whales Ocean Research Foundation Karen Evans whales Ocean Research Foundation Paul Hodda whales Ocean Research Foundation Julie Oswald whale hydroacoustics Scripps Institution of Oceanography Eduardo Secchi whales Ocean Research Foundation Kate Stafford whale hydroacoustics NOAA, USA Debra Glasgow artist Antarctic Division Lisa Roberts artist Antarctic Division Fred Alonzo trawling Antarctic CRC Brian Hunt trawling Antarctic Division Trevor Bailey lab manager, biological sampling Antarctic Division Kelvin Cope electronics Antarctic Division Rob Easther voyage leader Antarctic Division Gerry Nash CTD, deputy voyage leader Antarctic Division Graeme Snow radio officer Antarctic Division Peter Wiley computing Antarctic Division Ken Wilson doctor Antarctic Division Muhammad Lukman biological sampling BPPT (Indonesia) Agus Supangat biological sampling BPPT (Indonesia) ________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.6. AMISOR CTD stations sampled for helium, tritium and (^18)O, where 1 = sampled and 0 = not sampled. _________________________________________________________________________ AU0106 AU0207 station helium tritium (^18)O station helium tritium (^18)O -------- ------ ------- ------ --------- ------ ------- ------ leg 1.2 0 0 1 leg 1.23a 1 1 1 leg 1.3 1 1 1 leg 1.23 1 1 1 leg 1.4 0 0 1 leg 1.22 1 1 1 leg 1.5 0 0 1 leg 1.21 1 1 1 leg 1.6 1 1 1 leg 1.20 1 1 1 leg 1.7 0 0 1 leg 1.19 1 1 1 leg 1.8 0 0 1 leg 1.18 1 1 1 leg 1.9 1 1 1 leg 1.17 1 1 1 leg 1.10 0 0 1 leg 1.16 1 1 1 leg 1.11 0 0 1 leg 2.15 1 1 1 leg 1.12 1 1 1 leg 2.14 1 1 1 leg 1.13 0 0 1 leg 2.13 1 1 1 leg 1.14 1 1 1 leg 2.12 1 1 1 leg 1.15 0 0 1 leg 2.11 1 1 1 leg 1.16 1 1 1 leg 2.10 1 1 1 leg 1.17 0 0 1 leg 2.9 1 1 1 leg 1.18 1 1 1 leg 2.8 1 1 1 leg 1.19 0 0 1 leg 2.7a 1 1 1 leg 1.20 0 0 1 east 1 1 1 1 leg 1.21 0 0 1 east 2 1 1 1 leg 1.22 1 1 1 east 3 1 1 1 leg 1.23 1 1 1 east 4 1 1 1 leg 1.24 1 1 1 leg 1.25 0 0 1 ________________________________________________________________________ Station 1 was a test cast only, with no Niskin bottles or frame. Bottle samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients were collected on all remaining stations, except for stations 36, 53, 54, and 55, where salinity only was sampled. Nutrient samples were frozen and analysed back in Hobart. Stations where helium/tritium/(^18)O were sampled are listed in Table 1.6. Samples for various biological parameters were collected throughout the cruise. CTD Sensor calibrations Pre cruise pressure, platinum temperature and pressure temperature calibrations (October 2000 for AU0106, October 2001 for AU0207) were performed at the CSIRO Division of Marine Research calibration facility (Table 1.9). For AU0106 an old Antarctic Division calibration (from 1996) was used to scale the fluorometer data. For AU0207, a new shipboard calibration obtained in November 2001 (Table 1.9) was used to scale the fluorometer data for stations 1 to 16. Complete conductivity and dissolved oxygen calibration results for both cruises, derived from in situ Niskin bottle samples, are listed later in this report. Hydrology laboratory methods are discussed in Appendix 1.1. Full details of CTD data processing and calibration techniques can be found in Appendix 2 of Rosenberg et al. (1995), with the following updates to the methodology: (i) The 10 seconds of CTD data prior to each bottle firing are averaged to form the CTD upcast burst data for use in calibration. (ii) In the conductivity calibration for cruise au0207 stations 46 to 52, an additional term was applied to remove the pressure dependent conductivity residual. (iii) For most au0207 stations, the surface pressure offset used was at the commencement of logging. 1.3.2 ADCP The hull mounted ADCP on the Aurora Australis is described in Rosenberg (unpublished report, 1999). Logging parameters for both cruises are summarised in Table 1.7. Current vectors for both cruises are plotted in Figures 1.4a and b; the apparent vertical current shear error for different ship speed classes, discussed in Rosenberg (unpublished report, 1999), is plotted in Figures 1.5a and b. TABLE 1.7. ADCP logging and calibration parameters for cruises au0106 and au0207. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ping parameters bottom track ping parameters ----------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- no. of bins: 60 no. of bins: 128 bin length: 8 m bin length: 4 m pulse length: 8 m pulse length: 32 m delay: 4 m ping interval: minimum ping interval: same as profiling pings reference layer averaging: bins 8 to 20 XROT: 822 ensemble averaging duration: 3 min. (for logged data) 30 min. (for final processed data) calibration cruise α(± standard deviation) 1+β(± standard deviation) no. of calibration sites ------ ----------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ au0106 2.382 ± 0.558 1.0764 ± 0.021 301 au0207 2.397 ± 0.613 1.0733 ± 0.015 76 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.3.3. Underway measurements Underway data were logged to an Oracle database on the ship. For more information, see the AADC (Antarctic Division Data Centre) website, and the cruise dotzapper reports: Marine Science Support Data Quality Report, RSV Aurora Australis Season 2000-2001 Voyage 6 (KACTAS), Ruth Lawless, Antarctic Division unpublished report. (report at web address http://www-aadc2.aad.gov.au/Metadata/mar_sci/Dz200001060.html) Marine Science Support Data Quality Report, RSV Aurora Australis Season 2001-2002 Voyage 7 (LOSS), Ruth Lawless, Antarctic Division unpublished report. (report at web address http://www-aadc2.aad.gov.au/Metadata/mar_sci/Dz200102070.html) For both cruises, a sound speed of 1463 ms(^-1) was used for ocean depth calculation, and the ship's draught of 7.3 m was accounted for. For cruise au0106, the 12 kHz sounder was not active during the krill work-depth data during this period were logged from the 38 kHz sounder, and depths below ~500 m are therefore not available. The 12 kHz sounder was used during the AMISOR work, and depth data are available during this period of cruise au0106. For cruise au0207, there was a problem with logging of bathymetry and all bathymetry data were lost. Water depths assigned to CTD and mooring stations during this cruise are as noted on the field sheets at the time, from the sounder display. Underway data were dumped from the AADC website and are in the following files: AU0106 10 sec. instantaneous values, text format: kactas.ora 10 sec. instantaneous values, matlab format: kactasora.mat AU0207 1 min. instantaneous values, text format: loss.ora 1 min. instantaneous values, matlab format: lossora.mat 1.3.4 Sediment grab Shipek sediment grab samples were collected from the AMISOR CTD transect during both cruises (principal investigators Mark Hemer and Peter Harris, Antarctic CRC) (Table 1.8). The grab was deployed from the CTD room, on the aft CTD winch wire. Samples were bagged and refrigerated for analysis in Hobart. TABLE 1.8. Site numbers on the main AMISOR CTD transect line (Figure 1.1) where a Shipek sediment grab sample was collected. ______________________________________________ AU0106 AU0207 CTD site grab number CTD site grab number -------- ----------- -------- ----------- 2 AA01/06GR11 3 AA02/07GR11 4 AA01/06GR10 4 AA02/07GR12 6 AA01/06GR2 8 AA02/07GR10 7 AA01/06GR1 10 AA02/07GR9 9 AA01/06GR3 11 AA02/07GR8 12 AA01/06GR4 13 AA02/07GR7 14 AA01/06GR5 15 AA02/07GR6 17 AA01/06GR6 16 AA02/07GR5 20 AA01/06GR7 18 AA02/07GR4 23 AA01/06GR8 19 AA02/07GR3 25 AA01/06GR9 21 AA02/07GR2 22 AA02/07GR1 ______________________________________________ 1.3.5. Moorings Mooring deployments and recoveries are summarised in Table 1.3. Mooring data are described in detail in Part 2 of this report. 1.4 CTD AND HYDROLOGY RESULTS CTD and hydrology data quality are discussed in this section. When using the data, the following data quality tables are important: Table 1.16 - questionable CTD data Table 1.17 - questionable nutrient data 1.4.1 CTD DATA 1.4.1.1 Conductivity/salinity AU0106 The conductivity cell on CTD1193 (used for the entire cruise) calibrated well (Figures 1.6 and 1.7). Note the following parameter definitions for the figures: c(cal) = calibrated CTD conductivity from the CTD upcast burst data c(btl) = 'in situ' Niskin bottle conductivity, found by using CTD pressure and temperature from the CTD upcast burst data in the conversion of Niskin bottle salinity to conductivity s(cal) = calibrated CTD salinity s(btl) = Niskin bottle salinity value Very good salinity calibrations were obtained up to station 40, with CTD salinities accurate to less than 0.002 (PSS78). For stations 41 to 95, bottle salinity scatter was increased, with the bottle/CTD salinity calibration accurate to 0.0021 (PSS78). The most likely cause for this increase in scatter is that for the AMISOR CTD profiles, small locally sharp vertical gradients were encountered, particularly where ice shelf water was found. These gradients would increase the scatter between Niskin bottle and CTD measurements. For station 67, layers of ice crystals in the water, detectable to both the 12 kHz sounder and the altimeter, resulted in bad conductivity data for much of the cast. For station 80, fouling of the conductivity cell resulted in bad downcast data. Upcast salinity (and temperature and fluorescence) data were used for this station. Note that the oxygen data for this station are from the downcast. AU0207 The conductivity cell on CTD1193 (used for station 1 to 16) calibrated very well (Figures 1.6 to 1.7). The calibration scatter between CTD and bottles increased slightly after station 16, where CTD2568 was used (stations 17 to 55). Sharp local vertical gradients resulted in the rejection of many of the shallowest bottles for the conductivity calibration, particularly for rosette positions 10, 11 and 12. Crystallisation of ice inside Niskin bottles was also a problem at some stations e.g. rosette positions 6 to 12 at station 27. For stations 12, 20 and 51, the CTD sensors froze during deployment, resulting in bad downcast data. For these stations, upcast data (including temperature, salinity and fluorescence) were used. For station 30, the CTD data file was accidentally overwritten at the end of the cast, and all data were lost. Station 32 was a repeat of the site. After initial calibration of conductivity data, a pressure dependent conductivity residual was noted for stations 46 to 52, probably due to light fouling of the conductivity cell. The residual was removed by the following steps: (a) CTD conductivity was initially calibrated to derive conductivity residuals (c(btl) - c(cal)), where c(btl) and c(cal) are as defined above, and noting that c(cal) is the conductivity value after the initial calibration only i.e. prior to any pressure dependent correction. (b) Next, for each station grouping (Table 1.11), a linear pressure dependent fit was found for the conductivity residuals i.e. for station grouping i, fit parameters α(i) and β(i) (Table 1.11) were found from [c(btl)-c(cal)](n)=α(i)p(n)+β(i) (1.1) where the residuals [c(btl)-c(cal)](n) and corresponding pressures p(n) (i.e. pressures where Niskin bottles fired) are all the values accepted for conductivity calibration in the station grouping. (c) Lastly, the conductivity calibration was repeated, this time fitting (c(ctd)+α(i)p+β(i)) to the bottle values c(btl) in order to remove the linear pressure dependence for each station grouping i (for uncalibrated conductivity c(ctd). A good conductivity calibration was obtained for stations 46 to 52 using this method (Figures 1.6 and 1.7). Overall the bottle/CTD salinity calibration for the whole cruise is accurate to within 0.002 (PSS78). 1.4.1.2. Temperature For au0106, the usual two point platinum temperature laboratory calibration was used (at the triple points of water and phenoxybenzene). For au0207, for the first time a full multi point laboratory temperature calibration was performed, with points between the triple point of water and the melting point of gallium, and also including several subzero points down to ~ -1.4°C. This is judged to be a significant improvement to CTD temperature accuracy, in particular for the subzero temperatures. Thus there may be a small inconsistency (of order 0.001°C) for CTD temperature data between the two cruises. Both linear and quadratic fits were attempted for the au0207 temperature calibration data, to obtain the best fit results. For CTD2568 (stations 17-55), a linear fit to the calibration data was used (Table 1.9). For CTD1193 (stations 1 to 16), a quadratic fit was used. Except for the two test casts, all CTD data for cruise au0207 was collected in subzero water temperatures. So this temperature calibration for CTD1193 was improved by using a quadratic fit to the colder calibration points only (≤ 5°C) (and thus data for the two test casts in warmer waters are not reported in the final data set). Reversing thermometers were fitted to some Niskins (Table 1.19) as a check on the CTD platinum temperature sensor performance, and CTD temperatures appeared to be stable for both cruises. For au0106, both digital and mercury thermometers were fitted to give comparison data for the two types of thermometer. A large consistent difference was found between CTD and digital thermometer temperatures for most of the cruise, with thermometers higher than the CTD by ~0.0025°C (Figure 1.8a). After station 82 the offset gradually increased to ~0.006. An equivalent increase is not seen in the mercury thermometer to CTD comparison, thus the increase is assumed due to a shift in the digital thermometer used (serial 1624), rather than to a shift in CTD platinum temperature calibration. Mercury thermometer offsets to CTD data were ~ -0.002°C for the krill box work (stations 1 to 43), and ~ -0.006°C for AMISOR. The larger offset value for the AMISOR work is due to colder water temperatures, reflecting the poorer calibration of the mercury thermometers at lower temperature values. Thus although the digital thermometers are more desirable to use and have more up to date calibrations, they may be more susceptible to calibration shifts than mercury thermometers. For au0207, all the reversing thermometers were digital. Thermometers 1625, 1682 and 1683, fitted for the first 16 stations using CTD1193, show good agreement on average with the CTD temperature (Figure 1.8b). Thermometer 1624 was fitted for the entire cruise: although this thermometer shows an obvious calibration offset error (Figure 1.8b), the offset is fairly consistent between the thermometer and the 2 different CTD's (CTD1193 for stations 1 to 16, CTD2568 for stations 17 to 55). 