TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8 OR 16 AND USE YOUR BACK BUTTON TO RE-LOAD PRELIMINARY CRUISE REPORT: P18_2007 (Updated MAY 2011) A. HIGHLIGHTS A.1. CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION WOCE section P18 Expedition designation 33RO20071215 Chief Scientists Dr. John L. Bullister/PMEL Leg 1 Dr. Gregory C. Johnson/PMEL Leg 2 Co-Chief Scientists Dr. Dong-Ha Min/UT Leg 1 Dr. Alejandro Orsi/TAMU Leg 2 Dates 15 DEC 2007 to 18 JAN 2008 Leg 1 21 JAN 2008 to 23 FEB 2008 Leg 2 Ship R/V RONALD H. BROWN Ports of call San Diego, CA - Easter Island, Chile Leg 1 Easter Island - Punta Arenas, Chile Leg 2 24° 27.56" N Geographic boundaries 112° 54.39" W 102° 32.47" W 69° 26.63" S Stations 174 Floats and drifters deployed 24 ARGO floats, 17 SVP drifters deployed Moorings deployed or recovered 8 TAO Buoy Sites Visited Chief Scientists: DR. JOHN L. BULLISTER DR. GREGORY C. JOHNSON Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA-PMEL) 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. • Seattle, WA 98115 • USA Tel: 206-526-6741 Tel: 206-526-6806 Fax: 206-526-6744 Fax: 206-526-6744 John.L.Bullister@noaa.gov Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov DR. DONG-HA MIN The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373-5015 Tel: 361-749-6743 • Fax: 361-749-6777 • dongha@mail.utexas.edu DR. ALEJANDRO ORSI Texas A&M University • Room 616 • Oceanography and Meteorology Tel: (979) 845-4014 • Fax: (979) 847-8879 • Email: aorsi@tamu.edu Data Submitted by: Mary Carol Johnson Shipboard Technical Support/Oceanographic Data Facility Scripps Institution of Oceanography/UC San Diego La Jolla, Ca. 92093-0214 SUMMARY A hydrographic survey (CLIVAR/Carbon P18) was carried out on the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown from December 2007 through February 2008 in the eastern Pacific. Most of the survey work was a repeat of a 1994 occupation of a meridional section nominally along 110 - 103 deg. W (WOCE P18). Two stations along a 1992 section along 67 deg. S west of 103 deg. W (WOCE S4P) were also taken towards the end of the cruise. Operations included CTD/LADCP/Rosette casts and radiometer casts. Underway data collected included upper-ocean currents from the shipboard ADCP, surface oceanographic and meteorological parameters from the ship's underway systems, and bathymetry data. Ancillary operations included surface drifter deployments, Argo float deployments, and XBT drops. NDBC TAO buoy servicing was also performed during the first leg of the cruise. After an 8-day delay, NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown departed San Diego, CA on 15 December 2007 at 0215 UTC. The ship anchored off Easter Island, Chile from 18-21 January 2008 for a personnel change and short break between leg 1 and leg 2. CLIVAR/Carbon P18 ended in Punta Arenas, Chile on 23 February 2008. A total of 174 stations and 7 TAO Buoy sites were occupied during P18. 179 CTD/LADCP/Rosette casts (including 2 Test casts, 2 TAO calibration casts and 2 casts at station 98: the first to end leg 1 and the second to start leg 2) plus 54 radiometer casts were made. 24 ARGO floats were deployed, 17 SVP drifters were deployed, and approximately 82 XBTs were dropped. CTD data, LADCP data and water samples (up to 36) were collected on most Rosette casts, in most cases to within 10-20 meters of the bottom. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient samples were analyzed for up to 36 water samples from each cast of the principal CTD/LADCP/Rosette program. Water samples were also measured for CFCs, pCO2, Total CO2 (DIC), Total Alkalinity, pH, CDOM and Chlorophyll a. Additional samples were collected for 3He, Tritium, 13C/14C, 32Si, Millero Density, ONAR, DOC, DON, POC, and CDOM2C/CDOM3C. Introduction A sea-going science team gathered from multiple oceanographic institutions participated on the cruise. Several other science programs were supported with no dedicated cruise participant. The science team and their responsibilities are listed below. PRINCIPAL PROGRAMS OF CLIVAR/CARBON P18 Analysis Institution Principal Investigator email ---------------------------------- --------------- ---------------------- -------------------------- CTDO/Salinity NOAA/PMEL Gregory C. Johnson Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov NOAA/AOML Molly Baringer Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov Data Management UCSD/SIO James H. Swift jswift@ucsd.edu Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) NOAA/PMEL John Bullister John.L.Bullister@noaa.gov UWashington Mark Warner warner@u.washington.edu 3He/Tritium LDEO Peter Schlosser peters@ldeo.columbia.edu O2 NOAA/AOML Chris Langdon clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu Total CO2(DIC)/pCO2 NOAA/PMEL Richard Feely Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov NOAA/AOML Rik Wanninkhof Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov Total Alkalinity/pH/Density UMiami Frank Millero fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu Nutrients NOAA/PMEL Calvin Mordy Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov NOAA/AOML Jia-Zhong Zhang Jia-Zhong.Zhang@noaa.gov CDOM/POC/Chlor.a UCSB Craig Carlson carlson@lifesci.ucsb.edu 13C/14C UWashington Paul Quay pdquay@u.washington.edu DOC UMiami Dennis Hansell dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu DON UMass Mark Altabet maltabet@umassd.edu Noble Gases (ONAR) UWashington Steve Emerson emerson@u.washington.edu 30Si/28Si IGMR/ETH Zurich Ben Reynolds reynolds@erdw.ethz.ch Transmissometer TAMU Wilf Gardner wgardner@ocean.tamu.edu Lowered ADCP LDEO Andreas Thurnherr ant@ldeo.columbia.edu Shipboard ADCP UHawaii Eric Firing efiring@hawaii.edu TAO Servicing NOAA/NDBC Lex LeBlanc Lex.LeBlanc@noaa.gov Argo Float deployments & XBT drops NOAA/PMEL Gregory C. Johnson Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov Drifter Deployment NOAA/AOML Shaun Dolk Shaun.Dolk@noaa.gov Underway surface ocean, NOAA Ship personnel meteorological and bathymetry data SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL CLIVAR/CARBON P18 P18 Leg 1 Scientific Personnel DUTIES NAME AFFILIATION EMAIL ------------------ -------------------- ----------- ----------------------------- Chief Scientist John L. Bullister PMEL John.L.Bullister@noaa.gov Co-Chief Scientist Dong-Ha Min UTexas min@utmsi.utexas.edu Grad Student Christian Brise~o LSU cbrise1@lsu.edu Grad Student Hristina Hristova MIT/WHOI hhristova@whoi.edu Grad Student Lindsey Visser TAMU lvisser@ocean.tamu.edu TAO Mooring James Rauch NDBC James.Rauch@noaa.gov TAO Mooring William Thompson NDBC William.Thompson@noaa.gov Chief Survey Tech. Jonathan Shannahoff NOAA Deck/Salinity Carlos Fonseca AOML Carlos.Fonseca@noaa.gov ET/LADCP/Salinity Pedro Pe~a AOML Pedro.Pena@noaa.gov CTD Kristy McTaggart PMEL Kristene.E.Mctaggart@noaa.gov LADCP Cheng Ho LDEO ho@ldeo.columbia.edu Data Manager Mary C. Johnson SIO/STS/ODF mary@odf.ucsd.edu CFC David Wisegarver PMEL David.Wisegarver@noaa.gov CFC Robert Letscher UMiami rletscher@rsmas.miami.edu He-3/Tritium Kevin Cahill WHOI kcahill@whoi.edu Oxygen George Berberian AOML George.Berberian@noaa.gov Oxygen Charles Featherstone AOML Charles.Featherstone@noaa.gov pCO2 Bob Castle AOML Robert.Castle@noaa.gov DIC Simone Alin PMEL Simone.R.Alin@noaa.gov DIC Dana Greeley PMEL Dana.Greeley@noaa.gov Alkalinity Nancy Williams UMiami n.williams6@umiami.edu Alkalinity Gabriele Lando UMiami g.lando@tin.it pH Remy Okazaki UMiami rokazaki@rsmas.miami.edu pH Andres Suarez UNAL afsuareze@unal.edu.co DOC/15N/18O Stacy Brown UMiami mcstacmcspace@yahoo.com Nutrients Charles Fischer AOML Charles.Fischer@noaa.gov Nutrients Erik Quiroz TAMU erik@gerg.tamu.edu CDOM/POC/Chl.a Mary-Margaret Murphy UCSB mmkm03220@yahoo.com CDOM/POC/Chl.a Sam Schick UCSB samtschick@gmail.com P18 Leg 2 Scientific Personnel DUTIES NAME AFFILIATION EMAIL ------------------ ------------------------- --------------- ---------------------------------- Chief Scientist Gregory C. Johnson NOAA/PMEL Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov Co-Chief Scientist Alejandro Orsi TAMU aorsi@neo.tamu.edu Grad Student Chrissy Wiederwohl TAMU chrissy@ocean.tamu.edu Grad Student Amoreena MacFadyen UWash amoreena@u.washington.edu Chief Survey Tech. Jonathan Shannahoff NOAA Deck/Salinity Andrew Stefanick NOAA/AOML Andrew.Stefanick@noaa.gov ET/LADCP/Salinity Kyle Seaton NOAA/AOML Kyle.Seaton@noaa.gov CTD Kristene McTaggart NOAA/PMEL Kristene.E.McTaggart@noaa.gov CTD Sarah Purkey NOAA/PMEL Sarah.Purkey@noaa.gov LADCP Christof Thurnherr LDEO cthurnherr@mydiax.ch Data Manager Mary C. Johnson SIO/STS/ODF mary@odf.ucsd.edu CFC Nathaniel Nutter UWash nnutter@u.washington.edu CFC Nicholas Beaird UWash nlbeaird@u.washington.edu He-3/Tritium Anthony Dachille LDEO dachille@ldeo.columbia.edu Oxygen George Berberian NOAA/AOML George.Berberian@noaa.gov Oxygen Chris Langdon UMiami clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu ONAR/14C/13C Laurie Juranek UWash juranek@ocean.washington.edu pCO2 Christopher Kuchinke UMiami kuchinke@server.physics.miami.edu DIC David Wisegarver NOAA/PMEL David.Wisegarver@noaa.gov DIC Sylvia Musielewicz NOAA/PMEL Sylvia.Musielewicz@noaa.gov Alkalinity Cynthia A. Moore UMiami cmoore@rsmas.miami.edu Alkalinity Ryan J. Woosley UMiami rwoosley@rsmas.miami.edu pH Mareva Chanson UMiami mchanson@rsmas.miami.edu pH Jason F. Waters UMiami jwaters@rsmas.miami.edu DOC/15N/18O Charles Farmer UMiami cfarmer@rsmas.miami.edu Nutrients Calvin Mordy Genwest Systems Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov Nutrients Natchanon Amornthammarong NOAA/AOML Natchanon.Amornthammarong@noaa.gov CDOM/POC/Chl.a David Menzies UCSB davem@icess.ucsb.edu CDOM/POC/Chl.a Mary-Margaret Murphy UCSB mmkm03220@yahoo.com Observer/Chile Nadin Ramirez nadinc@gmail.com DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 1. CTD/HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS PROGRAM The basic CTD/hydrographic measurements consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient measurements made from water samples taken on rosette casts; plus pressure, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, transmissometer, and fluorometer profiles collected from the CTD. A total of 179 CTD/rosette casts were made, usually to within 10-20m of the bottom. Problems encountered are described later in this documentation. The distribution of samples is illustrated in figures 1.0-1.3. Figure 1.0 Sample distribution, stations 1-54. Figure 1.1 Sample distribution, stations 54-98/1. Figure 1.2 Sample distribution, stations 98/2-137. Figure 1.3 Sample distribution, stations 137-185. 1.1. Navigation and Bathymetry Data Acquisition Navigation data were acquired at 2-second intervals from the ship's P-Code GPS receiver by a Linux system beginning December 15. Bathymetric data were logged from the ship's 3.5kHz ODEC Bathy 2000 echosounder beginning 22 December 2007 at 2030 UTC. The echosounder was turned off during casts, and cast pinger-return data was recorded instead of bottom depth. It was usually turned back on between casts. Raw Seabeam data were also logged from 22 December, but not otherwise processed. Seabeam centerbeam depths were displayed continuously, and data were manually recorded at cast start/bottom/end on CTD Cast Logs. Both the Seabeam and Bathy 2000 transducers were located on the hull of the ship, at approximately 5.8m depth. Ship's Seabeam data recorded during CTD casts were already corrected for transducer depth, but used 1500m/sec sound velocity to determine depth. The manually recorded Seabeam depths were Carter-table corrected via software using actual latitude and longitude before reporting in data files. Etopo2 bathymetry data were merged with navigation time-series data after each cast and used for bottle sections shown earlier in this report. 1.2. Underwater Electronics Packages The SBE9plus CTDs were connected to SBE32 carousels (24-place for CTD 209, 36-place for CTD 315), providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Within the 0.322 sea cable, two conducting wires were soldered together as positive and the third conducting wire was used as negative. The sea cable armor was not used for ground (return). Power to the CTDs and sensors, carousels and altimeters was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the main lab. CTD data were collected with a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE9plus CTD (PMEL #209 or #315). The CTDs supplied a standard SBE-format data stream at a data rate of 24 Hz. These instruments provided pressure, dual temperature (SBE3plus), dual conductivity (SBE4), dissolved oxygen (SBE43), load cell (PMEL) and altimeter (Benthos or Simrad 807) channels. The 36-place system (CTD 315) also provided fluorometer (Wetlabs CDOM) and transmissometer (Wetlabs CStar) channels. An LADCP (RDI) was mounted on the rosette frames and collected data independently. Table 1.2.0 P18 24-Place Rosette/CTD #209 Configuration. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Manufacturer/Model Serial No. Stations Used ----------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------- Sea-Bird SBE32 24-place Carousel 471 Water Sampler Sea-Bird SBE11plus Deck Unit 367 Sea-Bird SBE9plus CTD PMEL #209 998, 1-14, 19-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51-53, 134-143, 154-174 ----------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------- Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure Sensor 209-53586 Primary Sea-Bird Sensors: SBE3plus Temperature Sensor (T1) 03P-4211 SBE4C Conductivity Sensor (C1) 04-2887 SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor 43-0315 SBE5 Pump 3438 998, 1-14 SBE5 Pump 819 19-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51 SBE5 Pump 1114(RB) 52-53, 134-143, 154-174 Secondary Sea-Bird Sensors: SBE3_02/F Temperature Sensor (T2) 03-1455 SBE4C Conductivity Sensor (C2) 04-2882 SBE5 Pump 819 998, 1-14 SBE5 Pump 3481 19 SBE5 Pump 2631 20-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51-53, 134-143, 154-174 Wetlabs CDOM Fluorometer [V] FLCDRTD-428 154-174 Benthos Altimeter 1034 998, 1-9 Benthos Altimeter 1035 19 Simrad 807 Altimeter 98110 20-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51-53, 134-143, 154-174 PMEL Load Cell 8756 ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- 7280 1-14, 19-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51-53 (Master) RDI LADCP 754 1-14, 19-21, 29/1, 30-31, 51-53 (Slave), 154-174 (Master) Benthos Pinger 1006 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.2.1 P18 36-Place Rosette/CTD #315 Configuration. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Manufacturer/Model Serial No. Stations Used ---------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------------------ Sea-Bird SBE32 36-place Carousel 431 Water Sampler Sea-Bird SBE11plus Deck Unit 367 all but sta.49 Sea-Bird SBE11plus Deck Unit 314 sta.49 only Sea-Bird SBE9plus CTD 0315 15-18, 22-28, 29/2, 32-50, 54-57, 997, 58-98/1, 996, 98/2-133, 144-153 ---------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------------------ Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure 315-53960 Primary Sea-Bird Sensors: SBE3plus Temperature (T1) 03P-4341 SBE4C Conductivity (C1) 04-3157 SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen 43-0664 SBE5 Pump 3956 Secondary Sea-Bird Sensors: SBE3plus Temperature (T2) 03P-4335 SBE4C Conductivity (C2A) 04-3068 through 66 + 997 SBE4C Conductivity (C2B) 04-1467 67-133, 144-153 + 996 SBE5 Pump 3481 15-16 SBE5 Pump 3438 17-133, 144-153 + 996 Wetlabs CDOM Fluorometer [V] FLCDRTD-428 Wetlabs CStar Transmissometer CST-507DR Simrad 807 Altimeter 98110 Load Cell 1109 ---------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------------------ 7280 15-18, 22-28, 29/2, 32-50, 54-88 (Master); 93-133, 144-153 (Slave) RDI LADCP 754 15-18, 22-28, 29/2, 32-50, 54-88 (Master); 89-133, 144-153 (Master) 150 89-91 (Slave) Benthos Pinger 1134 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.2.2 P18 Micro Profile Radiometer Casts _______________________________________________________ Manufacturer/Model Serial No. ----------------------------------------- ---------- Satlantic Micro-Profiler II 069 WetLabs ECO-FLNTU Chlorophyll Fluorometer 087 _______________________________________________________ Each CTD was outfitted with dual pumps. Primary temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were plumbed into one pump circuit; and secondary temperature and conductivity into the other. The sensors were deployed vertically. The primary temperature and conductivity sensors were used for reported CTD temperatures and salinities on all casts except 30, 31 and 51 (primary pump problems) and 39 (severe bio-fouling of primary sensors). The secondary temperature and conductivity sensors were used as calibration checks. 1.3. Water Sampling Package CTD 315 rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 36-bottle rosette frame (PMEL), a 36-place carousel (SBE32) and 36 12-liter Bullister bottles (PMEL). The CTD 209 rosette package consisted of a 24-bottle rosette frame (PMEL), a 24-place carousel (SBE32) and 24 11-liter Bullister bottles (PMEL). Underwater electronic components are listed in the previous section. The CTD was mounted vertically in an SBE CTD frame attached to a plate welded in the center of the rosette frame, under the pylon. The SBE4 conductivity and SBE3plus temperature sensors and their respective pumps were mounted vertically as recommended by SBE. Pump exhausts were attached to inside corners of the CTD cage and directed downward level with the intake ports. The transmissometer was mounted horizontally and the fluorometer vertically, attached to a rigid fiberglass screen that did not impede water flow. The altimeter was mounted on the interior side of the screen. The RDI LADCP was mounted vertically on one side of the 36-place frame between the bottles and the CTD. Its battery pack was located on the opposite side of the frame, mounted on the bottom of the frame. During leg 1, the LADCP was mounted on the outside of the 24-place frame. On leg 2, the LADCP "outrigger" cage was removed and the LADCP was not mounted on the 24-place frame during the first series of 10 casts with the smaller frame (stations 134-143). Beginning with station 154, the fluorometer and LADCP were both mounted inside the 24-place frame. The LADCP was mounted with only the downward-facing heads installed, in order to keep all 24 Niskin bottles on the frame. The NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown Aft Markey winch was used for stations 1-14 (24-place rosette casts) and all 36-place rosette casts. The Forward Markey winch was used for 24-place rosette casts at stations 19-21, 29/1 and 30-31. The 24-place rosette was switched back to the Aft winch for stations 51-53 in order to troubleshoot problems with the 36-place system. The Forward winch was used again during leg 2 for two series of casts with the 24-place rosette, from stations 134-143 and again from station 154 to the end of the leg. The rosette systems were suspended from one of two UNOLS-standard three- conductor 0.322" electro-mechanical sea cables. Several reterminations were made during the cruise, prior to stations 20 (Fwd), 29/2 (Aft) and 32 (Aft). The deck watch prepared the rosette 10-20 minutes prior to each cast. The bottles were cocked and all valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation. The CTD was powered-up after arriving on station (or 10 min prior to arriving on southern stations). The data acquisition system in the computer lab started when directed by the deck watch leader. The rosette was unstrapped from its tiedown location on deck. The pinger was activated and syringes were removed from the CTD intake ports. The winch operator was directed by the deck watch leader to raise the package, the boom and rosette were extended outboard and the package quickly lowered into the water. The package was lowered to 10 meters, by which time the sensor pumps had turned on. After 1-2 minutes, the winch operator was then directed to bring the package back to the surface (0 m. winch wireout) and to begin the descent. Each rosette cast was lowered to within 10-20 meters of the bottom, using both the pinger and/or altimeter to determine distance. The winch operator was directed to stop the winch at each bottle trip depth during the up-cast. The CTD console operator waited 30 seconds before tripping a bottle to insure the package wake had dissipated and the bottles were flushed, then an additional 10 seconds after bottle closure to insure that stable CTD comparison data had been acquired. Once a bottle had been closed, the winch operator was directed to haul in the package to the next bottle stop. Three sampling plans were used in rotation to choose standard sampling depths on each station throughout CLIVAR/Carbon P18. Recovering the package at the end of the deployment was essentially the reverse of launching, with the additional use of poles to grab the rosette. The rosette was secured on deck under the block for sampling, except during a few stations in the Southern Ocean, when the rosette was brought into the staging bay. The bottles and rosette were examined before samples were taken, and anything unusual was noted on the sample log. Each bottle on the rosette had a unique serial number. This bottle identification was maintained independently of the bottle position on the rosette, which was used for sample identification. No bottles were replaced on this cruise, but various parts of bottles were occasionally changed or repaired. Routine CTD maintenance included rinsing the conductivity and DO sensors with a dilute Triton-X solution and storing it in the conductivity cells (but not in the oxygen sensors) between casts to maintain sensor stability and to eliminate any accumulating biofilms. Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis. O-rings were changed and lanyards repaired as necessary. Bottle maintenance was performed each day to insure proper closure and sealing. Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or replaced as needed. The 36-place SBE32 carousel had problems releasing some lanyards, causing mis-tripped bottles on multiple casts. This problem improved as the cruise continued, after several repair attempts and bottle height/lanyard adjustments. The Forward winch readout was shorter than the maximum cast depths by 1.4-1.6%. The largest difference was used to apply a sloped correction (raw wireout* 1.0158) to the maximum wireout values reported for each cast on the Forward winch. The Aft winch readouts were nominally 0.5% larger than maximum cast depths, with a few being negative. No corrections were applied to Aft winch wireout values. 1.4. CTD Data Acquisition and Rosette Operation The CTD data acquisition system consisted of an SBE-11plus (V2) deck unit and a networked generic PC workstation running Windows 2000. SBE SeaSave v.7.14c software was used for data acquisition and to close bottles on the rosette. CTD deployments were initiated by the console watch after the ship had stopped on station. The watch maintained a CTD Cast log containing a description of each deployment, a record of every attempt to close a bottle and any pertinent comments. Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette, the winch operator would lower it to 10 meters. The CTD sensor pumps were configured with a 60 second startup delay, and were usually on by this time. The console operator checked the CTD data for proper sensor operation, waited an additional 60 seconds for sensors to stablize, then instructed the winch operator to bring the package to the surface, pause for 10 seconds, and descend to a target depth (wire-out). The profiling rate was no more than 30m/min to 50m, no more than 45m/min to 200m and no more than 60m/min deeper than 200m depending on sea cable tension and the sea state. The console watch monitored the progress of the deployment and quality of the CTD data through interactive graphics and operational displays. Additionally, the watch created a sample log for the deployment which would be later used to record the correspondence between rosette bottles and analytical samples taken. The altimeter channel, CTD pressure, wire-out, pinger and bathymetric depth were all monitored to determine the distance of the package from the bottom, usually allowing a safe approach to within 10-20 meters. Bottles were closed on the up cast by operating an on-screen control, and were tripped at least 30 seconds after stopping at the trip location to allow the rosette wake to dissipate and the bottles to flush. The winch operator was instructed to proceed to the next bottle stop at least 10 seconds after closing bottles to insure that stable CTD data were associated with the trip. After the last bottle was closed, the console operator directed the deck watch to bring the rosette on deck. Once out of the water, the console operator terminated the data acquisition, turned off the deck unit and assisted with rosette sampling. 1.5. CTD Data Processing Shipboard CTD data processing was performed automatically at the end of each deployment using SIO/ODF CTD processing software v.5.1.0. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE SeaSave on the Windows 2000 workstation were copied onto the Linux database and web server system, then processed to a 0.5-second time series. CTD data at bottle trips were extracted, and a 2-decibar down-cast pressure series created. This pressure series was used by the web service for interactive plots, sections and CTD data distribution; the 0.5 second time series were also available for distribution. CTD data were examined at the completion of each deployment for clean corrected sensor response and any calibration shifts. As bottle salinity and oxygen results became available, they were used to refine shipboard conductivity and oxygen sensor calibrations. TS and theta-O2 comparisons were made between down and up casts as well as between groups of adjacent deployments. Vertical sections of measured and derived properties from sensor data were checked for consistency. A few CTD acquisition problems were encountered during P18. The aft winch had level wind problems during test cast 998. The CTD went to depth a second time from 540db on the upcast to correctly spool the cable onto the winch drum. Slower winch speeds were observed with the 24-position rosette during the first six casts to break in the new sea cable. Normal winch speeds resumed with the 24-position rosette for the next nine casts. Then the 36-position rosette was employed. Neither of the Benthos altimeters brought by PMEL performed well and were retired after cast 19. AOML's Simrad altimeter was passed between rosettes as they were employed. Secondary pump s/n 3481 was retired from the 24-position rosette after cast 19. Poor data, likely owing to pump problems, were observed during casts 15 and 16 when pump s/n 3481 was used on the 36-position rosette. Hundreds of modulo errors during cast 19 prompted retermination of the forward winch cable used for the 24-position rosette. The armor was not used as the return (ground) as recommended by Sea-Bird. Instead one of the three conducting wires was used as ground. The other two conducting wires were soldered together as the positive lead. This is the same electrical termination scheme that had to be used on the aft winch cable prior to the test cast to eliminate modulo errors while the rosette was still on deck. During the recovery of the rosette after cast 28, the boom was brought in too far and the block hit the ship, damaging the aft winch cable. The cable was reterminated prior to cast 29/2 after cutting off 5m of cable, then again prior to cast 32 after cutting of 10m more of cable. Primary pump s/n 819 was retired from the 24-position rosette after cast 51. Bad primary data, likely owing to pump problems, were observed during casts 30, 31 and 51. A few modulo errors and corresponding spikes in all data channels occurred intermittently during casts 36-50. The errors ceased after all connections at the CTD were reseated. Small spikes in all data channels occurred intermittently during casts 65-75 between about 1300-1550 dbars, mostly on the downcast. No modulo errors. The spikes disappeared after a new pump y-cable was installed. Secondary conductivity sensor s/n 3068 was retired after cast 66. Its behavior during the cast was indicative of a cracked cell. Several broken strands in the outer armor of the aft cable were detected around 3400 m wire out during cast 153. The 36-position package and the aft cable were not used for the remainder of the cruise. Frozen water in the pump tubes affected both primary and secondary sensors at the start of cast 172. Secondary sensors recovered within a few seconds after going in, but primary conductivity did not come back fully until about 8db on the second down (after the surface yoyo). A later start time was used for pressure-sequencing to bypass the questionable data. Water was "frozen solid" in the syringes removed prior to cast 173, but there were no problems during the cast itself. A total of 179 CTD casts were made (including two test casts, two TAO calibration casts, and two casts for station 98: the first to end leg 1 and the second to start leg 2). The 24-place (CTD #209) rosette was used for stations 998 (Test), 1-14, 19-21, 29/1 (TAO calibration), 30-31 and 51-53 on leg 1; and for stations 134-143 and 154-174 on leg 2. The 36-place (CTD #315) rosette was used for the remainder of the casts. 1.6. CTD Sensor Laboratory Calibrations Laboratory calibrations of the CTD pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen sensors were performed prior to CLIVAR/Carbon P18. The calibration dates are listed in table 1.6.0 and 1.6.1. Table 1.6.0 CLIVAR/Carbon P18 CTD #209 sensors (24-place rosette). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Sensor Model/ Serial Calibration Calibration Description No. Date Facility --------------------------------------------- --------- ----------- ----------- Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure 209-53586 09-Jul-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE3plus Temperature (Primary/T1) 03P-4211 08-Nov-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE3_02/F Temperature (Secondary/T2) 03-1455 13-Nov-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE4C Conductivity (Primary/C1) 04-2887 18-Oct-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE4C Conductivity (Secondary/C2) 04-2882 18-Oct-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen 43-0315 16-Oct-2007 SBE ______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.6.1 CLIVAR/Carbon P18 CTD #315 sensors (36-place rosette). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Sensor Model/ Serial Calibration Calibration Description No. Date Facility -------------------------------------------- --------- ----------- ----------- Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure 315-53960 27-Jul-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE3plus Temperature (Primary/T1) 03P-4341 13-Nov-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE3plus Temperature (Secondary/T2) 03P-4335 13-Nov-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE4C Conductivity (Primary/C1) 04-3157 18-Oct-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE4C Conductivity (Secondary/C2A) 04-3068 18-Oct-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE4 Conductivity (Secondary/C2B) 04-1467 18-Oct-2007 SBE Sea-Bird SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen 43-0664 16-Oct-2007 SBE Wetlabs CDOM Fluorometer [V] FLRTD-428 unknown Wetlabs CStar Transmissometer [V] CST-507DR 30-Apr-2007 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1.7. ODF Shipboard CTD Processing PMEL CTD #209 or #315 was used for all P18 casts. The CTDs were deployed with all sensors and pumps aligned vertically, as recommended by SBE. Primary temperature and conductivity sensors (T1 & C1) were used for all reported CTD data except four casts: 30/1, 31/1 and 51/1 (CTD #209 primary pump problems); and 39/1 (CTD #315 severely "slimed" by organic matter through most of cast). In addition, secondary data were used for CTD bottle trip information on stations 20/1 and 21/1 (spiky/noisy salinity caused by CTD #209 primary pump problems) and station 27/1 (due to salinity spike/offset problems on the upcast). The secondary sensors (T2 & C2) usually served only as calibration checks. Upcast data were reported shipboard for 3 casts because of sensor problems on the downcasts: 29/2, 46/1 and 116/1. In situ salinity and dissolved O2 check samples collected during each cast were used to calibrate the conductivity and dissolved O2 sensors. 1.7.1. CTD Pressure The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure transducers (S/Ns 209-53586 and 315-53960) were calibrated on the 9th and 27th of July 2007 at SBE. Calibration coefficients derived from the calibrations were applied to raw pressures during each cast. Residual pressure offsets (the difference between the first and last submerged pressures) were examined to check for calibration shifts. All were < 0.4db, until stations 128-133, where the end residual pressure offset was just below -0.5db. The offsets were low again until station 152, when start and end pressures out-of-water were slowly decreasing to as much as -0.9db, presumably because of the significantly colder water and air temperatures near the end of the cruise. No adjustments were made to the calculated pressures. 