TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR
                                       BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8




CRUISE REPORT: SR03_2001
(Updated SEP 2007)


A.  HIGHLIGHTS

A.1.  CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

                  Section designation  SR03_2001
    Expedition designation (ExpoCode)  09AR20011029
                      Chief scientist  STEVE RINTOUL/CSIRO
                                Dates  29 OCT 2001 - 13 DEC 2001
                                 Ship  RSV Aurora Australis
                         Port of call  Hobart, Australia

                                                   44°0.16'S
                Geographic boundaries  139°47.71'E           146°21.01'E
                                                   67°9.42'S

                             Stations  135
         Floats and drifters deployed  0
       Moorings deployed or recovered  2 serviced, 1 deployed

                                 STEVE RINTOUL
            CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Castray Esplanade
                       Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
                         email: steve.rintoul@csiro.au







                                                               AURORA AUSTRALIS 
                                                  MARINE SCIENCE CRUISE AU0103, 
                                                           CLIVAR-SR3 TRANSECT: 
                                               OCEANOGRAPHIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS 
                                                                   and ANALYSIS

                                                                 MARK ROSENBERG
                                             Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
                                                                  STEVE RINTOUL
                                          CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
                                                                   STEPHEN BRAY
                                             Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
                                                                    CLODAGH MOY
                                             Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
                                                                 NEALE JOHNSTON
                                          CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research







                          ANTARCTIC CLIMATE & ECOSYSTEMS
                           COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE
                              TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4


MARK ROSENBERG
 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
 Private Bag 80
 Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
 email: mark.rosenberg@utas.edu.au

 
STEVE RINTOUL
 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
 Castray Esplanade
 Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
 email: steve.rintoul@csiro.au
 
STEPHEN BRAY
 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
 Private Bag 80
 Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
 email: s.bray@utas.edu.au
 
CLODAGH MOY
 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC
 Private Bag 80
 Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
 email: clodagh.moy@utas.edu.au
 
NEALE JOHNSTON
 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
 Underwood Ave
 Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
 email: neale.johnston@csiro.au
 
Cover photos courtesy of George Cresswell
(c) Cooperative Research Centre for Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems 2006
ISSN:  1833-2404
ISBN:  1-921197-02-1
November 2006
Published by the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, 
  Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 76 pp.
Aurora Australis Marine Science Cruise AU0103, CLIVAR-SR3 Transect: 
  Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis




CONTENTS

Abstract
1  Introduction
2  Cruise itinerary and summary
3  Problems encountered
4  Field data collection methods
4.1  CTD instrumentation
4.2  Niskin bottle sampling
4.3  CTD instrument and data calibration
4.4  ADCP
4.5  Underway measurements
5  CTD and bottle data results
5.1  CTD data
5.1.1  Conductivity/salinity and temperature
5.1.2  Pressure
5.1.3  Dissolved oxygen
5.1.4  Fluorescence and transmittance
5.1.5  Conductivity signal noise
5.2  Niskin bottle data

APPENDIX 1  Hydrochemistry cruise laboratory report
A1.1  Salinity
A1.2  Dissolved oxygen
A1.3  Nutrients
A1.4  General data handling
A1.5  Laboratories
A1.6  Temperature monitoring and control
A1.7  Purified water
A1.8  Additional samples analysed

APPENDIX 2  Data file types and formats
A2.1  CTD data
A2.2  Niskin bottle data
A2.3  Station information
A2.4  Matlab format
A2.5  WOCE data format
A2.5.1  CTD 2 dbar-averaged data files
A2.5.2  Bottle data files
A2.5.3  Conversion of units for dissolved oxygen and nutrients
A2.5.3.1  Dissolved oxygen
A2.5.3.2  Nutrients
A2.5.4  Station information file
A2.6  ADCP data
A2.7  Underway data

APPENDIX 3   CFC measurements on AU0103 (CLIVAR repeat of P12) - Preliminary 
             shipboard report
A3.1  CFC sampling procedures and data processingA3.2  Analytical problems

APPENDIX 4   Inter-cruise comparisons
A4.1  Introduction
A4.2  Salinity
A4.3  Niskin bottle data
A4.3.1  Dissolved oxygen
A4.3.2  Phosphate
A4.3.3  Nitrate+nitrite
A4.3.4  Silicate
References
Acknowledgements



TABLES

Table  1: Summary of cruise itinerary
Table  2: Summary of station information for cruise AU0103
Table  3: Summary of samples drawn from Niskin bottles at each station.
Table  4: Summary of mooring recovery and deployment information..
Table  5: Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water sampling 
          programs.
Table  6: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise AU0103.
Table  7: Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD serial numbers 
          1193 and 1103 (unit numbers 5 and 7 respectively) used during cruise 
          AU0103.
Table  8: Surface pressure offsets
Table  9: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients..
Table 10: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3 . N)
Table 11: CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing.
Table 12: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files
Table 13: 2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values.
Table 14: Suspect 2 dbar averages for the indicated parameters
Table 15: Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from bottle data 
          file).
Table 16: Digital reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are 
          listed.
Table 17: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients

APPENDIX 1

  Table A1.1:  Summary of IAPSO Standard Seawater (ISS) batches used for 
               salinometer standardisations during cruise AU0103.
APPENDIX 2

  Table A2.1: Definition of quality flags for CTD data
  Table A2.2: Definition of quality flags for Niskin bottles (i.e. parameter 
              BTLNBR in *.sea files).
  Table A2.3: Definition of quality flags for water samples in *.sea files

APPENDIX 4
  Table A4.1: Stations from each cruise used for parameter comparisons


FIGURES

Figure 1a and b: CTD station positions and mooring locations for cruise AU0103.
Figure 2: Hull mounted ADCP 30 minute ensemble data, for (a) all data, and 
       (b) 'on station' (i.e. ship speed ≤ 0.35 m/s) data.
Figure 3: Apparent ADCP vertical current shear, calculated from uncorrected 
       (i.e. ship speed included) ADCP velocities
Figure 4a and b: Comparison between (a) CTD and underway temperature data, and 
       (b) CTD and underway salinity data, including bestfit lines
Figure 5: Conductivity ratio cbtl/ccal versus station number for cruise AU0103
Figure 6: Salinity residual (sbtl - scal) versus station number for cruise 
       AU0103.
Figure 7a and b: Salinity residual versus (a) pressure, and (b) temperature, 
       for stations 71 to 97.
Figure 7c and d: Salinity residual versus (c) pressure, and (d) temperature, 
       for stations 114 to 125.
Figure 8a and b: Comparison between digital reversing thermometers and CTD 
       platinum temperature for cruise AU0103
Figure 9: Dissolved oxygen residual (obtl - ocal) versus station number for 
       cruise AU0103.
Figure 10: Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for AU0103.
Figure 11: Conductivity and temperature signal noise for CTDs 1193 and 1103.

APPENDIX 4

Figure A4.1a: Meridional section of neutral density for cruise au0103 along SR3 
       transect, including CTD station positions.
Figure A4.1b: Meridional section of neutral density for cruise au9601 along SR3 
       transect, including CTD station positions.
Figure A4.1c: Meridional section of neutral density for cruise au9404 along SR3 
       transect, including CTD station positions.
Figure A4.2: CTD salinity differences at the deep salinity maximum, along the 
       SR3 transect. Differences shown for au0103-au9601, au0103-au9404, and 
       au9601-au9404.
Figure A4.3a: au0103-au9601 bottle oxygen differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.3b: au0103-au9404 bottle oxygen differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.3c: au9601-au9404 bottle oxygen differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.4a: au0103-au9601 phosphate differences on neutral density surfaces.
Figure A4.4b: au0103-au9404 phosphate differences on neutral density surfaces.
Figure A4.4c: au9601-au9404 phosphate differences on neutral density surfaces.
Figure A4.5a: au0103-au9601 nitrate+nitrite differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.5b: au0103-au9404 nitrate+nitrite differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.5c: au9601-au9404 nitrate+nitrite differences on neutral density 
       surfaces.
Figure A4.6a: au0103-au9601 silicate differences on neutral density surfaces.
Figure A4.6b: au0103-au9404 silicate differences on neutral density surfaces.
Figure A4.6c: au9601-au9404 silicate differences on neutral density surfaces.








                                    ABSTRACT

Oceanographic measurements were conducted along CLIVAR Southern Ocean 
meridional repeat transect SR3 between Tasmania and Antarctica from October to 
December 2001. A total of 135 CTD vertical profile stations were taken, more 
than half to within 20 m of the bottom. Over 2200 Niskin bottle water samples 
were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, 
CFCs, CCl4, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, DMS/DMSP/DMSO, halocarbons, 
barium, barite, ammonia, (30Si, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, 
particulate silica, 15N-nitrate, 18O, 234Th, 230Th, 231Pa, primary productivity 
and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Near surface 
current data were collected using a ship mounted ADCP. Two sediment trap 
moorings were serviced, and a third mooring was deployed at a new location. A 
summary of all CTD data and data quality is presented in this report. 









1.  INTRODUCTION

Marine science cruise AU0103 was conducted aboard the RSV Aurora Australis from 
October to December 2001. The major constituent of the cruise was the seventh 
complete occupation of the CLIVAR SR3 section south of Tasmania (Figure 1a), 
and the first full occupation during the southern spring. Springtime 
measurements had previously been made during the 1991 occupation of SR3, though 
not to the full station density (Rintoul and Bullister, 1999). Previous 
completions of the transect are summarised in Rosenberg et al. (1997). 

The primary scientific objectives of the CLIVAR SR3 occupation were:

1. to measure changes in water mass properties and inventories throughout the 
   full ocean depth between Tasmania and Antarctica;
2. to estimate the transport of mass, heat and other properties south of 
   Australia, and to compare the results to previous occupations of the WOCE 
   SR3 line;
3. to identify mechanisms responsible for variability in ocean climate south 
   of Australia;
4. to observe the physical and biological properties of the upper ocean during 
   the period of the spring bloom;
5. to use repeat measurements to assess the skill of ocean and coupled models.

Additional CTD profiles were taken at nine 'particle station' sites to support 
the biogeochemical work. Three high resolution mini sections were also 
completed across the Antarctic Slope Front, with an additional line of CTDs 
taken across a bathymetric exit trough at the northwest end of the Mertz 
Depression (Figure 1b). Note that intensive CTD and mooring measurements in 
this southern shelf region were made previously during the Mertz Polynya 
Experiment (Rosenberg et al., 2001). Two sediment trap moorings were serviced 
during the cruise, and a third sediment trap mooring was deployed at a new 
location (Figure 1b, Table 4).

This report describes the CTD, Niskin bottle, hull mounted ADCP and underway 
data and data quality for this cruise. All information required for use of the 
data set is presented in tabular and graphical form. Publications using the 
cruise data set include Aoki et al.(2005a), Aoki et al. (2005b), Cardinal et 
al. (2005a), Cardinal et al. (2005b), Jacquet et al. (2004) and Jacquet et al. 
(2005).


2.  CRUISE ITINERARY AND SUMMARY

The ship departed Hobart on October 29th 2001, and a test CTD was done (station 
1) in 1000 m of water. The SR3 transect then commenced, and 12 CTDs were 
completed. Note that throughout the SR3 line, double dips were taken at 
approximately every second or third location, not counting particle stations 
(Table 2). The double dipping involved taking both a shallow cast to 350 m and 
a full depth cast (in either order), to gain more vertical resolution for 
Niskin bottle samples in the upper profile.

After CTD station 13 the ship moved to the west of the transect line and the 
first particle station was occupied at ~142°E. Four CTDs were taken, and the 
sediment trap mooring SAZ-B (Figure 1a) was recovered then redeployed (complete 
details are described in the unpublished cruise mooring report). The SR3 
transect was then resumed, continuing southward towards the Antarctic shelf. En 
route along the transect, a further 7 particle stations were occupied (Table 
2), the sediment trap mooring at SAZ-C was recovered then redeployed, a new 
sediment trap mooring was deployed at SAZ-F (Figure 1a), a high resolution mini 
transect was taken across the slope front (station 95 to 99), and a mini 
transect was taken across the exit trough at the northwest end of the Mertz 
Depression (station 101 to 104). Station 107 and 108 were taken next to the 
Mertz Glacier, the first in Buchanan Bay and the second to the northeast. 
Iceshelf water was measured, with temperatures as low as -2.04°C. Unfortunately 
conductivity measurements were bad for both these casts, due to instrument 
hardware failure. Two more mini sections were taken upstream and downstream of 
the exit trough (Table 2, Figure 1b), and the ninth particle station was 
occupied over the slope at 2500 m depth. 

Conditions on the way south were remarkably ice free, and on the return 
northward the ship detoured specifically to seek out pack ice suitable for 
study. Continuing on the transit north back to Hobart, 3 of the particle 
stations were reoccupied (Table 2).

CTD station details are summarised in Table 2, while Table 3 summarises the 
major Niskin bottle sampling for each station. Mooring deployment and recovery 
details are summarised in Table 4. Principal investigators for CTD and water 
sampling measurements are listed in Table 5, while cruise participants are 
listed in Table 6.


TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF CRUISE ITINERARY

Expedition Designation      AU0103, voyage 3 2001/2002 (cruise acronym CLIVAR)
Cruise Determining Program  CLIVAR SR3 section
Chief Scientist             Steve Rintoul (CSIRO)
Ship                        RSV Aurora Australis
Ports of Call               Hobart
Cruise Dates                October 29th to December 13th, 2001



3.  PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

  • During the test cast at station 1, the top few metres of seacable frayed 
    badly and a retermination was required. A further electric retermination was 
    required after station 6 as water was entering the cable join.
  • Significant data noise was observed for the first 8 casts, and the problem 
    was eventually traced to the CTD deck unit. The unit was replaced for 
    station 9 onwards.
  • The fluorometer was powered from a separate battery pack for CTD casts up to 
    station 108. Electrical shorts to seawater flattened the batteries during 
    stations 6 and 8.
  • Near the bottom of the cast at station 13, the CTD winch was unable to haul 
    and the package ended up sitting on the bottom for ~30 minutes in 4800 m of 
    water. When finally retrieved, there was surprisingly little damage to the 
    instruments beyond a mud-filled conductivity cell. It was decided that the 
    winch drum was overfilled with wire, and after station 15 1000 m of wire 
    were removed from the drum. At station 16, trouble was again experienced 
    below 4000 m when attempting to haul the package. After the cast the 
    pressure in the winch hydraulics was raised from 22 to 26 bar, which 
    appeared to fix the problem, and there were no further hauling problems for 
    the remainder of the cruise.
  • During station 30, the ship lost head repeatedly in the heavy swell, and the 
    cast was finally abandoned at 3200 dbar, with bottles tripped on the fly 
    during retrieval. During the cast, the CTD room shipped lots of water and a 
    set of sample containers and filter rigs were swept out the CTD door.
  • The stern gantry failed during work from the stern at the time of CTD 
    station 38 - the rack and pinion drive system could not be repaired at sea. 
    The 2 gilsson winches were rigged via a series of blocks for pulling the 
    gantry in and out. With this configuration, the gantry was usable for trawl 
    deck operations on the remainder of the cruise, however 4 crew were required 
    to drive the system. 
  • For Niskin bottle 19, a loose lanyard prior to station 60 allowed the bottom 
    end cap to pre-trip on many occasions. As a result, Niskin bottle samples 
    from bottle 19 were bad for many stations prior to station 60 (details given 
    in section 5.2).
  • Near the start of the cast at station 66, a single wire strand broke on the 
    CTD wire, bunching up and jamming in the sheaf as recovery was attempted. 
    Retermination was required.
  • The aft CTD winch drum was used for 'in situ pump' casts (P.I. Tom Trull). 
    When at the bottom of the pump cast after CTD station 88, with 3500 m of 
    wire out, a single strand broke on the wire. During the recovery, ~150 m of 
    this broken strand had to be cut away as it bunched up at the sheaf.
  • The conductivity hardware on CTD serial 1193 failed during station 107. 
    Replacement CTD serial 1103 was installed for station 109 onwards.



4.  FIELD DATA COLLECTION METHODS

4.1.  CTD INSTRUMENTATION

General Oceanics Mark IIIC CTDs including dissolved oxygen sensor were used for 
the entire cruise, mounted on a 24 bottle rosette frame, together with a G.O. 
model 1015 24-position pylon. CTD serial 1193 was used for stations 1 to 108, 
and CTD serial 1103 was used for remaining stations. 10-litre Niskin bottles 
were used for sample collection. All bottles were G.O., with the exception of 3 
NOAA bottles; one of the NOAA bottles was constructed of titanium, for low CFC 
blank levels. All Niskins were fitted with pre-baked neoprene o-rings and 
stainless steel springs (no teflon coating), again to lower CFC blank levels. A 
Benthos altimeter serial 142 was fitted for bottom location, and digital deep 
sea reversing thermometers (SIS model RTM4002X) were mounted on 3 bottles for 
checks of CTD temperature calibration (Table 16). 

A Sea Tech fluorometer, borrowed from CSIRO and rated to 6000 m, was fitted to 
the rosette frame for most stations up to station 108 (Table 3). This 
instrument was powered from a separate battery pack, also fitted to the frame. 
After station 108, the Antarctic Division Sea Tech fluorometer (rated to only 
3000 m) was used.

A Chelsea Instruments transmissometer, borrowed from CSIRO, was fitted to the 
frame for most stations up to station 52. The instrument was powered from the 
fluorometer battery pack, and data were fed through the licor channel. No good 
transmittance data were obtained in this configuration. Good data were however 
obtained after fitting the transmissometer to the CSIRO Seacat, deployed 
separately from the stern (B. Griffiths, pers. comm.).

A CSIRO copper ion selective electrode was fitted to the frame for station 76, 
with data fed through the fluorometer channel (P.I. Denis Mackey, CSIRO).


4.2.  NISKIN BOTTLE SAMPLING

Niskin bottles were sampled for numerous chemical and biological parameters 

throughout the cruise. Table 3 provides a summary of the main parameters 
sampled at each CTD station. Repeat shallow casts were taken at every second or 
third location on the main SR3 transect, both to increase vertical resolution 
for studies focusing on the upper water column, and to provide sufficient water 
volume for all the samples required. Several repeat casts were taken at 
particle station sites, with cast depths varying according to the needs of the 
samples required. In general, the core CTD parameters of salinity, dissolved 
oxygen and nutrients (orthophosphate, total nitrate+nitrite and reactive 
silicate) were sampled at every SR3 location. A strict order was followed for 
drawing of samples from Niskin bottles, with CFC, DMS/DMSP, dissolved organic 
carbon, halocarbons and dissolved oxygen coming first, and biological 
parameters generally coming later in the order.


