TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8 OR 16 AND USE YOUR BACK BUTTON TO RE-LOAD CRUISE REPORT: AR07W (updated MAR 2010) A. CRUISE NARRATIVE 1. Highlights WOCE Designation AR07W (Labrador Sea) Expedition Designation 18HU20060524 Chief Scientist Ross Hendry/BIO Ship CCGS Hudson Ports of Call May 24, 2006 St. John's, NL, Canada June 8, 2006 BIO, Dartmouth, NS, Canada Cruise Dates May 24 to June 8, 2006 60° 50.09' N Geographic Boundaries 63° 26.79' W 48° 13.66' W 42° 1.7' N Moorings 2: 1 recovery, 1 deployment Floats and Drifters 5 APEX floats deployed Chief Scientist Contact Information ----------------------------------- Ross Hendry Bedford Institute of Oceanography • Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ocean Sciences Division • PO Box 1006 • Dartmouth, NS, • Canada • B2Y 2A4 Internet hendryr@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca 2. CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION a. Cruise Track A cruise track is shown in Figure A.2.1 (see PDF doc). The ship's position at 0000 UTC on each day of the cruise is indicated with a date label. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) -format cruise station summary file (SUM) outlines the science operations conducted during the cruise. Figure A.2.1: Cruise track for 18HU2006019/1. The date labels indicate the ship's position at 0000 UTC. b. Total Number of Stations Occupied The CTD/ROS station positions are shown in Figure A.2.2. The WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) -style stations are all contained in the box defined by 42-61(N and 48-64(W. (?????) Table A.2.1 lists the science operations for 18HU2006019. Along AR7W, the stations were full-depth WHP small volume rosette casts with up to 24 rosette bottles. Water samples were analyzed for CFCs, total carbonate, alkalinity, oxygen, salinity, nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate), total organic carbon (TOC), and bacterial abundance. Chlorophyll was analyzed at depths less than 200 m at most stations. Samples were collected for 129I (iodine-129) on selected casts. Table A.2.1: Science operations conducted on 18HU2006019/1. # of Cast Type Opera- Detailed Division Operation Numbers tions ------------- ----- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------ Rosette & CTD 32 28 regular AR7W Sites (L3 line) plus see Table A.2.2 Sites 8.5, 25.3, 25.5 and 25.7 12 7 regular Halifax Line plus sites 256, 264, 269, 275, 281, 287, 5.5, 6.5, 8 - 10 292, 300, 310, 320, 326, 327 11 Biology Casts not included 56, 91, 135, 190, 211, 221 in other tables (failed operation), 222, 228, 250, 253, 255 3 Misc. CD01, CD02 and LS 5, 198, 200 9 L4N Line (3, 4, 5, 5.9, 6.2, 7.1, 225, 229, 233, 236, 237, 240, 8.5,10 and 11) 243, 246, 249 Moorings 2 1 recovery, 1 deployment 52, 53 1 Release test 4 Floats 5 APEX floats deployed 68, 114, 192, 213, 226 Biology 108 71 (75 cm 200 micron net tows) 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 17, 19, 24, 26, 31, 35, 39, 44, 49, 51, 54, 59, 64, 66, 73, 79, 88, 90, 99, 101, 110, 112, 123, 132, 134, 141, 143, 151, 164, 166, 178, 180, 187, 189, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 209, 215, 217, 219, 223, 227, 230, 232, 234, 238, 241, 244, 247, 251, 254, 263, 268, 274, 280, 286, 291, 299, 309, 319 37 (30 cm 64 micron net tows) 2, 7, 12, 18, 25, 32, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 74, 80, 89, 100, 111, 124, 133, 142, 152, 165, 179, 188, 202, 210, 216, 220, 224, 231, 235, 239, 242, 245, 248, 252, Chemistry 129I surface 13, 20, 41, 56, 102, 136, 167, 194, 196, 198, 204 129I profile 67, 92, 125, 153, 212, 256, 269 Other 358.25 Hrs Ship Board ADCP No number assigned 144 XBT Deployments 10, 14 - 16, 21 - 23, 28 - 30, 34, 38, 42, 43, 57, 58, 62, 63, 69 - 72, 76 - 78, 82 - 87, 93 - 98, 103 - 109, 115 - 122, 126 - 131, 137 - 140, 145 - 150, 154 - 163, 168 - 177, 182 - 186, 257 - 262, 265 - 267, 270 - 273, 276 - 279, 282 - 285, 288 - 290, 293 - 298, 301 - 308, 311 - 318, 321 - 325 Table A.2.2. AR7W (L3) sites and rosette and CTD operation numbers for 18HU2006019/1. AR7W 2006019 Deep Cast Site Number Operation Number ----------- ----------------- 1 9 2 13 3 20 4 27 5 33 6 37 7 41 8 46 8.5 48 9 47 10 61 11 67 12 75 13 81 14 92 15 102 16 113 17 125 18 136 19 144 20 153 21 167 22 218 23 181 24 212 25 191 25.3 205 25.5 214 25.7 208 26 204 27 194 28 196 Figure