1.7.2. CTD Temperature The same four SBE3 temperature sensors were used throughout the cruise: primary sensors (T1): S/Ns 03P-4211 (CTD #209) and 03P-4341 (CTD #315), and secondary sensors (T2): S/Ns 03-1455 (CTD #209) and 03P-4341 (CTD #315). All but one were SBE3plus sensors; 03-1455 was an SBE3_02/F sensor. Calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise calibrations (8-13 November 2007) were applied to raw primary and secondary temperatures during each cast. Calibration accuracy was monitored by tabulating T1-T2 over a range of pressures and temperatures (bottle trip locations) for each cast. No significant time- or pressure-dependent slope was evident during the cruise for either pair of temperature sensors. The T1-T2 differences for CTD #315 show good agreement during the cruise. However, there is an average +0.0008 to +0.001 deg.C T1-T2 difference for deep CTD #209 temperatures, whether or not casts with pump problems are included. A -0.0006 deg.C offset was applied to both temperature sensors, to account for heating effects on the sensors from pressure (from PMEL, as recommended by SBE). The differences between the dual temperature sensors for each CTD are summarized in Figures 1.7.2.0-1.7.2.1. Figure 1.7.2.0 CTD #209 T1-T2 by station, pressure>1600db only. Figure 1.7.2.1 CTD #315 T1-T2 by station, pressure>1600db only. 1.7.3. CTD Conductivity The same two conductivity sensors were used throughout the cruise on CTD #209 (Primary/C1: S/N 04-2887, Secondary/C2: S/N 04-2882). CTD #315 used the same Primary sensor (C1: S/N 04-3157), but the Secondary sensor was changed after displaying a large pressure drift during Station 66 (C2A: S/N 04-3068, C2B: S/N 04-1467). All conductivity sensors were model SBE4C except the replacement sensor for CTD #315, which was model SBE4. Conductivity sensor calibration coefficients derived from the 18 October 2007 pre-cruise calibrations were applied to raw primary and secondary conductivities. Comparisons between the primary and secondary sensors, and between each of the sensors to check sample conductivities (calculated from bottle salinities), were used to monitor conductivity drifts and offsets. There was a -0.0015 mS/cm deep offset between the CTD #209 conductivity sensors, and an apparent pressure effect on at least one of the sensors. The deep Bottle - C1 conductivity residual was nearly +0.006 mS/cm from the start of the leg. A linear pressure-dependent slope between conductivity sensors was observed for CTD #315 from the start of the cruise; the C1-C2A difference (stations 1-65) approached -0.002 mS/cm in the deepest (near 5000db) water. The deep bottle - C1A conductivity offset started near +0.004 mS/cm, and rose fairly steadily to +0.009 by the end of the leg. Inspection of the conductivity sensor calibration reports showed that all 6 sensors brought on P18 were calibrated on the same date, with the same calibration standard values (likely in the same bath). Three of the first four sensors used looked strangely similar: all showed little change since the previous calibration, other than a "dip" of ~0.0035 mS/cm in the 28-30 mS/cm range for the previous calibrations displayed on the plot. The fourth sensor showed a fairly consistent offset above 40 mS/cm, then dipped -0.003 in the 28-30 mS/cm range. The previous calibrations were on 3 different dates; the only thing all 4 had in common was their most recent calibration date. The next most recent calibrations from SBE (July 2007) for the two CTD #315 conductivity sensors were found, and data were test re-averaged using those coefficients. Deep C1 values from early in the cruise would shift by +0.0023 mS/cm (+0.0028 to CTDS), with insignificant changes to surface data. C2A values would change a similar amount, still +0.0015 higher than C1 data. This could explain most of the starting difference between the CTD and bottle salinities. These older conductivity calibration data were NOT applied during the cruise. The latest/Oct.2007 conductivity calibration coefficients were applied during the cruise to all CTD data during initial processing. PMEL determined conductivity correction coefficients by comparing CTD data generated by SeaSave with bottle salinities. The same corrections were applied to the ODF CTD data set at the end of the second leg. ODF CTD data reported at the end of the leg will be replaced by PMEL CTD data within a few months after the end of the cruise. After the CTD #315 secondary sensor died during station 66, the replacement sensor C2B showed a very non-linear difference from C1 with respect to pressure. The C1-C2B deep conductivity difference was -0.007 mS/cm; however, bottle - C2B conductivity differences started at -0.0015 and rose to +0.0005 mS/cm during leg 1 (stations 67-98). This was much closer to bottle values than any of the other 4 conductivity sensors, despite its recent history of a large drift over the 19 months prior to its October calibration. To reduce the contamination of the comparisons by package wake, differences between primary and secondary temperature sensors were used as a metric of variability and used to qualify the comparisons. The coherence of this relationship is illustrated in Figure 1.7.3.0. The uncorrected comparison between the primary sensors and secondary sensors or bottle conductivities is shown in Figures 1.7.3.1 through 1.7.3.5 (vs pressure), and Figures 1.7.3.6 through 1.7.3.10 (vs station). Figure 1.7.3.0 C1-C2 vs. T1-T2, both CTDs, all points. Figure 1.7.3.1 CTD #209 Uncorrected C1-C2 differences by pressure (|T1-T2|<0.005). Figure 1.7.3.2 CTD #209 Uncorrected Bottle_Cond.-C1 differences by pressure (|T1-T2|<0.005). Figure 1.7.3.3 CTD #315 Uncorrected C1-C2A differences by pressure (|T1-T2|<0.005). Figure 1.7.3.4 CTD #315 Uncorrected C1-C2B differences by pressure (|T1-T2|<0.005). Figure 1.7.3.5 CTD #315 Uncorrected Bottle_Cond.-C1 differences by pressure (|T1-T2|<0.005). Figure 1.7.3.6 CTD #209 Uncorrected C1-C2 differences by cast (Pressure>1600db). Figure 1.7.3.7 CTD #315 Uncorrected C1-C2A differences by cast (Pressure>1600db). Figure 1.7.3.8 CTD #315 Uncorrected C1-C2B differences by cast (Pressure>1600db). Figure 1.7.3.9 CTD #209 Uncorrected Bottle_Cond.-C1 differences by cast (Pressure>1600db). Figure 1.7.3.10 CTD #315 Uncorrected Bottle_Cond.-C1 differences by cast (Pressure>1600db). The comparison of the primary and secondary conductivity sensors by cast, after applying shipboard corrections determined by PMEL (see next section), is summarized in Figure 1.7.3.11. Figure 1.7.3.11 Corrected C1-C2 conductivity differences by cast (|T1-T2|<0.005 deg.C). Salinity residuals after applying PMEL shipboard corrections to both sensor pairs are summarized in Figures 1.7.3.12 through 1.7.3.14. Secondary conductivity sensors not used for CTD data reporting during P18 were only nominally corrected. Figure 1.7.3.12 Corrected S1-S2 salinity differences by cast (|T1-T2|<0.005 deg.C). Figure 1.7.3.13 Bottle-CTD salinity residuals by cast (|T1-T2|<0.005 deg.C). Figure 1.7.3.14 Bottle-CTD salinity residuals by cast (pressure > 1600db). Figures 1.7.3.12 through 1.7.3.14 represent estimates of the CTD salinity accuracy at the end of P18. The 95% confidence limits are +/-0.0012 relative to S2, and +/-0.0183 relative to all bottle salts, where |T1-T2|<0.005 deg.C. The 95% confidence limit is +/-0.0024 for deep bottle salts, where pressure>1600db. Figure 1.7.3.14 (deep bottle-CTD differences) illustrates a small skew toward +0.001 early in leg 1, and about -0.001 for much of leg 2. Fine-tuning of conductivity corrections will be considered before the final CTD data are submitted by PMEL. Corrections were also applied to CTD data at bottle trips, used in the WHP- and Exchange-format bottle data files produced at the end of P18 Leg 2. 1.7.4. CTD Dissolved Oxygen The same two SBE43 dissolved O2 (DO) sensors were used throughout this cruise (CTD #209: S/N 43-0315, CTD #315: S/N 43-0664). The sensors were plumbed into the primary T1/C1 pump circuits, after C1. The DO sensors were calibrated to dissolved O2 check samples at bottle stops by calculating CTD dissolved O2 then minimizing the residuals using a non-linear least-squares fitting procedure. The fitting procedure determined the calibration coefficients for the sensor model conversion equation, and was accomplished in stages. The time constants for the exponential terms in the model were first determined for each sensor. These time constants are sensor-specific but applicable to an entire cruise. Then casts were fit individually to check sample data via an automated process, and the resulting deep data were checked. Bottle data were slightly high for stations 118 and 165, and slightly low for station 171, on deep theta-O2 overlays. These three CTD casts were adjusted for deep consistency with adjacent casts' bottle and CTD data. Station 38 had multiple low/eliminated deep bottle O2 values, but was consistent on deep theta-O2 comparisons; no adjustments were necessary. No bottles were tripped at station 29/1 TAO calibration cast: CTDO2 corrections from station 30 were used, with a -0.01 offset term. The resulting data compared well with nearby casts. There were no bottles above 500db on station 29/2: station 28 corrections were used for this cast. Only a few check samples were drawn on stations 998/1 (test) and 997/1 (second TAO calibration); corrections from stations 4 and 59 were used for 998 and 997 to fit the few bottle O2 samples and nearby casts best. There were numerous CTD O2 signal drops during leg 1 for CTD #209 data, probably caused by primary pump problems (pump changed out after station 51): sta/cast low CTDO signal quality code -------- --------------- -------------------------------------- 19/1 2284-2400db 4 21/1 4130-bottom 4 (lower on upcast as well) 30/1 3772-bottom 3 31/1 3506-bottom 3 51/1 3762-bottom 3 Both pumps were turned off for 1 minute following signal cutouts that caused CTD #315 to perceive out-of-water values for primary conductivity. The CTD O2 signal was low until about 30 seconds after the pumps came back on. station/ pumps off low CTDO signal cast (downcast) (quality code 3) comment -------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------------------------ 29/2 436-430db no data lost CTD sat at 436db after power cutout 36/1 2426-2491db 2436-2510db 40/1 1587-1648db 1590-1658db 40/1 1669-1733db 1674-1742db 40/1 1875-1941db 1882-1958db 41/1 1433-1496db 1436-1508db 45/1 1120-1309db 1124-1330db (3 back-to-back cutouts) 48/1 1142-1204db 1144-1210db 49/1 1544-1576db 1544-1578db 50/1 1202-1225db 1200-1254db The CTD #315 O2 signal dipped when CTDS1 spiked on several casts; the status indicated the pumps did not turn off. Replacing the Y-cable after station 75 fixed the problem. sta/cast pressures affected quality code -------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------- 65/1 1294-1306db, 1372-1386db, 1446-1458db 3 67/1 1490-1498db, 1528-1540db 3 68/1 1354-1366db, 1478-1504db 3 73/1 1306-1314db, 1342-1348db, 1374-1384db, 1510-1516db 3 74/1 1316-1328db, 1356-1362db, 1404-1412db, 3 1418-1428db, 1432-1442db, 1536-1548db The surface (0-6db) CTD O2 data were low (slow to come up at the top of the start-cast yoyo) for station 156/1; these CTDO data were also assigned a quality code of 3. The dissolved O2 residuals are shown in Figures 1.7.4.0-1.7.4.2. Figure 1.7.4.0 Bottle-CTD O2 residuals by cast (all points). Figure 1.7.4.1 Bottle-CTD O2 residuals by pressure (all points). Figure 1.7.4.2 Bottle-CTD O2 residuals by cast (pressure>1600db). The standard deviations of 2.900µmol/kg for all oxygens and 0.530µmol/kg for low-gradient oxygens are only presented as general indicators of goodness of fit. ODF makes no claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data. The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation for Clark cells follows Brown and Morrison [Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85]. ODF models membrane and sensor temperatures with lagged CTD temperatures and a lagged thermal gradient. In situ pressure and temperature are filtered to match the sensor response. Time-constants for the pressure response Taup, two temperature responses TauTs and TauTf, and thermal gradient response TaudT are fitting parameters. The thermal gradient term is derived by low-pass filtering the difference between the fast response (Tf) and slow response (Ts) temperatures. This term is SBE43-specific and corrects a non-linearity introduced by analog thermal compensation in the sensor. The Oc gradient, dOc/dt, is approximated by low-pass filtering 1st-order Oc differences. This gradient term attempts to correct for reduction of species other than O2 at the sensor cathode. The time-constant for this filter, Tauog, is a fitting parameter. Dissolved O2 concentration is then calculated: O2ml/l=[c1*Oc+c2]*fsat(S,T,P)*e(^c3*Pl+c4*Tf+c5*Ts+c6*dOc/dt) (1.7.4.0) where: O2ml/l = Dissolved O2 concentration in ml/l; Oc = Sensor current (uamps); fsat(S,T,P) = O2 saturation concentration at S,T,P (ml/l); S = Salinity at O2 response-time ; T = Temperature at O2 response-time (deg.C); P = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars); Pl = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars); Tf = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C); Ts = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C); dOc/dt = Sensor current gradient (uamps/secs); dT = low-pass filtered thermal gradient (Tf - Ts). 1.8. PMEL CTD Data Processing The reduction of profile data began with a standard suite of processing modules (process.bat) using Sea-Bird Data Processing Win32 version 5.37e software in the following order: DATCNV converts raw data into engineering units and creates a .ROS bottle file. Both down and up casts were processed for scan, elapsed time(s), pressure, t0, t1, c0, c1, and oxygen voltage. Optical sensor data were converted to voltages but not carried further through the processing stream. MARKSCAN was used to skip over scans acquired on deck and while priming the system under water. MARKSCAN values were entered at the DATCNV menu prompt. ALIGNCTD aligns temperature, conductivity, and oxygen measurements in time relative to pressure to ensure that derived parameters are made using measurements from the same parcel of water. Primary conductivity was automatically advanced in the V1 deck unit by 0.073 seconds. Secondary conductivity was advanced by 0.073 seconds in ALIGNCTD. It was not necessary to align temperature or oxygen. BOTTLESUM averages burst data over an 8-second interval (+/- 4 seconds of the confirm bit) and derives both primary and secondary salinity, primary potential temperature (θ), primary potential density anomaly (σθ), and oxygen (in µmol/kg). WILDEDIT makes two passes through the data in 100 scan bins. The first pass flags points greater than 2 standard deviations; the second pass removes points greater than 20 standard deviations from the mean with the flagged points excluded. Data were kept within 100 of the mean (i.e. all data). FILTER applies a low pass filter to pressure with a time constant of 0.15 seconds. In order to produce zero phase (no time shift) the filter is first run forward through the file and then run backwards through the file. CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects from measured conductivity. In areas with steep temperature gradients the thermal mass correction is on the order of 0.005 PSS-78. In other areas the correction is negligible. The value used for the thermal anomaly amplitude (α) was 0.03. The value used for the thermal anomaly time constant (β-1) was 7.0 s. LOOPEDIT removes scans associated with pressure slowdowns and reversals. If the CTD velocity is less than 0.25 m/s or the pressure is not greater than the previous maximum scan, the scan is omitted. BINAVG averages the data into 1-dbar bins. Each bin is centered on an integer pressure value, e.g. the 1-dbar bin averages scans where pressure is between 0.5 dbar and 1.5 dbar. There is no surface bin. The number of points averaged in each bin is included in the data file. DERIVE uses 1-dbar averaged pressure, temperature, and conductivity to compute primary and secondary salinity. TRANS converts the binary data file to ASCII format. Package slowdowns and reversals owing to ship roll can move mixed water in tow to in front of the CTD sensors and create artificial density inversions and other artifacts. In addition to Seasoft module LOOPEDIT, MATLAB program deloop.m computes values of density locally referenced between every 1 dbar of pressure to compute the square of the buoyancy frequency, N2, and linearly interpolates temperature, conductivity, and oxygen voltage over those records where N2 is less than or equal to -1 x 10-5/s2. Thirty- eight profiles failed this criteria in the top 12 meters. These data were retained by program deloop_post.m and will be flagged as questionable in the final WOCE formatted files. Program calctd.m reads the delooped data files and applies final calibrations to primary temperature and conductivity, and computes salinity and calibrated oxygen. Pressure Calibration Pressure calibrations for the CTD instrument used during this cruise were pre-cruise. No additional adjustments were applied. Preliminary Temperature Calibration In addition to a viscous heating correction of -0.0006 deg.C, a linearly interpolated temperature sensor drift correction using pre and post-cruise calibration data for the midpoint of the cruise will be determined after the cruise. Viscous and drift corrections are applied to profile data using program calctd.m, and to burst data using calclo.m. Preliminary Conductivity Calibration Seasoft module BOTTLESUM creates a sample file for each cast. These files were appended using program sbecal1.f. Program addsal.f matched sample salinities to CTD salinities by station/sample number. Primary sensors s/n 3157 and 2887 were selected for all casts except 30, 31, 39, and 51. Secondary sensor s/n 2882 was used for casts 30, 31, and 51. Secondary sensor s/n 3068 was used for cast 51. For s/n 3157, program calcos3.m produced the best results for an overall 3rd-order station-dependent fit of sample data from stations 15-18, 22-29, 32-38, 40-50, 54-133, 144-153: __________________________________________ number of points used 3650 total number of points 4344 % of points used in fit 84.02 fit standard deviation 0.001309 fit bias 0.0071014844 min fit slope 0.99988348 max fit slope 1.0000149 __________________________________________ For s/n 2887, program calcop1.m produced the best results for an overall linear station- dependent fit of sample data from stations 1-14, 19-21, 52-53, 134-143, and 154-174: __________________________________________ number of points used 339 total number of points 421 % of points used in fit 80.52 fit standard deviation 0.001627 fit bias 0.0034496831 fit co pressure fudge 1.0620737e-006 fit slope 0.99995811 __________________________________________ For s/n 2882, program calcos1.m produced the best results for an overall 2nd-order station-dependent fit of sample data from stations 1-14, 19-21, 30-31, 51-53, 134-143, and 154-174: __________________________________________ number of points used 398 total number of points 489 % of points used in fit 81.39 fit standard deviation 0.001819 fit bias 0.0005805286 min fit slope 1.0000168 max fit slope 1.0000724 __________________________________________ For s/n 3068, program calcos1.m produced the best results for an overall linear station-dependent fit of sample data from stations 15-18, 22-29, 32-50, and 54-66: __________________________________________ number of points used 1293 total number of points 1469 % of points used in fit 88.02 fit standard deviation 0.00153 fit bias 0.0044191892 min fit slope 0.99994809 max fit slope 0.99999822 __________________________________________ Conductivity calibrations were applied to profile data using program calctd.m, and to burst data using calclo.m. Primary sensor CTD - bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure were used to allow a visual assessment of the success of the fit. 2. LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER (LADCP) An LDEO LADCP system was used to collect data at almost every station. Preliminary processing was completed during the cruise using LDEO LADCP software. LADCP SYSTEM SETUP Two different CTD rosettes were used on this cruise, one with 24 bottles and one with 36 bottles. The LDEO LADCP system mounted on the 36-bottle rosette consisted of two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) heads and an oil-filled rechargeable lead-acid battery pack. The installation on deck consisted of a Macintosh computer system for data acquisition and processing, as well as a battery charger/power supply [Thur06]. The LADCP heads and battery pack were mounted inside the 36-bottle rosette frame and connected using a custom designed, potted cable assembly. One head (master) was placed looking downward underneath the bottles at approximately the same height as the CTD instruments, the other head looking upwards (slave) above the bottle trigger mechanism. The battery pack and LADCP were mounted on opposite sides of the rosette frame center to avoid unequal balancing. On the 24-place package there were two settings used on both legs of the cruise respectively. On leg 1 two heads were mounted on an custom made frame extension. On leg 2 only one head was mounted looking downward, placed underneath the bottles on an improvised mounting bracket. In both settings the battery was placed on the opposite side to avoid horizontal tilt due to unequal balancing. Power supply and data transfer was handled independently from any CTD connections. While on deck the instrument communication was set up by means of a network of RS-232 and USB cables, using LDEO (Columbia University) LADCP software for instrument control, data transmission and processing (using version IX_4) in Matlab [Thur07]. LADCP OPERATION AND DATA PROCESSING On arrival at each station the LADCP heads were 'switched on' for data acquisition by using the LADCP software. Then communications and power cabling were disconnected and all connections were rinsed with fresh water and sealed with dummy plugs. After each cast the data cable and the power supply were rinsed, reconnected, the data acquisition terminated, the battery charged, and the data downloaded by using the LADCP software. Immediately after each cast a preliminary processing was executed, combining CTD, GPS, and shipboard ADCP data with the data from the LADCPs to produce both a shear and an inverse solution for the absolute velocities. The preliminary processing produced velocity profiles, rosette frame angular movements, and velocity ascii files. Plots and data files were transferred to the ODF data processing computer on-board for access through the website and from a shared data directory. PROBLEMS The system worked as planned in all three setups. Nevertheless, some problems were encountered during the cruise. On leg 1, the LADCP was shifted from the 24-place rosette frame at station 22. The battery on the larger frame had not been charged for 26 hours, and the voltage was very low. Only 10 minutes of useful data were collected before the battery died. The LADCP was not installed on the 24-place rosette frame during station 29/1, the mooring calibration cast. The LADCP was removed from the rosette frame during stations 51 und 52 while persistent CTD signal problems were being diagnosed. At stations 86-88, one of the four beams on the down-looking high-power ADCP head broke. Due to software limitations, data were not processed, and no plots were generated. At station 89, the down-looking ADCP head was replaced by the up-looking ADCP head, a 'regular' ADCP head. Another 'regular' head, which also had a broken beam, was placed as up-looker. Data were collected successfully. However, due to lack of solid particles in the low productivity area of the water column, the ADCP could not collect enough reflections from particles. Data quality were very poor, and no useful plots were generated. Stations 90 and 91 had the same problem as station 89. At station 92, in order to increase data quality, the high-power ADCP head was placed for up-looking. However, due to a combination of hardware and software problems, the LADCP system was not ready for data collection and did not collect any data. At stations 93 and 94, data were collected successfully. Data quality in deep water was still poor; no useful plots were produced. On leg 2, according to the chief scientists' initial decision not to mount any LADCP on the 24-bottle rosette any more (because of concerns about package rotation voiced by one of the shipboard technicians), no velocity data could be collected on stations 134-143. At station 154 permission was granted to mount one LADCP and battery pack inside the 24-bottle rosette frame, and data were collected accordingly. Due to low insufficient battery voltage at station 173 (bad charging cable), no data were collected on this cast. 3. BOTTLE SAMPLING AND DATA PROCESSING 3.1. BOTTLE SAMPLING At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the bottles in the following order: • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • 3He • O2 • ONAR • pCO2 • Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) • pH • Total Alkalinity (TAlk) • 13C and 14C • Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) • Tritium • Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) • Nutrients • 32Si • 15N/18O • Salinity • Millero Density • Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) • CDOM2 and/or CDOM3 Characterization The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette bottle position (1-24 or 1-36) from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order. Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve and then the air vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped. This observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample integrity were routinely noted on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature from the bottle. The temperature was noted on the sample log and was sometimes useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles. Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were distributed for analysis. On-board analyses were performed on computer- assisted (PC) analytical equipment networked to the data processing computer for centralized data management. 3.2. BOTTLE DATA PROCESSING Water samples collected and properties analyzed shipboard were managed centrally in a relational database (PostgreSQL-8.0.3) run on a Linux system. A web service (OpenAcs-5.2.2 and AOLServer-4.0.10) front-end provided ship-wide access to CTD and water sample data. Web-based facilities included on-demand arbitrary property-property plots and vertical sections as well as data uploads and downloads. The Sample Log (and any diagnostic comments) was entered into the database once sampling was completed. Quality flags associated with sampled properties were set to indicate that the property had been sampled, and sample container identifications were noted where applicable (e.g., oxygen flask number). Analytical results were provided on a regular basis by the various analytical groups and incorporated into the database. These results included a quality code associated with each measured value and followed the coding scheme developed for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic Programme (WHP) [Joyc94]. Various consistency checks and detailed examination of the data continued throughout the cruise. 3.3. CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC) AND SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) MEASUREMENTS PIs: John Bullister and Mark Warner Analysts: Leg 1 David Wisegarver and Robert Letscher Leg 2 Nathaniel Nutter and Nick Beaird (Prepared 2 May 2011) A PMEL analytical system (Bullister and Wisegarver, 2008) was used for CFC-11, CFC-12 and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) analyses on the 2007/2008 CLIVAR P18 expedition. Samples for the analyses of dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 ('CFC/SF6') were drawn from approximately 3160 of the 5700 water samples collected during the expedition. Analysis of CFC-11, CFC-12, and SF6 were made on the same water sample. Measurements of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were made on a subset of these samples, primarily in cold, deepwater samples where non- conservative behavior of this compound is less significant. The analytical system was not optimized for CCl4 measurements on this cruise. CCl4 measurements in samples shallower than 2000 m are not reported. CCl4 measurements in samples collected at depths greater than 2000 m have been flagged as '3' (questionable). In general, the analytical system performed well on the cruise. SF6 measurements were not made on a routine basis as part of WOCE or on earlier CLIVAR repeat hydrography cruises, and the SF6 work on CLIVAR P18 is considered to be a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of making these measurements more routinely on future CLIVAR cruises. Typical dissolved SF6 concentrations in modern surface water are ~1-2 fmol kg-1 seawater (1 fmol= femtomole = 10-15 moles), approximately 1000 times lower than dissolved CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations. The limits of detection for SF6 on CLIVAR P18 were approximately 0.02 fmol kg-1, giving a concentration range of ~ 100:1 for SF6 measurements at present in the ocean. SF6 measurements in seawater remain extremely challenging. Improvements in the analytical sensitivity to this compound at low concentrations are essential to make these measurements more routine on future CLIVAR cruises Water samples on CLIVAR P18 were collected in bottles designed at PMEL that use a modified end-cap design to minimize the contact of the water sample with the end-cap O-rings after closing. Two sizes of these bottles (11 or 12 liter) were used on the expedition. Stainless steel springs covered with a nylon powder coat were substituted for the internal elastic tubing provided with standard Niskin bottles. On the casts where water samples were collected for dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 analysis, these were the first samples drawn from the bottles. Care was taken to coordinate the sampling of CFC/SF6 with other samples to minimize the time between the initial opening of each bottle and the completion of sample drawing. Samples more easily impacted by gas exchange (dissolved oxygen, 3He, DIC and pH) were collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle. To minimize contact with air, the CFC/SF6 samples were drawn directly through the stopcocks of the bottles into 250 ml precision glass syringes equipped with three-way plastic stopcocks. The syringes were immersed in a holding tank of clean surface seawater held at ~5°C until ~30 minutes before being analyzed. At that time, the syringe was placed in a bath of surface seawater heated to ~30°C. For atmospheric sampling, a ~75 m length of 3/8" OD Dekaron tubing was run from the CFC van located on the fantail to the bow of the ship. A flow of air was drawn through this line into the main laboratory using an Air Cadet pump. The air was compressed in the pump, with the downstream pressure held at ~1.5 atm. using a backpressure regulator. A tee allowed a flow of ~100 ml min-1 of the compressed air to be directed to the gas sample valves of the CFC/SF6 analytical systems, while the bulk flow of the air (>7 l min-1) was vented through the back-pressure regulator. Air samples were analyzed only when the relative wind direction was within 60 degrees of the bow of the ship to reduce the possibility of shipboard contamination. Analysis of bow air was performed at ~25 locations along the cruise track. At each location, at least five air measurements were made to increase the precision of the measurements. The measured CFC-11 and CFC- 12 and SF6 air concentrations are reported in Table 1. Concentrations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 in air samples, seawater, and gas standards were measured by shipboard electron capture gas chromatography (EC-GC) using techniques modified from those described by Bullister and Weiss (1988) and Bullister and Wisegarver (2008), as outlined below. For seawater analyses, water was transferred from a glass syringe to a glass-sparging chamber (volume ~190 ml). The dissolved gases in the seawater sample were extracted by passing a supply of CFC/SF6 free purge gas through the sparging chamber for a period of 6 minutes at ~175 ml min-1. Water vapor was removed from the purge gas during passage through an 18 cm long, 3/8" diameter glass tube packed with the desiccant magnesium perchlorate. The sample gases were concentrated on a cold- trap consisting of a 1/16" OD stainless steel tube with a 5 cm section packed tightly with Porapak Q (60-80 mesh) and a 22 cm section packed with Carbosieve G. A Neslab Cryocool CC-100 was used to cool the trap to ~70°C. After 6 minutes of purging, the trap was isolated, and it was heated electrically to ~175°C. The sample gases held in the trap were then injected onto a precolumn (~60 cm of 1/8" O.D. stainless steel tubing packed with 80-100 mesh Porasil B, held at 80°C) for the initial separation of CFC-12, CFC-11, SF6 and CCl4 from later eluting peaks. After the SF6 and CFC-12 had passed from the pre-column and into the second precolumn (5 cm of 1/8" O.D. stainless steel tubing packed with MS5A, 95°C) and into the analytical column #1 (240 cm of 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with MS5A and held at 95°C), the outflow from the first precolumn was diverted to the second analytical column (150 cm 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with Carbograph 1AC, 80-100 mesh, held at 80°C). After CFC-11 had passed through the first pre-column, the flow was diverted to a third analytical column (1 m , Carbograph 1AC, 80°C). The gases remaining after CCl4 had passed through the first pre-column, were backflushed from the pre column and vented. Column #1 and the second pre-column were held in a Shimadzu GC8 gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector (ECD) held at 340°C. Column #2 and #3, and the first precolumn were in another Shimadzu GC8 gas chromatograph with ECD. The outflow from column #3 was plumbed to a Shimadzu Mini2 gas chromatograph with the ECD held at 250°C. The analytical system was calibrated frequently using a standard gas of known CFC/SF6 composition. Gas sample loops of known volume were thoroughly flushed with standard gas and injected into the system. The temperature and pressure was recorded so that the amount of gas injected could be calculated. The procedures used to transfer the standard gas to the trap, precolumn, main chromatographic column, and ECD were similar to those used for analyzing water samples. Four sizes of gas sample loops were used. Multiple injections of these loop volumes could be made to allow the system to be calibrated over a relatively wide range of concentrations. Air samples and system blanks (injections of loops of CFC/SF6 free gas) were injected and analyzed in a similar manner. The typical analysis time for seawater, air, standard or blank samples was ~11 minutes. Concentrations of the CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air, seawater samples, and gas standards are reported relative to the SIO98 calibration scale (Cunnold et al., 2000). Concentrations of SF6 in air, seawater samples, and gas standards are reported relative to the CMDL calibration scale (Bullister et al, 2006). Concentrations in air and standard gas are reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in the parts per trillion (ppt) range. Dissolved CFC concentrations are given in units of picomoles per kilogram seawater (pmol kg-1) and SF6 concentrations in fmol kg-1. CFC/SF6 concentrations in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting their chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated by injecting multiple sample loops of gas from a working standard (PMEL cylinder 45186) into the analytical instrument. The response of the detector to the range of moles of CFC/SF6 passing through the detector remained relatively constant during the cruise. Full-range calibration curves were run at intervals of 4-5 days during the cruise. Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas at one atmosphere were run much more frequently (at intervals of ~90 minutes) to monitor short-term changes in detector sensitivity. The purging efficiency was estimated by re-purging a high-concentration water sample and measuring this residual signal. At a flow rate of 170 cc min-1 for 6 minutes, the purging efficiency for all 3 gases was >99.9% and no correction for this has been applied to the reported water concentration values. On this expedition, based on the analysis of ~250 pairs of duplicate samples, we estimate precisions (1 standard deviation) of about 1% or 0.002 pmol kg-1 (whichever is greater) for both dissolved CFC-11 and CFC-12 measurements. The estimated precision for SF6 was 2% or 0.02 fmol kg-1, (whichever is greater). Overall accuracy of the measurements (a function of the absolute accuracy of the calibration gases, volumetric calibrations of the sample gas loops and purge chamber, errors in fits to the calibration curves and other factors) is estimated to be about 2% or 0.004 pmol kg-1 for CFC11 and CFC-12 and 4% or 0.04 fmol kg-1 for SF6). As discussed above, carbon tetrachloride was analyzed as a qualitative tracer only on this expedition and all reported concentration values (from samples deeper than 2000 m) have been flagged as '3' (questionable). Based on the earlier occupation of the P18 section in 1994 as part of the WOCE program and crossings of this section by other WOCE-era sections, the region of the water column between 5oN and 20oS and deeper than 2000 m was thought have near zero levels of CFCs and SF6 at the time of the CLIVAR P18 section. The means of measured values in this region on the CLIVAR P18 expedition was ~0.0025 pmol kg-1 for CFC-11, 0.001 pmol kg-1 for CFC-12 and 0 fmol kg-1 for SF6. Based on previous experiments showing a slow grow-in of CFCs in water held in the sample bottles, and the scatter in measured concentrations of these deep samples, we estimate a total sampling and analytical blank of 0.0025 pmol kg-1 for CFC-11, 0.001 pmol kg-1 for CFC-12 and 0 fmol kg-1 for SF6. The final water concentration data reported here have had these blank corrections applied. A small number of water samples had anomalously high CFC/SF6 concentrations relative to adjacent samples. These samples occurred sporadically during the cruise and were not clearly associated with other features in the water column (e.g., anomalous dissolved oxygen, salinity, or temperature features). This suggests that these samples were probably contaminated with CFCs/SF6 during the sampling or analysis processes. Measured concentrations for these anomalous samples are included in the data file, but are given a quality flag value of either 3 (questionable measurement) or 4 (bad measurement). Approximately 68 samples out of 3168 (~1.7%) CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 samples were assigned quality flags of 3 or 4. A quality flag of 5 was assigned to samples which were drawn from the rosette but never analyzed due to problems during handling or analysis (e.g., leaking, broken syringe etc.). Table 1: Air Measurements from 2007/2008 CLIVAR P18 Date Time YYMMDD HHMM Lat Lon CFC12 CFC11 SF6 ------ ---- ----- ------ ----- ----- ---- 071217 0311 27.9 -112.9 539.2 6.30 071219 0255 20.8 -110.0 536.7 243.7 6.12 071222 0034 13.5 -110.0 536.2 243.7 6.58 071225 0009 8.0 -110.0 540.4 6.15 071226 0022 6.2 -110.0 540.8 243.6 6.25 071227 2242 2.0 -110.0 536.1 242.9 6.14 071229 0038 1.5 -110.0 538.1 242.9 6.12 080101 0607 -3.1 -110.0 537.7 243.8 5.88 080104 0958 -6.3 -108.3 539.1 243.9 6.02 080108 0921 -12.3 -103.0 533.6 243.0 6.12 080114 1018 -23.4 -103.0 537.4 242.3 5.98 080116 1943 -27.6 -103.0 529.4 242.1 6.06 080118 0740 -28.0 -103.0 528.8 242.9 5.78 080121 0919 -27.3 -109.0 543.9 241.9 5.96 080125 0503 -32.7 -103.0 534.6 240.1 6.02 080128 0426 -39.2 -103.0 534.0 239.9 6.04 080206 0326 -55.5 -103.0 537.1 239.4 5.93 080206 1912 -55.5 -103.0 531.5 238.9 6.03 080208 0041 -59.3 -103.0 532.9 238.5 6.12 080208 1545 -59.8 -103.0 532.2 232.1 5.99 080209 0525 -60.8 -103.0 535.9 238.6 6.02 080210 2224 -63.7 -103.0 531.4 237.3 5.88 080211 2216 -65.2 -103.0 532.5 240.2 5.95 080214 2153 -69.4 -103.5 533.2 239.7 5.88 080216 1336 -67.0 -107.3 533.2 242.6 5.90 References Bullister, J.L., and R.F. Weiss, 1988: Determination of CC13F and CC12F2 in seawater and air. Deep-Sea Res., v. 25, pp. 839-853. Bullister, J.L., and D.P. Wisegarver (2008): The shipboard analysis of trace levels of sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbon-11 and chlorofluorocarbon- 12 in seawater. Deep-Sea Res. I, 55, 1063-1074. Bullister, J.L., D.P. Wisegarver, and R.E. Sonnerup (2006): Sulfur hexafluoride as a transient tracer in the north Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18603, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026514 Prinn, R.G., R.F. Weiss, P.J. Fraser, P.G. Simmonds, D.M. Cunnold, F.N. Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B.R. Miller, J. Huang, R.H.J. Wang, D.E. Hartley, C. Harth, L.P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P.M. Midgley, and A. McCulloch, 2000: A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. J. Geophys. Res., v. 105, pp. 17,751-17,792. 3.4. HELIUM AND TRITIUM Helium and Tritium samples were taken roughly every 2 degrees on even- numbered latitudes. Helium Sampling Sampling alternated between taking 16 samples (depths of 0-1200m) and 8 samples (depths of 0-400m) at each station. A duplicate was taken when 16 bottles were sampled. A set of 4 blanks were taken at a depth of ~2500m at five additional stations. Helium samples were taken in stainless steel sample cylinders. The sample cylinders were leak-checked and backfilled with N2 prior to the cruise. Additionally, each cylinder was flushed with N2 just prior to sampling to help eliminate air bubbles. Samples were drawn using tygon tubing connected to the Niskin bottle at one end and the cylinder at the other. Silicon tubing was used as an adapter to prevent the tygon from touching the Niskin per the request of the CDOM group. Cylinders are thumped with a bat while being flushed with water from the Niskin to help remove bubbles. After flushing roughly 1 liter of water through them, the plug valves are closed. As the cylinders are sealed by O-ringed plug valves, the samples must be extracted within 24 hours to limit out-gassing. Eight samples at a time were extracted using our At Sea Extraction line set up in the wet-lab. The stainless steel sample cylinders are attached to the vacuum manifold and pumped down to less than 4e-7 Torr using a diffusion pump for a minimum of 1 hour to check for leaks. The sections are then isolated from the vacuum manifold and introduced to the reservoir cans which are heated to >90 deg.C for roughly 10 minutes. Glass bulbs are attached to the sections and immersed in ice water during the extraction process. After 10 minutes each bulb is flame sealed and packed for shipment back to WHOI. The extraction cans and sections are cleaned with distilled water and isopropanol, then dried between each extraction. 332 helium samples were taken, 5 were lost due to leaks. Helium samples will be analyzed using a mass spectrometer at WHOI. The helium extractions suffered from an ongoing room temperature problem in the wet-lab. The temperature reached 30 deg.C several times during the cruise and leveled out at 24 deg.C the last 2 weeks. The wet-lab proved to be completely unsuitable for running vacuum equipment. The cold finger had to be repeatedly defrosted and cleaned, as it was quickly icing up due to the excess moisture in the room. The diffusion pump was unable to work properly for an extended period in this kind of environment. Midway through the cruise, the system had to be shut down to replace and clean the diffusion pump. One day was lost servicing the line. This is the first time our group has encountered this problem on a cruise. XBT launches were staged from the wet-lab which necessitated the outside door being propped open for 0.5 to 1.5 hours each day. This added to our temperature and humidity problem. Until the analyses are complete, it is unclear whether these issues affected the quality of the samples. The resulting higher base pressure of the line reduced confidence in the ability to detect leaks prior to the extraction process for some samples. The fact that neither sink in the wet-lab was fully functional also prevented using them as a backup cooling system for the diffusion pump. Various problems with the ship's ice-makers also proved to be an obstacle, resulting in delayed extraction time for some samples. TRITIUM SAMPLING Sampling alternated between taking 16 samples (0-1200m) and 8 samples (0-400m) at each station. A duplicate was taken when 16 bottles were sampled. A set of 3 blanks were taken at depth from five additional stations. Every three stations, one tritium sample was also taken from the deepest Niskin. Tritium samples were taken using a silicon adapter and tygon tubing to fill 1-qt glass jugs. The jugs were baked in an oven, backfilled with argon, and the caps were taped shut with electrical tape prior to the cruise. While filling, the jugs are place on the deck and filled to about 2 inches from the top of the bottle, being careful not to spill the argon. Caps were replaced and taped shut with electrical tape before being packed for shipment back to WHOI. 317 tritium samples were taken. Tritium samples will be degassed in the lab at WHOI and stored for a minimum of 6 months before mass spectrometer analysis. No issues were encountered while taking tritium samples. 3.5. OXYGEN ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection [Culb87]. The titration of the samples and the data logging and graphical display was performed on a PC running a LabView program written by Ulises Rivero of AOML. The titrations were preformed in a climate-controlled lab at 18.5-22.5 deg.C. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter [Carp65], with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb91], was used. Four replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run every 24 hours. The reagent blank was determined from the difference between V1 and V2, the volumes of thiosulfate required to titrate 1-ml aliquots of the iodate standard. The reagent blank was determined at the beginning and end of the cruise. This method was found during pre-cruise testing to produce a more reproducible blank value than the value determined as the intercept of a standard curve. The temperature-corrected molarity of the thiosulfate titrant was determined as given by Dickson [Dick94]. SAMPLING AND DATA PROCESSING Dissolved oxygen samples were drawn from Niskin bottles into calibrated 125-150 ml iodine titration flasks using silicon tubing to avoid contamination of DOC and CDOM samples. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing three volumes while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The draw temperature was taken using a digital thermometer with a flexible thermistor probe that was inserted into the flask while the sample was being drawn during the overflow period. These temperatures were used to calculate µmol/kg concentrations, and a diagnostic check of Niskin bottle integrity. 1 ml of MnCl2 and 1 ml of NaOH/NaI were added immediately after drawing the sample was concluded using a Re-pipetor, the flasks were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to create a water seal. 24 or 36 samples plus two duplicates were drawn from each station, depending on which rosette was used. The total number of samples collected from the rosette was 5598. The flasks were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for 1.5 hours before analysis, and the data were incorporated into the cruise database shortly after analysis. Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each standardization and corrected to 20 deg.C. VOLUMETRIC CALIBRATION Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed deionized water at AOML. DUPLICATE SAMPLES A total of 351 sets of duplicates were run. An additional 12 samples were collected from the uncontaminated sea water line in the Hydro Lab on NOAAS R.H. Brown. Two sets of triplicate samples were drawn near the end of the CTD casts on station 18 (14 deg.25'N, 110 deg.W) and station 50 (2 deg.30'N, 110 deg.W). One set of triplicates were drawn from the line after it had passed through the Seabird SBE-45 Micro TSG (normal) and the other set of triplicates after the sea water passed through the Vortex de- bubbler and Turner flourometer. The sampling began when the rosette was at 10 meters preparing to trip bottle 35, and ended shortly after the rosette was at 5 meters and Niskin bottle 36 was tripped. A similar test was conducted a couple of weeks later to test for contamination of the uncontaminated seawater line. The line was cleaned with bleach during the in port at Easter Island. A comparison of the difference between the oxygen content of the uncontaminated seawater line and surface tripped samples from the rosette revealed that the water from the line was now only 1.5 µmol/kg lower. The standard deviation of replicates averaged 0.89 µmol/kg for stations 1-52. Removing a drop on the NaOH/NaI dispenser before fixing a sample improved the reproducibility significantly. The standard deviation of replicates for stations 52-89 averaged 0.14 µmol/kg. The standard deviation of replicates for stations 99-174 averaged 0.15 µmol/kg. PROBLEMS Several oxygen flasks were removed and replaced with different flasks during the cruise, after giving consistently high values. Duplicates were collected using each questionable flask and analyzed; if the values differed significantly, the flask was removed. The following flasks were replaced: _________________________________________________ Orig. Flask Replacement Flask After Station ----------- ----------------- ------------- 13 123 26 52 122 46 28 38 84 68 128 91 _________________________________________________ The titration system was replaced with the backup system after it failed on station 79. This system worked well for the remainder of Leg 1 and all of Leg 2. 3.6. ONAR SAMPLES 220 ONAR (oxygen, nitrogen, argon) samples were collected at 20 stations for analysis ashore. Two replicate samples were collected from each Niskin bottle. Surface ONAR samples (5-25m) were collected at an additional 33 stations (no duplicates). The samples were collected in pre-evacuated glass flasks. The side-arm of the flask was connected to a ~75 cm length of tygon tubing. A length of 1/8" nylon tubing with a flow of CO2 was inserted inside the Tygon tubing and used to flush the sidearm and area between the 2 bottom O-ring seals. After ~30 seconds of flushing, a second 1/8" length of tubing was connected to the Niskin bottle spigot. This tube was flushed with seawater and inserted through the Tygon tube to the flash sidearm as the CO2 tube was removed. After flushing with seawater for ~30 seconds, the flask valve was opened and seawater flowed into the evacuated flask. Care was taken to adjust the rate of seawater flow into the flask so the water level in the Tygon tube remained at least ~60 cm above the sidearm. The flasks were filled about halfway and then re-sealed. 3.7. DISCRETE PCO2 Samples were drawn from Niskin bottles into 500 ml volumetric flasks using Tygon(C) tubing with a Silicone adapter that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of CDOM samples. Bottles were rinsed while inverted and filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. About 5 ml of water was withdrawn to allow for expansion of the water as it warms and to provide space for the stopper, tubing, and frit of the analytical system. Saturated mercuric chloride solution (0.2 ml) was added as a preservative. The sample bottles were sealed with a screw cap containing a polyethylene liner. The samples were stored in coolers at room temperature generally for no more than 5 hours. All analyses were done at 20 deg.C. A secondary bath was used to get the samples close to the analytical temperature prior to analysis. As soon as space was available in the secondary or primary bath, sample flasks were moved into the more controlled temperature bath. No flask was analyzed without spending at least two hours in a bath close to the analytical temperature. In general, every other station was sampled with samples drawn from at least 15 Niskin bottles with one duplicate at each station. Near the equator an effort was made to increase the sampling density across stations. South of Easter Island we increased the number of samples per station due to the increase in ocean depth. We also reduced the station resolution from 2,2,2 etc. to 2,3,2,3 etc. In total, 782 samples were drawn from 736 Niskin bottles with 46 pairs of duplicates from Leg 1. For Leg 2, the respective amounts were 589, 542 and 47. This gives a total of 1371 samples from 1278 Niskin bottles with 93 duplicates. Most of the duplicates agreed within 1%. The discrete pCO2 system is patterned after the instrument described in Chipman et al. [Chip93] and is discussed in detail by Wanninkhof and Thoning [Wann93] and Chen et al. [Chen95]. The major difference between the two systems is that the Wanninkhof instrument uses a LI-COR(C) model 6262 non-dispersive infrared analyzer, while the Chipman instrument utilizes a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. Once the samples reach the analytical temperature, a ~50-ml headspace is created by displacing the water using a compressed standard gas with a CO2 mixing ratio close to the anticipated pCO2 of the water. The headspace is circulated in a closed loop through the infrared analyzer that measures CO2 and water vapor levels in the sample cell. The samples are equilibrated until the running mean of 20 consecutive 1-second readings from the analyzer differ by less than 0.1 ppm (parts per million by volume). This equilibration takes about 10 minutes. An expandable volume in the circulation loop near the flask consisting of a small, deflated balloon keeps the headspace of the flask at room pressure. In order to maintain analytical accuracy, a set of six gas standards (cylinder serial numbers CA5998 [205.07 ppm], CA5989 [378.71 ppm], CA5988 [593.64 ppm], CA5980 [792.51 ppm], CA5984 [1036.95 ppm], & CA5940 [1533.7 ppm]) is run through the analyzer before and after every ten seawater samples. The standards were obtained from Scott-Marin and referenced against primary standards purchased from C.D. Keeling in 1991, which are on the WMO-78 scale. Prior to station 60, many values at depths from 400 to 2000 meters were higher than the highest standard (1533.7 ppm). For this reason, these values have been flagged as "questionable" (3) for the time being, but after further quality control it is likely that many if not most of these values will be flagged as "good" (2). For most of the stations after 155, nearly all of the samples were within the range of only two standards: 792.51 ppm and 1036.95 ppm. The calculation of pCO2 in water from the headspace measurement involves several steps. The CO2 concentrations in the headspace are determined via a second-degree polynomial fit using the nearest three standard concentrations. Corrections for the water vapor concentration, the barometric pressure, and the changes induced in the carbonate equilibrium by the headspace-water mass transfer are made. The corrected results are reported at the analytical temperature and at a reference temperature of 20 deg.C. No instrumental problems occurred during the cruise. The relatively time- consuming analyses and the presence of only one analyst limited the spatial coverage. Sampling and analyses focused on precision and accuracy rather than high throughput. 3.8. DIC MEASUREMENTS The DIC analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing container modified for use as a shipboard laboratory. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (PMEL-1 and PMEL-2) operated simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer (UIC, Inc.) coupled with a SOMMA (Single Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer) inlet system developed by Ken Johnson [John85, John87, John93] ; [John92] of Brookhaven National Laboratory. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by the acidification of the seawater sample [Dick07]. The evolved CO2 gas is carried into the titration cell of the coulometer, where it reacts quantitatively with ethanolamine to generate hydroxyethylcarbamic acid. A color indicator in the coulometer solution fades with the absorption of CO2, thereby stimulating the hydrolytic production of a base (hydroxide ions, OH-), which stoichiometrically titrates the hydroxyethylcarbamic acid. CO2 is thus measured by integrating the total coulometric OH- production required to achieve full titration. Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting and titrating aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by way of an 8-port valve outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1 and ~3 mL) [Wilk93]. The instruments were calibrated with two pairs of gas loop injections each time a new coulometer cell was prepared. Secondary standards were also run throughout the cruise on each analytical system at the beginning of each cell. These standards are Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) consisting of poisoned, filtered, and UV irradiated seawater supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and their accuracy is determined shoreside manometrically (http://andrew.ucsd.edu/co2qc/). If replicate samples collected from the same Niskin and analyzed within the same batch were different by more than 2 µmol/kg, additional CRMs and/or gas loops were run in the middle or at the end of the batch. On this cruise, the overall accuracy for the CRMs on both instruments is shown in Table 3.8.0 and Figures 3.8.0 and 3.8.1. Preliminary DIC data reported to the database have not yet been corrected to the Batch 84 CRM value (certified DIC value = 2001.23 µmol/kg), but a more careful quality assurance to be completed shoreside will result in final data being corrected to the secondary standard on a per-instrument basis. Table 3.8.0 Average values for CRMs and replicates on both SOMMA systems. _____________________________________________________________________________ | PMEL-1 | PMEL-2 | leg1 leg2 | leg1 leg2 ----------------------------------|--------------------|------------------- Number of CRMs: | 68 50 | 65 51 CRM average (µmol/kg): | 2005.35 2005.69 | 2002.15 2000.64 CRM standard deviation (µmol/kg): | +/- 1.75 +/-1.51 | +/- 1.64 +/-1.78 Number of replicates: | 118 137 | 138 131 Replicate average difference | 0.765 0.705 | 0.676 0.761 from the mean (µmol/kg): | | _____________________________________________________________________________ Figure 3.8.0 Values for CRMs measured on system PMEL-1 before and after valve 5 was replaced. The red line represents the certified CRM value. Figure 3.8.1 Values for CRMs measured on system PMEL-2 throughout the cruise. The red line represents the certified CRM value. Samples were drawn from the Niskin-type bottles into cleaned, precombusted 300-mL Pyrex bottles using silicone tubing. Bottles were rinsed twice and filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume. Care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. The tube was pinched to stop flow and withdrawn, creating a 6-mL headspace. A small volume (0.2 mL) of 50% saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative. The sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease. DIC values were reported for 2711 samples or approximately 82% of the tripped bottles on leg 1 and 2014 or 82% of the tripped bottles on leg 2. Full profiles were completed at every other station, with partial profiles collected at intervening stations. Partial profiles focused on the upper 1300 m of the water column, with fewer samples taken from deeper depths. Two to four sets of duplicate samples were taken from all casts from bottles collected at the surface, bottom, oxygen minimum, and 3000 m depths on all casts (in order of preference). Duplicate samples were interspersed throughout the station analysis for quality assurance of the coulometer cell solution integrity. In total, duplicate samples were drawn from 272 bottles on leg one and 268 bottles on leg two. The average absolute value of the difference between duplicates was 0.71 µmol/kg for both systems on leg one and 0.73 on leg two, with values for each system shown in Table 8.0. No systematic differences between the replicates were observed. During this cruise, SOMMA system PMEL-1 experienced problems with valve 5, which required the replacement of tubing leading to the calibrated pipette, as well as valve 5 itself. The volume of the pipette will be recalibrated and the change in total pipette volume will be corrected for in the final data quality assurance process. 3.9. DISCRETE PH ANALYSES Sampling Samples were collected in 10 cm cylindrical glass spectrophotometric cells, cleaned and then incubated to 25.0 deg.C. Analysis pH (µmol/kg H2O) was measured using a Agilent 8453 spectrophotometer according to the methods outlined by Clayton and Byrne [Clay93]. A RTE17 waterbath maintained spectrophotometric cell temperature at 25.0 deg.C. The sulfonephthalein indicator m-cresol purple (mCP) was injected into the spectrophotometric cells using a Gilmont microburette, and the absorbance of light was measured at three different wavelengths (434 nm, 578 nm, 730 nm). The ratios of absorbances at the different wavelengths were input and used to calculate pH on the total and seawater scales, incorporating temperature and salinity into the equations. The equations of Dickson and Millero [Dick87], Dickson and Riley [Dick79], and Dickson [Dick90] were used to convert pH from total to seawater scales. Salinity data were obtained from the conductivity sensor on the CTD. These data were later corroborated by shipboard measurements. Temperature of the samples was measured immediately after spectrophotometric measurements using a Guildline 9540 digital platinum resistance thermometer. Reagents The mCP indicator dye was a concentrated solution of 2.0 mM with an R = 1.61350. Standardization The precision of the data can be assessed from measurements of duplicate samples, certified reference material (CRM) Batch 84 (Dr. Andrew Dickson, UCSD), which calculated pH is 7.8461 on the seawater scale and at 25 deg.C, and TRIS buffers. CRMs and TRIS buffers were measured approximately every half cast. Data Processing Addition of the indicator affects the pH of the sample, and the degree to which pH is affected is a function of the pH difference between the seawater and indicator. Therefore, a correction is applied for each batch of dye. To obtain this correction factor, samples throughout the cruise were measured after two consecutive additions of mCP. From these two measurements, a change in absorbance ratio per mL of mCP indicator is calculated. R was calculated using the absorbance ratio (Rm) measured after the initial indicator addition from: R = Rm + (-0.00173 + 0.000382 Rm) Vind (1) R = Rm + (-0.00254 + 0.000571 Rm) Vind (2) where Vind is the volume of mCP used. Clayton and Byrne [Clay93] calibrated the mCP indicator using TRIS buffers [Rame77] and the equations of Dickson [Dick93]. These equations are used to calculate pHt, the total scale in units of moles per kilogram of solution. Approximately every other station was partially sampled. Samples from these "half-casts" were used for the indicator correction calculations. Table 3.9.0 Preliminary quality control of pH. _________________________________________________ Overall Leg1 Leg2 ----------------------- ------- ---- ---- Total number of samples 4548 2558 1990 Questionable (QC=3) 54 45 9 Bad (QC=4) 30 25 5 Lost (QC=5) 14 6 8 Duplicate (QC=6) 587 278 209 _________________________________________________ Table 3.9.1 Preliminary accuracy and precision of pH ___________________________________________________________________ Leg 1 Leg 2 ------------------------ ------------------------ CRM 7.8306 +/- 0.0180 (n=43) 7.8334 +/- 0.0062 (n=13) TRIS Buffer 7.9069+/- 0.0149 (n=43) 7.9407+/- 0.0213 (n=31) Duplicates +/- 0.0054 (n=258) +/- 0.0051 (n=200) ___________________________________________________________________ Figure 3.9.0 pH Replicate Precision Problems The TRIS buffers were sometimes cloudy, indicating a possible source of error in the readings. 