4.3.  CTD INSTRUMENT AND DATA CALIBRATION

Pre-cruise pressure, platinum temperature and pressure temperature calibrations 
(October 2001) were performed at the CSIRO Division of Marine Research 
calibration facility (Table 7). A full multi point laboratory temperature 
calibration was performed for the platinum temperature sensors, with points 
between the triple point of water and the melting point of gallium, and also 
including several subzero points down to ~-1.4°C. A quadratic fit to the sensor 
calibration data was used for CTD1193 (stations 1-108); a linear fit was used 
for 

CTD1103 (stations 109-135). Calibration of the fluorometer channel for CTD1193 
was done on the ship (Table 7), giving data output in volts; the same 
calibration was applied to fluorescence data for CTD1103. Chlorophyll-a 
concentration data are required to scale these voltages to fluorescence units.

Complete CTD conductivity and dissolved oxygen calibration results, derived 
from in situ Niskin bottle samples, are listed later in this report. 
Hydrochemistry laboratory methods are discussed in Appendix 1. Full details of 
CTD data processing and calibration techniques can be found in Appendix 2 of 
Rosenberg et al. (1995), with the following update to the methodology: the 10 
seconds of CTD data prior to each bottle firing are averaged to form the CTD 
upcast burst data for use in calibration.


4.4.  ADCP

The hull mounted ADCP on the Aurora Australis is described in Rosenberg 
(unpublished report, 1999). Logging and calibration parameters are summarised 
as follows:

ping parameters                  bottom track ping parameters    
  no. of bins:    60               no. of bins:   128    
  bin length:     8 m              bin length:    4 m    
  pulse length:   8 m              pulse length:  32 m    
  delay:          4 m            
  ping interval:  minimum          ping interval: same as profiling pings  
  reference layer averaging:       bins 8 to 20
  XROT:                            822
  ensemble averaging duration:     3 min. (for logged data);
                                   30 min. (for final processed data)


calibration
α (± standard deviation)  1+β (± standard deviation)  no. of calibration sites
       2.460 ± 0.575             1.0691 ± 0.011                   124             

Current vectors are plotted in Figure 2; the apparent vertical current shear 
error for different ship speed classes, discussed in Rosenberg (unpublished 
report, 1999), is plotted in Figure 3.


4.5.  UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS

Underway data, including meteorological data, bathymetry, GPS and sea surface 
temperature/salinity/fluorescence, were logged to an Oracle database on the 
ship. All data were quality controlled by the dotzapper. For bathymetry data, a 
sound speed of 1463 ms-1 was used for ocean depth calculation, and the ship's 
draught of 7.3 m was accounted for. For more information, see the AADC 
(Antarctic Division Data Centre) website, and the cruise dotzapper report:

Marine Science Support Data Quality Report, RSV Aurora Australis Season 2001-
2002 Voyage 3 (CLIVAR), Ruth Lawless, Antarctic Division unpublished report (at 
web address http://aadc-maps.aad.gov.au/metadata/mar_sci/Dz200102030.html).

Underway data were dumped from the AADC website and are in the following files:

        1 min. instantaneous values, text format:   clivar_underway.ora
        1 min. instantaneous values, matlab format: clivar_underway.mat

A correction was applied to the underway sea surface temperature and salinity 
data, derived by comparing the underway data with CTD temperature and salinity 
data at 8 dbar (Figure 4). The following corrections were applied:

        T = 0.9943 T(dls) - 0.2361                                (eqn 1)
        S = 0.9873 S(dls) + 0.4680                                (eqn 2)

for corrected underway temperature and salinity T and S respectively, and 
uncorrected values Tdls and Sdls. Note that in the final data set, a few 
underway sea surface salinity values near the start and end of the cruise 
appear to be suspiciously low.


5.  CTD AND BOTTLE DATA RESULTS

CTD and Niskin bottle data quality are discussed in this section. Full details 
of the CTD data processing and calibration techniques are described in 
Rosenberg et al. (1995). Data file formats are described in Appendix 2, and 
historical data comparisons are made in Appendix 4. When using the data, the 
following data quality tables are important: Table 14 (questionable CTD data) 
and Table 15 (questionable nutrient data).

This was the second last cruise on the Aurora Australis where General Oceanics 
CTDs were still used. In late 2002, a year after the cruise, the CTD system on 
the ship was switched over to SeaBird 911plus instruments, with an accompanying 
improvement in data quality, in particular for CTD dissolved oxygen data.


5.1.  CTD DATA

5.1.1.  CONDUCTIVITY/SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE

The conductivity calibration and equivalent salinity results for the entire 
cruise are plotted in Figures 5 and 6, and the derived conductivity calibration 
coefficients are listed in Tables 9 and 10. CTD temperature and reversing 
thermometer data are compared in Figures 8a and b.

CTD1193 was used for stations 1 to 108. The conductivity cell used for stations 
1 to 12 performed very well, with CTD salinities accurate to less than 0.002 
(PSS78). The cell was damaged during station 13 when the package hit the 
bottom, and a different cell was fitted for stations 14 to 108. This second 
conductivity cell performed well for stations 14 to 29. For stations 30 to 70, 
a very small biasing towards a positive ∆S (where ∆S = bottle salinity - 
calibrated CTD salinity) is evident deeper in the water column. This biasing, 
mostly of the order 0.001 (PSS78), is well within the 0.002 (PSS78) salinity 
accuracy and therefore no correction has been made to the data.

For stations 71 to 97, the positive biasing error in ∆S becomes significant 
(Figure 7a). The positive group of ∆S values to the lower right of Figure 7a 
represents data from the bottom end of CTD profiles. The depth of these values 
decreases southward as the bathymetry shoals, thus the biasing is not simply a 
pressure dependent error. The biasing does however appear simultaneously with 
the appearance of a locally colder fresher 'tail' of water at the bottom of 
each profile. The local vertical salinity gradients are steeper in these tails, 
and as the centre of the Niskin bottles on the rosette frame are ~0.5 m above 
the CTD sensors, the negative sign (i.e. freshening with depth) of the 
gradients would be expected to cause a small positive biasing in ∆S. Closer 
examination reveals that the positive ∆S values do not always correspond 
exactly with these local fresher tails of water, and indeed the gradients in 
these tails are not strong enough to account for the magnitude of the error of 
up to ~0.004 (PSS78) - thus these local features are only considered a minor 
component of the error. The major cause of the error appears to be temperature 
related. There is a close correspondence between the salinity residuals and 
subzero water temperatures at depth (Figure 7b). From the figure, there is a 
broad scatter in ∆S values for shallow samples (≤250 dbar in Figure 7b), 
however for deeper samples ∆S values are clearly positive for temperatures 
below 0°C. 

For stations 98 to 106, the conductivity calibration results are good, and no 
consistent biasing in ∆S is evident. The conductivity cell malfunctioned for 
stations 107 and 108, and no CTD conductivity/salinity data are available for 
these two stations.

CTD1103 was used for station 109 and onwards, after failure of the conductivity 
hardware on CTD1193. For stations 109 to 113 and stations 126 to 135 the 
conductivity cell calibrated well, with CTD salinities accurate to within 0.002 
(PSS78). For stations 114 to 125, a CTD salinity error similar to stations 71 
to 97 (CTD1193) is evident from the positive ∆S values at depth (Figures 7c and 
d). There appears to be a small sensor calibration error for both CTD1103 and 
CTD1193 in subzero water at depth. From the available evidence it is not 
conclusive whether the source of the error is the temperature sensor 
calibrations, the conductivity cell responses, or both. Both CTDs show similar 
behaviour, and as there is a strong possibility that the temperature 
calibrations are a probable source of error, the following caution is given for 
both the temperature and salinity data. For stations 71 to 97 and 114 to 125 in 
subzero waters at depth (i.e. at the bottom end of the full depth profiles), at 
the local salinity and pressure values there is a possible error of the order 
+0.003°C (i.e. temperature a little high) for CTD temperature, and a CTD 
salinity error of the order -0.003 (PSS78) (i.e. salinity a little low). More 
specifically, the salinity error is in the range -0.001 to -0.004 (PSS78), with 
the larger error for lower negative temperatures. No correction has been made 
for these errors.

For many stations the salinity data are suspect for the top 2 bins (2 and 4 
dbar), due to transient errors when the instrument first enters the water. As a 
general caution, salinity data down to 4 dbar should be treated as suspect.

As described in section 4.3, a multi point laboratory temperature calibration 
was performed prior to the cruise. Both linear and quadratic fits were 
attempted for the temperature calibration data for both CTDs, to obtain the 
best fit results. For CTD1193 (stations 1 to 108), a quadratic fit to the 
calibration data gave the best results over the entire temperature range (Table 
7). For CTD1103 (stations 109 to 135), temperatures measured during these 
stations were mostly below ~2.3°C, with higher values up to only ~7.5°C 
encountered during stations 133 to 135. For this lower end of the temperature 
range, the best result from the laboratory temperature calibration came from a 
linear fit to the calibration data (Table 7).

CTD platinum temperature data are compared with digital reversing thermometer 
data in Figures 8a and b. The offsets in results for the different thermometers 
are due to calibration offsets between the thermometers. At positive 
temperatures, CTD temperature sensor performance appears to be fairly stable 
throughout the cruise, and data for the two CTDs appear to be consistent. At 
temperatures below 0°C there is a clear decrease in (T (i.e. thermometer - CTD 
temperature) with decreasing temperature (Figure 8b). This same pattern is 
evident for both CTDs. From the comparison to the thermometer data alone, it is 
not clear whether the source of the error is the CTD temperature calibrations 
or the thermometer calibrations. Changing response of Neil Brown platinum 
temperature sensors below 0°C is often reported (SCRIPPS Institution of 
Oceanography Calibration Facility, CSIRO Calibration Facility, pers. comms). It 
is therefore likely that there is at least some small calibration error in the 
CTD temperature data in subzero water, as discussed previously in this section.


TABLE 2: Summary of station information for cruise AU0103. All times are UTC. 
         In the station naming, 'particle' refers to particle station, 
         'downstream' refers to downstream section, 'upstream' refers to 
         upstream section, 'exit trough' is the bathymetric feature at the 
         northwest end of the Mertz Depression, and 'large volume' is a cast 
         specifically to collect a large volume of water from a single depth.

                 |                     START                    |      |                  BOTTOM                  |                END
Station number   | time    date     latitude   longitude  depth | maxP | time  latitude  longitude   depth  altim.| time  latitude   longitude   depth
                 |                                         (m)  |(dbar)|                              (m)    (m)  |                               (m)
-----------------|----------------------------------------------|------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------
  1 test         | 2104  29-OCT-01  44:07.18S  146:13.14E   995 | 1028 | 2140  44:07.30S  146:13.09E  1010  18.0  | 2221  44:07.23S  146:12.96E   997
  2 SR3          | 0344  30-OCT-01  44:00.16S  146:20.09E   240 |  306 | 0400  44:00.33S  146:20.52E   302  15.0  | 0430  44:00.37S  146:21.01E   319
  3 SR3          | 0609  30-OCT-01  44:03.22S  146:17.76E   556 |  522 | 0631  44:03.12S  146:17.95E   504  13.0  | 0714  44:03.17S  146:18.36E   468
  4 SR3          | 0837  30-OCT-01  44:06.99S  146:13.84E  1015 | 1044 | 0902  44:06.96S  146:14.05E  1026  13.0  | 0941  44:06.64S  146:14.16E  1008
  5 SR3          | 1247  30-OCT-01  44:22.15S  146:13.54E  2268 | 2312 | 1334  44:21.88S  146:13.96E  2215  11.3  | 1509  44:21.90S  146:15.07E  2187
  6 SR3          | 1806  30-OCT-01  44:43.35S  146:02.71E  3151 | 3246 | 1934  44:43.18S  146:02.43E  3140  13.1  | 2116  44:42.92S  146:02.43E  3125
  7 SR3          | 1630  31-OCT-01  45:13.15S  145:51.00E  2803 | 2898 | 1738  45:13.14S  145:50.34E  2808  10.2  | 1911  45:13.14S  145:49.67E  2800
  8 SR3          | 0040   1-NOV-01  45:42.39S  145:39.00E  2085 |  354 | 0103  45:42.71S  145:38.91E  2125    -   | 0131  45:43.06S  145:38.58E  2237
  9 SR3          | 0252   1-NOV-01  45:44.02S  145:39.98E  2777 | 2876 | 0415  45:44.77S  145:40.09E  2788  15.0  | 0530  45:45.44S  145:40.21E  2791
 10 SR3          | 0850   1-NOV-01  46:10.12S  145:28.44E  2669 | 2758 | 0955  46:10.45S  145:28.16E  2656  15.0  | 1124  46:10.75S  145:27.31E  2664
 11 SR3          | 1532   1-NOV-01  46:38.59S  145:15.36E  3270 | 3374 | 1644  46:38.55S  145:15.60E  3251  14.5  | 1826  46:38.95S  145:14.71E  3268
 12 SR3          | 2034   1-NOV-01  46:39.39S  145:14.71E  3322 |  352 | 2056  46:39.40S  145:14.78E  3329    -   | 2129  46:39.61S  145:14.66E  3343
 13 SR3          | 0106   2-NOV-01  47:08.88S  144:53.95E  4720 | 4900 | 0240  47:08.29S  144:53.76E    -    0.0  | 0725  47:07.20S  144:53.11E    - 
 14 particle     | 0331   3-NOV-01  46:55.02S  142:02.92E  4451 |  304 | 0355  46:54.93S  142:02.87E  4455    -   | 0414  46:54.87S  142:02.80E  4460
 15 particle     | 0829   3-NOV-01  46:55.46S  141:59.42E  4450 | 1004 | 0852  46:55.44S  141:59.48E    -     -   | 0928  46:55.38S  141:59.40E    - 
 16 particle     | 2221   4-NOV-01  46:54.74S  142:02.38E  4470 | 4012 | 0023  46:54.58S  142:02.07E  4482    -   | 0144  46:54.31S  142:01.57E    - 
 17 particle     | 1041   5-NOV-01  46:52.21S  141:59.34E  4436 | 2002 | 1124  46:52.12S  141:58.85E  4420    -   | 1230  46:52.00S  141:58.16E  4402
 18 SR3          | 2258   5-NOV-01  47:28.17S  144:54.04E  4289 |  352 | 2308  47:28.20S  144:53.95E  4298    -   | 2339  47:28.18S  144:53.84E  4292
 19 SR3          | 0102   6-NOV-01  47:26.64S  144:53.83E  4070 | 4222 | 0238  47:26.16S  144:53.41E  4068  48.3  | 0347  47:26.17S  144:52.91E  4054
 20 SR3          | 0730   6-NOV-01  47:59.96S  144:40.20E  4010 | 4404 | 0913  47:59.79S  144:39.21E    -   25.0  | 1107  48:00.06S  144:38.79E  4208
 21 SR3          | 1321   6-NOV-01  48:19.12S  144:31.74E  3958 | 4202 | 1449  48:19.15S  144:31.57E    -   19.6  | 1640  48:19.41S  144:31.90E    - 
 22 SR3          | 1827   6-NOV-01  48:19.68S  144:32.82E  4050 |  354 | 1843  48:19.70S  144:32.86E    -     -   | 1910  48:19.78S  144:32.80E    - 
 23 particle     | 0029   7-NOV-01  48:47.32S  144:19.75E  3998 | 1004 | 0056  48:47.41S  144:19.98E  3993    -   | 0141  48:47.50S  144:20.62E  4005
 24 SR3          | 0341   7-NOV-01  48:46.90S  144:25.00E  4033 | 4168 | 0512  48:47.16S  144:25.95E    -   16.2  | 0630  48:47.48S  144:26.38E  3968
 25 SR3          | 0917   7-NOV-01  48:47.82S  144:29.78E  3918 |  604 | 0937  48:47.84S  144:30.13E  3907    -   | 1008  48:47.91S  144:30.37E    - 
 26 SR3          | 1612   7-NOV-01  49:16.29S  144:06.54E  4150 | 4358 | 1746  49:16.12S  144:07.04E    -   14.9  | 1928  49:16.14S  144:07.56E    - 
 27 SR3          | 2201   7-NOV-01  49:36.68S  143:56.31E  3595 |  354 | 2212  49:36.66S  143:56.38E  3573    -   | 2237  49:36.71S  143:56.58E    - 
 28 SR3          | 0001   8-NOV-01  49:36.50S  143:56.50E  3560 | 3722 | 0117  49:36.33S  143:57.06E    -   19.0  | 0230  49:36.41S  143:57.41E    - 
 29 SR3          | 0439   8-NOV-01  49:53.58S  143:48.49E  3580 | 3872 | 0605  49:53.59S  143:49.57E  3736  17.4  | 0730  49:53.76S  143:50.77E  3759
 30 SR3          | 0936   8-NOV-01  50:09.72S  143:40.09E  3649 | 3228 | 1050  50:09.57S  143:39.80E    -     -   | 1130  50:10.06S  143:39.82E    - 
 31 SR3          | 2355   8-NOV-01  50:23.91S  143:31.89E  3370 |  352 | 0009  50:23.95S  143:31.63E    -     -   | 0037  50:24.06S  143:31.58E    - 
 32 SR3          | 0253   9-NOV-01  50:24.49S  143:26.89E  3644 | 3802 | 0414  50:24.45S  143:26.65E  3658  17.0  | 0556  50:24.37S  143:26.19E  3596
 33 SR3          | 0847   9-NOV-01  50:40.31S  143:25.06E  3413 | 3524 | 1002  50:40.50S  143:24.80E  3417  18.9  | 1116  50:40.38S  143:24.64E  3429
 34 particle     | 1447   9-NOV-01  51:00.13S  143:16.40E  3650 |  400 | 1455  51:00.16S  143:16.59E    -     -   | 1502  51:00.18S  143:16.77E    - 
 35 particle     | 1815   9-NOV-01  51:00.76S  143:17.79E  3680 | 1002 | 1842  51:00.80S  143:17.83E    -     -   | 1914  51:00.68S  143:18.20E  3704
 36 particle     | 2043   9-NOV-01  51:01.27S  143:17.98E  3690 |  402 | 2101  51:01.37S  143:18.02E    -     -   | 2130  51:01.46S  143:18.54E    - 
 37 SR3          | 2322   9-NOV-01  51:02.21S  143:20.36E  3736 | 3860 | 0053  51:02.04S  143:21.45E    -   16.7  | 0236  51:01.60S  143:22.62E    - 
 38 particle     | 0452  10-NOV-01  51:00.26S  143:25.18E  3870 |  800 | 0513  51:00.17S  143:25.48E    -     -   | 0536  51:00.26S  143:25.76E    - 
 39 SR3          | 0939  10-NOV-01  51:15.55S  143:07.87E  3679 | 3854 | 1056  51:15.33S  143:08.31E  3744  21.1  | 1220  51:14.98S  143:09.39E    - 
 40 SR3          | 1427  10-NOV-01  51:32.28S  142:59.71E  3645 | 3818 | 1541  51:31.83S  143:00.40E  3686  11.7  | 1723  51:31.47S  143:01.21E  3656
 41 SR3          | 1928  10-NOV-01  51:48.57S  142:50.34E  3655 | 3784 | 2047  51:48.19S  142:50.69E    -   19.8  | 2225  51:48.07S  142:50.60E    - 
 42 SR3          | 2355  10-NOV-01  51:47.91S  142:50.62E  3680 |  350 | 0014  51:47.89S  142:50.64E    -     -   | 0034  51:47.85S  142:50.65E    - 
 43 SR3          | 0330  11-NOV-01  52:05.12S  142:41.80E  3428 | 3544 | 0428  52:05.05S  142:42.01E  3431  18.0  | 0550  52:04.98S  142:42.90E    - 
 44 large volume | 0813  11-NOV-01  52:22.14S  142:31.93E  3490 |   16 | 0816  52:22.18S  142:31.85E    -     -   | 0823  52:22.18S  142:31.93E    - 