A.2.2 This map shows the station positions for CTD only operations (red- filled stars) and rosette/CTD operations (black-filled stars) for Hudson 18HU2006019/1. Two full depth Labrador Sea hydrographic sections and the Halifax Section were occupied during the 18HU2006019 mission. These survey lines combined with Orphan Basin and Laurentian Fan lines occupied within the same four week period on Hudson 2006011 provide a comprehensive assessment of the oceanographic conditions in the Canadian sector of the Atlantic Ocean. c. Floats and Drifters deployed As a Canadian Argo contribution to the international Argo project, five Webb Research Corporation Apex profiling floats equipped with Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. model 41 CTD sensors were deployed, four on the AR7W line and one at the most offshore station on the L4 line Two of the floats deployed on the AR7W line were equipped with Aanderaa Instruments Corporation Oxygen Optode 3830 dissolved oxygen sensors. One of the newer non-Optode floats was configured to do a deep profile immediately after deployment (deep profile first feature). A sixth float that was scheduled for deployment failed a pre-deployment test and was not available for use. Our float inventory is fully committed so no backup was available. Table A.2.3 gives details of the float deployments. Copies of the deployment log sheets are found in Appendix 6. Table A.2.3: APEX float deployments on Hudson 2006019. Apex Float WMO Op. Launch Position Start Launch Type SN Nbr Nbr Lat(N) Long(W) Time Time ---------- ---- ------- --- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- APEX-SBE 2068 4900682 68 55.59 -53.65 27/05/2006 27/05/2006 21:09:00 22:05:00 APEX-SBE 2069 4900683 226 52.70 -48.70 02/06/2006 02/06/2006 11:21:00 12:34:00 APEX-SBE 2679 4900876 114 57.37 -51.78 28/05/2006 29/05/2006 22:01:00 00:21:00 APEX-SBE- 2688 4900879 213 60.18 -48.69 31/05/2006 31/05/2006 Aanderaa 10:31:52 11:35:00 APEX-SBE- 2689 4900880 192 60.30 -48.58 30/05/2006 30/05/2006 Aanderaa 13:51:00 15:32:00 d. Moorings deployed or recovered The current meter mooring on the 1000 m depth contour off Hamilton Bank near AR7W station L3-8 was once again serviced on May 27, 2006. Mooring 1555 was recovered successfully under good sea conditions. The RCM8 appeared to have worked properly and all mooring tackle was in good condition. The replacement mooring 1601 was deployed without incident. A post-deployment positioning survey was carried out to provide a precise location for mooring 1601. Deployment: M 1601 55 07.19 N Standard mooring consisting of one current meter positioned 54 05.33 W 20m above bottom near AR7W site L3_08 on the Labrador Slope (12-month deployment) at 1024 metres. Recovery: M 1555 55 07.18 N Standard mooring consisting of one current meter positioned 54 05.31 W 20m above bottom near AR7W site L3_08 on the Labrador Slope (12-month deployment) at 1010 metres. Figure A.2.10: Mooring operation (blue-filled triangle - a mooring was recovered and a new one deployed in the same location) and float deployment locations (red-filled crosses) for Hudson 18HU2006019/1. 3. LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS Table A.3.1: List of Principal Investigators (see Section 7 for addresses). Name Affiliation Responsibility ------------------- ------------------------------- --------------------------------- Kumiko Azetsu-Scott BIO Chemistry program Azetsu-ScottK@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca coordination, Alkalinity, CO2, CFCs Carina Gjerdrum CWS Sea bird program Carina.Gjerdrum@ec.gc.ca Glen Harrison BIO Associate Senior Scientist, HarrisonG@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Biological program coordination Erica Head BIO Macrozooplankton distribution, HeadE@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca abundance and metabolism Ross Hendry BIO Senior scientist HendryR@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Overall co-ordination Paul Kepkay BIO Dissolved organic carbon, colloid KepkayP@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca chemistry and plankton respiration Bill Li BIO Pico-plankton distribution and LiB@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca abundance,bacterial abundance and productivity Ryan Murphy MUN Prokaryotic microbial community RMMurphy@mta.ca studies Robert Pickart WHOI Lowered ADCP