3.10. TOTAL ALKALINITY ANALYSES Sampling All stations were sampled with the exception of station 064 and 121 due to the need for cell repairs and recalibration. The sampling scheme was roughly an alternation between full (36 Niskins) and partial (18 Niskins) casts. When the 24 bottle roset was used all niskens were sampled. Only 3 samples were taken from stations 117-119 due to cell repairs. All casts had 3 duplicate samples drawn; one from the bottom Niskin, oxygen minimum, and surface Niskin. Samples were drawn from 10-l Niskin bottles into 500 ml borosilicate flasks using silicone tubing that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed a minimum of two times and filled from the bottom, overflowing half of a volume while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. Approximately 15 ml of water was withdrawn from the flask by arresting the sample flow and removing the sampling tube, thus creating a small expansion volume and reproducible headspace. The sample bottles were sealed at a ground glass joint with a glass stopper. The samples were thermostated at 25 deg.C before analysis. Table 3.10.0 Preliminary quality control of total alkalinity ____________________________________________________ leg 1 leg 2 Combined ----------------------- ----- ----- -------- Total number of samples 2459 1795 4254 Questionable (QC=3) 9 12 21 Bad (QC=4) 13 37 50 Not Reported (QC=5) 20 54 74 Duplicate (QC=6) 283 147 430 ____________________________________________________ Analyzer Description The total alkalinity of seawater (TAlk) was evaluated from the proton balance at the alkalinity equivalence point, pHequiv = 4.5 at 25 deg.C and zero ionic strength in one kilogram of sample. The method utilizes a multi-point hydrochloric acid titration of seawater according to the definition of total alkalinity [Dick81]. The potentiometric titrations of seawater not only give values of TAlk but also those of DIC and pH, respectively from the volume of acid added at the first end point and the initial emf, E0. Two titration systems, A and B were used for TAlk analysis. Each of them consists of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator, an Orion 720A pH meter and a custom designed plexiglass water-jacketed titration cell [Mill93]. Both the seawater sample and acid titrant were temperature equilibrated to a constant temperature of 25 +/- 0.1 deg.C with a water bath (Neslab, model RTE-17). The water-jacketed cell is similar to the cells used by Bradshaw and Brewer [Brad88] except a larger volume (~200 ml) is employed to increase the precision. Each cell has a fill and drain valve which increases the reproducibility of the volume of sample contained in the cell. A typical titration recorded the EMF after the readings became stable (deviation less than 0.09 mV) and then enough acid was added to change the voltage a pre-assigned increment (13 mV). A full titration (~25 points) takes about 20 minutes. The electrodes used to measure the EMF of the sample during a titration consisted of a ROSS glass pH electrode (Orion, model 810100) and a double junction Ag, AgCl reference electrode (Orion, model 900200). Reagents A single 50-l batch of ~0.25 m HCl acid was prepared in 0.45 m NaCl by dilution of concentrated HCl, AR Select, Mallinckrodt, to yield a total ionic strength similar to seawater of salinity 35.0 (I ~= 0.7 M). The acid was standardized by a coulometric technique [Mari68] [Tayl59] and verified with alkalinity titrations on seawater of known; alkalinity. Furthermore, Andrew Dickson's laboratory performed an independent determination of the acid molality on sub-samples. The calibrated molarity of the acid used was 0.2648 +/- 0.0001 M HCl. The acid was stored in 500-ml glass bottles sealed with Apiezon(R) L grease for use at sea. Standardization The volumes of the cells used were determined to +/-0.03 ml during the initial steam from San Diego to the test station by multiple titrations using seawater of known total alkalinity and CRM. Calibrations of the burette of the Dosimat with water at 25 deg.C indicate that the systems deliver 3.000 ml (the approximate value for a titration of 200 ml of seawater) to a precision of +/- 0.0004 ml, resulting in an error of +/- 0.3 µmol/kg in TAlk. The reproducibility and precision of measurements are checked using low nutrient surface seawater and Certified Reference Material (Dr. Andrew Dickson, Marine Physical Laboratory, La Jolla, California), Batch 84. CRM's were utilized in order to account for instrument drift and to maintain measurement precision. Opened CRM bottles, referred to as "old" were provided by the DIC analysts. These opened bottles were used to rinse the cell before using the new CRM bottles. Duplicate analyses provide additional quality assurance and were taken from the same Niskin bottle. Duplicates were either both measured on system A, both on system B, or one each on A and B. The assigned values of the Certified Reference Material provided by A. Dickson of SIO is: Batch Total Alkalinity Salinity 84 2201.01+/-0.41 µmol/kg 33.391 Data Processing An integrated program controls the titration, data collection, and the calculation of the carbonate parameters (TAlk, pH, and DIC). The program is patterned after those developed by Dickson [Dick81], Johansson and Wedborg [Joha82], and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE94]. The program uses a Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least-squares algorithm to calculate the TAlk, DIC, and from the potentiometric titration data. Table 3.10.1 Comparison of the measured alkalinity of the CRM and the certified value ______________________________________________________________________________ CRM-Leg1 Instrument A Instrument B ------------------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- Total number of sets 86 75 Standard deviation (new) +/- 23.8 µmol/kg (n=45) +/- 20.9 µmol/kg (n=40) Standard deviation (old) +/- 23.3 µmol/kg (n=45) +/- 22.0 µmol/kg (n=35) - CRM-Leg2 Instrument A Instrument B ------------------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- Total number of sets 40 36 Standard deviation (new) +/- 7.4 µmol/kg (n=4) +/- 2.1 µmol/kg (n=4) Standard deviation (old) +/- 11.7 µmol/kg (n=36) +/- 10.7 µmol/kg (n=31) ______________________________________________________________________________ Table 3.10.2 Comparison of total alkalinity from the same Niskin bottle _____________________________________________________________________________ Replicates Leg1 Instrument A Instrument B Between Systems ------------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------- Number of sets used 88 54 55 Standard deviation +/- 1.4 µmol/kg +/- 1.5 µmol/kg +/- 2.7 µmol/kg Replicates Leg2 Instrument A Instrument B Between Systems ------------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------- Number of sets used 59 36 41 Standard deviation +/- 1.7 µmol/kg +/- 2.4 µmol/kg +/- 2.5 µmol/kg _____________________________________________________________________________ Note: Outliers were determined if the differences were one and a half times larger than the standard deviation. The number omitted is the difference between the total number of set and the sets used. Problems The electrodes on both systems became uncalibrated soon after recalibrating the cell volume. This caused CRM values to be different from the certified value and so the standard deviation of CRM values is high. We used the ratio between our value and the certified value of total alkalinity to correct all samples on the stations directly before and after each set of CRM's was run. By using this correction we did not have to routinely recalibrate the cell volume. For Station 50 on system B the Dosimat screw cap was not airtight and so bubbles were allowed into the acid line which caused the data to be bad. After this station, we replaced the acid bottle with a volumetric flask sealed at the top with a thick layer of parafilm. For Station 74 the pH meter on system B did not work properly due to a loose connection inside the instrument. Unfortunately we did not catch this problem until after the samples were run and the data were analyzed. Upon opening the pH meter we found a burnt connection and so we replaced the pH meter. Occasionally, if the two systems were filling their cells at the same time, the piston on instrument B would fail to register that the cell is full and so the sample drained and would be lost. Sporadically, a solenoid valve at the bottom of the titration cell would fail to engage or disengage, resulting in the loss of the sample or a failed titration due to a poor rinse or an air bubble. At the begining of leg 2 the volumetric flask used to hold the acid on system B was replaced with a new dosimat bottle. Leaks in the cells on both systems were also repaired and the cell volumes recalibrated while steaming to the first station of leg 2. The electrodes on system B were also replaced. At station 116 the titrations which normally take around 20 min each started to take much longer, some over 3 hours, due to the pH meter not becoming stable enough (deviation less than 0.9 mV) to take a reading . It was determined that the stirrer on system B was causing interference with the pH meters and was replaced begining with station 120. 3.11. C-13/C-14 Sampling Program 13C/14C surface water samples were drawn routinely from the rosette casts, about every 1 degree of latitude. Vertical profiles of ~18 depths were collected at ~25 stations. Samples were collected in 500 ml glass stoppered bottles. First, the stopper was removed from the dry flask and placed aside. Using silicone tubing, the flasks were rinsed three times with the water sample from the Niskin bottle. While keeping the tubing touching the bottom of the flask, the flask was filled and allowed to overflow about half its volume. Once the sample was taken, a small amount (~30 cc) of water was removed to create a headspace and ~0.2 cc of a 50% saturated mercuric chloride solution was added. This was the same supply and amount of mercuric chloride solution as used with the DIC samples. Then the neck of the flask was carefully dried up using Kimwipes. The stopper, previously lubricated with 4 lines of Apiezon grease, was inserted into the bottle. The stopper was examined to insure that the grease formed a smooth and continuous film between the flask and bottle. A plastic clip was used to secure the stopper to the flask and two rubber bands were wrapped over the bottle to further secure the stopper. The filled bottles were stored inside the ship's laboratory to minimize temperature changes. The samples will be analyzed in the laboratory of Paul Quay (University of Washington, pdquay@u.washington.edu ). 3.12. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) DOC samples were collected by Stacy Brown on leg 1 and Charles Farmer on leg 2 for analysis by Dennis Hansell of Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS). A total of approximately 1500 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) samples were collected from every other station during Leg 1. 1221 samples were collected during Leg 2. The total number of samples collected during the entire P18 cruise is ~3720. Data will be available approximately seven months after sample arrival at RSMAS. Sampling All samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottles. Because particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations in the surface waters can be elevated, samples collected from the upper 250 m were filtered. Water was filtered through a combusted GF/F housed in an acid-washed polycarbonate filter cartridge attached directly the Niskin bottle spigot with silicon tubing. Water below 250 m was not filtered because greater than 98% or the total organic carbon is DOC. All samples were collected directly into an acid washed and high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles (60 ml) flushed with Nanopure. Samples were immediately placed upright in a -20'C freezer and samples were shipped to shore laboratory packed in dry ice. All samples were kept frozen at -20 deg.C in an organic (volatile) free environment. The first approximately 1000 samples taken freeze-thawed one time, which will most likely not affect the integrity of the sample. Analysis Samples will be analyzed via the high-temperature combustion technique using Shimadzu TOC-V systems with total nitrogen chemiluminescent detection. Samples will be sparged of inorganic carbon by acidification with HCl and sparging with CO2-free gas for several minutes. A minimum of triplicate injections of 100 µl of sample will be injected onto a Pt alumina combustion catalyst heated to 680 deg.C. The CO2 signal will then be detected with a non-dispersive infra-red detector. Total nitrogen is converted to NOx and detected via chemiluminescence. 3.13. Chromophoric DOM 3.13.1. Project Goals Our goals are to determine chromophoric dissolved matter (CDOM) distributions over a range of oceanic regimes on selected sections of the CO2/CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography survey, and to quantify and parameterize CDOM production and destruction processes with the goal of mathematically constraining the cycling of CDOM. CDOM is a poorly characterized organic matter pool that interacts with sunlight, leading to the production of climate-relevant trace gases, attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in the water column, and an impact upon ocean color that can be quantified using satellite imagery. We believe that the global distribution of CDOM in the open ocean is controlled by microbial production and solar bleaching in the upper water column, and relative rates of advection and remineralization in intermediate and deep waters. Furthermore, changes in the optical properties of CDOM and its relationship with DOC over time suggest the use of CDOM as an indicator of the prevalence of refractory DOC in the deep ocean. We are testing these hypotheses by a combination of field observation and controlled experiments. We are also interested in the deep-sea reservoir of CDOM and its origin and connection to surface waters and are making the first large-scale survey of the abundance of CDOM in the deep ocean. 3.13.2. Activities on P18 Profiling Instruments Once each day we cast a hand-deployed free-fall Satlantic MicroPro II multichannel UV/Visible spectroradiometer. This instrument has 11 upwelling radiance sensors and 11 downwelling irradiance sensors in wavelength bands ranging from 305 to 683 nm. In addition to pressure, the package measures X-Y tilt, internal and external temperatures and also mounts a WetLabs ECO chlorophyll fluorometer. The instrument is allowed to trail away behind the port-side stern, then free-falls to 150 m and is hand-recovered. Additionally a Satlantic multichannel UV/Visible spectroradiometer (SMSR) is mounted on the ship to measure the same wavelengths channels of surface irradiance concurrently with MicroPro casts. We are using the radiometric data to study the effects of CDOM on the underwater light environment, to validate satellite ocean radiance sensor data, and to develop new algorithms employing satellite and in situ optical sensor data to retrieve ocean properties such as CDOM light absorbance, chlorophyll concentration, and particulate backscattering. The following table summarizes the 54 MicroPro casts accomplished during P18. __________________________________________________________________________ P18 MicroPro Cast Start Position UTC Start End Depth Sta Latitude Longitude Date Time Time (m) --- ---------------------------- ----------- ----- ----- ----- 1 22 51.9995 N 109 59.9960 W 17-Dec-2007 21:27 21:30 100 6 21 24.8760 N 109 59.8900 W 18-Dec-2007 20:43 20:46 150 10 19 04.8290 N 109 59.9440 W 19-Dec-2007 19:59 20:03 141 14 16 45.0790 N 109 59.9780 W 20-Dec-2007 18:51 18:54 151 18 14 24.9820 N 110 00.0290 W 21-Dec-2007 19:52 19:55 135 21 12 40.0065 N 110 00.0100 W 22-Dec-2007 20:33 20:36 145 24 10 55.0530 N 110 00.0350 W 23-Dec-2007 18:37 18:40 130 28 8 35.0910 N 109 59.9760 W 24-Dec-2007 19:29 19:32 149 32 6 15.0280 N 110 00.0000 W 25-Dec-2007 21:08 21:12 147 35 4 30.0690 N 109 59.8440 W 26-Dec-2007 20:08 20:11 125 39 2 29.8210 N 110 00.6545 W 27-Dec-2007 19:37 19:40 126 46 0 39.7310 S 109 59.4280 W 30-Dec-2007 19:09 19:13 67 50 2 29.9070 S 110 00.0150 W 31-Dec-2007 19:41 19:45 150 54 4 29.7740 S 110 00.0895 W 01-Jan-2008 20:31 20:35 144 56 5 24.9700 S 109 25.2600 W 02-Jan-2008 18:10 18:14 148 997 8 00.4370 S 110 02.0660 W 03-Jan-2008 18:50 18:53 149 59 6 39.8910 S 107 40.7500 W 04-Jan-2008 19:03 19:06 147 63 8 19.9350 S 105 20.6310 W 05-Jan-2008 18:54 18:56 117 66 9 34.9290 S 103 35.2810 W 06-Jan-2008 19:07 19:11 156 69 11 09.9810 S 103 00.0160 W 07-Jan-2008 17:55 17:59 153 73 13 30.0180 S 103 00.0540 W 08-Jan-2008 20:57 21:01 152 76 15 14.9640 S 103 00.0380 W 09-Jan-2008 19:20 19:24 153 79 16 59.9900 S 103 00.0240 W 10-Jan-2008 17:36 17:40 151 82 18 45.0420 S 103 00.0240 W 11-Jan-2008 17:10 17:13 154 85 20 30.0460 S 103 00.0550 W 12-Jan-2008 17:37 17:41 155 88 22 15.0235 S 103 00.0030 W 13-Jan-2008 19:05 19:08 152 92 23 59.9810 S 103 00.0120 W 14-Jan-2008 17:28 17:32 164 94 25 44.9370 S 103 00.0240 W 15-Jan-2008 17:19 17:23 164 97 27 30.0110 S 102 59.9750 W 16-Jan-2008 18:41 18:45 168 100 29 14.9420 S 103 00.0170 W 23-Jan-2008 14:05 14:09 152 104 31 34.9850 S 103 00.0050 W 24-Jan-2008 15:24 15:28 152 108 33 54.7870 S 102 59.8170 W 25-Jan-2008 17:22 17:25 153 112 36 15.0050 S 102 59.9770 W 26-Jan-2008 18:13 18:16 153 116 38 34.9330 S 103 00.0730 W 27-Jan-2008 20:53 20:57 150 119 40 20.0560 S 102 59.9970 W 28-Jan-2008 19:34 19:38 152 122 42 04.9110 S 102 59.9880 W 29-Jan-2008 17:55 17:58 153 126 44 25.0100 S 103 00.0180 W 30-Jan-2008 20:37 20:40 152 129 46 10.0660 S 102 59.9180 W 31-Jan-2008 21:32 21:36 152 132 47 54.9915 S 103 00.0275 W 01-Feb-2008 20:14 20:17 162 134 48 56.4300 S 103 03.9510 W 02-Feb-2008 19:31 19:34 156 138 51 24.9965 S 102 59.9645 W 03-Feb-2008 19:23 19:26 167 140 52 34.8745 S 103 00.1495 W 04-Feb-2008 16:58 17:02 150 144 54 55.0110 S 102 59.8790 W 05-Feb-2008 20:03 20:06 150 147 56 40.0180 S 102 59.8600 W 06-Feb-2008 19:50 19:53 150 151 58 45.0555 S 102 59.9130 W 07-Feb-2008 21:17 21:21 140 153 59 45.0200 S 102 59.9560 W 08-Feb-2008 15:59 16:02 151 157 61 44.9960 S 102 59.9650 W 09-Feb-2008 18:26 18:29 151 161 63 44.9350 S 103 00.0690 W 10-Feb-2008 19:29 19:33 160 163 64 45.1315 S 102 59.8315 W 11-Feb-2008 16:16 16:20 155 167 66 45.0070 S 102 59.8710 W 12-Feb-2008 19:33 19:37 154 169 67 45.0090 S 102 59.9400 W 13-Feb-2008 13:45 13:49 147 173 67 00.0280 S 107 15.0115 W 16-Feb-2008 15:22 15:25 155 __________________________________________________________________________ On the core CTD we deploy a WetLabs UV fluorometer (Ex 370 nm, Em 460 nm), which stimulates and measures fluorescence of CDOM. We are evaluating the use of this instrument to supplement or enhance bottle CDOM measurements, as bottle samples often do not have the depth resolution needed to resolve the observed strong near-surface gradients in CDOM concentration, and on cruises such as this we are not able to sample CDOM on every station. Differences between the fluorescence and absorption profiles may reveal gradients in chemical composition of CDOM. The fluorometer has performed very well: problems with temperature compensation encountered on P16N have been corrected. Signal to noise ratios remain low for the open ocean areas that we are studying. This fluorometer is ganged to a WetLabs C-star 660 nm 0.25 m pathlength beam transmissometer belonging to Dr. Wilford Gardner, TAMU. The transmissometer is used to gauge particle load in the water column, which can be calibrated to produce estimates of particulate carbon. Decline of the particle load with depth can then be related to POC flux, another element of the carbon system. Both CDOM fluorometer and transmissometer were present on all cast taken with the primary 36 bottle CTD package. During the short periods during leg 1 and 2 when the 24 bottle CTD package was used, neither sensor was able to be attached. After the CTD wire problems on Station 153, the CDOM fluorometer was interfaced to the 24 bottle CTD package for the remaining station profiles. There was no suitable mounting location for the transmissometer, so it was not present for the rest of the CTD profiles. Bottle Samples CDOM is at present quantified by its light absorption properties. We are collecting samples of seawater for absorption spectroscopy on one deep ocean cast each day. CDOM is typically quantified as the absorption coefficient at a particular wavelength or wavelength range (we are using 325 nm). We determine CDOM at sea by measuring absorption spectra (280-730 nm) of 0.2µm filtrates using a liquid waveguide spectrophotometer through a 200 cm cell. A full profile of 60 ml samples were drawn from one mid-day CTD cast each day, into amber glass vials. Duplicate samples were collected at a rate of ca. 2 samples per cast. For Leg 1 RMS differences in absorption coefficient at 325 nm between the duplicate samples were just over 0.012 m-1, which is ca. 9% of the average absorption coefficient at that wavelength. For Leg 2 RMS differences in absorption coefficient at 325 nm between the duplicate samples were 0.01 m-1, which is ca. 12% of the average absorption coefficient at that wavelength. Because of the connections to light availability and remote sensing, we collect ca. 270 ml bottle samples in the top 250 m for Chlorophyll a analysis. In addition we collect ca. 2 L surface samples from the ship's uncontaminated seawater system for complete pigment analysis (HPLC) and spectrophotometric particulate absorption (AP). The sampled filters are preserved in liquid Nitrogen and will be returned to UCSB for later analysis. The Chlorophyll a samples are filtered, extracted in 90% acetone, and read on a Turner Designs 10-AU fluorometer. Determination is made of Chlorophyll a, the degradation product Phaeophytin a, and the sum of these two. Only Chlorophyll a concentrations are reported here. We are sporadically collecting 60 ml samples for DOM characterization, including carbohydrate and neutral sugar analysis (CDOM2C), and large volume (ca. 2 L) samples for CDOM photolysis experiments (CDOM3C) to compare the distribution of these quantities to that of CDOM. These analyses and the photolysis experiment will be performed at UCSB. Additionally every third day we collect ca. 2 L samples for POC analysis to compare with transmissometer data. The sampled filters are preserved in liquid Nitrogen and will be analyzed ashore. Leg 1 Problems Both the MicroPro and SMSR require slowly flowing seawater for cooling. During Leg 1 seawater was not available on the fantail for the MicroPro; it was available on the bow for the SMSR. To attempt to compensate for this a stagnant fresh water cooling bath was set up for the MicroPro, with ice carried to it about half an hour before deployment. Various problems with the ship's icemaker made ice unavailable for about 5 days total. As the table indicates, we had problems deploying the MicroPro to 150 m. At the beginning of the cruise we achieved casts to 150 m at 2 out of 18 stations. On January 6 we were able to convince the Captain to have the bridge take the ship off autopilot during the eight minutes the MicroPro was in the water. Casts from Jan 6th on reached 150 m or deeper at all 11 stations. Station 46 was hindered by a strong undercurrent of ~ 1 m/s. Early on the morning of December 29 the walk-in -20 C freezer failed, it was fixed later that day. Our DOM characterization samples (CDOM2C) from station 10 were stored in there, we think they'll be fine as they were insulated in a cooler. Our Barnstead NANOpure water system, which we use for CDOM spectrophotometry baselines, failed on January 1. We used Milli-Q water from the nutrient lab for the rest of the leg. Comparison tests were run on the spectrophotometer showing that Milli-Q is probably adequate. Results showed Barnstead water contains less CDOM than Optima Spectographic Reference Water, and Milli-Q water slightly more than Optima water. CDOM absorption coefficient data was noisy, especially below 1500 m, on the order of 0.08 m-1 at 325 nm. The cause remains unknown. Leg 2 Problems The Barnstead NANOpure water system was repaired during the turn-around at Easter Island and provided stable CDOM baseline data for all of leg 2. The CDOM sample noise in the lower water column was significantly better during leg 2 than on leg 1. We thank all of the water sampling personnel who used gloves and silicone tubing thereby reducing CDOM contamination of the CTD sample bottle spigots. A hose connected to the overboard outflow from the ship's uncontaminated sea water system was used to provide water flow for the cooling bath for the MicroPro. This allowed equilibration of the instrument to sea surface temperature prior to each optical cast. This will improve data quality during final processing back at UCSB. When air temperatures neared freezing, the cooling bath was emptied to avoid possible freezing. When the CDOM fluorometer was moved to the 24 bottle rosette package on Station 154, that profile was significantly different than previous profiles. The fluorometer had not been cleaned during the rapid switch over from the 36 bottle rosette package. Subsequent profiles were less different, but there appears to be a difference in profile shape which persisted for the remainder of the cruise. The cause is unknown at this point. Comparison to discrete CDOM samples should clarify the problem. 3.14. Nutrient Measurements Nutrient samples were collected from the Niskin bottles in acid-washed bottles after at least three seawater rinses, and sample analysis typically began within 1 hour of sample collection. Nutrients were analyzed with a continuous flow analyzer (CFA) using the standard and analysis protocols for the WOCE hydrographic program as set forth in the manual by L.I. Gordon, et al. [Gord93]. 5598 samples were taken at discrete depths and analyzed for phosphate (PO4-), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2) and orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4). Nitrite was determined by diazotizing the sample with sulfanilamide and coupling with N-1 naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye. The color produced is measured at 540 nm. Samples for nitrate analysis were passed through a cadmium column, which reduced nitrate to nitrite and the resulting nitrite concentration (i.e. the sum of nitrate + nitrite which is signified as N+N) was then determined as described above. Nitrate concentrations were determined from the difference of N+N and nitrite. Phosphate was determined by reacting the sample with molybdic acid at a temperature of 55 deg.C to form phosphomolybdic acid. This complex was subsequently reduced with hydrazine, and the absorbance of the resulting phosphomolybdous acid was measured at 820 nm. Silicic acid was analyzed by reacting the sample with molybdate in an acidic solution to form molybdosilicic acid. The molybdosilicic acid was then reduced with SnCl2 to form molybdenum blue. The absorbance of the molybdenum blue was measured at 820 nm. A mixed stock standard consisting of silicic acid, phosphate and nitrate was prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (KNO3, KH2PO4 and Na2SiF6) in deionized water using a two step dilution for phosphate and nitrate. This standard was stored at room temperature. A nitrite stock standard was prepared about every 10 days by dissolving NaNO2 in distilled water, and this standard was stored in the refrigerator. Working standards were freshly made at each station by diluting the stock solutions in low nutrient seawater. Mixed standards were verified against standards purchased from Ocean Scientific. A typical analytical run consisted of distilled water blanks, standard blanks, working standards, a standard from the previous run, a deep sample from the previous run, samples, replicates, working standards, and standard and distilled water blanks. Replicates were usually run for the 3 deepest Niskin bottles from each cast, plus any samples with questionable peaks. The standard deviation of these replicates was used to estimate the overall precision of the method which was <1% full scale. During the cruise, pump tubes were changed four times, linearity was checked six times, and there were 19 measurements of the refractive index. Table 3.14.0 Precision of Nutrient Measurements. ______________________________________________________________________ | Phosphate | Silicic Acid | Nitrate --------------------------------|-----------|--------------|-------- Number of replicates | 491 | 489 | 488 --------------------------------|-----------|--------------|-------- Average standard deviation (µM) | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.1 --------------------------------|-----------|--------------|-------- Percent deviation | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.2% ______________________________________________________________________ Temperatures in the ship's bioanalytical laboratory fluctuated with temperatures ranging from 17.2 deg.C to 25.3 deg.C with an average temperature of (20.9+/-1.9 deg.C); however, temperatures were generally stable during an individual analytical run. On leg one, a 24-channel Ismatec pump failed and was replace with an identical spare pump. On leg 2, an Alpkem sampler using 35 ml polyethelene sample bottles failed and was replaced with a Westco CS9000 sampler that used 20 ml plastic sample bottles. 3.15. Silica-32 Samples Water samples were collected at six stations for analysis of 32Si ashore. The filters originally provided (Spritzenfilter PTFE 25 mm/0.2 micron) only produced a flow of a few drops per minute when connected by a ~50 cm length of tubing to the Niskin bottle spigots. This was not an adequate flow rate to allow filling the 50 cc plastic sample vials. As an alternate, a sampling system used by the RSMAS DOC group was used to collect the samples. This consisted of a ~50 cm length of silicone tubing with a filter holder on the end containing a 47 mm diameter GFF filter. The tubing was connected to the bottle spigot and a small vent near the filter opened to allow rapid initial flushing of the upper side of the filter. The vent was then closed and the water passing through the filter used to rinse (3 times) and fill the sample vials. A single GFF filter was used to collect 2 profiles on Leg 1 and another filter was used to collect 4 profiles on leg 2. The GFF filters were saved so they could be tested later for possible contamination problems. 3.16. 15N and 18O Analysis of Nitrate 15N and 18O samples were collected by Stacy Brown on leg 1 and Charles Farmer on leg 2 for analysis by Mark Altabet, School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, New Bedford MA (maltabet@umassd.edu). A total of 1463 samples were collected from stations during the entire P18 cruise, with 418 being collected on leg 2. For information regarding availability of data, please contact Mark Altabet. Sampling All samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottles into 125 ml low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles that were preloaded with dilute HCl as a preservative. Additionally, 300 bottles also contained an additional reagent (sulfanilic acid) to bind expected high levels of Nitrite. Generally the shallowest 20 depths were sampled in the upper 1200 meters of a cast except every 10 deg of latitude where all depths were sampled. Samples were stored at room temperature until they were returned to Mark Altabet's laboratory. Analysis Samples will be analyzed by Mark Altabet. For more information regarding the analyses, please contact Mark Altabet directly. 3.17. Salinity Analysis Equipment and Techniques A single Guildline Autosal Model 8400B salinometer (S/N 61668), located in the aft Hydro lab, was used for all salinity measurements. A second Guildline Autosal 8400B (S/N 68807, PMEL) was set up midway through the cruise as a backup, and was used to run several duplicate sample boxes. The salinometers were connected to computer interfaces for computer-aided measurement. Both Autosals' water bath temperatures were set to 24 deg.C, which the Autosals are designed to automatically maintain. The laboratory's temperature was also set and maintained to just below 24 deg.C, to help further stabilize reading values and improve accuracy. Salinity analyses were performed after samples had equilibrated to laboratory temperature, usually within 12 to 24 hours after collection. The salinometers were standardized for each group of samples analyzed (usually 1-2 casts and up to 74 samples) using two bottles of standard seawater: one at the beginning and end of each set of measurements. The salinometer outputs were logged to a computer file by the interface software, which prompted the analyst to flush the instrument's cell and change samples when appropriate. For each sample, the salinometer cell was initially flushed at least 4 times before a set of conductivity ratio readings were taken. Standards IAPSO Standard Seawater Batch P-147 was used to standardize all casts. Sampling and Data Processing 5708 salinity measurements were taken and approximately 200 vials of standard seawater (SSW) were used. A duplicate sample was drawn for each cast in order to confirm sampling accuracy. The salinity samples were deposited into 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate bottles, which were initially rinsed a minimum of three times with sample water prior to filling. The bottles were sealed with custom- made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps. This assembly provides very low container dissolution and sample evaporation. Prior to sample collection, inserts were inspected for proper fit and loose inserts replaced to insure an airtight seal. Laboratory temperature was also monitored electronically throughout the cruise. PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was calculated for each sample from the measured conductivity ratios. The offset between the initial standard seawater value and its reference value was applied to each sample. Then the difference (if any) between the initial and final vials of standard seawater was applied to each sample as a linear function of elapsed run time. The corrected salinity data was then incorporated into the cruise database. CTD salinities on P18-2007/8 started off 0.003 low compared to P18-1994 deep data, and bottle salinities 0.003-4 high over the duration of the cruise. A second Autosal was set up partway through the first leg to verify that the primary Autosal was working properly, and the replicates agreed well. Comparisons of I9N and P18 with historical data (both recent cruises used the same standard seawater (SSW) batch) suggested that corrections to the IAPSO standard seawater batch and salinity values for P18-1994 all point to bottle salinities from this cruise being within WOCE specs. The latest IAPSO SSW comparison paper [Kawa06] recommends a +0.0020 correction to batch P-114 (used on P18-1997) and related salinity data, based on using recent batches with better accuracy as the "standards". The P18-2007/8 SSW batch P-147 was not available at the time the paper was written. However, batch P-147 was also used during I8S/I9N in 2007. After applying the Kawano et al. suggested +0.0006 correction for SSW batch P-126 to I9N-1995 data, I9N-2007 salinity data are +0.0005 to +0.001 higher than 1995 data. Personal communication with the author [Kawa07] confirmed that batch P-147 has been recently analyzed, and warrants a -0.0005 correction when compared with other recent standards. If standard batch corrections were applied to P18-2007/8 and P18-1994 data, the residual deep salinity difference between the two P18 cruises (2007/8 minus 1994) would be ~0 to +0.001, suggesting that P18 bottle salinity data are within WOCE specifications of +/-0.002. Laboratory Temperature The temperature in the salinometer laboratory varied from 22.5 to 23.5 deg.C during the cruise. The air temperature change during any particular run varied from -0.5 to +0.5 deg.C. The only exception was during the analysis of salinities for stations 168 and 169: the laboratory temperature did deviate from the ideal range due to Brown air conditioner failure, rising to just below 26 deg.C. 3.18. Density Sampling Density samples were taken approximately every 5 degrees of latitude on Leg 1 and at a higher resolution on Leg 2. (Stations 2, 8, 17, 26, 34, 44, 55, 67, 76, 84, 110, 120, 128, 134, 140, 149, 157, 165, and 173). Eighteen bottles were drawn from each cast of 36 and 24 Niskins. The samples were drawn through a teflon tube to the neck of 125 mL HDPE bottles. These samples will be analyzed for density and re-analyzed for salinity back in Miami. 4. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS The shipboard computing system (SCS) logs all data routinely acquired by the permanent shipboard sensors including TSG, rain, meteorological parameters, and ship speed and course. The data are logged at 30-second intervals and are available from the chief scientist. Weather observations (ship position, cloud cover and type, visibility, wind speed and direction, sea state, wave height and direction, surface water temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wet and dry bulb air temperature) were recorded manually at hourly intervals by the bridge and during each hydrocast. Copies of these data log sheets are available from the Chief Scientist. The following underway measurements were recorded at intervals of 30 seconds using the SCS. 