If symbols do not display correctly set your browser's character encoding to unicode CRUISE REPORT: ANAS4 (Updated SEP 2011) HIGHLIGHTS CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION Section Designation ANAS4 Expedition designation (ExpoCodes) 316N19810619 Chief Scientists Wallace S. Broecker/LDGO Dates 1981 June 19 - 1981 July 14 Ship KNORR Ports of call Ponta Delgada, Azores - Greenoch, Scotland 58° 29.6' N Geographic Boundaries 36° 40' W 9° 59.7' W 37° 35' N Stations 31 Floats and drifters deployed 0 Moorings deployed or recovered 0 Recent Contact Information Wallace S. Broecker Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 301 Comer • 61 Route 9W - PO Box 1000 • Palisades, NY • 10964-8000 Phone: (845) 365-8413 • Fax: (845) 365-8155 • Email: broecker@ldeo.columbia.edu TTTTTTT T T RANSIENT T T TTTTTTT T T RACERS T T in the OOOOOOO O O O O CEAN O O OOOOOOO NORTH ATLANTIC STUDY 1 April - 19 October, 1981 Shipboard Physical and Chemical Data Report Data Report Prepared by Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego March 1986 Sponsored by National Science Foundation Grant OCE 79-25890 and SIO Reference No. 86-15 Department of Energy PACODF Publication No. 221 INTRODUCTION In this report are published the shipboard hydrographic, radon, and freon data taken during the North Atlantic Study of the Transient Tracers in the Ocean program (TTO-NAS). Hydrographic data were taken by the Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility (PACODF) of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The radon and freon data included in the final sections of this report were taken by William Smethie of Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and Richard Gammon of University of Washington, respectively. The field work was carried out aboard RV KNORR, operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), on an expedition of 7 legs. The expedition began and ended at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, leaving port on 1 April and returning on 19 October 1981. The cruise track constituted a more or less counter-clockwise circumnavigation of the North Atlantic, beginning with a number of sections across the western boundary current south to about 15°N latitude. A section between Bermuda and the Azores with an intensive survey of several "salt lenses" at intermediate depths south of the Azores, was followed by a survey of water mass characteristics in the North East Atlantic Basin. The KNORR then moved northward for a study of the sources of dense water in the North Atlantic Ocean, taking stations in the deep basins of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, and reaching a latitude of 78°N. Returning into the Atlantic, additional sections were completed across the Irminger Sea, south of the Denmark Straits, the Labrador Sea, and across the North Atlantic Current. The final leg of the expedition ran down the western basin of the North Atlantic to 28°N, then turned northwest for a last section across the basin and through the western boundary current. During the expedition many of the Geochemical Ocean Section Study (GEOSECS) stations taken in 1972 were reoccupied, and many of the parameters measured during the GEOSECS program were sampled again, some by the same personnel, some even with the same equipment, and of course, on the same ship. The chief scientists, most of whom were heavily involved in the GEOSECS program, prepared brief narratives for each leg which were published as introductions to the preliminary leg reports, and which are reproduced in the following section of this final report. The original plan for the report included additional graphics presentations which do not appear in this publication. Both vertical sections and maps of properties on several density surfaces were desired, but for budgetary and other reasons, it became impractical to complete the volume as planned. After considerable discussion, there was not a clear consensus that TTO data alone is sufficiently dense in many areas to produce adequate horizontal maps. The production of an Atlantic atlas of contemporary hydrographic and tracer data from several sources may be more appropriate than attempting to include data from other expeditions in this final TTO-NAS report. Many of the potential users of this report are familiar with GEOSECS data reports, the GEOSECS Atlas series [1], and the units and parameters used therein. While the tabular data format appearing here is similar to that found in GEOSECS publications, potential temperature and density-related parameters (sigma theta, 2, 4) published in this report will not be directly comparable with the same GEOSECS parameters. The specific gravity equations of Cox et al. [2] and compressibility of Ekman [3] were used throughout the GEOSECS program to calculate sigma theta and sigma 4. At the time TTO-NAS was planned it was decided to use the new International Equation of State [4] from which absolute densities may be calculated, rather than specific gravities. The sigma quantities in this report are therefore potential densities in units of kilograms/cubic meter, from which 1000 has been subtracted. Potential temperatures in the GEOSECS data were calculated according to Helland-Hansen [5]. In this report that parameter has been computed using Fofonoff's integration of Bryden's adiabatic temperature gradient equation [6]. The same routine is used to compute the temperature of water moved adiabatically to 2000 or 4000 decibars, for the subsequent calculations of sigma 2 or sigma 4. A comparison of various calculations of sigmas, including the Knudsen equations [7] and potential. temperatures for NAS Station 6 was published in Volume I, TTO-NAS Preliminary Hydrographic Data Report. Typical differences are as follows: P T S POT T SIC 0 SIC 2 SIG 4 SOURCES ---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ --------- 8 21.509 36.420 21.507 25.437 33.824 41.853 F-B IES 21.507 25.455 33.857 41.879 H-H COX 25.452 33.854 41.874 KNUD 2493 3.408 34.967 3.201 27.840 36.972 45.698 F-B IES 3.197 27.876 37.034 45.759 H-H COX 27.862 37.020 45.744 KNUD 5316 2.238 34.877 1.737 27.894 37.107 45.908 F-B IES 1.727 27.927 37.168 45.968 H-H COX 27.916 37.156 45.957 KNUD Rosette cast pressure and temperature data given in this report were normally taken from the corrected CTD output at the time the bottles were tripped. Reversing thermometers provided pressure and temperature for Gerard and most shallow radon casts. Salinity has been calculated according to the equations of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (8) from either CTD conductivity, temperature, and pressure, or conductivity ratio determined from bottle samples analyzed in duplicate with a Guildline Model 8400 laboratory salinometer. Dissolved oxygen was determined by a modified Winkler titration [9]. Nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite) were analyzed using a modified Technicon AutoAnalyzer and the methodologies employed during GEOSECS [1]. Alkalinity and Total CO2 were determined by potentiometric acid titration with hardware developed for the GEOSECS Indian Ocean Expedition [10] and the equations of Bradshaw and Brewer [11]. Casts taken during the expedition can generally be categorized in two types, small and large volume. Small volume casts employed a PACODF-designed multisampler based on a General Oceanics rosette pylon. On the multisampler were mounted 24 PVC sampling bottles of 10 liters volume, a Neil Brown Mark III CTD modified by PACODF, and a pinger. On many of these casts, a 1-meter beam transmissometer and/or a nephelometer were in use. On numerous casts, a second sampler was deployed 10 meters above the first unit. The second unit consisted of a General Oceanics 12-place rosette holding 30 liter Niskin bottles for the collection of bottom radon samples. On occasional stations 30 liter Niskin bottles were deployed serially on the hydro wire for collection of surface radon samples. Large volume stations included the normal small volume sample acquisition plus the collection of samples for shorebased analysis of radiocarbon, Ra228, Kr85, and infrequently, Ar39. These samples were collected in 270 liter stainless steel Gerard barrels deployed on the ship's trawl wire. Usually, 9 barrels were used on each cast. A 10 liter Niskin bottle was mounted on the outside of each Gerard barrel, and was linked to the Gerard closure mechanism so that the Gerard could not close without tripping the Niskin bottle as well. The original intent of this system was to provide a verification of the Gerard tripping depths via the reversing thermometers mounted on the Niskin bottle, and by comparison of salinities taken from both samplers. For the TTO program a decision was made to draw the standard rosette samples from the Niskins used on large volume casts rather than interpolate property values from the rosette casts, as was done during the GEOSECS program. For some of the properties this technique was effective; however for dissolved oxygen and nutrients the results were not as good as had been anticipated. Nitrate and phosphate, in particular, were affected, probably by the flaking of small rust particles from the trawl wire. On some stations it will be noted that the merging of rosette and large volume cast data has produced profiles that are not as smooth as the profiles from small volume stations. The use of Niskins on Gerard barrels for other than depth verification should be considered carefully in the future. Following the protocol established during the GEOSECS program, all samples were given a sample number which is equal to the cast X 100, plus the bottle number. For convenience, sampling bottles were numbered as follows: 1-24 10 liter rosette bottle 25-36 30 liter rosette bottle 40-47 10 liter bottle mounted on Gerard barrel 50-65 5 liter rosette bottle 70-78 30 liter bottle deployed on hydro wire 85-97 270 liter Gerard barrel Throughout the data report alphabetic characters may be found in the tabular data. These characters have the following meaning. D A salinity value, normally from a bottle sample has been taken from CTD records. H A pressure or temperature value has been calculated from thermometric sources rather than from the CTD as is normally the case on rosette casts. U A data value is suspect, although no obvious reason has been found. Listings of the subroutines used in the calculation of various parameters are included in Appendix I. The hydrographic and CTD work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Science Section, Grant #OCE 79-25890 and the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Carbon Dioxide Research Division to Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Robert T. Williams Acting Project Director PACODF REFERENCES [1] A.E. Bainbridge, GEOSECS Atlantic Expedition Volume 1, Hydrographic Data, National Science Foundation (1981) 038-000-00491-3. A.E. Bainbridge, GEOSECS Atlantic Expedition Volume 2, Sections and Pro files, National Science Foundation (1980) 038-000-00435-2. W.S. Broecker D.W. Spencer, H. Craig, GEOSECS Pacific Expedition Volume 3, Hydrographic data, National Science Foundation (1982) 038-000-00503-1. H. Craig, W. S. Broecker, D. W. Spencer, GEOSECS Pacific Expedition Volume 4, Sections and Profiles, National Science Foundation (1981) 038-00000496-4. R.F. Weiss, W. S. Broecker, H. Craig D. W. Spencer GEOSECS Indian Ocean Expedition Volume 5, Hydrographic data, National science Foundation (1983) 038-000-00525-1. D.W. Spencer W.S. Broecker, H. Craig, R.F. Weiss, GEOSECS Indian Ocean Expedition 1olume 6, Sections and Profiles, National Science Foundation (1982) 038-000-00515-4. H.G. Ostlund, H. Craig, W.S. Broecker, D.W. Spencer, GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans Expedition Volume 7, Shorebased Data, National Science Foundation (In press). [2] R.A. Cox, N.J. McCartney, and F. Culkin, The specific gravity/salinity/temperature relationship in natural seawater, Deep Sea Research 17 (1970) 679-689. [3] V.W. Ekman, Die Zusammendruckbarkeit des Meervassers nebat einigen Werten fur Wasser und Quecksilber, Publications de Circonstance, Conseil Permanent international pour l'exploration de la Mer 43 (1908) 1-47. [4] F.J. Millero, C. T. Chen, A. Bradshaw, and K. Schleicher, A new high pressure equation of state for seawater, Deep Sea Research 2 (1980). [5] B. Helland-Hansen, The Ocean Waters Intern. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., Suppl. to Bd. III, Ser.1, H.2 (1912) 1-84. [6] H.P. Fofonoff, Computation of potential temperature of seawater for an arbitrary reference pressure, Deep Sea Research 24 (1980) 489-491. [7] N. Knudsen, C. Forch, and S.P.L. Sorensen, Berichte uber die Konstanten- bestimungen zur Auftellung der Hydrographischen Tabellen. Vgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskabs, Skrifter, Naturvidenskab. math, Afdel. XII 1 (1902) 2-151. [8] E.L. Lewis, The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and its antecedents, IEEE S. of Oceanic Eng. OE-5 (1980) 3-8. [9] J.H. Carpenter, The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method, Limnology and Oceanography 10 (1965) 141-143. [10] D.L. Bos, R.T. Williams, History and development of the GEOSECS alkalinity titration system, Workshop on Oceanic CO2 Standardization, November 30December 1 1979, Carbon Dioxide Effects Research and Assessment Program, CONF-79111'3, U. S. Department of Energy (1982) 42-59. [11] A.L. Bradshaw, P.G. Brewer, D.K. Schaefer R .T. Williams, Measurements of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity y potentiometric titration in the GEOSECS Program, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55 (1981) 99-115. LEG 1 1 April - 13 April 1981 The week of preparation for the first leg of this major expedition saw an astonishing amount of work carried out. Noteworthy problems were the last minute swabbing of the ship by H.G. Ostlund to check 14C and tritium contamination (later revealed to be minimal), the nightmare that came true when the HP-1000 computer was dropped and damaged by airfreight handlers during shipment (eventually repaired) and the horrible problem of winding the new reel of conducting cable onto the GEOSECS winch. The wire refused to go on, even after heroic efforts in the dark, rain and cold of the night of March 31. Sailing had been planned for 0900 April 1; however, this was delayed to 1100, and eventually to 1800 due to the recalcitrant and all- important wire. At the fourth attempt success was achieved and the KNORR sailed at 1846, leaving a chilled group of friends and well wishers on the dock. Due to the lateness of departure, the test of equipment originally planned for sailing + 5 hours, was delayed and