Pickart@rsp.whoi.edu John Smith BIO Radioisotope sampling program SmithJN@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca IGOR YASHAYAEV BIO CTD program coordination, XBTs YashayaevI@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca 4.1 Physical - Chemical Program a. Narrative This expedition was conducting operations in support of four ongoing scientific initiatives. Since 1990, Maritimes Science Branch at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography has carried out annual occupations of a hydrographic section across the Labrador Sea. The section was designated AR7W (Atlantic Repeat Hydrography Line 7) in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). This effort continues as a regional monitoring and research program that contributes to the Climate Variability (CLIVAR) component of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the international Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). The work also contributes to the international Arctic and Subarctic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF) programme. The occupation of the Labrador Sea section and the recovery of the one Labrador Sea mooring provide a measure of the winter cooling and water mass transformations over the 2005/2006 winter. The resetting of the mooring on the 1000m isobath on the Labrador slope continues a 20+ year observation program of the Labrador Current. Maritimes Region of DFO has designated the AR7W surveys as a core element of our regional ocean monitoring program. As such, they will continue to contribute both to a better scientific understanding of this region and its links to processes in eastern Canadian waters, and to the monitoring mandate of the international Global Climate Observing System. The second initiative is the continuation of the Labrador Sea project concerned with the natural and anthropogenic carbon cycles. The biological program is designed to characterize the late spring biological processes in the Labrador Sea and its shelf regions and is discussed in a later section of this document. The physical/chemical oceanographic program observes nutrients, total carbonate, alkalinity, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) over the entire water column in order to document the vertical transport of carbon via winter convection in the Labrador Sea and changes in carbon storage in the deep waters of the North Atlantic. DFO chemical and biological research programs associated with the AR7W surveys have contributed to a better understanding of the carbon cycle within the international Joint Global Ocean Flux (JGOFS) research program and the Canadian program on Enhancement of Greenhouse Gas Sinks (EGGS). The third initiative is to observe the physical and chemical parameters at the Halifax Section fixed-station monitoring site in support of DFO's Atlantic Zonal Monitoring Program (AZMP). Additional stations in the offshore zone to depths of 4000 m were made as a pilot version of a possible enhancement of this monitoring effort. The fourth initiative was to deploy profiling floats as part of Canadian Argo, a contributor to the international Argo Project. Five Apex profiling floats were deployed in the Labrador Sea. b. Radioisotope Sampling Program (John Smith) Water samples were collected for 129I from a near surface rosette bottle at 11 stations on the L3 (AR7W) line. Full depth sampling for 129I was carried out at five stations on the same section and two on the Halifax line. See table A.2.1 for the list of operations during which 129I was sampled. 4.2 Biological Program a. NARRATIVE The biological program conducted as part of cruise 2006019, with some modifications, was a continuation of studies began in 1994 to describe the large-scale (spatial and temporal) variability in plankton biomass, productivity and biogenic carbon inventories in the Labrador Sea. The program has consisted of essentially four elements: 1) a phytoplankton biomass/primary productivity program conducted by Jeff Anning (for Glen Harrison), 2) a microbial program conducted by Tim Perry (for Bill Li), 3) a mesozooplankton program conducted by Les Harris (for Erica Head), and 4) a dissolved organic carbon program conducted by Jay Bugden (for Paul Kepkay) An additional program, investigating the relationship between (prokaryotic) microbial community structure and its ecological and