'Output' is the file name of the stored data. Output: POSITION Date, Time Position (Latitude, Longitude) Gyro (Degrees) Speed over ground (SOG) Course over ground (COG) Output: TSG Thermosalinograph (TSG): Temperature Conductivity Salinity IMET SST Fluoro-Val Output: WIND IMET Relative Wind Speed2 Relative Wind Direction2 IMET True Wind Speed2 True Wind Direction2 Output: WX-OBS IMET Relative Humidity Temperature Shortwave Longwave Baro-Corrected Sea Level Pressure Output: RAIN IMET Rain1: Stb02 Rain2: Port02 Rain3: Stbd03 Precip (mm/hr) 4.1. UNDERWAY PCO2 SYSTEM During the CLIVAR P18 cruise, an automated underway pCO2 system from AOML was situated in the Hydro Lab aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown. This system has been collecting data on the Brown since 1999. The system runs on an hourly cycle during which 3 gas standards, 3 ambient air samples, and 8 headspace gas samples from the equilibrator are analyzed (see table 4.1.0). The standard gases used on this cruise were serial numbers CA6745 (289.06 ppm), CA5398 (370.90 ppm), and CA6352 (514.29 ppm). They were purchased from NOAA/ESRL in Boulder, CO and are directly traceable to the WMO scale. Table 4.1.0 Hourly sampling cycle for the underway pCO2 system (version 2.5). ______________________________________________________________ Minutes after the Hour Sample ---------------------- ----------------------------------- 4 Low standard 8 Mid standard 12 High standard 16.5 Water (= headspace of equilibrator) 21 Water 25.5 Water 30 Water 34 Air (marine air from the bow line) 38 Air 42 Air 46.5 Water 51 Water 55.5 Water 60 Water ______________________________________________________________ The system uses an equilibrator based on a design by Weiss where surface seawater from the bow intake is equilibrated with headspace gas. The approximate volume of the equilibrator is 15 liters, about half of which is filled with seawater. The approximate flow rate through the equilibrator is 10 - 12 liters per minute. The equilibrator headspace is circulated through a LI-COR(R) model 6251 non-dispersive infrared analyzer (IR) and then returned to the equilibrator. When ambient air or standard gas is analyzed the output of the LI-COR(R) sample cell is vented to the lab rather than the equilibrator. The system uses a KNF pump to draw air from the bow mast through 100 meters of 0.95 cm OD Dekoron(R) tubing at a rate of 6 - 8 liters per minute. A filter of glass wool at the intake prevents particles from entering the gas stream. Two glass condensors chilled to 1 deg.C after the pumps remove water vapor from the headspace and air gas streams. A column of magnesium perchlorate downstream of the condensors removes any residual water vapor. Fifteen seconds before the end of each measurement phase (headspace, air, or standard gas), gas flow is stopped to allow the sample cell of the IR analyzer to reach ambient pressure and the measurements are taken 10 seconds after the gas flow is stopped. A custom developed program running under LabVIEW controls the system and graphically displays the results. The program records the output and temperature of the LI-COR(R), the water flow, the gas flows, the equilibrator temperature, the barometric pressure, the GPS position and the temperature and salinity from a Sea-Bird Micro TSG(R) located in the sink in the Hydro Lab in addition to several other sensors. It writes all of this data to the output file at the end of each measurement phase. The details of the instrumental design can be found in Wanninkhof and Thoning [Wann93], Ho et al. [Ho97], and Feely et al. [Feel98]. Coming out of San Diego, air values were running about 15 - 20 ppm higher than expected. Since the operator was also involved in collecting and analyzing discrete pCO2 samples, minimal time was allotted to troubleshooting the problem. Eventually it was determined that the solenoid valve which stops the gas flow before measurements are recorded had failed and that standard gas flow was insufficient to flush out the sample cell of the IR analyzer, resulting in bad calibration curves. For these reasons, data before January 9th are not correct. Since gas flow of ambient air and headspace gas was adequate for the entire cruise, it may be possible to correct the data at a later date. 5. DRIFTER DEPLOYMENT A total of twelve SVP drifters and five SVP-barometer drifters provided by the Global Drifter Program were deployed during the cruise. Ten SVP drifters were deployed during leg 1. Two SVP drifters and five SVP- barometer drifters were deployed during leg 2. The SVP-barometer drifters were those deployed at and south of ~50 S. On both legs of the cruise each drifter was removed from its plastic packaging immediately before deployment, and on leg 2 the magnet was also removed from the drifter just before deployment. During leg 1, drifters were deployed after the completion of the CTD station closest to the target deployment location, the ship re-positioned for the transit to the next station. Once the ship was re-positioned and began steaming at ~1 knot, the drifter was thrown off the fantail of the ship. On leg 2, some drifters were deployed from the fantail during steaming between stations to deploy them closer to the target deployment locations. The time and position of each drifter deployment was recorded and transmitted via e-mail to shaun.dolk@noaa.gov. The following seventeen drifters were deployed: ______________________________________________________________ Float Date Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude ID mm/dd/yy hh:mm DD mm.mm N/S DDD mm.mm E/W ------ -------- ---------- ------------ ------------- 71470 12/30/07 07:40 00 00.02 S 109 58.076 W 71467 01/01/08 05:36 03 00.94 S 110 00.00 W 71471 01/04/08 19:22 06 39.727 S 107 40.837 W 71468 01/06/08 11:31 09 09.982 S 104 10.424 W 71469 01/08/08 09:02 12 20.082 S 102 59.952 W 71466 01/09/08 22:51 15 15.025 S 103 00.024 W 71465 01/11/08 12:32 18 09.487 S 103 00.042 W 71464 01/13/08 04:34 21 05.043 S 102 57.993 W 71463 01/15/08 17:43 24 00.308 S 103 00.062 W 71462 01/16/08 10:33 26 55.019 S 103 00.007 W 71454 01/23/08 22:36 30 02.280 S 103 00.005 W 71456 01/25/08 05:08 32 50.984 S 103 00.003 W 70933 02/03/08 05:55 49 59.104 S 103 00.004 W 70937 02/05/08 06:05 54 02. S 102 59.837 W 70928 02/06/08 12:40 56 04.9 S 103 00.020 W 70929 02/09/08 07:00 60 58.862 S 103 00.000 W 70934 02/12/08 09:21 65 50.590 S 103 00.004 W ______________________________________________________________ 6. ARGO FLOAT DEPLOYMENTS Twenty-four Webb Research Corporation APEX profiling CTD floats were launched during this cruise at the request of Argo PI Dr. Gregory C. Johnson of NOAA/PMEL. (Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov). Eight floats were launched during leg 1 and another sixteen during leg 2. These floats are part of the Argo array, a global network of > 3000 profiling floats. The floats are designed to sink to a depth of about 1000m. They then drift freely at depth for about 10 days before sinking to 2000m, and then immediately rising to the surface, collecting CTD data as they rise. Conductivity, temperature, and pressure (hence salinity) are measured and recorded at about 73 levels during each float ascent. At the surface, before the next dive begins, the acquired data are transmitted to shore via satellite, and location fixes for the floats are estimated by satellite. The typical life time of the floats in the water is ~4 years. Information on the floats deployed during this cruise and other PMEL floats can be found on the PMEL Argo float web pages (http://floats.pmel.noaa.gov/). All Argo float data are made publicly available on the web in real-time (http://www.usgodae.org/argo/argo.html). All floats were checked in the ship's laboratory and started ~1-2 hours before deployment by passing a magnet over the 'reset' area of the float. Detailed logs of each float startup were kept and returned to PMEL. Each float was launched by carefully lowering it into the water using a hand- held line. Deployments were done after the completion of a hydrocast, immediately after the ship had turned to the course needed to proceed to the next station, and had begun steaming at ~1 kt. All floats were deployed successfully. Following each deployment, an e-mail was sent to pmel_floats@noaa.gov to report the float ID number, float reset time, exact float deployment time and location, closest CTD station number, and deployer name(s). Argo float deployment information is summarized in the table below. _______________________________________________________________ Float Time(UTC) Date Latitude Longitude ID hh:mm mm/dd/yy DD mm.mmm N/S DDD mm.mmm E/W ----- --------- -------- ------------- -------------- 3508 08:27 12/18/07 22 29.808 N 111 00.058 W 3006 08:14 12/19/07 20 14.924 N 109 59.929 W 3403 07:43 12/30/07 00 00.012 S 109 58.001 W 3362 00:54 12/31/07 00 59.879 S 109 59.987 W 3507 05:00 01/12/08 19 20.034 S 103 00.073 W 3389 04:37 01/13/08 21 05.101 S 102 59.985 W 3347 02:39 01/14/08 22 50.063 S 103 00.010 W 3398 01:10 01/15/08 24 34.987 S 103 00.066 W 3392 20:36 01/23/08 29 49.992 S 102 59.946 W 3505 22:02 01/24/08 32 10.074 S 102 59.931 W 3509 17:32 01/25/08 33 54.791 S 102 59.849 W 3394 18:25 01/26/08 36 15.002 S 102 59.919 W 3361 14:07 01/27/08 38 00.293 S 102 59.462 W 3506 12:24 01/28/08 39 45.125 S 103 00.052 W 3395 18:05 01/29/08 42 04.958 S 103 00.056 W 3396 16:20 01/30/08 43 49.909 S 102 59.965 W 3390 21:47 01/31/08 46 10.096 S 102 59.788 W 3391 20:28 02/01/08 47 54.991 S 102 59.981 W 3359 03:01 02/03/08 49 40.054 S 102 59.799 W 3397 10:20 02/04/08 51 59.980 S 103 00.022 W 2398 05:44 02/05/08 53 44.981 S 102 59.924 W 3387 12:21 02/06/08 56 04.977 S 103 00.020 W 3386 10:41 02/07/08 57 45.007 S 102 59.960 W 3385 16:14 02/08/08 59 45.164 S 102 59.778 W _______________________________________________________________ 7. XBT DEPLOYMENTS XBTs provided by Prof. Dean Roemmich of SIO were dropped during the cruise for purposes of evaluating fall rate errors in the equations used to convert the time elapsed since an XBT enters the water to depth. The goals of this study, designed by Dr. Gregory C. Johnson of NOAA/PMEL, are to assess possible variations in the XBT fall rate equation as a function of ship speed and to allow comparison of co-located XBT and CTD temperature- depth profiles. The study design called for dropping three XBTs before and during arrival at selected CTD stations. The first XBT was dropped as the ship passed over the station location at cruising speed, typically 12 or 9 kts. After the full XBT trace was collected, the ship turned and headed back toward the station location. As the ship approached the station for the second time and slowed, with a heading adjusted to that for the CTD deployment, a second XBT was dropped. The third XBT was dropped as the CTD was being deployed. Sometimes failed XBTs or operator error resulted in deviations from this procedure. Most of the XBT's were Sippican "Deep Blue" models, but the XBT's with 7 digit S/Ns starting in '02' were Sippican "T4" models, vintage 1968. During leg 1 only the last five digits of probe serial numbers were recorded, and during leg 2 the last seven digits were recorded. Also, differences in use of the XBT acquisition program during leg 1 and 2 appears to have resulted in different files being archived for the drops. The XBT drop times and dates listed below are from the XBT acquisition computer, and generally agree to within about one minute of those recorded in the ship's log, when XBT drop times and locations were recorded in the log. The drop locations and ship speeds are extracted from ship's GPS data assuming that the computer times are correct. The times and locations of the XBT drops are given below. Further information on this study can be obtained from Gregory C. Johnson (Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov). ______________________________________________________________________________________________ CTD XBT Drop date Time Latitude Longitude Speed Stn# S/N mm/dd/yy hh:mm Deg Min N/S Deg Min E/W Knots Filename ---- ----- --------- ----- ------------ ------------- ----- ---------------- 11 14634 12/19/07 22:48 18 29.7000 N 110 00.0047 W 12.4 X071219N01.txt 11 14635 12/19/07 22:52 18 29.1794 N 109 59.8669 W 6.3 X071219N02.txt 11 14636 12/19/07 23:08 18 29.9012 N 110 00.0079 W 0.3 X071219N03.txt 15 14631 12/20/07 22:37 16 09.8732 N 110 00.0037 W 8.7 X071220N01.txt 15 14632 12/20/07 22:54 16 09.9845 N 109 59.9942 W 0.4 X071220N02.txt 15 14633 12/20/07 23:06 16 09.9857 N 109 59.9948 W 0.3 X071220N03.txt 18 14625 12/21/07 19:29 14 24.8437 N 110 00.0051 W 7.0 X071221N01.txt 18 14626 12/21/07 19:48 14 24.9921 N 110 00.0159 W 0.3 X071221N02.txt 18 14627 12/21/07 20:03 14 24.9956 N 110 00.0126 W 0.4 X071221N03.txt 18 14628 12/21/07 20:06 14 24.9965 N 110 00.0101 W 0.6 X071221N04.txt 22 14629 12/23/07 00:41 12 04.7305 N 110 00.0050 W 9.0 X071223N01.txt 22 14630 12/23/07 00:56 12 05.0072 N 109 59.9948 W 0.3 X071223N02.txt 22 19989 12/23/07 01:01 12 05.0054 N 109 59.9904 W 0.2 X071223N03.txt 24 19990 12/24/07 15:48 08 34.7522 N 110 00.0022 W 11.8 X071224N01.txt 24 19991 12/24/07 16:05 08 35.0425 N 110 00.0281 W 2.5 X071224N02.txt 24 19992 12/24/07 16:10 08 35.0804 N 109 59.9805 W 0.3 X071224N03.txt 32 19993 12/25/07 20:49 06 14.8607 N 110 00.0039 W 11.5 X071225N01.txt 32 19994 12/25/07 20:57 06 14.6250 N 109 59.6333 W 6.2 X071225N02.txt 32 19995 12/25/07 21:03 06 14.9711 N 109 59.9498 W 2.2 X071225N03.txt 36 19996 12/26/07 22:58 03 59.7614 N 110 00.0031 W 11.9 X071226N01.txt 36 19997 12/26/07 23:13 04 00.0253 N 109 59.9882 W 0.2 X071226N02.txt 36 19997 12/26/07 23:18 04 00.0248 N 109 59.9877 W 0.2 X071226N03.txt 41 19999 12/28/07 23:51 01 29.7930 N 109 59.9975 W 7.8 X071228N01.txt 41 20000 12/29/07 00:05 01 29.9406 N 110 00.1123 W 4.0 X071229N01.txt 41 19893 12/29/07 00:11 01 30.0020 N 110 00.0430 W 1.0 X071229N02.txt 46 19894 12/30/07 15:30 00 40.1192 S 110 00.0028 W 9.2 X071230N01.txt 46 19895 12/30/07 15:49 00 40.0287 S 110 00.0758 W 0.6 X071230N02.txt 46 19896 12/30/07 16:05 00 40.0480 S 110 00.1525 W 1.2 X071230N03.txt 50 19897 12/31/07 19:19 02 30.1821 S 110 00.0033 W 7.3 X071231N01.txt 50 19898 12/31/07 19:35 02 29.9804 S 109 59.9900 W 0.9 X071231N02.txt 50 19899 12/31/07 19:54 02 29.9160 S 110 00.0014 W 0.5 X071231N03.txt 53 19900 01/01/08 14:08 04 00.1936 S 110 00.0037 W 11.3 X080101N01.txt 53 19901 01/01/08 14:27 03 59.9797 S 110 00.1285 W 0.4 X080101N02.txt 53 19902 01/01/08 14:37 03 59.9778 S 110 00.1297 W 0.3 X080101N03.txt 59 19903 01/04/08 15:55 06 40.1056 S 107 40.3893 W 12 X080104N01.txt 59 19904 01/04/08 16:09 06 39.9263 S 107 40.7150 W 0.1 X080104N02.txt 59 19749 01/04/08 16:17 06 39.9285 S 107 40.7142 W 0.4 X080104N03.txt 66 19750 01/06/08 15:10 09 35.0943 S 103 35.0708 W 11.8 X080106N01.txt 66 19751 01/06/08 15:23 09 34.9551 S 103 35.2601 W 1.9 X080106N02.txt 66 19752 01/06/08 15:32 09 34.9350 S 103 35.2700 W 0.4 X080106N03.txt 70 19753 01/07/08 22:06 11 45.1775 S 103 00.0055 W 8.9 X080107N01.txt 70 19754 01/07/08 22:18 11 44.9911 S 103 00.0332 W 0.4 X080107N02.txt 70 19755 01/07/08 22:24 11 44.9928 S 103 00.0361 W 0.3 X080107N03.txt 101 0111111 01/23/08 17:31 29 49.9917 S 102 59.9273 W 1.0 P180712r_008.SRP 102 0019758 01/23/08 23:35 30 25.2092 S 103 00.0036 W 11.9 P180712r_009.SRP 102 0019760 01/23/08 23:46 30 25.1544 S 102 59.8634 W 6.5 P180712r_010.SRP 102 0019756 01/23/08 23:53 30 24.9909 S 103 00.0335 W 0.4 P180712r_011.SRP 103 0020001 01/24/08 05:50 31 00.3517 S 103 00.0044 W 11.5 P180712r_012.SRP 103 0020002 01/24/08 06:00 30 59.9979 S 103 00.0173 W 0.6 P180712r_013.SRP 103 0102003 01/24/08 06:05 30 59.9964 S 103 00.0162 W 0.5 P180712r_014.SRP 104 0020004 01/24/08 12:06 31 35.1922 S 103 00.0037 W 12.0 P180712r_015.SRP 104 0020006 01/24/08 12:22 31 35.0216 S 102 59.9965 W 3.6 P180712r_016.SRP 104 0020007 01/24/08 12:30 31 34.9556 S 103 00.0300 W 0.4 P180712r_017.SRP 105 0020011 01/24/08 18:43 32 10.5664 S 103 00.0037 W 11.6 P180712r_018.SRP 105 0020011 01/24/08 18:59 32 10.0135 S 102 59.9669 W 0.4 P180712r_019.SRP 105 0209875 01/24/08 19:03 32 10.0110 S 102 59.9671 W 0.4 P180712r_020.SRP 106 0019805 01/25/08 01:18 32 45.4658 S 102 59.9982 W 10.4 P180712r_021.SRP 106 0020010 01/25/08 01:32 32 44.9254 S 102 59.9730 W 0.3 P180712r_022.SRP 107 0209881 01/25/08 07:55 33 20.0551 S 103 00.0631 W 0.4 P180712r_023.SRP 108 0019799 01/25/08 14:03 33 55.3152 S 103 00.0037 W 11.7 P180712r_024.SRP 108 0019800 01/25/08 14:16 33 54.9003 S 102 59.9717 W 4.1 P180712r_025.SRP 108 0209884 01/25/08 14:29 33 54.8183 S 102 59.8607 W 0.6 P180712r_026.SRP 109 0019806 01/25/08 20:46 34 29.9995 S 103 00.0051 W 11.3 P180712r_027.SRP 109 0019807 01/25/08 20:58 34 29.9260 S 102 59.9913 W 5.5 P180712r_028.SRP 109 0209885 01/25/08 21:07 34 29.6382 S 103 00.1097 W 0.4 P180712r_029.SRP 110 0019801 01/26/08 03:03 35 05.1816 S 103 00.0040 W 12.0 P180712r_030.SRP 110 0019802 01/26/08 03:16 35 05.0487 S 103 00.0410 W 0.9 P180712r_031.SRP 110 0209882 01/26/08 03:21 35 05.0490 S 103 00.0410 W 0.7 P180712r_032.SRP 111 0019803 01/26/08 09:15 35 40.4052 S 103 00.0041 W 11.4 P180712r_033.SRP 111 0019804 01/26/08 09:30 35 40.0522 S 102 59.9582 W 5.5 P180712r_034.SRP 111 0209879 01/26/08 09:38 35 39.9882 S 103 00.0341 W 0.6 P180712r_035.SRP 112 0014820 01/26/08 15:50 36 15.0043 S 102 59.9888 W 2.7 P180712r_036.SRP 113 0014824 01/26/08 21:27 36 50.3723 S 103 00.0021 W 11.6 P180712r_037.SRP 113 0014828 01/26/08 21:43 36 50.0044 S 102 59.9961 W 0.7 P180712r_038.SRP 113 0209886 01/26/08 21:47 36 50.0064 S 103 00.0005 W 0.6 P180712r_039.SRP 114 0014823 01/27/08 03:57 37 25.3091 S 103 00.0043 W 11.8 P180712r_040.SRP 114 0014827 01/27/08 04:10 37 25.0469 S 102 59.9686 W 0.8 P180712r_041.SRP 115 0014818 01/27/08 10:16 38 00.2958 S 103 00.0047 W 12.1 P180712r_042.SRP 115 0014819 01/27/08 10:29 38 00.0772 S 102 59.9520 W 6.4 P180712r_043.SRP 115 0209880 01/27/08 10:47 38 00.0423 S 103 00.0119 W 0.6 P180712r_044.SRP 116 0014822 01/27/08 17:12 38 35.5659 S 103 00.0036 W 11.8 P180712r_045.SRP 116 0014817 01/27/08 17:25 38 35.0056 S 102 59.9571 W 0.5 P180712r_046.SRP 116 0209883 01/27/08 17:28 38 35.0066 S 102 59.9625 W 0.6 P180712r_047.SRP ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. TAO BUOY OPERATIONS Visits were made to the following 8 sites to service TAO buoys. The positions shown are nominal. Table 8.0 TAO Buoy Sites Visited ______________________________________________________________ Nominal Nominal Activity Latitude Longitude at Buoy Site -------- --------- ------------------------------------- 8 deg.N 110 deg.W ATLAS Service SSC/ wind 5 deg.N 110 deg.W ATLAS Visit 2 deg.N 110 deg.W ATLAS Recover/Deploy (1 yr Threshold) 0 deg. 110 deg.W ADCP Recover/Deploy (1 yr Threshold) 0 deg. 110 deg.W ATLAS Service AT/RH, SSC 2 deg.S 110 deg.W ATLAS Service Wind, AT/RH 5 deg.S 110 deg.W ATLAS Deploy 8 deg.S 110 deg.W ATLAS Deploy ______________________________________________________________ All but the 5 deg.N 110 deg.W and 8 deg.S 110 deg.W buoy site were located close to the P18 section and the deep CTD casts made as part of the P18 line was used as the reference stations for the buoys. The 8 deg.S 110 deg.W required a steam of about 12 hrs each way from the P18 line. A separate CTD cast (997) to approximately 1000 meters depth was made about 1 mile away from the buoy site. Details on TAO Buoy activities during P18 are available at http://ndbc.noaa.gov. 9. APPENDIX: BOTTLE DATA QUALITY CODE SUMMARY AND COMMENTS This section contains WOCE quality codes [Joyc94] used during this cruise, and remarks regarding bottle data. Table 9.0 P18 Water Sample Quality Code Summary _____________________________________________________________________________ Property || 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 ||Total -----------------||-----|------|-----|------|-----|-----|---|---|---||----- Bottle || 0 | 5533 | 25 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 || 5631 13C/14C || 489 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 489 CDOM Abs.@325nm || 0 | 1359 | 61 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@340nm || 0 | 1344 | 74 | 2 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@380nm || 0 | 1235 | 96 | 89 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@412nm || 0 | 1131 | 108 | 181 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@443nm || 0 | 622 | 360 | 438 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@490nm || 0 | 300 | 163 | 957 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Abs.@555nm || 0 | 235 | 29 | 1156 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM2c || 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 60 CDOM3c || 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 18 CDOM Slog || 0 | 675 | 598 | 108 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 CDOM Snlf || 0 | 776 | 489 | 116 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1670 Chlorophyll a || 0 | 532 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 537 POC || 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 42 CFC-11 || 0 | 2810 | 49 | 16 | 28 | 234 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 3137 CFC-12 || 0 | 2815 | 43 | 17 | 28 | 234 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 3137 CCl4 || 0 | 6 | 7 | 3096 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 3137 SF6 || 0 | 2808 | 55 | 16 | 28 | 230 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 3137 Density || 331 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 331 DIC || 0 | 4116 | 11 | 15 | 8 | 532 | 0 | 0 | 3 || 4685 DOC ||2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 2796 3He || 703 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 705 Tritium || 641 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 641 15N/18O ||1517 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1517 Nitrate || 0 | 5271 | 5 | 31 | 40 | 227 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5575 Nitrite || 0 | 5241 | 36 | 65 | 4 | 228 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5575 Phosphate || 0 | 5304 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 230 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5575 Silicic Acid || 0 | 5305 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 229 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5575 ONAR || 163 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 163 O2 || 0 | 5422 | 108 | 34 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5580 pCO2 || 0 | 1046 | 132 | 4 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1273 pH || 0 | 3926 | 54 | 28 | 18 | 477 | 0 | 0 | 3 || 4506 Salinity || 0 | 5423 | 123 | 33 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 5585 32Si || 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 88 Total Alkalinity || 0 | 3484 | 166 | 102 | 134 | 346 | 0 | 0 | 4 || 4236 _____________________________________________________________________________ Comments from the Sample Logs and the results of STS/ODF's investigations are included in this report. Units used in these comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, PSS-78 salinity, and micromoles/kg for oxygen and nutrient data. The sample number is the cast number times 100 plus the bottle number. Table 9.1 P18 Bottle Quality Codes and Comments Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 1/1 112 O2 2 O2 value 5-10% high vs CTDO2 on Stas.1, 15-18, 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate sample from Flask 14 ok, use O2 value from flask 14. Code acceptable. 2/1 103 Bottle 3 Leak from bottom endcap. 4/1 111 Nitrite 5 Nutrient sampler bottle empty, sample lost. 4/1 111 Nitrate 5 Nutrient sampler bottle empty, sample lost. 4/1 111 Phosphate 5 Nutrient sampler bottle empty, sample lost. 4/1 111 Silicate 5 Nutrient sampler bottle empty, sample lost. 4/1 124 Bottle 3 Leaked from endcap, due to tie-down strap. 4/1 124 O2 9 O2 not sampled due to endcap leak. 6/1 121 O2 5 Program error during titration, O2 sample lost. 6/1 122 CTDS2 3 CTDT2/C2 drifts/spikes at trip, code CTDS2 questionable. 6/1 122 CTDT2 3 CTDT2/C2 drift/spike at trip, code CTDT2 questionable. 7/1 ALL - End standard for Stations 7-8 Salt Analysis appears high. Salinity-CTDS differences abnormally low; used start standard for station 9, 40 minutes later, as new end standard. Salinity is now acceptable. 7/1 101 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 101 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 102 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 102 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 103 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 103 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 104 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 7/1 104 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 105 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 105 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 106 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 106 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 7/1 107 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 107 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 107 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 108 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 108 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 108 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 109 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 109 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 109 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 110 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 110 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 110 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 111 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 111 O2 2 O2 sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 111 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 111 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 112 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 112 O2 2 O2 sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 112 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 112 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 113 DIC 2 DIC sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 113 O2 2 O2 sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 7/1 113 pH 2 pH sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 7/1 113 TAlk 2 TALK sampling delayed 20-30 mins. for boom retraction problem/repair. 8/1 ALL - End standard for Stations 7-8 Salt Analysis appears high. Salinity-CTDS differences abnormally low; used start standard for station 9, 40 minutes later, as new end standard. Salinity is now acceptable. 8/1 103 Bottle 3 Bottom endcap leaking, closed vent between samples to preserve water. 8/1 122 Bottle 2 Niskin ran out of water as last sampler finished. 9/1 101 Bottle 3 Leaks at bottom seal. 9/1 103 Bottle 3 Leaks at bottom seal. 9/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 12/1 113 Bottle 2 3He sampler tube leaked, sample lost (code 5). 12/1 124 Bottle 4 O2 draw Temp same as 500db bottle; lower lanyard unclipped, upper lanyard wrapped around rosette. No samples drawn after DIC. Code as mis-trip. 12/1 124 O2 9 Sample drawn, but discarded after it was determined bottle probably mis-tripped. 13/1 101 Bottle 2 Bottom cap leaks a little. 13/1 101 pH 2 pH cell 1 broken, duplicate drawn in cell 25. 13/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, Nutrients/Salinity ok. Code questionable. 14/1 101 Bottle 3 Bottom cap leaks (slow). 14/1 102 Bottle 2 Spigot pin missing. 14/1 120 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp not recorded, sample cop did not hear the reading. Use 18 deg.C, based on CTD in situ Temps and draw Ts of nearby niskins. 14/1 124 Bottle 2 Niskin opened/sampled before gases sampled; gases did not sample immediately afterward. 15/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 15/1 102 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 15/1 103 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap. No samples taken. 15/1 104 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 15 deg.C higher than expected; salinity low, nutrients not drawn. Code as mis- trip. 15/1 104 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from thermocline, not 2900+db; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 104 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 105 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 4 deg.C higher than expected, salinity low, nutrients not drawn. Code as mis- trip. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 15/1 105 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from O2 min, not 2700+db; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 105 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 108 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 3 deg.C higher than expected, salinity low, nutrients not drawn. Code as mis- trip. 15/1 108 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from O2 min, not 2100+db; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 108 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 110 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 19 deg.C higher than expected, salinity low, nutrients not drawn. Code as mis-trip. 15/1 110 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from surface, not 1700+db; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 110 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 15/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5-10% high on Stas.1, 15-18, 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate test on Sta 26 was also high, removed flask 13 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 15/1 115 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap. 15/1 115 O2 3 O2 value +3.3µmol/kg compared to CTDO2, salinity ok, no nutrients drawn. Leaking may have affected gas samples: Code questionable. 15/1 119 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip, no samples. 15/1 122 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap. 15/1 124 CTDS2 4 CTD-C2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 15/1 125 CTDS2 4 CTD-C2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 15/1 126 CTDS2 4 CTD-C2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 15/1 127 Bottle 3 Niskin not air-tight: vent ok, possibly top cap? Only DON, salinity sampled. 15/1 128 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap, no water to sample. 15/1 135 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap, almost no water to sample. Only DON, salinity sampled. 16/1 ALL - altimeter erratic: stop approx. 30m above bottom. Used 31.5m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 16/1 101 Bottle 3 Leaking (drip) from bottom cap. 16/1 101 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 102 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 103 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 104 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp only 1 deg.C higher than expected. O2/SiO3 low; NO3/PO4 high. Code as mis-trip. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 16/1 104 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 104 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 104 O2 4 O2 value indicates water from approx. 1300db, not 3000db; O2 Draw Temp is only 1 deg.C high (1300db is 2 deg.C warmer than 3000db). Bottle mis-tripped, Code bad. 16/1 104 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 104 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 104 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 105 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 106 Bottle 3 Leaking (drip) from bottom cap. 16/1 106 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 107 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 16/1 108 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 16/1 109 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 110 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 11-12 deg.C higher than expected, samples drawn anyways. O2 low, nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 16/1 110 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 110 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 110 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from thermocline/above 100db, not 1800db. 16/1 110 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 110 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 110 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 111 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 112 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5-10% high vs CTDO2 on Stas.1, 15-18, 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate test on Sta 26 was also high, removed flask 13 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 16/1 113 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 114 Bottle 2 Niskin missing safety pin on collar. 