                 |                     START                    |      |                  BOTTOM                  |                END
Station number   | time    date     latitude   longitude  depth | maxP | time  latitude  longitude   depth  altim.| time  latitude   longitude   depth
                 |                                         (m)  |(dbar)|                              (m)    (m)  |                               (m)
-----------------|----------------------------------------------|------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------
 45 SR3          | 0849  11-NOV-01  52:22.30S  142:31.90E  3370 | 3492 | 0957  52:22.35S  142:32.21E  3383  15.3  | 1132  52:22.49S  142:32.00E    - 
 46 SR3          | 1351  11-NOV-01  52:40.03S  142:23.60E  3300 | 3506 | 1512  52:39.88S  142:24.87E    -   15.8  | 1646  52:40.02S  142:26.29E    - 
 47 SR3          | 1829  11-NOV-01  52:39.80S  142:24.31E  3290 |  368 | 1839  52:39.83S  142:24.42E    -     -   | 1902  52:39.79S  142:24.67E    - 
 48 SR3          | 2204  11-NOV-01  53:07.87S  142:08.76E  3064 | 3178 | 2311  53:07.89S  142:09.14E    -   20.4  | 0045  53:07.66S  142:09.38E    - 
 49 SR3          | 0308  12-NOV-01  53:25.72S  141:57.11E  2775 | 2848 | 0404  53:25.70S  141:57.25E  2783  18.3  | 0530  53:25.60S  141:57.23E  2807
 50 particle     | 0538  13-NOV-01  53:44.31S  141:50.53E  2850 | 1002 | 0600  53:44.18S  141:50.90E    -     -   | 0642  53:43.99S  141:50.88E  2958
 51 SR3          | 0811  13-NOV-01  53:44.23S  141:51.09E  3000 | 3098 | 0916  53:44.19S  141:51.12E    -   19.0  | 1040  53:44.09S  141:50.97E    - 
 52 particle     | 1638  13-NOV-01  53:44.15S  141:53.64E  3091 | 3184 | 1749  53:43.86S  141:53.95E  3105  39.2  | 1856  53:43.73S  141:54.06E    - 
 53 particle     | 0143  14-NOV-01  53:46.60S  141:53.36E  3010 |  404 | 0153  53:46.63S  141:53.43E    -     -   | 0215  53:46.62S  141:53.53E    - 
 54 SR3          | 1353  14-NOV-01  54:04.12S  141:36.13E  2504 | 2594 | 1452  54:03.85S  141:36.18E    -   13.0  | 1621  54:03.38S  141:36.39E  2660
 55 SR3          | 1934  14-NOV-01  54:31.78S  141:20.17E  2777 |  352 | 1947  54:31.77S  141:20.23E  2768    -   | 2009  54:31.71S  141:20.18E  2773
 56 SR3          | 2120  14-NOV-01  54:31.92S  141:20.68E  2800 | 2868 | 2226  54:32.08S  141:21.04E    -   15.4  | 0000  54:32.00S  141:20.91E    - 
 57 SR3          | 0340  15-NOV-01  55:00.97S  141:01.59E  3175 | 3256 | 0437  55:00.82S  141:01.52E    -   20.0  | 0604  55:00.72S  141:01.68E    - 
 58 SR3          | 1116  15-NOV-01  55:29.64S  140:43.99E  3900 |  350 | 1127  55:29.56S  140:44.04E    -     -   | 1148  55:29.32S  140:43.95E    - 
 59 SR3          | 1255  15-NOV-01  55:28.81S  140:43.90E  3900 | 4102 | 1410  55:28.63S  140:43.86E    -    8.9  | 1557  55:28.26S  140:44.19E    - 
 60 SR3          | 1939  15-NOV-01  55:55.30S  140:24.78E  3550 | 3598 | 2043  55:54.91S  140:25.05E    -   12.3  | 2228  55:54.29S  140:25.09E    - 
 61 SR3          | 0152  16-NOV-01  56:25.56S  140:05.85E  3800 | 4070 | 0310  56:25.39S  140:06.52E    -   15.1  | 0428  56:25.16S  140:07.05E    - 
 62 SR3          | 0810  16-NOV-01  56:56.14S  139:50.42E  4100 |  402 | 0824  56:56.22S  139:50.63E    -      -  | 0849  56:56.26S  139:50.76E    - 
 63 SR3          | 1014  16-NOV-01  56:55.93S  139:51.32E  4100 | 4204 | 1124  56:55.62S  139:51.60E    -   16.8  | 1252  56:55.34S  139:51.97E    - 
 64 particle     | 1647  16-NOV-01  56:53.62S  139:54.91E  4000 | 1000 | 1720  56:53.59S  139:55.18E    -      -  | 1754  56:53.50S  139:55.40E    - 
 65 particle     | 1955  16-NOV-01  56:52.98S  139:56.14E  4000 |  302 | 2007  56:52.80S  139:55.93E    -      -  | 2029  56:52.72S  139:56.01E    - 
 66 SR3          | 2014  17-NOV-01  57:51.15S  139:50.67E  4100 | 4056 | 2150  57:50.81S  139:50.72E    -   13.9  | 2339  57:50.67S  139:50.35E    - 
 67 SR3          | 1534  18-NOV-01  58:50.96S  139:51.12E  3860 | 4012 | 1713  58:50.82S  139:50.97E    -   15.2  | 1840  58:50.55S  139:50.43E    - 
 68 SR3          | 2009  18-NOV-01  58:50.22S  139:49.59E  3800 |  354 | 2022  58:50.14S  139:49.59E    -     -   | 2046  58:50.11S  139:49.56E    - 
 69 SR3          | 2352  18-NOV-01  59:20.94S  139:51.26E  4100 | 4254 | 0125  59:21.01S  139:50.90E    -   17.5  | 0305  59:20.94S  139:51.39E    - 
 70 SR3          | 0609  19-NOV-01  59:50.87S  139:51.21E  4376 |  402 | 0622  59:50.76S  139:51.07E  4377    -   | 0643  59:50.58S  139:51.18E  4374
 71 SR3          | 0753  19-NOV-01  59:50.20S  139:50.47E  4374 | 4534 | 0909  59:49.52S  139:50.24E     -  15.7  | 1038  59:49.24S  139:50.71E    - 
 72 SR3          | 1406  19-NOV-01  60:21.01S  139:50.94E  4340 | 4498 | 1539  60:20.25S  139:50.59E  4342  15.0  | 1744  60:20.16S  139:51.55E  4341
 73 particle     | 2150  20-NOV-01  60:51.13S  139:51.37E  4301 | 1000 | 2224  60:51.10S  139:51.73E  4302    -   | 2256  60:51.07S  139:51.67E  4303
 74 particle     | 0027  21-NOV-01  60:50.88S  139:52.12E  4305 |  402 | 0042  60:50.87S  139:52.02E    -     -   | 0105  60:50.77S  139:51.82E    - 
 75 SR3          | 0239  21-NOV-01  60:50.17S  139:52.33E  4300 | 4464 | 0350  60:50.14S  139:52.42E    -   15.0  | 0522  60:50.12S  139:52.67E    - 
 76 particle     | 1233  21-NOV-01  60:48.82S  139:56.47E  4310 | 4466 | 1436  60:48.24S  139:56.02E    -   15.2  | 1634  60:47.90S  139:56.84E    - 
 77 SR3          | 0448  22-NOV-01  61:20.79S  139:50.65E  4240 |  352 | 0457  61:20.71S  139:50.85E    -     -   | 0521  61:20.61S  139:51.07E    - 
 78 SR3          | 0755  22-NOV-01  61:19.11S  139:53.58E  4260 | 4400 | 0914  61:18.84S  139:53.41E    -   17.0  | 1100  61:18.60S  139:52.41E    - 
 79 SR3          | 1436  22-NOV-01  61:51.01S  139:50.68E  4198 | 4346 | 1614  61:51.06S  139:50.94E  4201  14.9  | 1747  61:50.94S  139:50.77E  4201
 80 SR3          | 2101  22-NOV-01  62:20.98S  139:49.03E  3870 | 4006 | 2238  62:21.19S  139:48.28E  3871  13.7  | 0027  62:21.20S  139:47.74E    - 
 81 SR3          | 0224  23-NOV-01  62:21.52S  139:49.26E  3865 |  352 | 0238  62:21.53S  139:49.48E  3859    -   | 0301  62:21.52S  139:49.67E    - 
 82 SR3          | 0503  24-NOV-01  62:50.59S  139:51.40E  3161 | 3246 | 0607  62:50.32S  139:51.57E  3162  21.6  | 0729  62:49.84S  139:51.81E  3165
 83 SR3          | 1225  24-NOV-01  63:22.23S  139:51.64E  3718 | 3836 | 1346  63:21.74S  139:52.17E  3720  15.6  | 1526  63:21.58S  139:52.84E  3713
 84 SR3          | 1648  24-NOV-01  63:21.85S  139:53.20E  3717 |  350 | 1706  63:21.79S  139:53.13E  3714    -   | 1739  63:21.66S  139:52.68E  3717
 85 particle     | 2159  24-NOV-01  63:54.01S  139:52.89E  3636 | 1002 | 2226  63:53.82S  139:52.62E  3642    -   | 2302  63:53.65S  139:52.58E  3641
 86 particle     | 0031  25-NOV-01  63:53.84S  139:51.65E  3640 |  400 | 0051  63:53.75S  139:51.52E  3640    -   | 0121  63:53.79S  139:51.35E  3635
 87 SR3          | 0434  25-NOV-01  63:53.33S  139:58.85E  3638 | 3750 | 0546  63:52.47S  139:59.78E  3638  20.0  | 0721  63:51.07S  140:00.74E  3637
 88 particle     | 1636  25-NOV-01  63:50.16S  139:57.88E  3649 | 3760 | 1759  63:49.48S  139:59.36E   -    18.4  | 1921  63:48.89S  140:00.11E    - 
 89 SR3          | 0750  26-NOV-01  64:09.87S  140:25.02E  3530 | 3632 | 0900  64:10.06S  140:25.32E  3532  14.5  | 1017  64:10.22S  140:25.84E  3531


                 |                     START                    |      |                  BOTTOM                  |                END
Station number   | time    date     latitude   longitude  depth | maxP | time  latitude  longitude   depth  altim.| time  latitude   longitude   depth
                 |                                         (m)  |(dbar)|                              (m)    (m)  |                               (m)
-----------------|----------------------------------------------|------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------
 90 SR3          | 1516  26-NOV-01  64:31.24S  141:22.27E  3403 | 3492 | 1632  64:31.11S  141:23.30E  3404  12.1  | 1754  64:31.30S  141:24.45E  3399
 91 SR3          | 2049  26-NOV-01  64:47.12S  141:49.53E  3001 | 3086 | 2149  64:46.90S  141:50.05E  3011  14.0  | 2309  64:46.83S  141:50.95E  3030
 92 SR3          | 0030  27-NOV-01  64:46.90S  141:52.74E  3060 |  352 | 0046  64:46.73S  141:52.99E  3058    -   | 0108  64:46.53S  141:53.52E  3066
 93 SR3          | 0441  27-NOV-01  65:01.30S  142:26.98E  2797 | 2838 | 0525  65:01.37S  142:26.56E  2774  19.2  | 0630  65:01.40S  142:26.06E  2759
 94 SR3          | 0938  27-NOV-01  65:14.98S  143:04.66E  2948 | 3008 | 1043  65:15.32S  143:04.81E  2942  18.3  | 1200  65:15.52S  143:04.66E  2935
 95 SR3          | 1728  27-NOV-01  65:31.93S  143:10.21E  2662 | 2716 | 1824  65:31.96S  143:10.33E  2662  14.2  | 1952  65:32.18S  143:10.66E  2652
 96 SR3          | 2130  27-NOV-01  65:31.81S  143:11.25E  2655 |  352 | 2141  65:31.75S  143:11.28E  2654    -   | 2202  65:31.83S  143:11.30E  2654
 97 SR3          | 2323  27-NOV-01  65:41.57S  143:04.29E  2124 | 2168 | 0008  65:41.69S  143:04.48E  2112  13.2  | 0115  65:41.71S  143:04.51E  2101
 98 SR3          | 0240  28-NOV-01  65:46.00S  142:57.68E  1679 | 1692 | 0315  65:46.04S  142:58.30E  1649  20.1  | 0419  65:46.29S  142:59.07E  1553
 99 SR3          | 0741  28-NOV-01  65:48.68S  142:53.44E  1062 | 1052 | 0805  65:48.64S  142:54.00E  1026  18.0  | 0834  65:48.63S  142:54.71E  1017
100 SR3          | 1046  28-NOV-01  66:00.03S  143:09.70E   469 |  456 | 1054  65:59.95S  143:09.70E   469  16.7  | 1116  65:59.80S  143:09.99E   464
101 exit trough  | 1512  28-NOV-01  66:11.96S  142:49.74E   490 |  480 | 1529  66:11.95S  142:49.22E   490   8.0  | 1556  66:11.98S  142:49.14E   484
102 exit trough  | 1656  28-NOV-01  66:12.18S  143:08.88E   600 |  596 | 1713  66:12.18S  143:09.01E   598  14.9  | 1742  66:12.16S  143:09.10E   601
103 exit trough  | 1901  28-NOV-01  66:11.92S  143:24.90E   551 |  536 | 1917  66:11.92S  143:24.90E   547  14.5  | 1939  66:11.92S  143:25.02E   543
104 exit trough  | 2041  28-NOV-01  66:12.00S  143:39.99E   486 |  482 | 2100  66:11.88S  143:40.08E   477  14.9  | 2122  66:12.07S  143:40.50E   481
105 particle     | 0213  29-NOV-01  66:35.14S  144:13.93E   801 |  790 | 0230  66:35.13S  144:13.99E   801  17.1  | 0257  66:35.16S  144:14.05E   805
106 SR3          | 0716  29-NOV-01  66:35.30S  144:15.18E   803 |  790 | 0730  66:35.29S  144:15.22E   807  18.9  | 0755  66:35.15S  144:15.27E   804
107 Buchanan Bay | 1535  29-NOV-01  67:09.42S  144:46.17E   484 |  470 | 1555  67:09.39S  144:46.00E   472  16.9  | 1632  67:09.03S  144:45.90E   474
108 Mertz Glacier| 1919  29-NOV-01  66:57.88S  145:15.95E   940 |  960 | 1957  66:58.14S  145:15.34E   977  18.6  | 2034  66:58.34S  145:15.12E   998
109 upstream     | 0131  30-NOV-01  66:23.03S  144:18.12E   481 |  460 | 0145  66:22.95S  144:18.08E   476  20.2  | 0207  66:22.83S  144:17.94E   476
110 upstream     | 0310  30-NOV-01  66:17.08S  144:23.64E   417 |  408 | 0320  66:17.08S  144:23.57E   417  20.3  | 0341  66:17.04S  144:23.66E   418
111 upstream     | 0518  30-NOV-01  66:07.82S  144:29.81E   345 |  330 | 0527  66:07.76S  144:29.65E   344  17.3  | 0540  66:07.57S  144:29.69E   339
112 upstream     | 0705  30-NOV-01  66:01.16S  144:29.09E   293 |  286 | 0713  66:01.13S  144:29.06E   292  19.1  | 0726  66:01.03S  144:28.81E   292
113 upstream     | 0838  30-NOV-01  65:54.87S  144:30.82E   931 |  974 | 0900  65:54.80S  144:31.11E   959  20.3  | 0927  65:54.61S  144:31.06E  1023
114 upstream     | 1020  30-NOV-01  65:52.62S  144:29.99E  1725 | 1786 | 1056  65:52.60S  144:30.08E  1737  19.2  | 1150  65:52.65S  144:30.19E  1729
115 upstream     | 1308  30-NOV-01  65:47.35S  144:31.81E  2565 | 2618 | 1403  65:47.13S  144:31.62E  2563  12.8  | 1525  65:46.79S  144:31.99E  2607
116 downstream   | 1634   3-DEC-01  65:44.63S  141:04.06E   442 |  440 | 1649  65:44.61S  141:04.12E   447  14.5  | 1717  65:44.46S  141:04.29E   456
117 downstream   | 2013   3-DEC-01  65:40.27S  141:11.00E   772 |  768 | 2034  65:40.23S  141:11.45E   773  13.9  | 2106  65:40.22S  141:12.12E   770
118 downstream   | 2201   3-DEC-01  65:36.75S  141:14.99E  1137 | 1152 | 2227  65:36.61S  141:15.45E  1160  13.0  | 2307  65:36.41S  141:15.94E  1159
119 downstream   | 0031   4-DEC-01  65:30.20S  141:15.18E  1750 | 1824 | 0107  65:29.88S  141:15.59E  1819  18.4  | 0209  65:29.64S  141:15.13E  1833
120 downstream   | 0424   4-DEC-01  65:19.75S  141:17.18E  2256 | 2288 | 0522  65:19.48S  141:17.50E  2256  20.9  | 0627  65:19.23S  141:17.26E  2261
121 downstream   | 1015   4-DEC-01  65:08.03S  140:38.23E  2203 | 2234 | 1056  65:07.84S  140:38.63E  2207  19.6  | 1200  65:07.40S  140:39.00E  2277
122 particle     | 1545   4-DEC-01  64:52.67S  139:52.52E  2458 | 1002 | 1611  64:52.68S  139:52.40E  2464    -   | 1642  64:52.70S  139:52.50E  2467
123 particle     | 1824   4-DEC-01  64:52.59S  139:52.89E  2468 |  502 | 1841  64:52.54S  139:52.65E  2472    -   | 1908  64:52.38S  139:52.50E  2492
124 downstream   | 2103   4-DEC-01  64:52.11S  139:52.38E  2503 | 2552 | 2145  64:52.20S  139:52.08E  2490  13.9  | 2253  64:52.19S  139:51.67E  2481
125 downstream   | 0555   5-DEC-01  64:30.54S  139:52.92E  3043 | 3130 | 0702  64:30.48S  139:53.74E  3052  19.0  | 0809  64:30.48S  139:55.22E  3073
126 particle     | 1319   5-DEC-01  63:55.24S  139:51.76E  3633 |  500 | 1337  63:55.16S  139:51.56E  3629    -   | 1422  63:54.93S  139:50.92E  3632
127 particle     | 1552   5-DEC-01  63:54.29S  139:49.32E  3632 | 1002 | 1616  63:54.10S  139:49.02E  3638    -   | 1656  63:53.98S  139:48.58E  3637
128 particle     | 1857   5-DEC-01  63:53.18S  139:47.75E  3649 |  352 | 1910  63:53.07S  139:47.71E  3652    -   | 1936  63:52.99S  139:47.71E  3655
129 particle     | 1336   7-DEC-01  60:50.29S  139:52.65E  4311 |  354 | 1352  60:50.23S  139:52.98E  4306    -   | 1411  60:50.24S  139:53.23E  4302
130 particle     | 1529   7-DEC-01  60:50.21S  139:53.59E  4307 | 1002 | 1555  60:50.14S  139:53.73E  4304    -   | 1627  60:49.89S  139:53.79E  4304
131 particle     | 1756   7-DEC-01  60:49.78S  139:56.02E  4305 |  502 | 1813  60:49.71S  139:56.26E  4307    -   | 1850  60:49.68S  139:56.49E  4305
132 particle     | 2041   7-DEC-01  60:48.66S  139:56.61E  4307 |  154 | 2051  60:48.57S  139:56.70E  4307    -   | 2100  60:48.48S  139:56.70E  4308
133 particle     | 1730  10-DEC-01  51:00.40S  143:18.39E  3700 |  344 | 1742  51:00.34S  143:18.49E    -     -   | 1801  51:00.21S  143:18.60E  3721
134 particle     | 1841  10-DEC-01  50:59.97S  143:19.09E  3740 | 1002 | 1907  50:59.83S  143:19.10E  3745    -   | 1941  50:59.67S  143:19.31E    - 
135 particle     | 0557  11-DEC-01  51:23.42S  142:58.61E  3700 |   52 | 0601  51:23.44S  142:58.94E    -     -   | 0607  51:23.44S  142:59.02E    - 


