3/21/02 METEOR 42/1 cruise report A. Cruise Narrative:AR26 A.1. Highlights WHP Cruise Summary Information WOCE section designation AR26 Expedition designation (EXPOCODE) 06MT42_1 Chief Scientist(s)and their affiliation M Dr.Thomas J./IfMK* Dates 1998.06.16 -1998.07.16 Ship Meteor Ports of call Las Palmas -Lisbon Number of stations 45 38 ° 30.36 N Geographic boundaries of the stations 18 ° 1.3 E 9 ° 29.85 E 28 ° 20 ' N Floats and drifters deployed none Moorings deployed or recovered 4 Contributing Authors: T.J.M ller,M.Knoll,B.Lenz,F.Lopez-Laatzen,R.Santana,A.Cianca,M.G.Villagarcia, J.Godoy,M.J.Rueda,W.Breves,K.-D.Loquay,O.Zielinski,K.Pape,U.Sch §ler, C.v.Oppen,C.Collado-S nchez,V.Siruela-Matos,F.J.Mart n-Mu oz, J.J.Hern ndez-Brito,B.Heyden,W.K hn,M.Spietz,S.Neuer,T.Freudenthal, M.Schroeter,J.Bollmann,H.-C.John,H.D.Behr Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel D sternbrooker Weg 20 24105 KIEL,Germany Phone: ++431 597 3799 Fax: ++431 597 3981 e-mail: tmueller@ifm.uni-kiel.de ABSTRACT Leg M42/1 was performed within two major projects of basic marine research. CANIGO (Canary Islands Azores Gibraltar Observations) is a multinational project funded by the European Union to investigate by field experiments and modelling the circulation and watermasses in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic and to determine the distribution and the fluxes of a diversity of parameters in this region. ESTOC is a European time series station that has been set up since 1994 in a joint effort of four institutes from Spain and Germany 60 nm north of Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and that serves as a background station for CANIGO. The aim of leg 42/1 was to exchange and set moorings with current meters and particle traps at selected positions at which currents and vertical particle fluxes are to be measured directly for several months. These moorings are part of a closed box of 45 stations north of the Canary Islands from which balanced fluxes will be calculated by using geostrophic currents that will be adjusted to absolute profiles of ADCP measurements. Compiled by Thomas J. Müller Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 20 24105 KIEL, Germany Phone : ++431 597 3799 Fax : ++431 597 3981 e-mail : tmueller@ifm.uni-kiel.de 1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The area north of the Canary Islands until the latitude of Madeira is characterized in the upper layers by recirculating branches of the North Atlantic's subtropical gyre that feed the Canary Current and that are influenced by upwelling events off the African coast. This leg of Meteor cruise 41 was aimed at studying the circulation and transports of water masses, the associated fluxes of bio-geochemical parameters in the water column in this area and their variability in space and time for the summer season. Three earlier cruises (Wefer and Müller, 1998; Knoll et al., in press) have been performed in winter with FS "Meteor" (M37/2, January 1997), and with FS "Poseidon" in spring (P237/3, April 1998) and in autumn (P233, September 1997). The work was embedded mainly in two major interdisciplinary and multinational projects: the European funded marine science and technology project CANIGO (Canary Islands Azores Gibraltar Observations) and the Spanish German ocean time series station ESTOC which is operational since 1994 ca. 100 Km north of Gran Canaria. Methods included to use moored current meters and particle traps to study the vertical structure of the eastern boundary current and sedimentation rates of a diversity of bio- chemical parameters at two key sites (Fig. 1.1): (i) in an array of four moorings (EBC) east of Fuerteventura / Lanzarote, an area that is strongly influenced by upwelling and the associated current system, (ii) at the open ocean time series station ESTOC which serves also as a background station for CANIGO. A third mooring site is located at the more oligothophic station LP north of La Palma (29°45' N, 018°00' W) that was to be served later during leg M42/4. To estimate the spatial structure and variability of fluxes in the recirculation regime, a hydrographic box of 45 stations was obtained north of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.2) to estimate transports of waters masses and bio-chemical parameters. Classic hydrography along with direct current measurenments from lowered and ship mounted ADCP was used. Sampling included also DOC, Al and other trace metals, coccolithophores and diatoms, and zooplankton and fish larvae. 2 PARTICIPANTS / LIST OF INSTITUTIONS For logistic reasons, the leg had two parts: M42/1a: 16.06.-25.06.1998, Las Palmas - Las Palmas; (1) embarked on 21 June in Arrecife M42/1b: 26.06.-16.07.1998, Las Palmas - Lisbon Personnel: Inst. Responsibilies Leg(s) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Müller, Dr. Thomas J. IfMK chief scientist M42/1a M42/1b de Boer, Christjan, stud. IfMK phys. oceanogr M42/1a M42/1b Carlsen, Dieter, TA IfMK moorings M42/1a Dietze, Heiner, stud. IfMK phys. oceanogr. M42/1a M42/1b Knoll, Michaela, Dr. IfMK phys. oceanogr. M42/1b Koy, Uwe, TA IfMK CTD,ADCP,moorings M42/1b Lenz, Bernd, Dipl.-Oz. IfMK phys. oceanogr. M42/1a M42/1b Link, Rudolf, TA IfMK ADCP, CTD, moorings M42/1a M42/1b Meyer, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. IfMK CTD, moorings M42/1a Lopez-L., Federico, MSc. IEO phys. oceanogr M42/1a Garcia-R., Carlos, MSc. IEO moorings M42/1a Cisneros-A., Jesus, MSc. ULPGC moorings M42/1a Neuer, Susanne, Dr. GeoB particle flux M42/1a Freudenthal, Tim, Dipl.-Geol. GeoB particle flux M42/1a Schroeter, Marcel, Dipl.-Biol, GeoB particle flux M42/1a v. Oppen, Caroline, Dr. UBMCh trace metals M42/1a Deeken, Aloys, TA UBMCh trace metals M42/1a Wilkop, Thomas, Stud. UBMCh trace metals M42/1a Schüssler, Uwe, Dr. UBMCh trace metals M42/1b Pape, Katja, TA UBMCh trace metals M42/1b Spietz, Matthias IBGMH DOC M42/1a Heyden, Birgit IBGMH DOC M42/1b Kühn, Wilfried Dr. GeoB DOC M42/1b Zielinski, Oliver, Dipl.-Phys. UO Bio-Optics M42/1b Breves, Wiebke UO Bio-Optics M42/1b Loquay, Klaus, TA UO Bio-Optics M42/1b Llinas, Octavio, Dr. ICCM nutrient rec. M42/1a Cianca-A., Andres, Msc. ICCM mar. chem. M42/1b Godoy, Juana, Msc. ICCM mar. chem. M42/1b Maroto, Leire ICCM mar. chem. M42/1b Rueda, Maria J. ICCM mar. chem. M42/1a Villagarcia, M., Dr. ICCM mar. chem. M42/1b Collado Sanchez, Cayetano, Dr. ULPGC trace metals M42/1b Munoz, Francisco J.M., MSc. ULPGC trace metals M42/1b Siruela Matos, Victor, MSc. ULPGC trace metals M42/1b Bollmann, Jörg, Dr. ETH coccos M42/1b Martinez, Mara Dr. ETH coccos M42/1b Correira, Antonio, TA IGM diatomes M42/1b John, H.-C., Dr. FIS biol. oceanogr. M42/1b -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 18 26 Institutes ETH Eidgenössiche Technishe Hochschule, Zürich, CH FIS Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Taxonomische Arbeitsgruppe, D GeoB Universität Bremen, FB 5 Geowissenschaften, D IBGMH Institut für Biogeochemie und Meereschemie der Universität Hamburg, D ICCM Instituto Canario de Ciencas Marinas, Telde de Gran Canaria, E IEO Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, E IfMK Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, D IGM Instituto Geologico e Minero, Lisboa, P UBMCh Universität Bremen, FB2 Chemie, Meereschemie, D UL Universidade de Lisboa, P ULPGC Universidad de Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E UO Universität Oldenburg, Fachbereich Physik, D 3 RESEARCH PROGRAMME Along the CANIGO and ESTOC scientific goals, METEOR cruise M42/1 was aimed at providing a data base for studying the circulation and water mass transports in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic north and east of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.1, 1.2). The region encompasses the eastern boundary current system. Determining the variability of the circulation and associated bio-geochemical fluxes on time scales from days to annual and longer, and on spatial scales that include the mesoscale (30 Km) up to basin scale is included. The flow field, the water mass transports and the associated bio-geochemical fluxes in the region are strongly influenced by both, the recirculation of the subtropical gyre that feeds the Canary Current and the seasonally varying trade wind field with its impact on the upwelling system and the eastern boundary current system off Marocco. To approach the problem, basicly two methods are used. First, at selected positions the vertical structure of currents and the vertical transport of particles are measured for a period of ca 18 months from January 1997 on to cover more than one season. The sites chosen (see Fig. 1.1) are the ESTOC position, an array of four moorings in the eastern boundary current sytem (EBC) east of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura that will be influenced strongly by upwelling events, and a more oligithrophic open ocean position north of La Palma (LP). Current meters and particle traps were exchanged, with a service of instruments scheduled for January 1998 from the German reserach vessel 'Poseidon'. During the first part of M42/1, it was planned to: * exchange the ESTOC current meter mooring (IFMK) * to exchange the four moorings of array EBC (IFMK, IEO, ULPGC, GeoB) * to measure the vertical particle flux in the upper 200 m near ESTOC and at the same time to perform incubation experiments (GeoB) * to measure the concentraions and vertical fluxes of certain trace metals at the ESTOC, EBC and LP sites (UBMCh) The mooring at site LP (29°45' N, 018°00' W, GeoB, IFMK) wasl exchanged later during leg M42/4. Second, a closed box north and east of the Canary Islands is designed with 45 hydrographic stations spaced between 7 nm on and close to the shelf, and 40 nm in the deep basin. On each station, bottom deep CTD and lowered ADCP measurements and water sampling for dissolved oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll analysis build the basic hydrographic measurements to determine the flow field and the water mass distribution. En-route, the upper ocean current profiles down to 200 m and the sea surface temperature and salinity are measured using a vessel mounted ADCP and a thermosalinograph in combimation with GPS positioning. These basic measurements on the box have already been perfomed during the other three seasons in January 1997 with 'Meteor' (M37/2), and in September 1997 and April 1998 with 'Poseidon' (P233 and P237/3, respectively). During the second part of M42/1 these and additional samples were taken and measurements were made to * to determine the absolute flow field and with a CTD/rosette/ADCP system and with shipborne ADCP (IFMK) * to provide water mass information from oxygen, nutrient and chlorophyll (ICCM) * to use optical sensors attached to a CTD for biological interpretations (UO) * to take samples for dissolved organic carbon DOC (IBGM) * to take samples for coccolithophores and diatomees (ETH, UL) * to measure aluminum and other metals in the water column (ULPGC) * to detect fish larvae as tracers for intermediate water masses (FIS) Figure 1.1: Staions and mooring positions during leg M42/1a Figure 1.2: Stations during leg M42/1b 4 NARRATIVE For logistic reasons, the leg was divided into two parts. After loading of scientific equipment and embarking of the scientific party, 'Meteor' sailed from Las Palmas on the 26 June 1997 in the afternoon. This first part, leg M42/1a, was aimed at mooring and station work near the centre of the CANIGO array in the eastern boundary current system (EBC), at the ESTOC station and at the more oligotrophic CANIGO position LP north of the island of La Palma at 29°45' N, 018°00' W (see Fig. 1.1 for positions). At these stations, special water sampling was performed for trace metal analysis. Near ESTOC, an experiment was designed to determine the vertical flux of particles in theupper thermocline. Additional CTD stations between the mooring positions completed the hydrographic work. En-route, meteorological data, sea surface temperature and salinity, and the vertcal current profile down to 300 m dept was measured almost continuously. About 3 hours after sailing for legM42/1a, we successfully performed a test station with a CTD/rosette system. Late in the evening, we arrived near ESTOC (29°10'N, 15°30'W, 3610 m water depth). At a position some 10 nm northeast of ESTOC two drifting moorings with one and three particle traps at 200 m (system T1), and 200 m, 300 m and 500 m (system T3), were deployed to measure for a few days the particle flux in the upper thermocline. Next, at ESTOC, the first casts with special bottles (GoFlo) and in-situ pumps (ISP) for trace metal sampling were obtained to achieve a densely sampled profile throughout the the water column. On 17 June, at ESTOC the current meter mooring V367-4 was recovered with no losses and a deep CTD/rosette cast was performed. We then steamed towards the position LP north of the island of La Palma at nominally 29°45'N, 18°00'W. We reached that position on 18 June, took the first of two trace metal casts wirth GoFlo and ISP, a deep CTD/rosette cast, and then the second casts with GoFlo and ISP. While steaming again to the ESTOC station, we took near surface water for incubation experiments on deck. On 19 June, we searched successfully for the two drifting particle trap for recovery. Unfortunately, the system T1 had lost its current meter and its single trap at 200 m. The second system, T3 was recovered completely and reset again. One more cast for trace metal with GoFlo and ISP completed the sampling for trace metals near ESTOC. On 20 June, the ESTOC current meter mooring V367-5 was deployed and a deep CTD/rosette profile taken. We then steamed to the position of the four CANIGO moorings that we exchanged in the eastern boundary current array EBC from 21 June to 23 June during day time. The four moorings all reach up to 150 m below the surface and carry a total of 23 current meters and 2 particle traps. During the night and between the moooring work, CTD stations on a section parallel to the mooring array and hydrocasts for trace metal near mooring EBC3 in the centre of the arry were obtained. On 21 June in the afternoon, two additional scientists from the ICCM embarked in Arrecife for the ESTOC June 1998 station work to be performed later. Heading again for the ESTOC position, we took additional CTD stations down to 2000 m below the Mediterranean outflow water to achieve additional more detailed information on the thermocline circulation north of the Canary Islands. The drifting particle trap was successfully recovered on 24 June near ESTOC. Hydrocasts for trace metals with GoFlo in ISP and the June 1998 ESTOC station work completed the sampling programme during this part of M41/1. On the way from ESTOC to Las Palmas a NOAA surface drifter and 5 XBTs were launched. 'Meteor' called in to Las Palmas on 25 June for personnel exchange. The groups from the IEO, ULPGC, GeoB, UBMCh and ICCM involved in mooring work, trace metals and the ESTOC station work disembarked. Embarking were groups from seven institutes from four nations. 