16/1 114 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 115 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 116 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 117 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 118 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 119 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 9-10 deg.C higher than expected, samples drawn anyways. O2 high, nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 16/1 119 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 16/1 119 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 119 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from thermocline/above 100db, not 700db. Code bad. 16/1 119 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 119 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 119 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 16/1 120 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 120 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 120 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 121 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 121 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 121 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 122 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 123 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 124 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 125 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 125 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 125 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 126 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 126 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 126 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 127 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 127 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 sensor cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 127 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 128 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 128 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 128 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 129 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 129 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 129 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 130 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 130 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 130 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 131 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 131 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 131 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 132 Bottle 2 Spigot easy to open. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 16/1 132 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 132 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 132 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 133 Bottle 2 Spigot easy to open. 16/1 133 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 133 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 133 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 134 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 134 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 134 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 135 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 135 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 135 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 16/1 136 CTDS2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 136 CTDT2 4 CTD-T2 and CTD-C2 sensors cut out, value bad/lost. 16/1 136 Nitrite 4 Bubble in nitrite flowcell. Code bad. 17/1 101 Bottle 3 Slow leak from bottom cap; bottom cap O-ring replaced after sampling. 17/1 104 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 15 deg.C higher than expected; Code as mis-trip. All samples discarded. Niskin height and lanyard length adjusted after sampling to improve tension. 17/1 110 Bottle 4 Niskin did not close, lanyard not released by carousel. Niskin height and lanyard length adjusted after sampling to improve tension. 17/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5-10% high vs. CTDO2 on Stas.1, 15-18, 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate test on Sta 26 was also high, removed flask 13 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 17/1 119 Bottle 2 Niskin height and lanyard length adjusted after sampling to improve tension. 17/1 132 Bottle 2 Spigot is very loose. 17/1 135 Bottle 2 Spigot is loose. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 18/1 106 Bottle 4 O2/SiO3/Salinity low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 18/1 106 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 106 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 106 O2 4 O2 value 30 µmol/kg low, same as water near 2200db, not 3150db; O2 Draw Temp ok; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 106 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 106 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 106 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 109 Bottle 3 Leaky, only salt sampled: salinity ok. 18/1 110 Bottle 4 O2/SiO3/Salinity slightly low, PO4/NO3/O2 Draw Temp slightly high. Code as mis-trip. 18/1 110 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 110 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 110 O2 4 O2 value 10 µmol/kg low, same as water near 2100db, not 2300+db; O2 Draw Temp slightly high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 110 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 110 Salinity 4 Salinity slightly low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 110 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 112 Bottle 2 Niskin spigot pushed in. 18/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5-10% high vs. CTDO2 on Stas.1, 15-18, 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate test on Sta 26 was also high, removed flask 13 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 18/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 5 deg.C higher than expected; O2 slightly low, Salinity high, nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 18/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 118 O2 4 O2 value 3 µmol/kg low, near O2 minimum; nutrients low. Draw Temp from 500db shallower, also in O2 min, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 18/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 18/1 131 Salinity 2 Salt sampler bottle 931 did not have seal. 19/1 101 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 102 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 103 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 104 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 105 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 106 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 106 O2 5 Program error during titration, O2 sample lost. 19/1 107 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 107 O2 2 Sample sat [open] awhile before titrating, while trying to get program running again. 19/1 108 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 109 CTDS2 3 CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, signal returned at deeper bottle stops. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 questionable. 19/1 110 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 111 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 112 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 113 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 19/1 114 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 115 CTDS2 4 Severe CTDC2 noise/spiking/offsets on upcast, near-bottom to 320db. Secondary pump changed after cast. Code CTDS2 bad. 19/1 122 CTDS2 3 CTDT2/C2 sensors noisier in high gradient, probably from secondary pump problems (changed after cast). Code questionable. 19/1 122 CTDT2 4 CTDT2/C2 sensors noisier in high gradient, probably from secondary pump problems (changed after cast). Code questionable. 20/1 106 Bottle 2 Spigot dripping. 20/1 107 Bottle 2 Spigot dripping. 20/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offset low/noisy 670-350db upcast. CTD primary pump problems started here. Code bad. 20/1 113 Bottle 2 Spigot dripping. 20/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offset low/noisy 670-350db upcast. CTD primary pump problems started here. Code bad. 20/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offset low/noisy 670-350db upcast. CTD primary pump problems started here. Code bad. 20/1 115 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offset low/noisy 670-350db upcast. CTD primary pump problems started here. Code bad. 20/1 123 Salinity 2 Salt bottle 123: no label. 21/1 101 CTDO 4 CTDO2 value 13.5 µmol/kg low vs O2, signal drops during bottom approach because of primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 101 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 102 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 103 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 21/1 104 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 105 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 106 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor somewhat noisy starting 3600db upcast, offset 2480-2280db, very noisy/low 2100-377db, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 107 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 108 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 109 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5-10% high vs CTDO2 on Stas.1, 15-18; 20% on Sta.21 (in min.): 2 rosettes/Niskins, same O2 flask 13. Replicate test on Sta 26 was also high, removed flask 13 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 21/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 21/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2100-377db, ok starting 375db trip (niskin 15). CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 21/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 21/1 122 CTDS1 3 CTDT1/C1 sensors noisier in high gradient, probably from primary pump problems. Code questionable. 21/1 122 CTDT1 4 CTDT1/C1 sensors noisier in high gradient, probably from primary pump problems. Code questionable. 22/1 ALL - Raining during sampling. 22/1 102 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, same as salt from niskin 1. Code questionable. 22/1 111 Salinity 3 Salinity value low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 22/1 118 Bottle 2 Niskin top lid opened while checking niskin 19, sampled first/out of order: lower O2 Draw Temp ok. 22/1 119 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip 22/1 120 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 2-3 deg.C higher than expected, samples drawn anyways. O2 high, nutrients/salinity low. Code as mis-trip. 22/1 120 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 22/1 120 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 22/1 120 O2 4 high O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from surface, not 600db. Code bad. 22/1 120 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 22/1 120 Salinity 4 Salinity low; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 22/1 120 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 22/1 122 O2 5 Sample discarded before analyzing. Code sample lost. 22/1 132 Bottle 2 Leaking from spigot during sampling. 22/1 136 Bottle 2 Ran out of water as last sampler finished. 23/1 104 Bottle 4 O2/Salinity/SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high, O2 Draw Temp ok. Data indicate bottle tripped near 2070db. Code as mis-trip. 23/1 104 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 23/1 104 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 23/1 104 O2 4 O2/SiO3 low; NO3/PO4 high; O2 Draw Temp ok; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 23/1 104 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 23/1 104 Salinity 4 Salinity 0.017 low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 23/1 104 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, NO3/PO4 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 23/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs. CTDO2. O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 23/1 122 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip. 24/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2 and nearby casts. Code questionable. 24/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Flask 52 O2 values 10-12% high for 5/7 casts from stas.24-42, flask 52 replicate on sta.46 was 11% high; not used again. Code questionable. 24/1 114 O2 3 O2 value 16 µmol/kg low. Code questionable. 24/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 14 deg.C higher than expected. O2 high, nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 24/1 118 DIC 9 Not sampled due to high O2 Draw Temp; sampler number and checkmark on sample log, crossed off later. 24/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 24/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 24/1 118 O2 4 O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from thermocline/near-surface, not 870db. Code bad. 24/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 24/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity -0.075 low vs both CTDS values, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 24/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 24/1 118 TAlk 9 Apparently not sampled due to high O2 Draw Temp; sampler number and checkmark are on sample log. 24/1 129 Salinity 5 Salt bottle cracked, broke with Autosal pressure. Sample lost. 25/1 116 Bottle 2 Possible slow leak. 26/1 109 Bottle 2 "Leak air and bottom cap" 26/1 116 Bottle 2 Leak bottom cap. 26/1 130 DIC 9 Apparently not sampled; sampler number and checkmark on sample log, crossed off later. 26/1 130 O2 2 Extra chemicals added during fixing, but O2 value agrees with CTDO2. Code acceptable. 26/1 136 O2 2 O2 value 22 µmol/kg low vs downcast CTDO2 at surface; drop in upcast CTDO2 even lower, value ok? 27/1 102 O2 3 O2 value 4 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Draw Temp ok, nutrients ok. Code questionable. 27/1 104 Bottle 2 Bottom cap leaks. 27/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 2.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Draw Temp ok, nutrients ok. Code questionable. 27/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Draw Temp ok, nutrients ok. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 27/1 109 TAlk 5 Sample log shows sample drawn, but never analyzed. Code sample lost. 27/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 2360-2030db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 2360-2030db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 116 O2 3 O2 value 4 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Draw Temp ok, nutrients ok. Code questionable. 27/1 119 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 3 deg.C higher than expected; O2/nutrients low, Salinity high. DIC sample discarded, drawn from niskin 20 instead. Code as mis-trip. 27/1 119 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 27/1 119 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 27/1 119 O2 4 Low O2 value + Draw Temp indicate water from near 300db, not 750db. Code bad. 27/1 119 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 27/1 119 Salinity 4 Salinity high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 27/1 119 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 27/1 121 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 122 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 123 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 124 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 125 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 126 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 127 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 128 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 129 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 130 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 131 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 132 Bottle 2 Bottom cap leaks with vent open. 27/1 132 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 133 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 27/1 134 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 135 Bottle 2 Bottom cap leaks with vent open. 27/1 135 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 27/1 136 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor offsets low, 570-125db; probably sensor fouling. Code bad. 28/1 104 Bottle 2 Leaking from bottom cap. 28/1 105 O2 5 Program error during titration, O2 sample lost. 28/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 8 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Flask 52 O2 values 10-12% high for 5/7 casts from stas.24-42, flask 52 replicate on sta.46 was 11% high; not used again. Code questionable. 28/1 119 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip. 28/1 133 Bottle 2 Leaking from bottom cap. 28/1 136 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2 at surface. Code questionable. 29/2 206 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 29/2 209 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 29/2 211 O2 3 O2 value 3.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 29/2 222 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 223 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 224 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 225 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 226 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 227 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 228 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 29/2 229 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 230 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 231 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 232 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 233 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 234 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 235 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 29/2 236 Bottle 4 Niskins 22-36 did not close. Carousel apparently reset itself to trip position 1 after trip 21. 30/1 ALL - Started to drizzle, stopped, resumed during sampling. 30/1 101 Bottle 2 Niskin 1 lanyard tangled around niskin 23 hose clamp, yet both caps closed. 30/1 101 CTDO 3 CTDO2 signal drop at cast bottom, likely combination of pump1 problem and slowdown at bottom approach. 30/1 101 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 6 µmol/kg low on Theta/O2 profile; CTDO2 drops at bottom, but probably caused by CTD pump problems and winch slowdown near bottom. No nearby casts as deep. Code questionable. 30/1 102 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 103 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 30/1 104 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 105 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 106 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 107 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3720-2830db upcast, often shifts back during bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 30/1 108 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 109 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 30/1 115 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy/low 2500-300db, ok starting 300db. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 101 CTDO 3 CTDO2 signal drop at cast bottom, likely combination of pump1 problem and slowdown at bottom approach. 31/1 101 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg low on Theta/O2 profile; Small CTDO2 drop in bottom 6db probably caused by CTD pump problems and winch slowdown near bottom. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 31/1 102 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 103 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 104 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 105 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 106 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy 3200-2000db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 31/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg low vs CTD; O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. Code questionable. 31/1 107 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 108 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 109 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 115 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 116 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2000-270db upcast, CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 31/1 122 CTDO 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 31/1 122 CTDPRS 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 31/1 122 CTDS1 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 31/1 122 CTDS2 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 31/1 122 CTDT1 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 31/1 122 CTDT2 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 31/1 124 O2 2 O2 value 18 µmol/kg low vs downcast CTDO2 at surface; drop in upcast CTDO2 matches, value ok? 32/1 106 Bottle 2 Leak bottom cap. 33/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 6 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. O2 analyst noted nothing unusual. Code questionable. 33/1 102 O2 3 O2 value 14 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. O2 analyst noted nothing unusual. Code questionable. 33/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 9 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. O2 analyst noted nothing unusual. Code questionable. 33/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 20+ µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. O2 analyst noted nothing unusual. Code questionable. 33/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients ok. O2 analyst noted nothing unusual. Code questionable. 33/1 115 Bottle 2 Spigot changed after sampling. 33/1 132 Bottle 2 Spigot changed after sampling. 33/1 133 Bottle 4 Bottle did not trip. 33/1 134 Bottle 2 Spigot changed after sampling. 33/1 136 O2 2 O2 value 18 µmol/kg low vs downcast CTDO2 at surface; drop in upcast CTDO2 matches, value ok? 34/1 104 Bottle 2 bottom cap leaks after vent opened. 34/1 113 Salinity 2 salinity bottle 613 cracked - not used; substituted bottle 06. 34/1 116 O2 3 O2 value 11.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 34/1 133 O2 3 O2 value 7.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 34/1 135 O2 3 O2 value 25 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 35/1 101 Bottle 2 Spigot changed for a new one after sampling. 35/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 35/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 35/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 35/1 133 Bottle 9 Cap caught on lanyard - no water. 36/1 116 Bottle 2 Leaks from bottom cap. 36/1 133 Bottle 2 Leaks from bottom cap (drip). 36/1 135 Bottle 2 Vents left open 36/1 136 Bottle 2 Vents left open 37/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 37/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Flask 52 O2 values 10-12% high for 5/7 casts from stas.24-42, flask 52 replicate on sta.46 was 11% high; not used again. Code questionable. 38/1 101 O2 3 O2 15 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 38/1 103 O2 3 O2 15 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 38/1 105 O2 3 O2 8 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 38/1 107 O2 3 O2 4 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 38/1 110 Bottle 4 O2/SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; Salinity/O2 Draw Temp ok. Code as mis-trip. 38/1 110 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 38/1 110 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 38/1 110 O2 4 O2 10 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok; nutrients also bad, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 38/1 110 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 38/1 110 Salinity 2 Salinity ok, despite probable mis-trip. Code acceptable. 38/1 110 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 38/1 119 Bottle 2 Leaks from stopcock. 38/1 134 O2 3 O2 6 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 38/1 136 O2 3 O2 28 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 39/1 101 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 102 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 39/1 103 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 104 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 5 µmol/kg low vs CTD, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 39/1 105 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 106 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 107 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer, offset back during bottle stops first 7 niskins; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code questionable. 39/1 108 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 109 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 39/1 115 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 116 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 117 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 118 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 119 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 4 deg.C higher than expected, O2/nutrients low, salinity high. Code as mis- trip. 39/1 119 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 119 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 39/1 119 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 39/1 119 O2 4 O2 value low, O2 Draw Temp high; bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 39/1 119 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 39/1 119 Salinity 4 Salinity 0.3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 39/1 119 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 39/1 120 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 121 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 122 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 123 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 124 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 125 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 126 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 39/1 127 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 128 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 129 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 130 CTDO 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 39/1 130 CTDPRS 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 39/1 130 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 130 CTDS2 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 39/1 130 CTDT1 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 39/1 130 CTDT2 2 Trip not flagged by SeaSoft, missing in .bl file; estimated trip time to generate CTD info for trip. 39/1 131 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 132 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 39/1 133 Bottle 9 Niskin did not close: lanyard of niskin 32 tangled on bottom cap of niskin 33. 39/1 133 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast until surface mixed layer; sea"slime" on rosette near sensors after cast. Code bad. 40/1 108 pH 2 pH cell 8 broken, sample retaken with cell 42. 40/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 11 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Flask 52 O2 value 10-12% high for 5/7 casts from stas.24-42, flask 52 replicate on sta.46 was 11% high; not used again. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 40/1 112 CTDO 3 CTD pumps off 1 min. at 1587-1648db after signal cut-out, CTDO2 signal low 40/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 14 deg.C higher than expected: O2 high, nutrients low: near-surface values. Code as mis-trip. 40/1 118 DIC 9 Not sampled due to high O2 Draw Temp; sampler number on sample log crossed off later. 40/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 118 O2 4 O2 value high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 40/1 136 Bottle 2 Ran out of water during tritium sample, bubbles went into tritium sample bottle (sampled with flag). 40/1 136 Salinity 9 No water left to take salt sample. 41/1 112 CTDO 3 CTD pumps off 1 min. at 1433-1496db after signal cut-out, CTDO2 signal low 41/1 112 O2 2 O2 value appears to be a bit high, but matches upcast CTDO2. Code acceptable. 41/1 112 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 42/1 101 Bottle 2 Winch level-wind problems, 30-min. delay and yoyo back down from 3140 to 3277db after tripping Niskins 1-4; yoyo went deeper than Niskin 4 only. 42/1 101 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 102 Bottle 2 Winch level-wind problems, 30-min. delay and yoyo back down from 3140 to 3277db after tripping Niskins 1-4; yoyo went deeper than Niskin 4 only. 42/1 103 Bottle 2 Winch level-wind problems, 30-min. delay and yoyo back down from 3140 to 3277db after tripping Niskins 1-4; yoyo went deeper than Niskin 4 only. 42/1 103 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 103 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 42/1 104 Bottle 2 Winch level-wind problems, 30-min. delay and yoyo back down from 3140 to 3277db after tripping Niskins 1-4; yoyo went deeper than Niskin 4 only. 42/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 42/1 105 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 107 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 109 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 11 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Flask 52 O2 value 10-12% high for 5/7 casts from stas.24-42, flask 52 replicate on sta.46 was 11% high, not used again. Code questionable. 42/1 112 pCO2 2 pCO2 sampling started late (CFC at niskin 14, TALK at niskin 11). 42/1 119 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip. 43/1 112 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp ok; O2/Salinity high. Code as mis-trip. 43/1 112 O2 3 O2 value 5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 43/1 112 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 43/1 113 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 43/1 118 Bottle 2 Niskin height adjusted, lower lanyards knotted after sampling. 43/1 119 Bottle 2 Niskin height adjusted, lower lanyards knotted after sampling. 43/1 128 TAlk 9 Sample log says TAlk sampler 11 drawn from niskin 28, but value reported for 27. Other CO2 samples drawn from 28, probably this one was as well. Code niskin 28 as not sampled. 43/1 129 O2 5 Program error during titration, O2 sample lost. 44/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 44/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 44/1 128 DIC 2 replicate B40 taken at end of sampling (B28 might have been drawn from niskin 29). 45/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, code questionable. 45/1 114 CTDO 3 CTD pumps off 3 mins. at 1120-1309db after 3 back-to-back signal cut-outs, CTDO2 signal low 45/1 115 CTDO 3 CTD pumps off 3 mins. at 1120-1309db after 3 back-to-back signal cut-outs, CTDO2 signal low 45/1 116 Bottle 2 Leaks at bottom cap. 46/1 133 Bottle 2 Small leak from bottom cap. 47/1 106 Bottle 2 Leaks from bottom cap, replaced O-ring with Buna-N after cast. 47/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 47/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 47/1 120 pH 9 Apparently pH not sampled: sampler number written on sample log, but not checked off. 47/1 134 O2 5 Program error during titration, O2 sample lost. 48/1 101 Salinity 2 extra samples Z1-Z4 drawn for backup autosal test/cross-calibration. 48/1 105 Bottle 2 air vent unscrewed/dropped into ocean, replaced during O2 sampling. 48/1 105 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 48/1 115 CTDO 3 CTD pumps off 1 min. at 1142-1204db after signal cut-out, CTDO2 signal low. 49/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 49/1 105 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 1 deg.C high. O2/Salinity/SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 49/1 105 Nitrite 4 SiO3 slightly low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 49/1 105 Nitrate 4 SiO3 slightly low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 49/1 105 O2 3 O2 value 23 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp 1 deg.C high; bottle mis-tripped. Code questionable. 49/1 105 Phosphate 4 SiO3 slightly low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 49/1 105 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS; bottle mis-tripped. Code questionable. 49/1 105 Silicate 4 SiO3 slightly low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 49/1 106 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 1 deg.C high. O2/Salinity/SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 49/1 106 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 49/1 106 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 49/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 47 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp 1 deg.C high; bottle mis-tripped. Code questionable. 49/1 106 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 49/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS; bottle mis-tripped. Code questionable. 49/1 106 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 49/1 116 Bottle 2 C14 bottle 4379 has cap 4479 49/1 118 Bottle 4 Niskin did not close. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 50/1 107 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 50/1 110 Bottle 2 Niskins 10-12 sampled first, then 1-9, to facilitate maintenance on niskins. O2 Draw Temps lower than surrounding bottles, ok. 50/1 110 Nitrite 9 Nutrients not drawn before water dumped from niskin. 50/1 110 Nitrate 9 Nutrients not drawn before water dumped from niskin. 50/1 110 Phosphate 9 Nutrients not drawn before water dumped from niskin. 50/1 110 Silicate 9 Nutrients not drawn before water dumped from niskin. 50/1 111 Bottle 2 Niskins 10-12 sampled first, then 1-9, to facilitate maintenance on niskins. O2 Draw Temps lower than surrounding bottles, ok. 50/1 112 Bottle 2 Niskins 10-12 sampled first, then 1-9, to facilitate maintenance on niskins. O2 Draw Temps lower than surrounding bottles, ok. 50/1 115 O2 3 CTD pumps off 1 min. at 1202-1225db after signal cut-out, CTDO2 signal low. 50/1 116 Bottle 2 Slightly leaking from bottom. 