1.4.1.3. Pressure As described in previous data reports, noise in the pressure signal for CTD1193 (used for all of au0106, and for stations 1 to 16 of au0207) was high, with spikes of up to 1 dbar amplitude occurring, and with a reasonable number of missing 2 dbar bins resulting from the 2 dbar averaging. To reduce the number of missing bins, the minimum number of data points required in a 2 dbar bin to form an average was set to 8 for au0106, and 7 for au0207. For most remaining missing bins, values were linearly interpolated between surrounding bins (Table 1.15), except where the local temperature gradient was too high. Further missing 2 dbar bins (Table 1.14) are due to quality control of the data. For CTD2568 (au0207 stations 17 to 55) any noise in the pressure signal was very low, and the minimum number of data points required in a 2 dbar bin to form an average was set to 10. For au0207, the cold conditions meant that great care was needed to prevent freezing of the CTD sensors when exposed to the air during deployment. For most stations, the CTD sensor caps were filled with hypersaline water, and the sensor caps were not removed till the very last moment. Usually, the surface pressure offset is obtained automatically as the 3rd data point after the instrument enters the water, as determined by the conductivity exceeding 10 mS/cm. With hypersaline water still in the sensor caps when logging commenced, the surface pressure offset values obtained in this case were the pressure values at the commencement of logging (Table 1.10). For au0106 stations 36, 62 and 74, the surface pressure offset was obtained by manual inspection of the data. For au0207 station 23, the pressure reading at commencement of logging was a little high, so the offset value was again obtained by manual inspection of the data. 1.4.1.4. Dissolved oxygen Two oxygen sensors were used over cruise au0106 (stations 1 to 70 and stations 71 to 95), both sensors calibrating well against dissolved oxygen bottle data (Figure 1.9a, Table 1.20). For many of the stations using the first sensor, a bad data spike occurred somewhere between 100 and 200 dbar (Table 1.14). For station 80, where upcast salinity, temperature and fluorescence data were used, downcast CTD oxygen data was merged in with the upcast data. For cruise au0207, the two oxygen sensors used were those fitted on the two CTD's (i.e. stations 1 to 16 and stations 17 to 55). The sensors calibrated well against the bottle data (Figure 1.9b, Table 1.20). For both cruises, much of the near surface part of the CTD dissolved oxygen profiles are highly suspicious, in particular for the top 20 dbar. For au0106, much of these data have been removed (Table 1.14); for au0207, these data are noted as questionable (Table 1.16). In general, transient errors are common when CTD dissolved oxygen sensors (on General Oceanics CTD's) enter the water, and near surface oxygen data should be treated with caution. For the bulk of the water column the data are good, and the standard deviation values for the CTD to bottle comparison are within 1% of full scale values (where full scale is approximately 380 mmol/l). 1.4.1.5. Fluorescence All fluorescence data have preliminary calibrations only, to convert sensor output into voltages. These data should not be used quantitatively other than for linkage with primary productivity data. Some very large fluorescence peaks were measured on cruise au0106, in particular at the southest corner of the krill survey box, and along the Amery Ice Shelf. 1.4.2. Hydrology data A Guildline 'Autosal' salinometer serial no. 62549 was used for analysis of all salinity bottle samples on both cruises. International Standard Seawater batch numbers used are detailed in Appendix 1.1. As mentioned previously, some salinity bottle samples collected during very cold conditions were affected by freezing of the water in the Niskin bottles during recovery, the worst case being station 27 on au0207. Ice crystals in the water compromised the salinity samples for au0106 station 67. For stations 16 and 17 on au0106, the laboratory temperature was high, affecting performance of the Autosal, and many of the salinity bottle analyses were bad, in particular for station 17. Bottle oxygen data for both cruises were mostly good. Only one suspicious value remains in the files (Table 1.18). For au0106 station 52 bottles 10 to 12, and all of stations 53 and 54, bottle oxygen values were bad due to incorrect preparation of the sodium thiosulphate reagent used immediately after drawing the samples. For au0106, nutrient samples were collected and frozen for most stations, but were never analysed. Onboard analyses were attempted for nutrients on au0207, however contamination of the nutrient system (Appendix 1.1) forced the postponement of nutrient analyses. The samples were stored frozen for analysis in Hobart. A reasonable number of nutrient values have been flagged as questionable (Table 1.17), mostly for silicate and phosphate. Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for au0207 are shown in Figure 1.10. The nutrient values for au0207 station 47, bottles 7, 8 and 9, are different to any values in surrounding stations. They have not been flagged as questionable in Table 1.17 as there is no evidence for any problems. TABLE 1.9. Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD's used during the different cruises. Note that platinum temperature calibrations are for the ITS-90 scale. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ coefficient value of coefficient coefficient value of coefficient ----------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- AU0106 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 1193 (UNIT NO. 5) pressure calibration coefficients pressure temperature calibration coefficients CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000 pcal0 -1.097208e+01 Tpcal0 6.09660e+01 pcal1 1.006787e-01 Tpcal1 1.06055e-03 pcal2 8.340696e-09 Tpcal2 -5.41822e-08 pcal3 -1.728089e-13 Tpcal3 0.0 pcal4 1.246311e-18 Tpcal4 0.0 platinum temperature calibration coefficients coefficients for temperature correction to pressure CSIRO Calibration Facility - 19-25/10/2000 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 31/10/2000 Tcal0 -5.23383e-02 T(0) 20.00 Tcal1 4.98706e-04 S(1) -1.66731e-05 Tcal2 2.75412e-12 S(2) -1.25251e-01 preliminary polynomial coefficients applied to fluorescence (Antarctic Division, Jan. 1996)raw counts: f0 -1.115084e+01 f1 3.402400e-04 f2 0.0 AU0207 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 1193 (UNIT NO. 5) (STATIONS 1-16) pressure calibration coefficients pressure temperature calibration coefficients CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001 pcal0 -1.112466e+01 Tpcal0 8.43604e+01 pcal1 1.007841e-01 Tpcal1 -3.15992e-04 pcal2 2.329940e-09 Tpcal2 -3.25000e-08 pcal3 -6.068648e-14 Tpcal3 0.0 pcal4 5.809276e-19 Tpcal4 0.0 platinum temperature calibration coefficients coefficients for temperature correction to pressure CSIRO Calibration Facility - 02/10/2001 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001 Tcal0 -5.368220e-02 T(0) 20.00 Tcal1 4.996903e-04 S(1) -1.88557e-05 Tcal2 -6.508000e-11 S(2) -1.08758e-01 preliminary polynomial coefficients applied to fluorescence raw digitiser counts (calibration date 22/11/2001, Aurora Australis): f0 -5.57687 f1 1.70179e-04 f2 0.0 CTD SERIAL NUMBER 2568 (UNIT NO. 6) (STATIONS 17-55) pressure calibration coefficients pressure temperature calibration coefficients CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001 pcal0 -4.024268e+01 Tpcal0 5.44748e+01 pcal1 1.074928e-01 Tpcal1 5.43036e-04 pcal2 -5.854930e-11 Tpcal2 -7.32189e-08 pcal3 2.219546e-14 Tpcal3 0.0 pcal4 -2.334224e-19 Tpcal4 0.0 platinum temperature calibration coefficients coefficients for temperature correction to pressure CSIRO Calibration Facility - 08/10/2001 CSIRO Calibration Facility - 15/10/2001 Tcal0 3.585551e-02 T(0) 20.00 Tcal1 5.000857e-04 S(1) -6.73288e-06 Tcal2 0.00 S(2) -8.01679e-02 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.10. Surface pressure offsets. ** indicates value estimated from manual inspection of data. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ stn surface p stn surface p stn surface p stn surface p stn surface p no. offset(dbar) no. offset(dbar) no. offset(dbar) no. offset(dbar) no. offset(dbar) --- ------------ --- ------------ --- ------------ --- ------------ --- ------------ AU0106 1 -0.21 20 -0.15 39 -0.28 58 -0.66 77 -0.97 2 0.20 21 -0.33 40 -0.40 59 -0.34 78 -0.30 3 0.01 22 -0.75 41 0.21 60 -0.57 79 0.01 4 0.40 23 -0.66 42 -0.58 61 -0.40 80 -1.13 5 0.04 24 -0.51 43 0.03 62 -0.30** 81 -0.17 6 -0.33 25 -0.44 44 0.04 63 -0.59 82 -0.50 7 -0.26 26 0.12 45 -0.43 64 -0.88 83 -1.03 8 -0.41 27 0.22 46 0.33 65 -0.28 84 -0.59 9 0.01 28 -0.62 47 -0.23 66 -0.47 85 -1.23 10 0.31 29 0.09 48 -0.27 67 -0.66 86 -0.96 11 -0.55 30 -1.01 49 -0.24 68 -0.34 87 -0.39 12 -0.24 31 -0.22 50 -0.80 69 -0.11 88 -0.67 13 -0.70 32 -0.20 51 -0.36 70 -0.78 89 -0.40 14 0.38 33 0.55 52 -0.27 71 -0.25 90 -0.78 15 -0.20 34 0.08 53 -0.32 72 -0.28 91 -0.61 16 -0.67 35 -0.80 54 -0.32 73 -1.09 92 -0.62 17 -0.52 36 -0.20** 55 -0.42 74 -0.70** 93 -0.56 18 -0.34 37 -0.15 56 -0.34 75 -0.82 94 0.35 19 -0.59 38 -0.53 57 -0.70 76 -0.90 95 0.27 AU0207 1 0.80 12 0.54 23 1.50** 34 0.76 45 1.33 2 0.65 13 0.96 24 1.61 35 0.75 46 0.80 3 0.66 14 1.16 25 0.97 36 1.09 47 1.48 4 0.73 15 0.97 26 0.85 37 0.64 48 1.44 5 0.08 16 1.35 27 1.89 38 0.44 49 1.51 6 1.19 17 0.40 28 1.41 39 1.47 50 1.98 7 0.85 18 1.60 29 1.44 40 0.97 51 1.12 8 1.26 19 1.77 30 1.44 41 0.53 52 0.83 9 1.11 20 0.22 31 1.12 42 1.52 53 1.09 10 -0.30 21 1.45 32 0.60 43 0.96 54 1.69 11 -0.29 22 1.93 33 1.00 44 1.05 55 1.09 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.11. CTD conductivity calibration coefficients. F(1), F(2) and F(3) are respectively onductivity bias, slope and station- dependent correction calibration terms. n is the number of samples retained for calibration in each station grouping; σ is the standard deviation of the conductivity residual for the n samples in the station grouping. α and β are the pressure dependent conductivity residual slope and offset corrections, applied to cruise au0207 stations 46 to 52 only. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ stn grouping F(1) F(2) F(3) n σ α β ------------ -------------- -------------- --------------- --- -------- --------- ---------- AU0106 001 0.29199982E-01 0.96552168E-03 0 21 0.001039 002 to 021 0.46265417E-01 0.96492371E-03 -0.10179157E-08 119 0.001393 022 to 040 0.49815656E-01 0.96474660E-03 0.13564129E-08 124 0.001336 041 to 044 0.50817530E-01 0.96492963E-03 -0.51052707E-08 23 0.001949 045 to 049 0.11267496 0.96415484E-03 -0.32197336E-07 50 0.001306 050 to 060 0.76393887E-01 0.96382061E-03 0.80956231E-09 111 0.001186 061 to 068 0.75251733E-01 0.96364365E-03 0.46410114E-08 72 0.001528 069 to 076 0.74441386E-01 0.96373763E-03 0.41028423E-08 73 0.001260 077 to 080 0.56141702E-01 0.96525940E-03 -0.65236485E-08 42 0.001858 081 to 085 0.81697290E-01 0.96330495E-03 0.37859426E-08 46 0.001199 086 to 089 0.85053519E-01 0.96057685E-03 0.33327864E-07 37 0.001254 090 to 092 0.62027939E-01 0.96452760E-03 -0.25511704E-08 31 0.001563 093 to 095 0.41095515E-01 0.96146076E-03 0.39174215E-07 34 0.001772 AU0207 001 to 010 -0.11032272E-01 0.94823520E-03 -0.83159275E-08 94 0.000741 011 to 016 0.24291716E-01 0.94676769E-03 0.13706639E-07 34 0.000898 017 to 021 -0.90952579E-02 0.94724982E-03 0.28458745E-08 47 0.000990 022 to 026 -0.37164695E-01 0.94768151E-03 0.28659630E-07 49 0.001758 027 to 043 0.76177998E-01 0.94443666E-03 -0.87654884E-09 129 0.001243 044 to 051 -0.13029335 0.95130970E-03 0.77596009E-08 66 0.001000 -7.988E-06 0.0027647 052 to 055 -0.32095878E-02 0.94683601E-03 0.57372785E-08 41 0.000894 -7.998E-06 0.0027647 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.12. Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F(2) + F(3) . N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope and station-dependent correction calibration terms respectively. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ station (F(2)+F(3).N) station (F(2)+F(3).N) station (F(2)+F(3).N) station (F(2)+F(3).N) number number number number ------- -------------- ------- -------------- ------- -------------- ------- -------------- AU0106 1 0.96552168E-03 25 0.96478051E-03 49 0.96257717E-03 73 0.96403714E-03 2 0.96492168E-03 26 0.96478187E-03 50 0.96386109E-03 74 0.96404124E-03 3 0.96492066E-03 27 0.96478322E-03 51 0.96386190E-03 75 0.96404535E-03 4 0.96491964E-03 28 0.96478458E-03 52 0.96386271E-03 76 0.96404945E-03 5 0.96491862E-03 29 0.96478594E-03 53 0.96386352E-03 77 0.96475708E-03 6 0.96491760E-03 30 0.96478729E-03 54 0.96386433E-03 78 0.96475056E-03 7 0.96491659E-03 31 0.96478865E-03 55 0.96386514E-03 79 0.96474403E-03 8 0.96491557E-03 32 0.96479001E-03 56 0.96386595E-03 80 0.96473751E-03 9 0.96491455E-03 33 0.96479136E-03 57 0.96386676E-03 81 0.96392553E-03 10 0.96491353E-03 34 0.96479272E-03 58 0.96386757E-03 82 0.96393312E-03 11 0.96491252E-03 35 0.96479408E-03 59 0.96386838E-03 83 0.96394071E-03 12 0.96491150E-03 36 0.96479543E-03 60 0.96386919E-03 84 0.96394831E-03 13 0.96491048E-03 37 0.96479679E-03 61 0.96392675E-03 85 0.96395590E-03 14 0.96490946E-03 38 0.96479815E-03 62 0.96393139E-03 86 0.96344305E-03 15 0.96490844E-03 39 0.96479950E-03 63 0.96393603E-03 87 0.96347638E-03 16 0.96490743E-03 40 0.96480086E-03 64 0.96394067E-03 88 0.96350970E-03 17 0.96490641E-03 41 0.96472031E-03 65 0.96394531E-03 89 0.96354303E-03 18 0.96490539E-03 42 0.96471521E-03 66 0.96394996E-03 90 0.96429799E-03 19 0.96490437E-03 43 0.96471010E-03 67 0.96395460E-03 91 0.96429544E-03 20 0.96490335E-03 44 0.96470500E-03 68 0.96395924E-03 92 0.96429289E-03 21 0.96490234E-03 45 0.96270596E-03 69 0.96402073E-03 93 0.96510397E-03 22 0.96477644E-03 46 0.96267376E-03 70 0.96402483E-03 94 0.96514314E-03 23 0.96477780E-03 47 0.96264157E-03 71 0.96402894E-03 95 0.96518232E-03 24 0.96477916E-03 48 0.96260937E-03 72 0.96403304E-03 AU0207 1 0.94822688E-03 15 0.94697329E-03 29 0.94441124E-03 43 0.94439896E-03 2 0.94821857E-03 16 0.94698699E-03 30 0.94441036E-03 44 0.95463785E-03 3 0.94821025E-03 17 0.94729820E-03 31 0.94440948E-03 45 0.95464099E-03 4 0.94820193E-03 18 0.94730105E-03 32 0.94440861E-03 46 0.95464413E-03 5 0.94819362E-03 19 0.94730389E-03 33 0.94440773E-03 47 0.95464727E-03 6 0.94818530E-03 20 0.94730674E-03 34 0.94440685E-03 48 0.95465041E-03 7 0.94817699E-03 21 0.94730959E-03 35 0.94440598E-03 49 0.95465355E-03 8 0.94816867E-03 22 0.94831203E-03 36 0.94440510E-03 50 0.95465669E-03 9 0.94816036E-03 23 0.94834069E-03 37 0.94440422E-03 51 0.95465982E-03 10 0.94815204E-03 24 0.94836935E-03 38 0.94440335E-03 52 0.94713435E-03 11 0.94691846E-03 25 0.94839800E-03 39 0.94440247E-03 53 0.94714008E-03 12 0.94693217E-03 26 0.94842666E-03 40 0.94440159E-03 54 0.94714582E-03 13 0.94694587E-03 27 0.94441299E-03 41 0.94440072E-03 55 0.94715156E-03 14 0.94695958E-03 28 0.94441211E-03 42 0.94439984E-03 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.13. CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing. For raw scan number ranges, the lowest and highest scan numbers are not included in the action (except for scan 1). ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ station no. raw scan nos. reason stn no. raw scan nos. reason ----------- ------------- --------------------------- ------- ------------- --------------------------- AU0106 AU0207 3, upcast 3269-3274 P spike 16 1-6100 yoyo to unblock cond. cell 10, upcast 2314-2317 P spike 19 2716-2767 fouling of cond. cell 19, upcast 871-874 P spike 21 1469-1649 fouling of cond. cell 19, upcast 2118-2121 P spike 25 1-8234 yoyo to unfreeze cond. cell 36 1-550 CTD deck unit not warmed up 36, upcast 5042-5049 P spike 47, upcast 2110-2220 suspect data 62 1,1500 CTD deck unit not warmed up 59, upcast 1367-1370 P spike 59, upcast 2821-2824 P spike 74 1-1800 CTD deck unit not warmed up 64, upcast 2200-2210 P spike 89, upcast 408-411 P spike ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.14. Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files. "1" indicates missing data for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, σT), specific volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; O=oxygen; F=fluorescence. _____________________________________________________________ station no. pressure (dbar) where data missing T S O F ----------- ---------------------------------- - - - - AU0106 1 whole stn 1 1 1344-1346 1 2 2-14 1 3 2-20 1 4 2-48, 304-320 1 5 2-24 1 6 2-22 1 6 236 1 7 2-24 1 8 2-26 1 8 264 1 1 1 1 9 whole stn 1 9 84 1 10 2-24 1 11 2-56, 124-144 1 12 2-20, 106-134 1 12 468 1 13 2-32, 114-142 1 14 2-24, 110-156 1 15 2-26 1 15 254 1 15 360 1 1 1 1 16 2-24, 124-176 1 17 2-22, 112-150 1 18 whole stn 1 19 2-12, 226-240 1 20 2-24, 94-144, 346-364 1 21 2-24, 110-132 1 22 2-30, 118-142 1 23 2-22, 126-142 1 24 82-106 1 25 2-18, 128-142 1 26 2-20 1 27 2-38, 82-104 1 28 2-22 1 29 2-24, 114-136 1 30 2-12, 96-116 1 31 2-24 1 31 156 1 32 2-24 1 33 2-18 1 34 whole stn 1 35 2-12 1 35 292 1 36 2-46, 254-262 1 37 2-20, 84-120 1 37 218 1 38 2-28, 94-130 1 39 2-16, 104-130 1 40 2-24, 106-132 1 41 2-12, 68, 76-114 1 42 2-4, 44-70 1 43 2-6, 72-74 1 44 2-6, 34-86 1 45 2-6 1 45 98-100 1 46 2-6, 92-114 1 47 2-4, 102-122 1 47 754 1 48 2-10 1 49 2-6, 94-116 1 50 2-10 1 50 346 1 51 2-10, 92-114 1 52 2-136 1 53 whole stn 1 54 whole stn 1 55 2-10 1 56 2-12, 84-86, 120-124 1 57 2, 134-142 1 58 2-8, 104-124 1 59 2-6, 100-110 1 60 2, 78-98 1 61 2-4 1 62 2-12 1 63 2-12 1 64 2-6 1 64 36 1 1 1 1 64 740 1 65 2-12 1 65 440 1 66 2-10 1 67 2, 76-306 1 67 146-306 1 68 2-4 1 69 2-6, 76-106 1 70 2, 60 1 70 100 1 71 428 1 72 2-10 1 76 2-4, 330-348 1 76 132 1 77 396-398 1 78 2-20 1 79 2 1 80 2 1 80 424 1 81 2 1 81 260, 614 1 82 2-6 1 83 2-4 1 84 2, 548 1 85 614-632 1 85 684 1 86 2-18 1 87 2-4 1 88 2 1 89 2 1 1 89 4 1 89 380 1 90 2-6 1 90 58 1 1 1 1 91 2, 596-608 1 92 2-12 1 94 whole stn 1 95 whole stn 1 AU0207 1 whole stn 1 1 1 1 2 whole stn 1 1 1 1 3 292-300 1 1 4 1096-1108, 1134-1152 1 12 whole stn 1 14 whole stn 1 15 whole stn 1 16 whole stn 1 16 2-6 1 1 1 1 20 whole stn 1 21 6 1 1 1 25 2-4 1 1 1 30 whole stn 1 1 1 36 whole stn 1 41 448-456 1 42 444-456 1 51 whole stn 1 53 whole stn 1 54 whole stn 1 55 whole stn 1 _____________________________________________________________ Table 1.15. 2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values, for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, σ(T), specific volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; F=fluorescence. __________________________________________________________________ station no. interpolated 2 dbar values parameters interpolated ----------- -------------------------- ----------------------- AU0106 4 434 T, S, F 7 350 T, S, F 31 58 T, S, F 77 426 T, S, F AU0207 54 1782 T, S __________________________________________________________________ Table 1.16. Suspect 2 dbar averages for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, σT , specific volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; O=oxygen. ______________________________________________________________________________ stn questionable parameters | stn questionable parameters no. 2 dbar value(dbar) | no. 2 dbar value (dbar) --- ------------------ ---------- | --- ------------------- ---------- AU0106 | 10 96-98 O | 54 2-4 S 11 2 T, S | 55 2 S 16 2 T, S | 56 2-4 S 23 2 S | 65 2 S 26 2 T, S | 66 2 S 30 2 S | 67 2 S 40 2 S | 68 2-4 S 42 2-4 S | 72 2 S 44 2 S | 85 2-4 S 50 2 S | 90 2 S | AU0207 | 3 2-18 O | 29 2-10 O 4 2-14 O | 32 2-24 O 5 2-52 O | 33 2-22 O 6 2-64 O | 35 2-24 O 7 2-42 O | 37 2-28 O 8 2-32 O | 38 2-28 O 9 2-50 O | 39 2-12 O 10 12-46 O | 40 2-20 O 11 2-22 O | 42 2-18 O 13 2-46 O | 43 2-18 O 17 2-24 O | 44 2-20 O 18 2-18 O | 45 2-20 O 19 2-22 O | 46 2-22 O 21 2-20 O | 47 2-26 O 22 2-20 O | 48 2-24 O 23 2-24 O | 49 2-20 O 26 2-30 O | 50 2-10 O 27 2-24 O | 52 2-20 O _____________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.17. Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from hydrology data file). ___________________________________________________________________ PHOSPHATE NITRATE SILICATE station rosette station rosette station rosette number position number position number position ------- -------- ------- -------- --------- ------------- AU0207 4 3 4 3 4 3 5 8 9 9 11 4 11 3 13 whole station 17 5 17 5 20 6 24 7 26 2,3,10 27 7 27 7 27 7 29 5 30 5,6,7,8 34 8 39,40,41 whole station 47 1 48 6 ___________________________________________________________________ Table 1.18. Questionable dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from hydrology data file). __________________________________ AU0106 station number rosette position -------------- ---------------- 18 1 __________________________________ Table 1.19. Reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are listed; M=mercury, D=digital. _______________________________________________________________________________________ AU0106 station 1 M12095, M12105 on pos. 24; D1625, M12104 on pos. 12; D1624, M12119 on pos. 2 stations 2 to 12 D1625, M12104 on pos. 24; D1624, M12119 on pos. 2 stations 13 to 95 D1624, M12119 on pos. 2AU0207 stations 2 to 12 D1682, D1683 on pos. 12 D1624, D1625 on pos. 2 stations 13 to 16 D1682, D1683 on pos. 12 stations 17 to 55 D1624 on pos. 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.20. CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients. K(1), K(2), K(3), K(4), K(5) and K(6) are respectively oxygen current slope, oxygen sensor time constant, oxygen current bias, temperature correction term, weighting factor, and pressure correction term. dox is equal to 2.8σ (for σ as defined in Rosenberg et al., 1995); n is the number of samples retained for calibration in each station or station grouping. ____________________________________________________________________________ station K(1) K(2) K(3) K(4) K(5) K(6) dox n number ------- ----- ----- ------ -------- ------- ----------- ------- -- AU0106 2 4.494 9.00 -0.239 -0.10574 0.83781 0.21763E-03 0.09373 5 3 8.141 5.00 -1.172 -0.02861 0.74359 0.11070E-03 0.17491 6 4 10.297 4.50 -1.738 -0.06922 0.63877 0.28891E-03 0.16129 6 5 6.392 8.50 -0.795 -0.03475 0.14857 0.47479E-04 0.20807 7 6 7.105 10.00 -0.952 -0.05771 0.38020 0.22007E-04 0.13418 7 7 6.870 4.00 -0.946 -0.03185 0.16342 0.11084E-03 0.24847 7 8 6.310 7.00 -0.783 -0.03574 0.40731 0.25652E-04 0.13530 6 10 4.604 7.50 -0.299 -0.03399 0.72633 0.11829E-03 0.00463 4 11 4.891 7.50 -0.287 -0.11288 0.87836 0.91929E-04 0.13548 7 12 4.077 4.00 -0.180 -0.00335 0.72104 0.40774E-05 0.26049 6 13 8.029 4.00 -1.213 -0.02264 0.05819 0.14155E-03 0.17151 6 14 8.075 6.40 -1.160 -0.08662 0.80695 0.39974E-06 0.17662 6 15 8.213 4.00 -1.294 -0.10568 0.46760 0.50358E-03 0.14285 7 16 7.226 7.00 -1.082 -0.05999 0.10652 0.44531E-03 0.23100 7 17 6.848 4.50 -0.928 -0.03701 0.11955 0.94530E-04 0.14523 7 18 6.834 4.00 -0.975 -1.72390 0.70000 0.13007E-01 0.03266 4 19 4.299 4.50 -0.118 -0.08382 0.99546 0.99674E-04 0.10442 4 20 7.025 9.50 -1.035 -0.65624 0.47075 0.36326E-03 0.25064 7 21 5.240 4.00 -0.544 -0.05822 0.14968 0.86153E-04 0.06532 8 22 8.585 10.00 -1.364 -0.09392 0.52380 0.37796E-03 0.12321 8 23 6.769 10.00 -0.871 -0.03572 0.27213 0.12471E-04 0.17393 8 24 7.188 4.00 -0.984 -0.06441 0.42273 0.63989E-04 0.15997 7 25 7.499 7.50 -1.095 -0.02550 0.04924 0.14430E-03 0.06104 7 26 7.219 4.00 -1.038 -0.00135 0.67808 0.40597E-03 0.03856 5 27 5.041 4.00 -0.360 -0.19117 0.66649 0.18050E-03 0.10325 7 28 6.102 4.00 -0.748 -0.12501 0.37126 0.14756E-03 0.26203 8 29 6.540 4.00 -0.865 -0.05991 0.22797 0.17151E-03 0.14825 8 30 7.575 4.00 -1.144 -0.15715 0.39379 0.42708E-03 0.06358 7 31 6.377 5.50 -0.789 -0.03026 0.57144 0.21489E-05 0.27712 7 32 6.773 7.00 -0.883 -0.03164 0.43893 0.12814E-04 0.26785 8 33 6.439 10.00 -0.806 -0.05680 0.44195 0.12863E-04 0.14257 8 35 5.037 4.00 -0.400 -0.03900 0.82331 0.48308E-04 0.19764 6 36 6.931 10.00 -0.905 -0.04509 0.47848 0.17131E-05 0.09769 8 37 6.344 4.00 -0.783 -0.03392 0.33117 0.37737E-04 0.21715 7 38 6.715 10.00 -0.862 -0.03583 0.40369 0.47109E-04 0.10970 7 39 6.909 4.50 -0.903 -0.08464 0.62875 0.81151E-04 0.12885 6 40 4.916 4.50 -0.463 -0.05203 0.05110 0.29316E-04 0.21421 7 41 5.799 9.00 -0.700 -0.03566 0.42621 0.16616E-03 0.00211 4 42 5.668 5.50 -0.619 -0.00212 0.72339 0.11190E-04 0.16545 6 43 6.497 4.00 -0.800 -0.02293 0.71910 0.90512E-05 0.02102 6 44 3.458 10.00 0.001 -0.02279 0.96560 0.23631E-03 0.22617 4 45 3.536 6.50 0.017 -0.05361 0.72818 0.64078E-04 0.12994 12 46 2.543 7.50 0.290 -0.03614 0.99703 0.43755E-04 0.13566 11 47 2.500 10.00 0.301 -0.23919 0.57241 0.37505E-04 0.13874 12 48 4.347 7.00 -0.210 -0.04330 0.79302 0.13075E-03 0.06438 12 49 6.167 9.00 -0.708 -0.01044 0.75465 0.17267E-03 0.09801 10 50 6.440 4.00 -0.766 -0.00236 0.82437 0.15659E-03 0.11758 12 51 5.285 6.50 -0.463 -0.01574 0.79007 0.14334E-03 0.15205 12 52 4.796 10.00 -0.279 -0.05812 0.92884 0.12471E-03 0.13415 8 55 5.058 4.00 -0.389 -0.03685 0.72421 0.11764E-03 0.05976 12 56 7.037 6.00 -0.957 -0.00431 0.22740 0.23279E-03 0.12593 12 57 1.411 4.00 0.615 -0.06252 0.99782 0.51437E-04 0.20029 10 58 0.929 4.00 0.729 -0.06526 0.87758 0.92644E-06 0.18206 11 59 5.991 4.50 -0.648 -0.00243 0.77873 0.13627E-03 0.17484 12 60 5.490 4.00 -0.498 -0.05476 0.70060 0.16975E-03 0.14955 11 61 6.019 6.50 -0.662 -0.01380 0.80440 0.20610E-03 0.09887 12 62 4.020 7.00 -0.118 -0.03672 0.84404 0.14402E-03 0.08328 12 63 6.327 10.00 -0.746 -0.00249 0.77285 0.21029E-03 0.11717 12 64 4.271 9.50 -0.240 -0.01138 0.08743 0.12092E-03 0.14510 10 65 6.188 8.00 -0.689 -0.01720 0.77901 0.14464E-03 0.07895 12 66 4.603 10.00 -0.276 -0.02774 0.82031 0.94361E-04 0.10744 12 67 3.393 5.50 0.050 -0.45057 0.56281 0.31285E-03 0.18923 11 68 2.697 4.00 0.253 -0.05107 0.84232 0.90226E-04 0.11526 10 69 1.547 10.00 0.551 -0.05594 0.96992 0.89954E-04 0.19063 11 70 2.336 4.00 0.347 -0.04798 0.91139 0.60984E-04 0.18635 11 71 6.928 5.50 -0.815 -0.00626 0.75484 0.14341E-03 0.03878 8 72 3.852 4.00 -0.009 -0.03416 0.99839 0.88005E-04 0.22006 10 73 3.075 7.50 0.177 -0.04246 0.98551 0.90608E-04 0.21553 12 74 3.489 5.50 0.094 -0.03555 0.99792 0.55967E-04 0.10856 11 75 4.012 5.00 -0.057 -0.17371 0.58973 0.93304E-04 0.07857 11 76 8.163 4.00 -1.111 -0.08099 0.52124 0.20943E-03 0.23257 12 77 7.765 6.50 -1.059 -0.00858 0.83216 0.34381E-03 0.17744 11 78 7.962 9.50 -1.088 -0.02689 0.59625 0.27684E-03 0.10222 11 79 4.278 4.00 -0.128 -0.04123 0.96149 0.16101E-03 0.13643 12 80 5.332 4.00 -0.413 -0.02321 0.87802 0.17364E-03 0.13393 12 81 3.513 4.00 0.065 -0.04261 0.98631 0.10118E-03 0.14755 12 82 5.609 4.00 -0.455 -0.03326 0.97024 0.13211E-03 0.19940 12 83 8.287 4.00 -1.149 -0.00906 0.80193 0.20969E-03 0.20914 12 84 5.504 4.00 -0.419 -0.09819 0.66859 0.12473E-03 0.19804 12 85 7.188 4.00 -0.883 -0.02618 0.66460 0.19322E-03 0.12843 12 86 6.228 10.00 -0.627 -0.02684 0.83415 0.16836E-03 0.11759 11 87 2.930 4.00 0.223 -0.06422 0.89488 0.10432E-03 0.12989 12 88 5.651 4.00 -0.509 -0.02285 0.84308 0.15530E-03 0.15855 12 89 2.804 4.00 0.263 -0.05156 0.92487 0.55337E-04 0.15043 12 90 5.624 4.00 -0.449 -0.02527 0.91729 0.91838E-04 0.12638 12 91 5.947 9.00 -0.553 -0.01402 0.76633 0.10549E-03 0.16487 12 92 6.764 5.50 -0.779 -0.00091 0.92124 0.15776E-03 0.20886 11 93 4.700 9.00 -0.276 -0.01906 0.76632 0.12551E-03 0.18835 11 AU0207 3 7.859 10.00 -1.063 -0.03303 0.46219 0.37136E-03 0.09176 10 4 8.126 6.00 -1.070 -0.02787 0.10215 0.11533E-03 0.15313 11 5 3.242 4.50 0.111 -0.02890 0.70917 0.81475E-04 0.08035 11 6 4.109 10.00 -0.094 -0.03617 0.75658 0.10402E-03 0.09585 11 7 2.490 6.50 0.303 -0.02707 0.71318 0.59463E-04 0.07093 11 8 3.018 6.50 0.184 -0.03038 0.72185 0.47992E-04 0.08330 11 9 3.423 5.50 0.101 -0.03687 0.75149 0.72625E-04 0.02413 11 10 6.333 4.00 -0.579 -0.03135 0.73545 0.11472E-03 0.09120 10 11 8.379 4.00 -1.053 -0.03260 0.75047 0.15599E-03 0.16996 11 13 4.022 4.00 0.137 -0.11080 0.97287 0.50469E-04 0.16432 10 17 2.967 5.50 0.097 -0.02815 0.69110 0.10057E-03 0.25627 10 18 3.194 4.50 0.080 -0.05411 0.78816 0.75553E-04 0.16060 11 19 2.673 4.00 0.192 -0.03720 0.76595 0.78480E-04 0.16046 11 21 4.156 5.00 -0.209 -0.03373 0.72777 0.13164E-03 0.23288 12 22 4.702 9.50 -0.379 -0.03785 0.76966 0.26685E-03 0.21261 12 23 4.880 9.50 -0.584 -0.12339 0.18692 0.34676E-03 0.18013 12 24 3.063 6.50 0.177 -0.07580 0.90287 0.70309E-04 0.04107 11 25 7.429 6.50 -1.098 -0.03742 0.86538 0.30474E-03 0.07801 12 26 3.620 4.00 -0.092 -0.03892 0.77166 0.17549E-03 0.07618 11 27 3.805 10.00 -0.082 -0.03825 0.77374 0.64142E-04 0.13152 10 28 4.947 7.00 -0.451 -0.03240 0.31959 0.15374E-03 0.07419 12 29 4.383 4.00 -0.266 -0.03437 0.74376 0.11301E-03 0.16528 12 31 3.390 6.00 -0.001 -0.03271 0.70840 0.79299E-04 0.04173 10 32 4.851 7.00 -0.279 -0.10037 0.92694 0.11089E-03 0.17938 11 33 4.894 4.50 -0.401 -0.03380 0.73706 0.12089E-03 0.07944 11 34 2.353 4.00 0.472 -0.61617 0.57987 0.64212E-06 0.13090 12 35 4.428 10.00 -0.289 -0.03218 0.70814 0.13269E-03 0.10740 12 37 3.318 10.00 -0.007 -0.00126 0.66255 0.78714E-04 0.04884 11 38 2.668 10.00 0.207 -0.03447 0.72714 0.27970E-04 0.13035 11 39 6.580 5.00 -0.926 -0.06571 0.29660 0.19237E-03 0.21421 11 40 3.908 9.00 -0.101 -0.02854 0.69251 0.88327E-05 0.09081 12 41 2.455 4.00 0.342 -0.07352 0.92911 0.36730E-04 0.16276 11 42 6.972 10.00 -0.958 -0.01620 0.75026 0.19117E-03 0.16087 11 43 5.000 7.00 -0.379 -0.05373 0.86348 0.14143E-03 0.17112 10 44 4.322 7.00 -0.459 -0.11526 0.12669 0.28477E-03 0.09800 12 45 4.207 4.00 -0.242 -0.02896 0.75060 0.16056E-03 0.15113 12 46 3.435 4.00 0.004 -0.03424 0.73617 0.61044E-04 0.14303 11 47 4.466 8.50 -0.318 -0.02725 0.25168 0.98322E-04 0.09665 12 48 3.540 9.50 -0.026 -0.02846 0.69181 0.57214E-04 0.07605 12 49 4.318 4.00 -0.248 -0.03376 0.38881 0.54600E-04 0.16218 11 50 2.391 4.00 0.365 -3.31690 0.50344 0.11329E-04 0.19863 11 52 3.626 10.00 -0.045 -0.03225 0.62679 0.15236E-04 0.18080 11 ____________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX 1.1 HYDROCHEMISTRY CRUISE LABORATORY REPORTS A1.1.1. AU0106 Hydrochemistry Laboratory Report (Clodagh Curran and Sarah Howe) Seawater samples for salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations were analysed on this cruise. Nutrient samples were collected in quadruplicate, two frozen at -80°C and two refrigerated at 4°C, for intended analysis on return to Hobart. Samples were collected from 96 stations: 40 from the Mawson coast krill box survey, 3 from the Casey area on return to the Amery Ice Shelf, 50 off the Amery Ice Shelf, 1 from the Amery Ice Shelf itself and 2 Calibration CTD's at the end of the voyage. The methods used are described in the Antarctic CRC hydrochemistry manual (Eriksen, 1997). Additional samples were also collected for the AMISOR project, as described 7later in this report. NUMBER OF SAMPLES ANALYSED Salinities: 1152 Dissolved oxygens: 1116 Nutrients (collected): 4464 (2232 frozen, 2232 frigerated for comparison study) SALINITY Salinities were analysed by Clodagh Curran in Lab 3. A Guildline salinometer, SN 62549 was used. Ocean Scientific IAPSO standard seawater, batch P133 (11 Nov 1997), was used to standardise the salinometer throughout the cruise. Repeat standardisations, ie P133 measured against P133, showed no difference (ie 2R of <0.0 0000) over 33 repeats during the cruise. Three P130 standards were measured. They showed no difference, average being 0.0000 psu. Four 35N1 standards were measured. They showed no difference, average being 0.0000 psu. One P126 and and one P128 were also measured. The P126 was 0.0005 psu units higher than its nominal value; the P128 was significantly higher than its nominal value, ie. 0.00248. There were some problems controlling the temperature of Lab 3 for two days during the krill study. PID temperature controller was used to control the temperature, however the ship's air conditioning was a bit warmer than required as other parts of the ship were very cold. The temperature was finally lowered by a few degrees, which was enough for the temperature controller to step in and maintain the temperature at 21 degrees. Two days were lost due to unstable temperature in the lab, and in addition some salinity analyses from stations 16 and 17 were compromised. During the AMISOR project the salinometer ran very well and there were no temperature control or other problems. * Files updated: sal_std_check.xls sal62549.xls DISSOLVED OXYGEN Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed by Sarah Howe. There were no major problems, only minor operational problems which were sorted out at the time. Simple familarity with the system was all that was required, particularly with the software. It is a bit quirky. Standardisation and blank values were collated and plotted from this and previous cruises, to help identify outlying or suspicious values. The average standardisation value and average standard deviation was 4.425 +/- 0.002 ml of thiosulfate. This is 297.7 +/- 0.14 mol/L of oxygen, or 0.04%. The average blank value and average standard deviation was 0.006 +/- 0.001 ml of thiosulfate. Files: do_std&blank.xls, a9901 do_std&blank.xls, all collation of DO standardisation values do_std&blank.xls, charts charts of standardisation values do.xls, variable summary do.xls, hydro_calc_check GENERAL DATA HANDLING Plots were made of property vs station to check for suspicious data, or wrongly entered data. These plots were based on the data in the CSV file, and can be opened via the macro CSV in A0106.XLM. Data was backed up to 250MB Iomega Zip disks. LABORATORIES The salinometer was in Lab3, and the DO and MQ systems were in the photolab. The salinometer was in the middle of the lab equal distance from the porthole, door and to the side of the fume cupboard; the DO system was on the port side bench of the photolab. The MQ system was in the photolab on the forward bulkhead. TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL Temperature was controlled by the ships air conditioner, and by a CAL Controls Ltd 'CAL 9900' proportional derivative plus integral (PID) temperature controller in lab 3. The photolab had no temperature controller. The ship's heating inlets above the saliniometer were taped closed for the first few days of analysis, however it became too warm in lab 3. Two days of analysis time were lost due to variable temperature reading in the lab. The door of the lab was tied opened and the cool air from the corridor allowed in. The ship's heating was turned down but the inlet in the lab was covered over to prevent a draft. The temperature then stabilised in lab 3 and analyses resumed. The photolab was heated by the ship's heating, however it still fluctuated a little as the wet lab trawl deck door was open allowing cool air into the ship and cooling the aft part of the ship on the E deck. The laboratory temperature was recorded by two Tinytalk units. One was positioned beside the salinometer, while the other was positioned beside the DO system. The temperature was also measured by a mercury thermometer in the photolab and the temperature monitored by the PID controller in lab 3. 'Indoor/outdoor' electronic thermometers were used to measure the fridge. The air temperature about the salinometer was generally 21.0 +/- 1 °C. PURIFIED WATER About 280L (~14 x 20L carboys) of water was produced for this cruise. The water system did not need any cartridges or tanks changed. Two 13 litre leased mixed bed deioniser (MBDI) tanks were used. ADDITIONAL SAMPLES COLLECTED A number of different samples were collected, as described below: * UNDERWAY SAMPLES FOR MARTIN LOUREY Collected by Clodagh Curran and Sarah Howe. Samples collected for: salinity, nutrients, N-15, C-14 and 1.5L for diatoms, at 8 sites (approximately every 2 degrees) on the south and north legs. The nutrient and N-15 samples were frozen at -80 degrees. A 50ml sample of filtered seawater was acidified with 50 μl of 50% HCl for N-15. A 250ml sample of filtered seawater was poisoned with 100μl for C-14. And a 1.5L filtered seawater sample was poisoned with 2ml of Lugols solution for Diatom analysis every second station. * UNDERWAY SIZE FRACTIONATION FOR MARTIN LOUREY Underway water was filtered through 142mm dia Whatman GF/F, 5μm 20μm, 70μm, 200μm and 1000μm at 8 sites (approximately every 2 degrees) on the south and north legs of the cruise. The filters were collected and frozen at -80°C for Marty too. This filtered water was used for the underway samples. A1.1.2. AU0207 Hydrochemistry Laboratory Report (Clodagh Curran and Lindsay Pender.) This hydrochemistry was part of the repeat AMISOR program on Voyage 7 on the Aurora Australis. Seawater samples were analysed for salinity, nutrients (NO2, NO3, Si and P) and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Samples were collected from 55 stations in total, including 51 CTD's along the Amery Ice Shelf and 4 Test Casts in deep water in the Southern Ocean. The methods used are described in the CSIRO hydrochemistry manual (Cowley, 2001), and in Cowley and Johnston (1999). NUMBER OF SAMPLES ANALYSED Salinities: 607 Dissolved Oxygens: 467 Nutrients: 600 taken in duplicate (none analysed on board); 218 PSI samples analysed from V3. SALINITY Salinities were analysed by Clodagh Curran over a 12 hour period each day in the wet lab. A Guildline salinometer, SN 62549 was used. Ocean Scientific IAPSO standard seawater, batch P140 (10 Nov 2000), was used to standardise the salinometer throughout the cruise. Repeat standardisations, ie P140 measured against P140, showed no difference (ie 2R of <0.0 0000) over 10 repeats during the cruise. During the AMISOR program there were no problems controlling the temperature of the wet lab due to the cold outside temperatures. The temperature ranged between 18.5 and 20.5 degrees in the lab. A PID temperature controller was used to control the temperature and an independent air conditioner in the wet lab. * Files updated: sal_std_check.xls sal62549.xls DISSOLVED OXYGEN Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed by Lindsay Pender in the wet lab. There were no problems with the DO system. Standardisation and blank values were collated from this and previous cruises, and plotted, to help identify outlying or suspicious values. The average standardisation value and average standard deviation was 4.425 +/- 0.002 ml of thiosulfate. This is 297.7 +/- 0.14μmol/L of oxygen, or 0.04%. The average blank value and average standard deviation was 0.006 +/- 0.001 ml of thiosulfate. Files: do_std&blank.xls, a9901 do_std&blank.xls, all collation of DO standardisation values do_std&blank.xls, charts charts of standardisation values do.xls, variable summary do.xls, hydro_calc_check NUTRIENTS Initial nutrient analyses were conducted by Clodagh Curran over a 12-14 hour period each day. The analyser was shutdown overnight for safety reasons. Phosphate, silicate, nitrite and nitrate methods were used as per CSIRO methods. A new automatic switching valve system was used to change over from reagents to MQ and carrier etc and included a baseline calibration. Standards were made up every couple of days in low nutrient seawater (collected from Maria Island and filtered and autoclaved before going on the cruise). The carrier was artificial seawater (or sodium chloride in MQ). New software "Winflow" was also used, and it proved to be user friendly and flexible. A standard run included a baseline calibration using the switching valves which took approximately 45 mins, followed by a set of standards, some SRM's (Standard Reference Material from Ocean Scientific) and QC's (LNSW spiked with nutrients) followed by samples (up to 48) followed by a second set of standards, SRM's and QC's. A run normally took about 3 hours to complete. At the beginning of the cruise particulate silicate samples (taken from V3 and digested before going on V7) were analysed for silicate. The other two systems nitrate/nitrite and phosphate were running, but were ignored for these samples. These samples were made up in ASW so a few things were changed in the system. The carrier was ASW, LNSW was replaced with ASW and the standards/SRM's were made up in ASW. These analyses went well and the results were sent back to Dr. Tom Trull in Hobart. Once these samples were completed, the system was thoroughly washed, pump tubes replaced and the three mixing blocks dismantled and cleaned in MQ in the ultrasonic bath. A new batch of reagents were made up, as well as new Standards/SRMs made up in LNSW (which was filtered 0.45m and autoclaved). Silicate ran well, but phosphate and nitrate didn't. The phosphate channel was a little unstable, with the problems only minor and easily fixed - phosphate then ran well. The nitrate system was also unstable, giving poor peak height and shape. Sensitivity was lost, and baselines were high for ASW compared to MQ and LNSW. The Cd coil was removed to simplify fixing the problems. A normal run was done to see what the baselines were doing. There was a significant increase in baseline from MQ to ASW and from LNSW to ASW. The ASW had a pink tinge to it when run with the colour reagent. This suggested contamination in the system. A number of experiments were then undertaken to determine the cause of the contamination. Firstly the MQ was tested with ship MQ and Uni MQ (stored in the net store). There was no change in the system, so this suggested that the cause was not the MQ system. The NaCl was then tested: different batches and brands of NaCl were tested with no change in the system, so this suggested that the cause was not the NaCl. This left the reagents as the possible cause. New reagents were made up with new acid and new surfactant, Brij-35, still with no change to the system. This suggested that the cause was either NEDD, Sulphanilamide or Imidazole. There was no way of testing these chemicals on board the Aurora, as all the reagent packets were from the same batch. The system was thoroughly cleaned again with 10% HCl and MQ, then surfactant, and tested again. Problems were still serious, so no further nutrients were analysed on the ship, and samples were stored for analysis in Hobart (analysis completed in May 2002). GENERAL DATA HANDLING Data for Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity was entered in to HYDRO as per normal. Plots were made of property vs station to check for suspicious data or wrongly entered data. They are based on the data in the CSV file, and can be opened via the macro CSV in A0103.XLM. Data was backed up to 250MB Iomega Zip disks. LABORATORIES The Salinometer, DO system and nutrient systems were all in the wet lab. The MQ system was in the photolab. The systems were set up on voyage 3 (October 2001), and remained on the ship till voyage 7. The salinometer was on the aft bench, starboard side near the porthole. The nutrient system was on the remaining aft bench. The DO system was on the starboard sorting bench. The port side bench near the door to the trawl deck was used to prepare reagents and runs for the nutrients. The fish bowl contained the data computer, stationary and manuals. TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL Temperature in the wet lab was controlled by an independent air conditioner on the starboard side bulkhead and by a CAL Controls Ltd 'CAL 9900' proportional derivative plus integral (PID) temperature controller. The photolab had no temperature controller. The ship's heating inlets above the salinometer were taped closed. The temperature from the air conditioner fluctuated from 16 to 18 degrees, allowing good temperature stability in the wet lab. The cold temperatures experience outside the ship during the cruise allowed for a fairly cool interior ship temperature. The air conditioner was monitored regularly to reduce large fluctuations in Temperature. The photolab was heated by the ship's air conditioning, and maintained a steady temperature. The laboratory temperature was recorded by two Tinytalk units. One was positioned beside the salinometer, while the other was positioned beside the DO system. The temperature was also measured by a digital thermometer above the salinometer and the temperature monitored by the PID controller in the wetlab. 'Indoor/outdoor' electronic thermometers were used to measure the fridge and freezer. The air temperature about the salinometer was generally 20.0 +/- 1 °C. PURIFIED WATER A new RO system was bought before voyage 3 instead of using the MBDI tanks. The system seemed to work ok so it remained on the ship for Voyage 7. However, due to the contamination in the nutrient system, the MQ filters were all changed mid-way through the cruise. About 500L (~25 x 20L carboys) of water was produced for this cruise. ADDITIONAL SAMPLES ANALYSED. 