A. Cruise Narrative: P13 A.1 Highlights WHP Cruise Summary Information WOCE section designation P13 Expedition designation (EXPOCODE) 3220CGC92_0, 3220CGC92_1, 3220CGC92_2 Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation John L. Bullister/NOAA-PMEL* Legs 0-1 Bruce Taft/NOAA-PMEL (retired)** Leg 2 Dates Leg 0: 1992.AUG.04 - 1992.AUG.14 Leg 1: 1992.AUG.15 - 1992.SEP.15 Leg 2: 1992.SEP.25 - 1992.OCT.21 Ship R/V John Vickers Ports of call Leg 0: Transit from Los Angeles- Dutch Harbor, Alaska Leg 1: Dutch Harbor- Kwajalein Leg 2: Kwajalein- Noumea, New Caledonia Number of stations 87 54° 14.71' N Geographic boundaries of the stations 161° 61' E 165° 22.54' E 4° 44.99' S Floats and drifters deployed 17 RAFOS floats and 1 RAFOS sound source deployed 11 ALACE floats deployed Moorings deployed or recovered none Contributing Authors: Kirk Hargreaves, D. Greeley, E. Howard Rutherford, J. Bullister, Michio Robert David Wisegarver. M. Key, Paul D. Quay. K.E. McTaggart, G.C. Johnson, B.A. Taft, M. AOYAMA, George Anderson *Chief Scientist Legs 0 & 1 **Chief Scientist Leg 2 NOAA-PMEL, Building #3 NOAA-PMEL, Building #3 7600 Sand Point Way, NE 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Seattle, WA 98115 USA Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Internet: taft@pmel.noaa.gov Phone (206)526-6741 Fax: (206)526-6744 A.2 CRUISE SUMMARY A.2.A GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES A.2.B STATIONS OCCUPIED Figure 2 shows the stations occupied. Station number 60 was aborted and is not represented in this figure. The P13 section began at 54 14.7 N, 161 06.6 E and moved southeastward to 51 30 N 165 E. The section then proceeded southward to 4 44.9 S 164 00.2 E. Nominal station spacing north of 36 N was 30 nautical miles. Because of ship malfunctions and delays, insufficient time was available to complete the section as planned, and station spacing increased south of 30 N (see discussion below). 87 Stations/CTD casts were completed, including 4 on the transit Leg 0, 51 on Leg 1 and 22 on Leg 2. Only small volume (10 liter and 2.4 liter) sample bottles were used. Approximately number of water samples analyzed: 2685 salinity 2572 oxygen 2608 nutrients 1728 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 1270 Total CO2 1265 Alkalinity Approximate number of water samples collected for shore-based analysis: 761 Helium-3 296 Tritium 778 AMS radiocarbon (C-14) and C-13 A.2.C FLOATS AND DRIFTERS DEPLOYED 17 RAFOS floats and 1 RAFOS sound source were deployed. 11 ALACE floats were deployed. 17 ADCP profiles were obtained at stations between 4 N - 4 S using a rosette mounted lowered ADCP instrument. A.2.D MOORINGS DEPLOYED OR RECOVERED A.3 LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS Table 1: List of Principal Investigators Measurement PI Inst. Internet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CTD B. Taft PMEL taft@pmel.noaa.gov CFCs J. Bullister PMEL bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Tritium W. Jenkins WHOI wjj@burford.whoi.edu Helium-3 W. Jenkins WHOI wjj@burford.whoi.edu Helium-3 (deep) J. Lupton PMEL lupton@@pmel.noaa.gov Oxygen J. Bullister PMEL bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Total CO2 A. Dickson SIO adickson@ucsd.edu Total CO2 J. Downing Bat Alkalinity C. Keeling SIO cdkeeling@ucsd.edu nutrients K. Fanning USF KAF@MSL1.Marine.USF.edu DIC P. Quay UW pdquay@u.washington.edu C14 (AMS) and C-13 P. Quay UW pdquay@u.washington.edu ADCP R. Pinkel SIO rpinkel@ucsd.edu ADCP (Lowered) P. Hacker UH hacker@soest.hawaii.edu RAFOS floats/sound source S. Riser UW riser@ocean.washington.edu ALACE Floats R. Davis SIO davis@nemo.ucsd.edu Underway atmospheric and J. Butler CMDL butler@cmdl1.cmdl.noaa.gov /dissolved gas measurements PMEL NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory CMDL NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory UW University of Washington Bat Battelle Laboratory, Sequim UH University of Hawaii SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution USF University of South Florida AS Academia Sinica - People's Republic of China A.4 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME AND METHODS LEG 0: Leg 0 of the CGC92 expedition consisted of a transit from Los Angeles to Dutch Harbor, with 4 stations occupied along the cruise track to test the CTD/rosette system. One of these stations was a re-occupation of Station 'P' (50 N, 145 W). SIO scientists tested an underway ADCP system along the cruise track. LEG 1: Leg 1 consisted of 51 stations (Sta. 5-55). The first station on this leg (Station 5) was a test CTD/rosette cast made in the Bering Sea, along the transit from Dutch Harbor to the start of the P13 line near the Kamchatka Peninsula. Sampling of the P13 section began on 21 August 1992 near the 200 meter isobath off Kamchatka. A series of stations were occupied on a southeastward transit down the continental slope and across the Kamchatka Trench. The section turned directly southward at about 51 30 N, 165 E, and continued along the 165 E meridian for the remainder of Leg 1. A RAFOS sound source was deployed at 31 N, 165 E. Nominal station spacing was 30 nautical miles from the start of the section to about 40 N. Due to a series of delays during the first part of Leg 1 (see discussion below) a decision was made at about 36 N to stretch nominal station spacing for the remainder of Leg 1 (36 N - 10 N) to 40 nautical miles. Due to concerns about possible structural deformation to Vickers, and concern over failure of a water-tight door to close properly, work on the P13 CTD/rosette section was halted on 9 September 1992 at about 30 N, and Vickers was ordered to steam directly to Kwajalein. We were unable to occupy any stations along the emergency transit to Kwajalein. A total of 17 RAFOS floats and 2 ALACE floats were deployed during Leg 1. LEG 2. Vickers remained at the dock in Kwajalein for an extended period of time for evaluation of structural integrity by two marine architects and for repair. Vickers left Kwajalein on 26 September 1992 and began steaming back to the break-off point to continue work on the P13 section. Contact was made with TOGA-COARE investigators (the group scheduled to use Vickers following the completion of the P13 section) to negotiate an extension for Leg 2, which would allow us a reasonable chance to complete the P13 section. After direct negotiations with TOGA-COARE investigators over the revised Vickers schedule, we were unable to come up with a mutually satisfactory agreement. The position held by TOGA-COARE at the end of these negotiations (requiring Vickers to be in port in Noumea on 21 October 1992) did not allow us enough time to complete the WOCE P13 section to even minimum WHP specifications. Since an agreement could not be reached between the 2 programs, the final decision was made by the Director of NOAA's Office of Global Programs, who sent instructions to USC that Vickers should arrive in Noumea on 21 October for TOGA-COARE staging. With the remaining allocated time, Vickers occupied CTD/rosette stations at a nominal spacing of about 2 degrees from 28 N to 4 N, and closer spacing from 4 N to 4 30 S. Lowered ADCP measurements were made on stations between 4 N and 4 S. The section was terminated on 17 October 1992 at 4 45 S 164 0 E in order to arrive in Noumea by the 21 October deadline. A total of 32 stations (Sta 56-88) were occupied during Leg 2 (one station Sta. 60 was aborted and not included in the listings). A total of 9 ALACE floats were deployed during Leg 2. DISCUSSION: A NOAA-PMEL designed 36 position, 10-liter rosette frame was used at 84 of the 88 stations on the expedition. A smaller 12-position, 2.4 liter rosette was used as a bad-weather backup system at several stations during the cruise. A General Oceanics (GO) 36 'Intelligent' underwater array (pylon) and deck unit were used with the PMEL 36 position system, along with a Neil Brown MARK III CTD (NBIS serial # 1111). We feel that the new 36 position PMEL rosette package performed well on this expedition. The newly-designed General Oceanics 36 position 'Intelligent' underwater array also performed relatively well. The GO system provides real-time information on the position of the release lever, and allows bottles to be closed in any order desired. Although a bottle (or two) often failed to close properly during casts due to 'sticky' release pins on the GO underwater array, these problems could normally be diagnosed immediately from information sent from the underwater array to the deck unit. This information gave the CTD operator the option of choosing to release another bottle at that depth if desired. Overall, the success rate achieved for closing 10-liter bottles with this new system was about 95%. A.5 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED We encountered a number of problems which led to delays while at sea, and longer-than-planned port stops. Delays were encountered leaving port in Los Angeles (1.5 days), during an emergency port stop in Port Huaneme, CA (1 day), and extended port stops in Dutch Harbor (2 days) and Kwajalein (8 days). Time was lost due to slowdowns along the cruise track because of ship mechanical problems and weather. Additional time was lost on station due to conducting cable and wire termination problems. There were problems with logging bottom depth using the shipboard PDR system. At several stations (28, 48, 53, 61) no reliable PDR bottom return could be obtained during the casts, and UNC values for these stations are not shown in the P13.sum file. Estimates of UNC bottom depths for these stations, (for use in showing bottom bathymetry, e.g. as shown in Fig. 2) were made by interpolation to adjacent stations, At a number of other stations, the PDR signal was too weak to be reliably detected upon the approach of the rosette near the bottom, causing such casts to be stopped a hundred meters or more away from the sea bottom for safety purposes. A substantial amount of time was lost (8-10 days) due to the emergency breakoff of the section at 30 N, and the need to return to this point to continue the section on Leg 2. The decision that Vickers would be dropped off in Noumea for the first phase of COARE staging (rather than a port closer to the end point of the abbreviated CTD section, e.g. Honiara) cost additional ship and station time. Due to this series of delays, the expedition extended about 19 days past the originally scheduled completion date of 3 October 1992 in Noumea, yet a substantial number of planned stations were not occupied. We feel that the station spacing achieved along the segment north of 30 N and the section near the equator (4 N- 4 S) met WHP guidelines, and that under normal circumstances, the full P13 section would have been completed successfully during this expedition. Preliminary analysis of the data indicate that they meet WHP quality guidelines for precision and accuracy. For several chemical tracers (e.g.. radiocarbon, helium-tritium, CO2), the total number of samples obtained, and the average horizontal and vertical sample spacing north of 4 S is reasonably close to that originally planned for the expedition (see P13.sea file) We are disappointed with the overall outcome of the expedition. Due to the coarse station spacing between 30 N and 4 N, and the gap in the section south of 4 S, we feel that the expedition DID NOT successfully fulfill the overall requirements for WHP line P13. A.6 OTHER INCIDENTS OF NOTE A.7 LIST OF CRUISE PARTICIPANTS Table 2: List of Cruise Participants NAME NAT AFFIL PROGRAM LEG0|LEG1|LEG2 INTERNET -----------------------------------------------|----|--------------------------- John Bullister US PMEL Chief Sci. x | x | bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Bruce Taft US PMEL Chief Sci. | | x taft@pmel.noaa.gov Dave Wisegarver US PMEL CFCs | x | x wise@pmel.noaa.gov Fred Menzia US PMEL CFCs x | x | menzia@pmel.noaa.gov Dana Greeley US PMEL Salinity | x | x greeley@pmel.noaa.gov Kirk Hargreaves US PMEL Oxygen x | x | x kirh@pmel.noaa.gov Kristy McTaggert US PMEL CTD x | x | x kem@pmel.noaa.gov Mike Stapp US PMEL CTD/electron. x | | stapp@pmel.noaa.gov Kevin O'Brien US PMEL CTD | | x kobrien@pmel.noaa.gov Howard Rutherford US USF nutrients x | x | x HOWARD@msl1.marine.usf.edu | | Kevin Riskowitz US USF nutrients x | x | x Ron Greene US OSU helium/tritium | x | x Andrew Dickson US SIO Total CO2 | | x adickson@ucsd.edu George Anderson US SIO Total CO2 | x | Ron Citterman US Batt Total CO2 | x | x Peter Guenther US SIO Alkalinity | x | pguenther@ucsd.edu Guy Emanuele US SIO Alkalinity | x | x Lloraine Bell US SIO Alkalinity | | x Bing-Sun Lee Taiwan UW CFC x | | blee@pmel.noaa.gov Brian Salem US UW C-13, C-14 | x | Stagg King US UW C-13, C-14 x | | Beth Plotkin US UW CO x | | x Dale Ripley US UW Floats- CTD | x | Karl Newyear US UW Floats- CTD | x | Jim Butler US CMDL trace gases x | | x butler@cmdl1.cmdl.noaa.gov | | Jurgen Lobert Ger CMDL trace gases x | x | x LOBERT@cmdl1.cmdl.erl.gov | | Tom Baring US CMDL trace gases x | x | x Rob Pinkel US SIO ADCP x | | rpinkel@ucsd.edu Eric Slater US SIO ADCP x | | Lloyd Green US SIO ADCP x | | Mike Goldin US SIO ADCP x | | Chris Neely US SIO ADCP x | | Amy Hsu US UCSD ADCP x | | Craig Huhta US UH ADCP | | x Junshun ZHANG PRC AS CFCs x | x | x Lijun HAN PRC AS chemistry x | x | x Jeff Benson US USC Marine Tech x | x | x jbenson@bbsr.edu George Onodera US USC Marine Tech x | x | x Tony Arnold US USC Electron Tech x | x | x Mike Getscher US USC Owner Rep x | | Institution Addresses: ----------------------------------------------- NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USF University of South Florida Department of Marine Science 830 First Street South St. Petersburg, FL. 33702 OSU Oregon State University College of Oceanography Corvallis, OR 97331 SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 92093 UW University of Washington School of Oceanography WB-10 Seattle, WA 98195 NOAA-CMDL 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 UH University of Hawaii JIMAR 1000 Pope Rd MSB-312 Honolulu, HA 96822 AS Academia Sinica Institute of Oceanology 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao, 266071 Shadong Peoples Republic of China B. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS B.1 NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY B.2 ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER (ADCP) Continuous underway ADCP measurements were made along the cruise track. B.3 THERMOSALINOGRAPH AND UNDERWAY DISSOLVED OXYGEN, etc Measurements of surface-layer dissolved gases and atmospheric trace gases (including nitrous oxide and halocarbons) were made along the entire ship-track. B.4 XBT AND XCTD B.5 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS B.6 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY Air samples were collected at approximately 5 degrees intervals for isotopic analysis of carbon monoxide and methane. C. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS C.1. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (Kirk Hargreaves, PMEL.) Oxygen samples were drawn immediately after CFCs and Helium. Calibrated 125ml nominal volume iodine determination flasks (Corning 5400-125) were used for sampling. Flasks were partially filled with sea water, capped, shaken, and emptied three time. Then, sea water was allowed to flow freely through the sampling tube and any air bubbles tapped away. The tube was then pinched off, inserted into the flask, and slowly opened to avoid any turbulence. Once completely opened, a wrist watch was used to time the filling rate (typically 7 seconds). Two more flask volumes were allowed to overflow the flask using the watch as a reference. Reagents were introduced immediately after sampling. The MnCl2 reagent tube was slowly inserted to the bottom of the flask and the reagent introduced. Then the NaOH/NaI reagent tube was inserted halfway into the flask and the reagent introduced. Both reagent dispensers were equipped with Brinkmann Anti-diffusion burette tips (catalog #6.1541.010) to prevent water exchange with the reagents. NOTE: more testing should be done to determine if the burette tips introduced significant mixing of the surface water with the low oxygen water in the flask. The low oxygen data does not indicate any variation which would be expected from such mixing. Reagents were made to WOCE specifications as described by Culberson (1992). Flasks are capped at this point and vigorously shaken. After station 49, distilled water from a squirt bottle was used to seal the caps (before station 49 it was assumed expansion due to heating would maintain the seal. This was incorrect. After at least 20 minutes, the flask would be re-shaken and, after station 49, resealed. Time until re-shake varied from 20 minutes to 2 hours. Samples were analyzed no earlier than 20 minutes and no later than 12 hours after being re-shaken. The samples for an entire station would be acidified, re-stopped and re-shaken. Before titration of a sample, its stopper was removed and washed down. Typically, one or two open flasks would be waiting for titration. The previous three steps are not ideal and probably lead to errors in the oxygen values. Data suggests this is on the order to 0.2 µmol/kg. Titration was done using Carpenter's (1965) whole bottle technique with a modification of the system described by Friederich, et al (1991). A Kloehn 50100 Syringe Drive with a 5 ml burette was used to dispense titrant (nominal 0.05 N) and has a linearity of 0.05%. New software to run the system was written by K. Hargreaves in Turbo C++ with Turbo Vision, but in hindsight it would have been better to use Friederich's software. Standardization was done using approximately 0.01N potassium iodate solutions prepared from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals. Buoyancy and temperature corrections were applied to get the actual standard strength at the time of standardization. Standard was dispensed with a 1ml Lab Industries Repipet with a calibrated delivery accuracy of 0.03% (under ideal conditions). Several different total volumes (typically 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 ml) were used to generated a curve. Also, several 1 ml aliquots were used to ensure a good blank. A linear least squares fit was calculated using the algorithm from "Numerical Recipes in C" (Press, 1988). The normalized chi-squared parameters was used to determine goodness of fit. Each new standard was compared to a reference standard. All except one agreed to within 0.3%. A correction factor was applied to samples run with the standard that did not agree, on the assumption that that standard was improperly weighed. Also, standards were compared to potassium iodate from a different manufacturer. No significant difference was found. From duplicate oxygen samples drawn, the estimated reproducibility is 0.5 µmol/kg. The accuracy of the standardization is estimated to be 0.4%. This is calculated by adding by quadartures the repeatability of the standards (0.3%), the drift in the standardization in half a day (0.25%) and a 0.1% estimate of the accuracy of the standards. The total accuracy is estimated to be 0.4% of value + 0.5 µmol/kg. Oxygen were converted from µmol/l to µmol/kg by dividing by the density of the water at the time of sampling. Water temperature was measured using a Cole- Parmer G-08497-00 Pt-RTD thermometer together with a Sensing Devices GW2107-01 thin film 100 ohm Pt-RTD (not calibrated, however). Density was calculated using the formula in Culberson (1992). Also, the amount of oxygen present in the reagents (0.0017 ml O2 = 0.076 µmol O2, Culberson) was subtracted from the total measured amount of oxygen in the flask. C.2 BOTTLE SALINITY MEASUREMENTS (D. Greeley, PMEL) The salinity analysis aboard R/V John Vickers in the fall of 1992 was determined exclusively with a Guildline 8400 Autosal. This instrument was located in a temperature controlled van located on the aft end of the ship. The van was kept at 20.5 degrees Celsius +/- 1 degree Celsius. The bath of the autosal was kept at 21 degrees and proved to be very stable throughout the cruise. Standardization of the autosal was carried out with IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P114. There were ampoules of standard water which was clearly incorrect by comparison to the other vials and thus were not used. The P114 standard water was also compared to 5 ampoules from another batch of IAPSO water, P90. The results from this comparison agreed favorably with the Scripps comparison done in 1986 (Mantyla, Arnold: Standard Seawater Comparisons Updated, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol. 17, 543-548, 1987). C.3 NUTRIENTS: (E. Howard Rutherford, USF.) All analyses were done with an Alpkem RFA/2 320 autoanalyzer. The methods used were modified from those recommended by the Alpkem Corporation. Working nutrient standards used were a mixture of phosphate, silica, nitrate and nitrite in a low nutrient natural seawater matrix. Simultaneous analyses were run on the RFA/2 for all of these nutrients. SILICA: The technique utilizes the reaction of dissolved silicate with a molybdate solution to produce a silico-molybdate complex which is then reduced by addition of stannous chloride to form an intensely blue-colored molybdenum compound that is measured spectrophotometrically at its absorbance maximum of 815nm. The primary standard used was prepared from pure silicon dioxide fused and dissolved in basic solution. PHOSPHATE: Under acidic conditions orthophosphate reacts with molybdenum (VI) and antimony (III) to form a phosphoantimonyl- molybdenum complex which is subsequently reduced by the addition of ascorbic acid. The mixed valence complex produced by the reduction is measured spectrophotometrically at its absorbance maximum of 880nm. The primary standard was solid KH2PO4 weighed out before the cruise. Nitrite: At pH between 1 and 2 all nitrite undergoes diazotization with sulfanilamide and subsequent coupling with N-1- naphthylethylenediamine. The azo dye formed is measured spectrophotometrically at 540nm. The primary standard was pre- weighed NaNO2. NITRATE+NITRITE: Nitrate present in the sample was reduced to nitrite by cadmium metal in an open tubular cadmium reactor. Nitrate + Nitrite was then measured by the nitrite method described above. The primary nitrate standard was pre-weighed KNO3. PROCEDURE Samples were analyzed as soon as possible after each cast (usually within 2-4 hours). For each chemistry a set of five standards prepared by additions of known amounts of nutrient to a low nutrient sea water was analyzed at the beginning and end of each analytical run. Analytical runs for the 36 bottle rosette cast take about three hours to complete. At least every hour the slope of each standard curve was re-determined by analyzing the low nutrient sea water and an intermediate standard. The analytical blank used in the RFA/2 sample runs (the blank is assumed to contain no analyte for all four chemistries) was de- ionized water produced onboard the R/V Vickers. The voltage resulting from the difference in refractive index between blank and samples was sufficient to influence computed sample concentrations in the phosphate and nitrite analyses. Magnitudes of these corrections were determined nine times during the cruise. Standards and blanks were all run in triplicate and samples in duplicate. Calculations Drift of standard curve slopes has been found to be generally linear with time (see the "Nutrients" section of the WOCE Operations Manual, July 1991, section author Lou Gordon). Slope was re- determined at least every hour and drift between determinations was assumed to be linear. Drift of baseline voltage also was assumed linear for periods up to one hour. Each sample peak height was corrected for refractive index difference between blanks and samples and for baseline and standard curve drifts, assuming linear drift between determinations. C.4. CARBON DATA (AG Dickson, CD Keeling, PR Guenther, and JL Bullister) 2000 This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO2) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations during the R/V John V. Vickers oceanographic cruise in the Pacific Ocean (Section P13). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate and Global Change Program, the cruise began in Los Angeles, California, on August 4, 1992, with a transit line (Leg 0) to Dutch Harbor, Alaska. On August 16, the ship departed Dutch Harbor on Leg 1 of WOCE section P13. On September 15, 1992, the R/V John V. Vickers arrived in Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, for emergency repairs, and after 11 days in port departed for Leg 2 of Section P13 on September 26, 1992. The cruise ended on October 21 in Noumea, New Caledonia. Measurements made along WOCE Section P13 included pressure, temperature, salinity [measured by a conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor (CTD)], bottle salinity, bottle oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), TCO2, and TALK. The TCO2 was measured by coulometry using a Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA). The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was ±2 µmol/kg. Samples collected for TALK were measured by potentiometric titration; precision was ±2 µmol/kg. The CO2-related measurements aboard the R/V John V. Vickers were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. C.4.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The World Ocean plays a dynamic role in the Earth's climate: It captures heat from the sun, transports it, and releases it thousands of miles away. These oceanic-solar-atmospheric interactions affect winds, rainfall patterns, and temperatures on a global scale. The oceans also play a major role in global carbon-cycle processes. Carbon is unevenly distributed in the oceans because of complex circulation patterns and biogeochemical cycles. The oceans are estimated to hold 38,000 gigatons of carbon, 50 times more than that in the atmosphere and 20 times more than that in plants, animals, and soil. If only 2% of the carbon stored in the oceans were released, the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) would double. Every year, the amount of CO2 exchanged across the sea surface is more than 15 times that produced by the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities (Williams 1990). To better understand the ocean's role in climate and climatic changes, several large experiments have been conducted, and others are under way. The largest oceanographic experiment ever attempted is the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). A major component of the World Climate Research Program, WOCE brings together the expertise of scientists and technicians from more than 30 nations. In the United States, WOCE is supported by the federal government under the Global Change Research Program. The multiagency U.S. effort is led by the National Science Foundation and is supported by major contributions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Office of Naval Research, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Although total carbon dioxide (TCO2) is not an official WOCE measurement, a coordinated effort, supported in the United States by DOE, was made on WOCE cruises to measure the global distributions of TCO2 and other carbon-related parameters [total alkalinity (TALK), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and pH]. The goal of the DOE's CO2 survey includes estimation of the meridional transport of inorganic carbon in a manner analogous to the oceanic heat transport (Bryden and Hall 1980; Brewer et al. 1989; Roemmich and Wunsch 1985), evaluation of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the ocean, and preparation of a database suitable for carbon-cycle modeling and subsequent assessment of anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans. The final data set is expected to cover ~23,000 stations. This report presents CO2-related measurements obtained during the Research Vessel (R/V) John V. Vickers NOAA Climate and Global Change (CGC92) expedition along the WOCE meridional Section P13. C.4.2 TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENTS The samples for TCO2 were taken in 500-mL borosilicate glass bottles in accordance with the procedure specified in Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Sea Water (DOE 1994), an earlier version of which was available at the time in manuscript version to the DOE Science Team. The samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride to minimize biological activity prior to analysis. Two duplicate samples were taken and analyzed for each profile: one in surface water (near the top of the cast) and one in deep water (near the bottom of the cast). These are used to assist in the assessment of the measurement quality. C.4.3 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE The samples were analyzed using a Single Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) developed by K. Johnson (Johnson et al. 1985; 1987). The procedure using this specific instrument is described in detail in the SOMMA operating manual (Johnson 1991 - unpublished manuscript), and a description of the procedure is available in the DOE handbook (DOE 1994). The principle behind this analysis is as follows: A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The presence of solid carbonates, such as CaCO3, thus constitutes an interference in the method. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent containing ethanolamine and titrating coulometrically the hydroxyethylcarbamic acid that is formed. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance of a thymolphthalein indicator at approximately 610 nm. Hydroxide ions are generated by the coulometer circuitry so as to maintain the transmittance of the solution at a constant value. The relevant chemical reactions occurring in the solution are: CO2 + HO(CH2)2NH2 -- HO(CH2)2NHCOO + H+ and H+ + OH- -- H2O. The hydroxide ions used are generated at the cathode by electrolyzing water: H2O + e- -- ‡H2(g) + OH- , while silver is dissolved at the anode: Ag(s) -- Ag+ + e- . The overall efficiency of the coulometric procedure is calibrated using known amounts of CO2 gas, either from gas loops or from seawater-based reference materials. C.4.4 ORDER OF ANALYSES The samples were analyzed in the order surface-to-deep. This order allowed the cooler deep samples to come to room temperature before they were analyzed. However, this means that it is not possible to ascertain from the analytical measurements alone if there is a systematic variation in the calibration with the life of the coulometric cell (see Sect. 3.2.3 below). C.4.5 CALIBRATION OF THE ANALYSES The calibration of the analyses reported here was problematic. The original plan was to use gas loops to calibrate the coulometer system and to check the performance of the analyses using certified reference materials (CRM Batch 13, certified TCO2 value 2015.13 µmol/kg). Unfortunately, a post-cruise examination of the results showed that the calibration factor calculated for gas loops was unexpectedly variable; an examination of the calibration factor that would have been calculated from the analyses of the CRMs also showed similar variability (equivalent to a standard deviation of measurement of 2.4 µmol/kg). A more detailed examination showed that the variability was restricted to those measurements that had been made in the early stages of a cell's lifetime; measurements on gas loops (Fig. 3 in hard copy) or on CRMs (Fig. 4 in hard copy) made later in the cell's lifetime were much more stable as well as being lower (counts/µmol) than the initial measurements. The reason for this variability appears to be that the cell was not adequately conditioned prior to being calibrated and used (Ken Johnson, BNL, personal communication). Consequently, measurements made early in the cell lifetime are suspect. These include all of the initial gas loop calibrations as well as the initial measurement of the reference material. The early measurements that were made on water from the upper ocean may also be somewhat degraded (see Sect. 3.2.4 below). The calibration approach used to calculate the results presented here was as follows: - The calibration of an individual coulometer was assumed to remain stable from day to day throughout its period of use. This assumption reflects the experience of most investigators (Dickson 1992) and is also borne out by the measurements from this cruise made later in the cell life (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Note that a single coulometer unit was used throughout Leg 1 and for part of Leg 2; it was exchanged during Leg 2 on October 7, 1992, prior to measurement of samples from station 65. - Thus the measurements on reference materials were divided into two groups: one prior to station 65, the other from station 65 to the end of the cruise, and a mean calibration factor was calculated separately for each group of analyses (based on the measurements made on reference materials later in the cell lifetime). - This universal (coulometer dependent) calibration factor (i.e., based on the CRMs) was used to calibrate the measurements made on individual sea water samples. C.4.6 MEASUREMENT DATA QUALITY Because of the difficulty in assigning a meaningful calibration to the analyses of total dissolved inorganic carbon made on this cruise, it is difficult to assess the data quality of the measurements presented here. Although it is apparent that analyses made later in the coulometric cell's lifetime are less variable, it is less clear when the measuring system settles down. Thus the measurements that are made early in the cell lifetime are also necessarily suspect (this is discussed in more detail below). One indication of the potential accuracy of the measurement system is the degree of agreement between the calibration factors based on gas loops and those based on CRMs. The average difference is of the order of 0.1% (Leg 1: 0.14%, Leg 2: 0.06%), thus indicating that the gas loops had the potential of providing an accurate calibration if the cell had been adequately conditioned. The precision of measurement is harder to assess. Duplicate samples were taken at each full station. These were typically a surface sample (in the top 10 m) and a deep sample (usually from one of the two deepest Niskin bottles). The duplicates were analyzed with the surface pair being analyzed at the beginning of a run and the deep pair being split between the beginning and end of a run. The standard deviation of a single measurement calculated from these duplicates was 1.3 µmol/kg for the surface samples (analyzed together); and 2.0 µmol/kg for the deep samples (analyzed at the start and end of a run). However, the standard deviation figures are somewhat misleading. The mean difference for the surface samples (first and second) is 0.4 µmol/kg; that for the deep samples is 1.2 µmol/kg. This suggests that even during the measurement of these duplicates the calibration of the cell is changing in the direction shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Hence, the measurements on the samples done in the first part of a run, those from the upper ocean, may, on occasion, be biased high by the use of a calibration factor more appropriate to the later measurements. An examination of the data on duplicates indicates that the extent of this bias is unlikely to exceed 4 µmol/kg and may on many occasions be less than that (see Section 3.4 for an evidence from the shore-based replicate measurements). The measurements on the later (deep) samples would be expected to have a precision similar to that found for the later CRMs: a standard deviation of 1.1 µmol/kg (i.e., a similar magnitude to that found for those duplicate measurements that were run side-by-side at the beginning of the run). C.4.7 TOTAL ALKALINITY MEASUREMENTS The TALK concentrations were determined by potentiometric titration of 1153 Niskin samples, 574 from Leg 1 and 579 from Leg 2. Samples from throughout the water column were measured on 39 stations (nominally 36 depths per station) and from surface Niskins only on 41 additional stations. The TALK was measured on an aliquot of seawater taken from the same 500-mL bottle previously analyzed for TCO2. Calibration of the shipboard measurements of TALK reported in this numeric data package depends upon the standardization of the HCl titrants with titrations of primary standard sodium carbonate solutions at SIO. The titration system and its calibration are described in Guenther et al. (1994a), a reprint of which is provided in Appendix A of this report. Adjustments to the TALK calibration scale are likely to be made in the future. Data quality was assessed at sea by titration of replicate seawater samples, secondary standard bicarbonate solutions prepared at SIO before expedition, and bottles of CRM batch number 13. Aliquots from the replicate seawater samples and the CRMs were titrated after aliquots had been removed for TCO2 measurements. The short-term repeatability was estimated by analyzing the agreement of pairs of replicate seawater samples titrated simultaneously, using equation (3) in Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 23 of the DOE (1994). One or two pairs usually were measured on each day of analysis. On Leg 1, for 33 pairs, the sample standard deviation, si, of a single measurement was estimated to be 1.56 µmol/kg. On Leg 2, for 30 pairs, si was estimated to be 2.13 µmol/kg. Two batches of bicarbonate reference materials were titrated during the cruise. Usually four measurements were made per day. Analysis of the results using the normal equation for sample standard deviation yields an estimate of the reproducibility of the measurements over the entire cruise. The si was found to be 2.77 µmol/kg for 75 measurements of batch "A" and 2.03 µmol/kg for 90 measurements of batch "B." Titrations of CRM samples provided an additional estimate of reproducibility and also an estimate of the accuracy through comparison of the at-sea results with the value certified by the laboratory of A. G. Dickson at SIO. The value for CRM batch 13, certified by titrations in 1996 on archived samples, was 2203.79 µmol/kg. During the cruise 84 titrations of CRM batch 13 were made. After 6 measurements were rejected, the si calculated for 78 measurements was 2.29 µmol/kg. The average TALK for the 78 measurements was 2201.26 µmol/kg, nearly within one standard deviation of the certified value. The TALK measurements of seawater reported here have NOT been adjusted by this difference. Figure 5 in the hard copy is a plot of the difference between the shipboard TALK of CRM batch 13 and the certified value versus time during both legs of the cruise. C.4.8 SHORE-BASED REPLICATE MEASUREMENTS During the expedition, 322 duplicate samples were collected and returned to SIO for shore-based measurements in the laboratory of C. D. Keeling. A total of 309 TCO2 and 314 TALK measurements were performed on these samples. The 13C/12C isotopic ratio of the carbon comprising the TCO2 was also measured (but not reported in this numeric data package). Comparisons between the shore-based measurements of TCO2 and TALK and those made at sea on water from the same Niskin bottles provide further quality control information on the carbon data set for WOCE Section P13. Shore-based measurements of TCO2 were made by vacuum extraction/manometry using the procedures established for the DOE/WOCE ocean CO2 program (Guenther et al. 1994b). Results are tabulated in Table B.1 in Appendix B. This table also lists the corresponding SOMMA TCO2 values and the differences between the shipboard and shore-based values. Shipboard data are identified as "SIO" and shore-based as "S.I.O." The repeatability of the shore-based results themselves can be estimated from the agreement of the duplicate samples measured (DOE 1994). The sample standard deviation, si, of an individual shore-based result represents the short-term imprecision of the laboratory analysis, together with imprecision introduced by sampling and storage. The si calculated for the set of 140 pairs of data was 0.95 µmol/kg. Twelve pairs were rejected from this calculation, as shown by the flags in Table B.1. This "replicate imprecision" is approximately average for DOE/WOCE program cruises. Of the 140 ship - shore differences corresponding to the "good" pairs of shore- based data, two were rejected for being more than 3si from the average (-17.17 and 20.21 µmol/kg). The average difference for the remaining 138 comparisons was 1.37 µmol/kg, with the shore-based being higher, and the si of an individual difference was 3.11 µmol/kg. The average difference was typical for DOE/WOCE cruises during the 1991-1994 period, but the si is rather large. A reason for the increased scatter is the presence of a depth-dependent bias between the ship shore differences. The usual sampling depths for shore-based replicate samples on DOE/WOCE cruises were surface and deep (nominally 3000 m). Differences for WOCE Section P13 are plotted in Figure 6 for this subset of comparisons. "Surface" samples are the shallowest on a station, ranging from 10 to 75 m in depth, and "deep" samples are the deepest, ranging from 1000 to 3200 m. The average surface deep bias for the subset of surface and deep samples in Figure 6 (18 differences between "good" replicate pairs) is 3.5 µmol/kg (si = 2.5 µmol/kg). A surface deep bias has been evident for only a few other cruises and usually is smaller. On this cruise, shore-based replicate samples were also collected in profile from 9 to 12 Niskin bottles from the surface to nominally 3000 m on 10 stations. Ship shore differences for the top several depths of these stations change toward the more negative deep differences. From 400 m down, the differences are relatively constant. The surface-deep bias results agree fairly well with measurements made at sea. Shipboard measurements for surface comparisons between shore-based and shipboard measurements were made early in the measurement runs, while those for deep comparisons were made late in the runs. Use of the lower calibration factors measured late in the runs resulted in a high bias for measurements made early in the runs (see section 3.2.4). On average, CRM measurements made early in the runs were 2.6 µmol/kg higher than those made late in the runs. Also, deep samples measured early in the runs on Leg 1 on average were 2.3 µmol/kg higher than their duplicates measured late in the runs. However, this pattern was far less apparent for Leg 2. Shore-based measurements of TALK were made by essentially the same potentiometric titration system as the measurements made at sea. The primary difference was that the aliquots for shore-based titrations more often were dispensed gravimetrically into the titration cell, instead of volumetrically. The aliquots were removed from the sample bottles after those for shore-based TCO2 had been removed. Results are tabulated in Table B.2. This table also lists the corresponding shipboard TALK values and the differences between shore-based and shipboard values. As described for the shore-based TCO2, the replicate imprecision of the shore-based TALK measurements is estimated from the agreement of the duplicate measurements. For samples with analyses from both gravimetric and volumetric systems, analyses separated by more than a week of elapsed time were rejected. For one set of titrations made within a few days on both systems, the gravimetric data were chosen over the volumetric. The si was 1.90 µmol/kg for 154 pairs of measurements, with four pairs rejected as shown by the flags in Table B.2. The apparent imprecisions of the shipboard TALK results (see discussion in section 3.3) and the shore-based results are similar, ~2 µmol/kg. The average ship - shore difference for TALK is calculated from 147 of the total of 150 comparisons of "good" shore-based duplicates with corresponding shipboard values. Three comparisons with differences of 18.78, 15.63, and 23.01 µmol/kg (greater than 3si) were rejected. The average difference is 3.35 µmol/kg (shipboard higher). The si of an individual difference is 4.11 mol/kg. Both the average ship shore difference and its imprecision are likely to change after the anticipated adjustments to the TALK calibration scale are made, so further analysis and plotting of the data will not be presented at this time. C.5. CFC MEASUREMENTS (J. Bullister) CFCs were usually the first water sample collected from the 10 liter bottles. Care was taken to co-ordinate the sampling of CFCs with other gas samples to minimize the time between the initial opening of each bottle and the completion of sample drawing. In most cases, helium, tritium, dissolved oxygen, total CO2, alkalinity and pH samples were collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle. CFC samples were collected in 100 ml precision glass syringes, and held immersed in a water bath until processing. The CFC analytical system functioned relatively well during this expedition. The CFC system was installed in a specially designed laboratory van located on deck, and was isolated from possible contamination from high levels of CFCs which are sometimes present in air inside ship laboratories. Concentration of CFCs in air inside this van were usually close to those of clean marine air. Concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air samples, seawater and gas standards on the cruise were measured by shipboard electron capture gas chromatography, according to the methods described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). The concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air, seawater samples and gas standards are reported relative to the SIO 1986 calibration scale. CFC concentrations in air and standard gas are reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in parts-per-trillion (ppt) range. Dissolved CFC concentrations are given in unit of picomole CFC per kg seawater (pmol/kg). CFC concentrations in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting their chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated by injecting known volumes of gas from a CFC working standard (PMEL cylinder 71489) into the analytical instrument. This concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in this working standard were calibrated versus a primary CFC standard (CC36743) before and after the cruise. No measurable drift in the working standard could be detected during this interval. Full range calibration curves were run at 1 to 2 day intervals. Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas were run much more frequently (at intervals of 1 to 2 hours) to monitor short term changes in detector sensitivity. The estimated reproducibility of the calibrations is about 1.3% for CFC-11 and 0.5% for CFC-12. We estimate a precision (1 standard deviation) for dissolved CFC measurements of about 1%, or 0.005 pmol/kg, whichever is greater. Sample loops filled with CFC-free gas, and syringe samples of CFC-free water (degassed in a specially designed glass chamber) were run to check sampling and analytical blanks. CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations measured in deep samples along the section were typically in the range of 0 to 0.007 pmol/kg, near the detection limit of the analytical system (~0.004 µmol/kg). Previous studies (Warner, et al 1996) of time-dependent tracers in this region of the Pacific indicate that waters at densities sigma0>27.4 should have CFC concentrations near zero at present. We attribute the low level CFC signal in deep samples to the slow release of CFC from the walls and O-rings of the 10 liter bottles into the seawater sample during storage, and to contamination during the transfer and storage of the seawater samples in glass syringes prior to analysis. Based on the median concentrations observed in deep water samples along the section, the following blank correction were applied to the seawater measurements: CFC-11 blank corrections applied (in µmol/kg): ----------------------------------------------- Sta. 1-43 0.010 µmol/kg Sta. 44-88 0.008 µmol/kg CFC-12 blank corrections applied (in µmol/kg): ----------------------------------------------- Sta. 1-4 0.000 Sta. 5-23 0.021 Sta. 24-27 .034 Sta. 28-52 0.018 Sta. 53-88 0.009 As a result of this blank correction, some concentrations reported for deep samples are less than zero. A number of water samples had anomously high CFC11 and/or CFC11 concentrations relative to adjacent samples. These high values appeared to occur more or less randomly, and were not clearly associated with other features in the water column (e.g.. elevated oxygen concentrations). In most cases, only one of the 2 CFCs measured showed these anomolously high levels. This suggests that the high values were due to analytical variability or isolated low-level contamination events. These samples are included in this report and are flagged as either 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) measurements. Approximately 181 analyses of CFC-11 and 76 analyses of CFC-12 were given flags of 3 or 4. C.6. DATA CHECKS AND PROCESSING PERFORMED BY CDIAC An important part of the numeric data packaging process at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) involves the quality assurance (QA) of data before distribution. Data received at CDIAC are rarely in a condition that would permit immediate distribution, regardless of the source. To guarantee data of the highest possible quality, CDIAC conducts extensive QA reviews that involve examining the data for completeness, reasonableness, and accuracy. The QA process is a critical component in the value-added concept of supplying accurate, usable data for researchers. The following information summarizes the data processing and QA checks performed by CDIAC on the data obtained during the R/V John V. Vickers cruise along WOCE Section P13 in the Pacific Ocean. 1. The final carbon-related data were provided to CDIAC by A. G. Dickson, P. R. Guenther, and C. D. Keeling of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The final hydrographic and chemical measurements and the station information files were provided by the WOCE Hydrographic Program Office (WHPO) after quality evaluation. A FORTRAN 90 retrieval code was written and used to merge and reformat all data files. 2. To check for obvious outliers, all data were plotted by use of a PLOTNEST.C program written by Stewart C. Sutherland (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory). The program plots a series of nested profiles, using the station number as an offset; the first station is defined at the beginning, and subsequent stations are offset by a fixed interval ionable measurement) or "4" (bad measurement) (see File Descriptions in Part 2 of this documentation). 3. To identify "noisy" data and possible systematic, methodological errors, property-property plots for all parameters were generated, carefully examined, and compared with plots from previous expeditions in the Pacific Ocean. 4. All variables were checked for values exceeding physical limits, such as sampling depth values that are greater than the given bottom depths. 5. Dates, times, and coordinates were checked for bogus values (e.g., values of MONTH < 1 or > 12; DAY < 1 or > 31; YEAR < or > 1992; TIME < 0000 or > 2400; LAT < -10.000 or > 60.000; and LONG < 160.000 or > 170.000). 6. Station locations (latitudes and longitudes) and sampling times were examined for consistency with maps and cruise information supplied by A. Dickson and C. Keeling of SIO. 7. The designation for missing values, given as -9.0 in the original files, was changed to -999.9 for the consistency with other oceanographic data sets. C.7. CTD/02 MEASUREMENTS (K.E. McTaggart, G.C. Johnson, and B.A. Taft) ABSTRACT Summaries of Neil Brown Instrument Systems CTD/02 measurements and hydrographic data acquired on a Climate and Global Change cruise during the fall of 1992 aboard the RN Vickers are presented. The majority of these data were collected along 165°E from 51.5°N to 5°S. Data collected on a NW-SE dog-leg from the 200-m isobath off the coast of Kamchatka to the beginning of the 165°E line at 51.5°N are also presented. Data acquisition and processing systems are described and calibration procedures are documented. Station location, meteorological conditions, CTD/02 summary data listings, profiles, and potential temperature- salinity diagrams are included for each cast. Section plots of oceanographic variables and hydrographic data listings are also given. C.7.1 INTRODUCTION In support of NOAA's Climate Program, PMEL scientists have been measuring the growing burden of greenhouse gases in the thermocline waters of the Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere since 1980. During this cruise, hydrographic and chemical measurements began with a series of closely spaced stations extending from the Kamchatka Peninsula across the western boundary current regime. The section then crossed the northern end of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and extended southward along 165°E from 51.5°N to 5°S crossing such major features as the North Pacific subpolar gyre, Kuroshio Extension, subtropical gyre, and the equatorial current system. Full water column CTD/02 profiles and a suite of anthropogenic and natural tracers including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), helium-tritium, radiocarbon, total C02, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nutrients and salinity were collected. These measurements will be used to study the distribution, sources, and formation rates of water masses and their flow patterns and time scales. The CFC and tritium measurements will be of use in studying the rates of upper and intermediate water mass formation and transport processes. C02 measurements will be used to study the flux of C02 from atmosphere to ocean and the importance of this region as a sink for C02. Four stations were occupied on the transit leg from Los Angeles to Dutch Harbor to test the CTD/rosette system. Another test cast was made in the Bering Sea during the transit from Dutch Harbor to the start of leg I of WOCE section P13 near the Kamchatka Peninsula. Fifty stations followed from the 200-m isobath southeastward down the continental slope, across the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, then southward at 51.5°N along 165°E to 30°N. Nominal station spacing began at 30 miles but was increased to 40 miles south of 36°N after a series of delays. Concerns over the structural integrity of the R/V Vickers resulted in the termination of leg I several days prior to the scheduled date, and an emergency steam into Kwajalein. After an extended period of time in port for the evaluation and repair of the ship, the section was resumed with leg 2. With the time remaining, 33 stations were occupied between 30°N and 5°S along 165°E at 2- degree spacing north of 40°N with closer spacing south of 4°N and between 19- 22°N. Figure I shows station locations, where leg I stations are indicated by a triangle and leg 2 stations are marked by a square. Table I provides a summary of cast information. C.7.2 STANDARDS AND PRE-CRUISE CALIBRATIONS The Neil Brown Mark IlIb CTD/02 profiler is designed to make precise, high resolution measurements of conductivity, temperature, and pressure in the ocean environment. Electrical conductivity of sea water is obtained using a miniature four electrode ceramic cell and highly precise and stable interface electronics. The EG&G conductivity sensor has a range of I to 65 mmho, an accuracy of ±0.005 mmho, resolution of 0.001 mmho, and stability of 0.003 mmho/month. Temperature is determined using a platinum resistance thermometer. The Rosemount platinum thermometer has a range of -32° to 32°C, an accuracy of ±0.005 C (-3° to 32°C), resolution of 0.0005°C, and stability of 0.001°C/month. Pressure is determined using a high performance stainless steel strain gauge pressure transducer. A thermistor within the pressure sensor housing corrects pressure values for the effects of temperature changes on the sensor itself. The Paine pressure sensor has a range of 0 to 6500 db, an accuracy of ±6.5 db, resolution of 0. 1 db, and stability of 0. 1 %/month. A Beckman polarographic dissolved oxygen electrode measures oxygen current and oxygen temperature. Data from the underwater unit is transmitted in real time to a shipboard data terminal through a 3-conductor electro-mechanical cable. The data is in TELETYPE (TTY) format and uses a frequency shift key (FSK) modulated signal superimposed on the DC power supplied to the underwater unit. Pre-cruise calibrations were done at EG&G Marine Instruments in Cataumet, Massachusets (Millard et al., 1990). Temperature calibrations were determined using a 20-gallon Tronic Model CTB-1000A temperature bath and Model ATB-1250 Automatic Thermometer Bridge. Data were collected using a desk top computer at 0, 15, and 30°C, averaged for I minute at each temperature and a line was fit to these values. Conductivity calibrations were performed using four saltwater baths at room temperature, each of different salinities resulting in a conductivity range from 30 to 60 mmho. A correction was made to take into account the difference in thermal coefficient of linear expansion of the alumina CTD cell relative to the quartz conductivity cell on the Model CSA-1250 Conductivity Salinity Adaptor. A line was fit to these values. Pressure calibration of the CTD was performed by connecting a stainless steel pipe from the dead-weight tester to the CTD pressure port or directly to the pressure transducer. Weights were added or removed to generate pressures in ascending and descending increments for three calibration cycles. A third order polynomial was fit to five pressure values ranging from 0 to 6067 db. The conductivity sensor usually drifts significantly from pre-cruise calibrations with use and is most accurately calibrated using in situ water sample salinities. Immediately prior to tripping the rosette, values of pressure, temperature, conductivity, oxygen current, and oxygen temperature were recorded from the CTD deck unit. These upcast CTD values are usually used for comparison with sample salinity values. C.7.3 DATA ACQUISITION PMEL's Neil Brown CTD/02 S/N 1111 (sampling rate 31 Hz) and a General Oceanics 36-bottle rosette were used for the majority of 88 stations. PMEL's Neil Brown CTD/02 S/N 1112 (sampling rate 31 Hz) and a General Oceanics 12-bottle rosette were used at five stations made during bad weather. Casts were made to within a nominal distance of 50 m from the bottom using a Benthos acoustic pinger mounted low and opposite the CTD sensor arm on the frame. The position of the package relative to the bottom was monitored on the ship's Precision Depth Recorder (PDR). A bottom depth was estimated from bathymetric charts and the PDR ran throughout the cast. Ten-liter Niskin bottles were used to collect water samples on the large package; 4-liter Niskins were used on the bad weather package. Samples were drawn for salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, radiocarbon, helium, tritium, total C02, and alkalinity. The package entered the water and was lowered at a rate of 30 m/min for the first 50 m. To reduce the chance of contamination in the bottles, the package was not soaked near the surface prior to descent. Speed was increased at 50 in to 45 m/min, and increased again at 200 m to 60 m/min. Ship roll sometimes caused substantial variation about these mean lowering rates. After retrieval of the package, sensors were flushed with fresh water and a plastic cover was placed around the sensor arm and filled with fresh water. A Neil Brown Mark III deck unit received the FSK signal from the CTD and displayed pressure, temperature, conductivity, oxygen current, and oxygen temperature values. An analog signal was forwarded from the deck unit to an XYY' recorder that monitored the data acquisition in real-time for signal spiking and problems with the electrical termination. An audio signal was backed up to video cassette. Digitized data were forwarded to a 286-AT personal computer equipped with EG&G Oceansoft acquisition software version 2.02 and backed up onto cartridge tape. Data files were transferred to a microVAX 11 where PMEL's standard processing and plotting software were installed. Plots were generated after each cast to check for problems and monitor sensor drift. Backups of the raw and processed data were made on TK50 cartridge tapes and returned to PMEL. C.7.3.1 Data Acquisition Problems A considerable amount of time was lost during the cruise owing to unplanned transit time resulting from the premature break of the line at 30°N, steaming to resume the line at 28°N, extended port stops, and delays along the cruise track because of ship's mechanical problems and bad weather. Additional time was lost on station owing to conducting cable and wire termination problems and deficiencies in the ship's Precision Depth Recorder (PDR). Of the 83 stations along the line, during 22 the PDR bottom trace was indiscernable or the sweeps were not annotated. For stations 6-50, maximum CTD depths plus PDR heights off the bottom were generally greater than the corrected PDR depth values by an average of 14 m (s.d. 37 m). For stations 51-68, maximum CTD depths plus PDR heights off the bottom were all much less than corrected PDR depths by an average of 138 m (s.d. 53 m). For stations 69-88 maximum CTD depths plus PDR heights off the bottom were an average of 4 m greater than the corrected PDR depths (s.d. 23 m). This behavior may be owing to mis-adjustments to the PDR settings. The newly-designed General Oceanics Model 1016 36-position rosette sampler performed relatively well. The sampler provides real-time information on the position of the release lever and allows bottles to be closed in any order desired. Although a bottle or two sometimes failed to close properly during casts owing to sticky release pins on the underwater pylon, these problems could normally be diagnosed immediately from information sent from the underwater unit to the deck unit. This information gave the CTD operator the option of choosing to release another bottle at that depth if desired. Station 53 was aborted at 2200 db owing to a deteriorating electrical termination. Due to an operator oversight, CTD data were lost for this cast and the audio backup was unrecoverable. Samples were collected during the upcast, however, and a bottle file exists for this station. At station 60, the package was put on the bottom. No samples were collected during the upcast. C.7.3.2 Salinity Analyses Bottle salinity analyses were performed in a climate-controlled van using two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A inductive salinometers and IAPSO Standard Seawater from Wormley batch P 114. The commonly accepted precision of the Autosal is 0.001 psu, with an accuracy of 0.003 psu. The Autosals were standardized before each run and either at the end of each run or after no more than 48 samples. The drift during each run was monitored and individual samples were corrected for the drift during each run by linear interpolation. Bottle salinities were compared with computed CTD salinities to identify leaking bottles, as well as to monitor the conductivity sensor performance and drift. Calibrated CTD salinities replace missing bottle salinities in the hydrographic data listing and are indicated by an asterisk. Bad bottle values have not been flagged in this report. C.7.4 POST-CRUISE CALIBRATIONS Several files were combined to produce the CAL calibration file for each CTD/02 package: 111n_ALL.CAL = raw P, raw T, raw C, OXC, OXT Bottle salinities were received from D. Greeley in file SAL2_88.DAT. It was decided post-cruise to back off any NRCC corrections applied at sea. SAL2_88.DAT was broken into 1111_ALL.SAL and 1112_ALL.SAL. Bottle salinities were added to CTD/02 data using program ADDSAL: 111n-ALL.OUT = raw P, raw T, raw C, OXC, OXT, SO Bottle oxygens were received from K. Hargreaves in file 02_FINAL.DAT. Program OXYMLL converted the data from µmol/l to ml/l and output file 02_FINAL.MLL. 02_FINAL.MLL was broken into 1111_ALL.MLL and 1112_ALL.MLL. Bottle oxygens were added to .OUT files using program ADDOXY: 111n_ALL.FIN = raw P, raw T, raw C, OXC, OXT, SO, 02 Files FIN were edited so records existed for all 36 (or 12) bottles of each cast whether samples were collected or not. This was done to account for each bottle in the WOCE SEA file. For CTD/02 S/N 1111, 1111_FIN.CAL contained stations 2, 4- 27, 29-42, 47-52, 54-59, 61-88 and therefore ndata = 79 casts*36 bottles = 2844. Since there were no CTD/02 data for station 53 owing to operator error, but its bottle data needed to be accounted for, CAST53.CAL was carried through the conductivity calibration scheme independently. The CTD values listed in CG192BO53.BOT file are from the upcast. For CTD/02 S/N 1112, 1112_FIN.CAL contained casts 3, 28, 43-46 and therefore ndata = 6 casts* 12 bottles = 72. C.7.4.1 Pressure Program PBIAS was introduced into the calibration stream to correct for the pressure hysteresis between up and down pressure calibrations following Millard and Yang (199 3). PBIAS reads CALIB.DAT for calibration coefficients and CGC92.HDR for maximum cast pressure and computes a corrected P using the following equation: P = P(up)*(I-W)+P(dn)*W W = exp(-(P(bottom)-P(dn))/Z where P is the derived uptrace pressure, P(up) is the pressure value scaled with the uptrace calibration polynomial, P(dn) is the pressure value scaled with the downtrace calibration polynomial, P(bottom) is the maximum pressure of the station, and Z is 300 db. PBIAS writes: 111n_PCOR.CAL = raw P, cal P, raw T, raw C, OXC, OXT, SO, 02 For CTD/02 S/N 1111, uptrace and downtrace scaling coefficients were the averages of pre(EG&G) and post-cruise (NW Regional Calibration Center, NRCC) pressure calibrations and were applied as follows in program PBIAS: P = E + D * PRAW + C * PRAW2 + B * PRAW3 where E D C B P(DOWN): -2.0048 .9968708 0.159752E-5 -0.1804412E-09 P(UP): -2.6546 .9938283 0.281344E-5 -0.2951405E-09 The differences between pre- and post-cruise pressure calibrations were 4-6 db, mostly a bias. Program MATCH searched downtrace CTD files output from EPCTD92 and matched PBIAS calibrated uptrace pressures with DLAGAVZ calibrated downtrace pressures (no pressure calibration was applied in EPCTD92). Downtrace values replaced uptrace values for pressure (as well as temperature and conductivity) in the CAL and subsequent bottle files. PBIAS was not used with CTD/02 S/N 1112 data because the up and down pressure calibration coefficients from EG&G in June of 1992 were very similar. Up and down pressure values for CTD/02 S/N 1112 were scaled with pre-cruise (EG&G) coefficients in program CALMSTRW for uptrace data and DLAGAVZ for downtrace data. No additional pressure calibrations were applied in EPCTDW. E D C B P(DOWN) = P(UP): -0.18188 .9955384 0.194715E-5 -0.2006194E-09 C.7.4.2 Temperature Final temperature calibrations for CTD/02 S/N 1111 were the averages of pre- (EG&G) and post-cruise (NRCC) coefficients and applied in DLAGAVZ as follows: T = E+D*TRAW where E = -0.0022 and D = 0.9999610. The differences between pre- and post- cruise temperature calibrations were 0.3 WC at O°C and 0.7 m°C at 30°C. No additional calibrations were applied in EPCTD92 and it was these downtrace temperature values that replaced uptrace temperature values in the CAL and subsequent bottle files. Final temperature calibrations for CTD/02 S/N 1112 were pre-cruise (EG&G) coefficients, E = -0.00027 and D = 1.0000130, applied to uptrace data in CALMSTRW and downtrace data in DLAGAVZ. No additional temperature calibrations were applied in EPCTDW. C.7.4.3 Conductivity Because standard calibration strategies did not produce good results for CTD/02 S/N 1111, downtrace CTD conductivities were used for the calibration to water sample data. Program MATCH read _PCOR.CAL and EPCTD92 CTD files (raw, lagged, cell corrected conductivity) and matched up/down pressures. It then used downtrace calibrated P, calibrated T, and raw, lagged, cell corrected C to replace uptrace values in a _DOWN.CAL file: 1111_DOWN.CAL = raw P, cal P, cal T, raw C, OXC, OXT, SO, 02 LINCAL92 reads _DOWN.CAL and computes a linear least squares fit between raw CTD conductivity and bottle conductivity. LINCAL92 does not apply P or T calibrations and does not correct CTD conductivity for the cell dependence as this was already done on downtrace data in EPCTD92. This cruise was divided into 9 groups and only bottles greater than 1500 db were used in the fits for CTD/02 S/N 1111 conductivity: LEG BIAS SLOPE STD DEV NPTS 1111AD_DOWN.CAL = stations 6-11 1 0.0316455 0.999069 .0029 35 1111BD_DOWN.CAL = station 12 1 -0.0073853 1.000197 .0028 9 1111CD_DOWN.CAL = stations 13-18 1 -0.1287451 1.003862 .0021 82 1111DD_DOWN.CAL = stations 19-36 1 -0.0424973 1.001208 .0016 239 1111ED_DOWN.CAL = stations 37-42 1 -0.0689275 1.001992 .0020 75 1111FD_DOWN.CAL = stations 47-55 1 -0.0210941 1.000546 .0018 98 1111GD_DOWN.CAL = station 56 2 -0.1231067 1.003531 .0009 13 1111HD_DOWN.CAL = stations 57-74 2 -0.0442417 1.000821 .0021 216 1111ID_DOWN.CAL = stations 75-88 2 -0.0503203 1.000910 .0015 126 Additional conductivity offsets were applied to 15 casts. This was done by regridding the poorly calibrated cast and an adjacent well calibrated cast according to potential temperature using EPIC (Soreide et al., 1995) utility CTDGRID with the AKIMA (shape-preserving) cubic spline option. The range of potential temperature varied between pairs of casts but was usually the deepest common increment of 0.2°C. The grid size was 0.01°C. The mean difference in salinity between casts was computed using interactive program CTDDIFF. Then for each regridded scan of the poorly calibrated cast, a new conductivity was calculated using the value of salinity plus delta-salinity. The differences between the old and new conductivities were averaged using interactive program COMPUTE and added to the conductivity calibration bias applied: POOR GOOD MEAN MEAN THETA CAST CAST DELTA-S DELTA-C NAVG RANGE --------------------------------------------- 9 10 .0048 .0033 10 1.50-1.70 14 16 -.0035 -.0029 12 1.13-1.28 15 16 -.0037 -.0030 12 1.13-1.28 18 19 .0013 .0011 7 1.10-1.20 24 23 -.0044 -.0036 12 1.10-1.25 54 55 -.0013 -.0011 18 1.05-1.25 57 59 .0014 .0012 17 1.00-1.20 58 59 .0022 .0018 17 1.00-1.20 61 59 -.0019 -.0015 14 1.00-1.20 64 55 -.0020 -.0016 15 1.05-1.25 65 55 -.0028 -.0023 18 1.05-1.25 68 67 -.0037 -.0030 13 1.12-1.28 73 75 -.0019 -.0016 18 1.07-1.27 74 75 -.0018 -.0015 18 1.07-1.27 84 82 -.0232 -.0189 17 1.39-1.59 CALMSTR92 reads _DOWN.CAL and the best fit conductivity coefficients from a command file. CALMSTR92 does not apply P or T calibrations and does not correct CTD conductivity for cell dependence as this was already done on downtrace data in EPCTD92. CALMSTR92 applies the computed conductivity calibrations and writes _DOWN.CLB and _DOWN.SEA (bottle data listing in WOCE format). 