50/1 124 Bottle 4 Niskin 24 did not close. 50/1 127 Nitrite 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 50/1 127 Nitrate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 50/1 127 Phosphate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 50/1 127 Silicate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 50/1 135 Bottle 2 Small leak from [no details]. 51/1 ALL - Air vents cap changed on all bottles. 51/1 101 CTDO 3 CTDO2 signal drop at cast bottom, likely combination of pump1 problem and slowdown at bottom approach. Bottle O2 value matches Theta/O2 profile. 51/1 101 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast, offsets back at most deeper bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 51/1 102 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast, offsets back at most deeper bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 51/1 103 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast, offsets back at most deeper bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 103 Salinity 3 Salinity value low vs CTDS, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 51/1 104 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast, offsets back at most deeper bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 51/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, code questionable. 51/1 105 CTDS1 3 CTDC1 sensor noisy most of upcast, offsets back at most deeper bottle stops. CTD primary pump problems. Code questionable. 51/1 106 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 107 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 108 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 109 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 110 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 111 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 112 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 113 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 114 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 115 CTDS1 4 CTDC1 sensor very noisy 2300-277db upcast, back to normal at 275db/niskin 116 bottle stop. CTD primary pump problems. Code bad. 51/1 115 CTDT1 3 CTDT1 sensor noisier in high gradient, probably from primary pump problems. Code questionable. 51/1 124 Bottle 4 Niskin did not trip. 52/1 ALL - LADCP and battery pack attached to 24-plc. rosette after cast. Altimeter spiky at bottom, estim. 15-18m; used 15.5m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 52/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 52/1 102 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, Code questionable. 52/1 111 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, Code questionable. 52/1 113 Bottle 2 Spigot drips. 53/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 6 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, Code questionable. 53/1 107 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, Code questionable. 54/1 116 Bottle 2 Small leak. 55/1 ALL - Deck lights out during sampling. No reading from altimeter, poor pinger return; approx. 20-40m off at cast bottom. Used 36.5m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 55/1 107 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 55/1 110 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 55/1 116 Bottle 2 Small leak from bottom cap. 55/1 134 O2 2 O2 draw temperature corrected from 23.9 to 22.9. 55/1 136 O2 3 O2 value 5 µmol/kg high vs nearby casts and other near-surface bottles within cast. Code questionable. 56/1 ALL - Extra set of salts taken for an experiment, using Sal box 1000. 56/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 56/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, matches salt from niskin 9. Code questionable. 56/1 111 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, matches salt from niskin 9. Code questionable. 56/1 115 Salinity 3 Salinity value low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 56/1 127 pH 5 pH sample logged/checked off as sampled, but never analyzed. Code lost. 56/1 129 Nitrite 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 56/1 129 Nitrate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 56/1 129 Phosphate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 56/1 129 Silicate 5 Nutrient sample spilled, code sample lost. 57/1 123 Bottle 2 Leaks from the bottom. 57/1 127 he 5 Sample tube leaked, sample lost. 58/1 ALL - altimeter unreliable 100m dab to bottom, 10-12m off? Used 14m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 59/1 102 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 59/1 103 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 104 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 106 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 107 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 107 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 59/1 108 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 59/1 109 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 110 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 110 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 59/1 111 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 112 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 113 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 113 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 59/1 114 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 59/1 115 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 116 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 117 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 118 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 119 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 120 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 121 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 122 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 59/1 123 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 124 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 125 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 126 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 127 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 128 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 129 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 130 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 131 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 132 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 133 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 134 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 135 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 136 Nitrite 3 Nitrite values high, bubble caught in system. Code questionable. 59/1 136 O2 3 O2 value 4 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2 and nearby surface bottles, code questionable. 60/1 ALL - altimeter kicked in only after already stopped, approx. 15m off bottom. Used 19m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 61/1 ALL - Spigots changed on "some" bottles; a wave splashed on deck while collecting TALK and pH samples from outboard bottles (perhaps niskins 9-12?) 62/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 62/1 106 Salinity 2 salt bottle 606 broken, new bottle labeled 606 also. 63/1 134 O2 5 Sensor not immersed before starting titration. Code sample lost. 64/1 116 Bottle 2 Leak from bottom cap. 64/1 136 O2 2 O2 value was 2.5 µmol/kg high: flask typo, fixed. Code acceptable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 65/1 104 O2 5 Lost sample due to computer error. 65/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 65/1 116 Bottle 2 O2 draw temperature corrected from 9.8 to 8.8. O2, Salinity and Silicate indicate probable mis-trip, possibly original draw T was right. Code as mis-trip. 65/1 116 Nitrite 3 Bottle apparently mis-tripped. Code bad. 65/1 116 Nitrate 3 Nitrate seems ok, but bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code bad. 65/1 116 O2 3 O2 value 34 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, bottle apparently mis-tripped. Code questionable. 65/1 116 Phosphate 3 Phosphate slightly low, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code questionable. 65/1 116 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code questionable. 65/1 116 Silicate 3 Silicate low, bottle apparently mis-tripped. Code questionable. 65/1 118 O2 3 O2 value 14 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 66/1 101 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 102 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 103 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 104 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 105 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 106 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 107 Bottle 3 Leaking from bottom cap. Samples for all gases taken despite the leaking. High O2 value, Code as leaking. 66/1 107 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 107 O2 4 O2 value 6 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Bottle leaking. Code bad. 66/1 108 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 109 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 110 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 66/1 111 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 111 O2 2 O2 sample taken after quadruplicate He sampling. 66/1 112 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 113 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 114 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 115 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 116 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 117 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 118 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 119 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 120 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 121 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 122 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 123 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 124 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 125 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 126 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 127 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 128 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 129 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 130 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 131 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 132 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 66/1 133 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 134 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 135 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 66/1 136 CTDS2 4 CTDC2 sensor dying, large offset at bottom, drifts back to "ok" by 500db. Code CTDS2 bad. 67/1 ALL - styrofoam cups went down with CTD, attached to bottom rung 67/1 117 he 2 Helium taken after oxygen 67/1 129 Salinity 5 Salinity bottle 129 empty in box. Code sample lost. 68/1 106 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp slightly elevated; O2 lost, SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 68/1 106 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 68/1 106 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 68/1 106 O2 5 Instrument error, oxygen reading was 511k. Code sample lost. 68/1 106 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 68/1 106 Salinity 4 Salinity low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 68/1 106 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 68/1 133 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2 and nearby oxygen values. Code questionable. 69/1 106 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 0.5 deg.C high; O2/Salt/SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 69/1 106 Nitrite 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 106 Nitrate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 106 O2 4 Oxygen value 25 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. O2 Draw Temp 0.5 deg.C high. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 106 Phosphate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 106 Salinity 4 Salinity low vs CTDS. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 106 Silicate 4 SiO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Bottle mis-tripped, code bad. 69/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 69/1 113 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 69/1 118 Bottle 4 Did not trip. 69/1 119 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 70/1 122 O2 5 Sensor not immersed before starting titration. Code sample lost. 70/1 126 O2 5 Sensor not immersed before starting titration. Code sample lost. 71/1 ALL - Drizzle during sampling. DOC/DON started sampling last. 71/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly low, code questionable. 71/1 112 Bottle 2 DIC sample bottle B12 broken. Sample re-drawn in A12. 71/1 135 Bottle 2 Bottle drips at bottom cap. 72/1 113 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high, code questionable. 72/1 135 Bottle 2 Spigot leaks when open. 73/1 ALL - All CDOM sampled immediately after oxygen (vs after nutrients) due to possible CDOM sample contamination. 73/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly low, code questionable. 73/1 102 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high, code questionable. 73/1 104 Bottle 2 Leaking from bottom. 73/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high, code questionable. 73/1 108 Bottle 2 3He sampled immediately after cast on deck, quadruplicate sample. 73/1 108 O2 2 Oxygen sampled in usual sequence, after quad. 3He samples. O2 Draw Temp. higher/ok. 73/1 118 Bottle 4 Did not close, no water. Code as mis-trip. 74/1 107 O2 3 Oxygen value 12 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Draw Temp ok, since cfc drawn first. Nutrients ok. Code questionable. 74/1 118 Bottle 4 Bottle did not trip. Code as mis-trip. 75/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high, code questionable. 75/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 12 deg.C higher than expected. O2/Salinity/NO2 very high, Other nutrients very low. Code as mis-trip. 75/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nitrite very high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 75/1 118 Nitrate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 75/1 118 O2 4 O2 value from near 200db, draw Temp 12 deg.C high. Bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 75/1 118 Phosphate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 75/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity very high vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 75/1 118 Silicate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 75/1 136 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle at salt 936 (rained afterwards). 76/1 ALL - replicate cdom sampled with freon polycarbonate tip for comparison. Replicate salts drawn. 76/1 118 Bottle 4 Bottle did not close. Code as mis-trip. 76/1 123 O2 3 O2 value 13 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 76/1 123 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, code questionable. 76/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 8.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 77/1 111 Salinity 2 Salt flask broken. Sample retaken in a new flask. 77/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 77/1 131 O2 2 O2 value matches feature in down+up CTDO2. Code acceptable. 78/1 ALL - altimeter rdg. disappeared 110m off bottom; dab estim. as 15-20m by pinger. Used 30.5m height above bottom at btl.1 (from SBE raw/hex data). 78/1 125 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 126 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 127 pH 2 pH sample from niskin 27 was drawn after niskin 36 drawn. 78/1 127 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 78/1 128 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 129 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 130 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 78/1 131 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 132 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 133 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 134 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 135 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 78/1 136 Salinity 2 Started to drizzle 2/3 of the way through sampling (~bottle 25) 79/1 108 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 12 deg.C higher than expected. O2/Salinity/NO2 high, other nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 79/1 108 Nitrite 4 Nitrite very high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 108 Nitrate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 108 O2 4 O2 value from near-surface, draw Temp 12 deg.C high. Bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 108 Phosphate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 108 Salinity 4 Salinity value very high, Bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 108 Silicate 4 Silicate/Phosphate/Nitrate very low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 79/1 110 O2 5 Titration system crashed 3x, lost samples. 79/1 111 O2 5 Titration system crashed 3x, lost samples. 79/1 112 O2 5 Titration system crashed 3x, lost samples. 79/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 5.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 80/1 ALL - Salts sampled before nutrients. 80/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly low vs CTDS, code questionable. 80/1 110 Bottle 4 O2, O2 Draw Temp and nutrients match values from bottle 11. Code as mis-trip. 80/1 110 Nitrite 4 Nutrients match values from bottle 11, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 80/1 110 Nitrate 4 Nutrients match values from bottle 11, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 80/1 110 O2 4 O2 value 12 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, matches value from bottle 11; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 80/1 110 Phosphate 4 Nutrients match values from bottle 11, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 80/1 110 Salinity 4 Salinity low, matches value from bottle 11; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 80/1 110 Silicate 4 Nutrients match values from bottle 11, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 80/1 119 DIC 5 Sample lost - sampler bottle broken. 80/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 81/1 114 Bottle 2 Bottom cap drips. 81/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92, same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 82/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 82/1 108 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 0.5 deg.C high; O2/Salinity low, Nutrients slightly low. Code as mis-trip. 82/1 108 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 108 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 108 O2 4 O2 value 3.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp 0.5 deg.C high vs. nearby bottles. Bottle mis- tripped, Code bad. 82/1 108 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 108 Salinity 4 Salinity low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 108 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 0.5-1.0 deg.C high; O2/Salinity/Nutrients low. Code as mis-trip. 82/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 O2 4 O2 value 2.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp high; bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 82/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 83/1 108 O2 2 A quadruplicate sample of He was taken before oxygen. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 83/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Code questionable. 84/1 116 Bottle 4 O2/O2 Draw Temp ok, but Nutrients/Salinity fit profiles 50+db shallower. Bottle apparently mis-tripped, code as mis-trip. 84/1 116 Nitrite 4 Nutrients slightly low, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code bad. 84/1 116 Nitrate 4 Nutrients slightly low, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code bad. 84/1 116 O2 4 O2 value ok vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. O2 similar in area where bottle apparently mis- tripped, code questionable. 84/1 116 Phosphate 4 Nutrients slightly low, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code bad. 84/1 116 Salinity 4 Salinity value low vs CTDS, bottle apparently mis-tripped. Code questionable. 84/1 116 Silicate 4 Nutrients slightly low, bottle apparently mis- tripped. Code bad. 84/1 128 Bottle 3 Bottle 28 leaking with air valve closed. Rapid leak. Top cap O-ring replaced with Viton. O2 sampled anyways. 85/1 ALL - Samples drawn from Niskin 19 first, then back to typical order until ONAR ready to draw another sample. 85/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high, code questionable. 85/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 2-2.5 deg.C higher than expected; O2 value ok, Nutrients/Salinity low, could have tripped around 500db. Code as mis-trip. 85/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 118 O2 4 O2 value ok, but bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 85/1 127 O2 2 O2 value 5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, but matches upcast feature. Code acceptable. 85/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 86/1 ALL - Styrofoam cups down with cast. 87/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 9 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 87/1 129 Bottle 3 Bottle 29 leaking from the bottom. O2 sample taken anyways. 88/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly low vs CTDS, code questionable. 88/1 106 O2 3 Oxygen 2 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 88/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 88/1 119 Bottle 2 Spigot changed after cast. 88/1 124 O2 3 O2 value 50 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 88/1 127 Bottle 3 Upper end cap leak, no samples taken. Spigot changed after cast. 88/1 129 Bottle 2 Bottom cap o-ring replaced before cast. 89/1 ALL - End standard for Stations 89-90 Salt Analysis appears high. Salinity-CTDS differences abnormally low; re-updated without an end standard/no drift. Salinity is now acceptable. 89/1 107 Bottle 2 Niskin fired on-the-fly at 25 m/min, samples may not be accurate. 89/1 124 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 8+ deg.C high; O2/Nutrients/Salinity from near-surface mixed layer. Code as mis-trip. 89/1 124 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 124 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 124 O2 4 O2 value high vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp high bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 124 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 124 Salinity 4 Salinity high vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 124 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 89/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 90/1 ALL - End standard for Stations 89-90 Salt Analysis appears high. Salinity-CTDS differences abnormally low; re-updated without an end standard/no drift. Salinity is now acceptable. 90/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 4+ deg.C high; O2/Salinity high, Nutrients low - tripped near 370db. Code as mis-trip. 90/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 90/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 90/1 118 O2 4 O2 value high vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 90/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 90/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity high vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 90/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 90/1 119 pCO2 2 pCO2 sample 7 retaken at btl 19, skipped 18. 91/1 ALL - Samples drawn from Niskin 19 first, then back to typical order until ONAR ready to draw another sample. 91/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 91/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 16 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 91/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, code questionable. 91/1 118 Bottle 2 small tygon tubing piece placed on pylon trigger pin before cast. 91/1 124 Bottle 2 small tygon tubing piece placed on pylon trigger pin before cast. 92/1 106 Bottle 4 O2/Silicate/Salinity low, Nitrate slightly low. Phosphate ok, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code as possible mis-trip. 92/1 106 Nitrite 3 Nutrients a bit off, bottle may have mis- tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 106 Nitrate 3 Nitrate slightly low, bottle may have mis- tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 106 O2 3 O2 value 1.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok; bottle may have mis-tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 106 Phosphate 3 Phosphate seems ok, bottle may have mis- tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity value low vs CTDS, bottle may have mis-tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 106 Silicate 3 Silicate slightly low, bottle may have mis- tripped. Code questionable. 92/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3-5% high vs CTDO2/nearby mixed-layer bottles on Stas.77-78,80-83,92: same O2 flask 28. Replicate test on Sta 84: flask 28 was 4.1% high, removed flask 28 from sampling lineup. Accidentally added back in this one cast. Code questionable. 93/1 103 O2 3 O2 value 9 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Analyst: Only two points recorded before titrator found endpoint, program error. Code bad. 93/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 13 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Analyst: Only two points recorded before titrator found endpoint, program error. Code bad. 93/1 121 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Analyst: Only two points recorded before titrator found endpoint, program error. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 93/1 124 O2 3 O2 value 17.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Analyst hit wrong button: extra thio added to sample before analysis. Code bad. 93/1 127 O2 3 O2 value 18 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Analyst: Only two points recorded before titrator found endpoint, program error. Code bad. 93/1 128 O2 3 O2 value 3.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. O2 Analyst: Only two points recorded before titrator found endpoint, program error. Code bad. 94/1 106 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 0.5+ deg.C high; O2/Salinity/SIO3 low, PO4/NO3 high. Code as mis-trip. 94/1 106 Nitrite 4 Nutrients show bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 106 Nitrate 4 PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 106 O2 4 O2 value 23 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp slightly high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 106 Phosphate 4 PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 106 Salinity 4 Salinity low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 106 Silicate 4 SIO3 low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 94/1 123 O2 3 O2 value 7 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 94/1 129 O2 3 O2 value 10 µmol/kg high, code questionable. 95/1 103 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 95/1 105 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 95/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 95/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 96/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 96/1 120 Salinity 5 Salt bottle had a small crack, exploded when Autosal applied pressure. Code sample lost. 96/1 134 Bottle 2 Spigot leaks when vent opened. Top cap o-ring replaced but the spigot still leaks. 98/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Analyst: "sample had unusual color". Code questionable. 98/2 208 Bottle 2 Bottle flows without opening valve. 98/2 216 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 98/2 218 Bottle 4 Bottle did not close. 98/2 235 Bottle 2 Leaking from bottom endcap with valve open. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 99/1 108 Bottle 2 Top valve open. 99/1 118 Nitrate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 99/1 118 Phosphate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 99/1 118 Silicate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 99/1 119 Nitrate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 99/1 119 Phosphate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 99/1 119 Silicate 3 Nutrient values for 18/19 appear to be switched, code questionable. 100/1 104 ccl4 9 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 100/1 104 cfc11 9 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 100/1 104 cfc12 9 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 100/1 107 ccl4 2 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 100/1 107 cfc11 2 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 100/1 107 cfc12 2 80% certain CFC sample 613 drawn from niskin 7, and niskin 4 not sampled. 101/1 ALL - Bottom depth recorded at first bottle trip was CTD depth, not seabeam. Use CTD + altimeter = (3322+13) = 3335m. 101/1 102 O2 2 Flask 2 possibly mis-sampled; re-sampled with 37 and 40 (rep). 101/1 108 Bottle 2 Leaks with valve closed: O-ring 101/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 102/1 101 Bottle 3 Salinity high, Nutrients low, but do not match any other single depth. Apparently bottle leaked. Code as leaking. 102/1 101 Nitrite 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 102/1 101 Nitrate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 102/1 101 O2 4 O2 value slightly low, Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 102/1 101 Phosphate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 102/1 101 Salinity 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 102/1 101 Silicate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 102/1 129 Bottle 3 Leaking: lanyard between top endcap and bottle. Not sampled 103/1 104 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 106 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp in line, but O2/SIO3 low, PO4/NO3 high: from near 1140db. Code as mis-trip. 103/1 106 Nitrite 4 Nutrients show bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 103/1 106 Nitrate 4 PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 103/1 106 O2 4 O2 value 12 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 103/1 106 Phosphate 4 PO4/NO3 high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 103/1 106 Salinity 4 Salinity value very low vs CTDS, bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 103/1 106 Silicate 4 SIO3 low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 103/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 115 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 117 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 118 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 103/1 120 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 104/1 134 ccl4 9 Sample log shows same CFC syringe for niskins 27, 34; niskin 34 not sampled for cfc. 104/1 134 cfc11 9 Sample log shows same CFC syringe for niskins 27, 34; niskin 34 not sampled for cfc. 104/1 134 cfc12 9 Sample log shows same CFC syringe for niskins 27, 34; niskin 34 not sampled for cfc. 104/1 134 sf6 9 Sample log shows same CFC syringe for niskins 27, 34; niskin 34 not sampled for cfc. 105/1 ALL - Raining during sampling; bottom depth recorded at first bottle trip was from CTD display, not seabeam. Use CTD + altimeter = (3571+39) = 3610m. 105/1 103 O2 3 O2 value 1.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 105/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 106/1 101 Bottle 3 Salinity high, Nutrients low, but do not match any other single depth. Apparently bottle leaked. Code as leaking. 106/1 101 Nitrite 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 101 Nitrate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 101 O2 4 O2 value slightly low, Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 101 Phosphate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 101 Salinity 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 101 Silicate 4 Salinity high, Nutrients low, apparently bottle leaked. Code bad. 106/1 119 Bottle 4 Bottle did not close. 106/1 136 Bottle 4 Bottle did not close. 108/1 104 Bottle 2 bottom cap leaky. 111/1 112 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 112/1 110 Bottle 2 Leaking from vent O-ring. 113/1 ALL - XBT wire on the rosette frame. 114/1 ALL - XBT wire on the frame. 114/1 108 O2 3 O2 value 22 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2; O2 Draw Temp, nutrients ok. Code questionable. 114/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS, code questionable. 114/1 119 Bottle 2 Valve was not closed, no CFC drawn. 115/1 113 O2 3 O2 value 2.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 116/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 1.35 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 116/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS, code questionable. 