'Meteor' sailed from Las Palmas for Leg M42/1b on 26 June in the afternoon. Leg M42/1b was aimed to measure and sample important hydrographic, chemical and bilogical parameters on a closed box north of the Canary Islands (Fig. 1.2) for balance and flux calculations. En- route, the current profile down to 200 m and sea surface temperature and salinity were measured After a test station late in the evening on the same day, station work started on 27 June east of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura on the shelf at 100 m water depth with a station spacing of 7 nm that was increased to 20 nm towards the ESTOC position. Each station consisted of a bottom deep CTD/rosette cast with sampling for dissolved oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll. Attached to the CTD/rosette was an ADCP to measure the absolute current profile in the whole water column. Also on each station, another CTD with optical sensors attached took casts down to 1600 m. Samples for aluminum, coccolithophores and plankton were taken from the rosette bottles on roughly every other station. Deep plankton net hauls down to 1000 m and on some stations down to 2000 m were restricted to the continental shelf break and the adjacent deep basin with some additional hawls in the open ocean. The box basicly consists of three CTD/rosette sections: the first runs almost zonally along mooring array EBC towards ESTOC and then to a position north of La Palma at 29°10'N, 18°00'W, the second meridionally towards Madeira until 32°15' N, the third then zonally onto the shelf until the 100 m bottom contour. A total of 45 stations were obtained on these three sections. The box was completed on 12 July at 32°02' N, 009°52' W at 100 m water depth on the Moroccan shelf. We then set course to Lisbon. Off Portugal, four moorings were to be recovered for the University of Lisbon. Two of them (C3, C6) were retrieved without problems, but with one instrument being damaged. One mooring (C5) did not respond to the acoustic interrogation and release commands. After search courses being completed, this mooring had to be given up. We knew from the fourth mooring (C4) that the acoustic releaser would interrogate but not release; therefore its position was measured accurately (37°30.13' N, 009°37.76' W, 1570 m at 1696 m water depth) acoustically. Next, two dredge trials around the mooring were performed, however with no success at 8 Beaufort wind. 'Meteor' called in to Lisbon 16 July in morning. 5. PRELIMINARY RESULTS 5.1 PHYSICAL Oceanography (T. J. Müller, M. KNOLL, B. Lenz, F. Lopez-Laatzen) HYDROGRAPHY Throughout the cruise, a MKIIIB Neil Brown CTD (internal IFMK no. NB4) was used together with a General Oceanics rosette sampler to which 21x10 l Niskin bottles were attached. The space for three more bottles on the rosette frame was needed to simultaneously lower a RDI 150 KHz narrow band acoustic Dopler profiler (lADCP) to measure directly the current shear in the water column. The CTD's temperature and pressure sensors were calibrated at IFMK one month before the cruise. From in-situ comparisons with reversing electronic thermometers, it is expected that the drift in temperature was less than the resolution of the comparing sensors, i.e. less 1 mK, during the cruise. Accuracy therfore is close to the calibration accuracy, i.e. better 2 mK. Bottom distance estimates showed no significant drift of the pressure sensor besides the offset correction. Accuracy is then estimated to better 5 dbar for high (>3000 dbar) pressures. Problems arose with the in-situ calibration of the conductivity cell. Firstly, the two Guildline AUTOSAL salinometers that were used subsequently (Table 5.1) showed problems with rinsing the cells. Consequently, many samples had to be omitted for the calculation of the calibration coefficients for the CTD's cell. The salinometers were calibrated with standard seawater batches P131 (K15=0.99984, S=34.9945, stations 304 - 335 ) and P132 (K15=0.99986, S=34.9945, stations 336 - 356) at the beginning and at the end of the cruise and frequently in between. Checks for drifts were conducted with substandards from the deep ocean (> 3000 m) at least two times per day. It turned out that the calibrations of AUTOSALs were stable to better 0.001 in salinity through the cruise. Table 5.1.2: Salinometers during the cruise were AS6, AS4 and A6 again. Problems with cell flushing, in particular salinometer AS4, let us use A6 again. AS6 from 28.06.-09.07. used, stations 304 - 332 AS4 from 07.07.-09.07. used, stations 333 - 339 AS6 from 09.07.-14.07. used, stations 340 - 356 (end) The other problem that arose, was an extremely strong drift of the CTD's conductivity signal in addition to the usual linear correction (Fig. 5.1.1). Including a drift correction, a single calibration set of 6 parameters for the whole cruise gives a standard deviation of 0.005 for the salinity residuals, mostly due to bottle salinities. Despite the problems described above, the accuracy in the calibrated CTD salinity is estimated to be better 0.003. Figure 5.1.1: Salinity calibration of the CTD (internal IFMK no. NB4). Upper panel with pre-calibration salinity corrections needed to meet sample salinity (SCOR) versus profile (or cast) number (PROFILE, left) and pressure (PRESSURE, right). Note the unusual strong drift with the profile number. The lower panel shows the residuals after a single overall calibration with 6 parameters including drift correction was apllied to the CTD conductivity values. The standard deviation after calibration is 0.005 in salinity. As an example, the salinity section along 29°N is shown in Figure 5.1.3. The salinity minimum which is indicated at 800 m east of Fuerteventura close to the bottom, is correlated with low oxygen values (see Sect. 5.2) and is a signal for rudiments of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). All other features are very common. Note the summer season upwelling off the African shelf. Figure 5.1.3: Salinity section along 29°N. ADCP MEASUREMENTS As navigational system a combined GPS/GLONASS receiver GG24 made by ASHTEC was used. Unfortunately, the non-optimal positions of the newly installed antennas for the ADU2 system (also from ASHTEC) did not yet allow to receive adequate good signals from this system during this leg. While the (vessel mounted) vADCP worked during the whole cruise, the (lowered) lADCP in many profiles showed so far non-identified problems with sampling. Due to relatively small signals in the eastern basin, further data processing will need reduction of the tidal signal in the measurements. 5.2 OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS MEASUREMENTS (R. Santana, A. Cianca, M.G. Villagarcia, J. Godoy and M.J. Rueda.) SAMPLING Samples were taken at most stations of the second part of leg M42/1 along the sections of 29°N, 18°W and 31°N. Up to 21 sampling depths with the rosette water sampler attached to the CTD covered the water column, except for chlorophyll that was sampled only between 200 m depth and the surface (see Tab. 7.3). Samples were taken for oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll “a" analysis. Samples were collected immediately after the bottles were on board in the following order: * Oxygen was fixed at once, then was kept for further analysis at the laboratory * Nutrient samples were frozen immediately at -20(C. * Chlorophyll samples were taken in polypropilene bottles filtering 0.5 litres inmediatelly. The filters were frozen subsequently at -20(C. Oxygen and nutrient sampling observed the WOCE Hydrographic Programme procedures (WOCE, 1994) ANALYSIS The samples for dissolved oxygen were analysed on board using the method described in WOCE (1994). Bottles with 125 ml volume were used, and the final titration point was detected using a Metrohm 665 Dosimat Oxygen Auto-Titrator Analyser. Nutrients were taken in polypropylene bottles which were cleaned and washed with HCl acid and were completely dried in advance, according to the instructions of WOCE (1994). Samples were immediately frozen at -20°C, analysing them as soon as possible after arrival at the laboratory. Freezing the samples is a common practice. It does not or only in a non-significant way affect the nitrate+nitrite and the phosphate values (by a slight decrease) and is not detectabl in the silicate values (KREMLING AND WENCK,1986; MCDONALD AND MCLUNGHLIN, 1982). The nutrient determination were performed with a segmented continuous-flow autoanalyser, a Skalar(r) San Plus System (ICCM). The automated procedure to determine nitrate and nitrite is based on the cadmium reduction method; the sample is passed through a column containing granulated copper-cadmium to reduce the nitrate to nitrite (WOOD ET AL.,1967), using ammonium chloride as pH controller and complexer of the cadmium cations formed (STRICKLAND and PARSONS, 1972). The optimal column preparation conditions are described, e.g., by NYDAHL (1976) and GARSIDE (1993). The Orthophosphate concentration is understood as the concentration of reactive phosphate (RILEY AND SKIRPOW,1975) and according to KOROLEFF (1983a) is a synonym of “dissolved inorganic phosphate". The automated procedure to determine phosphate is based on the following reaction: ammonium molybdate and potassium antimony tartrate react in an acidic medium with diluted solution of phosphate to form an antimony-phospho-molybdate complex. This complex is reduced to an intensely blue-coloured complex, ascorbic acid. The complex is measured at 880nm. The basic methodology for this anion determination is given by MURPHY and RILEY (1962); the used methodology is the one adapted by STRICKLAND AND PARSONS (1972). The determination of the soluble silico compounds in natural waters is based on the formation of the yellow coloured silicomolybdic acid; the sample is acidified and mixed with an ammonium molybdate solution forming molybdosilicic acid. This acid is reduced with ascorbic acid to a blue dye, which is measured at 810nm. Oxalic acid is added to avoid phosphate interference. The used method is described in KOROLEFF (1983b). Phytoplankton pigments were measured onboard using fluorimetric analysis that followed the methodology described by WELSCHMEYER (1994). A fluorometer TURNER 10-AU-000 was used. PRELIMINARY RESULTS As an example we display the oxygen dtribution along the 29ºN, both in a section (Fig. 5.4) and as Oxygen/Salinity correlation (Fig. 5.5). Most pronounced is a minimum at intermediate depths around 850 m. East of Fuerteventura it is correlated with a salinity minimum representing the presence of rudiments of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) that is transported northwards with the poleward undercurrent. In the west, it corresponds to the salinity maximum of the Mediterranean water core (MW) which during this cruise is strongest in the west and north of La Palma extends up to 850 m. The high oxygen values found at surface near the African coast are due to the presence of the easterly winds, characteristic of this area in the summer season.. A signal of the Labrador Water appears in the section along 18ºW (not shown here). Figure 5.4: Distribution of dissolved oxygen along the 29ºN section, Meteor 42/1b Figure 5.5: Oxygen versus salinity, 29ºN, Meteor 42/1b. Dark symbols are from stations east of Fuerteventura Island, lighter dots are from west of Fuerteventura. The characteristics of water masses are indicated: Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) with low oxygen values; North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the Mediterranean Water (MW) with higer salinity and slightly higher oxygen values. In the surface, low salinities and higher oxygen values are encountered in the shelf area due to upwelling. 5.3 BIO-OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS (W. Breves, K.-D. Loquay and O. Zielinski) OBJECTIVE The investigation of marine systems like the pelagic cycle in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean is an important pre-requisite for understanding global scale ecodynamics, e.g. the carbon flux. Recently, the application of bio-optical methods, using inherent molecular abilities, like fluorescence and absorption, has met with increasing interest in environmental monitoring. During this cruise a bio-optical in situ probing system, developed at the University of Oldenburg, was successfully applied as a part of CANIGO for the fourth time north of the Canary Islands (previous cruises: 0Jan 97, Apr 97, Apr 98). Additional measurements onboard with laboratory instruments provide complementary data on bio-optical parameters. The investigations are intended to quantify bio-geochemical fluxes in the water column and data will be used within biogeochemical/bio-optical models of this Canary Island region. BIO-OPTICAL METHODS Dissolved and particulate substances in seawater can be sensitively characterized with optical methods without additional sample treatment, and therefore very fast. Yellow substances (chromophoric dissolved organic matter, traditionally denoted as Gelbstoff ) as a compound of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments like phycoerythrin, fucoxanthin, and fucocyanin, and the aromatic amino acid tryptophan, bound to proteins in bacteria and algae can be measured with fluorescence methods. Furthermore, the attenuation coefficient is an optical parameter which depends sensitively on suspended and dissolved substances. Its measurement is of interest not only for the understanding of optical conditions in water, but it also allows for a fast determination of absorbing and scattering matter in the form of depth profiles, which can hardly be obtained with other methods in real time. INSTRUMENTATION AND SAMPLING PROCESSING The following lists of instrumentation and sampling procedures is based on the "Documentation of Methodologies and Standard Protocols - University of Oldenburg", available at the CANIGO Data Centre: http://www.marine.ie/datacentre/projects/CANIGO/: Laboratory Spectrofluorometer - LS 50 (UOLA1) Laboratory Spectrophotometer - (18 (UOLA2) Bio-optical in situ probing system consisting of CTD - Probe, OTS 1500 + Oxygen Sensor (UOLA3) Multichannel in situ Fluorometer - MFL (UOLA4) Polychromatic Transmissometer - PAAL (UOLA5) Daylight Radiometer - RAD (UOLA6) and an Underwater Central Unit (UOLA7) for the data uplink. The following sampling procedures were applied: for measurements of the laboratory spectrofluorometer LS50 from bottle samples processing of gelbstoff fluorescence (UOLB1) processing of chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB2) processing of tryptophan fluorescence (UOLB3) for measurements of the laboratory spectrophotometer (18 from bottle samples processing of gelbstoff absorbance (UOLB5) for measurements of the bio-optical in situ probing system processing of conductivity, temperature, pressure, oxygen and related parameters like salinity, potential temperature or density (UOLB6) processing of gelbstoff fluorescence (UOLB7) processing of chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB8) processing of fucoxanthin from chlorophyll a fluorescence (UOLB9) processing of tryptophan fluorescence (UOLB10) processing of gelbstoff attenuation (UOLB11) processing of seston attenuation (UOLB12) processing of underwater light field parameters like downwelling and upwelling irradiance or PAR(z) (UOLB13) Up- and downcast profiles with the bio-optical in situ probing system were measured down to 1500 m depth at 46 stations during the cruise, along with onboard laboratory measurements with samples from Niskin bottles taken at the following depths: 10-25-50-75- 100-125-150-200-250-400-600-800-1000-1150-1500-2000-2500-3000-3500-4000 m (under-lined depth are taken regulary at all stations available). Bacteria samples have been taken at stations 312, 314, 326 and 335 and will be analysed by the IfM Kiel, Marine Chemistry Group. PRELIMINARY