Table 3: Summary of samples drawn from Niskin bottles at each station, including salinity (sal), 
         dissolved oxygen (do), nutrients (nut), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), carbon tetrachloride 
         (CCl4), dissolved inorganic carbon (dic), alkalinity (alk), dimethyl sulphide/
         dimethyl sulphoniopropionate/dimethyl sulphoxide (dms), halocarbons (hal), barium (bam), 
         barite (bat), ammonia (NH3), δ30Si, dissolved organic carbon (doc), particulate organic carbon 
         (POC), particulate silicate (PSi), 15N-nitrate, 18O, 234Th, 230Th/231Pa, primary productivity 
         (pp), bacterial production (bac), grazing dilution (grz), spectral absorbance (sa), HPLC 
         pigments (pig), flow cytometry (fc) for phytoplankton and bacteria, coccolithophorid 
         counts (coc), protist bulk fixes (pro), size-fractionated chlorophyll and primary production 
         (frac), species ID by Dehairs group (sp.D), and bacterial groups sampled by Skerratt (baS). 
         Note that 1=samples taken, 0=no samples taken, 2=surface sample only (i.e. from shallowest
         Niskin bottle), 3=one sample only from the profile. Also included are stations where trace
         metal casts for iron were taken from the stern (fe); stations where vertical fast repetition 
         rate fluorometry (frrf) and transmittance (tran) were measured, using additional 
         sensors; and stations where fluorescence was measured on the main rosette (fl) using a 
         Sea Tech fluorometer from either CSIRO or Antarctic Division, denoted respectively by C or 
         A in the table. Note that for stations 1 to 52 where the transmissometer was fitted to 
         the main rosette package, no good transmittance data were obtained.


  Sation sal do nut CFC CC dic dms hal bam bat NH3 δ30 doc POC 15N_ 18O 234 230Th pp bac grz sa pig fc coc pro frac sp baS fe fr tran fl
                        l4 alk                     Si      PSi NO3      Th  231Pa                                   .D        rf
  1 test  1   1  1   1   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  2 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  3 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  4 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  5 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    3   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  6 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  7 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
  8 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
  9 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 10 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 11 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   0
 12 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    1  1   1   0  1   1  0   1   1   0   0   0  1   0   A
 13 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   0   0
 14 part. 1   1  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   1   0   1   1   0    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  0   0  0   0   1   0   0   1  0   0   A
 15 part. 0   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   1   C
 16 part. 1   1  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    1    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   0
 17 part. 1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   0   1    2   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   0
 18 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 19 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 20 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  2   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 21 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 22 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  1   1   C
 23 part. 0   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   1   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  1   1   C
 24 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 25 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   1   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   1   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 26 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 27 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   1   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 28 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 29 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 30 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 31 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 32 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 33 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 34 part. 0   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   1  0   1   C
 35 part. 0   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 36 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 37 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   1   0   0   1   1   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 38 part. 0   0  0   0   0  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 39 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 40 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  2   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 41 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 42 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 43 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  2   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 44 l.vol 0   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   1   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 45 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 46 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 47 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 48 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  2   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 49 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C


Table 3: (continued)
  Sation sal do nut CFC CC dic dms hal bam bat NH3 δ30 doc POC 15N_ 18O 234 230Th pp bac grz sa pig fc coc pro frac sp baS fe fr tran fl
                        l4 alk                     Si      PSi NO3      Th  231Pa                                   .D        rf
 50 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   1   C
 51 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   1   1   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 52 part. 1   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    1    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 53 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   1   1  0   0   C
 54 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 55 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  1   1   C
 56 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 57 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  2   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0  1   0   C
 58 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   1   0   1   0  0   0   C
 59 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 60 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 61 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 62 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   1   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 63 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   1   1   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 64 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   1   C
 65 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   1   0  1   0   C
 66 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 67 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 68 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   1   0  0   0   C
 69 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   0   C
 70 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  1   0   1   0   1   0  0   1   C
 71 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 72 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 73 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   3    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   1   C
 74 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   1   1   0   1   1  0   0   C
 75 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   1   1   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   1   0  0   0   C
 76 part. 1   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    1    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   0
 77 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  1   1   0   0   0   1   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   1   1  0   0   C
 78 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 79 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 80 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   0   C
 81 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   1   0   0   0   1   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   0   1  0   1   C
 82 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   1   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 83 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
 84 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   1   0   1   0  1   1   C
 85 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   1    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   1   C
 86 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   C
 87 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   1   1   0   1    1   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   1  0   1   C
 88 part. 1   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    1    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 89 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 90 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 91 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 92 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   1   0   0   1   0    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  1   0   C
 93 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 94 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 95 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
 96 SR3   1   1  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   1   0   0   1   1    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  0   0   C
 97 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 98 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
 99 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C


Table 3: (continued)
  Sation sal do nut CFC CC dic dms hal bam bat NH3 δ30 doc POC 15N_ 18O 234 230Th pp bac grz sa pig fc coc pro frac sp baS fe fr tran fl
                        l4 alk                     Si      PSi NO3      Th  231Pa                                   .D        rf
100 SR3   1   1  1   1   1  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   C
101 exit  1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
102 exit  1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
103 exit  1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
104 exit  1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   C
105 part. 1   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    1    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   1  1   1   C
106 SR3   1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   1   1    2   0    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
107 B.Bay 1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
108 Mertz 1   1  1   1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   C
109 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
110 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
111 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
112 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
113 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
114 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
115 up    1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
116 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
117 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
118 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
119 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   A
120 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
121 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   A
122 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   0   A
123 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
124 down  1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   1   1   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
125 down  1   1  1   1   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  1   1   A
126 part. 1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    1  1   1   1  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   1   A
127 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   3    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   0   A
128 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0    0   1    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  0   0   1   0   0   0  0   1   A
129 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    0   1    0    1  1   1   1  1   1  1   0   1   0   0   0  0   0   A
130 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   3    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  0   0   A
131 part. 1   1  1   1   0  1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   1  1   0   A
132 part. 0   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   1   0  0   0   A
133 part. 1   0  1   1   0  2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    2   0    0    1  1   0   1  1   1  1   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A
134 part. 1   0  1   0   0  0   0   1   0   1   1   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    1  1   0   1  0   0  0   0   0   1   0   0  1   0   A
135 part. 0   0  0   0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0   0    0    0  0   0   0  0   0  0   0   0   0   0   0  0   0   A



TABLE 4: Summary of mooring recovery and deployment information. Positions 
         and depths are at the estimated landing sites (i.e. allowing for 
         anchor 'dragback'). Depths are corrected for local sound velocity. 
         For recoveries, 'release time' is the time release command was sent 
         to acoustic release at the base of the mooring; for deployments, 
         'release time' is the time final component released from trawl deck. 
         Suffixes '4' and '5' in mooring names refer respectively to the 4th 
         and 5th deployment seasons in the SAZ program.

MOORING         POSITION          DEPTH    RELEASE TIME          POSITION 
                                              (UTC)          (decimal degrees)
RECOVERIES           
SAZB_4  46°54.3'S   142°02.7'E    4600m  1935, 02/11/2001  46.905°S   142.045°E
SAZC_4  53°44.47'S  141°45.22'E   2120m  0030, 13/11/2001  53.7412°S  141.7537°E
DEPLOYMENTS            
SAZB_5  46°47.442'S 142°02.430'E  4600m  0407, 04/11/2001  46.79070°S 142.04050°E
SAZC_5  53°44.472'S 141°45.780'E  2040m  0009, 14/11/2001  53.74120°S 141.76300°E
SAZF_5  60°44.430'S 139°53.970'E  4393m  0249, 20/11/2001  60.74050°S 139.89950°E


TABLE 5: Principal investigators (*=cruise participant) for CTD water 
         sampling programs.

MEASUREMENT                 NAME             AFFILIATION
CTD, salinity, O2, NUTs    *Steve Rintoul    CSIRO
CFCs, CCl4                 *Mark Warner      University of Washington
DIC, alkalinity            *Bronte Tilbrook  CSIRO
DMS/DMSP/DMSO              *Jack Di Tullio   Grice Marine Lab., S. Carolina
DMS/DMSP                   *Graham Jones     Southern Cross University
halocarbons                 James Butler     NOAA
barium, barite, NH3        *Frank Dehairs    Vrije Universiteit, Brussels
δ30Si                      *Damien Cardinal  Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium
DOC,POC,PSi                *Tom Trull        Antarctic CRC
15N-N03                     Danny Sigman     Princeton University
18O of dissolved oxygen     Michael Bender   Princeton University
234Th                      *Ken Buesseler    WHOI
                           *Nicolas Savoye   Vrije Universiteit, Brussels
230Th, 231Pa                Roger Francois   WHOI
iron (sampled from stern)  *Peter Sedwick    Bermuda Bio. Station for Research
bacterial and primary pro- *Brian Griffiths  CSIRO
 duction, microzooplankton 
 grazing                   
phytoplankton community    *Phil Boyd        NIWA
 structure                 
phytoplankton               Simon Wright     Antarctic Division
                           *Harvey Marchant  Antarctic Division
bacterial groups            Guy Abel         University of Tasmania


TABLE 6: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise AU0103.

Edward Abraham     phytoplankton community structure  NIWA
Margaret Appleton  organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
Andrew Bowie       iron                               Antarctic CRC
Philip Boyd        phytoplankton community structure  University of Otago
Stephen Bray       CTD hydrochemistry, moorings       Antarctic CRC
Ken Buesseler      thorium                            Dept. of Marine 
                                                      Chemistry and 
                                                      Geochemistry, WHOI
Damien Cardinal    barium, NH3, δ30Si, thorium        Royal Museum for Central 
                                                      Africa, Belgium
Alexis Chaigneau   CTD                                Laboratory of Geophysi-
                                                      cal Studies and Spatial 
                                                      Oceanography, Toulouse
Kelvin Cope        electronics                        Antarctic Division
Guido Corno        organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
George Cresswell   CTD, moorings                      CSIRO
Clive Crossley     flow cytometry                     Antarctic CRC
Clodagh Moy        CTD, hydrochemistry                Antarctic CRC
Andrew Davidson    phytoplankton                      Antarctic Division
Frank Dehairs      barium, NH3, δ30Si, thorium        Vrije Univ., Brussels
Jack Di Tullio     DMS/DMSP/DMSO                      Grice Marine Lab., S. 
Carolina
Esther Fischer     DMS/DMSP                           Srn Cross University
Kelly Goodwin      halocarbons                        CIMAS, Univ. of Miami
Brian Griffiths    primary production, grazing        CSIRO
Clint Hare         Iron                               College of Marine 
                                                      Studies, Univ. of 
                                                      Delaware
Brian Hunt         CPR, zooplankton nets              Antarctic Division
Dave Hutchins      Iron                               College of Marine
                                                      Studies, Univ. of 
                                                      Delaware
Neale Johnston     CTD hydrochemistry                 CSIRO
Graham Jones       DMS/DMSP                           Srn Cross Univ.
Bronwyn Kimber     sea ice                            CODES, University of 
                                                      Tasmania
Dan King           halocarbons                        CIRES, Univ. of CO
Alex Kozyr         DIC, alkalinity                    Oak Ridge National 
                                                      Laboratory, U.S.
Ruth Lawless       dotzapper                          Antarctic Division
Sophie Le Roux     organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
Carsten Lemmen     organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
Sandric Leong      light absorption of phytoplankton  Soka University, Japan
Harvey Marchant    voyage leader, phytoplankton       Antarctic Division
Richard Matear     DIC, alkalinity                    CSIRO
Fred Menzia        CFC                                PMEL, NOAA
Daniela Mersch     organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
Gordon Mor         doctor                             Antarctic Division
Angus Munro        sea ice                            Antarctic CRC
Nobuaki Ohi        light absorption of phytoplankton  Soka University, Japan
Andrew Pankowski   sea ice                            School of Agricultural 
                                                      Science, University of 
                                                      Tasmania   
Naomi Petrie       organic carbon team                Antarctic CRC
Peter Pokorny      communications                     Antarctic Division
Linda Popels       Iron                               College of Marine 
                                                      Studies, University of 
                                                      Delaware
Mark Pretty        DIC, alkalinity                    CSIRO
James Reid         sea ice                            School of Plant 
                                                      Science, University of 
                                                      Tasmania
Malcolm Reid       phytoplankton community structure  University of Otago
Steve Rintoul      CTD, chief scientist               CSIRO
Sarah Riseman      DMS/DMSP/DMSO                      Hollings Marine 
                                                      Lab., South Carolina
Mark Rosenberg     CTD, moorings                      Antarctic CRC
Tilla Roy          CTD                                Antarctic CRC
Karl Safi          bacterial production               NIWA
Nicolas Savoye     barium, NH3, δ30Si, thorium        Vrije Univ., Brussels
Bryan Scott        computing                          Antarctic Division
Peter Sedwick      iron                               Bermuda Bio. Stn for 
Research
Jenny Skerratt     microbial processes                Antarctic CRC
Serguei Sokolov    CTD                                CSIRO
Robert Strzepek    phytoplankton community structure  The Harrison Lab, 
                                                      University of 
                                                      British Columbia    
Kunio Takahashi    copepods                           National Institute of 
                                                      Polar Research, Japan
Paul Thomson       phytoplankton                      Antarctic Division
Bronte Tilbrook    DIC, alkalinity                    CSIRO
Ryszard Tokarczyk  halocarbons                        Dept. of Oceanography, 
                                                      Dalhousie University
Lianos 
  Triantafillos    squid                              Antarctic CRC
Tom Trull          organic carbon team leader         Antarctic CRC
Simon Ussher       Iron                               School of Environmental 
Rick Van Den       phytoplankton, deputy voyage       Antarctic Division
  Enden              leader  
Robert Van Hale    phytoplankton community structure  University of Otago
Tessa Vance        DMS/DMSP                           Srn Cross University
Tony Veness        electronics                        Antarctic Division
Robert Walsh       phytoplankton community structure  DPIWE, Tasmania
Mark Warner        CFC                                School of Oceanography, 
                                                      University of Washington
Shari Yvon-Lewis   halocarbons                        AOML, NOAA



5.1.2.  PRESSURE

As described in previous data reports, noise in the pressure signal for CTD1193 
(used for stations 1 to 108) was high, with spikes of up to 1 dbar amplitude 
occurring. When forming pressure monotonic data prior to 2 dbar averaging, 
these spikes cause low data point attendance for a significant number of 2 dbar 
pressure bins, resulting in missing bins in the 2 dbar averaged data. To reduce 
the number of missing bins, the minimum number of data points required in a 2 
dbar bin to form a 2 dbar average was set to 8. To recover another ~20 missing 
bins from various stations, this minimum threshold value was reduced to 5. For 
most remaining missing bins, values were linearly interpolated between 
surrounding bins (Table 13), except where the local temperature gradient was 
too high. Further missing 2 dbar bins (Table 12) are due to quality control of 
the data.

For CTD1103 (stations 109 to 135) any noise in the pressure signal was very 
low, and the minimum number of data points required in a 2 dbar bin to form a 2 
dbar average was set to 10.

For stations 24, 29, 62, 82 and 87, the surface pressure offset was obtained by 
manual inspection of the data. For stations 107 and 108, hypersaline water was 
placed in the sensor cover prior to commencement of logging to try to prevent 
sensor freezing during deployment; the surface pressure offset for these two 
stations was also obtained by manual inspection of the data. For station 100, 
logging commenced when the CTD was already in the water at ~4 dbar, and the 
surface pressure offset was estimated from values from surrounding stations. 
Surface pressure offset values applied to pressure data for each station are 
listed in Table 8.