1111_DOWN.CLB = cal P, cal T, cal C, sal, SO, oxy, 02 etc. CALMSTR92 computes CTD oxygen and applies oxygen calibration coefficients read from the .CAL file header (originally from CALIBO.DAT). EPICBOMSTRW reads CLB files and creates EPIC BOT bottle files: CG092Bnnn.BOT = cal P, cal T, theta, SO, 02, sigma-t, sigma-theta CTD-bottle conductivity differences used for the final fits are plotted against cast number to show the stability of the calibrated CTD conductivities relative to the bottle conductivities (Fig. 2 upper panel). The entire set of CTD-bottle conductivity differences are plotted against pressure to show the tight fit below 1000 m and the increasing scatter above 1000 in (Fig. 2 lower panel). C.7.4.4 Oxygen OXDWN2W reads _PCOR.CAL header for oxygen, pressure, and temperature calibration coefficients. These values must be the same as those applied to downtrace data in DLAGAVZ (i.e., CALIB.DAT). OXDWN2W reads _PCOR.CAL cast by cast and creates pressure, temperature, and bottle oxygen arrays. Pressure calibrations were not applied to CTD/02 S/N 1111 data as this was done by program PBIAS. Calibrations were however applied to temperature. OXDWN2W then reads an ASCII CTD file output from DLAGAVZ and searches it for matching up/down temperatures that must be within a pressure range of ±30 db to be used in the calibration. OXDWN2W replaces uptrace CTD P, T, OXC and OXT values with downtrace CTD P, T, OXC and OXT values. CTD oxygen is then computed using pre-cruise calibration coefficients from CAL header and written to the .CLO file: 1111_DOWN.CLO = cal P, cal T, OXC, OXT, bottle 02, CTD 02 Program WEIGHT was written to duplicate scans in the .CLO file where pressure was greater than 1000 db in an attempt to fit a balanced distribution of shallow and deep samples. POXFITW reads .CLO and first omits scans where 1) the Weiss oxygen saturation value computed in OXDWN2W exceeds 10.0 ml/l, 2) bottle oxygen exceeds 1.2 times the Weiss oxygen saturation value, or 3) bottle oxygen is less than a minimum of .001 ml/l. POXFITW then determines CTD oxygen calibration coefficients by calculating a non-linear least-squares fit with 6 varying parameters: oxygen current slope, oxygen current bias, pressure correction, temperature correction, internal/external temperature weighting, and oxygen lag. Scans for which the difference in CTD and bottle oxygen is greater than 2.8 times the standard deviation are discarded and the function is minimized again. Iterations continue until no scans are thrown out. POXFITW writes an .REJ file of scans not used in the final fit and .PAR: 1111_DOWN.PAR = BOCI SOC, PCOR, TCOR, WT, OXLAG, STD DEV, NFIT This cruise was divided into 8 groups and bottles greater than 1000 db were duplicated for CTD/02 S/N 1111 oxygen: CASTS 5-7, 3 CASTS STD DEV=0.66592E-01 NSCANS 50 DOX=0.186 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG -0.008 3.526 0.1689E-03 -0.8151E-01 0.4738E+00 0.1216E+02 CASTS 8-22, 15 CASTS STD DEV=0.46418E-01 NSCANS 480 DOX=O.130 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.010 3.373 0.1516E-03 -0.4973E-01 0.749 1 E+00 0.1263E+02 CASTS 23-27, 5 CASTS STD DEV=0.34275E-01 NSCANS 133 DOX=0.096 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.016 3.439 0.1406E-03 -0.5283E-01 0.8348E+00 0.4187E+01 CASTS 29-36, 8 CASTS STD DEV=0.51974E-01 NSCANS 228 DOX=O.146 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.012 3.269 0.1537E-03 -0.4090E-0I 0.9113E+00 0.2319E+00 CASTS 37-42, 6 CASTS STD DEV=0.57043E-01 NSCANS 171 DOX=O.160 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.010 3.166 0.1595E-03 -0.3693E-01 0.6870E+00 0.8168E+01 CASTS 47-59, 12 CASTS STD DEV=0.97325E-01 NSCANS 375 DOX=0.273 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.015 2.990 0.1643E-03 -0.3174E-01 0.7699E+00 0.3878E+00 CASTS 61-69, 9 CASTS STD DEV=0.48878E-01 NSCANS 302 DOX=0.137 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.008 3.217 0.1594E-03 -0.3405E-01 0.7525E+00 0.2933E+00 CASTS 70-88, 19 CASTS STD DEV=0.46279E-01 NSCANS 626 DOX=O.130 BIAS SLOPE PCOR TCOR WT OXLAG 0.022 3.049 0.1650E-03 -0.3157E-01 0.6893E+00 0.5506E+00 CALOX2W reads .CLO and .PAR and applies the oxygen calibration coefficients. CALOX2W writes _PLOT.CLO for use with DOXW.PPC to verify the success of the calibration: 1111_PLOT.CLO = cal P, cal T, OXC, OXT, bottle 02,cal CTD 02 Final oxygen calibration coefficients were included in EPCTD92 command files for downtrace data. Oxygen spikes were individually removed from many traces using EPIC utility CTDINTERP. CTDOXY was not included in the WOCE SEA file; only bottle oxygen data in µmol/kg. Program ADDTMP added oxygen pickling temperatures to the CAL file. CALMSTRW_02 was modified to 1) read the pickling temperatures as well, 2) if there was no pickling temperature, use potential temperature, 3) compute sigma using function SVAN (CTD salinity, pickling temperature, 0, sigma), 4) convert sigma to density: sigma/1000+1, and 5) convert bottle oxygens in ml/l to µmol/kg according to WOCE Hydrographic Operations and Methods (July 1991) section 3.3 Conversion of Volumetric to Weight Concentrations: 02 (µmol/kg-sw) = 44.660 * 02 (ml/l) / density sw where the value 44.660 equals (1000/molar volume of oxygen gas at STP). Downtrace CTD oxygens are recorded in ml/l. C.7.5 POST-CRUISE PROCESSING VIOODnnn.EDT = raw P, raw T, raw C, sign, OXC, OXT DPDNZ reads EDT and computes a running fall rate over ±30 scans. DPDNZ writes RECZ for record range and. DPZ: VIOODnnn.DPZ = raw P, raw T, raw C, sign, OXC, OXT, dpdn DLAGAVZ reads DPZ and applies calibrations read from CALIB.DAT: 1111 6 380 -2.0048 .9968708 0.159752E-5 -0.1804412E-09 P DN AVG 93 -2.6546 .9938283 0.281344E-5 -0.2951405E-09 P UP AVG 93 -0.0022 .9999610 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 T 68 AVG 93 -0.0107 1.0002100 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 C JUN 92 1112 6 380 -0.18188 .9955384 0.194715E-5 -0.2006194E-09 P DN JUN 92 -0.18188 .9955384 0.194715E-5 -0.2006194E-09 P UP JUN 92 -0.00027 1.0000130 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 T 68 JUN 92 -0.00036 1.0000150 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 C JUN 92 1114 6 380 20.44148 .9949346 0.120144E-5 -0.828378E-10 P DN NOV 90 17.88878 .9924060 0.24011OE-5 -0.201636E-09 P UP NOV 90 -0.00102 .9998243 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOE-10 T 68 NOV 90 -0.00309 .9998623 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOE-10 C NOV 90 For this cruise, post-cruise pressure and temperature calibration coefficients were the averages of pre- (EG&G) and post-cruise (NRCC) values for CTD/02 S/N 1111. 1111 6 380 EG&G -0.0329 .9971750 0.155581E-5 -0.1791408E-09 P DN JUN 92 -0.1008 .9943933 0.259377E-5 -0.2747487E-09 P UP JUN 92 -0.0006 1.0000170 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 T 68 JUN 92 1111 6 380 NRCC -3.9767 .9965666 0.163923E-5 -0.1817416E-09 P DN FEB 93 -5.2083 .9932633 0.303312E-5 -0.3155322E-09 P UP FEB 93 -0.0039 .9999050 O.OOOOOOE-6 O.OOOOOOOE-10 T 68 FEB 93 Conductivity coefficients applied in DLAGAVZ were pre-cruise. DLAGAVZ also lags conductivty as follows: DO 150 I=1,60 XDATA(I,3)=(l-A)*XDATA(I,3)+A*Y(3) 150 Y(3)=XDATA(I,3) where XDATA(I,3) is calibrated conductivity and A=0.87. Pre-cruise calibrations are then backed off for raw, lagged conductivity. DLAGAVZ writes an ASCILCTD file: CGOnnn.CTD = cal P, cal T, OXC, OXT, raw, lagged C EPCTDW reads the ASCII .CTD and looks to its command file for additional calibrations to apply to P (none), T (none), and C (from LINCALW). EPCTDW corrects conductivity for cell material (alumina) deformation dependence on P and T as follows: CC = CR *(1-alpha* (DATA(2,L)-15.)+beta *(DATA (I,L)/3.)) where DATA(1,L) is pressure, DATA(2,L) is temperature, alpha = 6.5E-06 and beta = 1.5E-08. EPCTDW also reads default oxygen coefficients from its command file. EPCTDW writes EPIC .CTD: CG092Cnnn.CTD = cal P, cal T, raw, lagged, corrected C, cal 0 EPCTD92 reads ASCII .CTD and looks to an EPCTD92 command file for additional calibrations to apply to P (none), T (none), C (from LINCAL92), and O (from POXFITW). EPCTD92 corrects conductivity for the cell's dependence on P and T as follows: CC = CR* (I -alpha* (DATA(2,L)-2.8)+beta* (DATA(l,L)-3000.) where DATA(1,L) is pressure, DATA(2,L) is temperature, alpha = 6.5E-06 and beta = -1.3E-07. EPCTD92 writes to EPIC .CTD: CG092Cnnn.CTD = cal P, cal T, cal C, cal 0 EPCTD92 CTD files were searched by conductivity calibration program MATCH for downtrace P, T, and C values at matching uptrace T values within a matching pressure range of ±30 db. Note that station 40 CTD downtrace is missing 0-29 db and station 88 is missing 0-55 db. Therefore 5 bottle stops had no match. A few casts used a modified version of EPCTD92 where the beta term differed from the majority. For cast 12, EPCTD92_12 used beta = -1.OE-07. For cast 56, EPCTD92_56 used beta = -1.7E-07. And for cast 84, EPCTD92_84 used beta = 1OE-07. Also, casts 2, 4, and 5 used EPCTDW with the old cell correction algorithm and normal beta term. Salinity and other standard variables were computed and the final EPIC CTD files were added to PMEL's data base and used to produce data report plots and listings. The station depth given in an EPIC header is the corrected PDR bottom depth when available. The nominal sound speed of the pinger was 1463 m/s and had to be corrected to 1500 m/s post-cruise according to Matthews' Tables (Carter, 1980). PDR depths were then corrected for regional variations in sound speed according to Matthews' Tables. The depth scale for fathometer in meters used was I fathom = 1.8288 meters. C.7.6. DATA PRESENTATION The final calibrated data in EPIC format were used to produce the plots and listings which follow. The majority of the plots were produced using Plot Plus Scientific Graphics System (Denbo, 1992). Tables 2-6 define the abbreviations and units used in the CTD/02 data summary listings. Vertical sections of potential temperature, salinity, and CTD oxygen are contoured with pressure as the vertical axis and latitude as the horizontal axis (Figs. 3-5). Nominal vertical exaggerations are 500:1 below 1000 db (lower panels) and 1250:1 above 1000 db (upper panels). Plots and summary listings of the CTD/02 data follow for each cast. All sample salinity and oxygen values are given including bad values, which are not flagged in this report. Hydrographic bottle data at discrete depths are listed in the final section. C.7.8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The assistance of the officers and crew of the USC ship John Vickers is gratefully acknowledged. Funds for the CTD/O2 program were provided to PMEL by the Climate and Global Change program under NOAA's Office of Global Programs. C.7.9. REFERENCES Carter, D.J.T. (1980): Echo-Sounding Correction Tables: Formerly Matthews' Tables. Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, Taunton. Denbo, D.W. (1992): PPLUS Graphics, P. Box 4, Sequim, WA, 98382. Joyce, T. (Editor) 1991. WOCE Operations Manual, Sections Titled: Conversion of Volumetric to Weight Concentrations, WHPO 91-1. Millard, R.C., B.J. Lake, N.L. Brown, J.M. Toole, D. Schaaf, K. Yang, H. Yu, and L. Zhao (1990): US/PRC CTD Intercalibration Report 1986-1990. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report No. WHOI-90-53, 17-18. Millard, R. and K. Yang (1993): CTD Calibration and Processing Methods used at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Draft. Soreide, N.N., M.L. Schall, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo and D.C. McClurg (1995): EPIC: An Oceanographic Data Management, Display and Analysis System. 11th International Conference on Interactive Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, January 15-20, 1995, Dallas, TX (in press). C.7.10 FIGURE LEGENDS All Figures available in the PDF version of this report Figure 1. CTD station locations made on the R/V Vickers from 7 August to 17 October, 1992. Figure 2. Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity (mmho/cm) differences plotted against cast number (upper panel). Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity (mmho/cm) differences plotted against pressure (lower panel). Figure 3. Potential temperature (°C) section along 165°E. Contour intervals are 0.2°C from 0-3°C, 0.5°C from 3-5°C, and I'C from 5-35°C in the upper panel. Contour intervals are 0. 1 °C from 0-2°C, 0.2°C from 2-3°C, 0.5°C from 3-5°C in the lower panel. Figure 4. Salinity (psu) section along 165°E. Contour intervals are 0.1 psu from 34.0-34.5 psu, 0.05 psu from 34.5-34.6 psu, and 0.1 psu from 34.6-37.0 psu in the upper panel. Contour intervals are 0. 1 psu from 34.0-34.5 psu, 0.05 psu from 34.5-34.6 psu, and 0.0 1 psu from 34.6-34.8 psu in the lower panel. Figure 5. CTD oxygen (ml/l) section along 165°E. Contour intervals are 0.5 ml/l in the upper panel and 0.2 ml/l in the lower panel. C.7.11 TABLES Table 1. CTD cast summary. STN CAST LATITUDE LONGITUDE DATE TIME W/D W/S DEPTH* SST CAST # # T (kts) (m) (C) (db) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 36 37.8N 123 13.5W 7 AUG 92 442 323 18 3250 16.2 1997 2 2 38 4.7N 124 49.9W 7 AUG 92 2207 295 15 3805 16.9 3503 3 3 41 25.7N 128 52.2W 8 AUG 92 2332 313 10 3154 18.7 2500 4 4 49 59.ON 144 59.OW 11 AUG 92 2218 222 14 4165 13.0 4288 5 5 54 14.7N 171 44.6W 17 AUG 92 2024 142 30 3234 8.2 3309 6 6 54 14.7N 161 6.OE 21 AUG 92 640 322 17 9.5 202 7 7 54 13.1N 161 8.OE 21 AUG 92 827 573 9.2 504 8 8 54 7.7N 161 9.8E 21 AUG 92 1114 296 22 8.7 1817 9 9 54 2.6N 161 22.OE 21 AUG 92 1531 297 14 9.3 2600 10 10 53 33.4N 162 3.7E 21 AUG 92 2250 225 5 3450 10.2 3529 11 11 53 29.ON 162 10.4E 22 AUG 92 443 160 3 10.3 4704 12 12 53 26.5N 162 22.4E 23 AUG 92 39 222 14 10.6 4777 13 13 53 1.2N 162 53.8E 23 AUG 92 931 250 16 10.2 5949 14 14 52 31.3N 163 35.2E 23 AUG 92 1940 236 30 5190 10.0 5252 15 15 52 0.9N 164 17.3E 24 AUG 92 833 231 20 4913 9.9 5004 16 16 51 29.7N 164 59.1E 24 AUG 92 1828 234 19 9.6 4858 17 17 50 59.1N 164 57.7E 25 AUG 92 205 336 16 4845 9.5 4782 18 18 50 30.8N 164 57.2E 25 AUG 92 942 276 16 5597 9.8 5670 19 19 49 59.1N 165 0.1E 25 AUG 92 1738 310 13 5515 9.5 5581 20 20 49 30.1N 165 0.7E 26 AUG 92 102 347 6 5515 9.9 5619 21 21 48 59.6N 164 58.2E 26 AUG 92 853 252 2 5500 10.1 5669 22 22 48 29.9N 165 1.OE 26 AUG 92 1627 280 7 5873 10.4 5949 23 23 47 59.4N 165 0.1E 26 AUG 92 2356 288 9 5850 10.7 5949 24 24 47 30.1N 165 0.2E 27 AUG 92 740 260 15 5905 10.8 5947 25 25 46 59.8N 164 59.2E 27 AUG 92 1520 289 15 5873 11.7 5949 26 26 46 30.ON 165 1.1E 27 AUG 92 2247 295 17 5832 12.4 5947 27 27 46 0.2N 165 O.OE 28 AUG 92 616 300 10 5782 13.4 5902 28 28 45 29.8N 164 58.7E 28 AUG 92 1641 25 4 13.2 5003 29 29 44 59.4N 164 58.8E 30 AUG 92 1744 280 15 5908 12.9 5950 30 30 44 29.7N 165 0.6E 31 AUG 92 124 250 14 5919 14.1 5948 31 31 44 0.2N 164 57.8E 31 AUG 92 847 251 4 5689 14.0 5803 32 32 43 30.2N 165 1.1E 31 AUG 92 1612 200 8 5564 15.0 5658 33 33 43 0.5N 165 O.OE 31 AUG 92 2322 171 12 5409 15.5 5517 34 34 42 29.9N 164 59.4E 1 SEP 92 611 159 13 5008 15.7 5076 35 35 42 0.7N 165 1.9E 1 SEP 92 1300 180 17 4730 16.8 4922 36 36 41 29.8N 165 0.5E 1 SEP 92 2040 172 22 18.8 4861 37 37 41 1.3N 164 59.4E 2 SEP 92 429 170 22 5287 19.0 5361 38 38 40 30.4N 165 0.6E 2 SEP 92 1323 252 13 5512 19.7 5600 39 39 40 0.9N 165 0.2E 2 SEP 92 2107 104 2 5497 19.5 5576 40 40 39 29.7N 165 1.1E 3 SEP 92 459 285 8 5264 21.4 5325 41 41 39 1.2N 165 1.2E 3 SEP 92 1229 189 12 5449 21.7 5488 42 42 38 28.8N 165 2.4E 3 SEP 92 2023 190 19 4658 22.0 4676 43 43 37 59.4N 165 0.4E 4 SEP 92 1119 196 26 22.0 4702 44 44 37 30.9N 165 1.1E 4 SEP 92 1924 190 20 21.3 3401 45 45 37 0.9N 164 59.9E 5 SEP 92 357 188 17 21.7 4551 46 46 36 31.8N 165 0.4E 5 SEP 92 1307 182 14 5574 22.8 5628 47 47 36 0.8N 165 0.5E 5 SEP 92 2136 232 12 5501 23.2 5594 48 48 35 21.6N 165 0.7E 6 SEP 92 646 148 15 25.3 4710 49 49 34 42.ON 165 3.2E 6 SEP 92 1548 145 20 26.0 5649 50 50 34 2.5N 165 3.2E 7 SEP 92 224 129 15 26.6 5751 51 51 33 22.6N 165 0.9E 7 SEP 92 1454 118 14 6288 26.5 5949 52 52 32 41.9N 165 1.5E 8 SEP 92 153 128 16 6247 26.8 6116 53 53 32 O.ON 165 0.4E 8 SEP 92 1343 109 18 27.2 2196 54 54 31 19.6N 164 59.1E 9 SEP 92 1322 90 17 6053 27.1 5916 55 55 30 41.3N 164 58.5E 10 SEP 92 26 75 22 27.3 5581 56 56 21 58.ON 165 0.6E 30 SEP 92 1259 34 15 27.6 5353 57 57 21 19.2N 165 0.5E 30 SEP 92 2213 20 15 5773 27.6 5690 58 58 20 39.9N 164 59.2E 1 OCT 92 742 313 6 5698 28.5 5633 59 59 19 59.3N 165 0.3E 1 OCT 92 1645 295 15 5491 28.6 5415 60 60 19 18.9N 165 0.4E 2 OCT 92 40 1670 61 61 19 32.2N 165 2.2E 2 OCT 92 1332 210 20 28.7 4548 62 62 18 39.9N 164 35.9E 2 OCT 92 2329 209 15 5403 28.8 5150 63 63 24 2.6N 164 59.1E 4 OCT 92 811 155 20 27.1 5705 64 64 26 1.7N 165 3.9E 5 OCT 92 502 155 18 26.4 4402 65 65 28 2.ON 165 O.OE 5 OCT 92 2159 153 21 5925 26.1 5544 66 66 16 0.5N 164 59.5E 8 OCT 92 1448 82 24 5388 28.6 5112 67 67 14 0.5N 164 59.4E 9 OCT 92 700 160 18 5477 28.9 5317 68 68 12 35.3N 165 22.OE 9 OCT 92 2329 88 27 5024 28.9 4758 69 69 10 0.5N 165 0.1E 10 OCT 92 2001 185 16 5106 29.2 5139 70 70 8 0.2N 165 0.3E 11 OCT 92 1050 180 7 5229 29.6 5262 71 71 6 0.2N 165 1.1E 12 OCT 92 126 45 5 5005 29.9 4939 72 72 4 0.1N 165 0.3E 12 OCT 92 1502 95 10 4480 4486 73 73 3 0.1N 164 59.6E 12 OCT 92 2349 100 14 4228 29.8 4279 74 74 1 59.8N 164 59.4E 13 OCT 92 807 80 10 4173 30.0 4225 75 75 1 30.2N 164 59.2E 13 OCT 92 1451 65 10 4264 4308 76 76 1 O.ON 164 59.2E 13 OCT 92 2102 80 7 4326 30.2 4377 77 77 0 30.3N 164 59.OE 14 OCT 92 330 95 6 4366 30.5 4423 78 78 0 1.4N 164 54.4E 14 OCT 92 1605 300 7 4315 30.1 4431 79 79 0 29.9S 164 59.9E 14 OCT 92 2150 261 10 4424 29.9 4483 80 80 0 59.5S 164 59.6E 15 OCT 92 410 174 12 4430 30.2 4487 81 81 1 29.9S 164 59.2E 15 OCT 92 1054 210 10 4454 30.1 4501 82 82 1 59.8S 164 55.5E 15 OCT 92 1716 200 16 4479 30.5 4519 83 83 2 47.8S 164 54.8E 16 OCT 92 137 132 15 3329 30.1 3277 84 84 3 11.4S 164 43.6E 16 OCT 92 725 161 14 3728 30.2 3782 85 85 3 34.3S 164 32.4E 16 OCT 92 1306 30 17 3292 30.2 3320 86 86 3 58.5S 164 21.5E 16 OCT 92 1752 20 15 2195 30.2 2225 87 87 4 21.6S 164 10.4E 16 OCT 92 2231 46 14 2372 30.1 2392 88 88 4 44.9S 164 0.2E 17 OCT 92 312 152 11 1834 29.9 1836 For stations 51 through 68, bottom depths are suspected to be deep by an average of 138 m owing to PDR problems (see text). TABLE 2. Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. Code Weather Condition -------------------------------------------- 0 Clear (no cloud) I Partly cloudy 2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s) 3 Sandstorm, dust storm, or blowing snow 4 Fog, thick dust or haze 5 Drizzle 6 Rain 7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed 8 Shower(s) 9 Thunderstorms TABLE 3. Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. Code Height (meters) Description ------------------------------------- 0 0 Calm-glassy 1 0-0.1 Calm-rippled 2 0.1-0.5 Smooth-wavelet 3 0.5-1.25 Slight 4 1.25-2.5 Moderate 5 2.5-4 Rough 6 4-6 Very rough 7 6-9 High 8 9-14 Very high 9 >14 Phenomenal TABLE 4. Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. Code Visibility ---------------------- 0 <50 meters 1 50-200 meters 2 200-500 meters 3 500-1,000 meters 4 1-2 km 5 2-4 km 6 4-10 km 7 10-20 km 8 20-50 km 9 50 km or more TABLE 5. Cloud type. Code Cloud Types ------------------------ 0 Cirrus I Cirrocumulus 2 Cirrostratus 3 Altocumulus 4 Altostratus 5 Nimbostratus 6 Stratocumulus 7 Stratus 8 Cumulus 9 Cumulonimbus X Clouds not visible TABLE 6. Cloud amount. Code Cloud Amount ------------------------------------ 0 0 1 1/10 or less but not zero 2 2/10-3/10 3 4/10 4 5/10 5 6/10 6 7/10-8/10 7 9/10 8 10/10 9 Sky obscured or not determined D. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funds for shiptime and measurement programs were supplied by NOAA's Climate and Global Change Program (NOAA-C&GC). Funds for the nutrient measurement program was supplied by the US National Science Foundation and NOAA-C&GC. E. REFERENCES Bullister, J.L. and R.F. Weiss, Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, 35 (5), 839-853, 1988. Culberson, C.H., "Dissolved Oxygen", WHP Operations and Methods, WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1, July 1992. Carpenter, J.H., (1965) "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method", Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 10, pp. 141-143. Friederich, G.E., Codispoti, L.A., and Sakamoto, C.M., "An Easy-to-Construct Automated Winkler Titration System", MBARI Technical Report 91-6, August 1991. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling, W.T., Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988. Unesco, 1983. International Oceanographic tables. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 44. Unesco, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data. Unesco memorgraph By JPOTS editorial panel. Warner, M. W., J.L. Bullister, D.P. Wisegarver, R.H. Gammon and R.F. Weiss, Basin wide Distributions of Chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the North Pacific: 1985-1989, (submitted to J. Geophysical Research) F. WHPO SUMMARY Several data files are associated with this report. They are the 3220CGC92_0.sum, 3220CGC92_1.sum, and 3220CGC92_2.sum, 3220CGC92_0.hyd, 3220CGC92_1.hyd, and 3220CGC92_2.hyd, 3220CGC92_0.csl, 3220CGC92_1.csl, and 3220CGC92_2.csl and *.wct files. The *.sum file contains a summary of the location, time, type of parameters sampled, and other pertinent information regarding each hydrographic station. The *.hyd file contains the bottle data. The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station. The *.wct files are zipped into one file called 3220CGC92_0wct.zip, 3220CGC92_1wct.zip, and 3220CGC92_2wct.zip. The *.csl file is a listing of ctd and calculated values at standard levels. The following is a description of how the standard levels and calculated values were derived for the *.csl file: Salinity, Temperature and Pressure: These three values were smoothed from the individual CTD files over the N uniformly increasing pressure levels. using the following binomial filter- t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1 When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not contained within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated to the desired level after applying the binomial filtering. Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4: KG/M3): These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale (PSS-78) and the international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80) as described in the Unesco publication 44 at reference pressures of the surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4. Gradient Potential Temperature (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the interval. The interval being the smallest of the two differences between the standard level and the two closest values. The slope is first determined using CTD temperature and then the adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the gradient potential temperature. Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication 44. Gradient Salinity (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the standard level and the two closes values. Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication 44. Potential Vorticity (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical component ignoring contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e. pv=fN2/g, where f is the coriolis parameter, N is the buoyancy frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), and g is the local acceleration of gravity. Buoyancy Frequency (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic leveling method, Fofonoff (1985) and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff (1990). Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication 44. Potential Energy (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are calculated by integrating from 0 to the level of interest. Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication 44. Neutral Density (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N (Jackett and McDougall) version 1.3 Nov. 94. G. DATA QUALITY EVALUATION G.1 AMS 14C DQE (Robert M. Key and Paul D. Quay) 1997 JUN 01 G.1.1.0 General Information WOCE cruise P13N was s carried out aboard the R/V John Vickers in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The WHPO designation for this cruise was 3220CGC92. John Bullister and John Taft, both of NOAA-PMEL were the chief scientists for leg 1 and leg 2, respectively. Leg 1 departed Dutch Harbor, Alaska on August 16, 1992 and ended on September 15, 1992 at Kwajalein. The second leg departed Kwajalein on September 26, 1992 and ended at Noumea, New Caledonia on October 21, 1992. Together the two legs made a meridional section along 165ƒE from approximately 55ƒN to 5ƒS. The reader is referred to cruise documentation provided by the chief scientists as the primary source for cruise information. This report covers details of the small volume radiocarbon samples. The AMS station locations are shown in Figure 1 and summarized in Table 1. A total of 783 D14C samples were collected including 30 profiles plus additional surface water samples. Figure 1: AMS 14C station locations for WOCE P13N. (please see PDF version for all figures) Table 1: AMS Station Locations Station Date Latitude Longitude Bottom Depth (m) ------------------------------------------------------------- 5 8/17/92 54.245 171.744 3269 14 8/23/92 52.522 163.587 5153 19 8/25/92 49.985 165.002 5472 24 8/27/92 47.501 165.003 5827 29 8/30/92 44.991 164.981 5830 34 9/1/92 42.499 164.990 4987 39 9/2/92 40.015 165.003 5470 47 9/5/92 36.013 165.008 5490 50 9/7/92 34.042 165.053 6070 54 9/9/92 31.326 164.984 5847 56 9/30/92 21.967 165.010 5264 59 10/1/92 19.988 165.005 5325 63 10/4/92 24.042 164.985 5403 64 10/5/92 26.018 165.064 4237 65 10/5/92 28.034 164.999 5732 66 10/8/92 16.009 164.992 5224 67 10/9/92 14.008 164.990 5308 68 10/9/92 12.590 165.367 4879 69 10/10/92 10.008 165.002 5059 70 10/11/92 8.014 165.021 5179 71 10/12/92 6.003 165.018 4864 72 10/12/92 4.001 165.005 4425 73 10/12/92 3.002 164.993 4222 74 10/13/92 1.996 164.99 4170 76 10/13/92 1.000 164.987 4316 78 10/14/92 0.024 164.908 4369 80 10/15/92 -0.991 164.994 4422 82 10/15/92 -1.997 164.925 4457 83 10/16/92 -2.797 164.913 3255 86 10/16/92 -3.975 164.358 2207 G.1.2.0 Personnel 14C sampling for this cruise was carried out by B. Salem and S. King from U. Washington. 14C analyses were performed at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Salinity (D. Greeley) and oxygen (K. Hargraves) were analyzed by PMEL and nutrients by U. South Florida (E. H. Rutherford). 13C analyses were run in P. Quay's lab (U. Washington). Key collected the data from the originators, merged the files, assigned quality control flags to the 14C and submitted the data files to the WOCE office (5/97). Paul Quay is P.I. for the 13C and 14C data. G.1.3.0 Results This 14C data set and any changes or additions supersedes any prior release. G.1.3.1 Hydrography Hydrography from this leg has been submitted to the WOCE office by the chief scientist and described in the hydrographic report (WHPO, 1996). G.1.3.2 14C The D14C values reported here were originally distributed in two data reports (NOSAMS, July 31, 1995 & March 3, 1997). Those reports included preliminary results which had not been through the WOCE quality control procedures. This report supersedes those data distributions. Almost all of the AMS samples from this cruise have been measured. Replicate measurements were made on 14 water samples. These replicate analyses are tabulated in Table 2. The table shows the error weighted mean and uncertainty for each set of replicates. Uncertainty is defined here as the larger of the standard deviation and the error weighted standard deviation of the mean. For these replicates, the simple average of the normal standard deviations for the replicates is 4.8” (equal weighting for each set regardless of the number of replicates in the set). This precision estimate is approximately correct for the time frame over which these samples were measured (Jun. 1994 - Aug. 1996). Note that the errors given for individual measurements in the final data report (with the exception of the replicates) include only counting errors, and errors due to blanks and backgrounds. The uncertainty obtained for replicate analyses is an estimate of the true error which includes errors due to sample collection, sample degassing, etc. For a detailed discussion of this see Key (1996). Table 2: Summary of Replicate Analyses Sta-Cast-Bottle| D14C | Err | E.W.Mean | Uncertainty ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 24-1-22 | -165.9 | 2.7 | -172.3 | 7.8 | -177.0 | 2.3 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 34-1-21 | -152.1 | 2.8 | -148.4 | 5.8 | -143.9 | 3.1 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 56-1-23 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 5.4 | -2.8 | 3.1| | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 64-1-22 | 42.5 | 4.0 | 45.8 | 2.7 | 45.5 | 3.0 | | | 47.9 | 2.9 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 67-1-23 | -146.7 | 3.0 | -135.5 | 14.6 | -126.0 | 2.7 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 71-1-20 | -121.0 | 2.6 | -120.2 | 1.8 | -119.3 | 2.6 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 72-1-21 | -115.7 | 2.7 | -112.6 | 6.3 | -106.8 | 3.7 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 73-1-18 | -104.1 | 2.8 | -99.0 | 6.6 | -94.7 | 2.5 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 74-1-22 | -89.5 | 3.2 | -90.5 | 2.0 | -91.2 | 2.7 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 76-1-21 | -75.8 | 2.4 | -74.4 | 5.6 | -67.9 | 5.3 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 78-1-22 | -85.7 | 3.2 | -82.5 | 4.5 | -79.3 | 3.2 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 80-1-22 | -80.6 | 3.0 | -80.8 | 2.0 | -81.0 | 2.8 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 82-1-22 | -86.5 | 3.5 | -84.1 | 3.8 | -81.1 | 3.8 | | ---------------|--------|------|----------|------------ 83-1-22 | -84.2 | 2.4 | -91.8 | 5.2 | -94.4 | 2.5 | | | -92.7 | 3.1 | | | -94.0 | 3.3 | | | -98.0 | 3.3 | | | G.1.4.0 Quality Control Flag Assignment Quality flag values were assigned to all D14C measurements using the code defined in Table 0.2 of WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1 Rev. 2 section 4.5.2. (Joyce, et al., 1994). Measurement flags values of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been assigned. The choice between values 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) involves some interpretation. There is little overlap between this data set and any existing 14C data, so that type of comparison was difficult. In general the lack of other data for comparison led to a more lenient grading on the 14C data. When using this data set for scientific application, any 14C datum which is flagged with a "3" should be carefully considered. My subjective opinion is that any datum flagged "4" should be disregarded. When flagging 14C data, the measurement error was taken into consideration. That is, approximately one-third of the 14C measurements are expected to deviate from the true value by more than the measurement precision (~4.7”). No measured values have been removed from this data set, therefore a flag value of 5 implies that the sample was totally lost somewhere between collection and analysis or that the measurement has not yet been reported. Table 3 summarizes the quality control flags assigned to this data set. For a detailed description of the flagging procedure see Key, et al. (1996). The number of samples flagged 5 (128) is exceptionally large for this cruise. There are a few samples which have not been completed, but the majority of these samples were lost in processing with the major factor being breakage of the gas ampules during shipment between Seattle and Woods Hole. Table 3: Summary of Assigned Quality Control Flags Flag | Number -----|------- 2 | 619 3 | 17 4 | 5 5 | 128 6 | 14 G.1.5.0 Data Summary Figures 2-5 summarize the D14C data collected on this leg. Only D14C measurements with a quality flag value of 2 ("good") or 6 ("replicate") are included in each figure. Figure 2 shows the D14C values with 2s error bars plotted as a function of pressure. The mid depth D14C minimum occurs around 2000 to 2200 meters for this section which is somewhat shallower than for other Pacific WOCE data sets reported to date. Figure 3 shows the D14C values plotted against silicate.The straight line shown in the figure is the least squares regression relationship derived by Broecker et al. (1995) based on the GEOSECS global data set. According to their analysis, this line (D14C = -70 - Si) represents the relationship between naturally occurring radiocarbon and silicate for most of the ocean. They interpret deviations in D14C above this line to be due to input of bomb-produced radiocarbon, however, they note that the interpretation can be problematic at high latitudes. It is unlikely that the points falling above the line with silicate concentrations greater than 100 mm/kg are elevated due to the addition of bomb-produced D14C. If the GEOSECS Pacific data from the same latitude range were added to Figure 3, the points would fall within the envelop of the WOCE data. Two trends are evident in Figure 3 for silicate concentrations between 25 and 130 mm/kg. The points in the upper trend (higher 14C for a given silicate concentration) are from those stations which are north of about 25ƒN. The lower trend are from the tropical stations. This bimodal distribution is similar to results from other WOCE cruises in the North Pacific. The trend for the tropical stations generally falls below Broecker's global regression line, but the shape of the trend is typical for the Pacific. There is a fairly linear relationship for samples from these stations which were collected at depths shallower than the D14C minimum and deeper than about 800 meters (silicate > ~50). Samples collected from shallower depths at these stations show an upward curving trend with decreasing silicate values reflecting the addition of bomb produced 14C. The data from the more northern stations, however, shows an atypical linear trend from the D14C minimum up to very near the surface. All of these points fall well above the global regression line, however, it is unlikely that this is solely due to addition of bomb produced 14C. Figure 2: D14C results for P13N stations shown with 2s error bars.Only those measurements having a quality control flag value of 2 are plotted. Figure 3: D14C as a function of silicate for P13N AMS samples. The straight line shows the relationship proposed by Broecker, et al., 1995 (D14C = -70 - Si with radiocarbon in ” and silicate in mmol/kg). Another way to visualize the 14C - silicate correlation is as a section. Figure 4 shows D14C as contour lines in silicate - latitude space for samples collected at depths between 500 and 2200 meters. In this space, shallow waters are toward the bottom of the figure. The 500 meter cutoff was selected to eliminate those samples having a very large bomb produced 14C component. The 2200 meter cutoff was selected because this is the approximate depth of the 14C minimum and silicate maximum for the western Pacific. For reference the 1000 meter depth contour is also shown (dashed line). If Broecker's simple correlation held throughout this region, then in waters which had no bomb 14C component, the D14C contours would be straight horizontal lines. In Figure 4 the contour lines are essentially horizontal between the equator and approximately 15ƒN and again north of approximately 25ƒN, but there is a strong upward slope to the contours between 15ƒN and 25ƒN. If we focus, for example, on the D14C = - 200” contour, it changes in silicate space from approximately 100 mmol/kg near the equator to approximately 130 mmol/kg at the north end of the section. At the far northern end of the section, this contour is somewhat shallower than 1000 meters, but else where it is deeper, therefore, it is unlikely that there is significant bomb 14C contamination with the possible exception of the small upward bump in the contour at 45ƒN (full justification of this statement will be left to formal publication). The upward shift in the contours is probably due to the large addition of silicate in the North Pacific (Talley and Joyce, 1992). This "extra" silicate would, in the most simple case, change the intercept term in Broecker's relationship. Figure 4: Section of 14C along latitude in silicate space for the 500-2200m depth range. Note that for this section, "shallow" is toward the bottom. The 1000m depth contour is added for orientation (heavy, dashed line). See text for explanation. Figure 5 compares the surface D14C values for P13N to those from the northwestern (west of the dateline) Pacific GEOSECS data set. The greatest change in concentration is in the 10ƒN to 40ƒN latitude range where the D14C levels decreased by as much as 75”. The low latitude region shows essentially no change since GEOSECS and there is indication that the same may hold true for the high latitude region along this section. Figure 6 shows contoured sections of the D14C distribution along the cruise track. The "A" portion shows the upper kilometer of the section and "B" the remainder of the water column. The data were gridded using the "loess" methods described in Chambers et al. (1983), Chambers and Hastie (1991), Cleveland (1979) and Cleveland and Devlin (1988). Figure 7 shows the same data as Figure 6A except the section is plotted in potential density (sq) - latitude space. For this section, the maximum D14C concentration was found at the surface except for a few stations near the equator which had a weak subsurface maximum around 75 meters. Both Figure 6A and Figure 7 clearly indicate those surfaces which are being directly ventilated by contact with the surface at the northern end of the section. For this section it is quite likely that there is additional ventilation and, therefore, input of bomb 14C from the Sea of Okhotsk region. Figure 5: Surface distribution of D14C along WOCE section P13N. For comparison the GEOSECS data from the northwestern Pacific are also plotted. Figure 6: D14C sections for WOCE P13N along 165ƒE. The section in shown in two parts to allow more detail. See text for gridding method. The bottom topography in B is taken from cruise data, but only using those stations on which D14C was measured. Figure 7: D14C along WOCE section P13N plotted in potential density (sq) - latitude space. G.1.5.1 REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Broecker, W.S., S. Sutherland and W. Smethie, Oceanic radiocarbon: Separation of the natural and bomb components, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(2), 263-288, 1995. Chambers, J.M. and Hastie, T.J., 1991, Statistical Models in S, Wadsworth & Brooks, Cole Computer Science Series, Pacific Grove, CA, 608pp. Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, B., and Tukey, P.A., 1983, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. Cleveland, W.S., 1979, Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots, J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 74, 829-836. Cleveland, W.S. and S.J. Devlin, 1988, Locally-weighted regression: An approach to regression analysis by local fitting, J. Am. Statist. Assoc, 83:596-610. Joyce, T., and Corry, C., eds., Corry, C., Dessier, A., Dickson, A., Joyce, T., Kenny, M., Key, R., Legler, D., Millard, R., Onken, R., Saunders, P., Stalcup, M., contrib., Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme Data Reporting, WHPO Pub. 90-1 Rev. 2, 145pp., 1994. Key, R.M., WOCE Pacific Ocean radiocarbon program, Radiocarbon, 38, in press, 1996. Key, R.M., P.D. Quay and NOSAMS, WOCE AMS Radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results; P6, P16 & P17, Radiocarbon, 38, in press, 1996. NOSAMS, National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility Data Report #95-066, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, 1995. NOSAMS, National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility Data Report #97-023, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, 1997. Talley, L.D. and T.M. Joyce, The double silica maximum in the North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5465-5480, 1992. WHPO, Data report for Cruise P13, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Pub. WHPO1996-11.1, 18pp, June, 1996. G.2 COMMENTS ON DQ EVALUATION OF WOCE P13 CTD DATA. (Michio AOYAMA) 24 May 1996 GENERAL: The data quality of WOCE P13 CTD data (EXPOCODE: 3220CGC92/0/1/2) and the CTD salinity and oxygen found in dot sea file are examined. . The individual 1 dbar profiles were observed in temperature, salinity and oxygen by comparing the profiles obtained in the same basin. The 86 profiles of P13 CTD data were divided into four groups as follows; Station number corresponding basin name ------------------------------------------- from 4 to 5 from 6 to 42 Northwest Pacific Basin from 46 to 48 from 49 to 52 from 54 to 61 East Mariana Basin from 62 to 63 from 65 to 88 Melanesia Basin The CTD salinity and oxygen calibrations are examined using the water sample data file p13.mka. DQE used the water sample data flagged "2" only for the DQE work. DETAILS G.2.1 CTD PROFILES The temperature, salinity and oxygen profiles generally look good. G.2.2 EVALUATION OF CTD CALIBRATIONS TO WATER SAMPLES G.2.2.1 SALINITY CALIBRATION; The onboard calibration for salinity looks good in general. Standard deviation of Ds, Ds = CTD salinity in dot sea file - bottle salinity, is 0.0114 PSS for deeper than 2000 dbar. This becomes small to 0.0022 PSS when DQE ignored one Ds data of -0.3178 PSS at station 29, cast 1, 3900.0 dbar where CTD salinity is bounced fresher far from the surroundings. However, 0.0022 PSS in standard deviation of Ds is still larger than that one would expect from good salinometer operation and CTD salinity calibrations. DQE also observed relatively large station dependency (fig.1) and weak pressure dependency (fig. 2). Although DQE could not find the description on the CTD calibrations in the cruise report of P13, DQE guesses that the station dependency has originated from the inappropriate station groupings to decide the cell factors. DQE found that bottle salinities bounce mostly saltier (occasionally fresher) up to +/- 0.01 PSS, though they are flagged "good" by the data originator (See DQE comment for P13 Hydrographic data.). These "questionable/bad" data flagged by DQE may affect the CTD conductivity/salinity calibration. DQE suggests that the CTD conductivity/salinity calibration should be applied in more station groups taking into account the Ds trend as shown fig. 1 and "questionable/bad" data flagged by DQE. DQE also suggests additional calibration for decreasing the pressure dependency will improve the quality of CTD salinity. G.2.2.2 OXYGEN CALIBRATION; The calibration for CTD oxygen looks good in general. DQE observed large station dependency (fig.3) and clear pressure dependency (fig. 4). Although DQE could not find the description on the CTD oxygen calibrations in the cruise report of P13, DQE guesses that the station dependency has originated from the inappropriate station groupings during the oxygen calibration. DQE suggest that the further CTD oxygen calibration using more station groupings will improve the quality of CTD oxygen. DQE also suggest additional calibration for decreasing the pressure dependency will improve the quality of CTD oxygen. G.2.3. The following are some specific problems that should be looked at: st. 50 from