RESULTS In the following we present some preliminary CTD and multichannel fluorometer (MFL) data. The transect along 29°N started on 26 June 1998 near the African shelf (station 307) and ended on 04 April 1998 north of La Palma (station 335). The salinity distribution (Fig.5.3.1) is displays the well known water masses and the coastal upwelling near the African shelf. Fig. 5.3.1: Salinity distribution along the transect at latitude 29°N. On the upper x-axis station numbers are given and, on the y-axis the pressure in dbar is displayed. The gelbstoff distribution along the souhtern transect is shown in Fig. 2, with the typical increase of gelbstoff contents with depth, due to photodegradation at the surface. Fig. 5.3.2: Gelbstoff fluorescence distribution along the transect at latitude 29°N down to 1500 dbar. The higher signals at the surface were not caused by higher Gelbstoff concentrations but by straylight of solar radiation. Fig. 5.3.2 shows the chlorophyll a fluorescence distribution along the transect. In the oligotrophic open ocean one can identify the deep chlorophyll maximum which is typical of the spring/summer situation in the region. Near the shelf and also near the island's west side, coastal upwelling took place and higher phytoplankton abundance could be observed. Fig. 5.3.3 Chlorophyll a fluorescence distribution in the upper layer along 29°N. 5.4 INTERACTION OF PARTICLES AND WATER (K. Pape, U. Schüßler, C. v. Oppen) BACKGROUND Particle-water interaction is a key process in the biogeochemical cycling of chemical elements in the ocean. Uptake onto particulate matter and subsequent sinking mechanisms (scavenging) is the major control on the chemical composition of seawater. This mechanism maintains the concentrations of many elements in seawater rather low, many of which are, thus, called trace elements. The particulate matter itself consists of (i) suspended particulate matter (SPM) which is supposed to consist of almost non-sinkable biogenic and terrestrial detritus with a large surface area and (ii) the relatively fast sinking particles found in particle traps, responsible for the vertical transport to the sediments. The comparison of the trace element composition and the distributions in these three different phases (dissolved, SPM and trap material) are excepted to provide important clues on transport and sorption mechanisms as well as on the general geochemical behavior of these elements in the ocean. Many of the trace elements studied here are essential for marine life, and thus also in the generation of the biogenically induced particle flux within the water column. These trace elements cover a broad range of chemical properties, enabling to study biogeochemical processe in greater detail. Within the collaborative CANIGO project, the Marine Chemistry Department of the University of Bremen, Germany (UBMC), conducts studies on the biogeochemistry of a suite of trace elements. These elements exhibit different behaviour in the ocean, as can bee seen, e.g. in the vertical profiles of their dissolved concentrations. In addition, input functions may vary strongly between individual elements. For the CANIGO study area, atmospheric inputs of mainly Saharan origin are especially important. This material carries many trace elements with it, that are partially released upon deposition in the ocean. Scavenging of dissolved trace elements and incorporation of particulate trace elements onto sinkable particles of mostly biogenic origin provides a pathway for the coupling of upper water processes influenced by atmospheric input and the deep sea. During the firts part of the cruise, M42/1a, activities of the UBMC group focussed on particle-water interaction at three different stations along a zonal transect off the African Coast (stations EBC, ESTOC, LP). That part was dedicated to collect suspended particulate material as well as samples for dissolved trace elements in high vertical resolution. During the second part cruise, M42/1b, we attempted to determine the background field in dissolved trace element concentrations around the three central stations mentioned above (viz. ESTOC), focussing on the upper 1000m of the water column. Samples were collected at four stations along the 29°N zonal transect in order to complete the station pattern of the preceedingpart. The northern zonal transect 31°N was also covered with 4 stations to better characterize what may be regarded as the upstream component for the ESTOC area north of the Canary Islands. In addition, we used the M42/1b test station to collect one profile about 30 nm south of the ESTOC station to possibly relate variabilities observed previously to current findings at the ESTOC station. Another station was covered on the meridional transect SW of Madeira. The southwestern-most station of this cruise was used to collect some deep water for internal calibration purposes. SAMPLING Samples of dissolved trace elements were collected from discrete depths distributed over the whole water column using in-situ pumpuing systems during M42/1a, and from the upper 1000 m by means of 12x12 l GoFlo bottles attached to a rosette sampling device. All samples were collected rigorously applying clean sampling techniques to avoid contamination as far as possible. Sample processing was done under a clean bench inside a clean-air laboratory container onboard. Dissolved trace element samples were pressure- filtered with nitrogen gas through pre-cleaned 0.4 µm polycarbonate membranes directly from the sampling bottles. Besides trace element sampling, water samples were analyzed for nutrients as well as for oxygen. The macro nutrients nitrate, phosphate and silicate were determined according to standard photometric procedures. Dissolved oxygen was analyzed by titration using the Winkler method. The only trace element to be determined onboard was dissolved Aluminium (Al) by a fluorescence method. All other dissolved trace elements will be analyzed onshore. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Preliminary results for the distribution of dissolved Al show surface concentrations to be lowest close to the African coast in the EBC area (concentration range for surface waters 13-21 nM for the entire cruise). In this eastern area, a subsurface maximum at 150-200m was observed, whereas this signal progressively deminished farther to the west. In general, the profiles obtained indicate a slight increase in Al concentrations with depth within the upper 1000m of the water column. This pattern appears to be more pronounced along the northern transect (32°N) than at the southern transect (29°N). 5.5 DISSOLVED ALUMINIUM (C. Collado-Sánchez, V. Siruela-Matos, F.J. Martín-Muñoz and J.J. Hernández-Brito) INTRODUCTION Aluminium distributions in Canary Islands region show a great variability (Gelado- Caballero et al , 1996). The area, major features are present that could affect the aluminium biogeochemical behaviour, such as elevated aeolian (dust) inputs from the Sahara desert, the proximity to areas of upwelling (150-200 Km) and mesoscale features that are induced by the effect of the islands on the the Canary Current. The aluminium distribution shows a latitudinal gradient from East to West. The study of the Al variations along these gradients and at fixed stations could give a better knowledge of the physical and biogeochemical processes that control the mesoescale distribution of aluminium in the area and its seasonal variability. OBJECTIVES The main objectives in the cruise were: * to measure profiles of dissolved aluminium at ESTOC (European Station for Time Series in the Ocean Canary Islands) with high vertical resolution in the summer season * to measure the aluminium distributions between the African coast and 18°W along two different latitudes in the summer season. * to compare the summer profiles with the winter profiles of M37/2. SAMPLING Sampling was carried out using Niskin bottles provided with springs of silicone rubber. Samples were taken and manipulated wearing plastic gloves to avoid metal contamination. Samples were split into two parts. The first was stored at 150 ml polyethylene bottles and immediately frozen until the analysis at the shore-based laboratory. The second part was measured on board. The containers have been previously cleaned using conventional procedures in the trace metal assay. ANALYSIS OF Al The HPACSV (High Performance Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammtry) method (Hernández- Brito et al., 1994) was used to measure on board dissolved aluminium in seawater. Samples are prepared in Teflon cups of polarographic cell, containing 10 ml of water, 2·10-6 M DASA and 0.01 M BES. The solution is purged using nitrogen (3 minutes) to remove dissolved oxygen. The adsorption potential (-0.9 V) is applied to the working electrode, while the solution is stirred. After 40 s accumulation time, the stirring is stopped, and for 5 s the solution is allowed for to became quiet. The scanning is started at -0.9 V and terminated at -1.4 V. The scan is made using staircase modulation with a scan rate of 30 V/s and a pulse height of 5 mV. The DASA-Al peak appears at ca. -1.25 V. A standard addition procedure is used to quantify the aluminium concentration of the sample. Determinations were carried out in a flow bench class-100 to avoid contamination of the sample by dust particles. The electrochemical system used has been designed to measure the instantaneous currents at short times with a low noise level (Hernandez-Brito et al., 1994b). Thus, the analytical time required for each sample is substantially reduced, allowing an increase of measurements on board. A PAR- 303A electrochemical cell with hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was connected to a specially made computer-controlled potentiostat. PRELIMINARY RESULTS More than 600 samples were analysed on board. Preliminary results show that the aluminium distribution in the water column appears to be related with the physical and biogeochemical processes in the sampling area. Aluminium distribution in the surface waters shows the same maximum concentrations as found during previous cruises at summer and fall at the area. These concentrations decrease from Africa coast to La Palma Island (Fig. 5.5.2). Mid-depth aluminium distributions seem to be related to the water masses. Stations located west of Lanzarote show higher aluminium concentrations and no salinity minimum at this deepth. An aluminium maximum appears at intermediate waters (1000-1300m) and it seems to be related with the intrusion of Mediterranean waters. A minimum in the aluminium distributions occurs below the Mediterranean waters. The aluminium concentration increases again at depths larger than 2500m. Stations close to the continental slope show higher aluminium near the bottom layer. This could indicate sediment dissolution or lateral transport of sediment in the deep layers. The profiles in the western most stations show no significant alterations near the bottom. Fig. 5.5.1 Fig. 5.5.2 5.6 DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) MEASUREMENTS (B. Heyden, W. Kühn, M. Spietz) DOC is part of the oceanic carbon pool. Small changes in the DOC cycle may have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. Questions not yet answered are concerned with the nature of DOC and also the problems involved in its measurements (e.g. Suimara & Suzuki, 1988; Suzuki, 1993; Hedges & Lee, 1993). The key issue during the Meteor cruise M42/1 was to determine the vertical distribution of DOC at the three stations ESTOC, EBC and LP (north of La palma), and on the two sections along 29°N and 32°N to measure the horizontal gradients from the coastal zone to the open sea. In order to resolve seasonal variations as compared to earlier cruises, the sampling was densest in the upper 200 m and in the shelf region. At thirty nine stations (Tables 7.1 and 7.2), water samples were taken throughout the entire water column with a CTD/rosette. Samples for DOC measurements immediately after sampling were filtered under slight vacuum through precombusted Whatman GF/F filters. After filtration the DOC samples were preserved with phosphoric acid to reach pH=2 and stored in precombusted 10 ml glass ampoules at 5°C. The samples will be analysed at the laboratories of the IBGM., Hamburg. In addition to DOC, during M42/1a at ESTOC, EBC and LP also dissolved organic matter (DOM) was sampled and stored for later analysis at the IBGM, Hamburg. 5.7 PARTICLE FLUX, PRODUCTION RATES AND PLANKTON BIOMASS (S. Neuer) Particle flux measurements with moored particle traps Particle flux measurements at ESTOC (European Station for Time-series in the Ocean, Canary Islands) are carried out since fall of 1991. They show seasonal and short-term variability due to varying productivity and hydrographic conditions. In addition, this long-.term particle flux record indicates that a large portion of deep particle flux originates laterally. In CANIGO, additional particle traps were placed along the 29°N transect, north of La Palma (mooring LP) and between the eastern islands and the Moroccan shelf (moorings EBC2 and 3). Including the ESTOC position, these three main trap locations cover the productivity gradient from shelf region to the oligotrophic gyre. It is intended to distinguish the influence of autochtonous and allochtonous sources of particle flux along the transect. The EBC2 and EBC3 particle traps are part of current meter moorings of the IfM Kiel. During the first two mooring periods since January 1997, each mooring carried a particle trap in 700 m depth. On June 21 and 22, the second set of moorings, EBC2-2 and EBC3-2, was recovered. The particle trap on EBC2 worked properly, the one on EBC3 did not rotate, and no samples are available. EBC3-3, which also carried an INFLUX current meter mooring 20 m below the trap, was re-deployed on June 23. Supplementing the particle trap on EBC2, a second trap was attached to the mooring line one in 500 and 700 m. By collocating two traps in different depths on one mooring line, it will now be possible to investigate vertical gradients in the particle flux at EBC as already at the ESTOC and LP locations. EXPERIMENTS WITH DRIFTING PARTICLE TRAPS In addition to moored particle traps, experiments with drifting trap were carried out to determine particulate carbon flux that originates directly from the euphotic zone. Ideally, these sinking flux measurements need to be coupled with measurements of the standing stock and production rates of the plankton community in the euphotic zone (see next section on plankton biomass and production rates). To study particle flux below the euphotic zone, two surface-tethered particle interceptor arrays were deployed northeast of the ESTOC station, one carrying one trap at 200 m (Trap I, 200 m drifter, Fig. 5.7.1 ), the other one three traps at 200, 300 and 500m depth (Trap III, 500 m drifter, Fig. 5.7.2). The traps were attached to a surface buoy carrying an ARGOS transmitter and a Radar reflector. The main buoyancy was located at about 30 m depth to avoid the wind-induced EKMAN layer. The first deployment period (Trap III-1 and I-1) lasted from June. 16-19. During the deployment period, the 8mm steel wire of the surface array of I-1 was cut due to unknown reasons and only the surface buoy and two packages of fisher buoys could be recovered. The entire array below the surface was lost. In total, I-1 drifted 60 km (or 21 km/d) south-west, III-1 drifted only 12.6 km (4.4 km/d) to the west and remained at the same latitude (Fig. 5.3.3). The difference in drift verlocity can be explained by the lacking water resistance of the short drifter. Following the drift course, the loss of the array I-1 probably occurred in the evening of 18 June, one day before recovery. During the second deployment period, only the 500 m trap was re-deployed from June 19-24. This time, the drifter drifted 29 km north-west with a speed of 6 km/d. Fig. 5.7.1 Drifter I-1 carrying one trap at 200m depth. Fig. 5.7.2 Drifter III carrying traps 200, 300 and 500 m depth. Fig. 5.7.3 Drift course of drifters I-1 and III-1. PLANKTON BIOMASS AND PRODUCTION RATES To quantify the plankton community in the euphotic zone during the trap deployments, samples were taken for chlorophyll, taxonomically characteristic pigments (analysed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, HPLC) and POC (Particulate organic carbon). All of the water samples were filtered on GF/F filters. While chlorophyll a was analysed onboard ship as an acetone extract using a Turner AU 10 fluorometer, POC and HPLC samples were kept frozen until analysis onshore. Chlorophyll a as indicator of phytoplankton biomass showed the characteristic trend from highest values at the relatively eutrophic station EBC (in the proximity to the upwelling region) towards low values in the olitotrophic gyre regions (LP) (Fig. 5.7.4). All stations exhibited a deep chlorophyll maximum, located in 75m at EBC and ESTOC, and in 125 m depth at LP. Fig. 5.7.4 Chlorophyll profiles taken at EBC, ESTOC and LP. To determine phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates under close to in- situ conditions, dilution experiments were carried out twice at ESTOC (Stations 264 and 270) and EBC3 (Sta. 286) with water from 25 and 50 m depth in an on-deck incubator. 