biogeochemical function in the Labrador Sea, was conducted by Ryan Murphy, a graduate student at Memorial University of Newfoundland working under the supervision of Professor Richard Rivkin. The ultimate aim of these studies is twofold: 1) to provide a description of the inventories in and export of biogenic carbon from the Labrador Sea, their turnover rates and variability in space and time as part of Ecosystem Research Division's (ERD) continuing climate studies and 2) to provide a description of plankton life-cycles and productivity in the Labrador Sea and its influence or contribution to ecosystems downstream in support of ERD's ecosystem-related research. In addition to the Labrador Sea study, phytoplankton, mesozooplankton and nutrient samples were collected along the Halifax Section in support of ERD/OSD's obligations to the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP). A pelagic bird survey was carried out by Carina Gjerdrum, a wildlife biologist with Environment Canada's Canadian Wildlife Service (Dartmouth, NS) working on seabird issues. The goal of this survey was to gather data on the offshore distribution and abundance of marine birds in order to identify and minimize the impacts of human activities at sea on birds. These data will provide critical, and currently unavailable, information for environmental assessments for offshore developments, and will help identify areas where birds are at high risk from oil pollution, and other human activities. b. ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLING (L. Harris / E. Head) The zooplankton sampling is part of an ongoing program, the aim of which is to investigate the distribution, abundance and life history of the major zooplankton groups found in the Labrador Sea and its associated shelf systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the copepod species of the Calanus genus, which dominate the zooplankton in this region. Vertical net tows were taken at 53 stations (9 on the Halifax Line, 31 on the L3 line, 8 on the L4 line, 2 on the CD line and 3 transit locations). At all stations, tows were made from 100 meters to the surface using a 200 _meter__ring net, except on the Halifax Line where tows were from 1000 meters or the bottom, whichever came first. An additional tow was made using a using a 76 _meter ring net at 27 stations on the L3 line, 7 stations on the L4 line and 3 at transit locations. See Figure A.4.2.1 below for station locations where nets were used. c. MEASUREMENTS OF COPEPOD REPRODUCTION RATES (L. Harris / E. Head) Egg production rates of Calanus finmarchicus, the dominant copepod species, were measured at 11 stations on the L3 Line, 2 stations on the L4 Line and Transit_01. Figure A.4.2.1: Net tow (blue open circles) locations for 18HU2006019/1. d. TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) (Jay Bugden / Paul Kepkay) In order to better understand the cycling of carbon in the Labrador Sea, it is necessary to examine the pool of total organic carbon (TOC). Obtaining a profile of TOC concentration in the water column can help determine the fate of organic carbon. Elevated concentrations of TOC at depth are indicative of transport of carbon to the deep ocean, which basically removes it from the effects of biological re-mineralization. This can result in the long term storage of organic carbon in the deep ocean. Such information can be applied to models that track the fate of carbon in the environment and its potential effects on climate change. During CCGS Hudson cruise 2006019 TOC depth profiles were also collected from all stations of the AR7W line as indicated in the table below. Table A.4.2.2: TOC sampling on CCGS Hudson cruise 2006019. Station TOC Profile ------------ ----------- AR7W site 1 X AR7W site 2 X AR7W site 3 X AR7W site 4 X AR7W site 5 X AR7W site 6 X AR7W site 7 X AR7W site 8 X AR7W site 9 X AR7W site 10 X AR7W site 11 X AR7W site 12 X AR7W site 13 X AR7W site 14 X AR7W site 15 X AR7W site 16 X AR7W site 17 X AR7W site 18 X AR7W site 19 X AR7W site 20 X AR7W site 21 X AR7W site 22 X AR7W site 23 X AR7W site 24 X AR7W site 25 X AR7W site 26 X AR7W site 27 X AR7W site 28 X e. PRIMARY PRODUCTION MEASUREMENTS (Jeff Anning / Glen Harrison) Water samples for photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) experiments were collected from the rosette at 10 stations. For each incubation