118/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp ok, but O2/Nuts match niskin 19 data. Code as mis-trip. 118/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nutrients match niskin 19 values, bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 118/1 118 Nitrate 4 Nutrients match niskin 19 values, bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 118/1 118 O2 4 O2 value 13 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Matches niskin 19 data, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 118/1 118 Phosphate 4 Nutrients match niskin 19 values, bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 118/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity value low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 118/1 118 Silicate 4 Nutrients match niskin 19 values, bottle mis- tripped. Code bad. 122/1 111 Salinity 5 Bottle 411 broken prior to analysis, code sample lost. 122/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity value +0.11 vs CTDS, matches value from bottle 12; suspect mis-sampled. Code questionable. 123/1 112 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 124/1 120 O2 3 O2 value 6 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 126/1 ALL - light mist during sampling. 127/1 101 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 127/1 118 Bottle 2 Broken nipple, replaced. 127/1 133 Bottle 2 Nipple replaced. 128/1 102 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 128/1 105 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 128/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 128/1 117 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 129/1 105 O2 3 O2 value 2 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 130/1 101 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 101 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 102 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 102 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 103 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 103 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 104 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 104 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 105 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 105 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 106 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 106 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 107 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 107 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 108 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 108 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 109 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 109 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 130/1 109 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 130/1 110 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 110 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 111 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 111 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 112 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 112 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 113 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 113 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 114 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 114 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 115 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 115 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 116 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 116 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 117 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 117 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 118 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 118 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 119 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 119 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 120 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 120 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 121 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 121 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 122 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 122 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 123 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 123 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 124 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 124 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 125 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 125 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 126 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 126 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 127 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 127 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 128 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 128 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 129 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 129 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 130 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 130 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 131 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 131 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 130/1 132 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 132 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 133 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 133 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 134 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 134 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 135 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 135 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 130/1 136 CTDS2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDS2 bad. 130/1 136 CTDT2 4 Bio-fouling on CTDT2 sensor, code CTDT2 bad. 131/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly low vs CTDS, code questionable. 131/1 114 O2 3 O2 value 15 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp ok. Code questionable. 131/1 118 Bottle 4 O2 Draw Temp 2+ deg.C higher than expected; O2/nutrients indicate tripped near 100db/O2+NO2 max. Code as mis-trip. 131/1 118 Nitrite 4 Nitrite high, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 131/1 118 O2 4 O2 value 75+ µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, O2 Draw Temp 2+ deg.C high: bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 131/1 118 Phosphate 4 SIO3/PO4 low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 131/1 118 Salinity 4 Salinity value low vs CTDS, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 131/1 118 Silicate 4 SiO3/PO4 low, bottle mis-tripped. Code bad. 132/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDs, code questionable. 132/1 103 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDs, code questionable. 133/1 109 Bottle 2 Leaks with valve closed. 134/1 111 Bottle 2 Leaks with valve closed. (O-ring found missing after sta.140, replaced.) 135/1 122 Bottle 2 No trip recorded in .bl file for btl.22; re- tripped. Possible that bottles 22/23 both tripped at 42db, 24 at 20db, and no surface sample. 135/1 123 Bottle 2 No trip recorded in .bl file for btl.22; re- tripped. Possible that bottles 22/23 both tripped at 42db, 24 at 20db, and no surface sample. 135/1 124 Bottle 2 No trip recorded in .bl file for btl.22; re- tripped. Possible that bottles 22/23 both tripped at 42db, 24 at 20db, and no surface sample. 138/1 111 Bottle 2 Leaks with valve closed. (O-ring found missing after sta.140, replaced.) Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 140/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS, code questionable. 140/1 111 Bottle 2 Leaks with valve closed: missing O-ring on top endcap, replaced after cast. 142/1 ALL - Changed batteries/tested O2 Thermistor after sampling. 142/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 142/1 110 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 111 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 112 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 113 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 114 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 115 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 142/1 116 O2 2 O2 Draw Temp appears 2-4 deg.C low, interpolated new value from bottles 9/17 based on fairly consistent slope for CTD Temps in this range. 144/1 129 Salinity 5 Computer malfunction (laptop froze up), code sample lost. 145/1 121 Bottle 3 Lanyard caught in top endcap, not sampled. 145/1 122 Bottle 4 Did not trip. 145/1 126 O2 2 O2 value -4 µmol/kg vs downcast CTDO2, matches upcast. Code acceptable. 145/1 135 Bottle 3 Valve was open, most gases not sampled. Code as leaking. 145/1 135 O2 3 O2 value -5.5 µmol/kg vs CTDO2, valve open. Code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 145/1 136 Bottle 2 Valve was open, some gases not sampled. 146/1 109 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 146/1 119 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 147/1 134 O2 3 O2 value 3 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 148/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity value high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 148/1 118 Salinity 3 Salinity value low vs CTDS. Code questionable. 150/1 119 Bottle 2 Spring broke off while cocking rosette, fixed before cast. Niskin has "nicropress" fitting inside bottle on this cast. 150/1 125 Bottle 2 Drains without valve open. 151/1 107 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 151/1 114 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDO2, code questionable. 151/1 126 O2 2 O2 value -11 µmol/kg vs downcast CTDO2, but matches upcast feature. Code acceptable. 152/1 130 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. 152/1 131 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. 152/1 132 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. 152/1 133 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 152/1 134 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. 152/1 135 Salinity 2 Salt bottles 530,534,535 out of order in Salt Box 500 at analysis time; sample log says niskin/salt bottle numbers same order. 530 clearly goes with Niskin 30; Niskin 33-36 salinity/CTDS all similar with low differences. Use sample log assignment, code acceptable. 153/1 104 O2 3 O2 value 1.5 µmol/kg high vs CTDO2. Code questionable. 154/1 ALL - Light rain during start of sampling. 154/1 103 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 154/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 156/1 118 Bottle 2 "Niskin 18 very stiff" 156/1 124 CTDO 3 Surface CTDO2 3 µmol/kg low, slow to equilibrate at top of yoyo; code questionable. 157/1 ALL - slight drizzle on deck. 158/1 122 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 158/1 123 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 158/1 124 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 159/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 159/1 122 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 159/1 123 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 159/1 124 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 160/1 111 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 160/1 119 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, code questionable. 161/1 ALL - Snowing during sampling. 161/1 111 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 162/1 103 Bottle 2 Bottle fired 2x with software, 1x with DU: confirmed only after firing with DU. 162/1 104 Bottle 2 Bottles fired 1x with software, 1x with DU: confirmed only after firing with DU. 162/1 105 Bottle 2 Bottles fired 1x with software, 1x with DU: confirmed only after firing with DU. 162/1 106 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 107 Bottle 2 Did not confirm; CTD trip data extracted from 40 seconds after stopping at trip level. 162/1 108 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 162/1 109 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 110 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 111 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 112 Bottle 2 Did not confirm; recovered using scan marked at time of firing. 162/1 113 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 114 Bottle 2 Did not confirm; recovered using scan marked at time of firing. 162/1 115 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 116 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 117 Bottle 2 Did not confirm; recovered using scan marked at time of firing. 162/1 118 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 119 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 120 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 121 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 122 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 123 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 162/1 124 Bottle 2 Bottle fired from DU only, confirmed on screen. 164/1 122 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 164/1 123 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 164/1 124 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 165/1 121 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 166/1 ALL - Snowing on station. Air T is 2.4 deg. C. 166/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 166/1 102 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS. Code questionable. 166/1 121 Salinity 3 Salinity low vs CTDS, code questionable. 167/1 122 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 167/1 123 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 167/1 124 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 168/1 101 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 168/1 110 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 168/1 115 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 168/1 116 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 117 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 118 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 119 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 120 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 121 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 122 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 168/1 122 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 168/1 123 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 168/1 123 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 168/1 124 Bottle 2 Filtered nuts on 122-124. 168/1 124 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Code bottles 15-24 (after 2-hour time delay during run) questionable. 169/1 101 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 102 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 103 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 104 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 105 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 169/1 106 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 107 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 108 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 109 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 110 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 111 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 169/1 112 Salinity 3 Room T ran over 24C bath Temp for 9 hours, as much as 25.5C, during end of sta.168/all of sta.169 run. Mid-run duplicate salts are 0.004 lower than start-/end-run values; end standard only +0.001 drift. Deepest 12 salinity values appear 0.003 lower on station 169 vs nearby casts, code questionable. 169/1 122 Salinity 3 Salinity high vs CTDS, mid-gradient and CTDS also noisy. Code questionable. 170/1 105 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 170/1 106 Salinity 3 Salinity slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 171/1 101 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 102 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 103 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 104 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 105 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 171/1 106 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 107 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 108 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 109 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 110 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 111 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 171/1 112 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 113 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 114 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 115 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 116 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 117 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 118 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 171/1 119 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 120 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 121 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 122 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 123 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 171/1 124 O2 2 Standard Temp. 3 deg.C higher than usual during this run: room T rose several deg.C due to A/C tripping off. Dropping standard T by 3 deg.C only accounts for 20% of the difference. O2 values below minimum avg. 1.0 µmol/kg low vs nearby casts, but within 0.5-1%. Coded acceptable. 172/1 105 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. Stn/ Samp Qual Cast No Property Code Comment ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------------------------------------------- 172/1 108 O2 3 O2 value 1.5 µmol/kg low vs CTDO2, code questionable. 172/1 108 Salinity 3 Salinity value slightly high vs CTDS, code questionable. 172/1 111 Bottle 2 He sampled after o2 on this bottle. 173/1 ALL - snowing during sampling. Meter wheel read -85 on deck/cast end: Survey Tech says it WAS zeroed at cast start. Winch max. wireout 65m less than max. cast depth, even after applying slope correction factor. 173/1 124 Salinity 2 salt bottle only half full - no more water in niskin. 174/1 ALL - light drizzle while sampling 996/1 101 Salinity 5 Code samples as lost. 996/1 102 Salinity 5 Code samples as lost. 996/1 103 Salinity 5 Code samples as lost. 998/1 101 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 102 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 103 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 104 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 105 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 106 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 107 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 108 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 109 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 110 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 111 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 112 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 113 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 114 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. 998/1 115 Bottle 3 Rosette returned from 543db upcast to 2927db (deeper than first max. pressure) to fix level wind problem; bottles may have leaked. REFERENCES Brad88. Bradshaw, A. L. and Brewer, P. G., "High precision measurements of alkalinity and total carbon dioxide in seawater by potentiometric titration, 1: Presence of unknown protolyte(s)?," Mar. Chem., 23, pp. 69-86 (1988). Brow78. Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity, temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978). Bull88. Bullister, J. L. and Weiss, R. F., "Determination of CC13F and CC12F2 seawater and air," Deep-Sea Res., 25, pp. 839-853 (1988). Carp65. Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp. 141-143 (1965). Chen95. Chen, H., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., and Greeley, D., "Measurement of fugacity of carbon dioxide in sub-surface water: An evaluation of a method based on infrared analysis.," NOAA Technical Memorandum (1995). Chip93. Chipman, D. 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G., "An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total CO2 from titration data," Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 28, pp. 609-623 (1981). Dick90. Dickson, A. G., "Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K," Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 37, 5, pp. 755-766 (1990). Dick93. Dickson, A. G., "The measurement of seawater pH," Mar. Chem., 44, pp. 131-142 (1993). Dick94. Dickson, A. G., "Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration," WHP Operations and Methods (1994a). Dick87. Dickson, A. G. and Millero, F. J., "A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media," Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 34, 10, pp. 1733-1743 (1987). Dick79. Dickson, A. G. and Riley, J. P., "The estimation of acid dissociation constants in seawater media from potentiometric titration with strong base, 1: The ionic product of water-KSUS-w," Mar. Chem., 7, 2, pp. 89-99 (1979). 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K., "Electrochemical equivalents of benzoic and oxalic acid," Anal. Chem., 40, pp. 1645-1651 (1968). Mill82. Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982). Mill93. Millero, F. J., Zhang, J-Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M., "Titration alkalinity of seawater," Mar. Chem., 44, pp. 153-165 (1993b). Owen85. Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985). Prin00. Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., Cunnold, D. M., Alyea, F. N., O'Doherty, S., Salameh, P., Miller, B. R., Huang, J., Wang, R. H. J., Hartley, D. E., Harth, C., Steele, L. P., Sturrock, G., Midgley, P. M., and McCulloch, A., "A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE," J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 17,751-17,792 (2000). Rame77. Ramette, R. W., Culberson, C. H., and Bates, R. G., "Acid-base properties of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffers in seawater from 5 to 40 deg.C," Anal. Chem., 49, pp. 867-870 (1977). Tayl59. Taylor, J. K. and Smith, S. W., "Precise coulometric titration of acids and bases," J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds., 63, pp. 153-159 (1959). Thur07. Thurnherr, A. M., How To Process LADCP Data With the LDEO Software (last updated for v. IX.4) (Jan. 5, 2007). Thur06. Thurnherr, A. M. and Huber, B., Setup and Operation of the LDEO Lowered ADCP System (Jan. 20, 2006). UNES81. UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 37, p. 144 (1981). Wann93. Wanninkhof, R. and Thoning, K., "Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods.," Mar. Chem., 44, 2-4, pp. 189-205 (1993). Wilk93. Wilke, R. J., Wallace, D. W. R., and Johnson, K. M., "Water-based gravimetric method for the determination of gas loop volume.," Analytical Chemistry, 65, pp. 2403-2406. (1993). CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Contact Data Type Action Summary ---------- --------- ------------- ---------------- -------------------------- 2007-11-28 Diggs Cruise Report Website Update PDF doc online, cruise entered 2007-12-15 Diggs EXPO Website Update Expocode changed due to new dep. date According to Mary's first message, your departure time is 0215 15, 2007 GMT. Based on this information new expocode for P18 2007: 33RO20071215. 2008-02-25 Johnson,G CTD/BTL Submitted SALNTY/OXYGN Near the end of the 2007/2008 reoccupation of WOCE Section P18, with some helpful input from Mary Johnson and Alex Orsi, Kristy McTaggart and I decided to adjust some station groupings for preliminary CTD/O2 conductivity calibrations using bottle salts. We finished this work too late to get them integrated into the shipboard preliminary data package that Mary distributed on the ship and is bringing back to SIO, but not too late to send them to you before leaving Punta Arenas. I am attaching these new preliminary CTD/O2 profiles and CTD/O2 values at bottle stops (all the CTD/O2 stations and a bottle file with CTD/O2 and some other values in WOCE format) as a gzipped tar file. I think this version of the calibration is enough of an improvement over the values we gave Mary that the CTD/O2 profiles in this file, along with the CTD/O2 values at bottle stops, should be what are posted on the web for preliminary distribution. I hope this does not cause too much inconvenience. If you have any questions, please let me know. Kristy is on vacation for a few weeks, but I should be back in the office this Thursday, if all goes well. 2008-02-29 Johnson,G BTL/SUM Submitted use CTD/O2 values submitted 2/25/08 The sum and sea files that Mary made during the cruise are attached. You may make the data public on the website. Again, the CTD/O2 values in the sea file attached should be replaced with those in the sea file that I sent you a few days ago. 2008-03-12 Diggs SUM/DOC Data Update ODF Sumfile and PDF Report online The SUMfile from ODF (M. Johnson) as well as the PDF documenation file are now online. New cruise track maps are also available online, made from SUMfile. Prelim-inary cruise tracks removed. 2008-04-08 Johnson,G CTD Data Update Ctdprs, ctdtmp, ctdsal, ctdoxy the values for CTDPRS, CTDTMP, CTDSAL, and CTDOXY from the attached file, p18_allo.sea, should be substituted into Mary's bottle file. 2008-07-02 Johnson,M ALKALI/CFCs Data Update fixed coding error, CFC redundancies I updated the one last TALK code for station 43-127, and re-created the 3 data files for P18. CFC redundancies resolved as analyst resubmitted the data to me with only one value reported per bottle. 2008-07-17 Kappa Cruise Report Website Updated: New PDF & Text docs online • Created text doc • Added Data Processing Notes to pdf and txt docs • Added links to tables and figures in pdf doc • Added CCHDO station track to pdf doc 2008-08-14 McTaggart CTD Submitted Data are Final Attached is our short version of the final P18 .sea file with final calibrations applied to CTD temperature, salinity, and oxygen. It includes only STNNBR, CASTNO, SAMPNO, BTLNBR*, CTDRAW, CTDPRS, CTDTMP, CTDSAL*, CTDOXY*, THETA, SALNTY*, and QUALT1(1-4*). Basically, the header followed by the first 11 columns and then an abbreviated flag string. 2008-08-15 Johnson,G CTD Submitted Data are Final This week Kristy has given Steve Diggs at CCHDO the final CTD data and CTD values of pr, te, sa, & ox at bottle stops, so they should merge those instead of the revised ones we provided at the end of the cruise. 2008-09-09 Muus BTL-CTD Website Updated: CTD trip data in bottle file Notes on p18_2007 CTD trip data merge Sept 8, 2008/dm ORIGINAL data files: woce format bottle data file "p18.sea" from /data/co2clivar/pacific/p18/p18_33RO20071215/original/20080819_ Johnson-Mary_update woce format summary file from "p18.sum" from /data/co2clivar/pacific/p18/p18_33RO20071215/original/20080819_ Johnson-Mary_update (This summary file has EXPOCODE on stations from Jan 21, 2008, to end of cruise changed from 33RO20080121 to 33RO20071215) NEW data file: CTD trip data file "p18_cchdo.sea" from Kristy McTaggart, NOAA,August 14, 2008, email 1) Deleted from odf woce format file p18.sea: STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO all data 46 1 -9 -9 52 1 -9 -9 55 1 -9 -9 71 1 -9 -9 167 1 -9 -9 2) PH parameter mnemonic changed to PH_SWS PH_SCALE deleted PH_TMP changed to PH_TEMP per Jim Swift August 22, 2008 email re "Revised Guidelines for pH" 3) CDOM changed to CDOM325 CDMSLOG changed to CDOMSL because CDMSLOG not on hyd_to_exchange.pl parameter list. CDMSNLF changed to CDOMSN " CDMSNLF " Following CDOM values significantly higher than adjacent values but with Q flags = "2"s. Sta 46 Ca 1 Smp 32 ctdp 60.2db All CDOM values 82 1 30 132.3db CDOM325, CDOM340, CDOM380 & CDOM412 only. 4) SF6 Sta 149 Ca 1 Sample 30 11.5 high. Quality flag 6. Left as is for now Sta 173 Ca 1 Sample 15 -194.378 changed to -9.000. Quality flag 3 changed to 5 Added John Bullister as SF6 P.I. per Bullister email Aug 20, 2008. Email also says further SF6 updates are expected. 5) Following parameters are included but are not described in CCHDO parameter list. All have missing value indicators and quality flags 9 or 1: CDOM2C CDOM3C DELSI30 DELSITY N15-N2 N2 (AZOTE?) O18-O2 (O18O16) 2008-09-10 Muus BTL Website Updated Data citations added Data citation comments added to P18_2007 Exchange bottle file. 2008-10-14 Nelson CDOM Submitted Supersede reported at-sea data Parameters reported: CDOM325 [1/M] Absorption coefficient of CDOM at 325 nm CDOM340 [1/M] Absorption coefficient of CDOM at 340 nm CDOM380 [1/M] Absorption coefficient of CDOM at 380 nm CDOM412 [1/M] Absorption coefficient of CDOM at 412 nm SLOG [1/NM] Log spectral slope of absorption spectrum (320-400 nm) computed by linear regression of log-transformed data SNLF [1/NM] Log spectral slope of absorption spectrum (320-400 nm) computed by non-linear curve fit These spectroscopic data have been recalibrated based on the UCSB Ultrapath calibration 7a, 2008. They supersede data reported at-sea on the P18 expedition. 2008-11-10 Kozyr BTL Submitted FINAL, not yet online Action: Merge Data, Place Online Notes: here are the final DIC (TCO2), TALK, DOC, and TDN data for the merge into the hydro file. 2008-11-11 Key, Dr. CFCs Data Status DATA ARE PRELIMINARY 2008-11-12 Bullister CFCs Submitted FINAL, not yet online I just uploaded a file of the CLIVAR P18 final CFC-11, CFC-12, carbon tetrachloride and sulfur hexafluoride data to the CCHDO website. 2008-11-18 Kozyr CO2 Submitted FINAL, not yet online Action: Merge Data, Place Online Notes: Here are the final and public TCO2, TALK, pH, DOC, and TDN data. Please, discard a previous submission of these parameters. I will receive the discrete pCO2 measurements soon from Rik Wanninkhof and will send you the numbers separately. Please, let me know when you done with merging these parameters. 2008-11-21 Mordy NUTs Submitted Released by PI Action: Merge Data, Place Online, Updated Parameters 2009-05-14 Muus BTL Website Updated: CO2/CFC/SF6/NUTs/CDOM online WOCE format (20080925CCHDODM) and EXCHANGE format (20080925dm) bottle files have been modified. 1) Carbon data merged from file p18_2007_DIC_TALK_PH_DOC_TDN_2008 received from Alex Kozyr, ORNL, on Nov 18, 2008 [TCARBN, ALKALI,PH_SWS,DOC,TDN] (TDN is new parameter) 2) CFC data merged from file CLIVAR_P18_CFCS_SF6_sentto_CCHDO_12Nov2008.txt received from John Bullister, PMEL, on Nov 11, 2008 CFC-11, CFC-12, CCL4 & SF6 all reported to 4 decimal places in data file. CCHDO precision for CFCs & CCL4 is 3 places so data were merged to 3 places. CCHDO precision for SF6 not specified so SF6 data merged to 4 places. Previous cruises had SF6 data to 2 places. Left as is for now. 3) Nutrient data merged from file P18_Nutrients_umol-kg.txt received from Calvin Mordy, PMEL, on Nov 21, 2008 PHSPHT, SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT] 4) CDOM data merged from file ucsb_cdom_p18_s7a_20090130.txt received from Norman Nelson, UCSB, on Feb 2, 2009 [CDOM325, CDOM340, CDOM380, CDOM412, CDOM443, CDOM490, CDOM555, CDOMSL, CDOMSN] (CDOM2C & CDOM3c were in original bottle file with all missing data; no new data received.) • About 50 sampling levels had CDOMs in shipboard data set but not in the Feb 2, 2009, file. • I replaced the ones I could find with -9s and Quality Flags 5 per Norm Nelson message April 8,2009. 5) The Exchange format file, p18_33RO20071215_hy1.csv, was checked with Java Ocean Atlas. The WOCE format file, p18_33RO20071215hy.txt, was checked with the new WOCE to Exchange format program. 6) No data have been received yet for the following parameters: TRITUM, HELIUM, DELHE3, DELC14, DELC13, O18-O2, ARGON, DON, CDOM2C, CDOM3C, POC, DENSITY, DELSI30, N2 and N15-N2 Expect no data for DON since it is derived from TDN, NITRAT and NITRIT per Craig Carlson, UCSB, msg of April 8, 2009. 7) Expect updated PCO2 soon from AOML. 2009-05-15 Quay C13/C14 Collected Not yet analyzed The seawater samples that John collected on P18 for 13C and 14C analyses are in my lab. Since I don't have funding for the 13C (or 14C) analyses on this cruise, the sample processing has a lower priority and will happen slowly. Thus, there are no 13C or 14C data to report at this time. 2009-06-09 Diggs CTD Website Updated: NetCDF CTD files online 2009-06-18 Kappa Cruise Report Website Updated: PDF & Text files updated/online • Changed PI for C13/C14 to Paul Quay • Updated Data Processing Notes 2010-07-14 Kozyr FCO2 to go online Action: Merge Data Alex Kozyr submitted these FCO2 updates by email. From his email: here is attached the final and public FCO2 data we received from Rik Wanninkhof (AOML) for cruise 33RO20071215 P18_2007. Please, merge the data and let me know when merging is done. Please, note that the header for this parameter it FCO2, not PCO2 as it is now in the .hy file online (per Rik) with FCO2_TMP and FCO2_FLAG_W columns. 2010-07-29 Fields FCO2 Exchange/NetCDF files online FC02 was submitted by Alex Kozyr by email on July 14. I merged the FCO2, FCO2_TMP, and FCO2_FLAG_W columns into the current file without issue. After merging I created a netcdf bottle file as well. The new exchange bottle file and netcdf bottle file are now online. 2010-09-13 Berys BTL Citations added File: p18_33RO20071215_hy1.csv datestamp: 20100913CCHDOSIOCBG original moved to: original/p18_33RO20071215_rplcd_20100913_hy1.csv Citations added by A. Barna Formatted using copy_exchange_bot.rb (J. Fields) working directory: original/2010.09.13_P18_citation_CBG/ 2010-11-17 Kozyr pH to go online Action: Place Online, Updated Parameters Notes: revised pH_SWS, PH_TEMP, and PH_FLAG_W data sent by Frank Millero at RSMA 2011-04-25 Berys pH Available under 'Files as received' File p18_2007_PH_20101116_25C.csv containing pH data, submitted by Alex Kozyr on 2010-11-17, available under 'Files as received', unprocessed by CCHDO. 2011-05-02 Bullister Documentation CFC report submitted I noticed that the CFC section (3.3) of the cruise report at the website has not been updated. Please replace it with the attached file. 2011-05-03 Kappa Documentation New CFC report online Bullister's CFC report of 2011-05-02 has been merged into the text and pdf versions of the online cruise reports.