5.8 STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES, NITROGEN AND CARBON CONCENTRATION OF MARINE PARTICLES (T. Freudenthal) INTRODUCTION The origin of organic matter may be characterized by its chemical composition. Especially the stable nitrogen isotopes allow valuable insights into the production and degradation history of organic particles. Low values of the stable nitrogen isotope ratio (15N and high concentrations of organic nitrogen and carbon are expected of material generated in an upwelling system. Higher (15N values, on the other hand, are typical of organic matter produced in oligotrophic systems. In addition, degradation of organic matter causes an enrichment of (15N. In this study, the stable nitrogen isotope ratio as well as the organic nitrogen and carbon content of particulate (mainly suspended) material is determined and compared to the organic chemistry of fast sinking material sampled by particle traps, located along the 29°N productivity gradient transect. METHODS Water from selected depths reaching from 10 m to near the sea floor was sampled on three sites along the 29° transect (EBC3, mesotrophic, ESTOC, oligotrophic, and LP, extremely oligotrophic) for the analysis of (15N, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), organic nitrogen (ON), and organic carbon (OC) content of particles. For the analysis of (15N of filtered particles, 5 l of seawater were filtered from each depth onto precombusted GFF- filters. For the analysis of TN and TC content, respectively, ON and OC content, two liters of seawater were filtered onto precombusted GFF-filters. Filters were stored at - 20°C in the dark until further analysis on shore. (15N will be measured using a Finigan mass spectrometer. TN and TC will be measured using a carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen (CHN) - analyser. ON and OC will be measured on acidified filters using a CHN-analyser. Assuming that almost all of the nitrogen in suspended material is of organic origin, the comparison of TN and ON may indicate loss of organic material during acidification. FIRST RESULTS Assuming that the coloration of the filters is an indicator of particle concentration, first results can be seen that are based solely on the optical impression of the filters. Confirming the productivity gradient along 29°N the concentration of suspended matter in comparable depths was highest at EBC3, and lowest at LP. The concentration was highest in surface waters, decreased in the upper 500m at EBC3, and in the upper 1500m at EBC and LP. At EBC3, a maximum of suspended matter was observed between 600 and 900m. This could be explained by lateral particle transport with a high productivity region like Cape Ghir area in the north or Cape Blanc area in the south being the source of the particles. At ESTOC, the concentration increased below 1500m with a maximum at 2500m. This observation supports the assumption of lateral particle transport being responsible for higher fluxes observed with the 3000m particle trap compared to the 700m and 1000m particle traps at ESTOC (S.Neuer, personal communication). Concentrations near the sea floor were low at all three sites. Resuspension of sedimental material seems to have a minor influence on the concentration of suspended matter. Elemental analysis has to be done to confirm these primary results. 5.9 THE USE OF STABLE NITROGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPES TO MEASURE PRIMARY PRODUCTION (M. Schroeter) INTRODUCTION Primary production, the uptake and assimilation of CO2 by autotrophic plankton, can be divided into new and regenerated production. New production is based on the uptake of new nutrients (e.g. nitrate) that originate from outside the euphotic zone by processes such as upwelling or mixing. On the other hand, regenerated production is defined as a primary production fuelled by nutrients recycled in the productive euphotic zone, such as ammonia excreted by heterotrophic organisms. New production eventually has to be exported as sedimenting particles (export production) to maintain a mass balance in the upper productive layers. The 29°N transect covers distinct nutrient regimes, from extremly oligotrophic north of La Palma to eutrophic regions, close to the NW African upwelling system in the EBC region. The aim of this study was to correlate the uptake and incorporation of 15N-NO3 and 13C- HCO3¯ by phytoplankton to new and total primary production rates, respectively. Methods Discrete water samples were collected before dawn from nine optical depths (116, 93, 83, 53, 39, 21 and 8m), corresponding to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 6, 13, 34, 52, 66 and 100% of surface irradiance, respectively, to achieve a high resolution of the euphotic zone. Samples were incubated in bottles covered with neutral density filters of the corresponding light intensity on board (simulated in-situ incubation). Stable isotopes (15NO3, 15NH4 and H13CO3) were added in trace concentrations in order to maintain the natural nutrient abundance. After about 12h, the experiments were stopped by filtering the samples onto precombusted GF/F filters. The incorporated isotopes and the particulare nitrogen and carbon contents (PON and POC) will be determined by mass spectrometry and elemental analyses in the laboratory. To normalize the primary production rates to biomass, samples for chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments were taken for fluorometric and liquid chromatograhic analyses. Also, the impact of nutrient ability on production rates (Michaelis-Menten-kinetics) was investigated by adding different nitrogen concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol NO3/l) to the incubation experiment. FIRST RESULTS Profiles of primary production were taken at all main stations (ESTOC, LP and EBC). All stations were characterized by deep chlorophyll maxima and a lack of nutrients in the euphotic zone. The analysis of the chlorophyll samples before and after the incubation experiments showed no photoinhibition except for one depth (St. 265, 21 m) indicating that the chosen light depths were appropriate for incubation. 5.10 COCCOLITHOPHORES, DIATOMS AND PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA (J. Bollmann) RESEARCH PROGRAMME Sampling for coccolithophores, diatoms and planktic foraminifera during METEOR cruise 42/1 was part of the EC-MASTIII program CANIGO (PL950443) subproject 3: Particle flux and paleoceanography in the Eastern Boundary Current, Task 3.1.2 Flux of organisms. This cruise is the last cruise of several seasonal cruises within this project and represents the summer season. The goals are (a) to obtain a better understanding of the seasonal and interannual interaction between planktic organisms and the physical environment along a WE-transect north of the Canary Islands and (b) to compare this interaction with the long-term variability of species composition and flux into the sedimentary archives. COCCOLITHOPHORES During cruise M42/1, water casts of 10 litres were taken at 43 stations from the following depth levels: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters. At 24 stations samples were taken along a zonal transect from the African coast to La Palma (29°N- section); six stations were sampled along the meridional transect from La Palma to Madeira (18°W), and 13 stations the zonal transect from Madeira towards the African coast (32°N). Up to 10 litres of water were transferred the rosette Niskin bottles for each depth level into carboys after rinsing the carboys with tap water. Within one hour the water was filtered onboard through Nucleopore PC filters (0.8µm, 47 mm diameter) using a low-vacuum filtration device. Filtration was terminated if the filter became clogged and the amount of remaining water was measured. After filtration, the filters were rinsed with 50ml buffered destilled water (NH4OH, PH8.5) in order to eliminate all traces of sea salt. Rinsed filters were transferred to labelled petri-dishes, dried immediately in an oven at 40°C for several hours. Subsequent analyses will use a scanning electron microscope cell density (#/l) and to determine the taxonomic composition of the coccolithophore populations. In addition morphological features of Gephyrocapsa sp. and Calcidiscus leptoporus will be analysed. DIATOMS Water samples for diatom analyses were taken at 15 stations along the 29°N section (African shelf to La Palma) from the following water depth levels: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters. About 300 ml of sea water were transferred from rosette Niskin bottles into plastic bottles and stained with 30 ml Formol which was buffered to pH 8 with Hexamethyl-Tetramin . In addition, at 15 stations a plankton net with 63 µm mesh size was used to sample diatoms within the upper 100 m water column (integrated sampling; IGM Lisbon). The net was released to 100m water depth and was pulled with 0.3 m/s back to the surface. Subsequently the net was rinsed with sea water and the catch was transferred into a plastic bottle and stained with Glutardialdehyde. Subsequent analyses will use a light microscope and if necessary a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), to determine the diatom standing stock and its assemblage composition. PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA Planktic foraminifera were collected with a multi-closing-net (mesh size 64µm) at five depth intervals (500-300, 300-150, 150-50, 50-25, 25-0) at 8 stations along the 29°- section (African shelf to La Palma) including the three stations close to the moorings at LP1, ESTOC and EBC2. The multinet-samples were preserved on board with a saturated solution of HgCl2 and stained with Bengalrosa. In addition, sea water was taken at the base of each net-interval for stable isotope analyses ((18O- and (13C). These samples were preserved with HgCl2 and the glass bottles were sealed with Paraffin to prevent the oxidation of organic matter. All samples were stored immediately in a refrigerator at 4°C. In future analyses the assemblage composition of foraminifera will be determined. Stable isotope analyses of selected foraminifera species as well as the stable isotope composition of sea water will be performed. 5.11 DEEP-SEA ICHTHYOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OFF NW AFRICA (H.-C. John) Sampling During leg M42/1b, fish larvae were sampled along two zonal sections: ca 29°N and 32°N cross-slope near the African shelf. Vertical hauls were obtained on 28 stations with a Hydro-Bios Multinet "MUV" (Multinet vertical) with 0.25 m_ mouth opening and 300 mikrometer mesh size. The net was equipped with a CTD-system with real-time display on board. Retrieval speed was 0.7 m/s. Five net steps were available, and generally sampling was in 200 m depth intervals each, from 1000 m depth to the surface, or with somewhat finer strata near the surface when bottom depths were 800m or less. Across the continental slope between Morocco and west of Lanzarote, horizontal resolution was relative fine (5 - 7 nautical miles, stations 310 - 320) in order to investigate fish larval patterns in relation to along-slope and cross-slope currents. For open ocean ichthyology, station spacing was wider (up to 60 miles, for details see table 5.11.1). At eight of the 28 stations, additionally three 200 m-strata between 1600 - 1000 m depth plus a wider stratum 2000 - 1600 m each were sampled. Net no. 5, which can not be closed, provided an integrated sample from 1000 m to the surface at each of these stations, too. There were no malfunctionings of the net, and also no losses of samples due to torn nets, resulting in a total of 36 hauls with 5 samples each. RESULTS Preserving the samples, fish larvae or juveniles were observed in any of the 36 hauls and generally in all samples down to 600 m depth. Cyclothones (random identifications yielded so far at least 7 species) appeared to be centered in the 400 -600 m layer. However, ichthyoplankton occurred occasionally even deeper and down to 1200 m, whilst below that depth no fish was visible macroscopically. The ten stations between Morocco and Lanzarote could be sorted already on board for ichthyoplankton, and sorted fish could be identified mikroscopically. Sorting was somewhat cumbersome due to high abundances of foraminifera in the uppermost layer. Figure 5.11.1 shows the gross abundance of fish along this transect, and an abbreviated list of the species identified is given in table 5.11.2. Fish larval abundances were high above the upper continental slope with more than 150 fishes per squaremeter (Fig. 5.11.1), but not so above the slope of Lanzarote, nor in the waters in between. It must be emphasized that the sea bottom between Morocco and Lanzarote forms a sill of maximum depths of 1300 m only and is thus not an oceanic habitat, really. The decrease in abundance coincided approximately with the 1000 m isobath. As shown by table 5.11.2, coastal species occupy the rank places 1, 2 and 4. Table 5.11.1: Inventory Table 5.11.1: Inventory of ichthyoplankton sampling with the vertical multiple closing net MUV during M42/1b. MUV Sta. Date UTC Lat. °N Long °W Depth # # max(m) ------------------------------------------------------ 1 306 26.06.1998 21,10 28 40.0 15 35.4 1000 2 310 27.06.1998 19,56 28 37.0 12 49.0 250 3 311 27.06.2008 22,43 28 38.0 12 55.1 360 4 312 28.06.1998 3,08 28 39.6 13 01.1 600 5 313 28.06.1998 6,03 28 40.0 13 06.1 780 6 314 28.06.1998 9,44 28 49.9 13 12.1 1000 7 315 28.06.1998 15,22 28 43.1 13 17.0 1000 8 316 28.06.1998 21,26 28 44.0 13 22.0 1000 9 317 29.06.1998 2,27 28 45.0 13 29.0 1000 10 318 29.06.1998 8,11 28 46.0 13 34.0 1000 11 319 29.06.1998 