218 particulate silicate samples, taken on Voyage 3, were analysed successfully for silicate, and the results forwarded to Dr. Tom Trull during the cruise. APPENDIX 1.2 AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM02 CTD DATA, 2000/2001 SEASON - DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY Mark Rosenberg (data processor) Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors) A1.2.1 Introduction Eight CTD casts were taken through a borehole in the Amery Ice Shelf during the 2000/2001 season (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole field reports, in preparation), using an FSI 3" MicroCTD, serial 1610. Following the ice shelf field work, FSI MicroCTD calibration checks were performed on two CTD casts aboard the Aurora Australis, cruise au0106, en route back to Hobart. This appendix details processing and calibration of the data, and describes data quality. It is important to acknowledge the Amery Ice Shelf borehole drilling team for their successful data collection efforts under difficult field conditions. This acknowledgement applies to the data described in Appendices 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4. A1.2.2 Data Calibration Data were output from the FSI CTD in engineering units, with manufacturer supplied calibration coefficients (May, 2000) applied for temperature, pressure and conductivity. With these calibrations alone the data are not sufficiently accurate to be useful, and further calibration steps are required. In particular, CTD conductivity calibrations are usually obtained using in situ salinity bottle samples. Unfortunately the bottle samples collected were not useful, due to malfunction of the new Niskin bottle system deployed through the borehole along with the CTD. Final conductivity calibrations for the borehole data were therefore obtained from 2 casts aboard the Aurora Australis. For these 2 casts the FSI MicroCTD, in internally recording battery-powered mode, was attached to the ship's main rosette system, and 2 routine 12 bottle casts were taken (Table A1.2.1) with GO (i.e. General Oceanics) CTD serial 1193. TABLE A1.2.1. CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM02 CTD's, and Aurora Australis cruise au0106 FSI calibration CTD's. Note: depth to water surface=distance from top of borehole down to water surface in the borehole; bottom depth=total water depth from water surface to ocean bottom; max.P=maximum pressure of CTD cast; elevation=CTD elevation above bottom at the bottom of the cast. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Borehole CTD stn time date latitude longitude borehole depth to bottom max.P elev. depth water surf. depth (m) (m) (m) (dbar) (m) --- ---- ----------- --------- --------- -------- ----------- ------ ------ ----- 1 1010 01-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 380 46 790 800 0 3 1925 01-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 380 46 790 256 537 4 0632 02-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47 790 788 11 5 1622 02-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47 790 768 31 6 0728 03-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47 790 778 21 7 0122 04-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47 790 778 21 8 0817 05-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47.5 790 778 21 9 1253 05-JAN-2001 69:42.80S 72:38.40E 372 47.5 790 778 21 au0106 CTD 94 0243 28-FEB-2001 65:09.55S 84:33.84E - 702 - 95 0412 28-FEB-2001 65:09.68S 84:34.04E - 2002 - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ au0106 FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION The following processing steps were followed for the two au0106 casts to obtain calibration corrections for the FSI pressure and conductivity: • Surface pressure offset was found by averaging the 20 pressure points previous to the CTD entering the water. This offset was then removed from FSI pressure data. • Upcast burst data were formed by retaining the 30 sec. of data previous to each bottle firing, then averaging these 30 sec. bursts. Burst averages were then merged with GO upcast burst averages, and salinity bottle data. • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast data. • The upcast pressure burst averages for the FSI CTD were linearly fitted to the GO pressure burst averages. The following linear correction was then applied to all FSI pressure data: p(cal) = 1.00306 p(raw) + 0.24599 (A1.2.1) where p(cal) and p(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected FSI pressure. Note that when obtaining the best fit, equal weight was given to both a fit through 0 pressure at the surface, and to the rest of the pressure data. However, application of this pressure correction still causes a small error of ~0.3 dbar to pressures near the surface. • FSI conductivity was calibrated using the salinity bottle data (Figure A1.2.1), as per the method described in Rosenberg et al. (1995). Both stations were grouped together to provide a single calibration fit (i.e. no station dependent term). The linear correction obtained was: c(cal) = 0.99192 c(raw) + 0.080047 (A1.2.2) where c(cal) and c(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected FSI conductivity; this correction was applied to all FSI conductivity data. • 2 dbar averages were formed for temperature, corrected pressure and corrected conductivity, from the pressure monotonic downcast and upcast files. Note that a minimum attendance of 2 data points was required to form each 2 dbar bin. A salinity value for each 2 dbar bin was then calculated from these averages. BOREHOLE FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION • Data logged as station 2 was the upcast for station 1, and was appended to station 1 data (therefore no station 2). • Surface pressure offsets were found and applied as described above. • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast data, and the pressure and conductivity corrections found above were applied. • 2 dbar averaged files were formed for downcast and upcast data, as described above. Note that for the borehole data, a minimum attendance of 3 data points was required to form each 2 dbar bin. A1.2.3 Data Quality au0106 FSI AND GO CTD COMPARISONS Data comparisons between the FSI and GO CTD's for the 2 calibration casts on cruise au0106 are shown in Figures A1.2.3 to A1.2.6. From Figure A1.2.5, there is a temperature calibration difference between the two instruments, as follows: above 0°C t(fsi) > t(GO) by ~0.003°C below -0.4°C t(fsi) < t(GO) by ~0.005°C -0.4 to 0°C transition zone between above two ranges There appears to be a calibration offset between the two instruments at positive temperatures; at sub-zero temperatures, the response of the two instruments is different. This comparison alone does not indicate which instrument is in error, and the FSI temperature data can therefore only be assumed accurate to 0.005°C. From Figure A1.2.6, FSI and GO CTD salinities compare well, to within ~0.002 (PSS78); the exception is the downcast data in the steep vertical gradients down to ~500 dbar, where FSI salinities are greater than GO values (Figure A1.2.6a). BOREHOLE FSI CTD DATA Downcast FSI CTD data for borehole AM02 are shown in Figures A1.2.7 and A1.2.8. Note that data inside the borehole (i.e. top 300 dbar) are not shown in the figures. Downcast and upcast temperature data agree well, and all 8 stations are consistent for temperature (Figure A1.2.7). Note that at station 1, the CTD was accidentally laid on the bottom, however this does not appear to have affected temperature data. Salinity data for stations 1 to 5 (Figure A1.2.8) are unrealistically high when compared to ship-based measurements from the region (Figure A1.2.10), thus station 1 to 5 salinity data are assumed to be bad. Note that conductivity values dropped after the bottom contact during station 1, however values soon returned to normal on the upcast. The precision of salinity data for stations 6 to 9 is good, with good agreement between downcast and upcast data. Without salinity bottle data to provide in situ calibrations, these data cannot be considered up to the usual accuracy. In fact data from later seasons (Appendices 1.3 and 1.4) indicate that these salinities may be low by ~0.03 (PSS78) (i.e. conductivity low by ~0.02 mS/cm). The reason for the anomalously high salinity (i.e. conductivity) data for stations 1 to 5 is not known, however the most likely cause is physical interference with the field surrounding the inductive conductivity cell (i.e. an object too close to the sensor, but no longer there after station 5). SUMMARY OF BOREHOLE CTD DATA ______________________________________________________________________ PARAMETER ACCURACY GOOD DATA BAD DATA ----------- ----------------------------- ----------- ----------- TEMPERATURE 0.005°C STATION 1-9 - SALINITY POSSIBLY LOW BY ~0.03 (PSS78) STATION 6-9 STATION 1-5 ______________________________________________________________________ au0106 AMISOR LEG 1 CTD DATA Ship-based CTD data from cruise au0106 AMISOR leg 1 are shown in Figures A1.2.9 and A1.2.10. Note that only the stations closest to the borehole site (Figure A1.2.2) are plotted. Overall these ship-based data provide qualitative confirmation of the borehole CTD data. A1.2.4. Data File Formats 2 dbar averaged CTD data from borehole AM02 are contained in ascii and matlab format files, as follows: ASCII am02dxxx.dwc_av downcast data am02dxxx.upc_av upcast data where xxx=station number, and "c" indicates calibrated data. The files contain 2 header lines, followed by the data in column format. Note that there is a line of data for each 2 dbar bin, and missing values are filled by blanks. MATLAB am02dwn.mat downcast data am02up.mat upcast data APPENDIX 1.3. AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLE AM01 CTD DATA, 2001/2002 SEASON - DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY Mark Rosenberg (data processor) Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors) A1.3.1. Introduction Seven CTD casts were taken through a borehole in the Amery Ice Shelf during the 2001/2002 season (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole field reports, in preparation), using an FSI 3" MicroCTD, serial 1610. Following the ice shelf field work, FSI MicroCTD calibration checks were performed on three CTD casts aboard the Aurora Australis, cruise au0207, en route back to Hobart. This appendix details processing and calibration of the data, and describes data quality. A1.3.2. Data Calibration Pre-season laboratory calibrations of the FSI CTD temperature, pressure and conductivity sensors were done at CSIRO (August 2001). In the field, data were output from the FSI CTD in engineering units, with CSIRO calibration coefficients applied for temperature, pressure and conductivity. Further corrections for pressure and conductivity were obtained from in situ measurements, as detailed in the next section. For conductivity, the initial correction for the borehole data was obtained from 3 casts aboard the Aurora Australis. For these 3 casts the FSI MicroCTD, in internally recording battery-powered mode, was attached to the ship's main rosette system, and 3 routine 12 bottle casts were taken (Table A1.3.1) with GO (i.e. General Oceanics) CTD serial 2568. FSI and GO CTD data were then compared, and FSI conductivity data was calibrated against the bottle samples obtained. A final offset correction for the FSI conductivity data was obtained using in situ salinity samples collected from Niskin bottles deployed through the borehole on the ice shelf along with the CTD. These samples were analysed on the ship on the return to Hobart. TABLE A1.3.1. CTD station details for Amery Ice Shelf Borehole AM01 CTD's, and Aurora Australis cruise au0207 FSI calibration CTD's. Note: depth to water surface=distance from top of borehole down to water surface in the borehole; bottom depth=total water depth from water surface to ocean bottom; max.P=maximum pressure of CTD cast; elevation=CTD elevation above bottom at the bottom of the cast. Also note that the borehole depth given is the depth to the base of the porous ice/slush layer below the solid ice shelf. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Borehole CTD stn time date latitude longitude borehole depth to bottom max.P elev. depth water surf. depth (m) (m) (m) (dbar) (m) --- ---- ----------- --------- --------- -------- ----------- ------ ------ ----- 1 0928 10-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56.5 783 782 10 2 0110 11-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56.5 783 772 20 3 1748 11-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56.5 783 780 12 4 1136 12-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 57.4 783 776 16 5 1531 12-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56.6 783 776 16 6 0902 13-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56.5 783 786 6 7 1143 14-JAN-2002 69°26.5'S 71°25.0'E 478 56 783 772 20 au0207 CTD 53 0152 27-FEB-2002 64°41.05'S 73°01.27'E 3490 2004 - 54 0527 27-FEB-2002 64°33.13'S 73°36.04'E 3500 2004 - 55 0739 27-FEB-2002 64°32.41'S 73°32.58'E 3500 1504 - ______________________________________________________________________________________________ au0207 FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION The following processing steps were followed for the three au0207 casts to obtain calibration corrections for the FSI pressure and conductivity: • Surface pressure offset was found by averaging the 20 pressure points previous to the CTD entering the water. This offset was then removed from FSI pressure data. • Upcast burst data were formed by retaining the 30 sec. of data previous to each bottle firing, then averaging these 30 sec. bursts. Burst averages were then merged with GO upcast burst averages, and salinity bottle data. • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast data. • Comparison of FSI and GO pressure data revealed a small calibration difference, of the order 4 dbar over 2000 dbar. Assuming GO pressure as the more accurate, a correction was found for FSI pressure as follows. The upcast pressure burst averages for the FSI CTD were linearly fitted to the GO pressure burst averages. The following linear correction was then applied to all FSI pressure data: p(cal) = 1.0020 p(raw) + 0.2506 (A1.3.1) where p(cal) and p(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected FSI pressure. Note that when obtaining the best fit, equal weight was given to both a fit through 0 pressure at the surface, and to the rest of the pressure data. However, application of this pressure correction still causes a small error of ~0.3 dbar to pressures near the surface. • FSI conductivity was calibrated using the salinity bottle data (Figure A1.3.1), as per the method described in Rosenberg et al.