5.1.3.  DISSOLVED OXYGEN

CTD dissolved oxygen calibration results are shown in Figure 9, and the derived 
calibration coefficients are listed in Table 17. A new oxygen sensor was fitted 
to CTD1193 at the start of the cruise, and the same oxygen sensor was fitted to 
CTD1103 for station 109 onwards.

For the bulk of the water column the CTD dissolved oxygen data are good, and 
the standard deviation values for the CTD to bottle comparison are within 1% of 
full scale values (where full scale is approximately 380 µmol/l for data 
between 35 and 1000 dbar, and ~270 µmol/l for data below 1000 dbar). Much of 
the near surface part of the oxygen profiles is highly suspicious, in 
particular for the top 20 dbar, and often down to 30 dbar. In general, 
transient errors are common when CTD dissolved oxygen sensors (on General 
Oceanics CTDs) enter the water, and near surface oxygen data should be treated 
with caution. 


5.1.4.  FLUORESCENCE AND TRANSMITTANCE

All fluorescence data only have preliminary calibrations applied, to convert 
sensor output into voltages. These data should not be used quantitatively other 
than for linkage with primary productivity data. Note that fluorescence data 
for stations 7, 8 and 9 are suspect due to a flattening battery pack.

The transmissometer was fitted to the main CTD frame for most stations up to 
station 52, however all data are suspect. Good transmittance data were obtained 
after fitting the transmissometer to the CSIRO Seacat, deployed from the stern 
gantry - these data are not included here.


5.1.5.  CONDUCTIVITY SIGNAL NOISE

Close examination of the conductivity cell signal from General Oceanics CTDs 
reveals a signal noise large enough to generate spurious small scale vertical 
density inversions (Rosenberg et al., 1997, Tom Whitworth, pers. comm.). From 
previous cruises, CTD 1103 was found to generate the noisiest conductivity 
data. For this cruise, a comparison of conductivity signal noise was made 
between the two CTDs used, 1193 and 1103. Firstly, the full 25 Hz CTD data were 
extracted for a series of stations from approximately equivalent latitudes for 
both CTD 1193 and 1103. Steep parts of the vertical profile (i.e. near the top 
and bottom) were excluded. Data were then smoothed using a running mean average 
with a window size of ±5 data points. Lastly, variances were calculated for 
both the conductivity and temperature data. For the stations analysed in this 
way, there is no obvious difference in conductivity noise levels between the 
two CTDs (Figure 11) - for this cruise, evidently both CTDs are equally likely 
to give spurious vertical density inversions.


5.2.  NISKIN BOTTLE DATA

A Guildline 'Autosal' salinometer serial no. 62549 was used for analysis of all 
salinity bottle samples. International Standard Seawater batch numbers used are 
detailed in Appendix 1 (Table A1.1). 

For Niskin bottle 19, a loose lanyard prior to station 60 allowed the bottom 
end cap to pre-trip on many occasions. As a result, Niskin bottle samples from 
bottle 19 were bad for all parameters for the following stations: 9, 19, 21, 
23-27, 29, 30, 41-43, 45, 46, 48, 50-53, 56, 57, 59.

For stations 66 to 75, oxygen reagent 1 was accidentally topped up with Milli-Q 
instead of reagent 1, and oxygen bottle samples were pickled with this dilute 
reagent. These samples were analysed using a standardisation done with this 
same dilute reagent. Examination of the bottle oxygen concentrations and 
standardisation revealed no suspicious data - reagent volumes added to samples 
are in excess, thus the dilution of reagent 1 appears to have been within 
tolerance. 

For station 43, faulty rosette pylon behaviour resulted in all rosette 
positions out of synch. by 1 position, with bottle 24 tripped at the deepest 
position. For station 94, the pylon was accidentally set to position 1 prior to 
the cast, thus bottle 2 was tripped at the deepest position, and bottle 1 at 
the shallowest.

Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate nutrient data are shown in Figure 10.



TABLE 7: Calibration coefficients and calibration dates for CTD serial 
         numbers 1193 and 1103 (unit numbers 5 and 7 respectively) used 
         during cruise AU0103. 
         

  COEFFICIENT   VALUE OF COEFFICIENT         COEFFICIENT   VALUE OF COEFFICIENT

CTD serial number 1193 (unit no. 5)       CTD serial number 1103 (unit no. 7)
 (stations 1-108)                          (stations 109-135)      

pressure caib. coefficients               pressure caib. coefficients    
CSIRO Caib. Facility - 08/10/2001         CSIRO Caib. Facility - 03/10/2001
     pcal0         -1.112466e+01               pcal0          -2.107754e+01  
     pcal1          1.007841e-01               pcal1           1.001927e-01  
     pcal2          2.329940e-09               pcal2           9.702446e-09  
     pcal3         -6.068648e-14               pcal3          -6.379487e-14  
     pcal4          5.809276e-19               pcal4           3.916767e-19  
            
platinum temp. caib. coefficients         platinum temp. caib. coefficients
CSIRO Caib. Facility - 02/10/2001         CSIRO Caib. Facility - 12/10/2001
     Tcal0         -5.448864e-02               Tcal0           6.705048e-02  
     Tcal1          4.989851e-04               Tcal1           4.998226e-04  
     Tcal2         -1.960000e-12               Tcal2           0.0    
                               
pressure temp. caib. coefficients         pressure temp. caib. coefficients
CSIRO Caib. Facility - 08/10/2001         CSIRO Caib. Facility - 03/10/2001
     Tpcal0         8.43604e+01                Tpcal0          9.09870e+01  
     Tpcal1        -3.15992e-04                Tpcal1         -4.16256e-04  
     Tpcal2        -3.25000e-08                Tpcal2         -3.01003e-08  
     Tpcal3         0.0                        Tpcal3          0.0    
     Tpcal4         0.0                        Tpcal4          0.0    
                                         
coefficients for temp. correction        coefficients for temp. correction 
  to pressure                             to pressure      
CSIRO Caib. Facility - 08/10/2001        CSIRO Caib. Facility - 03/10/2001 
     T0            20.00                       T0             20.00    
     S1            -1.88557e-05                S1             -1.40716e-05  
     S2            -1.08758e-01                S2             -2.54401e-02  
                               
digitiser counts to voltage caib.        digitiser counts to voltage caib. for 
 for fluorescence channel                fluorescence channel (used CTD1193 values)
Aurora Australis - 22/11/2001                  
     f0            -5.57687                    f0             -5.57687  
     f1             1.70179e-04                f1              1.70179e-04  
     f2             0.0                        f2              0.0    
   
   
TABLE 8: Surface pressure offsets. ** indicates value estimated from manual 
         inspection of data.

         STN  SURFACE P    STN  SURFACE P    STN  SURFACE P    STN  SURFACE P  
         NO. OFFSET(DBAR)  NO. OFFSET(DBAR)  NO. OFFSET(DBAR)  NO. OFFSET(DBAR)
         --- ------------  --- ------------  --- ------------  --- ------------
           1     0.94      35     0.27        69    0.42       103    0.33  
           2     1.00      36     0.73        70   -0.17       104    0.86  
           3     0.53      37     0.06        71   -0.36       105    0.43  
           4     0.52      38    -0.08        72   -0.15       106    0.36  
           5     0.39      39     0.09        73    0.15       107   -0.20**
           6     0.11      40     0.25        74    0.60       108   -0.30**
           7     0.21      41     0.35        75    0.46       109    0.00  
           8     0.75      42     0.00        76   -0.44       110    0.79  
           9     0.90      43     0.52        77    0.04       111    1.00  
          10     0.83      44     0.21        78   -0.29       112    0.50  
          11     0.18      45    -0.33        79   -0.44       113    0.77  
          12     0.15      46    -0.89        80    0.09       114    0.85  
          13     0.52      47     0.23        81   -0.47       115    0.98  
          14     0.77      48    -0.42        82    0.20**     116    0.46  
          15     0.03      49     0.46        83   -0.29       117    0.59  
          16     0.15      50    -0.05        84   -0.48       118    0.99  
          17     0.15      51    -0.22        85    0.74       119    0.91  
          18     0.26      52     0.15        86    0.31       120    0.40  
          19     0.51      53    -0.56        87    0.00**     121    0.23  
          20    -0.57      54     0.05        88    0.22       122    0.36  
          21     0.03      55    -0.47        89   -0.06       123    1.05  
          22    -0.09      56     0.41        90    0.01       124    0.65  
          23    -0.11      57    -0.03        91    0.17       125    0.24  
          24    -0.20**    58     0.02        92    0.06       126   -0.12  
          25     0.15      59    -0.11        93   -0.20       127    0.93  
          26     0.27      60    -0.11        94    0.14       128    0.55  
          27     0.42      61    -0.69        95   -0.16       129    0.00  
          28    -0.01      62     0.30**      96   -0.04       130    0.25  
          29    -0.40**    63     0.08        97    0.47       131    0.74  
          30     0.19      64    -0.17        98    0.02       132    0.66  
          31     0.22      65    -0.67        99   -0.40       133   -0.35  
          32     0.38      66    -0.34       100   -0.20**     134   -0.27  
          33     0.32      67    -0.36       101   -0.05       135    0.23  
          34     0.15      68     0.41       102    0.35      


TABLE 9: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients. F(1), F(2) and F(3) are 
         respectively conductivity bias, slope and station-dependent 
         correction calibration terms. n is the number of samples retained 
         for calibration in each station grouping; σ is the standard 
         deviation of the conductivity residual for the n samples in the 
         station grouping.

STN GROUPING        F1              F2               F3         n      σ
          
 001 to 007  -0.12400843E-01  0.96693175E-03  -0.12678197E-07   94  0.001331
 008 to 013  -0.14229483E-01  0.96688131E-03   0.45234260E-08   81  0.001186
 014 to 017  -0.51762480E-02  0.94845242E-03  -0.28958816E-07   35  0.000878
 018 to 047  -0.11944275E-01  0.94817109E-03   0.22435385E-08  400  0.000996
 048 to 062   0.96277611E-03  0.94791325E-03  -0.65411185E-09  258  0.000843
 063 to 068  -0.87553383E-02  0.94830642E-03  -0.19967568E-08   89  0.000679
 069 to 076   0.21653981E-02  0.94790089E-03  -0.85898836E-09  136  0.000976
 077 to 083   0.27664169E-01  0.94705848E-03   0.39321052E-10  132  0.001127
 084 to 099   0.35267267E-01  0.94685326E-03  -0.52840211E-09  279  0.001360
 100 to 108   0.30957091E-01  0.94556130E-03   0.13561741E-07   66  0.001069
 109 to 119   0.30445228E-01  0.10055224E-02  -0.11314836E-08  131  0.001265
 120 to 129   0.23654117E-01  0.10055005E-02   0.79152735E-09  141  0.001313
 130 to 135  -0.97232207E-02  0.10041337E-02   0.19756780E-07   24  0.001586


TABLE 10: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3 . N), 
          for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope and 
          station-dependent correction calibration terms respectively.

          STN                    STN                     STN                
          NBR  (F2 + F3 . N)     NBR  (F2 + F3 . N)      NBR  (F2 + F3 . N) 
          ---  --------------    ---  --------------     ---  --------------
            1  0.96691907E-03     47  0.94827895E-03      93  0.94680412E-03
            2  0.96690639E-03     48  0.94788185E-03      94  0.94680359E-03
            3  0.96689371E-03     49  0.94788120E-03      95  0.94680306E-03
            4  0.96688103E-03     50  0.94788055E-03      96  0.94680253E-03
            5  0.96686836E-03     51  0.94787989E-03      97  0.94680201E-03
            6  0.96685568E-03     52  0.94787924E-03      98  0.94680148E-03
            7  0.96684300E-03     53  0.94787858E-03      99  0.94680095E-03
            8  0.96691750E-03     54  0.94787793E-03     100  0.94691748E-03
            9  0.96692202E-03     55  0.94787727E-03     101  0.94693104E-03
           10  0.96692654E-03     56  0.94787662E-03     102  0.94694460E-03
           11  0.96693107E-03     57  0.94787597E-03     103  0.94695816E-03
           12  0.96693559E-03     58  0.94787531E-03     104  0.94697172E-03
           13  0.96694011E-03     59  0.94787466E-03     105  0.94698528E-03
           14  0.94804700E-03     60  0.94787400E-03     106  0.94699885E-03
           15  0.94801804E-03     61  0.94787335E-03     107  0.94701241E-03
           16  0.94798908E-03     62  0.94787270E-03     108  0.94702597E-03
           17  0.94796012E-03     63  0.94820530E-03     109  0.10053662E-02
           18  0.94821469E-03     64  0.94820372E-03     110  0.10053654E-02
           19  0.94821691E-03     65  0.94820215E-03     111  0.10053647E-02
           20  0.94821913E-03     66  0.94820057E-03     112  0.10053639E-02
           21  0.94822134E-03     67  0.94819899E-03     113  0.10053631E-02
           22  0.94822356E-03     68  0.94819742E-03     114  0.10053624E-02
           23  0.94822577E-03     69  0.94784162E-03     115  0.10053616E-02
           24  0.94822799E-03     70  0.94784076E-03     116  0.10053608E-02
           25  0.94823020E-03     71  0.94783990E-03     117  0.10053600E-02
           26  0.94823242E-03     72  0.94783905E-03     118  0.10053593E-02
           27  0.94823464E-03     73  0.94783819E-03     119  0.10053585E-02
           28  0.94823685E-03     74  0.94783733E-03     120  0.10055955E-02
           29  0.94823907E-03     75  0.94783647E-03     121  0.10055963E-02
           30  0.94824128E-03     76  0.94783561E-03     122  0.10055971E-02
           31  0.94824350E-03     77  0.94706151E-03     123  0.10055979E-02
           32  0.94824571E-03     78  0.94706155E-03     124  0.10055987E-02
           33  0.94824793E-03     79  0.94706159E-03     125  0.10055995E-02
           34  0.94825015E-03     80  0.94706163E-03     126  0.10056003E-02
           35  0.94825236E-03     81  0.94706166E-03     127  0.10056011E-02 
           36  0.94825458E-03     82  0.94706170E-03     128  0.10056018E-02 
           37  0.94825679E-03     83  0.94706174E-03     129  0.10056026E-02 
           38  0.94825901E-03     84  0.94680887E-03     130  0.10067021E-02 
           39  0.94826122E-03     85  0.94680835E-03     131  0.10067219E-02 
           40  0.94826344E-03     86  0.94680782E-03     132  0.10067416E-02 
           41  0.94826566E-03     87  0.94680729E-03     133  0.10067614E-02 
           42  0.94826787E-03     88  0.94680676E-03     134  0.10067812E-02 
           43  0.94827009E-03     89  0.94680623E-03     135  0.10068009E-02 
           44  0.94827230E-03     90  0.94680570E-03       
           45  0.94827452E-03     91  0.94680518E-03       
           46  0.94827674E-03     92  0.94680465E-03       


TABLE 11: CTD raw data scans deleted during data processing. For raw scan 
          number ranges, the lowest and highest scan numbers are not included 
          in the action (except for scan 1).

          STATION NO.     RAW SCAN NOS.               REASON
          -------------   -------------------------   ---------------------------------
            1, upcast     1918-1920                   P spike
            4, upcast     2771-3, 2877-9              P spike
            7, upcast     4173-6, 4212-4              P spike
            8, upcast     644-6, 1519-21, 1854-7,     P spike  
                          1874-81, 1935-9, 3519-21, 
                          3569-71, 3586- 9, 3605-7, 
                          3631-3, 3654-6     
           24, downcast   1-450                       CTD deck unit not warmed up  
           29, downcast   1-830                       CTD deck unit not warmed up    
           62, downcast   1-1000                      CTD deck unit not warmed up
           82, downcast   1-520                       CTD deck unit not warmed up
           87, downcast   1-1300                      CTD deck unit not warmed up
           95, upcast     5348-52                     P spike
          107, downcast   1-4600                      hypersaline water in sensor cover
          108, downcast   1-1500                      hypersaline water in sensor cover
          128, upcast     4156-9                      P spike


TABLE 12: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files. '1' indicates missing 
          data for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, σ(T), 
          specific volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; O=oxygen; 
          F=fluorescence.

                STN     PRESSURE (DBAR) 
                NO.   WHERE DATA MISSING     T     S     O     F

                  1        whole stn                     1  
                  6        2252-2352                     1     1
                  6        2354-3246                           1
                  7        1970-2066                     1     1
                  7        2068-2898                           1
                 11        whole stn                           1
                 12        whole stn                     1  
                 13        whole stn                     1     1
                 15        whole stn                     1  
                 16        whole stn                           1
                 17        whole stn                           1
                 20        2344-2348                     1  
                 23        whole stn                     1  
                 24        4040-4060                     1  
                 28        180-184                 1     1  
                 34        whole stn                     1  
                 35        whole stn                     1  
                 36        whole stn                     1  
                 38        whole stn                     1  
                 44        whole stn                     1  
                 50        whole stn                     1  
                 52        whole stn                     1  
                 53        whole stn                     1  
                 64        whole stn                     1  
                 65        whole stn                     1  
                 70        whole stn                     1  
                 73        whole stn                     1  
                 74        whole stn                     1  
                 76        whole stn                     1  
                 76        1672-1674               1        
                 85        whole stn                     1  
                 86        whole stn                     1  
                 88        whole stn                     1  
                 89        2-48                                1
                 90        50-52                   1     1  
                100        2-4               1     1     1     1
                105        whole stn                     1  
                107        whole stn               1     1  
                108        whole stn               1     1  
                120        whole stn                     1  
                121        whole stn                     1  
                122        whole stn                     1  
                123        whole stn                     1  
                125        whole stn                           1
                126        whole stn                           1
                127        whole stn                     1  
                128        whole stn                     1  
                129        whole stn                     1  
                130        whole stn                     1  
                132        whole stn                     1  
                133        whole stn                     1  
                134        whole stn                     1  
                135        whole stn                     1  


TABLE 13: 2 dbar averages interpolated from surrounding 2 dbar values, for 
          the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S=salinity, σ(T) , specific 
          volume anomaly and geopotential anomaly; F=fluorescence.