13,00 28 48.1 13 43.1 836 12 320 29.06.1998 18,38 28 51.0 13 56.1 1000 13 322 30.06.1998 5,31 28 53.0 14 06.0 1000 14 324 30.06.1998 17,39 28 56.0 14 22.0 2000 15 324 30.06.1998 21,30 28 56.0 14 22.0 1000 16 327 01.07.1998 19,18 29 10.0 15 30.1 1000 17 327 01.07.1998 23,33 29 10.2 15 30.2 2000 18 331 03.07.1998 2,29 29 10.0 16 34.0 1000 19 331 03.07.1998 4,32 29 10.1 16 34.0 2000 20 332 03.07.1998 13,53 29 10.0 16 55.1 1000 21 332 03.07.1998 17,37 29 10.0 16 55.1 2000 22 333 03.07.1998 22,53 29 10.0 17 17.1 1000 23 333 04.07.1998 1,37 29 10.0 17 17.0 2000 24 335 04.07.1998 19,20 29 10.0 18 00.1 1000 25 335 04.07.1998 22,27 29 10.1 18 00.2 2000 26 342 07.07.1998 12,47 32 15.0 18 00.0 1000 27 343 07.07.1998 21,36 32 14.9 17 25.2 1000 28 344 08.07.1998 6,52 32 15.0 16 50.0 1000 29 345 08.07.1998 16,52 32 15.0 16 10.1 1000 30 349 09.07.1998 22,40 32 15.0 14 10.1 1000 31 351 10.07.1998 19,05 32 15.0 12 10.0 1000 32 351 10.07.1998 21,12 32 15.0 12 10.1 2000 33 353 11.07.1998 13,25 32 15.0 10 50.0 1000 34 353 11.07.1998 15,34 32 14.9 10 50.0 2000 35 355 12.07.1998 6,47 32 05.0 10 10.0 1000 36 356 12.07.1998 13,37 32 02.9 09 55.5 820 Fig. 5.11.1: The gross abundance of fish larvae (number of occurance N per m2) between the shelf edge off Morocco and Lanzarote, plotted by geographical longitude Table 5.11.2: Abbreviated list of fish species caught between the shelf edge of Morocco and Lanzarote Rank Taxon M42/1bCommon name Number ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 Engraulis encrasicholus Anchovy 151 2 Gobiidae indet. Gobies 33 3 Cyclothone (7 spp.) ---------- 33 4 Blenniidae indet. Blennies 19 5 Ceratoscopelus maderensis Lanternfish 12 6 Maurolicus muelleri Lightfish 12 7 Sternoptychidae Hatchetfishes 6 Besides the species listed in table 5.11.2 above, the following rare taxa contributed 1 to 4 specimens each: Clupeiformes indet., Vinciguerria attenuata, V. poweriae, Pollichthys mauli, Stomiatoidei spp., Benthosema sp., Myctophum nitidulum, Diaphus rafinesquei, Notoscopelus bolini, Scopelarchidae indet., Pagellus acarne, Serranidae indet., Callionymus sp., Trachurus trachurus, Lepidopus caudatus, Arnoglossus sp., Microchirus ocellatus, Heterosomata indet., unidentifyable. The identification of some presumed Maurolicus muelleri is uncertain. These tiny, completely unpigmented larvae have been tentatively assigned to Maurolicus due to the absence of internal transverse rugae in their intestines. However, they also bear similarities to Ceratoscopelus maderensis, in case its recently hatched larvae are devoid of any pigment. The remaining rank places are occupied by oceanic fish species, which, according to macroscopical investigation as well as sorting of nets 1 to 3 of haul no. 13 , become somewhat more abundant, and more species-rich west of Lanzarote above truly oceanic depths. A quick-look analysis of the integrated sample from 1000 m to the surface at station 353 on the northern transect yielded 8 cyclothones besides one Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Sudis hyalina, Lobianchia dofleini and Serrivomer beani, each. The species list given above seems to be fairly typical for a Northwest African slope area during quiescent summer conditions. A more intensive summer upwelling situation would have yielded sardine (Sardina pilchardus) on one of the first rank places, but only scant anchovy larvae of larger sizes, originating from earlier spawning. A winter situation would have yielded (besides sardine) many larvae of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), lanternfish Myctophum punctatum, Maurolicus and probably also hake (Merluccius merluccius). The oceanic fauna besides C. maderensis, of which the adults are associated with Mediterranean Outflow Water, includes mostly species of the subtropical-temperate complex, but no distinct tropical species except for one single Cyclothone livida. This latter species, if caught in larger numbers, might serve as a tracer for the intermediate poleward slope current in the passage east of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, or within the archipelago, respectively, and the teleconnection of this current with the tropical Eastern Atlantic margin. As shown in figure 5.11.2, the decrease of abundance above the shelf edge coincides with the change from coastal ("neritic") species to oceanic ones. The boundary is fairly sharp, with only slight intrusion of single specimens of oceanic taxa onto the upper continental slope, as well as occurrence of single neritic specimens offshore (the questionable Maurolicus larvae were not counted as a separate taxon constructing this figure). The little overlap between neritic and oceanic groups maybe interpreted also as some evidence for little cross-shelf transport, i.e. little or no upwelling during the planktonic phase of most of the larvae caughts. Since weak upwelling was evident in the CTD-data, it must be emphasized that the CTD-data and fish larval data describe different time scales. The larval assemblage is estimated to be generally 1 to 2 weeks old, because among blennies, C. maderensis, gobies and the Lampanyctinae preflexion larvae prevailed, whilst anchovy was generally in or beyond notochord flexion. However, among blennies and flatfishes even some yolk-sac larvae were found of probably 4 - 5 days age, and the questionable Maurolicus must also be only few days old. The M. nitidulum caught above the slope (it is a high-oceanic species) was in early transformation and thus several weeks old, in which time it may have drifted onshore (and probably also downcurrent meridionally). Measurements for more precise ageing and grouping for cross-slope zonations of stages could not yet be done, neither have vertical distributions been calculated yet. Fig. 5.11.2: The numbers of species per station, separated for coastal (neritic) and oceanic taxa (otherwise as for Fig. 5.11.1) 6. SHIP'S METEOROLOGICAL STATION (H. D. Behr) CRUISE, COURSE AND WEATHER FS "Meteor" sailed from Las Palmas Tuesday, June 16, 1998 at noon, steering on northerly courses. There were light northeasterly winds at the first station ca. 80 nm northwest of Gran Canaria, originating from a high south of the Azores and a low over the western parts of the Saharan desert. The wind turned to North force 4 during the cruise until we reached the position LP north of La Palma. After station work at LP R/V Meteor sailed to station EBC east of Lanzarote. The African low had moved to the west in the meantime causing northeasterly winds of force 6, increasing to 8 for a while. After having finished station work east of Lanzarote R/V Meteor sailed westward again to station ESTOC north of Gran Canaria and after station work there R/V Meteor called in to Las Palmas again 25 June to exchange part of the scientific crew. After having left Las Palmas on 26 June, the vessel steamed again to the array EBC east of Lanzarote to start the hydrographic work on the box north of the Canary Islands. The high near the Azores and the low over the Saharan desert were nearly stationary during the whole time. However, slight movements in their positions and changes in their intensities usually caused northeasterly wind increasing to force 7 in the afternoon decreasing winds to force 3 to 4 during the nights. While approaching the easternmost station on the northern section 357, the Saharan low deepened significantly and moved westward towards the high near the Azores. This caused the northeasterly winds to increase to up to force 8 during the last part of this leg. At station 357 the wind was light and variable, but there was a lot of dust caused by Saharan sand in the air reducing the visibility. After station work at 357 was finished at July 12 R/V METEOR started her transit to the port of Lisbon. On the way, four moorings were to be recovered which was disturbed by rough seas due to the strong winds. In the morning of July 16, 1998 RV METEOR reached Lisbon. ACTIVITIES OF THE SHIP'S WEATHER WATCH On a daily basis, weather reports were compiled and published. Comments heron were presented on a regular basis to the ship's command and the chief scientist. The other participants of the cruise were informed through a bulletin or on special request. Special advice was given in some cases. The necessary data and weather maps were received from wireless stations (Pinneberg and Nairobi), as satellite pictures (METEOSAT 7 and NOAA 12, 14, and 15 ), and by fax (forecast charts from ECMWF or DWD) or by e-mail from the 'Deutscher Wetterdienst', Hamburg and Offenbach/Main. The forecasts of weather conditions and height of sea and swell were based essentially on surface analyses charts of the Northern Atlantic Ocean between 60° N and 20° N. Surface observations of West-European and Northwest-African weather-stations and voluntary merchant ships were compiled by hand drawing in these charts and analyzed by hand. Continously measured meteorological parameter were recorded, transferred to the ship's data collecting system, and on request were distributed to users through computer links or on disks. The sensors and meteorological equipment were maintained on a regular basis, some repairs were made. Standard weather WMO observations were made every hour by the watch officer. Eight of them were transmitted into the WMO Global Telecommunication System (GTS); these also included additional eye observations done by meteorological staff. Every day at 12 UTC one radiosonde was launched using the ASAP system by which the vertical profile of pressure, temperature, moisture, and horizontal wind up to an altitude of 20 to 25 km was determined. The prcesseded data of the records (TEMPS) were transmitted to the GTS of the WMO. Determination of the net total radiation and atmospheric turbidity at sea Information about the spatial and temporal distribution of the net total radiation and its components at the sea surface as well as atmospheric turbidity are important basic variables in meteorology and oceanography as well. Off Northwest Africa atmospheric dust that origins from the Saharian desert is an imprtant component of atmospheric turbity, and it also plays an important role in sedimentation in the ocean. In a special research programme, the following radiation components were recorded during M42/1: direct solar radiation, sunshine duration, global solar radiation and UV-B global solar radiation as well as longwave thermal radiation of the atmosphere. Additional components that are necessary to establish a radiation balance as reflected solar radiation and ocean surface radiation were computed using numerical models that have been successfully tested earlier on research cruises in the Atlantic (Behr, 1990). Atmospheric turbidity is expressed by a set of coefficients as follows: * TL: Linke-turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the solar spectrum * Ts: turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the short-range part of the solar spectrum which provides information about the dust in the atmosphere * Tr: turbidity-coefficient, describing all radiative processes in the red part of the solar spectrum which provides information about the water-vapor-content in the atmosphere. Using an exponential decaying law that describes the turbidity effects as the effect of several (clear) Raleigh atmospheres, the coefficients TL, Ts , and Tr can be computed by from: * the known extraterrestrial solar radiation received from a surface normal to the beam of the sun which depends on the distance sun - earth only * the direct solar radiation received from a surface normal to the beam of the sun, e.g. measured with a Linke-Feussner-Actinometer * the optical pathlength that depends on the solar elevation angle * the optical thickness of the atmosphere The data set of numerous measurements of direct solar radiation done with a Linke- Feussner-Actinometer revealed the spatial and temporal variation of the atmospheric turbidity during M42/1. As a first result, of the section along ca 29°N from EBC to LP (June, 16 to 30) will be shown here. There was clear air during nearly all the time, but a dusty event occurred from June 21 to 25 transporting sand from the Saharan desert. The pathways of the airmasses in 9 different pressure levels is revealed by figures 6.1 and 6.2 by backward trajectories. The trajectories started 108 hours before the day chosen in order to reveal the area the air originated from. From June 21 to 25, dusty air originated from the Saharan desert reached FS "Meteor" in all layers. The Linke-turbidity-factor is correspondingly high: 12 to 18 (see Fig. 6.3). The increasing content of dust can be seen by increasing values of Ts from 2 to 4. During all other days clear air originating from a maritime area was present in all layers of the atmosphere. The turbidity factors were correspondingly low. These findings correspond to former results found by Behr (1990, 1992). Fig. 6.1: Backward trajectories in different levels starting 108 hours ago and reaching the position of FS "Meteor" on June 21, 1998 00:00 UTC. The pressure levels used are indicated: surface, 950 hPa [0.5 km], 850 hPa [1.5 km], 700 hPa [3.0 km], 500 hPa [5.5 km], and 300 hPa [( 9 km], 140 hPa [(14 km], 100 hPa [( 16 km], and 50 hPa [( 21 km]. Fig. 6.2: Same as Fig. 2, but for June 28, 1998 Fig. 6.3: Daily changes of the atmosheric turbidity coefficients TL, Tk, and Tr along ca. 29°N (EBC to LP), June 16 to 30, 1998. 