people, tired out by long preparation turned in. The vessel was hove to at 0400 April 2 to test gear and the rosette package was put over the side at 0630 to test bottle trips. No station number was assigned to this stop, nor data archived, the purpose being to test readiness and to find problems in handling procedures, connectors, data transmission, etc. This location was left at 0841, the KNORR heading for TTO Station 1 (39°48.3'N, 70°05'W) and arriving at 1100. The first rosette was put over the side at 1200 and the station continued until 1600 hours in approximately 1200m water depth. This location was chosen to represent cold water north of the Gulf Stream and a full suite of samples (excluding Gerard barrels) was taken. On leaving this station the new trawl wire was streamed en- route to Station 2 with the ship slow ahead, the wire being wound on the drum under tension without incident. Station 2 was reached at 0021 April 3, the rosette being over the side at 0108. The water depth of 3000m was selected so as to represent water at the upper extension of the western boundary undercurrent, a bottom potential temperature of 2.2°C being recorded. The station was completed by 0503, and the vessel departed for Station 3, reached at 0814. This was the first large volume station, chosen so as to sample the western boundary current, in about 4000m water depth. A full double rosette cast, and two Gerard casts were made. The Gerard barrels worked flawlessly (in contrast to the 1980 test cruise), evidence that the very extensive overhaul and testing prior to the cruise had paid off. The station work was finished by 0120 April 4. Station 4 was reached at 0630 April 4; scheduled to be a CTD station only with minimal chemistry, the station was designed to serve for defining the outer edge of the undercurrent. A single rosette lowering to 4620m was made in deteriorating weather. Malfunctions in the rosette trip box occurred, so that bottle trips could not be confirmed. The station was delayed, with the package near the bottom, while efforts were made to remedy the problem. The package was raised with several bottles found to be untripped at the surface. The problem was solved en route to Station 5, this event proving to be the only malfunction of the entire leg. Station 5, south of the Gulf Stream, was a reoccupation of GEOSECS 121. Reached at 2000 April 4, a double rosette cast was accomplished in sea state 4-5 presenting some of the most difficult handling problems of the entire leg, the station being over at 0337 April 5. Comparisons of TTO and GEOSECS data here should be particularly useful. The next station (6) was reached at 1103 April 5. This represented the end of the first line of stations extending from the continental shelf to near Bermuda and was located on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Here a full large volume station was worked with extra Gerard cast for Ar39. An eddy here caused the ship to be set strongly while on station during the rosette cast, and it was necessary to steam for 48 minutes to regain position while turning around the rosettes and rigging the trawl wire for Gerard caste. The station was finished by 0942 April 6. A CTD station that had tentatively been planned closer to Bermuda was eliminated, and course was set to the south for Station 7 which was to form the outer end of a second line of stations to be worked towards Cape Canaveral. The vessel headed into SSW winds and made labored progress, the transit time of 19 hours being a welcome respite from the hectic press of stations. Station 7 was reached at 0500 April 7, a double rosette cast carried out and a Gerard cast followed. This was delayed a little due to problems with trawl winch meter wheel assembly. Chief Engineer Emilio Soto found a broken tooth on a gear wheel, and quickly fabricated a new gear, installed it, and the station continued. A later cast was marred when a pinger, clamped on the wire, became jammed in the railroad platform notch and a struggle to put things to rights took time. The vessel was underway at 2255 hours - a long hard day. Station 8 in the Abyssal Plain was reached at 1256 April 8, however, minor problems with cabling and harness caused delays, and the first successful cast was not initiated until 1640, the station being completed by 2044 hours. Station 9, from 0507 - 0956 April 9, consisting of a rosette cast and a surface radon cast, was carried out without incident. Station 10 was reached at 1135 April 9. This was a CTD lowering with extra samples for nutrients and tritium, designed to be on the outer edge of the western boundary undercurrent as it flows along the spur of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge. The station was completed by 1700 hours and Station 11 was reached at 1915 April 9. This large volume station was designed to be in the core of the undercurrent and was a reoccupation of the station previously occupied by Rhines in August 1977. Tritium values for the undercurrent at this point have been reported by Jenkins and Rhines (1980). The station began with a deep Gerard cast, followed by rosettes and further large volume sampling. Depth and position were monitored carefully throughout the station, which was finished by 0945 April 10. A crossing of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge followed by Station 12 (1830 -2244 April 10) continued this line of stations, with shallow water on the Blake Plateau for Station 13 being reached at 0515 April 11. Station 14, the last station of TTO Leg 1, was in the core of the Florida Current off Cape Canaveral. The aim was to sample source properties for Gulf Stream waters in the jet that emerges through the Florida Straits. Station 14 was accordingly made in quasi-Lagrangian fashion at 2030 April 11, with a set to the north of 1 mile each 15 minutes being recorded. The CTD trace revealed very strong temperature gradients to a bottom temperature of 9°C at 500m. A single rosette cast and two gradients samples were taken and the station ended at 2314 hours. From Station 14 course was set to Cape Canaveral to let off marine technician D. Muus to attend to sudden illness in his family. This melancholy occasion was brightened by the fortunate occurrence of the delayed launch of the space shuttle "Columbia", which was scheduled for lift off at 0700 April 12. The Canaveral harbor buoy was reached at 0500; all on board witnessed a magnificent spectacle as the rocket lifted off some 5 miles distance from the KNORR. A splendid end to a fine cruise. D. Muus was taken off in a Coast Guard launch at 0800 and course was set for Freeport, arriving at 0800 April 13. This first leg of TTO was a remarkable success. The ship and laboratory functions were carried out in first class manner with only minor delays and troubles occurring. The officers and crew of the KNORR, and all participants in the scientific party deserve to be congratulated. Peter G. Brewer LEG 2 16 April - 10 May 1981 Leg 2, the southernmost leg of the North Atlantic Study, covered a region where previous observations of tritium had indicated that the main thermocline is slower to be ventilated than anywhere else north of l5°N. Immediately below this the Antarctic intermediate water had, as of 1972, kept the water column essentially free of tritium up to about 30°N. One objective of this study was to document the changes in the transient tracers distribution in this region of the main thermocline. Previous studies had also shown entry of tritium below the Antarctic intermediate water giving rise to a maximum centered at 1250m in a portion of the region covered by this study. The other primary objectives were thus to document the changes in this part of the water column as well as at. the bottom, in the North Atlantic deep waters, where there were a variety of reasons to expect that tritium would now be present. The KNORR left Freeport at 1600 on the 16th of April, one day earlier than planned, with the unanimous consent of the 23 scientists as well as the crew members, all of whom agreed that they would rather have an extra day in the rather more pleasant port of St. Georges, Bermuda. The entire leg was marked by the smooth and untroubled operation of all equipment and personnel and the full cooperation of the weather. Only two Gerard barrels failed to trip out of several hundred samples collected, and there were some problems with one of the CTDs which resulted in the loss of a few hours. The weather was ideal the entire time and even provided for some diversion in the form of tropical storm "Arlene" which appeared to be heading on a collision course with us for a time as we occupied the last station before Bermuda. Our first station, TTO 15, was at the western boundary near the Bahamas. We then proceeded southeast to Stations 16 to 20 starting at the Bahama Escarpment and going into the Hatteras Abyssal Plain along a section where Dr. F. Schott, of the University of Miami, had a set of current meter moorings at the time. Our next set of stations took us to the east along 26°N (TTO 20 to 22) and then back to the western boundary at the Puerto Rico outer ridge (TTO 26), after crossing the Mares Abyssal Plain. At this point we decided that we had enough extra time to go across the Puerto Rico Trench to the inner wall, rather than proceeding directly to GEOSECS 36 as originally planned. After doing TTO 28 on the inner wall, we continued on to GEOSECS Station 36, doing a series of stations, one of which, TTO 29, was at the southernmost extension of the Puerto Rico Trench. TTO 32, the reoccupation of GEOSECS 36, was our longest large volume station because of the two 39Ar Gerard casts we did in addition to the two 14C Gerard casts. This was our southernmost station and was at the point where the Demerara Abyssal Plain opens out into the North American Basin. We then proceeded to the north, reoccupying GEOSECS Stations 34, 33 and 32 successively, while doing TTO Stations 33 to 38. Our final set of three stations, TTO 39 to 41, was along a section between GEOSECS Station 32 and Bermuda. We were able to occupy 27 stations during this leg, including all of the 15 stations originally planned. Of the 12 additional stations, 3 were put on the TTO 16 to 20 section on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The 9 remaining stations were all 1500-2000m stations spaced more or less evenly between originally scheduled large and small volume stations from TTO 20 to 38. Our intention was to provide greater resolution in the main thermocline and down through the 1250m tritium maximum. 14C and 228Ra profiles were measured at 9 stations, some of which were also sampled for 85Kr and 39Ar. 228Ra, 85Kr and/or 39Ar samples were collected at 4 additional stations for a total of 13 large volume stations. The KNORR arrived in Bermuda at 0900 on 10 May. We wish to thank both the scientific party and ship's crew for an excellent cruise. The efficient work of the marine technicians and ship's crew enabled us to do far more station work than we had thought possible. This put an added burden on the analysts which they undertook with their usual professional competence and good will. We feel that the results published herein and the additional results that will come out, as the longer term measurements are completed, will more than justify their efforts. Jorge L. Sarmiento Robert T. Williams LEG 3 16 May - 14 June 1981 The big surprise of Leg 3 was the discovery of isolated compact blobs of relatively undiluted Mediterranean water, not just the smooth continuous distribution usually described. These blobs, discussed in more detail below, were extensively surveyed in addition to fulfilling all the initial goals of this leg. A transect across the North Atlantic was completed from Bermuda to the Azores at 33°N (Stations 42-47). Radon stations (46 and 47) were made (with R. Key) at the Atlantis Seamount to test the importance of bottom topography on deep ocean and thermocline mixing. The distribution of tracers was mapped in combination with detail synoptic hydrographic measurements in the Canary Basin (Stations 48-109). This leg included reoccupation of GEOSECS Station 30 (TTO Station 43) and METEOR Stations 515 (TTO Station 71) and 516 (TTO Station 68). This was an extremely successful leg both technically and scientifically. Our success is due primarily to the enthusiasm and real professional skill of the Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility (PACODF). These people are the real heroes of TTO! The first salt blob was encountered at Station 53. Profiles taken near the center (Station 60) of this blob are displayed in Figure 1. Note the large anomalously high (0.8 ‰) salinity between 800db and 1400db. Note also a sizeable signal in all other variables including a relatively strong density step at the bottom of the anomaly. A section made from the first transect (Stations 51-57) through the blob is shown in Figure 2; it clearly shows the magnitude of the anomalous region. Three of these salt blobs (aka broken toilets) were found and surveyed on this leg. Their positions are shown in Figure 3. Displayed is the maximum salinity found at the Mediterranean Water salinity maximum (1100 db) for each station in the region (30-34°N, 21-28°W) where the blobs were found. The first blob encountered was to the southwest (Stations 53-65), the second to the southeast (Stations 87-95) end the third to the north (Stations 89-105). The maximum salinity found in the blobs was 36.30 ‰ indicating relatively pure Mediterranean water. The shapes of the blobs are contoured in Figure 4 with the thickness taken as that of the salinity anomaly > 35.7 ‰ in the Mediterranean Water salinity maximum. The three blobs have diameters 70-80km and maximum thickness >800m. It is now clear that the details of the dispersion of oceanic tracers cannot be treated with simple advective diffusive models alone. There also exist stable compact structures of which these Mediterranean Water salt blobs are the strongest examples found so far. We anxiously await the analysis of the tracers sampled within the blobs to provide time scales necessary to access their role in the general circulation and distribution of oceanic property fields. Excellent weather prevailed during this entire leg. Thanks to Captain Hiller and the ship's crew for a smooth voyage and again to PACODF for their efficient and enthusiastic work. We all arrived in Ponta Delgada 0900 on 14 June a bit tired but very satisfied. Laurence Armi Figure 1: Vertical profiles of potential temperature (θ), salinity (S), oxygen (O2), and density (σθ,O2) at apparent center of first blob. Figure 2: Section through first salinity blob along initial transect. Figure 3: Maximum salinity