                STN   INTERPOLATED                        PARAMETERS 
                NO    2 DBAR VALUES                       INTERPOLATED
                ---   ---------------------------------   ------------
                  6   1066, 1168                          O
                  6   2254-2256                           T, S
                  7   1304, 1410, 1458, 1466-1468, 1532   O
                  7   1970-1972, 1986-1988                T, S
                 30   2634                                T, S, O
                 40   2694                                T, S, O
                 45   1154                                T, S, O
                 51   1464                                T, S, O
                 60   2462                                T, S, O
                 61   2280                                T, S, O
                 71   1256, 2418                          T, S, O
                 78   2368                                T, S, O


TABLE 14: Suspect 2 dbar averages for the indicated parameters: 
          T=temperature; S=salinity, σ(T), specific volume anomaly and 
          geopotential anomaly; O=oxygen. * = general caution required, 
          due to frequent transient sensor errors when the CTD enters the 
          water.

                                    QUESTIONABLE 
                  STATION NO.    2 DBAR VALUE (DBAR)  PARAMETERS
                      
                      16              4000-4012           O
                 *all stations           2-4              S
                 *all stations           2-20             O


TABLE 15: Questionable nutrient sample values (not deleted from bottle data 
          file).

              PHOSPHATE                NITRATE             SILICATE
          station  rosette        station  rosette     station  rosette
          number   position       number   position    number   position
          -------------------     -----------------    -----------------
             29    whole stn                                       
                                                         43        4
                                                         45        3
             69    4                                               
                                                         72       11
                                    78     12       
                                    97     9        
            113    whole stn       113     whole stn
            117    whole stn                        
            118    whole stn                        
            122    whole stn       122     whole stn
            123    whole stn       123     whole stn
            124    whole stn       124     whole stn


TABLE 16: Digital reversing protected thermometers used: serial numbers are 
          listed.

stations 1 to 135   1683 on pos. 24   1624 on pos. 12   1625, 1682 on pos. 2


TABLE 17: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients. K(1), K(2), K(3), 
          K(4), K(5) and K(6) are respectively oxygen current slope, oxygen 
          sensor time constant, oxygen current bias, temperature correction 
          term, weighting factor, and pressure correction term. dox is equal 
          to 2.8σ (for σ as defined in Rosenberg et al., 1995); n is the 
          number of samples retained for calibration in each station or 
          station grouping.  

          STN 
          NBR    K(1)   K(2)    K(3)     K(4)     K(5)      K(6)        dox    n

            2   6.912   4.00  -0.684  -0.03195  0.22430  0.17482E-04  0.12445  10
            3   9.960   4.00  -1.607  -0.03173  0.71194  0.49421E-04  0.23750  12
            4   9.475   4.00  -1.474  -0.03299  0.16668  0.57404E-04  0.17484  20
            5   8.062   4.00  -1.251  -0.01867  0.83694  0.14405E-03  0.29252  21
            6   8.129   9.00  -1.250  -0.02263  0.56242  0.13824E-03  0.16039  20
            7   6.403   5.50  -0.913  -0.00744  0.46445  0.13388E-03  0.24943  21
            8   6.115   5.50  -0.678  -0.01635  0.77336  0.66683E-04  0.11864  13
            9   9.205   8.50  -1.498  -0.02543  0.69864  0.16783E-03  0.16433  20
           10   7.921   5.50  -1.254  -0.01550  0.64807  0.18216E-03  0.15138  20
           11   7.960   9.50  -1.213  -0.01700  0.02057  0.13327E-03  0.18890  22
           14   9.300   4.00  -1.400  -0.03600  0.75000  0.15000E-03  0.21524   9
           16   9.052   8.00  -1.442  -0.02344  0.74671  0.14595E-03  0.12373  12
           17   8.795   4.00  -1.384  -0.02407  0.74967  0.14314E-03  0.24080  21
           18   8.700   7.00  -1.200  -0.03600  0.75000  0.15000E-03  0.23160  12
           19   8.919   4.50  -1.405  -0.02321  0.25903  0.14130E-03  0.14356  21
           20   8.585   4.00  -1.333  -0.02092  0.91733  0.14039E-03  0.19361  24
           21   9.961   5.00  -1.617  -0.02732  0.33264  0.14976E-03  0.27909  20
           22   7.600   4.00  -0.746  -0.04166  0.01409  0.21553E-04  0.21020  14
           24   9.485   5.50  -1.534  -0.02118  0.63844  0.15718E-03  0.15158  16
           25   8.130   4.50  -1.043  -0.03220  0.67170  0.10759E-03  0.16108  12
           26   8.067   4.50  -1.222  -0.01272  0.68518  0.13136E-03  0.18858  20
           27   6.358   9.00  -0.581  -0.03279  0.90211  0.34873E-04  0.12788  12
           28  10.035   4.00  -1.590  -0.03837  0.51531  0.12646E-03  0.19962  20
           29  10.096   4.50  -1.602  -0.03871  0.30482  0.12998E-03  0.15828  19
           30  10.485   7.00  -1.658  -0.05009  0.16197  0.11585E-03  0.18770  20
           31   7.500   9.00  -0.900  -0.03600  0.75000  0.15000E-03  0.33576  12
           32   8.648   4.50  -1.317  -0.02529  0.09250  0.12518E-03  0.13736  20
           33  10.123   4.00  -1.611  -0.03645  0.11694  0.13034E-03  0.16474  22
           37   9.071   4.50  -1.408  -0.02180  0.04434  0.13173E-03  0.17548  21
           39  10.438   4.00  -1.678  -0.04284  0.82360  0.13394E-03  0.10882  20
           40  10.559   4.00  -1.679  -0.04517  0.90224  0.12215E-03  0.19414  21
           41   8.142   4.00  -1.218  -0.00863  0.39981  0.12397E-03  0.18955  22
           42   9.400  10.00  -1.400  -0.03600  0.75000  0.15000E-03  0.33467  12
           43   7.372   4.50  -1.073  -0.00119  0.72129  0.12954E-03  0.21126  22
           45   8.612   5.00  -1.329  -0.00971  0.84397  0.14126E-03  0.07114  22
           46   8.172   4.00  -1.238  -0.00299  0.08014  0.13609E-03  0.19217  22
           47   8.055   4.00  -1.085  -0.03461  0.56014  0.11641E-03  0.25505  13
           48   8.655   4.50  -1.299  -0.02892  0.29307  0.11950E-03  0.15894  22
           49   8.419   4.00  -1.228  -0.03023  0.20057  0.10052E-03  0.18601  21
           51   8.928   4.00  -1.355  -0.02495  0.65819  0.11629E-03  0.20093  22
           54   8.735   4.50  -1.335  -0.01811  0.19625  0.12976E-03  0.19223  20
           55   9.294   4.50  -1.416  -0.04027  0.33908  0.17025E-03  0.14452  12
           56   8.572   4.00  -1.294  -0.02030  0.97227  0.13192E-03  0.17817  22
           57   8.907   9.00  -1.369  -0.01761  0.80135  0.13222E-03  0.10672  22
           58   8.629   4.00  -1.282  -0.03729  0.59448  0.22645E-03  0.12402  12
           59   9.107   4.50  -1.395  -0.01977  0.68997  0.12267E-03  0.18267  21
           60   9.272   5.00  -1.408  -0.04199  0.85654  0.11579E-03  0.20739  22
           61   9.239   4.50  -1.394  -0.04204  0.97849  0.10763E-03  0.16084  21


TABLE 17 (continued)

          STN 
          NBR    K(1)   K(2)    K(3)     K(4)     K(5)      K(6)        dox    n

           62   8.899   8.00  -1.318  -0.03501  0.33276  0.15050E-03  0.16301  10
           63   9.468  10.00  -1.495  -0.00804  0.98786  0.14314E-03  0.08236  21
           66   9.377   4.00  -1.477  -0.01029  0.35603  0.13980E-03  0.20116  23
           67   8.866   6.50  -1.302  -0.05731  0.38414  0.98862E-04  0.16167  23
           68   9.666   7.00  -1.539  -0.05715  0.70477  0.60321E-03  0.17746  12
           69   6.939   5.00  -0.789  -0.10126  0.65270  0.35727E-04  0.20522  21
           71   8.420   7.00  -1.220  -0.03124  0.03001  0.10541E-03  0.13972  22
           72   9.122   7.00  -1.377  -0.03174  0.62800  0.11280E-03  0.18488  20
           75   9.600   4.00  -1.514  -0.00501  0.86646  0.14139E-03  0.20482  23
           77   8.135   4.50  -1.118  -0.05922  0.94853  0.36330E-04  0.14840  10
           78   9.515   4.00  -1.497  -0.00887  0.79461  0.14148E-03  0.07669  23
           79   7.588   4.50  -0.996  -0.06477  0.00080  0.72885E-04  0.15632  22
           80   7.352  11.50  -1.035  -0.00070  0.32658  0.12954E-03  0.12665  22
           81   8.085  10.00  -1.123  -0.04882  0.09085  0.74130E-04  0.09479  12
           82   8.978   4.00  -1.405  -0.01642  0.69154  0.15006E-03  0.12764  18
           83   9.033   7.50  -1.400  -0.00065  0.74911  0.14806E-03  0.12517  20
           84   2.204   5.50   0.290  -0.19604  0.31706  0.18185E-03  0.18605  11
           87   9.579   4.00  -1.516  -0.00077  0.68334  0.15170E-03  0.24743  23
           89   6.396   8.00  -0.850  -0.00155  0.70775  0.13731E-03  0.23418  23
           90   6.692   5.50  -0.805  -0.06733  0.17446  0.61515E-04  0.23437  22
           91   8.596  10.00  -1.300  -0.00013  0.60384  0.14717E-03  0.22087  23
           92   8.347   5.00  -1.146  -0.04137  0.23471  0.14593E-04  0.18880  12
           93   8.785   7.00  -1.336  -0.00028  0.80655  0.14838E-03  0.09346  22
           94   9.532   7.00  -1.495  -0.00075  0.70964  0.15125E-03  0.19109  20
           95  11.468   6.00  -1.911  -0.01291  0.77412  0.16731E-03  0.23867  22
           96   6.409   7.00  -0.729  -0.03693  0.11306  0.10841E-04  0.12173  12
           97  10.893   4.00  -1.730  -0.05168  0.57916  0.11548E-03  0.31288  22
           98   5.557   4.00  -0.552  -0.09634  0.21763  0.52523E-04  0.27154  22
           99   4.254   4.00  -0.258  -0.11902  0.29200  0.88222E-05  0.13664  11
          100   9.801   6.00  -1.498  -0.02847  0.61098  0.31736E-03  0.24018  11
          101   2.635   4.00   0.241  -0.02757  0.75817  0.11936E-03  0.15955   8
          102   3.075   6.50   0.006  -0.13997  0.25742  0.14322E-03  0.13704   8
          103   3.035   6.00  -0.046  -2.01790  0.47425  0.84172E-04  0.10521   8
          104   4.181   4.00  -0.099  -0.04098  0.77975  0.10948E-03  0.11980   8
          106   2.907   6.50   0.054  -0.09441  0.24966  0.11797E-03  0.07823  10
          109   6.697   5.50  -0.869  -0.04593  0.19676  0.33967E-03  0.20713   8
          110   4.637   4.50  -0.377  -0.07659  0.22883  0.34088E-03  0.27937  10
          111   4.401   5.00  -0.267  -0.06183  0.22249  0.93693E-04  0.10553   7
          112  12.962   5.00  -2.341  -0.01813  0.37623  0.10047E-02  0.10977   6
          113   3.121   9.00   0.000  -0.11125  0.09626  0.32518E-04  0.23107  12
          114   2.460  10.00   0.135  -0.19090  0.22880  0.29243E-04  0.24413  19
          115   5.027   6.00  -0.416  -0.08754  0.09586  0.57401E-04  0.18011  24
          116   1.771  10.00   0.319  -2.83890  0.48070  0.11283E-03  0.18744   8
          117   3.608   4.00  -0.117  -0.23891  0.34958  0.56453E-04  0.17931   9
          118   3.072   4.00   0.004  -0.17242  0.26132  0.31683E-04  0.18890  14
          119   7.111   9.00  -0.901  -0.03454  0.08394  0.11226E-03  0.22834  23
          124   4.554  10.00  -0.325  -0.07275  0.08706  0.54370E-04  0.21894  19
          125   5.296  10.00  -0.580  -0.00038  0.36196  0.13564E-03  0.22973  21
          126   7.715   4.50  -1.030  -0.00271  0.75214  0.41146E-04  0.10723  13
          131   0.087   6.00   1.011  -0.31566  0.91766  0.21432E-04  0.23240  13








                                   APPENDIX 1

                     HYDROCHEMISTRY CRUISE LABORATORY REPORT
                  Clodagh Moy, Stephen Bray and Neale Johnston



This hydrochemistry was part of the CLIVAR program on Voyage 3 on the Aurora 
Australis. Seawater samples were analysed for salinity, nutrients (NO2+NO3, Si 
and P) and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Samples were collected from 135 
stations in total, including 122 stations of a repeat north-south transect of the 
SR3 line (including 8 particle station sites) and a further 13 stations off the 
coast near the Mertz Glacier and across the continental shelf. Additional samples 
were analysed for some scientists on board, as described below. The methods used 
are described in the CRC hydrochemistry manual (Curran and Bray, 2003).

Number of samples analysed

Salinities:        2288 (2246 samples for SR3 and particle stations)
Dissolved Oxygens: 2002
Nutrients:         2746 (2269 samples for SR3 and particle stations)


A1.1.  SALINITY

Clodagh Moy and Neale Johnston analysed salinities over a 24-hour period each 
day in the wet lab. A Guildline Autosal salinometer SN 62549 was used. Ocean 
Scientific IAPSO standard seawater batches used to standardise the salinometer 
throughout the cruise are summarised in Table A1.1. Repeat standardisations 
(e.g. P137 measured against P137) showed no difference (i.e. 2R of < 0.00000) 
over 33 repeats during the cruise. P133 standards were also measured. They 
showed no difference, average being 0.0000 psu. Additional standards P140 were 
measured. They showed no difference, average being 0.0000 psu.

There were some problems controlling the temperature of the wet lab for a 
number of days during the cruise. The temperature ranged between 17 and 21 
degrees. A PID temperature controller was used to control the temperature and 
an independent air-conditioner in the wet lab. Maintaining stable air 
temperature proved difficult with this air-conditioner, and a close eye was 
kept on the temperature at all times. Analysis stopped if fluctuations in 
ambient temperature exceeded 1 degree.


Table A1.1: Summary of IAPSO Standard Seawater (ISS) batches used for 
            salinometer standardisations during cruise AU0103.

                  CTD station number    ISS batch number

                         1-7                  P133
                         8-9                  P137
                        10-13             P133 and P137
                        14-29                 P137
                         30                   P133
                        31-36             P133 and P140
                        37-42                 P140
                        43-45                 P133
                        46-88                 P140
                        89-115                P133
                       116-119                P140
                       120-125                P133
                       126-128                P140
                       129-135                P133


Files updated:
  sal_std_check.xls
  sal62549.xls


A1.2.  DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed by Stephen Bray in the wet lab. There 
were no major problems with the DO system. Standardisation and blank values 
were collated from this and previous cruises, and plotted to help identify 
outlying or suspicious values. The average standardisation value and average 
standard deviation was 4.425 +/- 0.002 ml of thiosulphate. This is 297.7 +/- 
0.14 µmol/l of oxygen, or 0.04%. The average blank value and average standard 
deviation were 0.006 +/- 0.001 ml of thiosulphate.

Files:
  do_std&blank.xls, a9901
  do_std&blank.xls, all       (collation of DO standardisation values)
  do_std&blank.xls, charts    (charts of standardisation values)
  do.xls, variable summary
  do.xls, hydro_calc_check


A1.3.  NUTRIENTS

Clodagh Moy and Neale Johnston analysed nutrients, timing autoanalyser runs to 
keep the instrument running over the full 24 hours each day. Phosphate, 
silicate, nitrite + nitrate were analysed as per CSIRO methods (Cowley, 2001, 
and Cowley and Johnston, 1999). A new automatic switching valve system was used 
to change over from reagents to MQ and carrier etc., and included a baseline 
calibration. Standards were made up every couple of days in low nutrient 
seawater (collected from Maria Island and filtered and autoclaved, before going 
on the cruise). The Carrier was Artificial Seawater (or sodium chloride in MQ). 
New software called 'Winflow' was used, which was user friendly and flexible. A 
standard run included a baseline calibration using the switching valves, taking 
approximately 45 mins, followed by a set of standards, some SRMs (Standard 
Reference Material from Ocean Scientific) and QCs (LNSW spiked with nutrients), 
and a set of 48 samples followed by a second set of standards, SRMs and QCs.  A 
run normally took about 3 hours to complete.

At the beginning of the cruise there were some problems with the nitrate 
analyses, resulting in bad peak shapes for NO2/NO3. After much experimentation 
to trace the problem, the batch of HCl and brij used to make up the reagents 
was changed - this fixed the problem. Trouble was also experienced with a bad 
batch of Cd coils (3 coils were used over a two week period). A separate batch 
brought from CSIRO was then used, with one coil lasting 2 weeks, as expected.

Near the end of the cruise the nitrite/nitrate line leaked over the nitrate 
detector near the exit of the flow cell. The detector began smoking and 
burning. The motherboard was destroyed and the detector was no longer usable, 
useful only for spare parts. An additional minor problem occurred with another 
detector - it would not zero and kept sitting on wait. The Antarctic Division 
electronics engineer replaced a transistor with one from the burnt detector, 
fixing the problem.

Data processing was time consuming, with the procedure as follows for each run:

  • first the winflow files are tidied up;
  • pick peaks and check the standards, SRMs and QCs;
  • check the baselines;
  • data are then exported to Excel to be further processed;
  • using the Fyyvvrr.xlt macro to process the data, import the n,s,p files;
  • check the 3-baseline median's (green boxes) and pick the median baseline 
    number;
  • check the standards, SRM and QC values;
  • check the standard curves and % recovery of the cd coil for N.

When happy with the run, a summary sheet was produced and exported to a *.xlw 
file for import into HYDRO (a MS-Excel based program for hydrochemistry data 
handling). Once imported into HYDRO, a csv file was made.


A1.4.  GENERAL DATA HANDLING

Plots were made of property versus station to check for suspicious data or 
wrongly entered data.  They were based on the data in the CSV file, and were 
opened via the macro CSV in A0103.XLM. Data was backed up to 250MB Iomega Zip 
disks.


A1.5.  LABORATORIES

The salinometer, DO system and nutrient systems were all in the wet lab. The MQ 
system was in the photo lab. The wet lab and the photo lab were received in 
clean condition. The salinometer was on the aft bench, starboard side, near the 
porthole. The nutrient system was on the remaining aft bench. The DO system was 
on the starboard sorting bench. The port side bench near the door to the trawl 
deck was used to prepare reagents and runs for the nutrients. The fish bowl 
contained the data computer, stationary and manuals.