(1995). The 3 stations were grouped together to provide a single calibration fit (i.e. no station dependent term). The linear correction obtained was: c(cal) = 0.99662 c(raw) + 0.080084 (A1.3.2) where c(cal) and c(raw) are respectively the corrected and uncorrected FSI conductivity; this correction was applied to all FSI conductivity data. • 2 dbar averages were formed for temperature, corrected pressure and corrected conductivity, from the pressure monotonic downcast and upcast files. Note that a minimum attendance of 2 data points was required to form each 2 dbar bin. A salinity value for each 2 dbar bin was then calculated from these averages. BOREHOLE FSI CTD PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION • Surface pressure offsets were found and applied as described above. • Separate pressure monotonic files were formed for downcast and upcast data, and the pressure and conductivity corrections found from the ship comparisons, described above, were applied. • The physical mounting of the FSI CTD on the borehole seacable and on the ship's rosette frame in both cases resulted in physical objects lying within the interference range of the conductivity cell. As a consequence, the ship-based conductivity correction was not expected to give the most accurate conductivity data for the borehole measurements. Good salinity samples were however obtained from the Niskin bottles deployed through the borehole, allowing an additional correction to be applied to FSI conductivity data. Salinity ranges below the ice shelf were small enough (~0.2 PSS78, Figure A1.3.6) that a simple offset correction was adequate. Comparison CTD and bottle salinities, the following offset correction was obtained: c(newcal) = c(cal) + 0.0205 (A1.3.3) where c(cal) is the conductivity from equation 2 above, and c(newcal) is the final corrected conductivity value (equivalent to a salinity correction of ~0.028 PSS78). This final correction was applied to all borehole CTD conductivity data. • 2 dbar averaged files were formed for downcast and upcast data, as described above. Note that for the borehole data, a minimum attendance of 1 data point was required to form each 2 dbar bin. • Communication problems up the seacable were encountered when deploying the CTD through the borehole, and all stations were logged at ~0.3Hz. Note that the CTD was lowered and raised at slower rates than the previous season, to compensate for the decreased data frequency. For stations 6 and 7, the data were logged internally at 1.83 Hz. These internally logged data, at the higher sampling rate, were used for stations 6 and 7. A1.3.3. DATA QUALITY au0207 FSI AND GO CTD COMPARISONS Data comparisons between the FSI and GO CTD's for 1 of the 3 calibration casts on cruise au0207 are shown in Figures A1.3.3 to A1.3.5. From Figure A1.3.4, the temperature calibration difference between the two instruments appears to be ~0.003°C for the downcast, and ~0.005°C for the upcast, with significantly greater differences at low temperatures around the temperature minimum (Figure A1.3.3). Closer inspection of the vertical temperature profiles for the two CTD's reveals the large temperature difference around the temperature minimum is in fact due to pressure calibration differences causing vertical offset of the two profiles. And the larger temperature difference apparent on the upcast (Figure A1.3.4b) is again due to pressure calibration differences - in this case there is hysteresis of the pressure sensor for one of the two CTD's, causing increased vertical offset of the upcast temperature profiles for the two instruments. So temperature values for the two CTD's agree to within 0.003°C. From Figure A1.3.5, FSI and GO CTD salinities compare reasonably well, to within ~0.003 (PSS78). As above for temperature, the pressure calibration differences exaggerate the salinity difference around steep vertical gradients. Borehole FSI CTD data Downcast FSI CTD data for borehole AM01 are shown in Figure A1.3.6. Note that data inside the borehole (i.e. top 300 dbar) are not shown in the figures. Downcast and upcast temperature and salinity data agree well, and in general the data are good for all 7 stations. Application of the additional conductivity offset correction derived from comparison with the Niskin bottle salinity samples, as described above, makes the FSI salinity data more accurate than data from the 2000/2001 borehole (AM02). The profiles (Figure A1.3.6) clearly show the transition between the solid ice shelf and the porous layer at ~325 dbar. The next transition between the porous layer and clear water can be seen at ~420 dbar. Most stations then show a fairly homogeneous layer of ice shelf water below this, with a layer thickness of between 50 and 80 dbar. SUMMARY OF BOREHOLE CTD DATA • good data for all 7 stations • data logged at ~0.3 Hz for stations 1 to 5 • internally logged data, at the higher sampling rate of 1.83 Hz, used for stations 6 and 7 • data accuracy: temperature <0.005°C salinity <0.004 (PSS78) pressure ~2dbar • The complete CTD data (i.e not averaged into 2 dbar bins) for the time series station (logged as station 3a) are in the file am01d03a.cc • The complete CTD data (i.e. not averaged into 2 dbar bins) for station 7, including 2 partial down and upcasts, plus stops at several depths for current measurements, are in the file am02d07a.cc au0207 SHIP BASED CTD DATA Ship-based CTD data from cruise au0207 (Figure A1.3.2) along the Amery Ice Shelf front are shown in Figure A1.3.7. Note that only the stations 46 to 52 are plotted. Overall these ship-based data provide qualitative confirmation of the borehole CTD data. A1.3.4. Data File Formats 2 dbar averaged CTD data from borehole AM01 are contained in ascii and matlab format files, as follows: ASCII am01d00x.dcc_av downcast data am01d00x.ucc_av upcast data am01d0xa.cc complete data (i.e. not averaged into 2 dbar bins) where x=station number, and "cc" indicates calibrated data. The files contain 2 header lines, followed by the data in column format. Note that for 2 dbar averaged data there is a line of data for each 2 dbar bin, and missing values are filled by blanks. MATLAB am01dwn.mat downcast data am01up.mat upcast data APPENDIX 1.4. AMERY ICE SHELF BOREHOLES AM01 AND AM02 MICROCAT DATA - DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY Mark Rosenberg (data processor) Amery Ice Shelf borehole drill team (data collectors) Three SeaBird SBE37IM inductive modem microcats were deployed at each of the Amery Ice Shelf boreholes AM01 and AM02, hanging suspended from the base of the ice shelf and frozen in (M. Craven et al., AMISOR borehole field reports, in preparation). This appendix describes the data processing and data quality. All microcat data were assigned a consistent decimal time scheme, using decimal days as counted from midnight on December 31st 2000. So, e.g. midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; midday on January 1st 2002 = 365.5. Note that this time scheme is consistent with all the AMISOR oceanographic mooring data (Part 2 of this report). The microcats recorded temperature, conductivity and pressure (note that the microcats on the 9 oceanographic moorings offshore from the ice shelf did not have pressure sensors). The instruments were all set to a recording interval of 30 minutes. Station information for the moorings at the two borehole locations are is in Appendices 1.2 and 1.3, at the time of deployment. These locations change in time, as the ice shelf is in motion. TABLE A1.4.1. Borehole microcat details. Mean instrument positions are over the recording period (~13 months for AM02, ~8 days for AM01). _________________________________________________________________________ borehole microcat mean instrument position time (days) no. of depth pressure between start and sec. (m) (dbar) clock check fast -------- -------- ------------------------ ----------------- ------ AM02 1623 334.9 338.6 401.5 120 AM02 1624 556.6 563.0 401.5 300 AM02 1174 762.8 772.0 401.5 120 AM01 1969 436.1 441.0 8.0 0 AM01 1970 574.5 581.2 8.0 0 AM01 1971 733.5 742.3 8.0 0 _________________________________________________________________________ The microcats were downloaded by Al Elcheikh using the SeaBird terminal program Seaterm (version 1.22), and instrument clock errors were noted at the time (Table A1.4.1). These errors were only noted to the nearest minute. In addition, the exact day when the instrument clocks were set had to be estimated. Therefore after correction for clock drift error, instrument times in the final data can only be considered accurate to one minute. Communication was made with the microcats on several occasions for the mooring at AM02. After each communication, logging commenced at a different part of the hour, and as a consequence there are several time discontinuities through the time series. For the mooring at AM02, these discontinuities are at the following times: microcat 1623: ~1630 on 9/1/2001; ~0430 on 16/1/2001; ~0630 on 14/2/2001 microcat 1624: ~1700 on 9/1/2001; ~0500 on 16/1/2001; ~0730 on 14/2/2001 microcat 1174: ~1700 on 9/1/2001; ~0500 on 16/1/2001; ~0800 on 14/2/2001 No discontinuities are present in the first download of microcat data from AM01. Manufacturer supplied calibrations (July/August/September 2000 for AM02 instruments, May/June 2001 for AM01 instruments) were applied internally by the microcats, and calibrated data were output. The data were then processed as follows: • The raw files were manually edited to remove data where the microcats were being deployed. • The files were padded at the start and end, and data gaps were checked for and filled; decimal times were also calculated. • Decimal times were "compressed" linearly throughout the time series to correct for clock error. No compression was required for AM01 microcats at this stage, due to the short initial time series of ~8 days. After this time correction for AM02 microcats, the data are therefore at irregular record intervals. Reinterpolation onto regular time intervals was not undertaken, due to the assumed resulting errors. A brief comparison was made between borehole microcat and CTD temperature and salinity data. Although no simultaneous microcat and CTD measurements exist, the time difference was only of the order of several days, and a valid comparison can still be made in TS space. Fairly good agreement was found between the CTD and microcat data for borehole AM01 (Figure A1.4.4) in the 2001/2002 season. For the earlier borehole AM02 in the 2000/2001 season, temperatures agree fairly well, but CTD salinities are on average ~0.03 (PSS78) lower than microcat salinities (Figure A1.4.3). Note that for AM02, no borehole Niskin bottle samples were available to correct the CTD data (Appendix 1.2). However the correction found for the AM01 CTD salinities from the borehole Niskins was +0.028 (Appendix 1.3). This value is very close to the above microcat/CTD salinity difference for AM02. It is therefore assumed that the microcat data are correct, and the AM02 CTD salinity values are low by ~0.03. 2.1. INTRODUCTION An array of 9 moorings (Figure 1.1 earlier in the report, and Figure 2.1) was deployed along the front of the Amery Ice Shelf as part of the AMISOR program, outlined in Part 1 of this report. Mooring instrumentation included 27 thermosalinographs, 5 temperature loggers, 25 rotor current meters, 1 acoustic current meter, 4 acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) and 2 upward looking sonars (ULS). This section describes data processing and data quality for the AMISOR oceanographic moorings, and the data are summarised graphically. Deployment and recovery details are described in unpublished cruise reports. Data from the Amery Ice Shelf borehole microcat moorings are discussed earlier in the report in Appendix 1.4. Mooring diagrams are shown in Figures 2.2 to 2.4, and mooring details are summarised in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. Data file formats are summarised in Appendix 2.1. TABLE 2.1. Instrument types used on AMISOR moorings. For parameters, T=temperature, C=conductivity, P=pressure, SPD=current speed, DIR=current direction, Tu=turbidity. For the RCM5's and RCM8's, not all instruments include P, and C is included only on RCM5's serials 8662, 8663 and 8670 (Table 2.4). _______________________________________________________________________________ instrument type parameters measured recording interval ---------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------- SeaBird SBE37SM microcat T,C 5 minutes SeaBird SBE39 T 5 minutes Aanderaa RCM5 current meter SPD,DIR,T,P 60 minutes Aanderaa RCM8 current meter SPD,DIR,T,P 60 minutes Aanderaa RCM9 current meter SPD,DIR,T,P,C,Tu 20 minutes RDI Broadband 150kHz ADCP, upward looking orientation, convex 4 beam pattern SPD,DIR,T,roll,pitch 60 minutes Upward looking sonar, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia ice thickness, varied bursts, T, P, tilt according to season _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.2. INITIAL DATA PROCESSING 2.2.1. General All mooring data were assigned a consistent decimal time scheme, using decimal days as counted from midnight on December 31st 2000. So, e.g., midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; midday on January 1st 2002 = 365.5. Proximity of instruments to the south magnetic pole makes magnetic variation significant for current measurements. An average magnetic declination value was calculated for each mooring site, using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field - 2000, as modelled by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Division V, Working Group 8. The program geomag31 was downloaded from the NOAA website www.ngdc.noaa.gov, and for each mooring location the program was run over the time interval 15th February 2001 to 15th February 2002, in 2 month time steps; an average at each location was calculated from the 2 month values. These average values (Table 2.2) were then applied as a constant correction to current meter measurements (Aanderaas and moored ADCP's). The various instrumentation types are summarised in Table 2.1. Data from the upward looking sonars (ULS) (principal investigator Ian Allison, Australian Antarctic Division) are not discussed further in this report. 