7. STATIONLISTS Table 7.1: Station list M42/1 METEOR cruise 42/1 station and sample log Status: 28.11.1998 List of abbreviations: List of abbreviations: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ St: Station no. Pr: CTD profile no., monotonically increasing during the cruise Wd: Waterdepth Wl: maximum length of wire put out Instr: Type of instrumentation or mooring or equipment NB4: Neil Brown CTD, IFMK internal code NB4, with 21x10 l bottle rosette VXXX: Mooring no XXX TX.Y: Drifting particle traps: X traps, Yth. deployement GoFlo: Cast for trace elements with GoFlo bottles on rosette ISP: Cast for trace elements with in-situ pumps XBT: XBT profile OS: Optical sensors with CTD MN: Multiple closing plankton net, 500 m - surface MUV: Multiple closing plankton net, fish larvae, 2000 m - 1000 m, 1000 m - surface PN: Plankton net, 100 m surface NOAA: surface drifter sss: sun at starboard side Parameter list for CTD/rosette: -------------------------------------------------------- A: lowered ADCP (lADCP, IFMK)), 150 KHz, on CTD/rosette F: Fluorometer attached to CTD R: General Oceanic rosette, 21x 10 l Niskin bottles 0: Gelbstoff (ICCM) 1: Dissolved oxygen (ICCM), 300 ml 2: Trace metals (ULPGC) in particular aluminium, 300 ml 3: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC, IBGMH), 300 ml 4: Nutrients (ICCM), 200 ml 5: Chlorophyll (ICCM), 1200 ml 6: Gelbstoff (UO), 1200 ml 7: Salt (IFMK), 500 ml 8: Diatomes (IGM), 300 ml 9: Coccolithophorides (ETH), >= 4000 ml _ d: d15N or u: 15N uptake or b: d15N-Blank (GeoB) D Dilution experiment (GeoB) H High pressure liquid cromatography (HPLC, GeoB) M Humin (IBGMH) O TC total carbon (GeoB) P TOC total organic carbon (GeoB) Q POC particulate organic carbon (GeoB) T Total nitrogen (TN, GeoB) U Total organic nitrogen (TON, GeoB) X: Dissolved organic matter (DOM, IBGMH) Table 7.1 (continued) Comments / Parameter index ----------------------------- Date Time St Pr Latitude Longitude Wd Wl Inst F R A 0 1 3 4 5 7 ( D H M 0 P Q T U X UTC UTC North West - not attached / sampled MMDDYY hhmm GG MM.M GGG MM.M [m] [m] parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 061698 1300 Sail from Las Palmas, begin of M42/1a 061698 1500 260 001 28 31.0 015 23.4 3560 0197 NB4 test CTD/rosette water for traps 061698 2056 261 -9 29 14.4 015 25.1 3606 -9 T1.1 drifting particle trap launched 061698 2157 261 -9 29 14.1 015 26.0 3606 -9 T3.1 drifting particle traps launched 061698 2217 261 002 29 14.1 015 26.3 3606 500 NB4 F R - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - Q - - - 061698 2358 262 -9 29 10.1 015 30.2 3612 3600 ISP 061798 0613 262 -9 29 10.0 015 30.1 3619 1000 GoFlo 061798 0850 263 -9 29 10.1 015 40.2 3600 -9 V367-4 ESTOC mooring of IFMK recovered 061798 1242 264 -9 29 10.1 015 29.9 3612 3522 GoFlo 061798 1611 264 003 29 10.1 015 29.7 3614 2975 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 d D - - O P - T U - 061898 0435 265 004 29 39.8 017 38.8 4227 115 NB4 F R - - - - - - - u - - - - - - - - - 061898 0717 266 -9 29 45.0 018 00.2 4361 400 ISP 061898 1013 266 -9 29 44.9 018 00.2 4360 4310 GoFlo 061898 1444 266 005 29 45.0 018 00.3 4360 4394 NB4 - R - - - 3 - - 7 d - - M O P - T U - 061898 1819 266 -9 29 45.3 018 00.5 4363 4310 ISP 061998 0034 266 -9 29 45.5 018 01.3 4364 800 GoFlo - - - - - - - 5 - - - - - - -- - - - 061998 0430 267 006 29 36.5 017 25.9 4145 140 NB4 - R - - - - 4 - - u , 15N experiment 061998 1235 268 007 29 02.6 015 50.8 3624 200 NB4 - R - water for traps 061998 1450 269 -9 29 04.1 015 29.2 -9 -9 T1.1 recovery; trap and current meter lost 061998 1629 269 -9 29 14.5 015 33.8 -9 -9 T3.1 recovery 061998 1701 269 008 29 14.5 015 33.7 3614 499 NB4 - R - - - - - 5 - - - H - - - - - - - 061998 1854 270 -9 29 14.9 015 24.8 3604 -9 T3.2 drifting particle traps launched 061998 1905 270 009 29 14.7 015 24.7 3605 200 NB4 - R - - - - - 5 - - D - - - - - - - - 061998 2020 271 -9 29 09.7 015 30.1 3614 700 ISP 061998 2306 271 -9 29 09.4 015 30.6 3614 800 GoFlo 062098 0010 271 010 29 09.4 015 30.7 3614 3622 NB4 - R - - - 3 - - 7 d - - - O P - T U X 062098 0300 271 -9 29 09.6 015 31.5 3614 3200 ISP 062098 1106 272 -9 29 11.9 015 38.4 3621 -9 V367-5 ESTOC mooring of IFMK set 062098 1142 272 011 29 10.0 015 39.9 3623 3622 NB4 - R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062198 0137 273 -9 28 42.9 013 17.0 1023 400 ISP 062198 0350 273 012 28 43.0 013 17.0 1017 200 NB4 F R - - - - 4 - - u - - - - - - - - - 062198 0510 274 -9 28 42.2 013 09.8 998 -9 V378-2 EBC2 mooring of IFMK recovered 062198 0826 275 -9 28 46.4 013 27.6 1276 -9 ECB4-2 mooring of IEO recovered 062198 1025 276 -9 28 48.6 013 38.4 1037 -9 EBC5-2 mooring of IEO recovered 062198 1200 277 013 28 48.2 013 42.2 906 901 NB4 F R - no samples 062198 1643 278 014 28 46.0 013 33.8 1196 1198 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062198 1816 279 015 28 45.0 013 28.9 1282 1279 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062198 2000 280 016 28 44.0 013 23.1 1344 1329 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062198 2325 281 -9 28 43.8 013 21.0 1192 1167 ISP 062298 0134 281 -9 28 43.8 013 21.1 1190 801 GoFlo 062298 0241 281 017 28 43.8 013 21.1 1191 1097 NB4 F R - - - 3 - - 7 u , 13C uptake 062298 0509 282 018 28 42.0 013 12.0 1054 1046 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062298 0757 283 -9 28 42.1 013 09.7 1006 -9 V378-3 EBC2 mooring of IFMK set 062298 1057 284 -9 28 44.3 013 17.9 1180 -9 V377-2 EBC3 mooring of IFMK recovered 062298 1232 -9 -9 28 43.9 013 19.5 1177 -9 XBT test 062298 1457 285 -9 28 45.3 013 27.6 1296 -9 EBC4-3 mooring of IEO set 062298 1724 286 019 28 41.0 013 06.0 824 820 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062298 1850 287 020 28 39.9 013 01.0 631 628 NB4 F R - - - - - 5 7 b D - - - - - - - - 062298 2218 288 021 28 34.0 012 31.2 101 91 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062298 2325 289 022 28 35.1 012 37.1 106 96 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 0028 290 023 28 36.0 012 44.1 170 162 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 0131 291 024 28 37.0 012 49.0 253 246 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 0236 292 025 28 37.9 012 54.1 355 348 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 0502 293 026 28 43.0 013 17.0 1010 125 NB4 F R - - - - - - - u - - - - - - - - - 062398 0544 293 -9 28 43.5 013 17.0 1106 1078 GoFlo 062398 0832 294 -9 28 44.0 013 19.1 1188 -9 V377-3 EBC3 mooring of IFMK set 062398 0922 294 027 28 45.2 013 18.9 1275 1270 NB4 F R - - - - 4 5 - d - - - O P - T U X 062398 1317 295 -9 28 49.3 013 40.2 974 -9 EBC5-3 mooring of IEO set 062398 1529 296 028 28 51.0 013 59.0 1583 1581 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 1734 297 029 28 52.0 013 56.0 1054 1056 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 2054 298 030 28 54.1 014 10.2 2264 2012 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062398 2328 299 031 28 56.2 014 21.2 3003 1996 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062498 0200 300 032 28 58.0 014 33.0 3349 1990 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 u - - - - - - - - - 062498 0447 301 033 29 01.0 014 44.0 3516 1982 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062498 0709 302 034 29 03.9 014 55.0 3565 1987 NB4 F R - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062498 1245 303 -9 29 17.9 015 41.3 -9 -9 T3.2 recovered 062498 1312 303 035 29 17.9 015 41.1 3624 507 NB4 F R - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - Q - - - 062498 1520 304 -9 29 10.0 015 30.0 3614 2000 ISP 062498 1904 304 036 29 10.4 015 30.2 3612 3648 NB4 - R - 0 1 - 4 5 7 - - - - - - - - - - 062498 2157 304 -9 29 10.5 015 30.2 3614 200 PN Plankton net of IEO 062498 2222 -9 -9 29 10.6 015 30.0 3613 -9 NOAA drifter launched Table 7.1 (continued) Comments / Parameter index ----------------------------- Date Time St Pr Latitude Longitude Wd Wl Inst F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UTC UTC North West - not attached / sampled MMDDYY hhmm GG MM.M GGG MM.M [m] [m] parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 062598 0000 305 037 29 07.0 015 12.0 3589 1989 NB4 - R - - - - - - - - 7 - - 062598 0211 -9 -9 29 00.0 015 13.4 3692 -9 XBT 062598 0302 -9 -9 28 50.0 015 15.0 3593 -9 XBT 062598 0352 -9 -9 28 40.0 015 16.9 3577 -9 XBT 062598 0442 -9 -9 28 30.0 015 18.6 3487 -9 XBT 062598 0532 -9 -9 28 20.0 015 20.4 3153 -9 XBT 062598 0718 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 Port of Las Palmas, end of M42/1a 062698 1600 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 Sail from Las Palmas, begin of M42/1b 062698 1901 306 -9 28 40.0 015 35.3 3583 1003 GoFlo 062698 2015 306 038 28 40.0 015 35.3 3582 999 NB4 F R A, test ok, substandard 062698 2112 306 -9 28 39.9 015 35.5 3582 999 MUV test ok 062698 2212 306 -9 28 39.8 015 35.6 -9 100 PN test ok 062698 2229 306 -9 28 39.7 015 35.7 3583 100 MN test ok 062698 2255 306 -9 28 39.5 015 35.8 3584 1600 OS test ok 062798 1450 307 039 28 34.1 012 32.0 102 88 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 062798 1516 307 -9 28 33.9 012 32.2 102 94 OS 062798 1618 308 040 28 34.9 012 36.9 104 98 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 062798 1644 308 -9 28 34.8 012 37.0 105 95 OS sss 062798 1749 309 041 28 36.5 012 43.5 181 174 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 062798 1817 309 -9 28 36.5 012 43.6 174 165 OS sss 062798 1922 310 042 28 37.0 012 49.2 254 249 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 062798 1954 310 -9 28 36.9 012 49.5 254 248 MUV 062798 2024 310 -9 28 36.6 012 49.7 -9 100 PN 062798 2042 310 -9 28 36.5 012 50.3 254 250 OS 062798 2152 311 043 28 38.0 012 54.7 367 363 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9 062798 2241 311 -9 28 38.0 012 55.2 367 367 MUV 062798 2315 311 -9 28 38.0 012 55.5 383 360 OS 062898 0030 312 -9 28 39.6 013 00.9 617 601 GoFlo 062898 0205 312 044 28 39.7 013 01.0 623 622 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9 062898 0305 312 -9 28 39.6 013 01.1 623 594 MUV 062898 0350 312 -9 28 39.7 013 01.4 636 620 OS 062898 0500 313 045 28 40.0 013 06.1 800 802 NB4 F R A - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - - 062898 0601 313 -9 28 40.0 013 06.1 796 722 MUV 062898 0651 313 -9 28 40.0 013 06.1 800 790 OS 062898 0828 314 046 28 42.0 013 12.0 1060 1052 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 062898 0944 314 -9 28 42.0 013 12.2 1061 990 MUV 062898 1043 314 -9 28 41.9 013 12.2 1061 1045 OS 062898 1137 314 -9 28 42.0 013 12.3 -9 100 PN 062898 1157 314 -9 28 42.0 013 12.4 1064 500 MN 062898 1256 314 047 28 42.0 013 12.4 1064 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062898 1410 315 048 28 43.0 013 17.0 1035 1019 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 - 062898 1521 315 -9 28 43.0 013 17.0 1017 987 MUV 062898 1620 315 -9 28 43.1 013 17.0 1064 1000 OS sss; ship is drifting SSW, 1.2 Kn 062898 1724 315 -9 28 43.0 013 17.0 1023 500 MN 062898 1817 315 -9 28 43.0 013 17.0 1016 100 PN 062898 1838 315 049 28 43.0 013 17.0 1016 301 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062898 1957 316 050 28 44.0 013 22.0 1261 1257 NB4 F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 062898 2125 316 -9 28 43.9 013 22.0 1259 988 MUV 062898 2229 316 -9 28 43.9 013 22.0 1267 1250 OS 062898 2330 316 051 28 43.9 013 22.0 1256 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062998 0101 317 052 28 45.0 013 29.0 1289 1285 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 062998 0223 317 -9 28 45.0 013 29.0 1290 989 MUV 062998 0323 317 -9 28 45.0 013 29.0 1289 1250 OS 062998 0422 317 053 28 45.0 013 29.0 1290 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062998 0536 318 -9 28 46.1 013 34.0 1196 1001 GoFlo 062998 0647 318 054 28 46.0 013 34.0 1195 1191 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 - 062998 0808 318 -9 28 46.0 013 34.0 1193 987 MUV 062998 0911 318 -9 28 46.2 013 34.1 1191 1180 OS 062998 1006 318 -9 28 46.3 013 34.3 -9 100 PN 062998 1021 318 055 28 46.4 013 34.2 1185 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062998 1151 319 056 28 48.0 013 43.1 850 847 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 9 062998 1258 319 -9 28 48.2 013 43.1 835 828 MUV 062998 1345 319 -9 28 48.2 013 43.2 833 820 OS 062998 1730 320 057 28 51.1 013 56.0 1000 997 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 - 062998 1837 320 -9 28 51.0 013 56.1 1023 989 MUV 062998 1940 320 -9 28 50.7 013 56.3 1131 1040 OS 062998 2048 320 -9 28 51.1 013 56.2 1027 500 MN 062998 2143 320 -9 28 51.1 013 56.3 -9 100 PN 062998 2202 320 058 28 51.0 013 56.5 1027 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 062998 2310 321 059 28 52.0 014 01.0 1876 1876 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 063098 0102 321 -9 28 52.0 014 01.0 1876 1500 OS 063098 0215 321 060 28 52.0 014 01.0 1875 301 NB4 F R - - - 2 - - - - - - 9 Table 7.1 (continued) Comments / Parameter index ----------------------------- Date Time St Pr Latitude Longitude Wd Wl Inst F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UTC UTC North West - not attached / sampled MMDDYY hhmm GG MM.M GGG MM.M [m] [m] parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 063098 0338 322 061 28 53.0 014 06.0 2093 2095 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 063098 0529 322 -9 28 53.0 014 06.0 2096 992 MUV 063098 0629 322 -9 28 53.0 014 06.0 2098 1500 OS 063098 0745 322 -9 28 53.0 014 06.0 -9 500 MN 063098 0837 322 062 28 53.1 014 06.1 2111 300 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 063098 1001 323 063 28 54.5 014 14.0 2980 2980 NB4 F R A - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - - 063098 1228 323 -9 28 54.6 014 14.0 2968 1500 OS 063098 1338 323 064 28 54.4 014 14.0 2964 301 NB4 F R - - - - - - - - - - 9 063098 1508 324 065 28 56.0 014 22.0 2977 2985 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - 063098 1736 324 -9 28 56.0 014 22.0 2975 1967 MUV 063098 1922 324 -9 28 55.2 014 22.4 2930 1500 OS sss 063098 2055 324 066 28 56.0 014 22.0 2975 298 NB4 - R - - - - - - - - - - 9 063098 2128 324 -9 28 56.0 014 22.1 2976 988 MUV 070198 0020 325 -9 29 01.0 014 44.0 3517 1000 GoFlo 070198 0137 325 067 29 01.0 014 44.0 3515 3517 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070198 0410 325 -9 29 01.0 014 44.0 3524 1500 OS 070198 0520 325 -9 29 01.0 014 44.0 3523 100 PN 070198 0539 325 068 29 01.0 014 44.0 3524 300 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 070198 0814 326 069 29 05.5 015 07.0 3596 3605 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070198 1101 326 -9 29 05.5 015 07.7 3580 1500 OS 070198 1210 326 070 29 05.5 015 07.7 3851 3607 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070198 1644 327 071 29 10.0 015 30.0 3628 3639 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070198 1919 327 -9 29 10.0 015 30.0 3631 989 MUV 070198 2016 327 -9 29 10.0 015 30.0 3631 1500 OS 070198 2125 327 -9 29 10.0 015 30.0 3631 500 MN 070198 2225 327 -9 29 10.0 015 30.1 -9 100 PN 070198 2242 327 072 29 10.2 015 30.2 3629 300 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 070198 2333 327 -9 29 10.2 015 30.4 3613 1965 MUV 070298 0229 328 073 29 10.0 015 40.0 3621 3596 NB4 - R A - - - - - - - - - - 070298 0911 329 -9 29 10.1 015 50.1 3645 1500 OS 070298 1124 329 074 29 10.0 015 50.1 3628 3652 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070298 1455 329 075 29 10.0 015 50.0 3642 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070298 1723 330 076 29 10.0 016 12.1 3658 3683 NB4 - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070298 2004 330 -9 29 10.1 016 12.2 3659 1500 OS 070298 2110 330 077 29 10.0 016 12.0 3659 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9 070298 2341 331 078 29 10.0 016 34.0 3705 3733 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070398 0228 331 -9 29 10.0 016 34.0 3705 989 MUV 070398 0327 331 -9 29 10.0 016 34.0 3705 1500 OS 070398 0431 331 -9 29 10.0 016 34.0 3705 1967 MUV 070398 0616 331 079 29 10.0 016 34.0 3706 301 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 070398 0700 331 -9 29 10.0 016 34.0 3723 500 MN 070398 0749 331 -9 29 10.0 016 34.0 3724 100 PN 070398 0949 332 -9 29 10.1 016 55.0 3839 1000 GoFlo 070398 1106 332 080 29 10.0 016 55.0 3854 3862 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070398 1350 332 -9 29 10.0 016 55.0 3838 987 MUV 070398 1450 332 -9 29 10.0 016 55.0 3838 1500 OS 070398 1600 332 081 29 10.0 016 55.2 3839 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070398 1635 332 -9 29 10.0 016 55.0 3838 1968 MUV 070398 2001 333 082 29 10.0 017 17.0 3934 3946 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070398 2251 333 -9 29 10.0 017 17.0 3916 987 MUV 070398 2350 333 -9 29 10.0 017 17.0 3915 1500 OS 070498 0056 333 083 29 10.0 017 17.0 3933 299 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070498 0135 333 -9 29 10.0 017 17.0 3916 1968 MUV 070498 0322 333 084 29 10.0 017 17.0 3916 2976 NB4 - R -, substandard 070498 0718 334 085 29 10.0 017 40.0 3788 3813 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070498 1008 334 -9 29 10.0 017 40.0 3785 1500 OS 070498 1122 334 086 29 10.2 017 40.0 3791 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070498 1346 335 -9 29 10.2 018 00.3 3771 2782 GoFlo 070498 1616 335 087 29 10.1 018 00.0 3696 3725 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070498 1937 335 -9 29 10.0 018 00.2 3695 989 MUV 070498 2034 335 -9 29 10.1 018 00.1 3698 1500 OS 070498 2141 335 088 29 10.0 018 00.2 3696 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070498 2225 335 -9 29 10.0 018 00.0 3694 2000 MUV 070598 0219 336 089 29 28.5 018 00.0 