found for Mediterranean Water (~110 db). Contoured at 0.1 ‰. Figure 4: Thickness of regions with anomalously high salinity (> 35.7 ‰) in Mediterranean Water LEG 4 19 June - 14 July 1981 The Rockall Channel exhibited conditions suggestive of substantial diapycnic mixing with long straight sections in the T-S diagram. In spite of this, pronounced influence of the southern component bottom water seemed evident in a combination of high silica and AOU with low bottom temperature. The westernmost station (135) in the channel showed distinctly enhanced salinity relative to the others. This is in contrast to the situation shown in the Fuglister Atlas, and may suggest that the Norwegian Sea outflow characteristics are tending towards the recent "normal" again. This leg, devoted to the water mass characteristics in the North East Atlantic Basin comprised essentially three zonal sections, at about 38, 50 and 58 degrees north respectively. These sections were connected meridionally along the Iberian Peninsula to the shelf off England and along the Reykjanes Ridge, thus following the northward progress of the Mediterranean water, and the southward spreading of the overflow water originating at the Iceland- Faeroe Ridge. The 50 degrees north section was distorted to follow the deepest connection between the two main sections of the Eastern Basin - The Maury Channel. The KNORR departed Ponta Delgada in the Azores in fair weather in the earl afternoon of June 19, 1981. Stations 110 to 113 were all conducted in light conditions, allowing new personnel to settle comfortably into the work routine, and tempted the co-chief scientists to begin to plan optional work to absorb the rapidly accumulating contingency time. The closest approach to the Iberian Peninsula was limited to 65 nautical miles in accordance with permits from the government of Portugal. A water depth of circa 2800m was reached, allowing a reasonably well developed Mediterranean core at a salinity of up to 36.46 ppt to be reasonably observed. During this first section of the cruise leg, the track and station plans were reconsidered in view of better station time estimates, and of recent discussions between the chief scientists and German oceanographers active in this region. It appeared that, timewise, a more squared track pattern with better emphasis on zonal sections than initially expected would be feasible. It was felt desirable to incorporate an intercalibration station off the Bay of Biscay for the purpose of interrelating a section run by the RV METEOR up the Central Eastern Basin with our pattern. It was also decided, time permitting, to extend our middle zonal section through the Gibbs Fracture Zone. This would more closely connect Legs 4 and 6 of TTO by providing repeat station opportunity, or alternatively give somewhat more time for Labrador Sea mapping on the latter. As it turned out, fair weather conditions prevailed during much of the leg. While concern for cruising speed dictated caution in commitment to program expansion, our decision to emphasize a close section in the overflow influenced region in the northernmost part of our area of coverage was originally, at least in part, dictated by needs to maintain flexibility in optional station time as late in the leg as possible. It. was shown to be fortuitous, however, as the underway data picture unfolded. While the core data set on tracers is inaccessible underway, some features of the classic hydrographic data form clues to what to look for, and perhaps to emphasize, in the tracer work. There are four water mass components of central interest to our endeavors: the Southern Abyssal Component, the Iceland Faeroe Overflow, the Mediterranean Water, and the Labrador Sea Water. T-S distribution as well as the pattern of apparent oxygen utilization, AOU, in the bottom waters clearly indicate that not only is northern component influence negligible in the bottom waters south of 50 degrees latitude, but also that some northward flow occurs in the Maury Channel. Most strikingly, however, we found that the entire Northern Basin part, including the Gibbs Fracture Zone and the flank of the Reykjanes Ridge, seems to have undergone a significant freshening since the IGY data sets were acquired. While present in the entire column, the observed salinity anomalies appear to be maximal at 3.5°C, suggesting a connection with the fresh water anomaly in the Greenland and Labrador Seas which has been shown to characterize much of the nineteen sixties. Wallace S. Broecker Claes G.H. Rooth LEG 5 21 July - 14 August 1981 Our sampling during Leg 5 was focused upon characterizing two of the three principal northern sources of dense water to the North Atlantic Ocean (the third, Labrador Sea Water, will be studied during Leg 6). Our stations included the major basins north of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge as well as recently overflowed waters south of ridge. One observation of potentially major importance was that key portions of the water column in most regions surveyed were less saline than during GEOSECS or other past cruises. Because salinity variations in these cold waters may give rise to strong density variations, the long term effect of these salinity shifts upon the density field could be vast. We are also now faced with the necessity of considering the variations in the temperature, salinity, and density fields as elements of the transient tracer distribution. Another indication of unusual conditions was the extremely heavy ice conditions encountered, forcing cancellation of all of our planned work in or near the East Greenland Current north of Denmark Strait. The KNORR departed Greenock, Scotland, at 1400 hours 21 July 1981 in cloudy, drizzly conditions soon joined by a rising wind. Swell and headwinds to force 6 slowed the ship, but by the time we arrived at our first station (141), the weather was rapidly improving. Our first station (large volume) was sited to observe contributions of dense water to the northern Rockall Trough from either the Wyvill-Thomson Ridge or the channel between Faeroe Bank and Bill Bailey's Bank. We observed bottom water generally similar to that found on the western side of Rockall Trough during Leg 4. Our second station (142, also large volume) was occupied in the Faeroe Bank Channel near or slightly upstream of the sill leading out to the North Atlantic. Our preliminary impression was that hydrographic conditions at this station matched those observed during earlier stations at this location. The Faeroe Bank Channel station followed a brief bathymetric survey to establish station position. The bathymetric surveys (average duration each 1 1/2 hours) became a near-standard element of our stations in those regions where we wished to sample above specific bathymetric features such as deep channels, rift valleys, and fracture zones. We next began a series of eight sections (4 large-volume Stations 143 through 150) during which we studied the principal deep basins of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas and one rift valley/fracture zone region in the zone of transition between Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea hydrographic properties. Norwegian Sea Deep Water appeared to be slightly colder and show higher dissolved oxygen and lower dissolved silica levels than during GEOSECS. In the Greenland Sea, only a faint trace of a deep salinity maximum was observed, in contrast to the prominence of this layer in the historical data base. A pair of stations (146-147) in the transition region showed interleaving of water masses at virtually all levels, including the deep water. On our approach to our intended position for station 149, we first ran into sea ice, forcing a minor adjustment to our plans for that station. Because we could not proceed west to our intended section across the East Greenland Current, we headed north and east along the ice edge. During a trio of stations near the northern perimeter of the Greenland Sea (Stations 151-153), we observed outflow of Greenland Sea Deep Water toward the Arctic Ocean along a valley in the Molloy Fracture Zone. Profile variations in two CTD/rosette casts, at. different locations along the axis of this valley, established the direction of flow. This is a rare and important observation because Norwegian Sea Deep Water, not Greenland Sea Deep Water, is generally held to be the source of the deep and bottom water of the Arctic Ocean. We next ran an east west section of four stations across the West Spitsbergen Current from the shelf edge to a deep valley near the Mid-ocean ridge (Stations 154-157). The last two stations (especially the deep valley) showed bottom water which was slightly warmer and much more saline than the deep water. One possibility was that this unusual bottom water is the product of cooling of Atlantic Water in the Barents Sea, followed by outflow, for example, at. the bottom of the Bear Island Channel. No Greenland Sea Deep Water was observed in the valley. We next steamed south to the Iceland Plateau, stopping at the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone for a CTD/rosette cast (Station 158). This cast showed Norwegian Sea Deep Water at the bottom, although with marginally higher oxygen than in the Lofoten or Norwegian Basins. It is possible that this is younger Norwegian Sea type deep water entering the Norwegian Sea from the periphery of the Greenland Sea. Our large volume station on the Iceland Plateau (Station 159) again showed no evidence of a deep salinity maximum. Due to reports of extremely unfavorable ice conditions on Denmark Strait, we made our passage around Iceland along the east coast. Despite a gale, we had managed to accumulate sufficient contingency time to run a short section of three CTD/rosette stations (Stations 160-162) in the northeastern Atlantic to help determine if 35.0 ‰ deep water was in fact proceeding (as usual) along the east flank of the Mid-ocean ridge. In accord with Leg 4 findings further south, we found no 35.0 ‰ deep water. We ended the cruise with an east west section across the Irminger Sea, south of Denmark Strait (Stations 163-170, plus 171 as a large-volume reoccupation of Station 166). We found abundant low temperature, low salinity, high density Denmark Strait Overflow Water. There were no obvious signs of Norwegian Sea Deep Water overflow. We also sampled the East Greenland Current south of Denmark Strait (Station 170). We arrived in Reykjavik on schedule at 1000 hours, 16 August 1981. Other than adjustments due to unfavorable ice conditions, our problems during Leg 5 were few. The refrigeration system for the alkalinity-nutrient van air conditioning broke down, midway through the cruise, forcing us to operate the van with the door open, effectively destroying the temperature control necessary for the best nutrient and alkalinity analyses. On the positive side, the outstanding performance of the scientific staff and the ship's crew and officers enabled us to easily meet the demands of our evolving program. The underway gas seawater equilibrator system was operated throughout Leg 5 except for periods when the bow-pump intake came out of water due to high swells (total of 30 hours). The surface water pCO2 value decreased northward from about 310 µatm in the North Atlantic, 58 N, to about 170 µatm at the northernmost station, 78°N, as the surface water temperature decreased from 13°C to 0.5°C. The observed change in pCO2 can be mostly attributed to the change in temperature. The atmospheric sampling and analysis system was operated virtually all the time. The atmospheric CO2 concentration decreased from 335ppm on July 21 (58°N) to 331ppm on August 6 (63°N) with a day-to-day variability of about 2 to 3ppm. This observed trend with time appears to be consistent with the seasonal trend observed elsewhere in the northern high latitudes. However, the lowest atmospheric CO2 concentration of 326ppm observed on August 3 (76°N) may be attributable to the low pCO2 (180 220 µatm) of the surrounding surface water. Taro Takahashi James H. Swift LEG 6 21 August - 17 September 1981 On Leg 6 we occupied 48 stations in waters ranging from less than 200m depth to in excess of 4500m. We reoccupied TTO Station 127 (our Station 172) and GEOSECS Station 3 (our Station 214). Six of the stations were full large volume stations, consisting of 2 Gerard casts plus a rosette cast, and eight of the stations were what we called "Medium Volume" stations, consisting of one Gerard cast and one rosette. The leg was segmented into the five sections. The first consisted of 13 stations and cut across the Northwest Irminger Sea in a roughly northwest direction between the Bight Fracture Zone on the Reykjanes Ridge and the coast of Greenland. We hoped to look for evidence in the tracers of "leakage" of Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) through the Fracture Zone into the western basin. The section clearly delineated the Denmark Straits Overflow Water (DSOW) plastered against the deep part of the Greenland Continental slope. Potential temperatures below 1.1°C and salinities below 34.88 ‰ were seen in this water mass and silica was near 9.0 micromoles/kg. By far the most striking feature of the section was the very much lower than expected salinities in the upper 1500m of the water column. With the exception of the two extreme ends of the section, the upper 1000m was below 34.9 ‰. There are two apparently correlated features to this overall freshness: the anomalous ice conditions encountered in the Denmark Straits during Leg 5 and the observed superabundance of a lower salinity, lower temperature mode of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) seen to some extent in this section and in the rest of this Leg. The underlying cause is clearly a climatological difference between conditions in the early 1960's and today. The section was extended into shallow (200m) water to ensure sampling of the East Greenland Current for tritium, 14C and CO2. Between this section and the second one we had the opportunity of steaming through the southern tip of Greenland via Prins Christians Sund. By going through the fjord rather than around Cape Farewell we not only saved time and fuel, we enjoyed some spectacular scenery. Debauching into the Labrador Sea, we commenced the second section by occupying a shallow station in the West Greenland Current. The Labrador Sea section consisted of 15 stations and extended southwestward across to the Labrador Current. The freshness observed in the last section was observed here throughout the whole water column, with the column being as much as 0.02 ‰ fresher than 1962 (WW, 1970) and 1967 (Grant, 1968). The ISOW salinity maximum barely