2.2.2 Microcat and SBE39 During the recovery of mooring AMISOR2, a yellow protective plug was found still fitted to the lower end of the conductivity cell on microcat 321. As a result optimum flushing of the cell may have been impeded during the time in the water, however from initial inspection of the record the conductivity/salinity data appear to be okay. Microcat and SBE39 data were dumped from the instruments at sea (cruise au0207), using the SeaBird terminal program Seaterm (version 1.22). When first communicating with each instrument, clock error was noted (Table 2.3). All instruments recorded successfully, however faulty sensors caused significant data loss for 3 of the microcats (see data quality section). Note that the raw downloaded files were much "cleaner" (i.e. less data stream errors) than the equivalent downloaded files from the Mertz Polynya deployments (Rosenberg et al., 2001). Manufacturer supplied pre-deployment calibrations (August 2000) were applied internally by the microcats, and calibrated data were output. The output files were manually edited to remove out of water data at the start and end of files, then the program "catfixamisor" was run to pad files at the start and end, calculate decimal times, check for and fill data gaps, fix bad temperature reads due to data stream problems, recalculate conductivity (for microcats only) using the correct deployment pressure, and calculate salinity (for microcats only). Note that there were no pressure sensors on any of these microcats, and a constant pressure value was used for all conductivity and salinity calculations. All files were padded to start from the first record on on 1st February 2001, and to end at the last record on 27th February 2002. Prior to deployment the microcats and SBE39's were all setup to start recording at exactly 1200 UTC on 14th February 2001. For an unknown reason, data recording for all the instruments commenced at various times between 1 and 2 minutes after the hour, thus first records for the different instruments are not simultaneous. Note that this unexplained delay in commencement of logging was unrelated to clock drift over the deployment period. After recovery of the instruments, the microcat clocks were typically running 1 to 4 minutes fast; SBE39 clocks were running ~1 minute slow (Table 2.3). The program "catstretchamisor" was run to compress (or stretch) all decimal times to correct for this clock drift. The correction was applied linearly throughout the time series. After this correction the data were NOT reinterpolated onto regular time intervals - this would have led to aliasing problems. Thus the recording intervals in the final data set are irregular, with different intervals for the different time series. These differences are however very small, only a few minutes over a year; and they are insignificant between successive data records. 2.2.3 Aanderaa RCM's Aanderaa RCM data were dumped from the instruments at sea on cruise au0207. Clock error to the nearest minute was noted when first communicating with each instrument (Table 2.3). 25 of the 26 RCM's recorded successfully - of these, 5 instruments stopped logging good data 4 to 5 months prior to recovery; the 26th instrument (RCM8-10284) failed to log any good data. The Aanderaa program DSU5059 was used to apply calibration coefficients (see Table 2.4 for calibration dates) and to add time stamps to the raw data files. The files output by the program were then edited to change some of the undesirable format features created by DSU5059. Next, the program "aand_amisorfix" ("aand_rcm9fix" for the RCM9) was run to reformat the data, apply the local magnetic declination correction (Table 2.2), calculate u and v current components, and convert the pressure sensor units to dbar. Files output at this stage were edited to remove out of water data at the start and end. The program "aand_amisordectime" ("aand_rcm9dectime" for the RCM9) was then run to pad files at the start and end, calculate decimal times, and check for and fill data gaps. All files were padded to start from 0030 UTC on 1st February 2001, and to end at the last record on 27th February 2002. TABLE 2.2. Summary of mooring details. Note: magdec=average magnetic declination. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ mooring position deployment recovery ocean magdec d(magdec)/dt instrument instrument position time (UTC) (release) depth (deg) (deg/year) depth pressure time (UTC) (m) (m) (dbar) ------- ------------- ---------- ----------- ----- ------ ------------ ------------ ----- -------- amisor1 69° 22.014'S, 1313, 0600, 750 -76.46 -0.14 RCM8-10867 367 371.2 7° 38.153'E 16/02/2001 22/02/2002 microcat-315 368 372.2 RCM8-10919 459 464.4 microcat-316 460 465.4 RCM8-10282 571 577.8 microcat-317 572 578.8 microcat-318 725 733.9 RCM5-7837x 735 744.0 amisor2 69° 12.001'S, 1607, 1208, 672 -75.88 -0.14 RCM8-10868 370 374.2 74° 05.962'E 16/02/2001 21/02/2002 microcat-319 371 375.3 RCM8-10993 462 467.4 microcat-320 463 468.4 microcat-321 647 654.8 RCM8-10917 657 665.0 amisor3 68° 52.386'S, 0544, 0748, 768 -75.16 -0.14 SBE39-089 324 327.7 73° 33.310'E 17/02/2001 21/02/2002 RCM8-10914 347 351.0 microcat-322 348 352.0 RCM8-10869 439 444.1 microcat-323 440 445.1 RCM8-10996 551 557.5 microcat-324 552 558.5 RCM8-10311 663 671.0 microcat-325 664 672.0 microcat-326 743 752.1 RCM5-8670x 753 762.3 amisor4 68° 35.314'S, 1248, 0903, 538 -74.09 -0.14 BE39-107 347 350.9 72° 30.236'E 17/02/2001 12/02/2002 microcat-327 366 370.2 ADCP-0136 367 371.2 RCM8-10915 459 464.3 microcat-328 460 465.4 microcat-329 513 519.0 RCM8-10768 523 529.2 amisor5 68° 34.840'S, 1546, 2355, 472 -73.43 -0.14 SBE39-112 345 348.9 71° 39.816'E 17/02/2001 10/02/2002 microcat-330 364 368.2 ADCP-1136 365 369.2 microcat-332 447 452.2 RCM8-10704 457 462.3 amisor6 68° 30.330'S, 0423, 0440, 786 -72.76 -0.14 ADCP-0135 365 369.2 70° 51.770'E 18/02/2001 11/02/2002 microcat-380 366 370.2 RCM8-10916 457 462.3 microcat-908 458 463.3 RCM8-10284 569 575.8 microcat-909 570 576.8 RCM8-10701 681 689.3 SBE39-111 682 690.3 microcat-911 761 770.4 RCM8-10703 771 780.5 amisor7 68° 28.659'S, 0945, 0742, 135 -72.36 -0.14 ADCP-1143 378 382.3 70° 23.118'E 18/02/2001 11/02/2002 microcat-912 379 383.3 RCM8-10918 470 475.5 microcat-913 471 476.5 RCM8-7838x 582 588.9 microcat-914 583 589.9 RCM8-10998 694 702.4 microcat-1119 695 703.5 SBE39-115 805 815.5 RCM8-10702 906 917.5 microcat-1120 907 918.5 microcat-1121 1110 1124.6 RCM9-597_9 120 1134.7 amisor8 69° 00.020'S, 0418, 0854, 717 -76.64 -0.14 ULS3-SOFAR 172 173.9 (uls1) 75° 18.680'E 21/02/2001 14/02/2002 RCM5-8662x 199 201.2 amisor9 68° 33.693'S, (position at deployment) 72° 42.297'E (uls2) 68° 32.135'S, 0904, 0508, 629 -74.15 -0.14 ULS5 -SO-ON 253 255.8 72° 38.536'E 17/02/2001 16/02/2002 (position at recovery) RCM5-8663x 278 281.1 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After recovery of the instruments, the RCM clocks were typically running 10 to 15 minutes slow (Table 2.3). The program "aand_stretch" ("aand_rcm9stretch") was run to stretch all decimal times to correct for the clock drift. The correction was applied linearly throughout the time series; data were NOT then reinterpolated onto regular time intervals. As a consequence the recording intervals in the final data set are irregular. For the 5 RCM's which stopped recording several months early (serials 10703, 10915, 10993, 10282 and 10311), the clock drift value was estimated based on the measured values for the other RCM's. For instrument 10311, logging recommenced when the instrument was retrieved. The clock drift however could still not be directly measured, so an estimate was required. 2.2.4. Moored ADCP The moored ADCP's were set up with the following logging parameters: no. of bins = 40 bin length = 8.0 m blank after transmit = 2.0 m distance to centre of first bin = 11.0 m pings per ensemble = 20 time between pings = 2.00 s When the ADCP's were checked several days prior to deployment, 0135 had failed. The instrument was opened up and the circuit boards and batteries reseated. The instrument was then reprogrammed for deployment. Data from the ADCP's were dumped on cruise au0207, using the RDI program BBtalk. Of the 4 instruments, 0136 and 1136 recorded data for the full deployment time; 0135 failed after ~10 weeks in the water, including a gap of 24 days of no recording after only 6 days in the water; and 1143 failed during deployment (i.e. no data). An accurate clock drift could only be determined for instrument 0136. The clock drift for 0135 and 1136 had to be estimated (Table 2.3), and as a result the times for these two instruments can only be considered accurate to ~5 minutes. The raw data were initially converted to matlab format using the RDI program WINADCP by Bernadette Heaney at CSIRO. The files were then processed as follows: (a) Files were manually edited to remove several small time recording errors. (b) The program "adcpfixamisor" was run to reformat the matlab matrices and vectors. TABLE 2.3. Instrument clock errors. Note: time fast in seconds for microcat and SBE39, in minutes for RCM and ADCP. For RCM's and ADCP's, * indicates estimated value. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ instrument no. of time (days) between | instrument no. of time (days) between sec. fast start and clock check | min. fast start and clock check ---------- --------- --------------------- | ---------- --------- --------------------- microcat | RCM 315 117 441.1785 | 10282 -10* 388.4063* 316 134 441.2674 | 10284 - - 317 199 441.3354 | 10311 -12* 390.5979 318 127 441.4028 | 10701 -15 391.1146 319 181 440.2000 | 10702 -12 390.3625 320 230 440.3042 | 10703 -15* 391.1146* 321 189 440.3792 | 10704 -15 388.4063 322 5 440.4458 | 10768 -12 390.4042 323 55 440.6181 | 10867 -15 389.1563 324 156 440.6958 | 10868 -22 389.3278 325 73 440.7806 | 10869 -14 390.3639 326 175 441.1090 | 10914 -12 390.3625 327 62 437.1646 | 10915 -12* 390.3625* 328 166 437.0986 | 10916 -13 391.1132 329 144 436.0424 | 10917 -15 389.3229 330 128 435.5875 | 10918 -12 390.5292 332 135 435.3785 | 10919 -16 389.1569 380 228 435.2632 | 10993 -9* 389.3188* 908 70 433.3424 | 10996 -9 389.3188 909 157 433.4556 | 10998 -8 390.5264 911 230 433.5160 | 7837 -9 389.1525 912 234 433.6660 | 7838 -10 390.5278 913 137 433.7347 | 8662 -9 390.1942 914 229 434.0604 | 8663 -9 390.1942 1119 248 434.5347 | 8670 -9 389.3192 1120 244 435.1215 | 597 -10 391.2778 1121 130 435.1917 | | SBE39 | ADCP 0089 -52 437.3389 | 0135 -10* - 0107 -65 436.2382 | 0136 -9 36.0326 0111 -60 437.0938 | 1136 -10* - 0112 -75 436.4583 | 1143 - - 0115 -71 437.2118 | _____________________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE 2.4. Aanderaa RCM5, 8 and 9 sensor calibration dates. T=temperature, P=pressure, DIR=direction, C=conductivity. For RCM9-597, a turbidity sensor was included (calibration date Sep 2000). _____________________________________________________________ Instrument sensor calibration date T P DIR C ---------- -------- ----------- -------- ----------- 10282 Apr 1991 Feb 1998 Feb 1998 no C sensor 10284 Apr 1991 Feb 1993 Apr 1991 no C sensor 10311 Jul 1999 Feb 1998 Feb 1998 no C sensor 10701 Apr 1992 Mar 1994 Apr 1992 no C sensor 10702 Apr 1994 Jan 1996 Apr 1994 no C sensor 10703 Apr 1992 no P sensor Apr 1992 no C sensor 10704 Apr 1992 no P sensor Apr 1992 no C sensor 10768 May 1992 no P sensor May 1992 no C sensor 10867 unknown Feb 1998 Feb 1998 no C sensor 10868 unknown Feb 1998 Feb 1998 no C sensor 10869 Oct 1992 Oct 1992 Oct 1992 no C sensor 10914 Jul 1999 Jul 1999 Feb 1993 no C sensor 10915 Jul 1999 Jul 1999 Feb 1993 no C sensor 10916 Feb 1993 Jan 1996 Feb 1993 no C sensor 10917 Feb 1993 no P sensor Feb 1993 no C sensor 10918 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 no C sensor 10919 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 no C sensor 10993 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 no C sensor 10996 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 no C sensor 10998 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 Feb 1993 no C sensor 7837 Jun 1999 May 1998 Sep 1997 no C sensor 7838 Jun 1999 May 1998 Sep 1997 no C sensor 8662 Jul 1999 Jul 1999 Feb 1998 no calibration 8663 Jul 1999 Jul 1999 Feb 1998 no calibration 8670 May 1988 no P sensor May 1988 May 1988 597 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 Sep 2000 _____________________________________________________________ (c) The program "adcptimeamisor" was run to remove out of water data at the start and end, check for and fill data gaps, and pad the files to start at the first record on 1st February 2001. (d) The program "adcpcalamisor" was run to convert data to engineering units, apply data quality control, and apply the local magnetic declination correction (Table 2.2). The following quality controls were applied to the direction, speed and velocity component data: • If PG4 < 80% (where PG4 is the percent good of 4 beam solutions used in making the ensemble), flag bin as bad. • If average beam correlation < 70, flag bin as bad. • Flag bins 35 to 40 of each ensemble as bad due to side lobe contamination. • If orientation flag = 0, flag the entire ensemble as bad. The bins and ensembles flagged as bad were converted to null data (NaN) in the matlab files. (e) Lastly, the program "adcpstretchamisor" was run to correct decimal times for clock drift, applying the correction linearly throughout the record. Data were NOT reinterpolated onto regular time intervals after this correction. Note that in the final matlab files, rows 1 to 40 in the matrices and vectors correspond to vertical bins 40 to 1 (noting that vertical bin 1 is the deepest bin for an upward looking ADCP). 2.3. DATA QUALITY AND FURTHER DATA PROCESSING Microcat and SBE39 temperature and salinity data are plotted in Figures 2.5a to n. Aanderaa current meter velocity vectors are plotted in Figures 2.6a to h, including moored ADCP velocity vectors from bin 2. This section outlines data quality from the instruments. Table 2.6 provides a summary of cautions to data quality. 