4203 4242 NB4 - R A - 1 - - 4 - 6 7 - - 070598 0527 336 -9 29 28.5 018 00.0 4205 1500 OS 070598 0633 336 090 29 28.5 018 00.0 4205 302 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - - 070598 0733 336 -9 29 28.5 018 00.0 4204 4235 FSI, test on 12x12 l rosette 070598 1247 337 091 29 47.0 018 00.0 4413 4391 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070598 1559 337 -9 29 47.0 018 00.0 4369 1500 OS 070598 1726 337 -9 29 47.0 018 00.0 4371 500 MN 070598 1816 337 092 29 47.1 018 00.0 4372 304 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 070598 1854 337 -9 29 47.0 018 00.0 -9 100 PN 070598 2202 338 093 30 15.0 018 00.0 4483 4541 NB4 - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070698 0121 338 -9 30 15.1 018 00.1 4492 1500 OS 070698 0239 338 094 30 15.0 018 00.1 4494 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9 Table 7.1 (continued) Comments / Parameter index ----------------------------- Date Time St Pr Latitude Longitude Wd Wl Inst F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UTC UTC North West - not attached / sampled MMDDYY hhmm GG MM.M GGG MM.M [m] [m] parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 070698 0611 339 095 30 45.0 018 00.0 4542 4582 NB4 - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070698 1007 339 -9 30 45.2 018 00.1 4544 1500 OS 070698 1119 339 096 30 45.2 018 00.0 4543 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 7 - 9 070698 1509 340 -9 31 15.1 018 00.0 4576 1000 GoFlo 070698 1624 340 097 31 15.0 018 00.0 4577 4608 NB4 - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070698 1944 340 -9 31 15.1 018 00.2 4577 1500 OS 070698 2100 340 098 31 15.1 018 00.1 4577 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9 070798 0101 341 099 31 45.0 018 00.0 4555 4603 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070798 0423 341 -9 31 45.0 018 00.0 4554 1500 OS 070798 0529 341 100 31 45.0 018 00.0 4555 300 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9 070798 0917 342 101 32 15.0 018 00.0 4424 4473 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070798 1245 342 -9 32 15.0 018 00.0 4425 976 MUV 070798 1349 342 -9 32 15.2 018 00.0 4425 1500 OS 070798 1500 342 102 32 15.1 018 00.0 4424 301 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070798 1834 343 103 32 15.0 017 25.0 4222 4264 NB4 - R A - 1 2 - 4 - 6 7 - - 070798 2136 343 -9 32 15.0 017 25.0 4222 1000 MUV 070798 2232 343 -9 32 15.0 017 25.0 4221 1500 OS 070798 2345 343 104 32 15.0 017 24.9 4221 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 - 4 5 6 - - 9 070898 0330 344 105 32 15.0 016 50.0 3580 3603 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070898 0610 344 -9 32 15.0 016 50.0 3580 988 MUV 070898 0709 344 -9 32 15.0 016 50.0 3581 1500 OS 070898 0821 344 106 32 14.9 016 49.9 3578 300 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070898 1235 345 -9 32 15.0 016 10.0 4302 1000 GoFlo 070898 1350 345 107 32 15.0 016 10.0 4303 4345 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070898 1651 345 -9 32 15.0 016 10.0 4303 993 MUV 070898 1753 345 -9 32 14.6 016 10.3 4303 1500 OS sss 070898 1904 345 108 32 14.1 016 10.6 4335 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070898 1943 345 -9 32 14.1 016 10.8 4331 95 GoFlo 070898 2315 346 109 32 15.0 015 40.1 4353 4397 NB4 - R A - 1 - - 4 5 6 7 - - 070998 0508 347 110 32 15.0 015 10.0 4366 4414 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070998 0815 347 -9 32 15.0 015 10.0 4366 1500 OS 070998 0922 347 111 32 15.0 015 10.0 4367 300 NB4 - R - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 070998 1235 348 112 32 15.0 014 40.0 4362 4408 NB4 - R A - 1 - - 4 5 6 7 - - 070998 1819 349 -9 32 15.0 014 10.0 4334 1009 GoFlo 070998 1928 349 113 32 15.0 014 10.0 4334 4375 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 070998 2238 349 -9 32 15.0 014 10.0 4334 992 MUV 070998 2340 349 -9 32 15.0 014 10.0 4325 1500 OS 071098 0054 349 114 32 15.0 014 10.0 4336 301 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 071098 0646 350 115 32 15.0 013 10.0 3998 4032 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 071098 0946 350 -9 32 15.0 013 10.0 3999 1500 OS 071098 1056 350 116 32 15.0 013 10.0 4002 301 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 071098 1620 351 117 32 15.0 012 10.0 3385 3406 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 071098 1903 351 -9 32 15.0 012 10.0 3384 990 MUV 071098 2000 351 -9 32 15.0 012 10.0 3385 1500 OS 071098 2111 351 -9 32 15.0 012 10.1 3385 1969 MUV 071098 2301 351 118 32 15.0 012 10.0 3386 301 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 071198 0330 352 119 32 15.0 011 25.0 3340 3368 NB4 - R A 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 071198 0605 352 -9 32 15.0 011 25.0 3340 1500 OS 071198 0712 352 120 32 15.0 011 25.0 3340 300 NB4 - R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - 9 071198 0754 -9 -9 32 15.1 011 25.0 3350 -9 NOAA drifter launched 071198 1057 353 121 32 15.0 010 50.0 3239 3256 NB4 - R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 071198 1323 353 -9 32 15.0 010 50.0 3240 988 MUV 071198 1425 353 -9 32 14.7 010 50.0 3244 1500 OS 071198 1535 353 -9 32 15.0 010 50.0 3239 1969 MUV 071198 1718 353 122 32 15.0 010 50.0 3239 303 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 071198 1757 353 -9 32 15.0 010 50.0 3242 100 PN 071198 2017 354 -9 32 10.0 010 29.0 2778 1000 GoFlo 071198 2129 354 123 32 10.0 010 29.0 2772 2771 NB4 F R A, no samples 071198 2344 354 -9 32 10.0 010 29.0 2791 1500 OS 071298 0055 354 -9 32 10.0 010 29.0 2791 100 PN 071298 0118 354 124 32 10.0 010 29.0 2776 2775 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 071298 0524 355 125 32 05.0 010 10.0 1482 1477 NB4 F R A - 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - - 071298 0645 355 -9 32 05.0 010 10.0 1484 988 MUV 071298 0743 355 -9 32 05.0 010 10.0 1478 1460 OS 071298 0855 355 126 32 05.0 010 10.0 1477 304 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 071298 0933 355 -9 32 05.0 010 10.0 1478 100 PN 071298 1112 356 -9 32 03.0 009 55.5 829 807 GoFlo 071298 1228 356 127 32 03.0 009 55.5 863 886 NB4 F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 071298 1335 356 -9 32 03.0 009 55.5 888 813 MUV 071298 1429 356 -9 32 02.8 009 55.7 1014 990 OS sss 071298 1523 356 -9 32 02.8 009 55.7 1071 500 MN 071298 1615 356 -9 32 02.7 009 55.8 1086 100 PN 071298 1710 357 128 32 02.0 009 52.0 113 108 NB4 F R - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 071298 1737 357 -9 32 02.0 009 52.0 116 106 OS 071298 1753 357 -9 32 02.0 009 52.0 121 100 PN Table 7.1 (continued) Comments / Parameter index ---------------------------------------- Date Time St Pr Latitude Longitude Wd Wl Inst F R A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UTC UTC North West - not attached / sampled MMDDYY hhmm GG MM.M GGG MM.M [m] [m] parameters 0 to 9 see SAMPLE.DOC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 071498 0838 358 -9 37 29.3 009 37.7 1739 -9 C4 start positioning of mooring C4 071498 1001 358 -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9 C4 release confirmed; range=1626 m 071498 1005 358 -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9 C4 release confirmed; range=1625 m 071498 1010 358 -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9 C4 release confirmed; range=1627 m 071498 1013 358 -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9 C4 mooring not recovered 071498 1112 359 -9 37 29.77 009 29.85 1289 -9 C3 mooring recovered 071498 1816 360 -9 38 23.88 009 52.80 -9 -9 C6 mooring recovered 071498 2042 361 -9 38 30.36 009 51.12 1802 -9 C5 several release command not confirmed 071598 0420 358 -9 37 30.12 009 37.75 1696 -9 C4 2 dredge trials around C4 not successful 071698 0600 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 Port of Lisboa, end of M42/1 Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357 Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 7-salinity d,u,b 15N H HPLC M Humin O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC T,U TN,TON X (DOM) Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 260/1 | 261/2 | 264/3 | 265/4 | 266/5 | 267/6 | 268/7 | 269/8 | dbar|(1000 m)|(3607 m)|(3613 m)|(4228 m)|(4360 m)|(4146 m)|(3624 m)|(1060 m)| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8| | | |--u-----| |--u-----| | | 10| |-5----Q-| | | | | |-5------| 20| | | |--u-----| | | | | 25| |-5----Q-|-7------| | | | |-5------| 39| | | |--u-----| | | | | 50| |-5----Q-|-7------| |37dMOPTU| | |-5------| 53| | | |--u-----| | | | | 75| |-5----Q-| | | | | |-5------| 83| | | |--u-----| |--u-----| | | 93| | | |--u-----| |--u-----| | | 100| |-5----Q-| | | | | |-5------| 116| | | |--u-----| |--u-----| | | 125| | | | | | | | | 150| | | | | | | |-5------| 200| |-5----Q-|-7d-OPTU| |37dMOPTU| | |-5------| 300| |------Q-| | | | | | | 400| | | | | | | | | 500| |------Q-| | | | | | | 600| | | | | | | | | 700| | |-7d-OPTU| |37dMOPTU| | | | 750| | | | | | | | | 800| | | | | | | | | 850| | | | | | | | | 900| | | | | | | | | 1000| | |-7d-OPTU| | | | | | 1100| | | | | | | | | 1200| | | | |37dMOPTU| | | | 1300| | | | | | | | | 1500| | | | |37-M----| | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| | |-7d-OPTU| |37dMOPTU| | | | 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | |37dMOPTU| | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | |-7d-OPTU| |37dMOPTU| | | | 3300| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | |37dMOPTU| | | | 4000| | | | |37dMOPTU| | | | Botm| | | | |37dMOPTU| | | | Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357 Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 7-salinity d,u,b 15N H HPLC M Humin O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC T,U TN,TON X (DOM) Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 270/9 | 271/10 | 272/11 | 273/12 | 277/13 | 278/14 | 279/15 | 280/16 | dbar|(3605 m)|(3615 m)|(3623 m)|(1017 m)| (909 m)|(1196 m)|(1283 m)|(1335 m)| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8| | | |--u-----| | | | | 10|-5------| |-7------| | |-7------|-7------|-7------| 20| | | |--u-----| | | | | 25| | | | | | | | | 39| | | |--u-----| | | | | 50| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 53| | | |--u-----| | | | | 75|-5------| | | | | | | | 83| | | |--u-----| | | | | 93| | | |--u-----| | | | | 100|-5------| | | | | | | | 116| | | |--u-----| | | | | 125| | | | | | | | | 150| | | | | | | | | 200| |3-d----X| | | | | | | 300| | | | | | | | | 400| |3-d----X| | | | | | | 500| | | | | | | | | 600| |3-d----X| | | | | | | 700| | | | | | | | | 750| | | | | | | | | 800| |3-d----X| | | | | | | 850| | | | | | | | | 900| | | | | | | | | 1000| | |-7------| | | | | | 1100| |3-d----X| | | | | | | 1200| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 1300| | | | | | | | | 1500| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| |3-d----X|-7------| | | | | | 2250| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 2500| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| |3-d----X|-7------| | | | | | 3300| |3-dOPTUX| | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | Botm| |3-dOPTUX|-7------| | |-7------|-7------|-7------| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357 Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 7-salinity d,u,b 15N H HPLC M Humin O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC T,U TN,TON X (DOM) Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 281/17| 282/18 | 286/19 | 287/20 | 288/21 | 289/22 | 290/23 | 291/24 | dbar|(1191 m)|(1056 m)| (816 m)| (629 m)| (102 m)| (106 m)| (169 m)| (252 m)| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8|-7u-----| | | | | | | | 10| |-7------|-7------|-57-----|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------| 20| | | | | | | | | 25| | | |-57-----| | | | | 39|-7u-----| | | | | | | | 50| | | |-57-----| | | | | 53|37u-----| | | | | | | | 75| | | |-5------| | | | | 83|-7u-----| | | | | | | | 93| | | | | | | | | 100|37u-----| | |-5------| | | | | 116| | | | | | | | | 125| | | | | | | | | 150| | | |-5------| | | | | 200|3-------| | | | | | | | 300|3-------| | | | | | | | 400|3-------| | | | | | | | 500|3-------| | | | | | | | 600| | | | | | | | | 700|3-------| | | | | | | | 750| | | | | | | | | 800| | | | | | | | | 850| | | | | | | | | 900| | | | | | | | | 1000|3-------| | | | | | | | 1100|3-------| | | | | | | | 1200| | | | | | | | | 1300| | | | | | | | | 1500| | | | | | | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| | | | | | | | | 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | | | | | | | | 3300| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | Botm|37------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357 Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 7-salinity d,u,b 15N H HPLC M Humin O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC T,U TN,TON X (DOM) Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 292/25 | 293/26 | 294/27 | 296/28 | 297/29 | 298/30 | 299/31 | 300/32 | dbar| (354 m)|(1003 m)|(1274 m)|(1590 m)|(1054 m)|(2245 m)|(3001 m)|(3349 m)| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8| |--u-----| | | | | | | 10|-7------| |-5dOPTUX|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------|-7------| 20| |--u-----| | | | | | | 25| | |-5------| | | | | | 39| |--u-----| | | | | | | 50| | |-5dOPTUX| | | | | | 53| |--u-----| | | | | | | 75| | |-5------| | | | | | 83| |--u-----| | | | | | | 93| | | | | | | | | 100| | |-5dOPTUX| | | | | | 116| | | | | | | | | 125| | |-5------| | | | | | 150| | |-5------| | | | | | 200| | |-5dOPTUX| | | | | | 300| | |--dOPTUX| | | | | | 400| | |--dOPTUX| | | | | | 500| | |--dOPTUX| | | | | | 600| | |4-dOPTUX| | | | | | 700| | |4-dOPTUX| | | | | | 750| | |4-------| | | | | | 800| | |4-dOPTUX| | | | | | 850| | |4-------| | | | | | 900| | |4-dOPTUX| | | | | | 1000| | |4-dOPTUX| | | | | | 1100| | |--dOPTUX| | | | | | 1200| | |--dOPTUX| | | | | | 1300| | | | | | | | | 1500| | | | | | | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| | | | | |-7------|-7------|-7------| 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | | | | | | | | 3300| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | Botm|-7------| |--dOPTUX|-7------|-7------| | | | Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1, Stat. 260 to 357 Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 7-salinity d,u,b 15N H HPLC M Humin O,P,Q TC,TOC,POC T,U TN,TON X (DOM) Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 301/33 | 302/34 | 303/35 | 304/36 | 305/37 | | | | dbar|(3517 m)|(3564 m)|(3625 m)|(3613 m)|(3590 m)| | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8| | | | | | | | | 10|-7------|-7------| |01--4--7|-7------| | | | 20| | | | | | | | | 25| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 39| | | | | | | | | 50| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 53| | | | | | | | | 75| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 83| | | | | | | | | 93| | | | | | | | | 100| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 116| | | | | | | | | 125| | | | | | | | | 150| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 200| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 300| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 400| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 500| | | | | | | | | 600| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 700| | | | | | | | | 750| | | | | | | | | 800| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 850| | | | | | | | | 900| | | | | | | | | 1000| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 