reached 34.93 ‰ here while the earlier data approached 34.95 ‰, and the DSOW was fully .02 ‰ fresher. The Labrador Sea Water mass was especially abundant, being as fresh as 34.83 ‰ and as cold as 3.15°C, i.e. about .05 ‰ fresher and .25°C colder than "textbook" LSW. Also importantly, the potential density anomaly of this water mass is 27.75 ‰ as opposed to the 27.78 ‰ characterized by Lazier (1973). This kind of climatic modulation associated with the overall shallow salinity budget of the Labrador Sea has been discussed by Lazier (1980) and has profound consequences for the CO2 - TTO problem. How the reversion of LSW to the lighter mode affects its viability as an intermediate water mass in the temperate regions is unclear at this time, but the hydrographic and tracer data we are gathering this leg coupled with Legs 4 and 7 will prove a powerful tool for learning about this important mechanism. The section from the center of the Labrador Sea (Stations 193 and 201 through 207) allowed us to track the southeastward flow of the LSW. The transition from the super-cold/fresh LSW to more "text-book" LSW occurred around Stations 203-204. The easternmost extension of the section came close to reoccupying Station 124 but was chosen for a deeper part of the northern channel of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. The ISOW reached a salinity maximum of 34.97 ‰. The fourth and fifth sections extended across the front of the North Atlantic Current (NAG) which separates the cyclonic circulation of the north from the great anticyclonic warm-water systems to the south. Here the upper-level boundary current leaves the coast as a semi permanent "ox-bow" meander. Though suffering a continual change in water properties through frontal mixing, this water contributes a warm salty signal to the eastern side of the Irminger Sea, which is visible all the way around to the Labrador Sea. The tracer evolution in this area should help to tag this meridional circulation and to distinguish it from recirculation about the upper-level gyres. This transgression, like the analogous events farther south at the Grand Banks, represents a controversial aspect of the general circulation. Labrador Sea and Denmark Strait waters extend southward beneath the upper- level front. Dynamically there can be strong interaction between these levels, which may account for the massive eastward extension of LSW along 50 N, split off from its southward flow along the western boundary. Section 4 ran from the western end of the Gibbs Fracture Zone (GFZ) south along 37°40'W, to the latitude (47°40'N) of St. Johns, Newfoundland. It allowed a relatively clean perpendicular crossing of the MAC. The station pattern was augmented through use of XBTs, satellite SST maps and ship's set information to locate the current and fronts. The broad hydrographic patterns here (and in the other four sections) agree well with the classic atlas treatments, particularly those of Worthington and Wright, Dietrich, Grant and Ivers; the disposition of the "ox-bow" was quite like that of the summer of 1958 (Dietrich atlas). Resolution of the interleaving water masses by the CTD adds much to these patterns, however. This interleaving is a necessary step in the poleward transformation of tracer properties. Section 5 ran southwest from the GFZ to St. Johns. It is a familiar path (see plate 45 Worthington-Wright) cutting across the tip of the permanent meander of the MAC, with the Labrador Sea Water (LSW) bifurcating just below into its southward and eastward extensions. It coincides with 1975 (KNORR 54) tritium- helium section of Jenkins and Clarke. At the tip of the meander GEOSECS Station 3 was reoccupied. While this frontal region would be too variable for climate inference from single stations, we can see from the envelope of Stations 204-218 (see track map) that the deep O-S properties in this area now seem significantly changed. The LSW is greatly freshened, as is the DSOW. The 2.8 salinity maximum occurs throughout the region and is more intense. Similar conclusions follow from comparison against the IGY 1958 8-S properties of the region. It seems that the northern North Atlantic is able to respond rapidly to climatic changes on the 10-yr. time scale even far from regions of surface formation. Taking either advective- or Kelvin/Rossby-wave models for the adjustment of the circulation, this rapid response is quite plausible in these relatively compact seas. For example, newly formed LSW, say at the 27.75 sigma theta level, could appear at section 5 750km away in less than a year, due to boundary intensified wave- and advective effects. The amount of work carried out on this leg by the PACODF group was enormous. During the 27 days at sea they performed 48 stations consisting of 98 casts. For example, a total of 1077 samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate, over 1900 salinities, 1500 oxygens, plus a large number of samples for shorebased analyses. The data obtained were superb. We were more than impressed with the competence, cooperation and extremely high degree of professionalism of the PACODF group. They worked long hard hours cheerfully and were exceptional ship-mates. Arnold Mantyla worked long and hard on the data and helped with salinity analyses. We were pleased to have worked with such a fine group. William B. Jenkins Peter Rhines LEG 7 23 September - 19 October 1981 This last leg of the TTO cruise was planned so as to reoccupy a number of GEOSECS stations down the western basin of the North Atlantic. The test cruise of October 1980 had also covered some of this area so familiar territory was to be encountered. After only minor confusion surrounding the arrival of parts and supplies for the two freon programs (Gammon and Hammer), and for the new CO2 measurement system (Weiss), the KNORR left the snug harbor of St. Johns at 1036 local time and sailed through the Narrows, under the ancient guns of Fort Amherst and Signal Hill, on a bright clear morning. The first station (220) was occupied at 2230/23 September on the Grand Banks and in the Labrador Current. Here a massive temperature gradient was found, the summer water overriding the frigid Arctic water below. Clocks were retarded 1/2 hour to Z+3 so as to avoid the peculiarities of keeping Newfoundland time, and Station 221 on top of Flemish Cap was begun at 2115/24 September in good weather. From there, stations were worked down the slope (221-226) and across the western boundary undercurrent towards the line of GEOSECS stations and the work carried out on Leg 6. September 25 was a particularly busy day with stations at 0445 (222) 0825 (223) and 1313 (224) where 1.9°C water was encountered and the deep work begun. The weather deteriorated and rough days lay ahead for Station 225 on the 26th and Station 226. Here winds of Force 7 and high seas caused problems. Underway to Station 228 heavy seas sweeping the fantail damaged Gerard barrel racks and smashed a 228Ra tank frame. The winds increased to Force 8 from WNW, however, work continued and on Station 228 on 29 September the wind dropped and the station was finished in calm seas and still air. This calm was illusory, for tropical storm Irene had been charted as advancing exactly along our projected cruise track for some days, and would be on us with 100 knot winds in less than 12 hours. Thus on completion of Station 228 course was set due west and on the morning of 30 September the KNORR was 120 miles from the planned track. A vicious squall with confused seas and 50 knot winds gave but a hint of the fury that lay to our east. Course was set to the south below the storm and 1 October brought sunshine, calming seas, the first strands of sargassum weed, and two dolphin fish gleefully caught. From there a few days of idyllic weather followed, with perfect rosette casts and Gerards that tripped every time as we approached the most southerly part of our cruise at Station 235 on 7 October. Turning north, course was set for Sable Island to provide a final section across the western North Atlantic Basin. At Station 236 on 8 October a medical emergency in the crew raised the possibility of an enforced port call in Bermuda. Thus Station 237 was re- scheduled about 100 miles to the west of its original position in order to prepare for this eventuality. Fortunately, radioed diagnoses and prompt medication solved the problem while station work was carried out on the Wyoming Seamount and course could be set for the original line. Station 240 apparently was set in the center of a cold core Gulf Stream ring. Here the 18 ° water was absent, the water chemistry was distinctly of northern origin and on leaving the station the KNORR was at once set at 1.75 knots in the direction of 217. The broad band of the Gulf Stream was reached between Stations 242 and 243 and a detailed line of stations through the western boundary undercurrent was begun moving slowly up the slope towards Sable Island. The last station (250) at 43°36'N, 59°32'W in 150m of water was completed at 2302 on 16 October after a day of dense fog and blaring fog horns. The station work was finished none too soon, for the barometer had dropped all day, and a tired scientific party dozed through a night of 40 knot winds and lurching seas. Fair weather followed on 18 October, and the KNORR came home on the morning of 19 October after a job well done. Peter G. Brewer CONCLUDING COMMENTS With this last leg of TTO North Atlantic Study it is appropriate to include some overall evaluation of the program. In the 200 days 17 hours 14 minutes of the voyage the KNORR steamed 23,745 miles. There were 66 days 4 hours and 26 minutes of station time for 250 stations, or 6 hours 21 minutes average time per station. On these stations were taken approximately 9000 individual water samples, virtually all of which were analyzed for salinity, oxygen and nutrients. For shorebased samples there were collected 3715 tritium samples (Ostlund), 3485 helium-tritium samples (Jenkins), 1184 14C samples (Ostlund), 1300 228Ra samples (Sarmiento-Key), 375 85Kr samples (Broecker-Smethie), and 25 39Ar samples (Broecker-Smethie-Looslie) each of which consumed 6 whole Gerard barrels. At sea 900 222Rn samples were measured. For carbon dioxide measurements approximately 7000 alkalinity titrations were carried out, and approximately 5000 discrete samples were measured for pCO2 (Takahashi); in addition to these measurements continuous underway pCO2 pCH4, and pH2O were measured (Weiss) and shorebased samples for CO2 analyses y Keeling (23), and Brewer and Bradshaw (222) were taken. However, the voyage cannot be measured in these dry statistics alone. That during these 200 days not a single piece of equipment was lost, nor person injured, nor deadline missed, is extraordinary. It is a testimony first to the high degree of professional competence of the PACODF group, and indeed all of the 126 investigators from diverse institutions, but also to the rapport established with the ship's company and to careful planning. The whole was quite simply a first class operation. Peter B. Brewer Spokesman North Atlantic Study, TTO SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Laurence Armi Scripps Institution of Oceanography Alvin L. Bradshaw Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Peter G. Brewer* (1) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Wallace S. Broecker Lament-Doherty Geological Observatory Kirk Bryan Princeton University Paul N. Hammer Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution William S. Jenkins Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Charles D. Keeling Scripps Institution of Oceanography J. Hans Oeschger University of Bern H. Gote Ostlund* University of Miami Tsung-Hung Peng Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Joseph L. Reid Scripps Institution of Oceanography Claes G. H. Rooth University of Miami Jorge L. Sarmiento Princeton University William M. Smethie, Jr. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Tare Takahashi* Lament-Doherty Geological Observatory Ray F. Weiss Scripps Institution of Oceanography Robert T. Williams* (2) Scripps Institution of Oceanography *TTO-NAS Executive Committee (1) Spokesman (2) Ex Officio SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS Participating Principal Scientific Total Samples Institutions Investigators Programs Collected ------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- ------------- Lamont-Doherty W.S. Broecker, 222Rn 1326 Geological Observatory T.-H. Peng and 85Kr and modeling 380 of Columbia Univ. W.M. Smethie, Jr. T. Takahashi pCO2 and carbonate 3371 chemistry Princeton University J.L. Sarmiento, Modeling of tracers K. Bryan J.L. Sarmiento, & 228Ra 1151 R.N. Key 226Ra 1072 Scripps Institution R.F. Weiss pCO2, pN2O of Oceanography C.D. Keeling Total CO2 497 L. D. Armi Ocean mixing and circulation Physical & Chemical R. T. William CTD Oceanographic Data Salinity 8670 Facility Oxygen 6575 Nutrients 6117 Alkalinity and 3839 Total CO2 Large volume sampling 1183 and 14C extractions University of Bern J.H. Oeschger 39Ar 57 University of Miami H.G. Ostlund 3H 3704 14C 1183 University of South W.S. Moore 228Ra 1151 Carolina University of Washington R.H. Gammon Ocean freon tracers 297 Woods Hole Oceanographic W.J. Jenkins 3H 3704 Institution 3He 3433 Ocean freon tracers P.G. Brewer, Carbonate chemistry 207 A.L. Bradshaw H. Livingston 137Cs 145 90Sr 87 D. Mann Be 90 Se 103 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LEG 1 Ship's Captain Emerson Hiller Scientists-in-Charge Peter G. Brewer, Chief Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution William M. Smethie, Jr. Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Owen W. Anderson David W. Chipman Robert Trier Scripps Institution of Oceanography Frederick A. Van Woy Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility David L. Bos Gary D. Cooper Frank N. Delahoyde Treve L. Johnson Norma L. Mantyla Douglas N. Hasten David A. Muus W. Martin Parka Ronald G. Patrick Walter A. Richter Edward J. Slater Karen Sowell. Paul R. Sweet Martha O. Stallard Baron E. Thomas Robert T. Williams LEG 2 Ship's Captain Emerson Hiller Scientists-in-Charge Jorge L. Sarmiento, Chief Scientist Princeton University Robert T. Williams Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dee Berger David W. Chipman Guy G. Mathieu Sally J. Mathieu Scripps Institution of Oceanography Frederick A. Van Woy Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility Marie C. Beaupre David L. Bos Walter R. Bryan Gary D. Cooper Frank M. Delahoyde Timothy J. Field Mary C. Johnson Leonard T. Lopez Norma L. Mantyla Walter A. Richter Raymond A. Rove Kristin M. Sanborn Frank Sanchez Paul R. Sweet Baron E. Thomas James A. Wells LEG 3 Ship's Captain Emerson Hiller Scientists-in-Charge Laurence Armi, Chief Scientist Scripps Institution of Oceanography Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Owen W. Anderson John Goddard Princeton University Robert M. Key Tonilee Key Scripps Institution of Oceanography Edward A. Hoopes Sharon C. Yamasaki Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility Marie C. Beaupre Walter R. Bryan Jacob O. Colbert Carol B. Conway Frank M. Delahoyde Timothy J. Field Arthur W. Heater Mary C. Johnson Douglas M. Masten Carl W. Mattson Richard V. Mead Raymond A. Rove Kristin M. Sanborn Frank Sanchez Edward J. Slater James A. Wells LEG 4 Ship's Captain Emerson Hiller Scientists-in-Charge Wallace S. Broecker, Chief Scientist Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Claes G.H. Rooth University of Miami Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory Guy G. Mathieu Sally J. Mathieu Tsung-Hung Peng Richard H. Wanninkhof Scripps Institution of Oceanography Edward J. Dlugokencky Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility David L. Bos Jacob G. Colbert Carol B. Conway Gary D. Cooper Arthur W. Hester Leonard T. Lopez Norma L. Mantyla Douglas M. Masten Carl W. Mattson Richard V. Mead David A. Muus Ronald G. Patrick Walter A. Richter Edward J. Slater Karen Sowell Paul R. Sweet LEG 5 Ship's Captain Richard Bowen Scientists-in-Charge Taro Takahashi, Chief Scientist Lamont -Doherty Geological Observatory James H. Swift Scripps Institution of Oceanography William M. Smethie, Jr. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory Marilyn R. Buchholtz Nathan Schechtman Sherry L. Schiff Scripps Institution of Oceanography Edward J. Dlugokencky Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility David L. Bos Walter R. Bryan Frank M. Delahoyde Timothy J. Field Leonard T. Lopez Miriam K. Oleinik W. Martin Parks Frank Sanchez Karen Sowell Martha O. Stallard Paul R. Sweet Baron E. Thomas John L. Vitek James A. Wells Robert T. Williams Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hugh D. Livingston LEG 6 Ship's Captain Emerson Hifler Scientists-in-Charge William T. Jenkins, Chief Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Peter Rhines Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Mike Amdurer David W. Chipman John Goddard Scripps Institution of Oceanography Arnold W. Mantyla Frederick A. Van Woy Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility Marie C. Beaupre Jacob G. Colbert James P. Costello Timothy J. Field Arthur A. Hester Carl W. Mattson Richard V. Mead David A. Muus Miriam K. Oleinik Ronald G. Patrick Kristin M. Sanborn Martha O. Stallard Baron E. Thomas John L. Vitek James A. Wells Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Don Mann University of Bern, Physics Institute Heinz H. Loosli LEG 7 Ship's Captain Emerson Hiller Scientists-in-Charge Peter G. Brewer, Chief Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution William M. Smethie, Jr. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Greg Kolibas Nathan Schechtman James White National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Richard H. Gammon Princeton University Robert M. Key Scripps Institution of Oceanography John L. Bullister Edward A. Hoopes Scripps Institution of Oceanography Physical & Chemical Oceanographic Data Facility David L. Bos Jacob G. Colbert Carol B. Conway Frank M. Delahoyde Arthur A. Hester Leonard T. Lopez Carl W. Mattson Richard V. Mead Ronald G. Patrick Raymond A. Rowe Frank Sanchez Edward J. Slater Karen Sowell. Paul R. Sweet Robert T. Williams Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Paul N. Hammer TRANSIENT TRACERS IN THE OCEAN Itinerary Of The RV Knorr DEPART ARRIVE ------------------------- ------------------------- LEG 1 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Freeport, Bahamas 1 April 1981 13 April 1981 LEG 2 Freeport, Bahamas St. Georges, Bermuda 16 April 1981 10 may 1981 LEG 3 Hamilton, Bermuda Ponta Delgada, Azores 16 May 1981 14 June 1981 LEG 4 Ponta Delgada, Azores Greenoch, Scotland 19 June 1981 14 July 1981 LEG 5 Greenoch, Scotland Reykjavik, Iceland 21 July 1981 14 August 1981 LEG 6 Reykjavik, Iceland St. Johns, Newfoundland 21 August 1981 17 September 1981 LEG 7 St. Johns, Newfoundland Woods Hole, Massachusetts 23 September 1981 19 October1981 LEG STATIONS --- -------- 1 1-14 2 15-41 3 42-109 4 110-140 5 141-171 6 172-219 7 220-250 SURFACE RADON PROFILES AND HYDROGRAPHY Data Presented This report contains 222Rn and 226Ra data collected during the TTO North Atlantic Study. The radon analyses were carried out on board ship by LDGO personnel. The accompanying potential temperature, salinity, and density data were collected on the same samples analyzed for radon. The PACODF group at Scripps was responsible for collection of this data and the temperature, salinity, and density data presented here were taken from preliminary cruise reports. The mixed layer depth, which was determined from the density data, is also presented. Sample Collection And Analysis Samples were collected using 30-liter Niskin bottles hung on a hydrowire. Generally 8-12 samples were collected per profile with samples spaced so that 3-5 samples were obtained from the surface mixed layer, 4-7 samples with a 3- m spacing between samples were obtained from the top of the pycnocline, and 1-2 samples were obtained 20-50 m below the base of the mixed layer. Each cast was preceded by either a CTD or XBT cast to determine the appropriate sample spacing. Radon was extracted from the 19-1 water samples which were transferred from the 30-1 Niskin bottles to evacuated flint glass bottles. The extraction was done by recirculating helium through the sample at 1-2 liters/min. for 90 minutes and removing the radon from the circulating helium with a charcoal trap cooled to -60°C. At the end of the extraction the trapped radon was quantitatively transferred to a gas scintillation cell and the cell was placed on a counter to measure the radioactivity. Details of the technique are described in Mathieu (1). The precision of the measurement was generally ± 5%. Temperature and salinity were measured on every radon sample. Temperature was measured using reversing thermometers and salinity measurements were made with an Autosal salinometer. Determination Of The Mixed Layer Depth The mixed layer depth was determined from the density data calculated from the temperature and salinity measurements made on the radon samples. The vertical profiles of density in the mixed layer and in the top of the pycnocline were linearly extrapolated until they intersected and the depth of this intersection was taken to be the depth of the mixed layer. Determination Of The 226RA Concentration For each 226Rn profile, generally three of the 222Rn samples were analyzed for 226Ra using the MnO2 impregnated acrylic fiber technique [(Moore et al., (2); Key et al., (3)]. After the 222Rn analysis at sea, the water was drained through a tube 1.9 cm ID x 15 cm long packed with MnO2 impregnated fiber at a flow rate of less than 0.5 liters/minute. The fibers were returned to the laboratory where the MnO2 and adsorbed 226Ra were leached from the fiber in hot 6N HCl. The leachate, containing the 226Ra was sea1ed in a glass stripper and allowed to equilibrate with 222Rn. The 222Rn was removed from solution by bubbling helium through the solution and then measured by the same techniques used to measure 222Rn at sea. Each sample was analyzed at least 3 times by allowing 222Rn to grow back into equilibrium after each analysis. Beneath the radon deficit region, 222Rn and, 226Ra are in equilibrium. Thus, the 222Rn radioactivity equals the 226Ra radioactivity. At each station, the bottom sample was below the radon deficit and at most stations, several samples were below the radon deficit as indicated by a constant concentration. A typical profile is shown in Figure 1. The 226Ra radioactivity beneath the mixed layer was taken to be equal to the mean in situ 222Rn radioactivity in the region beneath the deficit where the 222Rn radioactivity was constant. For stations where the in situ 222Rn did not reach a constant value, the bottom point in the profile was taken to be equal to the 226Ra radioactivity. The 226Ra radioactivity determined from in situ 222Rn measurements beneath the radon deficit and from fiber samples co1lected beneath the radon deficit should agree. However, the in situ 222Rn measurements are generally 10 to 15% higher than the fiber 226Ra measurements (Figure 2). This is not caused by a calibration problem because the same measurement equipment and standards were used in the lab and at sea. We do not know the cause of this, but the same phenomenon was observed in 222Rn and 226Ra measurements made on the Warm Core Rings project [Orr et al., (4)]. Two possible causes come to mind: 1) The fibers did not remove 226Ra from seawater at 100% efficiency. If this were the case, then differences in the water flow rate through the fiber column could result in different extraction efficiencies which would explain the scatter in Figure 2; 2) 226Ra in suspended particulate matter plays an important role in supporting 222Rn in the upper ocean, i.e., 222Rn is produced from dissolved 226Ra and 226Ra in suspended particulate matter. Our sampling technique would undersample suspended particulate matter because some of the suspended particulate matter would settle below the spigot on the 30-1 Niskin bottle before the water sample was drawn. Although the fiber columns do collect suspended particulate matter since some of the particulate matter remains in the Niskin bottle, the 226Ra measured by the fiber method would not represent the total amount of 226Ra supporting water column 222Rn. The amount of suspended particulate matter and the amount of 226Ra contained in the suspended particulate matter would vary from station to station and could explain the scatter in Figure 2. There is very little data on 226Ra in suspended particulate matter. A few measurements on suspended particulate matter in the Sargasso Sea reveal a maximum 226Ra radioactivity of 0.2 dpm/100 kg of seawater [Bishop et al., (5)]. A radioactivity of 1 to 1.5 dpm/100 kg is required to explain the discrepancy that we observe between in situ 222Rn and fiber 226Ra measurements. To use the fiber 226Ra measurements, we have applied a correction factor to the fiber data. This factor was determined by fitting a straight line, forced through the origin, through the data presented in Figure 2. All data except 5 points where the fiber 226Ra was greater than the in situ 222Rn by 1 standard deviation, were used. The correction factor is the slope of the line, which is 1.114 ± 0.119 (Figure 2). To determine the 226Ra profile for each station, the in situ 222Rn measurements were used for the region beneath the radon deficit and the fiber 226Ra measurements (corrected by multiplying by 1.114 ± 0.119) were used for the mixed layer. If two fiber samples had been collected from the mix layer, they were averaged before applying the correction factor. 226Ra values between the mixed layer value and the value determined from in situ 222Rn were determined by linear interpolation. The errors reported were calculated by propagating the errors on the correction factor and the fiber 226Ra measurement. The error on the 226Ra determined from in situ 222Rn measurements is the standard derivation of the mean where more than one measurement was used and is the error on the individual measurement when only one measurement was used. All errors reported are 1 standard derivation. At stations 3, 5, 6, 7, and 13, 226Ra was assumed to be constant with respect to depth and equal to the in situ 222Rn beneath the radon deficit. The reason that this was done is that the fiber 226Ra measurements appear to be too high for stations 3, 5, and 6 and no fiber 226Ra data was obtained for stations 7 and 13. The silica difference between the surface mixed layer and water just beneath the mixed layer was less than 0.3 µM/kg which suggests that the 226Ra should be constant over this depth range. Data Reduction All 222Rn concentrations have been decay corrected to the time that the Niskin bottles were tripped. The data reduction is described in detail in Sarmiento et al. (6) and Smethie (7). The error reported is one standard deviation and is the result of propagating errors arising from counting statistics, uncertainty in counting efficiency, uncertainty in the background count rate, and uncertainty in the volume of the water sample. The error arising from counting statistics was calculated using the J factor as described by Lucas and Woodward (8) and Key (9). Counting efficiencies were determined by running diluted aliquots of the NBS 226Ra standard material #4953-C, and the error in the counting efficiency is the standard deviation of replicate runs made during the TTO/TAS expedition. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Radon analysts for the seven legs of TTO/NAS were: Leg 1 Bill Smethie, Bob Trier, Owen Andersen (all LDGO) Leg 2 Guy Mathieu, Sally Mathieu, Dee Breger (all LDGO) Leg 3 Bob Key (Princeton), Owen Andersen (LDGO) Leg 4 Guy Mathieu (LDGO), Sally Mathieu (LDGO), T.H. Peng (Oak Ridge) Leg 5 Bill Smethie, Sherry Shiff, Marilyn Buchholtz (all LDGO) Leg 6 John Goddard, Mike Amdurer (all LDGO) Leg 7 Bob Key (Princeton), Jim White (LDGO), Greg Kolibas (LDGO) Guy Mathieu and John Goddard were responsible for setting up the shipboard 222Rn laboratory and the computer routines for data reduction. The 226Ra samples returned to the laboratory were analyzed by Libby Ramage, Doug Maduro, and Ester Brady. Bob Key provided us with a Fortran program for the J-factor calculation. This work was supported by NSF grant number OCE 79-25888 to Dr. W.S. Broecker and Dr. W.M. Smethie, Jr. of Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. William M. Smethie, Jr. Libby Ramage REFERENCES [1] G.G. Mathieu, Rn-222 and Ra-226 technique of analyses, In: Transport and transfer rates in the waters of the continental shelf, Annual report to the Energy Research and Development Administration for Contract EY 76-S-02-2185, (June 1977). [2] W.S. Moore, B.M. Key and J.L. Sarmiento, Techniques for precise mapping of 226Ra and 228Ra in the ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, (1985) 90, 6983-6994. [3] R.M. Key, R.L. Brewer, J.H. Stockwell, N.L. Guinasso, Jr. and D.R. Schink, Some improved techniques for measuring radon and radium in marine sediments and seawater, Marine Chemistry (1979) 7, 251-264. [4] T.-H. Peng, W.S. Broecker, G.G. Mathieu, Y.