ca. 2500 dbar to ca. 3500 dbar, from ca. 5000 dbar to ca. 5200 dbar and from 5400 dbar to bottom: Salinity profile looks noisy. Suggest flg. "3". st. 82 at 2710 dbar. Salinity spikes/noises are observed. Suggest flg. "3". st. 83 at near bottom: Salinity spikes/noises are observed. Suggest flg. "3". st. 87 at near bottom: Salinity spikes/noises are observed. Suggest flg. "3". G.2.4 RECALIBRATION OF P13 CONDUCIVITY NOVEMBER, 1997 Conductivity calibrations were re-examined after WOCE DQE input to reduce station-to-station trends in the residuals for the majority of station groupings. Calibration files were restored from 8mm tape saveset CGC92.BCK created October 27, 1993. They were 1111_DOWN.CAL of calibrated pressure, calibrated temperature, and cell-corrected conductivity from downcast CTD data matched (MATCH.FOR) corrected (PBIAS.FOR) bottle pressure. CAST53_PCOR.CAL of corrected (PBIAS.FOR) and calibrated pressure, uncalibrated temperature, and uncorrected conductivity from upcast CTD data. There were no downcast data to match for station 53 but it was carried along independently to account for it's bottle data. 1111_FIN.CAL of uncalibrated pressure, uncalibrated temperature, and uncorrected conductivity from upcast CTD data. For CTD s/n 1111, slightly different groupings than before were chosen, and full and deep station-dependent fits were considered. We concluded again that only bottles greater than 1500 db be used in the fits. The results were Stat | NPts | NPts | %Pts | Fit | StdDev | FitBias | MinFit | MaxFit Group | Used | Total | Used | Order | | | Slope | Slope ------|------|-------|------|-------|--------|------------|----------|---------- 02-10 | 70 | 78 | 89.7 | 2 | 0.0014 | -0.0567979 | 1.001918 | 1.002002 11-14 | 48 | 53 | 90.6 | 1 | 0.0012 | -0.1109544 | 1.003234 | 1.003559 15-42 | 348 | 367 | 94.8 | 3 | 0.0017 | -0.0489930 | 1.001296 | 1.001432 47-55 | 94 | 98 | 95.9 | 2 | 0.0014 | -0.0379626 | 1.001040 | 1.001136 56 | 13 | 13 |100.0 | 0 | 0.0009 | -0.1231880 | 1.003534 | 1.003534 57-74 | 212 | 215 | 98.6 | 2 | 0.0020 | -0.0516512 | 1.001034 | 1.001107 75-88 | 111 | 125 | 88.1 | 1 | 0.0014 | -0.0196148 | 0.999910 | 0.999954 Final conductivity calibration coefficients were applied to 1111_DOWN.CAL using DCALMSTR.FOR; and to CAST53_PCOR.CAL using DCALMSTR_53.FOR. DCALMSTR_53 also applied pre-cruise temperature calibrations and a conductivity cell correction. For CTD s/n 1112, a station-dependent fit did not improve the results of the original fit in 1993, which were Stat | NPts | NPts | %Pts | Fit | StdDev | FitBias | MinFit | MaxFit Group | Used | Total | Used | Order | | | Slope | Slope ------|------|-------|------|-------|--------|------------|----------|---------- 3,28, | 63 | 67 | 94.0 | 0 | 0.0024 | -0.0043094 | 1.001918 | 1.000126 43-36 | However, 1112_FIN.CLB was ammended to include a change to station 43, remove zero bottle salinities, and have the same format as the newly calibrated .CLB files. A plot of station-to-station means and medians helped to identify three profiles that needed additional conductivity offsets. Using the same process as before, stations 24, 68, and 84 were moved closer to their neighbors. Poor | Good | Mean | Mean | Navg | Theta Cast | Cast | Delta-s | Delta-C | | Range -----|-------|---------|---------|------|---------- 24 | 23&25 | -0.0048 | -0.0039 | 11 | 1.10-1.23 68 | 67&69 | -0.0037 | -0.0030 | 13 | 1.12-1.28 84 | 82 | -0.0230 | -0.0187 | 17 | 1.39-1.59 As before, programs EPCTDW and EPCTD92 were used to apply all calibrations and corrections to downcast data and create EPIC .CTD files. Program EPICBOMSTRP was used to create EPIC .BOT files, however bottle data should be requested from Dr. John Bullister, Ocean Chemistry Data Manager. EPIC .CTD and .BOT files were copied to disk$epic1:[hayes.data.cgc92.ctd], along with EPCTD*.COM command files. It was not necessary to reload anything into the data base tables. All working files were archived on the same 8mm tape as the original calibration savesets from 1993/94. CTD data were put into WOCE format using the same program as before, WOCELST, and copied to our anonymous ftp site on hilo /ctd/p13. A new .sea file created by WOCESEA.FOR was given to John Bullister to incorporate into the ocean chemistry data base. He will put an updated P13.sea file on hilo /ctd/p13. These were then resubmitted to the WHPO. G.3 COMMENTS ON DQ EVALUATION OF WOCE P13 HYDROGRAPHIC DATA (Michio AOYAMA) 24 May 1996 The data quality of the hydrographic data of the WOCE P13 cruise (EXPOCODE: 3220CGC92/0/1/2) are examined. The data files for this DQE work was P13.sum and P13.mka (this P13.mka file is created for DQE, then it has a new column of quality 2 word) provided by WHPO. GENERAL The station spacing is basically 30 nautical miles and the sampling layer spacing was kept ca. 300 dbar in the deeper layers during this P13 cruise. The ctd lowerings were made to within several ten meters to the sea bottom except some stations. DQE observed major problems on phosphate, nitrite and nitrate and minor problem on bottle salinity. DQE asks the data originator to make a detail data report describing the quality of the water sample data. Aside from the problems described in detail in this comments, the P13 cruise data along 165 deg. E will improve our knowledge on the western North Pacific and update the deep water data set in this area. DQE used the data flagged "2" by data originator for this DQE work. DQE examined 6 profiles and 5 property vs. property plots as listed below; salinity, oxygen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate profiles theta vs. salinity plot theta vs. oxygen plot salinity vs. oxygen plot nitrate vs. phosphate plot salinity vs. silicate plot G.3.1. SALINITY; Bottle salinity profile looks good. Salinity vs. oxygen and theta vs. salinity plots also looks reasonable. DQE, however, thinks that the some flags of the bottle salinity data are not reliable. Some of the bottle salinity bounced saltier (occasionally fresher) up to +/- 0.01 PSS. The details are listed in Sec. 4.1. G.3.2. OXYGEN; Bottle oxygen profile looks good. Salinity vs. oxygen and theta vs. oxygen plots also looks reasonable. DQE thinks that the flags of the bottle oxygen data are reliable. G.3.3. NUTRIENTS; The phosphate and nitrate profiles look very noisy and varying both layer by layer and station by station especially among the first half of the stations. The silicate profiles look good in general. DQE estimates the precision of phosphate, nitrate and silicate analyses from the data at station 3, where 11 bottles are closed almost same depths and the results of the replicate analyses are available. The estimated precisions are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Parameter number mean sigma CV range of data µmol/kg µmol/kg % µmol/kg ---------------------------------------------------------- Nitrate 11 37.02 0.83 2.2 35.06 - 38.24 Phosphate 11 2.83 0.17 6.0 2.51 - 3.27 Silicate 11 182.9 0.52 0.28 181.80 - 183.95 The analytical precisions of nitrate and phosphate shown in table 1 are one order of magnitude larger than those which are required for WOCE one time WHP standards for water samples (WHPO 90-1). Both these larger values of analytical precision and observed variability of nitrate and phosphate profiles are consistent, DQE, then asks the data originator to check raw data and make a detail data report on the nutrients analyses and describe the quality of nutrient data. DQE observes that the nitrite concentrations in the deeper layers at entire stations are unreasonably high and show unreliable values up to 0.4 µmol/kg even at deeper layers. In the deeper layers, this 0.4 µmol.kg of nitrite correspond 1 % of the nitrate concentrations there and obviously affect the precision of nitrate analyses considering the required precision for nitrate analyses in WOCE WHP one-time survey standards of seawater samples. DQE, then, thinks that we can not ignore these high nitrite concentrations. DQE guesses two possibilities of the reason of these unreasonable high concentrations as follows; 1) The sample water are contaminated during the sampling/handling. 2) The data originator had got a very noisy output from nitrite colorimeter and accounted those noises as a peak of sample. DQE shows one example of this problem in Table 2 and discusses on the Possibilities mentioned above. Table 2. station/cast/layer depth nitrate nitrite sum of nitrate and nitrite dbar µmol/kg µmol/kg µmol/kg ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 61/1/104 3997 34.70 0.02 34.72 61/1/105 3695 35.06 0.04 35.10 61/1/106 3396 34.85 0.43 35.28 61/1/107 3095 35.87 0.05 35.92 61/1/108 2795 36.75 0.00 36.75 61/1/109 2498 36.55 0.08 36.63 61/1/110 2191 36.80 0.04 36.84 As shown in Table 2, nitrate profile originally shows unreasonable/unusual depletion at 3396 dbar. However, the profile of 'sum of nitrate and nitrite' does not show the unreasonable depletion. DQE thinks that this example clearly shows that the nitrite concentration should have originated from the noisy output from colorimeter not the case of contaminated samples. Since nitrate concentration is obtained by the subtraction of nitrite concentration from the 'nitrate plus nitrite' concentration, the data originator got wrong/artifact profiles of nitrate caused by the wrong/artifact nitrite profiles. DQE, however, can not entirely exclude the possibility of the contamination case, because DQE does not see the raw data of the analyses and some of the nitrate profiles look good where the nitrite profiles look bad. Anyway the nitrite concentration usually shows a peak at the nitracline, DQE, then, did not list the questionable/bad data shallower than ca. 500 dbar. In conclusion, DQE asks the data originator to check all of the nitrite data by using the raw data. This also means that nitrate concentration should be checked following the nitrite concentration revisions. If the unreasonable high nitrite concentrations are identified as a results of noisy output of calorimeter, DQE suggests that the data originator assumes nitrite concentrations in the deeper layers are zero then recalculate the nitrate concentrations. If the unreasonable high nitrite concentrations are contaminated results, DQE suggests that those data should be flagged "3" or "4". In this case, the nitrate concentrations should be good basically. DQE, however, asks the data originator to pay attention the reduction rate from nitrate to nitrite during the analyses because relatively low reduction rate might affect the nitrate concentration when the nitrite concentration is high. The details are listed in Sec. 4.2 - 4.4. G.3.4. The following are specific problems that should be looked at: STNNBR XX/ CASTNO X/ SAMPNO XX at XXXX dbar: G.3.4.1 SALINITY AND OXYGEN st. 11/1/114 at 1994 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 11/1/115 at 1794 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 12/1/112 at 2796 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 12/1/110 at 3597 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 12/1/108 at 4399 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 13/1/115 at 1794 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 13/1/102 at 5948 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 14/1/111 at 2593 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 14/1/102 at 5252 dbar: Bottle oxygen Suggest high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 15/1/101 at 5003 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 17/1/102 at 4499 dbar: CTD oxygen looks very low. Bottle flg. "4". st. 18/1/102 at 5299 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 20/1/113 at 1989 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 20/1/112 at 2293 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 21/1/110 at 2896 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 21/1/104 at 4699 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 23/1/114 at 2094 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 24/1/111 at 2796 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 26/1/114 at 1893 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 26/1/111 at 2795 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 26/1/109 at 3596 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 26/1/108 at 3998 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/109 at 3598 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/107 at 4198 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/104 at 5398 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/103 at 5697 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/102 at 5697 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 27/1/101 at 5902 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 29/1/108 at 3900 dbar: CTD salinity looks very low. Suggest flg. "4" st. 29/1/105 at 5000 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 34/1/110 at 2294 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 34/1/111 at 1991 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 37/1/107 at 3596 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 39/1/113 at 1793 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 43/1/102 at 3803 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 46/1/105 at 1997 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 47/1/111 at 2293 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 50/1/108 at 3597 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 52/1/114 at 2596 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 57/1/112 at 2390 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 62/1/110 at 2393 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 63/1/109 at 2896 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 75/1/105 at 3197 dbar: Bottle salinity looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 77/1/104 at 3496 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks high. Suggest flg. "3". st. 77/1/103 at 3795 dbar: Bottle oxygen looks low. Suggest flg. "3". st. 78/1/103 at 3797 dbar: Bottle salinity looks high. Suggest flg. "3". G.3.4.2 PHOSPHATE; 3/1/108 at 2494 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "4". 3/1/101 at 2498 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "4". 3/1/102 at 2498 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 9/1/121 at 295 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 9/1/120 at 345 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 9/1/119 at 394 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 9/1/110 at 1392 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 20/1/113 at 1989 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 20/1/112 at 2293 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 30/1/113 at 2392 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 30/1/112 at 2692 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 46/1/109 at 398 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 46/1/108 at 700 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 46/1/107 at 997 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 46/1/106 at 1496 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 46/1/105 at 1997 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 56/1/117 at 1193 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 56/1/115 at 1595 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 58/1/123 at 496 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 58/1/122 at 593 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 58/1/103 at 5099 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 58/1/101 at 5630 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 67/1/125 at 345 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 67/1/124 at 400 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 87/1/117 at 495 dbar: Phosphate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". G.3.4.3 NITRITE Nitrite concentrations listed below look high/noisy/contaminated. Suggest to revise the data according the DQE comments in Sec. 3. DQE flagged quality2 word only some of the listed data. 8/1/101 - 109 from 1816 dbar to 793 dbar. 12/1/108-114 from 4399 dbar to 1994 dbar. 14/1/101-120 from 5252 dbar to 792 dbar. 15/1/115-120 from 1591 dbar to 791 dbar. 16/1/115-120 from 1591 dbar to 795 dbar. 19/1/115-116 from 1393 dbar to 1193 dbar. 21/1/106-111 from 4097 dbar to 2595 dbar. 24/1/104-120 from 5387 dbar to 695 dbar. 25/1/113-693 from 2394 dbar to 693 dbar. 26/1/107-120 from 4397 dbar to 694 dbar. 28/1/101-106 from 5001 dbar to 1197 dbar. 29/1/107-121 from 4200 dbar to 693 dbar. 30/1/107-121 from 4200 dbar to 694 dbar. 31/1/101-121 from 5803 dbar to 590 dbar. 32/1/101-121 from 5658 dbar to 493 dbar. 34/1/101-121 from 5076 dbar to 494 dbar. 35/1/108-110 from 3244 dbar to 2745 dbar. 36/1/101-121 from 4861 dbar to 594 dbar. 37/1/101-121 from 5361 dbar to 595 dbar. 38/1/101-121 from 5599 dbar to 494 dbar. 39/1/101-121 from 5574 dbar to 594 dbar. 40/1/101-121 from 5320 dbar to 594 dbar. 41/1/101-121 from 5488 dbar to 497 dbar. 42/1/101-121 from 4676 dbar to 593 dbar. 43/1/101-106 from 4710 dbar to 796 dbar. 44/1/101-106 from 3398 dbar to 699 dbar. 45/1/101-106 from 4551 dbar to 799 dbar. 46/1/102-108 from 5001 dbar to 700 dbar. 47/1/101-121 from 5592 dbar to 493 dbar. 48/1/101-121 from 4729 dbar to 592 dbar. 49/1/101-123 from 5648 dbar to 494 dbar. 50/1/101-122 from 5751 dbar to 492 dbar. 51/1/117-122 from 993 dbar to 494 dbar. 52/1/101-123 from 5931 dbar to 498 dbar. 53/1/102-111 from 1994 dbar to 494 dbar. 54/1/103-122 from 5801 dbar to 486 dbar. 55/1/101-122 from 5579 dbar to 495 dbar. 56/1/102-123 from 5300 dbar to 496 dbar. 57/1/101-121 from 5686 dbar to 690 dbar. 58/1/101-110 from 5630 dbar to 2994 dbar. 59/1/101-123 from 5415 dbar to 494 dbar. 61/1/101-122 from 4539 dbar to 496 dbar. 62/1/101-121 from 5148 dbar to 494 dbar. 63/1/101-121 from 5497 dbar to 495 dbar. 64/1/102-122 from 4298 dbar to 494 dbar. 65/1/101-123 from 5541 dbar to 494 dbar. 66/1/101-123 from 5112 dbar to 496 dbar. 67/1/101-123 from 5317 dbar to 495 dbar. 68/1/101-123 from 4753 dbar to 493 dbar. 69/1/101-123 from 5139 dbar to 493 dbar. 70/1/101-122 from 5262 dbar to 495 dbar. 71/1/101-120 from 4939 dbar to 492 dbar. 72/1/101-120 from 4486 dbar to 595 dbar. 73/1/101-117 from 4278 dbar to 590 dbar. 74/1/101-122 from 4225 dbar to 495 dbar. 75/1/101-119 from 4308 dbar to 785 dbar. 76/1/109-120 from 1995 dbar to 594 dbar. 77/1/101-119 from 4423 dbar to 793 dbar. 78/1/101-117 from 4429 dbar to 994 dbar. 79/1/103-119 from 3797 dbar to 795 dbar. 80/1/101-120 from 4483 dbar to 698 dbar. 81/1/106-118 from 2997 dbar to 893 dbar. 82/1/101-109 from 4519 dbar to 2094 dbar. 84/1/101-118 from 3780 dbar to 892 dbar. 85/1/101-112 from 3286 dbar to 1390 dbar. 86/1/101-117 from 2221 dbar to 496 dbar. 87/1/101-117 from 2388 dbar to 495 dbar. 88/1/104-118 from 1836 dbar to 492 dbar. G.3.4.4 Nitrate 3/1/101 at 2498 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 13/1/109 at 3695 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 13/1/108 at 4098 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 13/1/107 at 4499 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks high. Suggest flg. "3". 30/1/101 at 5947 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 58/1/102 at 5399 dbar: Nitrate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". G.3.4.5 Silicate 77/1/109 at 2086 dbar: Silicate concentration looks low. Suggest flg. "3". 85/1/109 at 1791 dbar: Silicate concentration looks low. suggest flg. "3". G.4 NUTRIENTS DQE (George Anderson) 9/13/2000 NOTES ON THE REPROCESSING OF THE NO2 DATA FROM THE P13 CRUISE. The original DQE work clearly recognized and addressed the problems with the nutrient data set from Cruise P13. Relevant to the nitrite and nitrate data processing, let me reiterate some of these comments: "The...nitrate profiles look very noisy and varying both layer by layer and station by station especially among the first half of the stations." (page 2). "DQE observes that the nitrite concentrations in the deeper layers at entire stations are unreasonably high and show unreliable values up to 0.4 µmol/kg even at deeper layers....this 0.4 µmol/kg of nitrite correspond 1% of the nitrate concentrations there and obviously affect the precision of the nitrate analyses...DQE, then, thinks that we can not ignore these high nitrite concentrations." (page 2). Continuing page 2 and on page 3 of the report, the problems and two possible reasons for these problems are discussed. In response, the data originator reviewed the "deep" nitrite data. Reprocessing has been done; the revised data listing incorporates the following: 1. all nitrite values of 0.05 or less have been changed to 0.00, 2. the Q1 flag for these values has been changed from 3 to 2 if not originally flagged 2, 3. the number in the nitrate column is now the nitrate + nitrite value, in other words, the value calculated from the nitrate channel is tabulated with no correction for the value calculated from the nitrite channel. 4. for nitrite values greater than 0.05µmoles/kg, the nitrite value is shown in the data listing and is flagged 3 5. as in the original data listing the corresponding nitrate value has been corrected for the "high" nitrite value. 6. in the case of nitrite values exceeding 0.28 µmol/kg, the nitrate value has been flagged 3. I have some concerns about the reprocessed data: 1. The DQE gave an example (page 3) which indicated that at station 61, the high nitrite value (0.43 µmol/kg) shouldn't be subtracted from the nitrate channel calculation before listing the corrected nitrate value. Examining the nitrate versus db curve and the phosphate/nitrate relationship in the deeper water column are excellent ways of evaluating the "goodness" of a particularly nitrate value. This doesn't seem to have been done on the 13 stations where high nitrite values occurred. This would not have taken very much time and certainly would have been helpful in evaluating all "high" deep nitrite data and in turn the corresponding nitrate value. I plotted the nitrate and phosphate data from Table 2 for station 61. The uncorrected nitrate value at 3396 db fits better on the N03-db curve than the corrected value and the corrected value definitely falls below the PO4/NO3 curve for this station. In this case, the high nitrite value clearly shows a problem with the nitrite channel and not a general sample contamination problem. 