A1.6.  TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL

Temperature in the wet lab was controlled by an independent air conditioner on 
the starboard side bulkhead and by a CAL Controls Ltd 'CAL 9900' proportional 
derivative plus integral (PID) temperature controller. The photo lab had no 
temperature controller. The ships heating inlets above the salinometer were 
taped closed. The temperature from the air-conditioner fluctuated from 11 to 18 
degrees. This caused the temperature controller to struggle when down at the 
lower temperatures, and resulted in one of the heaters blowing its fuse from 
over-heating. The air conditioner was monitored regularly to reduce large 
fluctuations in temperature. The photo lab was heated by the ship's air-
conditioning and maintained a steady temperature.

Two Tinytalk units recorded the laboratory temperature in the wetlab. One was 
positioned beside the salinometer, while the other was positioned beside the DO 
system. The temperature was also measured by a digital thermometer above the 
salinometer and the temperature monitored by the PID controller in the wet lab. 
'Indoor/outdoor' electronic thermometers were used to measure the fridge and 
freezer. The air temperature about the salinometer was generally 20.0 +/- 1°C.


A1.7.  PURIFIED WATER

A new RO system was bought before the voyage, instead of using the MBDI tanks. 
The system seemed to work well. However, some air locks were experienced from 
time to time and the tanks in the polisher emptied. A lot of people were using 
our MQ system and about 280L (~14 x 20L carboys) of water was produced for this 
cruise. Pre-filters were changed three times, and the polishers once.


A1.8.  ADDITIONAL SAMPLES ANALYSED

Apart from the main CTD hydrochemistry program, a number of samples were 
analysed for other scientists on board, as described below:

Additional salinities were analysed for the following people:

  Andrew Davidson, AAD:    1 sample;  
  Kelly Goodwin, NOAA:     6 samples;
  Nicolas Savoye, VUB:    11 samples; 
  Bronte Tilbrook, CSIRO: 24 samples.

Additional nutrients were analysed for the following people:

  Phil Boyd, Alkali:      49 samples; 
  Pete Sedwick, BBSR:    120 samples;
  Malcolm Reid, Alkali:   10 samples; 
  Karl Safi, NIWA:        41 samples;
  Guido Corno, IASOS:     15 samples; 
  Frank Dehairs,VUB:     218 samples;
  Bronte Tilbrook, CSIRO: 24 samples.
  







                                   APPENDIX 2

                           DATA FILE TYPES AND FORMATS


A2.1.  CTD DATA

  • CTD no.1193 was used for station 1 to 108. CTD no. 1103 was used for 
    stations 109 to 135.
  • CTD data are in text files named *.all, containing 2-dbar averaged data. 
    An example of file naming convention:

a01035020.all      a = Aurora Australis
                  01 = year
                  03 = cruise number
                   5 = CTD instrument number
                 020 = CTD station number

  • The files consist of a 15 line header with station information (all times 
    are UTC), followed by the data in column format, as follows:

    column 1 - pressure (dbar)
    column 2 - temperature (degrees C, T90 scale)
    column 3 - salinity (PSS78)
    column 4 - density-1000 kg/m3
    column 5 - specific volume anomaly
    column 6 - geopotential anomaly
    column 7 - dissolved oxygen (µmol/l)
    column 8 - no. of data points used in the 2 dbar bin
    column 9 - standard deviation of temperature data points in the bin
    column 10 - standard deviation of conductivity data points in the bin
    columns 11,12 - fluorescence ((volts) and transmittance (if present)

  • All files start at 2 dbar, and there is a line for each 2 dbar value. Any 
    missing data is filled by blank characters.
  • All CTD data are downcast data.
  • For station 76, the data in the 'fluorescence' column is actually from 
    the copper ion selective electrode (in volts).


A2.2.  NISKIN BOTTLE DATA

  • The bottle data are contained in the a0103.bot text file, with the 
    following columns:

    column  1 - station number
    column  2 - ctd pressure (dbar)
    column  3 - ctd temperature (deg. C, T90 scale)
    column  4 - digital reversing thermometer temperature
    column  5 - ctd conductivity (mS/cm)
    column  6 - ctd salinity (PSS78)
    column  7 - bottle salinity (PSS78)
    column  8 - phosphate (µmol/l)
    column  9 - nitrate (µmol/l) (i.e. total nitrate+nitrite)
    column 10 - silicate (µmol/l)
    column 11 - bottle dissolved oxygen (µmol/l)
    column 12 - bottle flag (1=good,0=suspicious,-1=bad,mainly relevant to 
                bottle salinity values for CTD calibration, but not necessarily)
    column 13 - niskin bottle number

  • Columns 2, 3, 5 and 6 are all the averages of CTD upcast burst data (i.e. 
    averages of the 10 seconds of CTD data prior to each bottle firing)
  • Any missing data are filled by a decimal point '.'
  • The file fluoro.lis contains the same data as a0103.bot, except that 
    there is a line of data for all 24 rosette positions, and for all station 
    numbers, with null values represented by -9. An additional last column 
    contains CTD upcast burst data for fluorescence.


A2.3.  STATION INFORMATION

A summary of the station information is contained in the a0103.sta file (this 
station information is also included in the matlab file a0103.mat), containing 
position, time, bottom depth and maximum pressure of cast for CTD stations. The 
CTD instrument number is specified in the file header. Position and time (UTC) 
are specified at the start, bottom and end of the cast, while the bottom depth 
is for the start of the cast. 


A2.4.  MATLAB FORMAT

  • CTD 2 dbar data and bottle data are also contained respectively in the 
    matlab files a0103.mat and a0103bot.mat. a0103.mat includes station 
    information.
  • In the matlab files, column number for each array corresponds with CTD 
    station number.
  • In the matlab files, NaN is a null value.
  • In the bottle file, the rows 1 to 24 are the shallowest to deepest 
    Niskins respectively.
  • For the file a0103.mat, the array names have the following meaning:
    (all times are UTC)
    'start' refers to start of cast
    'bottom' refers to bottom of cast
    'end' refers to end of cast
    'decimal time' is decimal days from 2400 on 31st Dec. 2000 (so, for 
       example, midday on 2nd January 2001 = decimal time 1.5).
    'lat' is latitude (decimal degrees, where -ve = south)
    'lon' is longitude (decimal degrees, where +ve = east)
    'time' is hhmm time
      botd      = ocean depth (m)
      maxp      = maximum pressure of the CTD cast (dbar)
      ctdunit   = instrument serial number
    'ctd' is the upcast CTD burst data, for the parameters:
      fluoro    = fluorescence
      ga        = geopotential anomaly
      npts      = number of data points used in the 2 dbar bin
      ox        = dissolved oxygen (µmol/l)
      press     = pressure (dbar)
      sal       = salinity (PSS78)
      sigma_t   = density-1000 (kg/m3)
      sva       = specific volume anomaly
      temp      = temperature (deg.C T90)
      transmiss = transmissometer data, mostly suspect
  • For the file a0103bot.mat, the array names have the following 
      meaning:
    'ctd' refers to upcast CTD burst data, for the parameters:
      cond      = conductivity (mS/cm)
      fluoro    = fluorescence
      press     = pressure (dbar)
      sal       = salinity (PSS78)
      temp      = temperature (deg.C T90)
    'hyd' refers to bottle data, for the parameters:
      ox        = dissolved oxygen (µmol/l)
      sal       = salinity (PSS78)
      flag      = the bottle flagged described under the bottle data section
      niskin    = niskin bottle number
      nitrate, phosphate, silicate = µmol/l
      station   = station number
      therm     = digital reversing thermometer temperature (deg.C T90)


A2.5.  WOCE DATA FORMAT

The data are also available as WOCE format files, following the standard WOCE 
format as described in Joyce and Corry (1994).


A2.5.1.  CTD 2 DBAR-AVERAGED DATA FILES

  • Data are contained in the files *.ctd
  • CTD 2 dbar-averaged file format is as per Table 4.7 of Joyce and Corry 
    (1994), except that measurements are centered on even pressure bins (with 
    first value at 2 dbar).
  • CTD temperature and salinity are reported to the third decimal place only. 
  • The quality flags for CTD data are defined in Table A2.1.


A2.5.2.  BOTTLE DATA FILES

  • Data are contained in the file a0103.sea, with the file a0103cfc.sea 
    including CFC data.
  • Bottle data file format is as per Table 4.5 of Joyce and Corry (1994), 
    with quality flags defined in Tables A2.2 and A2.3. 
  • The total value of nitrate+nitrite only is listed. 
  • Silicate is reported to the first decimal place only. 
  • CTD temperature (including theta), CTD salinity and bottle salinity are 
    all reported to the third decimal place only. 
  • CTD temperature (including theta), CTD pressure and CTD salinity are all 
    derived from upcast CTD burst data; CTD dissolved oxygen is derived from 
    downcast 2 dbar-averaged data.
  • Raw CTD pressure values are not reported.
  • SAMPNO is equal to the rosette position of the Niskin bottle.
  • Salinity samples rejected for conductivity calibration, as per eqn A2.20 
    in Rosenberg et al. (1995), are not flagged in the .sea file.


A2.5.3.  CONVERSION OF UNITS FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS

A2.5.3.1.  Dissolved oxygen

Niskin bottle data

For the WOCE format files, all Niskin bottle dissolved oxygen concentration 
values have been converted from volumetric units µmol/l to gravimetric units 
µmol/kg, as follows. Concentration C(k) in µmol/kg is given by

      C(k) = 1000 C(l) / ρ(θ,s,0)                            (eqn A2.1)

where C(l) is the concentration in µmol/l, 1000 is a conversion factor, and 
ρ(θ,s,0) is the potential density at zero pressure and at the potential 
temperature θ, where potential temperature is given by

      θ = θ(T,s,p)                                           (eqn A2.2)

for the in situ temperature T, salinity s and pressure p values at which the 
Niskin bottle was fired. Note that T, s and p are upcast CTD burst data 
averages.

CTD data

In the WOCE format files, CTD dissolved oxygen data are converted to µmol/kg by 
the same method as above, except that T, s and p in eqns A2.1 and A2.2 are CTD 
2 dbar-averaged data.

A2.5.3.2.  Nutrients

For the WOCE format files, all Niskin bottle nutrient concentration values have 
been converted from volumetric units µmol/l to gravimetric units µmol/kg using

      C(k) = 1000 C(l) / ρ(T(l),s,0)                         (eqn A2.3)

where 1000 is a conversion factor, and ρ(Tl,s,0) is the water density in the 
hydrochemistry laboratory at the laboratory temperature Tl = 20.5°C, and at zero 
pressure. Upcast CTD burst data averages are used for s.

A2.5.4.  STATION INFORMATION FILE

  • Data are contained in the file a0103.sum, with the file format as per 
    section 3.3 of Joyce and Corry (1994).
  • All depths are calculated using a uniform speed of sound through the 
    water column of 1463 ms-1. Reported depths are as measured from the water 
    surface. Missing depths are due to interference of the ship's bow 
    thrusters with the echo sounder signal.
  • An altimeter attached to the base of the rosette frame (approximately at 
    the same vertical position as the CTD sensors) measures the elevation (or 
    height above the bottom) in metres. The elevation value at each station 
    is recorded manually from the CTD data stream display at the bottom of 
    each CTD downcast. Motion of the ship due to waves can cause an error in 
    these manually recorded values of up to ±3 m.
  • Wire out (i.e. meter wheel readings of the CTD winch) were unavailable.


Table A2.1: Definition of quality flags for CTD data (after Table 4.10 in 
            Joyce and Corry, 1994). These flags apply both to CTD data in the 
            2 dbar-averaged *.ctd files, and to upcast CTD burst data in the 
            *.sea files.

                     flag    definition

                      1      not calibrated with water samples
                      2      acceptable measurement
                      3      questionable measurement
                      4      bad measurement
                      5      measurement not reported
                      6      interpolated over >2 dbar interval
                      7      despiked
                      8      this flag not used
                      9      parameter not sampled


Table A2.2: Definition of quality flags for Niskin bottles (i.e. parameter 
            BTLNBR in *.sea files) (after Table 4.8 in Joyce and Corry, 1994).

                     flag    definition
                      1      this flag is not used
                      2      no problems noted
                      3      bottle leaking
                      4      bottle did not trip correctly
                      5      not reported
                    6,7,8    these flags are not used
                      9      samples not drawn from this bottle
                     
                     
Table A2.3: Definition of quality flags for water samples in *.sea files 
            (after Table 4.9 in Joyce and Corry, 1994).

                     flag    definition

                      1      this flag is not used
                      2      acceptable measurement
                      3      questionable measurement
                      4      bad measurement
                      5      measurement not reported
                      6      mean of replicate measurements
                      7      manual autoanalyser peak measurement
                      8      this flag not used
                      9      parameter not sampled


A2.6.  ADCP DATA

ADCP data are available as 30 ensemble averages, contained in the following 
files:

au010301.cny        - text format, all data
au0103_slow35.cny   - text format, 'on station' data 
                      (i.e. data for which ship speed ≤ 0.35 ms(^-1)
a0103dop.mat        - matlab format, all data
a0103dop_slow35.mat - matlab format, 'on station' data 
                      (i.e. data for whichship speed ≤ 0.35 ms(^-1)

Full file format description is given in the text file README_au0103_adcp, 
included with the data.


A2.7.  UNDERWAY DATA

Ship's underway data (including meteorological data, bathymetry, GPS, and sea 
surface temperature/salinity/fluorescence), quality controlled by the dotzapper 
(Ruth Lawless, unpublished data quality control report), are contained in the 
following files:

         clivar_underway.ora -   text format, 1 minute instantaneous data
         clivar_underway.mat - matlab format, 1 minute instantaneous data

See section 4.5 above for more details. Full file format description is given 
in the text file README_clivar_underway, included with the data. Note that 
there are a few suspiciously low sea surface salinity values near the start and 
end of the time series.






                                     APPENDIX 3

                CFC MEASUREMENTS ON AU0103 (CLIVAR REPEAT OF P12)
                          PRELIMINARY SHIPBOARD REPORT

      Mark J. Warner, University of Washington, School of Oceanography
                    Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195-5351 USA
Phone: 206-543-0765, FAX: 206-685-3351, E-mail: mwarner@ocean.washington.edu

                Co-investigator: John L. Bullister, NOAA-PMEL
            Building 3, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA
    Phone: 206-526-6741, FAX: 206-526-6744, E-mail: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov




A3.1.  CFC SAMPLING PROCEDURES AND DATA PROCESSING

Analysts: Mark J. Warner, University of Washington
          Fred A. Menzia, Joint Institute for the Study of 
                          Atmosphere and Ocean

Concentrations of three dissolved chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-
113) were measured in approximately 1350 samples during this section. The 
sampling procedure and analytical techniques are based upon those described by 
Bullister and Weiss (1988). Samples for CFC analyses were drawn from the 10-
liter Niskins into 100 cm3 ground glass syringes fitted with stainless steel 
syringe tips. These syringes were stored in a water bath until analyses. A 
portable laboratory on the heli-deck housed the analytical instrumentation. 
Underway measurement of atmospheric CFC concentrations was accomplished by 
pumping air from the bow through approximately 100 m of 3/8-in Dekaron tubing 
into the CFC portable laboratory. The separation of the CFCs was accomplished 
using a 46 cm Porasil B, 80/100 mesh precolumn followed by a 1.5 m Carbograph 
1AC column in a Shimadzu Mini-2 gas chromatograph.

Shipboard electron capture gas chromatography was used to measure CFC 
concentrations in air, seawater, and gas standards during the expedition. In 
general, the precision of the measurements was outstanding during this 
expedition. The precisions for the response of the detector to injection of an 
approximately 3.7 cm(^3) loop of gas standard 33790 (CFC-11: 265.04 parts per 
trillion, CFC-12: 525.04 ppt, CFC-113: 82.84 ppt) was 1.04% for CFC-11, 0.63% 
for CFC-12, and 3.14% for CFC-113 over the entire cruise. Two calibration 
curves were used for the cruise and show relatively small differences (less 
than 1% difference in sensitivity over most of the range). Atmospheric 
concentrations for the CFCs showed very little variation, either temporally or 
spatially, during the cruise. The mean atmospheric mixing ratios on the SIO93 
calibration scale are:

                            CFC-11:   253.09±1.58 ppt
                            CFC-12:   538.03±1.95 ppt
                            CFC-113:  78.51±1.14 ppt

Seawater samples have been corrected for blanks introduced through the 
analytical system. A residual contamination existed in the valve at the top of 
the sparging chamber. These blanks, although relatively high, were also fairly 
constant and reduced during the course of the expedition. The preliminary 
measurements have not been corrected for any contamination introduced from the 
Niskin bottles or the sampling procedure. These will be determined from a 
careful examination of the seawater CFC concentrations at the northern end of 
the section. Approximately 35 duplicate syringes were sampled and analysed to 
determine precision for seawater measurements. The calculated precisions are 
listed below; whichever is smaller, the concentration or percentage, applies to 
the data:
                     CFC-11:   ±0.0022 pmol kg(^-1) or 0.74%
                     CFC-12:   ±0.0016 pmol kg(^-1) or 0.74%
                     CFC-113:  ±0.0040 pmol kg(^-1) or 2.7%

These data exceed the precision established for CFC-11 and CFC-12 as WOCE 
standards. (No standard was set for CFC-113.)


A3.2.  ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS

Prior to CTD 17, a small leak existed in the portion of the system used for 
analyses of standard gas and bow air samples but not in the portion of the 
system used for seawater samples. This resulted in apparently high seawater 
concentrations and surface saturations of CFCs.  Shortly before finding this 
leak, the electrometer on the Shimadzu Mini-2 Gas Chromatograph had been 
replaced due to poor temperature control for the oven. This complicates the 
ability to correct the seawater data from CTDs 1-12, since the new electrometer 
also altered the amplified signal from the ECD. For this preliminary data 
report, the post-leak calibration curve has been applied to all this data and 
the seawater concentrations multiplied by the ratio of the sensitivities for 1 
large gas sample volume before the leak and after the leak. Prior to fixing the 
leak, the precision of measured CFC-113 concentrations in the gas standards was 
too poor to attempt to measure seawater concentrations. CFC-113 concentrations 
are only reported after CTD 16.

A small amount of contamination was introduced to the analytical system through 
the use of a lubricating spray in the deadbolt on the van door. The baseline 
drifted upward and became very noisy for 1.5 days. Low-concentration samples of 
CFC-113 are suspect (WOCE flag = 3) during this period (CTD 60-2) due to 
baseline noise. The signal-to-noise is much greater for both CFC-11 and CFC-12, 
so these gases appear to be unaffected by the problem.