-H. Li and A.E. Bainbridge, Radon evasion rates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as determined during the GEOSECS program, Journal of Geophysical Research, (1979), 84(C5), 2471-2486. [5] J.K.B. Bishop, J.M. Edmond, D.R. Ketten, M.P. Bacon and W.B. Silker, The chemistry, biology, and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Research, (1977), 24, 511-548. [6] J.L. Sarmiento, D.E. Hammond and W.S. Broecker, The calculation of the statistical counting error for 222Rn scintillation counting, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, (1976), 32, 351-356. [7] W.M. Smethie, Jr., An investigation of vertical mixing rates in fjords using naturally occurring radon-222 and salinity as tracers, PhD thesis, University of Washington, (1979), 247 pp. [8] H.F. Lucas and Woodward, Effect of long decay chains on the counting statistics in the analysis of Ra-224 and Rn-222, Journal of Applied Physics, (1964), 35. [9] R.M. Key, Estimating the standard deviation for Rn-222 scintillation counting - a note concerning the paper by Sarmiento et al., Earth and Planetary Science Letter, (1977), 35, 184-187. Figure 1: 222Rn and σθ versus depth for TTO/NAS station 211. Figure 2: Shipboard 222Rn versus fiber 226Ra for samples beneath the radon deficit for TTO/NAS. Extensive freon measurements were conducted on Leg 7 of TTO. The system built for this cruise performed very reliably. More than 500 water samples were analysed for both freons, F-11 and F-12, so that complete vertical profiles were obtained at 24 of the possible 30 field stations. In addition, more than 100 measurements of freon concentrations in the atmosphere were made as part of the calibration procedure, as well as for the subsequent determination of the degree of saturation of the surface waters. Measurable concentrations of F-11 and F-12 were found at all depths for all stations except the southernmost (28 N). A well-defined freon maximum at the bottom (5000m) can be traced southward to GEOSECS Station 28 (39 N), remarkably like the deep tritium feature found during the North Atlantic GEOSECS study in 1972-3. In two different crossings of the Western Boundary Current (WBC), the freon signal revealed the WBC core at a depth of ~3600m (43 N, 60 W), and somewhat deeper, ~4200m, further to the northeast off St Johns, Newfoundland (47 N, 42 W). The freon concentrations in the surface water were found to decrease with increasing sea surface temperature, remaining close to saturation equilibrium with the simultaneously measured atmospheric burden. There was no measurable latitude gradient of these gases in the marine troposphere from 47 to 28 N. The observed penetration of freon gases into the deep North Atlantic will lead to an improved understanding of the circulation and sink capacity of this ocean for man-made gases (freons, CO2) critical to global changes. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant #OCE- 7925889. Richard H. Gammon CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, ALL LEGS: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 1987-04-07 Unknown DELC14/TRITIUM From CDIAC Website TTO NAS TAS TRITIUM and C14 DATA 87/04/07 DOS DISK The files on the floppy disk include only samples on which Cl4 or T (or both) have been measured. Missing data are indicated by blanks. Files are ASCII characters, forming integers of the actual numbers, multiplied by FACTORbelow. File format is DOS, as it comes on the IBM PC. One long string of characters as follows: BYTES WIDTH DATA, (right justified) FACTOR 1-6 6 Station number 1 7-12 6 Cast, Niskin bottle number 1 13-18 6 Depth in m or pressure in dB, supplied by PACODF 1 19-24 6 Potential temp., see pg. 5 in Data Report 15 1000 25-30 6 Salinity, in S-units, supplied by PACODF 1000 31-36 6 Sigma Theta, see pg.5 in Data Report 15 1000 37-42 6 TU in old scale at time of sampling 1000 43-48 6 Error, 1 Sigma, in TU 1000 49-54 6 TCO2 in moles/kg. Note: On TTO there are TCO2 1000 data available on more samples, not listed here 55-60 6 dC13 (o/oo) vs PDB, of our CO2 preparations 1000 61-68 8 DC14 in internationally adopted scale 1000 69-72 4 Gerard sampler # 1 73-78 6 Available - 79 1 CR - 80 1 LF - The Tritium Lab is responsible only for the TU, eTU,dC13 and DC14 data to be accurate. For up-to-date hydrography, TCO2, and other parameters, please contact Scripps Data Facility. Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 1989-08-31 Jenkins, William He/Tr From CDIAC Website WHOI Helium Isotope Lab Data Release #3.0 August 31, 1989 Tritium and 3He from TTO-NAS and NATS 1981 Dear Colleague, The files on this disk (TTO.DAT and NAT.DAT) are a listing of tritium, helium and hydrographic data taken on two expeditions which took place in the summer of 1981. The TTO North Atlantic Survey took place on the KNORR on seven legs with a variety of chief scientists (see the data report published by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ref SIO No. 86-15). The NATS (North Atlantic Tracer Section) data (AT-109, legs 1-3) were taken with C.Wunsch, H.Stommel and D.Roemmich as chief scientists. We are indebted to all for their help. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, grants No. OCE79-21378 and OCE81- 17998. You are free to use this data as you see fit, but an acknowledgement of its source would be appreciated in any resulting publications. There are a total of 3235 tritium and 2893 helium measurements. The data are organized as simple ascii files with two kinds of records in a repeating pattern: a station header record, followed by a number of depth records. Ancillary hydrographic information is included for your convenience only, and we make no claim as to its accuracy. Cast and bottle numbers are included to permit referencing the actual hydrographic data released by the PACODF group. We present the helium-3 data in two "units" for use at your own discretion. Null values are indicated as -99. We have made every attempt to ensure that there are no errors in the data (eg due to mis-labelling), but if you find any "fliers", please notify us (telemail W.Jenkins) of the cast and bottle number and what the problem appears to be, and we will investigate. Don't forget to include the data release number. The data can be read by the following fortran statements (contained in the file "test.for"): open(unit=3,file='TTO.DAT',status='old') 100 read(3,110,end=300)ista,ndeps,stalat,stalon,id,im,iy 110 format(2i3,2f8.3,3i3) do 200 i=1,ndeps read(3,120)icast,ibott,pres,temp,salt,oxy,trit,sigt,he3,del3,che 120 format(2i2,f6.0,2f8.3,f5.0,3f7.2,f7.1,f7.2) 200 continue go to 100 c c ................................. c 300 close(unit=3) c c The program test.for has been succesfully used under both SUN OS v4.0 and Microsoft (MSDOS) v5.0 fortran compilers. The variables read are: STATION HEADER: ista station number ndeps number of depths to be read stalat station latitude (N positive) in decimal degrees stalon station longitude (W positive) in dec. degrees id,im,iy station date (day, month, year) DEPTH RECORDS: icast cast number ibott bottle number pres pressure in decibars temp in situ temperature (deg. C) salt salinity (PSU) oxygen dissolved oxygen (uM/Kg) trit tritium (T.U.) at time of station sigt uncertainty in tritium (T.U.) he3 excess helium-3 (T.U.)* del3 helium isotope ratio anomaly (permil)** che helium concentration (ncc/g)*** * the excess helium-3 is computed according to Jenkins (1987). Uncertainty is .035 T.U. ** relative to the atmospheric ratio. Uncertainty is 1.5 permil. *** uncertainty is 0.1 ncc/g [ncc = 10^-9 cc(STP)]. The data reported here are the result of the work of a number of people (both present and past) in the Helium Isotope Laboratory. They are: Richard D. Boudreau Marcia W. Davis (Pratt) Philip A. DesJardin Peggy A. Dickinson (O'Brien) Heidi Hinds William J. Jenkins Danuta G. Kaminski Dempsey E. Lott III Gary Newhart References: Jenkins, W.J. (1987) 3H and 3He in the Beta Triangle: observations of gyre ventilation and oxygen utilization rates. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 17, 763-783. Lott, D.E. and W.J. Jenkins (1984) An automated cryogenic charcoal trap system for helium isotope mass spectrometry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 1982-1988. CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 1 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-02-10 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS Leg1 notes Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Added missing NB 69 from PACODF data report SIO Ref. #86-15 Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. No Miami rosette sample data for Leg 1. Notes for Leg1: Temperature for Station 2, sample 101, 14db is Reversing Thermometer not CTD temperature and appears 3 deg low. Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz Low Temperature and Salinity on Station 2 above 120db are as shown in NODC data. Left as is. CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 2 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-09-13 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS notes for Leg2: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 15 2 1 11.0 3.46 0.06 8.0 2.87 0.11 0.59 15 2 5 300.0 4.42 0.07 296.0 3.74 0.12 0.68 15 2 6 348.0 3.85 0.06 344.0 3.55 0.13 0.30 15 2 7 447.0 4.61 0.11 443.0 3.53 0.11 1.08 15 2 8 547.0 3.80 0.10 542.0 2.67 0.10 1.13 15 2 9 642.0 3.21 0.10 639.0 2.10 0.07 1.11 15 2 10 743.0 1.12 0.07 734.0 0.89 0.05 0.23 15 2 11 791.0 0.97 0.04 782.0 0.91 0.06 0.06 15 2 13 932.0 0.64 0.04 923.0 0.69 0.08 -0.05 15 2 20 2141.0 0.22 0.04 2117.0 0.18 0.06 0.04 15 2 23 2773.0 0.22 0.03 2736.0 0.24 0.06 -0.02 15 2 27 3149.0 0.45 0.04 3106.0 0.67 0.06 -0.22 15 2 28 3277.0 0.39 0.04 3233.0 0.37 0.06 0.02 15 2 29 3396.0 0.55 0.04 3349.0 0.43 0.05 0.12 15 2 30 3654.0 0.44 0.03 3603.0 0.48 0.06 -0.04 15 2 31 3916.0 0.35 0.03 3857.0 0.33 0.06 0.02 15 2 34 4449.0 0.47 0.04 4377.0 0.29 0.06 0.18 15 2 35 4659.0 0.42 0.04 4582.0 0.18 0.06 0.24 15 2 36 4764.0 0.31 0.03 4684.0 0.24 0.09 0.07 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* * STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU * 15 2 4 195.0 -9.00 193.0 3.30 0.10 2 15 2 12 888.0 -9.00 881.0 0.49 0.05 2 15 2 15 1183.0 -9.00 1172.0 0.91 0.07 2 15 2 17 1399.0 -9.00 1385.0 1.02 0.07 2 15 2 19 1836.0 -9.00 1821.0 0.50 0.06 2 15 2 21 2348.0 -9.00 2320.0 0.33 0.06 2 15 2 32 4185.0 -9.00 4120.0 0.33 0.06 2 15 2 33 4348.0 -9.00 4280.0 0.30 0.05 2 32 2 24 3675.0 -9.00 3622.0 -0.10 0.07 2 32 2 27 4453.0 -9.00 4382.0 0.02 0.06 2 33 2 33 995.0 -9.00 989.0 0.02 0.05 2 33 2 34 1249.0 -9.00 1241.0 0.14 0.05 2 33 2 35 1652.0 -9.00 1641.0 0.11 0.05 2 34 2 14 1169.0 -9.00 1165.0 0.15 0.05 2 34 2 15 1374.0 -9.00 1368.0 0.11 0.04 2 34 2 16 1582.0 -9.00 1574.0 0.14 0.04 2 34 2 19 2501.0 -9.00 2479.0 0.00 0.05 2 34 2 20 2993.0 -9.00 2962.0 -0.06 0.05 2 35 1 10 648.0 -9.00 648.0 0.89 0.07 2 35 1 18 1403.0 -9.00 1400.0 0.12 0.05 2 35 1 19 1604.0 -9.00 1598.0 -0.01 0.04 2 35 1 23 1806.0 -9.00 1797.0 0.09 0.04 2 35 1 24 2010.0 -9.00 1997.0 0.01 0.04 2 36 2 1 12.0 -9.00 19.0 2.10 0.09 2 36 2 3 61.0 -9.00 69.0 2.78 0.11 2 36 2 5 198.0 -9.00 205.0 3.21 0.11 2 36 2 6 255.0 -9.00 280.0 3.61 0.14 2 36 2 7 368.0 -9.00 374.0 3.39 0.13 2 36 2 8 471.0 -9.00 476.0 3.12 0.10 2 36 2 11 840.0 -9.00 849.0 0.06 0.05 2 36 2 12 1003.0 -9.00 1005.0 0.05 0.06 2 36 2 13 1183.0 -9.00 1183.0 0.06 0.05 2 36 2 14 1378.0 -9.00 1382.0 0.14 0.04 2 36 2 15 1608.0 -9.00 1604.0 0.00 0.05 2 36 2 16 1997.0 -9.00 1985.0 -0.06 0.04 2 36 2 18 2967.0 -9.00 2940.0 -0.01 0.00 2 36 2 20 3964.0 -9.00 3915.0 0.00 0.05 2 38 2 22 -9.0 -9.00 3751.0 -0.07 0.05 2 39 2 18 1833.0 -9.00 1813.0 -0.02 0.04 2 39 2 20 2601.0 -9.00 2569.0 -0.07 0.04 2 39 2 22 3601.0 -9.00 3548.0 0.16 0.05 2 39 2 24 4631.0 -9.00 4552.0 0.14 0.04 2 39 2 28 5451.0 -9.00 5349.0 -0.10 0.04 2 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 15 2 4763 16 2 4773 19 1 5625 20 2 5617 24 2 5943 25 1 1630 26 2 5192 27 4 1620 27 5 151 35 1 2017 35 2 52 36 2 4894 38 2 5816 39 2 5702 40 2 5943 41 1 5432 CTD data in NODC file for Station 23 Cast 2 is bad and was left out: ( P T S ) ( 5 22.23 33.664 ) (steady increase in T and S to:) ( 1519 612.05 960.93 ) CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 3 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-09-13 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS Leg 3 notes: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Added missing NB 69 from PACODF data report SIO Ref. #86-15 Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Station 105 Ca 1 Bottle 21 depth given as 3493. ODF Report SIO Ref. No. 86-15 depth is 1024. " " press is 1034. Miami tritium 1.190 & triter 0.065 for this sample not used. Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 43 4 1 10.0 4.01 0.07 8.0 3.81 0.13 0.20 43 4 2 408.0 3.76 0.06 403.0 3.60 0.14 0.16 43 4 3 605.0 3.15 0.07 598.0 2.70 0.10 0.45 43 4 4 801.0 1.62 0.06 791.0 1.66 0.08 -0.04 43 4 6 1207.0 0.68 0.05 1191.0 0.67 0.05 0.01 43 4 7 1311.0 1.08 0.05 1293.0 0.74 0.05 0.34 43 4 8 1415.0 0.74 0.04 1395.0 0.54 0.05 0.20 43 4 9 1518.0 0.49 0.04 1497.0 0.46 0.05 0.03 43 4 10 1619.0 0.56 0.04 1597.0 0.47 0.06 0.09 43 4 11 1722.0 0.28 0.07 1697.0 0.19 0.05 0.09 43 4 12 1824.0 0.14 0.04 1798.0 0.23 0.04 -0.09 43 4 19 4373.0 0.03 0.03 4286.0 0.10 0.04 -0.07 54 1 11 512.0 4.04 0.11 500.0 3.55 0.12 0.49 54 1 12 612.0 4.43 0.11 598.0 3.60 0.12 0.83 54 1 13 712.0 3.82 0.11 698.0 2.93 0.11 0.89 54 1 14 811.0 3.19 0.10 797.0 2.42 0.10 0.77 54 1 15 911.0 3.28 0.10 896.0 2.28 0.10 1.00 54 1 16 1010.0 3.22 0.10 996.0 2.21 0.10 1.01 54 1 17 1109.0 2.93 0.09 1095.0 2.70 0.12 0.23 54 1 18 1209.0 2.90 0.05 1193.0 2.34 0.08 0.56 54 1 19 1309.0 2.41 0.05 1292.0 1.90 0.09 0.51 54 1 21 1503.0 1.08 0.04 1484.0 0.81 0.07 0.27 54 1 22 1590.0 0.62 0.04 1569.0 0.39 0.05 0.23 54 1 23 1781.0 0.27 0.03 1759.0 0.28 0.05 -0.01 54 1 24 1973.0 0.05 0.03 1950.0 0.11 0.05 -0.06 55 1 14 1117.0 3.02 0.10 1101.0 2.50 0.11 0.52 99 2 14 1628.0 0.63 0.07 1607.0 0.64 0.05 -0.01 109 2 1 4.0 4.49 0.05 2.0 4.18 0.13 0.31 109 2 17 2008.0 0.30 0.02 1977.0 0.43 0.06 -0.13 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU 51 1 9 1018.0 -9.00 1008.0 0.97 0.07 2 52 2 12 1122.0 -9.00 1104.0 0.85 0.07 2 52 2 14 1324.0 -9.00 1303.0 0.59 0.00 2 52 2 16 1627.0 -9.00 1602.0 0.27 0.05 2 52 2 18 2036.0 -9.00 2003.0 0.01 0.05 2 53 1 11 1010.0 -9.00 995.0 1.81 0.07 2 54 1 20 1407.0 -9.00 1389.0 1.55 0.08 2 56 1 23 960.0 -9.00 950.0 2.04 0.09 2 57 1 20 1012.0 -9.00 1000.0 1.07 0.08 2 68 2 5 393.0 -9.00 384.0 3.94 0.11 2 68 2 7 587.0 -9.00 575.0 3.55 0.12 2 68 2 9 780.0 -9.00 766.0 1.69 0.07 2 68 2 11 984.0 -9.00 968.0 1.02 0.07 2 68 2 13 1303.0 -9.00 1283.0 0.68 0.05 2 68 2 15 1627.0 -9.00 1603.0 0.27 0.05 2 68 2 17 2020.0 -9.00 1992.0 -0.11 0.05 2 71 2 5 416.0 -9.00 406.0 4.16 0.14 2 71 2 7 616.0 -9.00 604.0 3.08 0.10 2 71 2 9 813.0 -9.00 798.0 1.47 0.06 2 71 2 13 1319.0 -9.00 1299.0 0.27 0.05 2 71 2 15 1624.0 -9.00 1601.0 0.07 0.05 2 77 1 10 895.0 -9.00 885.0 0.66 0.06 2 77 1 12 1148.0 -9.00 1135.0 0.43 0.06 2 80 2 2 113.0 -9.00 105.0 4.26 0.12 2 80 2 4 314.0 -9.00 304.0 4.07 0.13 2 80 2 6 514.0 -9.00 501.0 3.71 0.22 2 80 2 8 711.0 -9.00 696.0 1.45 0.08 2 80 2 10 913.0 -9.00 895.0 0.45 0.06 2 80 2 12 1118.0 -9.00 1099.0 0.32 0.05 2 80 2 14 1321.0 -9.00 1299.0 0.25 0.05 2 80 2 16 1522.0 -9.00 1498.0 0.08 0.05 2 87 1 8 1117.0 -9.00 1097.0 0.99 0.05 2 89 1 17 1111.0 -9.00 1092.0 2.13 0.09 2 90 1 16 1116.0 -9.00 1097.0 2.24 0.10 2 90 1 18 1299.0 -9.00 1279.0 2.08 0.08 2 91 1 17 1013.0 -9.00 997.0 2.47 0.08 2 91 1 19 1218.0 -9.00 1200.0 2.18 0.09 2 93 1 17 1119.0 -9.00 1102.0 1.96 0.08 2 94 1 9 408.0 -9.00 400.0 3.88 0.12 2 94 1 11 610.0 -9.00 598.0 3.29 0.12 2 94 1 13 814.0 -9.00 799.0 2.75 0.10 2 94 1 15 1016.0 -9.00 999.0 2.47 0.09 2 94 1 17 1220.0 -9.00 1200.0 2.22 0.10 2 94 1 19 1425.0 -9.00 1402.0 1.78 0.09 2 94 1 21 1627.0 -9.00 1601.0 0.58 0.06 2 96 1 9 1022.0 -9.00 1004.0 0.78 0.06 2 98 1 2 110.0 -9.00 107.0 3.82 0.12 2 98 1 4 307.0 -9.00 303.0 4.04 0.13 2 98 1 6 505.0 -9.00 498.0 3.70 0.13 2 98 1 8 699.0 -9.00 690.0 2.94 0.10 2 98 1 10 1007.0 -9.00 988.0 1.38 0.07 2 98 1 12 1511.0 -9.00 1486.0 0.61 0.06 2 99 2 1 7.0 -9.00 1.0 4.12 0.13 2 99 2 3 418.0 -9.00 411.0 3.93 0.13 2 99 2 5 618.0 -9.00 610.0 4.08 0.13 2 99 2 7 820.0 -9.00 810.0 2.25 0.09 2 99 2 9 1022.0 -9.00 1010.0 2.44 0.09 2 99 2 11 1225.0 -9.00 1210.0 1.57 0.08 2 99 2 13 1426.0 -9.00 1408.0 1.26 0.07 2 102 1 16 904.0 -9.00 891.0 2.53 0.11 2 102 1 18 1311.0 -9.00 1289.0 1.55 0.08 2 104 1 14 715.0 -9.00 699.0 2.80 0.11 2 104 1 16 916.0 -9.00 898.0 2.83 0.11 2 104 1 18 1118.0 -9.00 1099.0 2.15 0.09 2 104 1 20 1323.0 -9.00 1302.0 1.63 0.07 2 104 1 22 1626.0 -9.00 1602.0 0.86 0.06 2 106 1 7 1012.0 -9.00 999.0 1.48 0.07 2 106 1 9 1215.0 -9.00 1200.0 1.12 0.07 2 106 1 11 1418.0 -9.00 1400.0 0.74 0.05 2 107 1 10 1111.0 -9.00 1103.0 1.23 0.06 2 109 2 2 114.0 -9.00 106.0 4.45 0.14 2 109 2 4 316.0 -9.00 304.0 4.06 0.13 2 109 2 6 517.0 -9.00 503.0 3.84 0.11 2 109 2 8 718.0 -9.00 702.0 2.70 0.11 2 109 2 10 921.0 -9.00 903.0 1.46 0.06 2 109 2 12 1123.0 -9.00 1103.0 1.31 0.06 2 109 2 14 1428.0 -9.00 1404.0 0.85 0.05 2 109 2 16 1828.0 -9.00 1800.0 1.19 0.07 2 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD.csv.gz ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD2.csv.gz ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 46 1 2944 63 1 1703 64 1 2012 65 1 1993 67 1 1706 75 1 1783 83 1 4926 93 1 2507 99 2 5405 100 1 1997 101 1 1993 102 1 3148 103 3 2013 105 1 1975 109 2 4988 CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 4 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-09-13 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS notes Leg4: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 110 4 1 15.0 4.80 0.14 9.0 3.63 0.13 1.17 110 4 3 52.0 4.55 0.13 48.0 4.11 0.14 0.44 110 4 4 73.0 4.52 0.13 68.0 3.58 0.14 0.94 110 4 17 1479.0 1.38 0.08 1452.0 1.14 0.08 0.24 110 4 18 2044.0 0.34 0.06 2007.0 0.29 0.06 0.05 110 4 19 2697.0 0.15 0.05 2648.0 0.05 0.05 0.10 110 4 20 3180.0 0.09 0.05 3120.0 -0.02 0.06 0.11 110 4 21 3583.0 0.10 0.04 3513.0 0.26 0.05 -0.16 110 4 22 3983.0 0.07 0.05 3903.0 0.00 0.05 0.07 110 4 23 4380.0 -0.04 0.04 4290.0 -0.17 0.06 0.13 110 4 24 4770.0 0.16 0.05 4669.0 -0.07 0.04 0.23 111 4 7 569.0 3.83 0.05 556.0 3.45 0.13 0.38 111 4 8 721.0 2.43 0.04 706.0 2.13 0.10 0.30 111 4 14 1623.0 0.69 0.03 1597.0 0.57 0.06 0.12 112 4 7 152.0 0.00 0.00 149.0 4.32 0.14 -4.32 112 4 8 270.0 5.54 0.18 265.0 4.08 0.14 1.46 112 4 9 340.0 4.40 0.15 334.0 4.13 0.14 0.27 112 4 10 410.0 4.64 0.16 403.0 3.88 0.13 0.76 112 4 11 646.0 3.30 0.13 630.0 2.55 0.10 0.75 112 4 12 874.0 2.87 0.12 855.0 2.29 0.10 0.58 112 4 13 1418.0 1.18 0.10 1393.0 1.10 0.07 0.08 112 4 14 1639.0 0.58 0.08 1611.0 0.49 0.05 0.09 112 4 15 1909.0 0.31 0.07 1878.0 0.16 0.05 0.15 112 4 16 2225.0 -0.01 0.06 2189.0 -0.09 0.05 0.08 112 4 17 2662.0 -0.07 0.07 2619.0 -0.04 0.05 -0.03 113 2 5 196.0 4.46 0.09 191.0 4.65 0.16 -0.19 113 2 6 316.0 4.33 0.08 308.0 4.09 0.14 0.24 113 2 7 464.0 4.58 0.15 453.0 3.58 0.12 1.00 113 2 8 632.0 3.62 0.14 619.0 3.12 0.11 0.50 113 2 9 673.0 3.67 0.13 659.0 2.88 0.11 0.79 113 2 10 776.0 2.80 0.11 760.0 2.52 0.10 0.28 113 2 13 995.0 2.51 0.07 976.0 2.20 0.08 0.31 113 2 14 1061.0 2.35 0.11 1041.0 2.28 0.09 0.07 113 2 15 1174.0 2.55 0.12 1152.0 2.10 0.10 0.45 113 2 16 1271.0 2.68 0.11 1248.0 2.13 0.09 0.55 118 2 17 1473.0 2.54 0.11 1447.0 2.17 0.11 0.37 118 2 18 1642.0 0.00 0.00 1614.0 2.01 0.11 -2.01 118 2 19 1876.0 1.94 0.10 1845.0 1.58 0.11 0.36 118 2 20 2131.0 1.14 0.08 2097.0 1.08 0.08 0.06 118 2 21 2495.0 0.87 0.08 2453.0 0.57 0.07 0.30 118 2 22 2873.0 0.50 0.07 2825.0 0.57 0.06 -0.07 119 1 9 662.0 3.08 0.04 652.0 2.59 0.11 0.49 119 1 10 834.0 3.26 0.04 822.0 3.05 0.13 0.21 119 1 11 1030.0 3.19 0.04 1015.0 2.74 0.12 0.45 119 1 12 1476.0 2.54 0.04 1456.0 2.38 0.11 0.16 119 1 13 2022.0 1.64 0.03 1993.0 1.55 0.09 0.09 119 1 14 2453.0 0.00 0.00 2416.0 1.16 0.09 -1.16 119 1 15 2967.0 1.02 0.03 2918.0 0.81 0.08 0.21 119 1 16 3350.0 0.00 0.00 3293.0 0.70 0.06 -0.70 119 1 17 3554.0 0.84 0.03 3492.0 0.77 0.07 0.07 119 1 18 3718.0 0.00 0.00 3652.0 0.51 0.07 -0.51 121 2 8 512.0 3.39 0.04 503.0 3.30 0.15 0.09 122 3 1 14.0 5.20 0.05 9.0 4.66 0.16 0.54 122 3 3 65.0 5.06 0.05 63.0 4.57 0.16 0.49 122 3 5 100.0 5.17 0.05 97.0 4.65 0.15 0.52 122 3 7 176.0 4.39 0.05 172.0 4.05 0.13 0.34 123 1 2 58.0 5.49 0.17 56.0 4.65 0.15 0.84 123 1 9 1446.0 1.95 0.06 1417.0 1.91 0.09 0.04 123 1 10 1662.0 1.58 0.06 1630.0 1.47 0.07 0.11 123 1 11 1998.0 1.13 0.06 1960.0 1.34 0.08 -0.21 123 1 12 2283.0 1.53 0.10 2240.0 1.05 0.08 0.48 123 1 13 2706.0 1.59 0.06 2654.0 1.35 0.07 0.24 123 1 20 3774.0 1.51 0.06 3697.0 1.55 0.09 -0.04 123 1 26 4026.0 1.36 0.03 3942.0 1.41 0.09 -0.05 123 1 31 4231.0 1.45 0.03 4141.0 1.22 0.06 0.23 124 3 1 14.0 5.08 0.05 7.0 4.80 0.14 0.28 124 3 2 66.0 4.94 0.05 58.0 4.74 0.14 0.20 124 3 4 115.0 4.74 0.05 106.0 4.21 0.13 0.53 124 3 7 293.0 4.01 0.05 280.0 3.69 0.13 0.32 124 3 11 627.0 3.13 0.04 608.0 2.85 0.11 0.28 124 3 14 1307.0 2.08 0.04 1282.0 1.62 0.08 0.46 124 3 15 1574.0 1.85 0.03 1546.0 1.72 0.09 0.13 124 3 20 2673.0 1.83 0.04 2628.0 1.93 0.08 -0.09 124 3 22 2874.0 1.68 0.03 2825.0 1.68 0.07 0.00 124 3 24 3010.0 1.76 0.03 2959.0 1.40 0.08 0.36 127 2 2 26.0 4.67 0.16 23.0 4.07 0.16 0.60 127 2 3 53.0 4.85 0.16 51.0 4.58 0.13 0.27 127 2 4 80.0 4.62 0.09 77.0 4.07 0.12 0.55 127 2 5 105.0 4.20 0.09 103.0 3.93 0.12 0.27 127 2 6 155.0 4.32 0.08 152.0 3.47 0.11 0.85 127 2 7 206.0 4.20 0.08 202.0 4.25 0.12 -0.05 127 2 9 307.0 4.19 0.08 302.0 4.16 0.11 0.03 127 2 11 408.0 3.96 0.08 401.0 3.79 0.12 0.17 127 2 15 742.0 3.33 0.08 731.0 3.09 0.08 0.24 127 2 16 813.0 3.27 0.08 802.0 3.20 0.11 0.07 127 2 17 895.0 3.07 0.07 882.0 3.13 0.10 -0.06 127 2 18 965.0 2.81 0.07 951.0 2.38 0.09 0.43 127 2 21 1228.0 2.45 0.07 1208.0 2.23 0.10 0.22 127 2 20 1302.0 2.35 0.07 1580.0 1.82 0.08 0.53 127 2 23 1807.0 2.33 0.06 1780.0 2.35 0.10 -0.02 127 2 24 1878.0 2.39 0.07 1850.0 2.23 0.08 0.16 130 2 1 5.0 5.08 0.09 2.0 4.39 0.15 0.69 130 2 2 50.0 4.99 0.16 47.0 4.71 0.14 0.28 130 2 3 96.0 5.09 0.17 93.0 4.54 0.13 0.55 130 2 4 142.0 4.88 0.16 139.0 4.14 0.12 0.74 130 2 5 197.0 3.40 0.11 193.0 4.44 0.12 -1.04 130 2 6 248.0 4.27 0.16 243.0 3.92 0.12 0.35 130 2 7 309.0 4.49 0.15 304.0 4.05 0.13 0.44 130 2 8 403.0 4.10 0.15 396.0 3.67 0.13 0.43 130 2 9 507.0 3.77 0.14 500.0 3.53 0.12 0.24 130 2 10 607.0 3.62 0.14 597.0 3.10 0.10 0.52 130 2 11 683.0 3.35 0.14 673.0 2.97 0.11 0.38 130 2 12 810.0 3.30 0.13 791.0 2.80 0.09 0.50 130 2 13 1006.0 3.31 0.14 985.0 2.70 0.09 0.61 130 2 14 1243.0 2.67 0.13 1220.0 2.49 0.09 0.18 130 2 15 1516.0 2.45 0.12 1489.0 2.17 0.09 0.28 130 2 16 1789.0 1.98 0.12 1760.0 1.71 0.08 0.27 130 2 18 2196.0 1.82 0.11 2161.0 1.55 0.08 0.27 130 2 21 2531.0 1.40 0.11 2491.0 1.23 0.09 0.17 130 2 22 2683.0 1.67 0.11 2639.0 1.42 0.09 0.25 130 2 23 2782.0 2.02 0.12 2736.0 1.86 0.08 0.16 130 2 24 2842.0 2.16 0.12 2794.0 1.84 0.10 0.32 134 1 13 5.0 4.93 0.05 2.0 4.96 0.16 -0.03 134 1 14 50.0 5.02 0.10 47.0 4.91 0.15 0.11 134 1 15 80.0 4.82 0.10 76.0 4.52 0.16 0.30 134 1 16 156.0 4.46 0.05 151.0 4.41 0.13 0.05 134 1 17 287.0 4.28 0.05 282.0 4.06 0.14 0.22 134 1 18 456.0 4.02 0.05 449.0 3.60 0.16 0.42 134 1 19 549.0 4.08 0.05 541.0 3.71 0.11 0.37 134 1 20 757.0 2.89 0.04 739.0 2.74 0.10 0.15 134 1 21 898.0 2.63 0.04 879.0 2.66 0.12 -0.03 134 1 22 1069.0 2.41 0.04 1047.0 2.45 0.11 -0.04 134 1 23 1170.0 2.23 0.04 1147.0 1.85 0.09 0.38 134 1 24 1274.0 2.06 0.04 1250.0 1.29 0.11 0.77 138 1 13 12.0 4.91 0.10 7.0 4.27 0.18 0.64 138 1 15 253.0 4.31 0.09 242.0 3.99 0.17 0.32 138 1 16 596.0 4.24 0.09 581.0 3.67 0.16 0.57 138 1 17 739.0 4.46 0.09 720.0 4.06 0.11 0.40 138 1 18 1020.0 3.88 0.09 1000.0 3.67 0.16 0.21 138 1 19 1249.0 2.73 0.08 1226.0 2.51 0.11 0.22 138 1 20 1726.0 1.98 0.07 1697.0 1.85 0.09 0.13 138 1 21 2131.0 0.94 0.06 2098.0 1.15 0.09 -0.21 138 1 22 2686.0 0.31 0.04 2643.0 0.12 0.06 0.19 138 1 24 2843.0 0.14 0.04 2796.0 0.29 0.05 -0.15 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU 113 2 11 829.0 -9.00 812.0 2.29 0.09 2 113 2 12 904.0 -9.00 886.0 2.49 0.11 2 123 1 18 3569.0 -9.00 3498.0 1.34 0.07 2 123 1 24 4329.0 -9.00 4236.0 1.27 0.07 2 124 3 9 483.0 -9.00 465.0 3.16 0.11 2 130 2 19 2322.0 -9.00 2284.0 1.76 0.07 2 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 116 1 2007 118 2 4298 120 2 3891 121 2 3763 122 3 4385 124 3 3005 129 1 2384 130 2 2838 131 1 2845 CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 5 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-11-22 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS Leg 5 notes: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 141 2 1 14.0 4.84 0.09 12.0 4.88 0.17 -0.04 141 2 6 231.0 4.33 0.09 220.0 4.14 0.14 0.19 141 2 10 443.0 4.38 0.09 429.0 4.44 0.13 -0.06 141 2 16 1149.0 2.97 0.10 1129.0 2.69 0.09 0.28 141 2 24 1775.0 2.01 0.09 1749.0 2.04 0.13 -0.03 142 1 1 3.0 4.70 0.11 3.0 3.86 0.16 0.84 142 1 20 742.0 1.82 0.08 730.0 1.76 0.09 0.06 143 4 2 31.0 4.72 0.12 26.0 4.91 0.16 -0.19 143 4 12 519.0 3.52 0.10 502.0 3.27 0.12 0.25 143 4 14 819.0 2.07 0.09 799.0 1.91 0.11 0.16 143 4 16 1022.0 1.32 0.07 1000.0 1.44 0.07 -0.12 143 4 17 1124.0 1.08 0.07 1100.0 1.05 0.07 0.03 143 4 19 1832.0 0.28 0.04 1797.0 0.34 0.06 -0.06 143 4 20 2239.0 0.28 0.04 2199.0 0.33 0.05 -0.05 143 4 23 3508.0 0.26 0.06 3441.0 0.28 0.06 -0.02 144 2 1 498.0 4.78 0.09 480.0 4.26 0.14 0.52 144 2 3 699.0 3.68 0.08 679.0 3.55 0.11 0.13 144 2 8 1256.0 1.23 0.06 1229.0 1.13 0.06 0.10 144 2 9 1408.0 0.78 0.06 1380.0 0.76 0.08 0.02 144 2 20 3240.0 0.21 0.05 3179.0 0.32 0.05 -0.11 144 2 17 3694.0 0.22 0.04 3622.0 0.25 0.06 -0.03 144 2 15 3748.0 0.17 0.05 3675.0 0.25 0.05 -0.08 145 5 20 921.0 4.44 0.09 902.0 4.03 0.13 0.41 145 2 36 1411.0 1.58 0.07 1387.0 1.43 0.10 0.15 145 2 35 1718.0 1.60 0.06 1688.0 1.37 0.10 0.23 145 2 34 2022.0 0.85 0.06 1988.0 0.86 0.06 -0.01 145 2 32 2633.0 0.36 0.05 2586.0 0.43 0.04 -0.08 146 1 1 10.0 4.98 0.09 7.0 4.76 0.11 0.22 146 1 35 2118.0 0.78 0.05 2081.0 0.73 0.05 0.05 146 1 34 2423.0 0.81 0.05 2379.0 0.69 0.07 0.12 146 1 33 2730.0 0.75 0.05 2679.0 0.69 0.06 0.06 146 1 28 3106.0 0.76 0.05 3047.0 0.90 0.06 -0.14 146 1 22 3198.0 0.79 0.05 3137.0 0.87 0.05 -0.08 148 2 3 30.0 3.78 0.08 28.0 3.56 0.12 0.22 148 2 11 306.0 2.67 0.07 301.0 2.33 0.09 0.34 148 2 13 451.0 2.27 0.06 443.0 1.92 0.10 0.35 148 2 15 608.0 1.89 0.06 598.0 2.01 0.09 -0.12 148 2 19 1062.0 1.61 0.06 1043.0 1.46 0.07 0.15 148 2 21 1500.0 1.47 0.06 1475.0 1.21 0.07 0.26 148 2 22 3761.0 1.16 0.05 3685.0 1.18 0.06 -0.02 149 2 31 2826.0 0.90 0.05 2773.0 0.80 0.07 0.10 149 2 20 3260.0 0.91 0.05 3198.0 1.21 0.08 -0.30 152 1 1 4.0 6.42 0.11 2.0 6.09 0.14 0.33 152 1 24 2490.0 0.77 0.03 2445.0 0.74 0.05 0.03 153 1 2 48.0 4.84 0.05 41.0 4.64 0.10 0.20 153 1 24 2718.0 0.77 0.03 2668.0 0.73 0.06 0.04 158 1 1 5.0 9.76 0.16 2.0 10.08 0.23 -0.32 158 1 3 19.0 7.37 0.14 16.0 6.52 0.26 0.85 158 1 9 96.0 4.60 0.12 91.0 4.77 0.15 -0.17 158 1 11 148.0 4.48 0.11 142.0 4.36 0.12 0.12 158 1 12 233.0 3.94 0.11 226.0 4.10 0.12 -0.16 158 1 14 360.0 3.44 0.10 351.0 3.38 0.12 0.06 158 1 16 512.0 3.02 0.10 500.0 3.01 0.08 0.01 158 1 21 914.0 1.91 0.09 899.0 2.02 0.10 -0.11 158 1 26 2204.0 0.74 0.07 2166.0 0.80 0.08 -0.06 158 1 25 2222.0 0.69 0.07 2184.0 0.92 0.07 -0.23 159 2 13 100.0 4.38 0.10 98.0 4.11 0.12 0.27 159 2 15 307.0 4.09 0.10 302.0 3.83 0.10 0.26 160 1 3 102.0 4.54 0.10 101.0 4.99 0.19 -0.45 160 1 5 301.0 4.49 0.10 298.0 4.13 0.17 0.36 160 1 7 558.0 4.05 0.10 549.0 4.26 0.18 -0.21 160 1 11 1166.0 2.92 0.09 1148.0 2.41 0.12 0.51 160 1 16 1722.0 1.94 0.07 1695.0 1.99 0.09 -0.05 160 1 18 1924.0 1.77 0.08 1893.0 1.62 0.11 0.15 160 1 20 2097.0 2.45 0.08 2064.0 2.23 0.10 0.22 160 1 23 2316.0 2.39 0.08 2277.0 2.14 0.09 0.25 164 1 1 5.0 4.59 0.10 7.0 4.21 0.17 0.38 164 1 5 37.0 4.55 0.09 35.0 3.97 0.13 0.58 164 1 7 105.0 4.38 0.09 102.0 6.04 0.22 -1.66 164 1 10 506.0 3.40 0.09 498.0 3.08 0.09 0.32 164 1 24 2563.0 2.41 0.07 2521.0 1.58 0.09 0.83 165 1 1 9.0 4.56 0.09 10.0 4.61 0.18 -0.05 165 1 3 50.0 4.13 0.09 51.0 3.97 0.16 0.16 165 1 5 162.0 3.91 0.09 160.0 3.53 0.15 0.38 165 1 6 307.0 3.81 0.09 303.0 3.59 0.15 0.22 165 1 12 1066.0 2.98 0.08 1050.0 2.63 0.12 0.35 165 1 13 1272.0 2.73 0.08 1253.0 2.47 0.10 0.26 165 1 16 1828.0 1.94 0.07 1800.0 1.66 0.08 0.28 165 1 17 2031.0 1.53 0.06 1999.0 1.43 0.07 0.10 165 1 19 2436.0 1.67 0.06 2396.0 2.89 0.09 -1.22 165 1 20 2613.0 1.92 0.07 2569.0 3.02 0.11 -1.10 167 1 1 10.0 4.50 0.05 8.0 4.11 0.13 0.39 167 1 5 98.0 4.07 0.05 95.0 4.13 0.12 -0.06 167 1 9 560.0 3.75 0.05 551.0 3.77 0.11 -0.02 167 1 15 1623.0 2.06 0.04 1598.0 2.02 0.09 0.04 167 1 17 2031.0 1.49 0.03 1998.0 1.38 0.07 0.11 167 1 18 2133.0 2.11 0.04 2098.0 2.01 0.10 0.10 167 1 19 2194.0 3.38 0.05 2158.0 2.89 0.14 0.49 167 1 20 2247.0 4.04 0.05 2210.0 3.45 0.09 0.59 167 1 22 2299.0 3.32 0.09 2261.0 3.03 0.13 0.29 167 1 24 2354.0 3.02 0.04 2315.0 2.78 0.09 0.24 169 1 1 10.0 4.41 0.05 10.0 4.17 0.16 0.24 169 1 7 50.0 4.14 0.05 49.0 4.26 0.17 -0.12 169 1 8 98.0 4.05 0.05 96.0 3.99 0.16 0.06 169 1 10 244.0 3.98 0.05 241.0 3.97 0.16 0.01 169 1 16 979.0 3.58 0.05 965.0 3.24 0.11 0.34 169 1 24 1301.0 2.86 0.04 1281.0 2.50 0.12 0.36 170 1 9 5.0 17.26 0.10 2.0 16.32 0.55 0.94 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU 142 1 2 10.0 -9.00 11.0 4.39 0.12 2 142 1 3 26.0 -9.00 26.0 3.86 0.15 2 142 1 4 61.0 -9.00 60.0 4.13 0.16 2 142 1 5 91.0 -9.00 90.0 4.23 0.19 2 142 1 6 121.0 -9.00 120.0 4.14 0.16 2 142 1 7 152.0 -9.00 150.0 3.90 0.15 2 142 1 8 192.0 -9.00 189.0 3.81 0.14 2 142 1 9 242.0 -9.00 239.0 3.70 0.15 2 142 1 10 304.0 -9.00 299.0 4.21 0.17 2 142 1 11 356.0 -9.00 350.0 4.00 0.16 2 142 1 12 407.0 -9.00 401.0 3.98 0.16 2 142 1 13 459.0 -9.00 