experiment, 33 aliquots were inoculated with 14C of sodium bicarbonate and then incubated at in situ temperatures at 30 light levels (+ 3 dark bottles) for approximately 3 hours. At the end of the incubation period the cells were harvested onto GF/F glass fibre filters for later counting in a scintillation counter. On three occasions (transit stations), parallel P-I experiments from a single depth were done using the stable isotope 13C instead of the radioisotope, for comparison. Duplicate chlorophyll, duplicate particulate organic carbon, one HPLC, and one Absorption Spectra sample were collected for each incubation experiment. At stations L3_01, L3-09, L3-14, L3-18 and L3-24, additional samples for taken for particulates at 2-9 selected depths (surface to bottom) for analysis of stable isotope abundances of 13C and 15N back at BIO to evaluate the capabilities of ERD's new isotope mass spectrometer. Table A.4.2.3: Photosynthesis/Irradiance incubations were conducted at the above stations. Station Event Lat. Long. Date Time Depth ID -------- ----- ------ ------- ------------- ---------- ----- ------ CTD Test 5 50.857 -52.787 "May 25 2006" "17:48:57" 4 298742 L3-01 9 53.683 -55.557 "May 26 2006" "11:27:33" 31 298750 L3-01 9 53.683 -55.557 "May 26 2006" "11:31:23" 2 298754 L3-04 27 54.224 -55.038 "May 26 2006" "17:40:25" 31 298790 L3-04 27 54.224 -55.038 "May 26 2006" "17:42:16" 5 298795 L3-09 56 55.263 -53.979 "May 27 2006" "14:32:15" 20 298881 L3-09 56 55.263 -53.979 "May 27 2006" "14:33:45" 4 298884 L3-14 91 56.537 -52.679 "May 28 2006" "10:19:08" 30 298989 L3-14 91 56.537 -52.679 "May 28 2006" "10:21:10" 3 298993 L3-18 135 58.221 -50.869 "May 29 2006" "08:53:32" 31 299100 L3-18 135 58.221 -50.869 "May 29 2006" "08:55:54" 3 299104 L3-25 190 60.291 -48.550 "May 30 2006" "13:05:31" 29 299235 L3-25 190 60.291 -48.550 "May 30 2006" "13:07:35" 3 299239 L3-24 211 60.179 -48.677 "May 31 2006" "09:00:43" 30 299326 L3-24 211 60.179 -48.677 "May 31 2006" "09:02:38" 3 299330 Bio 1_JUN 222 56.021 -48.877 "Jun 01 2006" "14:27:39" 30 299388 Bio 1_JUN 222 56.021 -48.877 "Jun 01 2006" "14:29:18" 2 299392 L4-10 228 53.456 -49.504 "Jun 02 2006" "15:40:36" 29 299427 L4-10 228 53.456 -49.504 "Jun 02 2006" "15:43:03" 3 299431 L4-05 243 52.732 -52.000 "Jun 03 2006" "12:53:01" 20 299534 L4-05 243 52.732 -52.000 "Jun 03 2006" "12:54:28" 3 299537 Bio 4_JUN 250 51.029 -57.604 "Jun 04 2006" "11:12:03" 23 299573 Bio 4_JUN 250 51.029 -57.604 "Jun 04 2006" "11:14:44" 2 299577 HL-10 255 42.029 -61.078 "Jun 06 2006" "14:13:48" 30 299599 HL-10 255 42.029 -61.078 "Jun 06 2006" "14:15:21" 2 299603 f. BACTERIAL ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON (Tim Perry) At every depth a sample was collected for bacterial counting by flow cytometry. Duplicate chlorophyll samples were collected in the surface waters (100m to surface) and a single sample for both HPLC and Absorption spectrum analysis were collected from the surface. Water samples were collected from all depths at 7 stations and incubated for between 1-3 hours after inoculation with 3H labelled leucine. The cells were collected by centrifugation and prepared for scintillation counting back on shore. Table A.4.2.4: Microbial production incubations were conducted at the above stations. Station Event Lat. Long. Date Time ------- ----- ------ ------- ------------- ---------- L3-01 9 53.683 -55.557 "May 26 2006" "11:27:33" L3-08 46 55.110 -54.133 "May 27 2006" "02:32:58" L3-14 91 56.537 -52.679 "May 28 2006" "10:19:08" L3-24 211 60.179 -48.677 "May 31 2006" "09:00:43" L3-27 194 60.448 -48.361 "May 30 2006" "17:16:53" L4-10 228 53.456 -49.504 "Jun 02 2006" "15:40:36" L4-05 243 52.732 -52.000 "Jun 03 2006" "12:53:01" g. PROKARYOTIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STUDIES (Ryan Murphy) This project consisted of two sampling schemes to investigate the ecosystem processes of phylogenetically-defined prokaryotic populations. These samples make up the first half of my master's project in which I will optimize the qPCR technique to detect and quantify members of the Euryarchaea, SAR11 and SAR 86 clusters, _-proteobacteria, and the CFB group. The first sampling scheme used samples collected from 1-2m, 10m, 20m, and 30m on the AR7W line to measure stratification of prokaryotic community structure with qPCR. The second sampling scheme used water samples collected from the surface (1-2m) layer of 7 stations-mostly on the AR7W line-and incubated for 96 hours as part of nutrient enrichment, temperature-shift, and grazing experiments. Samples for bacterial abundance (Acridine Orange: t=0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and FCM: t=0, 24, 96), and community structure (qPCR: t=0, 96 and CARD-FISH: t=96) measures were collected from these experiments for analysis at the OSC in Logy Bay. 5. Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved No major problems were encountered and all scientific goals were achieved. The ship's speed was reduced during several periods of low visibility due to fog, but operation on three engines during extended transits in favourable conditions made up for any time lost. The absence of coastal sea ice allowed a full occupation of the AR7W line, the 17th annual realization of this section by DFO Maritimes Science. Two inshore stations on the neighbouring Cape Desolation line on the West Greenland shelf and slope were also occupied. Favourable weather and lack of any major equipment problems allowed most of the planned contingency work to be completed. The L4 line off the northern Newfoundland slope was surveyed with nine CTD stations. The full Halifax Line was occupied and enhanced with five additional stations, including three in deeper waters offshore. 6. Other Incidents of Note The Technicon AutoAnalyser used for nutrient analyses failed just before the start of the Halifax Line due to a short circuit in one of the colorimeters. Samples from the Halifax Line were frozen for analysis on shore. 7. List of Cruise Participants Name Responsibility Affiliation ---------------------- ------------------------------------- ----------- Jeffrey Anning Biological ERD, BIO Carol Anstey Nutrients, Oxygens ERD, BIO Andres Antico Winch Room, XBT McGill Kumiko Azetsu-Scott Scientist, Carbonate, Alkalinity OSD, BIO Richard Boyce Salts, Mooring OSD, BIO John (Jay) Bugden TOC Levels ERD, BIO Michael Dunphy Winch Room DAL Carina Gjerdrum Sea bird observer EC, CWS Leslie Harris Biological, Net Tows ERD, BIO William Glen Harrison Associate Chief Scientist, Biological ERD, BIO Adam Hartling Winch Room OSD, BIO Ross Hendry Chief Scientist OSD, BIO Jeffrey Jackson Data management, Computer Room OSD, BIO David Kellow Oxygens OSD, BIO Ryan Murphy Biological MUN Richard Nelson CFCs ERD, BIO Timothy Perry Biological ERD, BIO A. E. Friederike Prowe Carbonate, Alkalinity DAL Brian Robinson CFCs BDR Robert Ryan CTD Tech., Winch Room OSD, BIO Igor Yashayaev Scientist, Computer Room OSD, BIO BIO Bedford Institute of Oceanography PO Box 1006 Dartmouth, NS, Canada, B2Y 2A4 BDR BDR Research Ltd. Box 652, Station 'M' Halifax, NS, Canada, B3J 2T3 EC, CWS Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service 45 Alderney Drive Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2Y 2N6 DAL Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2 McGill McGill University 845 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2T5 MUN Memorial University of Newfoundland P.O. Box 4200, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7 B. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS 1. NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY (Jeff Jackson) The navigation system onboard CCGS Hudson consists of a differential GPS receiver and AGCNAV. The receiver is one of many NMEA feeds into a multiplexer that provides all the NMEA strings to a PC on the bridge. The PC, which is running AGCNAV software, then rebroadcasts the NMEA strings to distribution units in the computer room, which provide 16 output lines for the working labs. The resulting broadcast navigation strings are at about 1 Hz. The navigation data are then logged at specified intervals on a PC. For this cruise the navigation was logged every second. AGCNAV is a PC-based display and waypoint setting software package, developed at the Atlantic Geoscience Centre at BIO. This software graphically displays ship position, waypoints, course, speed, etc. to the various science working areas. The echo sounder system used for collecting bathymetric data at station locations consisted of a 12 KHz Raytheon PTR echo sounder that created an analog trace on a Raytheon Line Scan Recorder located in the forward laboratory. The transducer beam width is 15 degrees. The sweep rate of the recorder was adjusted throughout the