2. based on measurements of duplicates, the data originator chose a detection limit of 0.05 µmol/kg for nitrite and 0.28 for nitrate. These relatively large values indicate problems with both analyses. Full span for the nitrite channel is generally set at ~2. An absorbance difference of ~0.025 with a factor of ~2 gives a nitrite value of 0.05 µmol/kg. An absorbance of 0.025 or even 0.0125 (1 std. dev.) is significantly different than zero. If 0.05 is taken as being equivalent to zero, why aren't all nitrite values decreased by 0.05 before being subtracted from the results of the nitrate channel computation? Why make the treatment of the nitrite data concentration dependent? I believe it is critical that data be handled consistently. This certainly has not been done with the revised nitrite data set. G.4.1 NUTRIENTS DQE (continued) (George Anderson) 9/13/2000 The estimates of precision for phosphate and nitrate were recalculated from the corrected data from station 3. These corrections are summarized in Table 1. The revised analytical precision of nitrate and phosphate shown in Table 1 are within the acceptable range required for WOCE one time WHP standards for water samples (WHP Office Report 90-1). Parameter Number Mean Sigma CV Range of Data µmol/kg µmol/kg % µmol/kg -------------------------------------------------------- Nitrate 9 37.10 0.51 1.4 36.09 ñ 37.68 Phosphate 10 2.82 0.05 1.74 2.70 ñ 2.86 The high nitrite concentrations below 500 dbar were given special consideration. DQE suggested two possibilities for the observed high values; 1) The sample water was contaminated during sampling/handling. 2) The output from the nitrite colorimeter was very noisy and accounted for the observed peaks. All nutrient samples were run as duplicates. Based on Studentís t test, a detection limit (D.L.) for both nitrite and nitrate was estimated from the standard deviation (s) of a population of differences between duplicate measurements: D.L. = t s, where t was taken at the 0.05 probability level Enough duplicates were measured during WOCE P13 that t = 2. Therefore, any concentration equal to or less than twice the corresponding values of s can be considered zero. Limits based on duplicates from WOCE P13 were 0.05 µmol/kg for nitrite and 0.28 µmol/kg for nitrate. Therefore, any nitrite sample below 500 dbar with a concentration of 0.05 µmol/kg was indistinguishable from zero and recorded as zero (nitrate samples were adjusted accordingly). These nitrite samples were flagged acceptable (2). Nitrite samples below 500 dbar greater than 0.05 µmol/kg were flagged as questionable (3). A noisy nitrite colorimeter output would have given a larger detection limit for nitrite than the estimated 0.05 µmol/kg. Nitrite values greater than 0.05 µmol/kg truly are nonzero since they occurred so frequently in the same deep bottle samples. Therefore, while we do not claim that the high nitrite values necessarily represent actual in situ concentra- tions, we do not think they are the result of bogus analyses. The remarkable consistency of high deep nitrite values in the same Niskin bottles on many casts suggests some contamination during the sampling process. The high deep nitrite values must be flagged as questionable (3) of course, and we will probably never know how they came to be. Any nitrate sample below 500 dbar with a corresponding nitrite concentration equal to or less than 0.28 µmol/kg was flagged as acceptable (2). Nitrate samples with corresponding nitrite values greater than 0.28 µmol/kg were flagged as questionable (3). There were 13 nitrate samples below 500 dbar identified as such. Attached you will find an excel file addressing specific problems identified by DQE. STN CAST SAMP CTD CTD CTD SAL OXY SILCAT PHSPHT NITRAT NITRIT QUALT NBR NO NO PRS SAL OXY NTY GEN -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1 101 2498.2 2.51 35.06 ~~~~~43~ 3 1 102 2498 2.7 ~~~~~3~~ 3 1 108 2493.9 2.86 ~~~~~2~~ 8 1 101 1816 . . . . . 41.38 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 8 1 102 1695 . . . . . . 42.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 103 1544 . . . . . . 43.23 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 8 1 104 1394 . . . . . . 44.37 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 105 1242 . . . . . . 43.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 106 1095 . . . . . . 43.33 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 107 994 . . . . . . 44.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 108 892 . . . . . . 44.33 0 ~~~~~~~2 8 1 109 793 . . . . . . 44.69 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 9 1 110 1392 2.89 ~~~~~3~~ 9 1 119 394 2.73 ~~~~~3~~ 9 1 120 345 2.83 ~~~~~3~~ 9 1 121 295 2.82 ~~~~~3~~ 12 1 108 4399 . . . . . . 36.86 0 ~~~~~~~2 12 1 109 3998 . . . . . . 37.05 0 ~~~~~~~2 12 1 110 3597 . . . . . . 37.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 12 1 111 3196 . . . . . . 37.7 0 ~~~~~~~~ 12 1 112 2796 . . . . . . 38.86 0.26 ~~~~~~~3 12 1 113 2394 . . . . . . 39.26 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 12 1 114 1994 . . . . . . 40.79 0.28 ~~~~~~~3 13 1 107 4499 37.86 ~~~~~~2~ 13 1 108 4098 38.5 ~~~~~~2~ 13 1 109 3698 38.46 ~~~~~~2~ 14 1 101 5252 . . . . . . 35.74 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 102 5252 . . . . . . 35.83 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 103 4998 . . . . . . 35.97 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 104 4698 . . . . . . 36.49 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 105 4399 . . . . . . 36.89 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 106 4096 . . . . . . 36.57 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 107 3796 . . . . . . 37.23 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 108 3498 . . . . . . 37.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 109 3194 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 14 1 110 2898 . . . . . . 38.57 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 111 2593 . . . . . . 38.87 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 112 2293 . . . . . . 39.62 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 113 1992 . . . . . . 39.99 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 114 1794 . . . . . . 41.89 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 115 1593 . . . . . . 42.31 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 116 1393 . . . . . . 42.6 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 14 1 117 1196 . . . . . . 42.98 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 118 993 . . . . . . 43.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 119 892 . . . . . . 44.02 0 ~~~~~~~2 14 1 120 792 . . . . . . 43.98 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 15 1 115 1591 . . . . . . 41.95 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 15 1 116 1394 . . . . . . 41.99 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 15 1 117 1193 . . . . . . 42.69 0 ~~~~~~~~ 15 1 118 992 . . . . . . 43.12 0 ~~~~~~~~ 15 1 119 894 . . . . . . 43.13 0 ~~~~~~~~ 15 1 120 791 . . . . . . 31.35 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 16 1 115 1591 . . . . . . 42.51 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 16 1 116 1392 . . . . . . 43.47 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 16 1 117 1193 . . . . . . 43.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 16 1 118 994 . . . . . . 43.93 0 ~~~~~~~2 16 1 119 893 . . . . . . 43.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 16 1 120 795 . . . . . . 43.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 19 1 115 1393 . . . . . . 42.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 19 1 116 1193 . . . . . . 43.17 0 ~~~~~~~2 20 1 112 2293 2.73 ~~~~~3~~ 20 1 113 1989 2.74 ~~~~~3~~ 21 1 106 4097 . . . . . . 36.72 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 21 1 107 3798 . . . . . . 36.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 21 1 108 3497 . . . . . . 36.92 0 ~~~~~~~2 21 1 109 3196 . . . . . . 37.68 0 ~~~~~~~2 21 1 110 2896 . . . . . . 38.36 0 ~~~~~~~2 21 1 111 2595 . . . . . . 39.06 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 104 5387 . . . . . . 36.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 105 5099 . . . . . . 36.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 106 4798 . . . . . . 36.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 107 4399 . . . . . . 36.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 108 3998 . . . . . . 36.76 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 109 3597 . . . . . . 37.3 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 110 3193 . . . . . . 37.67 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 111 2796 . . . . . . 38.73 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 112 2495 . . . . . . 39.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 113 2194 . . . . . . 39.55 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 114 1893 . . . . . . 40.65 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 115 1596 . . . . . . 41.25 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 116 1294 . . . . . . 42.59 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 24 1 117 994 . . . . . . 43.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 118 894 . . . . . . 43.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 119 795 . . . . . . 43.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 24 1 120 695 . . . . . . 43.25 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 25 1 113 2394 . . . . . . 38.85 0 ~~~~~~~2 25 1 114 2094 . . . . . . 39.71 0 ~~~~~~~2 25 1 115 1793 . . . . . . 41.02 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 25 1 116 1492 . . . . . . 41.83 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 25 1 117 1198 . . . . . . 42.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 25 1 118 994 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 25 1 119 893 . . . . . . 43.13 0 ~~~~~~~~ 25 1 120 793 . . . . . . 43.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 25 1 121 693 . . . . . . 43.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 107 4397 . . . . . . 36.08 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 108 3998 . . . . . . 36.16 0 ~~~~~~~~ 26 1 109 3596 . . . . . . 36.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 110 3199 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 26 1 111 2795 . . . . . . 38.3 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 112 2494 . . . . . . 38.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 113 2194 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 26 1 114 1893 . . . . . . 40.05 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 115 1592 . . . . . . 41.25 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 26 1 116 1295 . . . . . . 41.87 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 26 1 117 994 . . . . . . 42.21 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 118 894 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 26 1 119 794 . . . . . . 42.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 26 1 120 694 . . . . . . 42.14 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 28 1 101 5001.2 . . . . . . 36.43 0 ~~~~~~~2 28 1 102 4601.9 . . . . . . 36.34 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 28 1 103 3596.9 . . . . . . 37.45 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 28 1 104 2595.7 . . . . . . 39.29 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 28 1 105 1594.5 . . . . . . 42.43 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 28 1 106 1196.5 . . . . . . 43.2 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 107 4200 . . . . . . 36.88 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 108 3900 . . . . . . 37.39 0 ~~~~~~~~ 29 1 109 3597 . . . . . . 38.06 0 ~~~~~~~2 29 1 110 3297 . . . . . . 38.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 29 1 111 2996 . . . . . . 38.47 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 112 2698 . . . . . . 39 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 113 2394 . . . . . . 39.24 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 114 2090 . . . . . . 40.91 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 115 1794 . . . . . . 41.49 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 116 1491 . . . . . . 42.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 29 1 117 1191 . . . . . . 43.37 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 118 994 . . . . . . 43.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 29 1 119 894 . . . . . . 42.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 29 1 120 793 . . . . . . 42.49 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 29 1 121 693 . . . . . . 42.34 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 101 5947 34.78 ~~~~~~3~ 30 1 107 4200 . . . . . . 36.28 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 108 3897 . . . . . . 36.78 0 ~~~~~~~~ 30 1 109 3597 . . . . . . 37.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 30 1 110 3295 . . . . . . 37.86 0 ~~~~~~~2 30 1 111 2994 . . . . . . 38.24 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 112 2692 . . . . . 2.65 38.66 0.06 ~~~~~2~3 30 1 113 2392 . . . . . 2.73 38.91 0.06 ~~~~~2~3 30 1 114 2095 . . . . . . 40.46 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 115 1795 . . . . . . 41.56 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 116 1493 . . . . . . 42.38 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 117 1192 . . . . . . 42.18 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 30 1 118 994 . . . . . . 42.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 30 1 119 894 . . . . . . 42.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 30 1 120 794 . . . . . . 42.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 30 1 121 694 . . . . . . 42.57 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 101 5803 . . . . . . 36.44 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 102 5497 . . . . . . 36.43 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 103 5198 . . . . . . 36.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 104 4798 . . . . . . 36.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 105 4398 . . . . . . 37 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 106 3998 . . . . . . 37.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 107 3697 . . . . . . 37.69 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 108 3396 . . . . . . 38.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 109 3095 . . . . . . 38.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 110 2895 . . . . . . 38.69 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 111 2594 . . . . . . 39.23 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 112 2293 . . . . . . 40.27 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 113 1993 . . . . . . 40.81 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 114 1693 . . . . . . 41.84 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 115 1393 . . . . . . 42.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 116 1192 . . . . . . 43.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 117 993 . . . . . . 43.26 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 118 893 . . . . . . 43.34 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 119 794 . . . . . . 43.29 0 ~~~~~~~2 31 1 120 694 . . . . . . 42.93 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 31 1 121 590 . . . . . . 42.1 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 32 1 101 5658 . . . . . . 36.53 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 32 1 102 5198 . . . . . . 36.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 103 4799 . . . . . . 36.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 104 4399 . . . . . . 36.75 0 ~~~~~~~~ 32 1 105 3996 . . . . . . 37.34 0 ~~~~~~~~ 32 1 106 3697 . . . . . . 37.77 0 ~~~~~~~~ 32 1 107 3399 . . . . . . 38.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 108 3096 . . . . . . 38.69 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 109 2896 . . . . . . 38.91 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 110 2594 . . . . . . 39.27 0 ~~~~~~~~ 32 1 111 2295 . . . . . . 40.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 112 1992 . . . . . . 40.66 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 113 1691 . . . . . . 41.36 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 32 1 114 1393 . . . . . . 42.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 115 1192 . . . . . . 42.6 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 116 993 . . . . . . 42.69 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 32 1 117 892 . . . . . . 42.51 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 32 1 118 794 . . . . . . 42.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 119 694 . . . . . . 41.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 120 590 . . . . . . 41.76 0 ~~~~~~~2 32 1 121 493 . . . . . . 41.22 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 101 5076 . . . . . . 35.88 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 102 4699 . . . . . . 35.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 103 4399 . . . . . . 36.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 104 4099 . . . . . . 36.65 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 105 3798 . . . . . . 36.34 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 106 3497 . . . . . . 36.72 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 107 3197 . . . . . . 37.57 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 108 2894 . . . . . . 38.29 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 109 2593 . . . . . . 38.74 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 110 2294 . . . . . . 39.39 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 111 1991 . . . . . . 40.66 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 112 1794 . . . . . . 41.23 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 113 1594 . . . . . . 41.68 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 114 1392 . . . . . . 41.76 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 115 1194 . . . . . . 42.02 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 116 993 . . . . . . 42.6 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 117 894 . . . . . . 42.69 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 34 1 118 793 . . . . . . 42.93 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 119 693 . . . . . . 42.06 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 120 595 . . . . . . 41.92 0 ~~~~~~~2 34 1 121 494 . . . . . . 41.74 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 35 1 108 3244 . . . . . . 37.65 0 ~~~~~~~2 35 1 109 2996 . . . . . . 37.75 0 ~~~~~~~2 35 1 110 2745 . . . . . . 38.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 101 4861 . . . . . . 36.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 102 4699 . . . . . . 36.26 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 103 4299 . . . . . . 36.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 104 3997 . . . . . . 36.69 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 105 3697 . . . . . . 37.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 106 3395 . . . . . . 37.33 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 107 3096 . . . . . . 37.58 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 108 2793 . . . . . . 38.61 0 ~~~~~~~~ 36 1 109 2495 . . . . . . 39.61 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 110 2194 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 36 1 111 1893 . . . . . . 40.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 112 1692 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 36 1 113 1492 . . . . . . 41.46 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 114 1294 . . . . . . 42.46 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 115 1191 . . . . . . 42.8 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 116 1093 . . . . . . 42.74 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 117 993 . . . . . . 42.12 0.26 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 118 893 . . . . . . 42.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 36 1 119 793 . . . . . . 41.43 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 120 693 . . . . . . 40.9 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 36 1 121 594 . . . . . . 39.11 0.28 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 101 5361 . . . . . . 35.69 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 102 5099 . . . . . . 35.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 103 4799 . . . . . . 36.27 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 104 4503 . . . . . . 36.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 105 4199 . . . . . . 36.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 106 3898 . . . . . . 36.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 107 3596 . . . . . . 36.58 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 108 3299 . . . . . . 37.4 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 109 2994 . . . . . . 38.36 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 110 2694 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 37 1 111 2396 . . . . . . 39.92 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 112 2092 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 37 1 113 1791 . . . . . . 41.72 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 114 1495 . . . . . . 41.9 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 115 1195 . . . . . . 42.84 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 116 1092 . . . . . . 42.25 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 117 992 . . . . . . 41.97 0.25 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 118 894 . . . . . . 42.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 37 1 119 794 . . . . . . 41.73 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 120 692 . . . . . . 40.37 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 37 1 121 595 . . . . . . 38.98 0.24 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 101 5599 . . . . . . 36.35 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 102 5198 . . . . . . 36.06 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 103 4900 . . . . . . 36.69 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 104 4498 . . . . . . 36.74 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 105 4099 . . . . . . 36.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 106 3697 . . . . . . 37.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 107 3397 . . . . . . 37.67 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 108 3097 . . . . . . 38.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 109 2795 . . . . . . 39.11 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 110 2494 . . . . . . 39.73 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 111 2192 . . . . . . 40.62 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 112 1893 . . . . . . 41.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 113 -9 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 38 1 114 1391 . . . . . . 42.65 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 115 1193 . . . . . . 43 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 116 992 . . . . . . 41.81 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 117 892 . . . . . . 41.72 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 118 782 . . . . . . 41.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 119 693 . . . . . . 