A few samples showed obvious signs of contamination and have been flagged as 
bad (WOCE flag = 4). There may be other suspect data which have yet to be 
identified and flagged.








                                  APPENDIX 4

                           INTER-CRUISE COMPARISONS



A4.1.  INTRODUCTION

Inter-cruise comparisons for data collected along the SR3 transect during the 
1990s are described in Rosenberg et al. (1997). Comparisons are extended here 
to include this latest occupation of SR3. Brief comparisons of salinity, 
dissolved oxygen and nutrient data are made between au0103 data and data from 
cruises au9601 (August-September 1996) and au9404 (January-February 1995). 

Overlapping stations from the three cruises (Table A4.1) were selected with the 
requirement of a spacial separation less than 3 nautical miles. In most cases, 
spacial separation is in fact less than 1 nautical mile. Meridional sections of 
neutral density (McDougall, 1987) are shown in Figures A4.1a to c, including 
CTD station positions.


Table A4.1: Stations from each cruise used for parameter comparisons (latitudes 
            are for au0103).

            Latitude                             Latitude   
            (degrees)  au010  au9601  au9404     (degrees)  au0103  au9601  au9404

            -44.0027     2      69     106       -52.3717     45      37      -
            -44.0537     3      68      -        -52.6672     46      36      83
            -44.1165     4      67     105       -53.1312     48      35      82
            -44.3692     5      66      -        -54.0687     54      33      80
            -44.7225     6      65     103       -54.5320     56      32      79
            -45.2192     7      64     102       -55.0162     57      31      78
            -45.7337     9      63     101       -55.4802     59      30      77
            -46.1687    10      62     100       -55.9217     60      29      -
            -46.6432    11      61      99       -56.4260     61      28      -
            -47.1480    13      60      -        -56.9322     63      27      75
            -47.4440    19      59      97       -57.8525     66      25      -
            -47.9993    20      58      -        -58.8493     67      23      -
            -48.3187    21      57      95       -59.3490     69      22      -
            -49.2715    26      55      93       -59.8367     71      21      71
            -49.6083    28      54      -        -60.3502     72      20      -
            -49.8930    29      46      -        -60.8362     75      19      -
            -50.1620    30      45      -        -61.3185     78      18      69
            -50.6718    33      43      89       -61.8502     79      17      68
            -51.2592    39      41      -        -62.3497     80      16      67
            -51.5380    40      40      -        -62.8432     82      15      66
            -51.8095    41      39      85       -63.3705     83      -       65
            -52.0853    43      38      -        -64.5207     90      12      -


A4.2.  SALINITY

The meridional variation of the salinity maximum (i.e. for Lower Circumpolar 
Deep Water, as defined by Gordon, 1967) is compared for the three cruises. 
Using the 2 dbar averaged CTD salinity data, differences are formed between the 
deep water salinity maxima for the cases au0103-au9601, au0103-au9404, and 
au9601-au9404 (Figure A4.2). A mean difference value is included with each 
figure. (Note that temperatures at the deep salinity maximum are above zero, 
thus au0103 salinities here are unaffected by the conductivity error at depth 
for subzero waters, discussed in section 5.1.1). For each cruise pairing, 
several outliers are omitted - these outliers are due either to curtailing of 
the vertical salinity profile by the bottom, or change in vertical profile 
character due to the movement of fronts (Figures A4.1a to c). Note that for 
au9601-au9404, a similar comparison was done in Rosenberg et al. (1997), giving 
a mean difference value of -0.004 (PSS78). The slightly different value here of 
-0.0033 (PSS78) is due to the omission of outliers.

The au0103-au9601 comparison (Figure A4.2) shows salinity correspondence 
between the 2 cruises within 0.001 (PSS78). For both these cruises, Guildline 
Autosal salinometers were used for analysis of salinity Niskin bottle samples. 
The au0103-au9404 and au9601-au9404 differences of approximately -0.003 (Figure 
A4.2) are larger. These consistently larger differences are due to the less 
accurate YeoKal salinometer used on au9404, as discussed in Rosenberg et al. 
(1997).

In an earlier comparison between cruises au9601 and me9706 (in Rosenberg et 
al., 1997), with Guildline salinometers used on both these cruises, a mean 
difference of -0.002 (PSS78) was found. The larger magnitude of this difference 
compared to the au0103-au9601 value is attributed to a standardisation offset 
on cruise me9706, possibly due to unstable laboratory temperature.


A4.3.  NISKIN BOTTLE DATA

Dissolved oxygen and nutrient bottle data from cruises au0103, au9601 and 
au9404 are compared on neutral density surfaces. Neutral density values are 
calculated using a routine by David Jackett (CSIRO Division of Marine Research, 
Hobart); oxygen and nutrient bottle data are interpolated onto neutral density 
surfaces using a routine by Serguei Sokolov (CSIRO Division of Marine Research, 
Hobart) (using bilinear interpolation). Station pairings are as per Table A4.1. 
Note that only data below 1000 dbar are used - this excludes from the 
comparisons the most seasonally varying data, as well as data in the highest 
vertical gradients. Meridional variations of parameter differences on 10 
neutral density (i.e. γ) surfaces are shown as follows:

  • Figure A4.3 for dissolved oxygen,
  • Figure A4.4 for phosphate,
  • Figure A4.5 for nitrate+nitrite,
  • Figure A4.6 for silicate.

For each parameter, differences are shown for the cases au0103-au9601, au0103-
au9601, and au9601-au9404.


A4.3.1.  DISSOLVED OXYGEN

For all three cruises, oxygen bottle samples were analysed using the automated 
titration system developed by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Knapp et 
al., 1990). 

From Figures A4.3a to c, au0103 oxygen values are mostly higher than values for 
au9601 and au9404, while au9601 values are mostly higher than au9404. For 
density surfaces 27.8 to 28.3 over the latitude range 47 to 64°S, the following 
mean differences (with standard deviations) are found:

                     au0103-au9601  2.2 µmol/l  ± 2.29 µmol/l
                     au0103-au9404  4.2 µmol/l  ± 1.73 µmol/l
                     au9601-au9404  2.1 µmol/l  ± 2.33 µmol/l

From Appendix 1, oxygen standardisation values for au0103 were reasonably 
stable (±0.14 µmol/l). For au9601, a jump in standardisation values was noted 
after station 40 (Rosenberg et al., 1997), i.e. after latitude ~51.5°S. This 
jump, of the order 2 µmol/l, is not obvious in the comparisons shown in Figures 
A4.3a and c.


A4.3.2.  PHOSPHATE

From the inter-cruise comparisons in Rosenberg et al. (1997), au9601 phosphate 
values were found to be lower than all earlier cruises by ~0.1 µmol/l, and 
confirmation of the assumed improvement of phosphate data for au9601 was 
required from a future cruise. From Figures A4.4a to c, au0103 and au9601 
phosphates are both consistently lower than au9404. For density surfaces 27.8 
to 28.3 over the latitude range 47 to 64°S, the following mean differences 
(with standard deviations) are found:

                   au0103-au9601   0.00 µmol/l  ± 0.046 µmol/l
                   au0103-au9404  -0.11 µmol/l  ± 0.028 µmol/l
                   au9601-au9404  -0.11 µmol/l  ± 0.046 µmol/l

Although there is some scatter about the mean zero au0103-au9601 phosphate 
difference (Figure A4.4a), the standard deviation value is only ~1.5% of full 
scale (where full scale = 3.0 µmol/l), and phosphate values appear mostly 
consistent for au0103 and au9601 south of 48°S. This confirms the improvement 
in phosphate analytical methods for au9601 and au0103, compared with earlier 
cruises, with the error in earlier cruises due to the phosphate analysis 
'carryover effect' discussed in Rosenberg et al. (1997). North of ~48°S, au0103 
phosphate is higher than au9601 by ~0.06 µmol/l (Figure A4.4a).


A4.3.3.  NITRATE+NITRITE

Inter-cruise comparisons for nitrate+nitrite (Figures A4.5a to c) are not as 
simple to summarise as phosphate. The clearest trends are north of 49°S and 
south of 61°S, where nitrate+nitrite concentrations are (from highest to 
lowest): au0103, au9404, au9601. Between 49 and 61°S, differences are in 
general scattered about zero, except for au0103-au9601 which is mostly positive 
between 54 and 61°S (Figure A4.5a). For all density surfaces over all 
latitudes, the following mean differences (±standard deviations) are found:

    latitude range 45 - 49°S  	au0103-au9601   1.07 µmol/l  ± 0.40 µmol/l
                              	au0103-au9404   0.34 µmol/l  ± 0.34 µmol/l
                             	au9601-au9404  -0.59 µmol/l  ± 0.46 µmol/l
    latitude range 49 - 54°S 	au0103-au9601   0.23 µmol/l  ± 0.69 µmol/l
                              	au0103-au9404  -0.09 µmol/l  ± 0.74 µmol/l
                              	au9601-au9404  -0.02 µmol/l  ± 0.66 µmol/l
    latitude range 54 - 61°S  	au0103-au9601   0.28 µmol/l  ± 0.29 µmol/l
                              	au0103-au9404   0.12 µmol/l  ± 0.38 µmol/l
                              	au9601-au9404   0.06 µmol/l  ± 0.60 µmol/l
    latitude range 61 - 65°S  	au0103-au9601   1.15 µmol/l  ± 0.26 µmol/l
                              	au0103-au9404   0.39 µmol/l  ± 0.26 µmol/l
                              	au9601-au9404  -0.74 µmol/l  ± 0.17 µmol/l

The largest scatter for all three cruises is between 49 and 54°S, where 
standard deviations in the above table are ~2% of full scale (where full scale 
= 35 µmol/l).


A4.3.4.  SILICATE

Silicate concentrations for au0103 are mostly higher than for au9601 and au9404 
(Figures A4.6a and b), while values for au9601 and au9404 appear mostly 
consistent, with no significant offset (Figure A4.6c). For all density surfaces 
over all latitudes, the following mean differences (± standard deviations) are 
found:
                    au0103-au9601  4.0 µmol/l  ± 3.5 µmol/l
                    au0103-au9404  5.8 µmol/l  ± 3.2 µmol/l
                    au9601-au9404  0.9 µmol/l  ± 4.0 µmol/l

For silicate, the standard deviation values are all higher than 2% of full 
scale (where full scale = 150 µmol/l). So overall the inter-cruise scatter of 
silicate values is higher than for the other nutrients, confirmed by close 
inspection of individual stations (Bronte Tilbrook, CSIRO Division of Marine 
Research, personal communication).






REFERENCES

Aoki, S., Rintoul, S.R. and Ushio, S., 2005a. Freshening of the Adelie Land 
    Bottom Water along 140E. Geophysical Research Letters (submitted).
Aoki, S., Rintoul, S.R., Hasumoto, H. and Kinoshita, H., 2005b. Frontal 
    positions and mixed layer evolution in the seasonal ice zone along 140E in 
    2001-2. Deep-Sea Research (submitted).
Bullister, J.L. and Weiss, R.F., 1988. Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in 
    seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 35 (5), pp839-853.
Cardinal, D., Alleman, L.Y., Dehairs, F., Savoye, N., Trull, T.W. and André, L., 
    2005a. Relevance of silicon isotopes to fingerprint Si-nutrient utilization 
    and water masses in the Southern Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, 
    GB2007, doi:10.1029/2004GB002364.
Cardinal, D., SAvoye, N., Trull, T.W., André, L., Kopczynska, E.E. and Dehairs, 
    F., 2005b. Variations of carbon remineralisation in the Southern Ocean 
    illustrated by the Baxs proxy. Deep-Sea Research I Vol. 52, pp355-370.
Cowley, R., 2001. A practical manual for the determination of salinity, 
    dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine 
    Research report, 2001. 
Cowley, R. and Johnston, N., 1999. Investigations into the chemistry used for 
    orthophosphate analysis in seawater. CSIRO Division of Marine Research 
    report, July 1999. 
Curran, C and S. Bray, 2003. A Practical manual for the determination of 
    Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen and Nutrients in Seawater. Antarctic CRC 
Research 
    Report, 2003.
Gordon, A.L., 1967. Structure of Antarctic waters between 20oW and 170oW. 
    Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 6, Bushnell, V. (ed.). American 
    Geophysical Society, New York.
Jacquet, S.H.M., Dehairs, F. and Rintoul, S., 2004. A high resolution transect 
    of dissolved barium. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31 (14): Art. No. 
    L14301.
Jacquet, S., de Brauwere, A., Dehairs, F., Elskens, M., Jeandel, C., Metzl, N., 
    Rintoul, S. and Trull, T., 2005. Comparison of dissolved Barium with 
    Nutrients and Physico-chemical conditions along 30oE and 145oE across the 
    Southern Ocean, EGU 2005, Vienna, abstract.
Joyce, T. and Corry, C. (editors), 1994. Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic 
    Programme Data Reporting. WHP Office Report WHPO 90-1, Revision 2, WOCE 
    Report No. 67/91, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 144 pp. (unpublished 
    manuscript).
Knapp, G.P., Stalcup, M.C., and Stanley, R.J., 1990. Automated Oxygen Titration 
    and Salinity Determination. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical 
    Report WHOI-90-35.
McDougall, T.J., 1987. Neutral surfaces. Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 
    17, pp1950-1964.
Rintoul, S.R. and Bullister, J.L., 1999. A late winter hydrographic section from 
    Tasmania to Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research I Vol. 46, pp1417-1454.
Rosenberg, M., Eriksen, R., Bell, S., Bindoff, N. and Rintoul, S., 1995. Aurora 
    Australis marine science cruise AU9407 - oceanographic field measurements 
    and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Research Report No. 6, 
    July 1995. 97 pp.
Rosenberg, M., Bray, S., Bindoff, N., Rintoul, S., Johnston, N., Bell, S. and 
    Towler, P., 1997. Aurora Australis marine science cruises AU9501, AU9604 and 
    AU9601 - oceanographic field measurements and analysis, inter-cruise 
    comparisons and data quality notes. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, 
    Research Report No. 12, September 1997. 150 pp.
Rosenberg, M., unpublished. Aurora Australis ADCP data status. Antarctic 
    Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report, November 1999. 51 pp.
Rosenberg, M., Bindoff, N., Bray, S., Curran, C., Helmond, I., Miller, K., 
    McLaughlan, D. and Richman, J., 2001. Mertz Polynya Experiment, marine 
    science cruises AU9807, AU9801, AU9905, AU9901 and TA0051 - oceanographic 
    field measurements and analysis. Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, 
    Research Report No. 25, June 2001. 89 pp.






                                ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to all scientific personnel who participated in the cruise, and to the 
crew of the RSV Aurora Australis. The work was supported by the Australian 
Government's Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) Programme through the Antarctic 
Climate & Ecosystems CRC, the Australian Antarctic Division (ASAC Project 
Number 1335), and by the Australian Greenhouse Office of the Department of 
Environment and Heritage through the CSIRO Climate Change Science Program.












CORE PARTICIPANTS

Australian Antarctic Division
University of Tasmania
CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research
Australian Bureau of Meteorology


SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Australian Greenhouse Office
Australian National University
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Silicon Graphics International
Tasmanian Department of Economic Development



ADDRESS
  ACE CRC
  Private Bag 80
  Hobart, Tasmania Australia 7001
  P  +61 3 6226 7888
  F  +61 3 6226 2440
  E  enquiries@acecrc.org.au
  www.acecrc.org.au





                                             Established and supported under the 
                                             Australian Government's Cooperative 
                                             Research Centres Programme







CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

DATE        CONTACT     DATA TYPE    EVENT
----------  ----------  -----------  -----------------------------------------
03/01/2007  Rosenberg   CTD/BTL/SUM  Submitted
            Have just "uploaded" 5 Southern Ocean Aurora Australis cruises to 
            your website.
              09AR0103_woce.zip (SR3 i.e. P12)
              09AR0106_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 1, no WOCE ID)
              09AR0207_woce.zip (Amery Ice Shelf part 2, no WOCE ID)
              09AR0304_woce.zip (includes a transect close to I08S)
              09AR0403_woce.zip (I09S, plus repeat of transect close to I08S)
            • For the last of these, 09AR0403, CFC data were measured but are 
              not yet available (should have included that in the notes I 
              entered to your website).
            • Carbon data (DIC, alkalinities etc.) are available for some of 
              these cruises - will get them to you at a later date.
              File:      09AR0103_woce.zip 
              Type:      zipped ctd/bottle data 
              Status:    Public
              Name:      Rosenber, Mark 
              Institute: ACE CRC 
              Country:   Australia
              Expo:      09AR0103 Line: SR3
              Date:      10/2001
              Action:    Place Data Online
              Notes:
              • WOCE format files
              • pdf data report includes data quality information

06/01/2007  BARTOLOCCI  CTD/BTL/SUM  Data Reformatted/Online
            Reformatting notes for sr03_p12 sent by Mark Rosenburg:
            
            SUM:
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0103/1 to 09AR20011029.
            • removed zero from missing lat/lon columns to leave blank.
                    (zero value was not at equator, but missing value)
            • Added name/date stamp.
            • Ran sumcheck.  Only warnings were missing lat/lon for
                    specific stations.
            
            SEA:
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0103/1 to 09AR20011029.
            • Added name/date stamp.
            • Ran wocecvt, with no errors.  Warnings for duplicate
                    depth/press only.
            
            CTD:
            • Added name/date stamp.
            • Changed expocode from 09AR0103/1 to 09AR20011029.
            • ran wctcvt.  Changed the following files' dates to
                    match the sumfile (dates of cast began on
                    one day however majority of cast was conducted
                    on the next day.  CTD files reflect BO and EN
                    sumfile dates).  wctcvt ran with no errors after
                    these edits.
                    stn/cst:
            • 16/1 changed day from 4 to 5
            • 31/1 changed day from 8 to 9
            • 37/1 changed day from 9 to 10
            • 42/1 changed day from 10 to 11
            • 69/1 changed day from 18 to 19
            • 97/1 changed day from 27  to 28

            To Make Exchange:
            The following edits were made to the sumfile in order to
            convert files into exchange format:
            • removed all cast code entries with no navigation information.
              BO cast codes for station/casts:  34/1, 35/1, 36/1, 37/1, 38/1
              49/1, 50/1, 60/1, 135/1
            • removed all dashes representing missing values.
            • filled in any empty SECT ID spaces with UNK.
            
            Exchange bottle and CTD files were then created successfully.