1100| | | | | | | | | 1200| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 1300| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 1500| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 1800| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 2000|-7------|-7------| |01--4--7|-7------| | | | 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 2800| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 3000| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 3300| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | |01--4--7| | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | Botm| | | | | | | | | ************************************************************* Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 307/39 | 308/40 | 309/41 | 310/42 | 311/43 | 312/44 | 313/45 | 314/46,47| dbar| (102 m) | (104 m) | (180 m) | (252 m) | (366 m) | (623 m) | (800 m) | (1060 m) | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________| | |__________|__________|__________| |__________| 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 20| | | | | | | | | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 40| | | | | | | | | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 60| | | | | | | | | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 80| | | | | | | | | 100| | |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 125| | |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 150| | |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 175| | | | | | | | | 200| | | |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 225| | | | | | | | | 250| | | | |__________|__________|__________|__________| 275| | | | | | | | | 300| | | | |__________|__________|__________|__________| 400| | | | | |__________|__________|__________| 500| | | | | |__________|__________|__________| 600| | | | | |__________|__________|__________| 700| | | | | | | |__________| 800| | | | | | |__________|__________| 900| | | | | | | |__________| 1000| | | | | | | |__________| 1150| | | | | | | | | 1200| | | | | | | | | 1300| | | | | | | | | 1500| | | | | | | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| | | | | | | | | 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | 4250| | | | | | | | | Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 315/48,49| 316/50,51| 317/52,53| 318/54,55| 319/56 | 320/57,58| 321/59,60| 322/61,62| dbar| (1019 m) | (1260 m) | (1290 m) | (1192 m) | (890 m) | (1001 m) | (1880 m) | (2100 m) | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 20| | | | | | |__________| | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 40| | | | | | |__________| | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 60| | | | | | |__________| | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 80| | | | | | |__________| | 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 175| | | | | | |__________| | 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 225| | | | | | |__________| | 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 275| | | | | | |__________| | 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | | 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 700|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | | 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 900|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________| | | 1000|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________|__________| 1150| |__________|__________|__________| | |__________|__________| 1200| |__________|__________| | | | | | 1300| | | | | | |__________|__________| 1500| | | | | | |__________|__________| 1800| | | | | | |__________|__________| 2000| | | | | | | |__________| 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | 4250| | | | | | | | | Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 323/63,64| 324/65,66| 325/67,68| 326/69,70| 327/71,72| 328/73 | 329/74,75| 330/76,77| dbar| (2967 m) | (2980 m) | (3525 m) | (3601 m) | (3632 m) | (3639 m) | (3647 m) | (3676 m)| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 20| | | | |__________| | | | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 40| | | | |__________| | | | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 60| | | | |__________| | | | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 80| | | | |__________| | | | 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 175| | | | |__________| | | | 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 225| | | | |__________| | | | 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 275| | | | |__________| | | | 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 500| | | | | | | | | 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 700| | | | | | | | | 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 900| | |__________|__________| open | |__________|__________| 1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 1200| | |__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 2800| | |__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 3000| |__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 3500| | |__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 4000| | | | | | | | | 4250| | | | | | | | | Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 331/78,79| 332/80,81| 333/82-84| 334/85,86| 335/87,88| 336/89,90| 337/91,92| 338/93,94| dbar| (3723 m) | (3856 m) | (3938 m) | (3794 m) | (3720 m) | (4224 m) | (4388 m) | (4517 m) | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________| | 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 20| | | | |__________| | | | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 40| | | | |__________| | | | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 60| | | | |__________| | | | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 80| | | | |__________| | | | 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 175| | | | |__________| | | | 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 225| | | | |__________| | | | 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 275| | | | |__________| | | | 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 500| | | | | | | | | 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 700| | | | | | | | | 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 900|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 3000|__________|__________|__________|__________| open |__________|__________|__________| 3500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 4000| | | | | |__________|__________|__________| 4250| | | | | | |__________|__________| Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres| 339/95,96| 340/97,98|341/99,100|342/101,-2|343/103,-4|344/105,-6|345/107,-8| 346/109 | dbar| (4568 m) | (4594 m) | (4566 m) | (4438 m) | (4236 m) | (3597 m) | (4320 m) | (4353 m) | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 20| | | | | | | | | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 40| | | | | | | | | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 60| | | | | | | | | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 80| | | | | | | | | 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 125|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 175| | | | | | | | | 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 225| | | | | | | | | 250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 275| | | | | | | | | 300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 500| | | | | | | | | 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 700| | | | | | | | | 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 900|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1150|__________| open |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 3000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 3500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 4000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| |__________|__________| 4250| open |__________|__________|__________| | |__________| | Botm| open |__________| open |__________|__________| open |__________| open | Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres|347/110,11| 348/112 |349/113,14|350/115,16|351/117,18|352/119,20|353/121,22| 354/124 | dbar| (4366 m) | (4362 m) | (4334 m) | (4000 m) | (3385 m) | (3342 m) | (3234 m) | (2791 m) | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 10|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 20| | | | | | | | | 25|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 40| | | | | | | | | 50|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 60| | | | | | | | | 75|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 80| | | | | | | | | 100|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 125|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 175| | | | | | | | | 200|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 225| | | | | | | | | 250|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 275| | | | | | | | | 300|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|| 400|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 500| | | | | | | | | 600|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 700| | | | | | | | | 800|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|| 900|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1150|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1200|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1300|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 1800|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2250|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 2500|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| 2800|__________| |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 3000|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| | 3500|__________|__________|__________|__________| | | | | 4000|__________|__________|__________|__________| | | | | 4250| open | |__________| | | | | | Botm|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________| open |__________| Table 7.2: Sampling M42/1 (continued) Samples: 0-Gelbstoff 1-oxygen 2-tracers 3-DOC 4-nutrients 5-chlorophyll 6-bio-optics 7-salinity 8-diatoms 9-coccolithophorids Station/cast (water depth) -------------------------- Pres|355/125,26| 356/127 | 357/128 | | | | | | dbar| (1492 m) | (864 m) | (114 m) | | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Bukt|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 10|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 20| | | | | | | | | 25|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 40| | | | | | | | | 50|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 60| | | | | | | | | 75|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 80| | | | | | | | | 100|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | 125|__________|__________| | | | | | | 150|__________|__________| | | | | | | 175| | | | | | | | | 200|__________|__________| | | | | | | 225| | | | | | | | | 250|__________|__________| | | | | | | 275| | | | | | | | | 300|__________|__________| | | | | | | 400|__________|__________| | | | | | | 500| |__________| | | | | | | 600|__________|__________| | | | | | | 700| |__________| | | | | | | 800|__________|__________| | | | | | | 900|__________| | | | | | | | 1000|__________| | | | | | | | 1150|__________| | | | | | | | 1200|__________| | | | | | | | 1300|__________| | | | | | | | 1500| | | | | | | | | 1800| | | | | | | | | 2000| | | | | | | | | 2250| | | | | | | | | 2500| | | | | | | | | 2800| | | | | | | | | 3000| | | | | | | | | 3500| | | | | | | | | 4000| | | | | | | | | 4250| | | | | | | | | Botm|__________|__________|__________| | | | | | Table 7.3 GeoB Station List METEOR M42/1a GeoB |Meteor|Date |Equipment |Time |Latitude|Longitude|Depth|Comments # | # |1998 | | | | | (m) | ------|------|-----|----------|-----|--------|---------|-----|---------------------------- 5401-1| 260 |16.06|KWS/CTD |15:15|28°30,97|15°23,42 | |water for traps 5402-1| 261 |16.06|Trap I-1 |20:56|29°14,35|15°25,13 |3606 |Trap I-1 deployed 5402-2| 261 |16.06|Trap III-1| |29°14,06|15°26,02 |3606 |Trap III-1 (200, 300, 500 m) | | | | | | | | deployed 5402-3| 261 |16.06|KWS/CTD |16:56|29°14,10|15°26,26 |3606 |500, 300, 200, 100, 75, 50, 25, | | | | | | | | 10m POC | | | | | | | |200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 25, | | | | | | | | 10m Chl 5403-1| 264 |17.06|KWS/CTD |16:06|29°10,12|15°29.68 |3613 |Dilution-experiment, | | | | | | | | 3000, 2000, 1000, 700, 200m | | | | | | | | d15N, TN, TC, TON, TOC 5404-1| 265 |18.06|KWS/CTD |04:38|29°39.84|17°38.83 |4230 |116, 93, 83, 53, 39, 21, | | | | | | | | 8m 15N-uptake 5405-1| 266 |18.06|KWS/CTD |14:35|29°44,98|18°0,35 |4360 |4446, 4000, 3500, 2500, 2000, | | | | | | | |1500, 1200, 700, 200, | | | | | | | | 50m, d15N, TN, TC, TON, TOC 5405-2| 266 |19.06|KWS-Chemie| |29°45,5 |18°1,33 |4364 |200, 125, 100, 75, 30, 15, | | | | | | | | 10m Chl 5406-1| 267 |19.06|KWS/CTD |04:32|29°36,44|17°25.86 |4146 |114, 92, 83, 6m, 15N-uptake | | | | | | | | 6m 15N-nutrient experiment 5407-1| 268 |19.06|KWS/CTD |12:35|29°02.59|15°50.83 |3624 |water for traps 5408-1| 269 |19.06|Trap I-1 |14:50|29°04.10|15°29.20 | |Trap I-1 recovered, trap and | | | | | | | | current-meter lost 5408-2| 269 |19.06|Trap III-1| |29°14,06|15°33,90 | |Trap III-1 recovered 5408-3| 269 |19.06|KWS/CTD | |29°14,49|15°33,78 |3614 |200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, | | | | | | | | 10m, Chl | | | | | | | |100, 75, 50, 25, 10m, HPLC 5409-1| 270 |19.06|Trap III-2|18:40|29°14,92|15°24,83 |3604 |Trap III-2 deployed 5409-2| 270 |19.06|KWS/CTD | |29°14,78|15°24,68 |3605 |Dilution-experiment | | | | | | | | 100, 75, 50, 25, 10m, Chl 5410-1| 271 |20.06|KWS/CTD |00:08|29°09,50|15°30,65 |3615 |3663, 3300, 3000, 2500, 2000, | | | | | | | | 1500, 1200, 1 100 , 800, | | | | | | | | 600, 400, 200, 50m, d15N, TN, | | | | | | | | TC, TON, TOC 5411-1| 273 |21.06|KWS/CTD |04:27|28°42,98|13°17,07 |1017 |116, 93, 83, 53, 39, 21, | | | | | | | | 8m 15N-uptake 5412-1| 274 |21.06|EBC2-2 |05:10|28°41,9 |13°10,2 | |particle trap recovered 5413-1| 281 |22.06|KWS/CTD |05:03|28°43,75|13°21,07 |1191 |83, 53, 39, | | | | | | | | 8m 13C- and 15N-uptake 5414-1| 284 |22.06|EBC3-2 |11:20| | | |particle trap recovered, | | | | | | | | trap did not rotate 5415-1| 286 |22.06|KWS/CTD |17:22|28°40,97|13°06,02 |816 |Dilution -experiment | | | | | | | | 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 10m Chl | | | | | | | | d15N-Blank 5416-1| 293 |23.06|KWS/CTD |05:17|28°43,04|13°17,07 |1093 |83, 53, 39, 21, | | | | | | | | 8m 15N-uptake 5417-1| 294 |23.06|EBC3-3 |07:30|28°44,0 |13°19,1 |1310 |500, 700m particle traps | | | | | | | | deployed 5417-2| 294 |23.06|KWS | |28°45,19|13°19,1 |1274 |1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, | | | | | | | | 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 3 0 | | | | | | | | 0, 200, 95, 50, 10m d15N, TN, | | | | | | | | TC, TON, TOC 200, 150, 125, | | | | | | | | 95, 75, 50, 25, 10m Chl 5418-1| 300 |24.06|KWS/CTD |02:02|28°58,04|14°33,00 |3349 |15N-uptake 5419-1| 303 |24.06|Trap III-2|12:45|29°17,0 |15°40,9 |3604 |Trap III-2 recovered 5419-2| 303 |24.06|KWS/CTD | |29°17,91|15°40,96 |3625 |500, 300, 200, 150, 100, 75, | | | | | | | | 50, 25, 10m POC | | | | | | | | 200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, | | | | | | | | 10m Chl 5420-1| 304 |24.06|KWS/CTD |19:06|29°10,03|15°30,07 |3613 |ESTOC-Station June 1998 | | | | | | | | O2, nutrients, Gelbstoff, | | | | | | | | metals, salinity Chl<200m 8. 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