course of data collection to aid in identifying the bottom signal. One transducer is positioned on a Ram that can be lowered or raised depending on conditions. When the ram is up, the waterline to transducer offset is 6 m. When the ram is down, the offset is 8 m. 2. VESSEL MOUNTED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER (Murray Scotney) Hudson was equipped with a hull-mounted RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The transducer (serial number 177) had VM ADCP electronics (serial number 172). Logging, using Transect software on a 486 PC, was started on May 24 at 1345 UTC leaving the St. John's Harbour. The configuration used for logging resulted in 5-minute averages in 4 meter bins. The averaged data are stored to disk and backed up every few days. ADCP logging was stopped on June 9 at 1204 UTC in Halifax Harbour. 3. CONTINUOUS FLOW MULTISENSOR PACKAGE (CFMP) (Jeff Anning) Water from approximately 4m was continuously pumped to the forward lab. The temperature, conductivity and fluorescence were measured and logged every 30 sec. The temperature and conductivity were measured with Sea-Bird sensors and the fluorescence by a Wetlabs flow through fluorometer. Incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation was measured with a Li-Cor Spherical Quantum Sensor and this data was merged with the sea water parameters. Exact time and positions were provided by a Northstar GPS and logged with the other data. 4. XBT MEASUREMENTS AND HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPPING OF THE THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE UPPER LAYER (Igor Yashayaev) Expendable Bathythermographs were routinely deployed during the HUD2006019 mission. See Fig. B.4.1 for a map with the XBT drops indicated. We used three different models of XBTs: Sparton T5, Sippican T7 and Sippican T10. T5s are capable of measuring to maximum depths of 1900m at the cruising speed of 6 knots, T7s record temperature to 800m at the cruising speed 15 knots and T10s to 200m. The vertical resolution of the measurements was about 0.6-0.8m. There were 24 T5, 45 T7 and 27 T10 XBTs launched during the cruise (Table A.2.1 lists the operation numbers when these were deployed). Figure B.4.1: XBT sites (indicated by blue hollow circles) during HUD2006019. 5. THALES NAVIGATION ADU5 ATTITUDE DETERMINATION UNIT (Adam Hartling) An initial evaluation of a Thales Navigation ADU5 Attitude Determination Unit, Model # 800952 was carried out on Hudson 2006019. The ADU5 provides accurate real time heading, pitch, roll, velocity and three dimensional position measurements at data rates of up to 5Hz. This positioning information is needed to correct for ship motion that affects vessel-mounted acoustic doppler current measurements. The ADU5 unit incorporates four GPS receivers mounted in a fixed portable antenna array provided by Thales Navigation. The array provides 1m separation between the GPS receivers. The Antenna array was mounted on the wheelhouse deck behind the mast approximately 1.5m above the deck. The array is mounted with antenna 1 to the bow of the ship. Antenna one and two must be parallel to the centerline of the ship. The vertical pipe supporting the array was bolted to the deck with one angled support to ensure a rigid platform. Four separate coaxial cables connect the ADU5 Unit to the GPS antennas. The cables were run from the antenna array across the deck and connected to the ADU5 unit mounted in the computer room. Measurement data is output from two RS-232 ports capable of baud rates up to 115200. Port A and Port B are identical except for Pin 9. Port A pin 9 functions as a 1pps output. Port B pin 9 functions as an event trigger input. The ADU5 unit requires a 10-29V DC regulated power supply. Power to the unit was supplied with a 6200B HP bench top dc power supply set at 15V DC. A PC located in the computer room was connected to the ADU5 unit. Two com ports were used to connect to both Port A and Port B on the ADU5. Communication with the unit was accomplished using the Thales Navigation EVALUATE software package. The attitude determination is calculated based on differential carrier phase measurements between the four receivers. An initial calibration procedure is used to calculate the relative positions of the receivers for each installation. The calibration process is time consuming (An hour