452.0 3.93 0.14 2 142 1 14 500.0 -9.00 492.0 3.91 0.16 2 142 1 15 550.0 -9.00 542.0 3.80 0.14 2 142 1 17 642.0 -9.00 631.0 3.36 0.14 2 142 1 18 685.0 -9.00 674.0 2.75 0.13 2 142 1 24 823.0 -9.00 809.0 1.58 0.08 2 143 4 1 9.0 -9.00 6.0 4.87 0.15 2 143 4 3 60.0 -9.00 55.0 4.05 0.11 2 143 4 4 90.0 -9.00 83.0 4.15 0.16 2 143 4 5 127.0 -9.00 118.0 4.96 0.15 2 143 4 7 199.0 -9.00 188.0 4.74 0.14 2 143 4 9 295.0 -9.00 283.0 4.17 0.14 2 143 4 11 435.0 -9.00 419.0 3.49 0.13 2 143 4 13 618.0 -9.00 600.0 2.46 0.10 2 143 4 18 1426.0 -9.00 1398.0 0.54 0.06 2 143 4 21 2646.0 -9.00 2597.0 0.59 0.07 2 143 4 22 3054.0 -9.00 2998.0 0.50 0.08 2 143 4 24 3916.0 -9.00 3838.0 0.31 0.07 2 144 2 2 600.0 -9.00 581.0 4.02 0.13 2 144 2 6 999.0 -9.00 976.0 1.90 0.08 2 145 5 2 39.0 -9.00 36.0 4.47 0.15 2 145 5 22 1091.0 -9.00 1072.0 3.13 0.09 2 145 5 24 1293.0 -9.00 1272.0 1.90 0.07 2 145 2 31 3002.0 -9.00 2946.0 0.37 0.06 2 145 2 29 3106.0 -9.00 3045.0 0.39 0.04 2 145 2 27 3207.0 -9.00 3145.0 0.25 0.07 2 146 1 4 101.0 -9.00 94.0 4.72 0.13 2 146 1 8 275.0 -9.00 262.0 4.09 0.11 2 146 1 10 401.0 -9.00 385.0 4.18 0.11 2 146 1 12 484.0 -9.00 467.0 3.20 0.10 2 146 1 14 608.0 -9.00 589.0 2.87 0.09 2 146 1 16 768.0 -9.00 748.0 1.99 0.09 2 146 1 18 969.0 -9.00 946.0 1.80 0.09 2 146 1 20 1328.0 -9.00 1301.0 0.77 0.06 2 146 1 32 2887.0 -9.00 2833.0 0.77 0.06 2 148 2 6 124.0 -9.00 120.0 3.06 0.11 2 148 2 8 185.0 -9.00 180.0 2.75 0.10 2 148 2 12 356.0 -9.00 350.0 2.25 0.08 2 148 2 14 507.0 -9.00 498.0 2.03 0.09 2 149 2 2 11.0 -9.00 7.0 6.09 0.17 2 149 2 36 1402.0 -9.00 1378.0 1.65 0.09 2 152 1 4 58.0 -9.00 56.0 4.43 0.11 2 152 1 6 134.0 -9.00 132.0 3.97 0.12 2 152 1 8 226.0 -9.00 222.0 4.33 0.11 2 152 1 10 327.0 -9.00 322.0 3.85 0.10 2 152 1 12 480.0 -9.00 471.0 2.96 0.09 2 152 1 14 662.0 -9.00 649.0 2.32 0.08 2 152 1 16 962.0 -9.00 946.0 1.50 0.07 2 152 1 18 1361.0 -9.00 1337.0 0.98 0.06 2 152 1 20 1949.0 -9.00 1914.0 0.60 0.05 2 152 1 22 2087.0 -9.00 2050.0 0.73 0.06 2 152 1 23 2365.0 -9.00 2321.0 0.62 0.06 2 153 1 1 6.0 -9.00 2.0 6.63 0.14 2 153 1 3 90.0 -9.00 81.0 4.47 0.12 2 153 1 5 265.0 -9.00 250.0 4.70 0.13 2 153 1 7 418.0 -9.00 400.0 4.07 0.11 2 153 1 9 620.0 -9.00 600.0 3.09 0.11 2 153 1 11 973.0 -9.00 950.0 1.54 0.07 2 153 1 12 1225.0 -9.00 1200.0 1.26 0.07 2 153 1 16 2138.0 -9.00 2099.0 0.64 0.05 2 153 1 19 2423.0 -9.00 2379.0 0.51 0.05 2 153 1 23 2687.0 -9.00 2637.0 0.46 0.26 2 156 1 4 49.0 -9.00 48.0 5.35 0.14 2 156 1 10 306.0 -9.00 301.0 4.62 0.14 2 156 1 11 407.0 -9.00 400.0 4.58 0.11 2 156 1 16 1018.0 -9.00 1001.0 1.95 0.09 2 156 1 17 1170.0 -9.00 1151.0 1.15 0.06 2 156 1 19 1456.0 -9.00 1431.0 0.60 0.07 2 158 1 4 22.0 -9.00 18.0 6.58 0.16 2 158 1 6 46.0 -9.00 42.0 5.70 0.16 2 158 1 13 284.0 -9.00 276.0 3.49 0.10 2 158 1 18 612.0 -9.00 602.0 2.70 0.09 2 158 1 19 713.0 -9.00 701.0 2.66 0.12 2 158 1 20 815.0 -9.00 801.0 2.17 0.10 2 158 1 36 1009.0 -9.00 992.0 1.87 0.08 2 158 1 34 1211.0 -9.00 1191.0 1.49 0.06 2 158 1 32 1617.0 -9.00 1590.0 0.95 0.05 2 158 1 29 2083.0 -9.00 2047.0 0.79 0.06 2 158 1 22 2231.0 -9.00 2193.0 0.71 0.05 2 159 2 1 5.0 -9.00 2.0 4.36 0.13 2 159 2 6 26.0 -9.00 22.0 4.51 0.13 2 159 2 12 50.0 -9.00 49.0 4.31 0.14 2 159 2 16 368.0 -9.00 362.0 3.06 0.14 2 160 1 2 52.0 -9.00 52.0 5.57 0.21 2 160 1 4 203.0 -9.00 199.0 4.15 0.16 2 160 1 6 399.0 -9.00 393.0 3.67 0.16 2 160 1 8 702.0 -9.00 689.0 3.83 0.16 2 160 1 9 861.0 -9.00 847.0 3.62 0.15 2 160 1 12 1318.0 -9.00 1298.0 2.44 0.12 2 160 1 14 1520.0 -9.00 1497.0 1.83 0.12 2 160 1 21 2179.0 -9.00 2145.0 1.59 0.10 2 164 1 3 30.0 -9.00 28.0 4.18 0.17 2 164 1 6 54.0 -9.00 52.0 5.62 0.22 2 164 1 9 357.0 -9.00 350.0 3.50 0.14 2 164 1 23 2405.0 -9.00 2365.0 1.42 0.07 2 165 1 2 34.0 -9.00 34.0 4.02 0.16 2 165 1 4 100.0 -9.00 99.0 3.72 0.15 2 165 1 8 510.0 -9.00 502.0 3.52 0.15 2 165 1 10 737.0 -9.00 725.0 3.65 0.13 2 165 1 15 1625.0 -9.00 1600.0 2.08 0.10 2 165 1 18 2233.0 -9.00 2197.0 1.44 0.09 2 167 1 2 30.0 -9.00 28.0 3.74 0.12 2 167 1 4 69.0 -9.00 67.0 3.87 0.12 2 167 1 6 205.0 -9.00 200.0 3.72 0.11 2 167 1 10 711.0 -9.00 700.0 3.61 0.10 2 167 1 12 1015.0 -9.00 999.0 2.81 0.11 2 167 1 14 1420.0 -9.00 1397.0 2.44 0.09 2 167 1 16 1827.0 -9.00 1798.0 1.48 0.07 2 167 1 21 2274.0 -9.00 2237.0 3.40 0.14 2 167 1 23 2332.0 -9.00 2294.0 2.77 0.08 2 Miami tritium has different depths from Whoi tritium on Station 165 STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR DEPTH TRITUM TRITER QF Miami 165 1 21 2237.0 1.300 0.070 2 165 1 22 2261.0 1.790 0.090 2 165 1 23 2294.0 2.020 0.070 2 165 1 24 2315.0 3.130 0.130 2 CTDPRS Whoi 165 1 21 2711.0 -9.00 -9.00 9 165 1 22 2806.0 -9.00 -9.00 9 165 1 23 2871.0 -9.00 -9.00 9 165 1 24 2890.0 -9.00 -9.00 9 ~ CTDPRS DEPTH ODF 165 1 21 2708 2665 Reprt 165 1 22 2803 2759 165 1 23 2867 2821 165 1 24 2887 2841 Original Miami data for Station 165: 63150N032130W810812 165 1 165 101 10 10221 34809 26765 4610 180 3 165 102 34 8370 34908 27146 4020 160 3 165 103 51 6488 34935 27438 3970 160 3 165 104 99 5445 34984 27610 3720 150 3 165 105 160 5220 34996 27646 3530 150 3 165 106 303 4382 34939 27697 3590 150 3 165 108 502 3828 34895 27721 3520 150 3 165 110 725 3592 34879 27732 3650 130 3 165 112 1050 3507 34895 27753 2630 120 3 165 113 1253 3463 34910 27769 2470 100 3 165 115 1600 3352 34925 27792 2080 100 3 165 116 1800 3317 34937 27805 1660 80 3 165 117 1999 3188 34950 27828 1430 70 3 165 118 2197 3027 34948 27841 1440 90 3 165 121 2237 977 34853 27929 1300 70 3 165 122 2261 804 34871 27955 1790 90 3 165 123 2294 240 34880 27996 2020 70 3 165 124 2315 226 34881 27998 3130 130 3 165 119 2396 2834 34944 27856 2890 90 3 165 120 2569 2556 34928 27868 3020 110 3 Deleted Miami tritium for Station 165 Cast 1 Bottles: 21, 22, 23 & 24 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD3.csv.gz ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD4.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 144 2 3767 149 2 3256 153 1 2714 163 1 1787 168 1 1935 NODC CTD data have no values for negative temperatures. NODC negative temps shown as ---.--- Stations with negative temps this leg are 142, 143, 145_2, 145_5, 146, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 and 159. CTD data for these stations were obtained from Sarilee Anderson (PORD/SIO) on Oct 18, 2006, in a file named tto_nas.ctd. Positive temperature data appear to be the same on both NODC and Anderson files. The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data available. 9- track tapes unreadable. CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 6 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-02-10 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS notes for Leg6: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 173 1 1 15.0 5.22 0.12 13.0 4.27 0.14 0.95 173 1 5 195.0 4.32 0.11 192.0 3.94 0.13 0.38 173 1 9 570.0 3.97 0.10 561.0 4.12 0.17 -0.15 173 1 12 963.0 3.94 0.10 948.0 3.43 0.11 0.51 173 1 14 1065.0 4.16 0.10 1049.0 3.32 0.14 0.84 173 1 20 1701.0 2.26 0.08 1675.0 2.02 0.11 0.24 179 1 1 13.0 4.63 0.05 11.0 4.61 0.15 0.02 179 1 6 409.0 4.35 0.05 403.0 4.03 0.10 0.32 179 1 12 1205.0 2.93 0.04 1186.0 2.62 0.10 0.31 179 1 19 2719.0 2.96 0.04 2673.0 2.85 0.09 0.11 179 1 24 2966.0 3.38 0.05 2915.0 2.89 0.10 0.49 181 1 15 1678.0 2.36 0.04 1651.0 2.05 0.10 0.31 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU 173 1 6 286.0 -9.00 282.0 3.94 0.13 2 173 1 11 813.0 -9.00 800.0 3.53 0.15 2 173 1 16 1166.0 -9.00 1148.0 3.78 0.10 2 173 1 21 1901.0 -9.00 1872.0 1.77 0.09 2 181 1 10 810.0 -9.00 796.0 3.33 0.14 2 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD4.csv.gz ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD5.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 183 1 1951 184 1 1644 189 3 3006 198 1 1429 211 2 4700 212 1 3622 NODC CTD data have no values for negative temperatures. NODC negative temps shown as ---.--- Stations with negative temps this leg are 199, 200 and 219. CTD data for these stations were obtained from Sarilee Anderson (PORD/SIO) on Oct 18, 2006, in a file named tto_nas.ctd. Positive temperature data appear to be the same on both NODC and Anderson files. The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data available. 9-track tapes unreadable. CCHDO DATA PRCESSING NOTES, LEG 7 ONLY: Date Contact Data Type Summary ---------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------------------- 2006-12-05 Muus, Dave CTD/BTL/SUM From CDIAC Website NAS Leg 7 notes: Original bottle data from CDIAC website Feb 10, 2006. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/datmet.html TTO_1981_recalc_DIC_ALK.csv Contains pressure, temperature, salinity, nutrients, alkalinity and total carbon. No machine readable data available from SIO/ODF. Helium tritium merge file: nas_he3-tu.orig.Z from WHOI P.I.: W.J. Jenkins Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Tritium merge file: nas1-7.c14.orig.Z Believed to be from Univ. of Miami; P.I.: H.G Ostlund Received from J.L.Reid office Jan 19, 2006. Note with data says: "TU in old scale at time of sampling" Tritium samples taken by both WHOI and U. of Miami. WHOI values used if available. U. of Miami values used if WHOI values not available. If both WHOI and U. of Miami tritium values available for the same sample the WHOI value is flagged "6" and the U. of Miami value is shown on the following list: STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM TRITER DEPTH TRITUM TRITER W-M Tr DBAR W TU W TU M MoldTU MoldTU diffTU 224 1 1 8.0 12.68 0.19 10.0 11.25 0.26 1.43 224 1 2 33.0 10.52 0.07 31.0 9.74 0.24 0.78 224 1 6 228.0 4.79 0.13 226.0 4.21 0.17 0.58 224 1 8 403.0 4.47 0.13 401.0 4.11 0.11 0.36 224 1 13 1202.0 3.28 0.11 1190.0 2.90 0.10 0.38 224 1 14 1411.0 2.94 0.10 1396.0 2.56 0.08 0.38 224 1 17 2019.0 2.07 0.04 1995.0 1.87 0.09 0.20 224 1 18 2267.0 2.00 0.09 2238.0 1.52 0.07 0.48 225 3 1 15.0 12.34 0.18 10.0 9.53 0.23 2.81 225 3 2 39.0 11.53 0.17 34.0 9.58 0.24 1.95 225 3 4 107.0 6.91 0.14 102.0 5.86 0.14 1.05 225 3 6 305.0 5.25 0.13 300.0 4.38 0.12 0.87 225 3 7 407.0 3.62 0.11 401.0 3.07 0.11 0.55 225 3 9 758.0 3.64 0.04 748.0 3.25 0.10 0.39 225 3 10 1008.0 3.23 0.04 994.0 3.03 0.09 0.20 225 3 11 1257.0 2.63 0.04 1241.0 2.56 0.10 0.07 225 3 12 1510.0 1.86 0.03 1490.0 1.51 0.07 0.35 225 3 13 1763.0 2.00 0.09 1739.0 1.72 0.08 0.28 225 3 14 2012.0 1.38 0.08 1984.0 1.29 0.06 0.09 225 3 15 2265.0 1.33 0.08 2233.0 1.24 0.06 0.09 225 3 16 2520.0 1.67 0.09 2483.0 1.66 0.07 0.01 225 3 17 2777.0 1.26 0.08 2735.0 1.17 0.07 0.09 225 3 18 3035.0 1.27 0.08 2987.0 0.97 0.06 0.30 225 3 19 3292.0 1.30 0.08 3239.0 1.23 0.07 0.07 225 3 20 3550.0 1.32 0.08 3490.0 1.21 0.08 0.11 225 3 21 3805.0 1.62 0.09 3739.0 1.56 0.07 0.06 225 3 22 4053.0 2.36 0.10 3979.0 1.65 0.07 0.71 225 3 23 4190.0 2.62 0.10 4114.0 2.13 0.09 0.49 225 3 24 4286.0 3.20 0.11 4207.0 2.64 0.08 0.56 228 3 2 55.0 3.82 0.04 52.0 3.43 0.11 0.39 228 3 3 153.0 3.52 0.04 150.0 3.29 0.11 0.23 228 3 5 304.0 3.89 0.13 301.0 3.66 0.12 0.23 228 3 6 503.0 3.62 0.04 499.0 3.18 0.11 0.44 228 3 8 802.0 1.54 0.09 795.0 1.54 0.10 0.00 228 3 9 903.0 2.28 0.03 895.0 2.10 0.10 0.18 228 3 14 1584.0 2.53 0.04 1567.0 2.31 0.12 0.22 228 3 16 2191.0 1.15 0.03 2164.0 0.78 0.06 0.37 228 3 20 3352.0 0.44 0.07 3302.0 0.42 0.05 0.02 228 3 21 3749.0 0.44 0.07 3690.0 0.34 0.06 0.10 228 3 23 4711.0 0.98 0.08 4625.0 0.79 0.07 0.19 233 1 1 6.0 3.66 0.04 6.0 3.42 0.12 0.24 233 1 7 497.0 3.62 0.04 493.0 3.07 0.11 0.55 233 1 9 698.0 2.29 0.03 692.0 1.87 0.09 0.42 233 1 11 901.0 1.30 0.03 893.0 1.03 0.07 0.27 233 1 13 1098.0 1.00 0.02 1088.0 0.90 0.07 0.10 233 1 15 1391.0 1.46 0.03 1378.0 1.29 0.06 0.17 233 1 19 2002.0 0.29 0.02 1980.0 0.26 0.04 0.03 233 1 21 2407.0 0.18 0.02 2378.0 0.16 0.06 0.02 233 1 23 2810.0 0.11 0.02 2774.0 0.10 0.04 0.01 233 1 25 3205.0 0.16 0.02 3160.0 0.09 0.05 0.07 233 1 27 3611.0 0.17 0.02 3557.0 0.04 0.05 0.13 233 1 29 4016.0 0.09 0.01 3952.0 0.06 0.05 0.03 233 1 33 4940.0 0.31 0.02 4852.0 0.00 0.06 0.31 233 1 35 5149.0 0.08 0.01 5054.0 0.16 0.07 -0.08 234 2 8 1250.0 1.19 0.03 1238.0 1.06 0.08 0.13 234 2 24 5462.0 0.04 0.02 5361.0 0.00 0.05 0.04 235 2 3 148.0 3.61 0.04 145.0 3.34 0.11 0.27 235 2 8 699.0 2.76 0.03 695.0 2.60 0.10 0.16 235 2 10 1250.0 0.53 0.02 1239.0 0.47 0.07 0.06 241 2 3 153.0 3.56 0.04 150.0 3.19 0.11 0.37 241 2 22 5282.0 0.46 0.02 5183.0 0.35 0.06 0.11 241 2 24 5543.0 0.34 0.02 5436.0 0.38 0.05 -0.04 243 2 1 15.0 5.19 0.05 11.0 4.75 0.15 0.44 243 2 3 232.0 1.87 0.03 228.0 2.09 0.09 -0.22 243 2 4 406.0 1.23 0.03 402.0 1.18 0.08 0.05 243 2 5 606.0 1.48 0.03 600.0 1.48 0.08 0.00 243 2 17 3693.0 0.33 0.02 3634.0 0.28 0.05 0.05 List of U. of Miami tritium values where no WHOI value available: *****WHOI***** ********MIAMI********* STNNBR CASTNO BTLNBR CTDPRS TRITUM DEPTH TRITUM TRITER Q1 DBAR TU M old TU old TU 225 3 5 206.0 -9.00 201.0 5.37 0.15 2 225 3 8 508.0 -9.00 500.0 2.91 0.11 2 228 3 10 947.0 -9.00 938.0 2.15 0.08 2 228 3 24 4955.0 -9.00 4862.0 1.22 0.06 2 233 1 2 56.0 -9.00 54.0 3.55 0.12 2 233 1 4 197.0 -9.00 194.0 3.17 0.11 2 233 1 6 398.0 -9.00 395.0 3.22 0.11 2 233 1 16 1543.0 -9.00 1527.0 1.10 0.06 2 233 1 17 1697.0 -9.00 1679.0 1.07 0.06 2 233 1 18 1851.0 -9.00 1830.0 0.34 0.06 2 233 1 20 2204.0 -9.00 2178.0 0.15 0.05 2 233 1 26 3407.0 -9.00 3358.0 0.07 0.04 2 233 1 30 4271.0 -9.00 4200.0 0.01 0.05 2 233 1 31 4527.0 -9.00 4451.0 0.26 0.05 2 233 1 32 4785.0 -9.00 4701.0 0.08 0.05 2 233 1 36 5289.0 -9.00 5191.0 0.06 0.05 2 234 2 9 1351.0 -9.00 1339.0 0.50 0.05 2 234 2 17 3232.0 -9.00 3188.0 0.02 0.06 2 235 2 2 69.0 -9.00 66.0 2.85 0.08 2 235 2 4 198.0 -9.00 195.0 3.26 0.11 2 235 2 11 1372.0 -9.00 1358.0 0.47 0.06 2 235 2 12 1487.0 -9.00 1474.0 0.32 0.05 2 235 2 13 1705.0 -9.00 1688.0 0.19 0.05 2 235 2 14 2054.0 -9.00 2033.0 0.10 0.05 2 235 2 16 2622.0 -9.00 2591.0 0.00 0.04 2 235 2 19 3716.0 -9.00 3662.0 -0.08 0.05 2 235 2 20 4072.0 -9.00 4011.0 0.02 0.04 2 235 2 21 4643.0 -9.00 4566.0 0.20 0.04 2 235 2 23 5229.0 -9.00 5135.0 0.25 0.06 2 241 2 15 2801.0 -9.00 2764.0 0.19 0.06 2 241 2 16 3254.0 -9.00 3207.0 0.16 0.05 2 241 2 18 3854.0 -9.00 3794.0 0.39 0.06 2 243 2 2 106.0 -9.00 101.0 4.61 0.17 2 243 2 16 3205.0 -9.00 3159.0 0.27 0.06 2 243 2 19 4224.0 -9.00 4152.0 0.36 0.09 2 243 2 24 5180.0 -9.00 5081.0 0.48 0.05 2 247 1 1 10.0 -9.00 9.0 12.43 0.24 2 247 1 2 224.0 -9.00 222.0 3.16 0.12 2 247 1 4 503.0 -9.00 499.0 2.18 0.10 2 247 1 6 805.0 -9.00 798.0 2.43 0.10 2 247 1 8 1194.0 -9.00 1183.0 1.78 0.08 2 247 1 10 1612.0 -9.00 1594.0 0.51 0.06 2 247 1 11 1816.0 -9.00 1795.0 0.80 0.06 2 247 1 13 2259.0 -9.00 2231.0 0.66 0.06 2 Original CTD data from NODC Mar 8, 2006 ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD5.csv.gz ocldb1141845224.17339.CTD6.csv.gz No CTD data for following casts: Station Cast Max Press 220 1 89 230 3 5231 239 1 4730 246 3 4008 The data originator (ODF/SIO) has no ctd data available. 9-track tapes unreadable.