2.3.1. Microcat and SBE39 data Data comparisons were made between the different instruments on each mooring, and between the moored instruments and CTD data from cruises au0106 and au0207 (Table 2.5). In general, most of the microcat data are consistent with CTD measurements. For the 3 microcats serials 318, 322 and 323, the temperature sensor failed during the deployment. Conductivity sensor measurements were okay for these instruments, however the conductivity data could not be converted to engineering values without temperature data. For the microcat conductivity/salinity data in general, the largest spikes which are obviously bad data have been removed. Numerous smaller salinity spikes occur which have not been removed, falling into 2 categories: smaller spikes possibly due to fouling; and during times of increased temperature and salinity variability, spiking most likely due to insufficient flushing of the conductivity cell resulting in mismatch of temperature and conductivity data. It may be possible to use temperature- salinity plots to confirm the plausibility of outlying data points, however no attempt has been made here to quality control these numerous periods of spiking. The following suspect microcat data were removed from the files (for the parameters, T=temperature, C=conductivity, S=salinity): _________________________________________________________________________________________ microcat parameter data point numbers comments -------- --------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------- 315 C,S 9001-9002 spiking 315 C,S 8113-48159 offset possibly due to fouling 317 C,S 32221-32323 offset possibly due to fouling 318 T,C,S 18994-111239 T sensor failed 319 C,S 105187 spiking 320 C,S 4515-4519 transient error at start of deployment 320 C,S 20831 spiking 320 C,S 102011-102760 offset possibly due to fouling 321 C,S 4515-4619 transient error at start of deployment 322 T,C,S whole record T sensor failed 323 T,C,S whole record T sensor failed 324 C,S 12658-19961 offset possibly due to fouling 326 C,S 22606-22615 spiking 326 C,S 53297-53314 offset possibly due to fouling 328 C,S 4765-14976 C data ramping up for first few weeks 332 C,S 29204 spiking 380 C,S 57322; 57323; 57326 spiking 908 C,S 101459-101460 spiking 909 C,S 52633-52634; 107144-107150 spiking 911 C,S 43503-43524; 43535-43536; 43538; 43546-43548 spiking 912 C,S 17670-17676 spiking 914 C,S 100668-100669 spiking 1120 C,S 18917; 19640 spiking _________________________________________________________________________________________ The following suspect microcat data were not removed from the files: MICROCAT PARAMETER DATA POINT NUMBERS 332 C,S 15676-15680 For the SBE39 measurements, temperature data from sbe39-111 and sbe39-115 appear to be ~0.005°C lower than microcat and CTD data. This same difference was found for SBE39 data from the earlier Mertz Polynya deployments (Rosenberg et al., 2001). The remaining 3 SBE39's, serials 089, 107 and 112, were at shallower depths (Table 2.2) where temperatures were more variable: the existence of a similar temperature difference for these 3 instruments could not be determined, although note that the same difference value was found for these instruments on the Mertz Polynya deployments. TABLE 2.5. CTD stations suitable for comparison with mooring microcat data. _______________________________________________________ mooring CTD nearest CTD distance between CTD cruise station station and mooring (nautical miles) ------- -------- ------------ -------------------- 1 au0106 91 (lap2.3) 1.40 1 au0106 45 (lap1.3) 0.45 1 au0207 51 (lap3.3) 1.44 2 au0106 88 (lap2.6) 1.19 2 au0106 48 (lap1.6) 0.33 2 au0207 48 (lap3.6) 1.38 3 au0106 84 (lap2.10) 1.20 3 au0106 52 (lap1.10) 0.17 3 au0207 31 (lap2.10) 1.50 4 au0106 79 (lap2.15) 1.90 4 au0106 58 (lap1.15) 0.48 4 au0207 26 (lap2.15) 1.06 5 au0106 76 (lap2.18) 1.70 5 au0106 61 (lap1.18) 0.32 5 au0207 23 (lap2.18) 1.38 5 au0207 9 (lap1.18) 1.49 6 au0106 73 (lap2.21) 1.52 6 au0106 64 (lap1.21) 0.52 6 au0207 20 (lap2.21) 1.18 6 au0207 6 (lap1.21) 1.50 7 au0106 71 (lap2.23) 1.40 7 au0106 66 (lap1.23) 1.33 7 au0207 18 (lap2.23) 1.25 7 au0207 4 (lap1.23) 0.79 _______________________________________________________ 2.3.2. Aanderaa RCM data Most of the RCM current data appears to be good. The temperature data from the RCM's should not be used, as sensor calibrations are often very old (Table 2.4), and data are not as accurate as data from the adjacent microcats and SBE39's. Pressure data from the RCM's are often incorrect, and in general they should not be used quantitatively. Pressure records can however be useful for qualitative assessment of changes in mooring tilt throughout the deployment. In particular, pressure data from RCM5-8663 shows the exact time mooring AMISOR9 was dragged by an iceberg (Figure 2.8). Dragging appears to have commenced after 0030 on 07/05/2001 UTC, and ended before 0530 on 07/05/2001 UTC. For 3 of the RCM's, serials 10868, 10914 and 8670, there is a small range of compass directions which do not occur (Figure 2.9), due to a hardware problem with the compass. Data records where this occurs do have direction values assigned, however the inaccuracy will be according to the width of this "shadow" in direction values (Figure 2.9). The following suspect RCM data were removed from the files (for the parameters SPD=current speed and direction, T=temperature, P=pressure, C=conductivity): _________________________________________________________________________ RCM parameter data point numbers comments ----- --------- ------------------ --------------------------------- 10282 T whole record bad data 10282 SPD,P 4849-end good data ends on 22/08/2001 10311 T whole record bad data 10311 SPD,P 5161-end good data ends on 04/09/2001 10702 SPD,T,P 8883-end good data ends on 06/02/2002 10703 SPD,T 5125-end good data ends on 02/09/2001 10768 SPD,T 8667-end good data ends on 28/01/2002 10915 SPD,T,P 5746-end good data ends on 28/09/2001 10993 SPD,T,P 5576-end good data ends on 21/09/2001 10998 SPD 7949-end speed data goes bad on 29/12/2001 7837 T whole record bad data _________________________________________________________________________ The following suspect RCM data were not removed from the files: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ RCM parameter data point numbers comments ----- --------- ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 10867 P most of record starts at plausible value then drifting to lower values 10868 P most of record starts at plausible value then drifting to lower values 10869 P whole record drifting to lower values 7837 P whole record too low by ~80 dbar 8662 P whole record too high by ~200 dbar 8662 C whole record calibration unreliable 8663 C whole record drifting values 8670 C whole record calibration unreliable _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.3.3. Moored ADCP data Moored ADCP current speed and direction values were compared with adjacent Aanderaa RCM current speed and direction - reasonably good correspondence was found, with the currents in phase (no figures are presented). A comparison was also made between moored ADCP data and ship-based ADCP data, from both marine science cruises (Figure 2.7a to c). Although mooring and ship-based measurements exactly coincident in space and time were not available, the measurements were close enough to assess compatibility. Current magnitude, direction and profile shape are in general agreement between the two data sources for cruise au0106. There is more variability for cruise au0207, due in part to the increased variability of the ship- based ADCP measurements, in particular for the measurements near mooring AMISOR4 (Figure 2.7a). TABLE 2.6. Summary of cautions to mooring intrument data quality. For parameters, T=temperature, C=conductivity, S=salinity, P=pressure. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ instrument mooring parameters caution -------------------- ----------- ---------- -------------------------------------------- microcat-321 2 C,S optimum flushing of C cell may have been impeded: initial inspection of data reveals no problems microcat-326 3 C,S data points 53297-53314 are suspect microcat-332 5 C,S data points 15676-15680 are suspect all microcats all C,S periods of increased T and S variability may include implausible salinity values as small spikes sbe39-111 & 115 6 & 7 T appear to be ~0.005°C low sbe39-089,107 & 112 3,4 & 5 T no direct evidence for values being too low, but treat data with caution when considering accuracies better than 0.005°C RCM8-10282,10993, 10311,10915 & 10703 1,2,3,4 & 6 time clock drift estimated all RCM's all T, P use T data from adjacent microcats/SBE39's; use P data qualitatively only RCM5-8670 & 8662 8 & 3 C unreliable conductivity calibrations RCM5-8663 9 C drifting values ADCP-1136 & 0135 5 & 6 time clock drift estimated - time only accurate to ~ 5 minutes _____________________________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX 2.1. MOORING DATA FILE FORMATS For all instruments, the following definitions apply for matlab vectors (where xxx=instrument, e.g. cat318, rcm10915, d0136): xxx_dectime = decimal time (decimal days from midnight on December 31st 2000; so, e.g.,midday on January 1st 2001 = 0.5 decimal time; midday on January 1st 2002 = 365.5) xxx_cond = conductivity (mS/cm) xxx_sal = salinity (PSS78) xxx_temp = temperature (°C, ITS90) xxx_press = pressure (dbar) xxx_spd = current speed (cm/s) xxx_dir = current direction (o true, towards which the current is flowing) xxx_u = E/W current component (cm/s, +ve towards the east) xxx_v = N/S current component (cm/s, +ve towards the north) Note that the above decimal time convention applies to the whole AMISOR data set, including ship-based CTD and ADCP data, mooring data, and borehole CTD and microcat data. For the moored ADCP matlab files, the following additional definitions apply: xxx_ampy (for y=1-4) = echo amplitude (counts) of beams 1, 2, 3 and 4 xxx_avbeamcor = average beam correlation (counts) xxx_bindep = depth (m) (from surface) to centre of each vertical bin xxx_ensemble = ensemble number xxx_errv = RMS error velocity (cm/s) xxx_heading = instrument heading (° true) - not to be confused with current direction xxx_orien = instrument orientation flag xxx_pcntgd4 = average percentage of good 4 beam solutions used in making the bin xxx_pitch = pitch (°) of instrument xxx_roll = roll (°) of instrument xxx_w = vertical velocity (cm/s, +ve upwards) Note that for moored ADCP data: • rows 1 to 40 in matlab matrices and vectors correspond to vertical bins 40 to 1 (i.e. row 40 = bin 1, the deepest bin for an upward looking ADCP); • all currents are in earth co-ordinates (i.e. absolute current values). For mooring header information matlab files, the following definitions apply (where mmm=mooring number, e.g. amisor7; xxx defined as above): xxx_d = instrument depth (m) xxx_p = instrument pressure (dbar) mmm_botd = bottom depth (m) at mooring site mmm_lat = latitude of mooring site (decimal degrees, -ve = south) mmm_lon = longitude of mooring site (decimal degrees, +ve = east) REFERENCES Cowley, R., 2001. A practical manual for the determination of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine Research report, 2001. Cowley, R. and Johnston, N., 1999. Investigations into the chemistry used for orthophosphate analysis in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine Research report, July 1999. Eriksen, R., 1997. A practical manual for the determination of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in seawater. Antarctic CRC Research Report No. 11, January 1997, 83 pp. Rosenberg, M., Eriksen, R., Bell, S., Bindoff, N. and Rintoul, S., 1995. Aurora Australis marine science cruise AU9407 - oceanographic field measurements and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Research Report No. 6, July 1995. 97 pp. Rosenberg, M., unpublished. Aurora Australis ADCP data status. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report, November 1999. 51 pp. Rosenberg, M., Bindoff, N., Bray, S., Curran, C., Helmond, I., Miller, K., McLaughlan, D. and Richman, J., 2001. Mertz Polynya Experiment, marine science cruises AU9807, AU9801, AU9905, AU9901 and TA0051 - oceanographic field measurements and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Research Report No. 25, June 2001. 89 pp. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to all scientific personnel who participated in the cruises, and to the crew of the RSV Aurora Australis. Special thanks also to the Amery Ice Shelf drilling team, for successful work in difficult conditions. The work was supported by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, the Australian Antarctic Division (ASAC Project 1058), the Department of Environment, Sports and Territories through the CSIRO Climate Change Research Program, and the National Science Foundation (USA). CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Contact Data Type Action ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------------------------------------- 2007-02-28 Rosenberg CTD/BTL/SUM Submitted Detailed Notes Have just "uploaded" 5 Southern Ocean Aurora Australis cruises to your website. Had prepared them all a couple of years ago for Danie, but never actually sent them....well, gave me a chance to formalize one of the data reports. In case there's any probs, I've also put them on our public ftp site 09AR0103_woce.zip (SR3 i.e. P12) 09AR0106_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 1, no WOCE ID) 09AR0207_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 2, no WOCE ID) 09AR0304_woce.zip (includes a transect close to I08S) 09AR0403_woce.zip (I09S, plus repeat of transect close to I08S) • For the last of these, 09AR0403, CFC data were measured but are not yet available (should have included that in the notes I entered to your website). • Carbon data (DIC, alkalinities etc.) are available for some of these cruises - will get them to you at a later date. File: 09AR0106_woce.zip Type: zipped CTD/bottle data Status: Public Name: Rosenberg, Mark Institute: ACE CRC Country: Australia Expo:09AR0106 Date: 01/2001 Action:Place Data Online Notes: • First cruise of Amery Ice Shelf Experiment • WOCE format files • pdf files includes data quality information 09AR20010101 2007-07-23 Bartolocci CTD/BOT/SUM Data files reformatted, online Detailed Notes 20070803 DBK At most recent CCHDO lab meeting it was decided that the mnemonic for Amery Ice Shelf cruises should consist of the acronymn AIS plus two digit bytes to account for different geographic regions of the Shelf. Therefore the line name for Amery Ice Shelf Cruises will be: AISXX. This cruise will be labeled AIS01. All occurances in all files have been changed as well as all file names. Reformatting notes for amry1_09AR20010101 sent by M. Rosenburg on 2007.02.28:SUM: • changed expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101 • added line number amry1 to WOCE ID column (this was because the field would have been too long for wocecvt to format check WOCE format manual states WOCE ID column in sumfile is only 5 char. long). • added name/date stamp • ran sumchk with no errors. BOT: • changed expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101 • added line number amry1 to WOCE ID column • added name/date stamp. • format checked with wocecvt with no errors. • converted to .csv and .nc with no errors. CTD: • Removed leading zero in front of STNNBR. • chnged expocode from 09AR0106 to 09AR20010101. • added line number amry1 to WOCE-ID • format check with wctcvt with no errors. • converted to .csv and .nc with no errors. • renamed file names to conform with post-woce conventions. added all files to the web. 09AR20020126 2007-08-08 Bartolocci CTD/BTL/SUM Exchange & NetCDF files online Detailed Notes 20070803 DBK At most recent CCHDO lab meeting it was decided that the mnemonic for Amery Ice Shelf cruises should consist of the acronymn AIS plus two digit bytes to account for different geographic regions of the Shelf. Therefore the line name for Amery Ice Shelf Cruises will be: AISXX. This cruise will be labeled AIS01. All occurances in all files have been changed as well as all file names. 20070716 DBK Reformatting notes for amry1_09AR20020126 Amery Ice Shelf cruise sent by Mark Rsoenburg on 20070228. SUM: • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126 • Added WOCE SECT of AMRY1 to blank column. • Added name/date stamp. • ran sumchk with no errors. BOT: • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126 • Added AMRY1 to WOCE-ID • Added name/date stamp. • ran wocecvt with no errors. • converted to exchange and netcdf with no errors. CTD: • Changed expocode from 09AR0207/1 to 09AR20020126 • Added AMRY1 to WOCE-ID. • removed leading zero from STNNBR. • ran wctcvt with no errors. • converted to exchange and netcdf with no errors.