minimum if conditions are good) and requires at least six GPS satellites to be continually available during the logging process. After this procedure the calibration data is downloaded to the ADU5 unit. Calibration is performed using CalibADU Software supplied with the ADU5 unit. Static calibration was completed while along side in St. Johns. Dynamic calibration was attempted previously while under way and was found to be error prone and required over a day of data logging to obtain suitable data. This is attributed to the continual motion of the ship in conjunction with the mast and other fixtures on the wheelhouse deck causing temporary loss of lock. Error in the pitch and roll calculation was seen to increase in rough weather. This may be a result of the environment on the wheelhouse including the mast and other reflective objects. Using The EVALUATE software package data was logged at a 1 Hz rate from St. John's to the end of the AR7W Line. Logging was implemented using the standard data strings required by the EVALUATE software. Both Raw Data and NMEA standard outputs were recorded. New files were created every 1000sec requiring approximately 730KB per file, or 447MB in total. Raw Data AT2 : Attitude, Flags, PDOP data NMEA Output POS : Position message SAT : Satellite information message SA4 : Satellite status message Identical attitude and position data was also collected for the L4 Line. Data logging was also attempted at rates up to 5Hz using the EVALUTE software. In general logging was unreliable due to the poor performance of the software package. The desired output would also be changed by the software if any of the real-time virtual instruments or displays were selected. To allow experimentation with data formats and output rates the EVALUATE software was connected through COM1 to PORT A of the ADU5 unit. Hyper-Terminal was connected through COM2 to PORT B. Using the EVALUATE terminal commands were sent to the ADU5 unit to modify the output stream on PORT B. The PORT B output could then be logged and monitored using Hyper-Terminal. Hyper-Terminal does not feature a convenient means of sending commands. The use of EVALUATE on PORT A provided a very user friendly solution. Output rates of 5Hz were successful using the Hyper-Terminal software at baud rates of 9600 and 115200. Hyper-Terminal does not allow new data files to be created at regular user defined intervals. Data was logged using standard NMEA outputs. 15 hours of logging required approximately 67MB of disk space. PAT : Position and attitude message ZDA : Time-Date Message POS : Position Message To this point the performance has only been investigated using ASCII output messages. Binary output is also available and may be used in the future for data output to an ADCP deck unit. No problems are predicted for this application concerning the ADU5 receiver. Reference: Thales Navigation, ADU5 Operation and Reference Manual, 2004 6. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS The officer of the watch manually logged meteorological variables at regular intervals. Negotiations are ongoing with the Meteorological Service of Canada to install an automated weather reporting system on Hudson. 7. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY There was no atmospheric chemistry program. Hudson 2006019 DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Contact Data Type Action ---------- -------------- ------------- --------- 2006-09-18 Jackson, Jeff SUM/CruiseRpt Submitted Action:Place Data Online 2006-10-12 Jackson, Jeff SUM Submitted corrected sum file I found a few errors that were missed in the 2006 SUM file that I sent you, so I have attached an updated one for you. 2006-10-17 Bartolacci SUM Website updated, edited line # & expocode online Reformatting updated sumfile for AR07W_2006a (18HU20060524): I have reformatted the sumfile sent by Jeff Jackson on 2006.10.11:: • Edited expocode from 18HU2006019/1 to 18HU20060524. • Edited line number to reflect stations following WOCE line AR07W. This corresonded to all BIO stations labeled L3 according to the cruise report. • Edited all DATES from DDMMYY to MMDDYY. • Two time casts were not recognized by sumchk: BD is Begin Descent EA is End Ascent. Other than those warnings, sumfile was free of woce-formatting errors. File was renamed ar07w_20060524su.txt and placed in cruise's parent directory.