40.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 38 1 120 592 . . . . . . 38.7 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 38 1 121 494 . . . . . . 35.99 0.24 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 101 5574 . . . . . . 35.04 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 102 5098 . . . . . . 35.34 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 103 4797 . . . . . . 35.92 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 104 4497 . . . . . . 36.08 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 105 4197 . . . . . . 35.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 106 3897 . . . . . . 36.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 107 3598 . . . . . . 36.75 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 108 3295 . . . . . . 37.26 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 109 2995 . . . . . . 37.41 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 110 2697 . . . . . . 38.6 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 111 2398 . . . . . . 40.02 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 112 2095 . . . . . . 40.65 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 113 1793 . . . . . . 40.95 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 114 1593 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 39 1 115 1393 . . . . . . 41.67 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 116 1192 . . . . . . 42.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 117 994 . . . . . . 41.99 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 118 895 . . . . . . 41.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 119 794 . . . . . . 41.05 0 ~~~~~~~2 39 1 120 694 . . . . . . 40.96 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 39 1 121 594 . . . . . . 39.5 0.28 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 101 5320 . . . . . . 35.49 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 102 5099 . . . . . . 35.65 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 103 4798 . . . . . . 35.48 0 ~~~~~~~2 40 1 104 4498 . . . . . . 35.76 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 105 4198 . . . . . . 36.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 40 1 106 3898 . . . . . . 36.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 40 1 107 3598 . . . . . . 36.63 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 108 3297 . . . . . . 36.89 0 ~~~~~~~2 40 1 109 2996 . . . . . . 37.68 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 110 2695 . . . . . . 38.78 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 111 2394 . . . . . . 39.51 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 112 2095 . . . . . . 40.45 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 113 1793 . . . . . . 40.89 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 114 1592 . . . . . . 42.03 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 115 1392 . . . . . . 42.18 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 116 1192 . . . . . . 42.03 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 117 994 . . . . . . 41.31 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 118 894 . . . . . . 41.44 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 119 793 . . . . . . 40.32 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 120 694 . . . . . . 39.3 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 40 1 121 594 . . . . . . 38.32 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 101 5488 . . . . . . 36.2 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 102 5097 . . . . . . 36.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 103 4799 . . . . . . 36.35 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 104 4501 . . . . . . 36.24 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 105 4098 . . . . . . 36.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 106 3695 . . . . . . 37.29 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 107 3395 . . . . . . 37.67 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 108 3097 . . . . . . 38.08 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 109 2795 . . . . . . 38.59 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 110 2495 . . . . . . 40.06 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 111 2196 . . . . . . 41.27 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 112 1894 . . . . . . 41.2 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 113 1595 . . . . . . 41.98 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 114 1395 . . . . . . 42.11 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 115 1195 . . . . . . 41.91 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 116 996 . . . . . . 41.77 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 117 896 . . . . . . 40.61 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 118 807 . . . . . . 40.13 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 119 696 . . . . . . 38.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 41 1 120 601 . . . . . . 35.48 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 41 1 121 497 . . . . . . 30.28 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 101 4676 . . . . . . 35.71 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 102 4301 . . . . . . 36.26 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 103 3999 . . . . . . 36.32 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 104 3699 . . . . . . 37.17 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 105 3396 . . . . . . 37.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 42 1 106 3096 . . . . . . 38.13 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 107 2794 . . . . . . 38.46 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 108 2495 . . . . . . 40.02 0 ~~~~~~~2 42 1 109 2192 . . . . . . 41.38 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 110 1992 . . . . . . 42.38 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 111 1791 . . . . . . 42.15 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 112 1594 . . . . . . 42.43 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 113 1392 . . . . . . 41.9 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 114 1293 . . . . . . 42.14 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 115 1192 . . . . . . 41.8 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 116 1095 . . . . . . 41.05 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 117 995 . . . . . . 40.09 0.25 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 118 893 . . . . . . 39.14 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 119 793 . . . . . . 37.19 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 120 693 . . . . . . 33.55 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 42 1 121 593 . . . . . . 27.66 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 101 4709.5 . . . . . . 35.08 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 102 3803.1 . . . . . . 35.72 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 103 2798 . . . . . . 38.61 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 104 1995.4 . . . . . . 41.93 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 105 1195.9 . . . . . . 41.81 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 43 1 106 796.2 . . . . . . 35.29 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 44 1 101 3398.8 . . . . . . 37.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 44 1 102 2795.2 . . . . . . 38.82 0 ~~~~~~~2 44 1 103 1998.6 . . . . . . 41.23 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 44 1 104 1495.2 . . . . . . 43.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 44 1 105 998.2 . . . . . . 41.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 44 1 106 698.9 . . . . . . 34.66 0 ~~~~~~~2 45 1 101 4551.4 . . . . . . 35.16 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 45 1 102 4001.3 . . . . . . 35.98 0 ~~~~~~~2 45 1 103 2994.7 . . . . . . 37.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 45 1 104 1999.5 . . . . . . 41.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 45 1 105 1397.1 . . . . . . 42.93 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 45 1 106 798.7 . . . . . . 39.45 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 46 1 102 5001.4 . . . . . . 35.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 46 1 103 4001.2 . . . . . . 35.65 0 ~~~~~~~2 46 1 104 2998.7 . . . . . . 37.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 46 1 105 1996.9 . . . . . 3.01 41.62 0.07 ~~~~~2~3 46 1 106 1496.4 . . . . . 3.12 42.51 0 ~~~~~2~2 46 1 107 996.6 . . . . . 3.05 40.16 0 ~~~~~2~2 46 1 108 700.4 . . . . . 2.76 36.7 0 ~~~~~2~2 46 1 109 397.6 1.53 ~~~~~2~2 47 1 101 5592 . . . . . . 34.83 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 102 5000 . . . . . . 36.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 103 4698 . . . . . . 35.54 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 104 4400 . . . . . . 36.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 105 4097 . . . . . . 36.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 106 3795 . . . . . . 36.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 107 3497 . . . . . . 37.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 108 3196 . . . . . . 37.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 109 2895 . . . . . . 38.02 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 110 2592 . . . . . . 38.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 47 1 111 2293 . . . . . . 39.92 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 112 1993 . . . . . . 40.43 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 113 1693 . . . . . . 40.89 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 114 1394 . . . . . . 41.39 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 115 1192 . . . . . . 41.32 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 116 993 . . . . . . 40.9 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 117 894 . . . . . . 40.54 0.29 ~~~~~~33 47 1 118 793 . . . . . . 39.15 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 119 695 . . . . . . 37.23 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 120 595 . . . . . . 34.14 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 47 1 121 493 . . . . . . 28.77 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 101 4709 . . . . . . 36.33 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 102 4500 . . . . . . 36.05 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 103 4200 . . . . . . 36.6 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 104 3899 . . . . . . 36.85 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 105 3598 . . . . . . 37.16 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 106 3295 . . . . . . 37.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 107 2995 . . . . . . 38.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 108 2697 . . . . . . 39.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 109 2396 . . . . . . 39.91 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 110 2196 . . . . . . 40.15 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 111 1994 . . . . . . 40.57 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 112 1794 . . . . . . 41.23 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 113 1595 . . . . . . 41.59 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 114 1394 . . . . . . 41.03 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 115 1193 . . . . . . 41.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 116 1094 . . . . . . 40.63 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 117 993 . . . . . . 40.85 0.28 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 118 893 . . . . . . 41.18 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 119 789 . . . . . . 40.84 0 ~~~~~~~2 48 1 120 694 . . . . . . 39.6 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 48 1 121 592 . . . . . . 36.63 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 101 5648 . . . . . . 34.75 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 102 5498 . . . . . . 34.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 49 1 103 5298 . . . . . . 34.75 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 104 5000 . . . . . . 35.16 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 105 4698 . . . . . . 35.68 0 ~~~~~~~2 49 1 106 4400 . . . . . . 12.3 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 107 4098 . . . . . . 36.16 0 ~~~~~~~2 49 1 108 3792 . . . . . . 36.68 0 ~~~~~~~2 49 1 109 3494 . . . . . . 36.88 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 110 3192 . . . . . . 37.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 49 1 111 2895 . . . . . . 37.7 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 112 2597 . . . . . . 38.52 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 113 2270 . . . . . . 38.76 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 114 1995 . . . . . . 40.22 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 115 1691 . . . . . . 41.19 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 116 1395 . . . . . . 41.92 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 117 1194 . . . . . . 41.64 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 118 992 . . . . . . 41.39 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 119 894 . . . . . . 40.76 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 120 794 . . . . . . 39.48 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 121 696 . . . . . . 37.54 0.21 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 122 595 . . . . . . 30.9 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 49 1 123 494 . . . . . . 30.01 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 101 5751 . . . . . . 34.4 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 102 5599 . . . . . . 34.36 0 ~~~~~~~2 50 1 103 5396 . . . . . . 34.44 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 104 5100 . . . . . . 34.8 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 105 4800 . . . . . . 35.15 0 ~~~~~~~2 50 1 106 4400 . . . . . . 35.71 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 107 4003 . . . . . . 36.28 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 108 3597 . . . . . . 36.44 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 109 3196 . . . . . . 37.31 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 110 2899 . . . . . . 37.96 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 111 2593 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 50 1 112 2296 . . . . . . 39.6 0 ~~~~~~~2 50 1 113 1995 . . . . . . 39.78 0.24 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 114 1694 . . . . . . 40.87 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 115 1389 . . . . . . 42.17 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 116 1193 . . . . . . 42.23 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 117 995 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 50 1 118 896 . . . . . . 39.72 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 119 792 . . . . . . 37.98 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 120 697 . . . . . . 35.61 0.19 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 121 596 . . . . . . 31.06 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 50 1 122 492 . . . . . . 23.06 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 51 1 117 993 . . . . . . 41.27 0 ~~~~~~~2 51 1 118 881 . . . . . . 39.47 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 51 1 119 794 . . . . . . 37.61 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 51 1 120 695 . . . . . . 34.02 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 51 1 121 594 . . . . . . 15.04 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 51 1 122 494 . . . . . . 18.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 52 1 101 5931 . . . . . . 34.36 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 102 5696 . . . . . . 34.23 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 103 5399 . . . . . . 34.66 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 104 5103 . . . . . . 35.01 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 105 4799 . . . . . . 35.27 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 106 6101 . . . . . . 34.34 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 107 5797 . . . . . . 34.38 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 108 5397 . . . . . . 34.72 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 109 4999 . . . . . . 35.04 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 110 4598 . . . . . . 35.19 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 111 4100 . . . . . . 36.02 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 112 3596 . . . . . . 36.51 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 113 3096 . . . . . . 37.11 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 114 2596 . . . . . . 37.87 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 115 2100 . . . . . . 39.89 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 116 1592 . . . . . . 42.34 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 117 1391 . . . . . . 42.49 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 118 1195 . . . . . . 40.98 0.16 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 119 994 . . . . . . 40.59 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 120 787 . . . . . . 36.9 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 121 698 . . . . . . 32.05 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 122 597 . . . . . . 25.8 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 52 1 123 498 . . . . . . 18.11 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 102 1993.8 . . . . . . 41.2 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 103 1691.3 . . . . . . 42.33 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 104 1394.6 . . . . . . 42.27 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 105 1195.1 . . . . . . 41.55 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 106 993.4 . . . . . . 39.99 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 107 891.2 . . . . . . 37.52 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 108 794.3 . . . . . . 21.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 53 1 109 693.4 . . . . . . 25.81 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 110 596.3 . . . . . . 18.94 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 53 1 111 494.2 . . . . . . 13.44 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 103 5801 . . . . . . 34.85 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 104 5699 . . . . . . 34.47 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 105 5299 . . . . . . 34.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 106 4899 . . . . . . 35 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 107 4499 . . . . . . 35.68 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 108 4099 . . . . . . 36.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 109 3796 . . . . . . 36.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 110 3498 . . . . . . 36.72 0 ~~~~~~~2 54 1 111 3197 . . . . . . 37.26 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 112 2895 . . . . . . 37.33 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 113 2593 . . . . . . 37.95 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 114 2290 . . . . . . 38.96 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 115 1993 . . . . . . 40.95 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 116 1694 . . . . . . 42.25 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 117 1393 . . . . . . 42.42 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 118 1195 . . . . . . 42.27 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 119 990 . . . . . . 40.3 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 120 789 . . . . . . 34.52 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 121 593 . . . . . . 20.55 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 54 1 122 496 . . . . . . 14.4 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 101 5579 . . . . . . 34.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 102 5402 . . . . . . 34.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 103 5197 . . . . . . 35.03 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 104 4899 . . . . . . 35.34 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 105 4498 . . . . . . 35.52 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 106 4099 . . . . . . 35.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 107 3698 . . . . . . 36.44 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 108 3398 . . . . . . 37.07 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 109 3097 . . . . . . 37.56 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 110 2793 . . . . . . 37.73 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 111 2493 . . . . . . 39.09 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 112 2192 . . . . . . 40.19 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 113 1897 . . . . . . 40.86 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 114 1594 . . . . . . 42.17 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 115 1393 . . . . . . 42.22 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 116 1194 . . . . . . 42.14 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 117 994 . . . . . . 40.39 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 118 894 . . . . . . 38.32 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 119 794 . . . . . . 34.8 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 120 694 . . . . . . 29.51 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 55 1 121 595 . . . . . . 20.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 55 1 122 495 . . . . . . 15.26 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 102 5300 . . . . . . 33.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 103 5099 . . . . . . 33.35 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 104 4800 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 56 1 105 4501 . . . . . . 34.07 0.25 ~~~~~~~3 56 1 106 4199 . . . . . . 34.3 0.36 ~~~~~~33 56 1 107 3899 . . . . . . 35.03 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 56 1 108 3595 . . . . . . 34.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 109 3294 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 56 1 110 2993 . . . . . . 35.65 0.39 ~~~~~~33 56 1 111 2692 . . . . . . 35.88 0.52 ~~~~~~33 56 1 112 2396 . . . . . . 35.22 0.38 ~~~~~~33 56 1 113 2094 . . . . . . 36.2 0.19 ~~~~~~~3 56 1 114 1792 . . . . . . 37.08 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 56 1 115 1595 . . . . . 2.74 38.29 0 ~~~~~2~2 56 1 116 1391 . . . . . . 37.51 0.34 ~~~~~~33 56 1 117 1193 . . . . . 2.69 37.82 0.27 ~~~~~2~3 56 1 118 993 . . . . . . 37.17 0.4 ~~~~~~33 56 1 119 890 . . . . . . 38.94 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 120 794 . . . . . . 37.39 0.36 ~~~~~~33 56 1 121 692 . . . . . . 35.62 0.24 ~~~~~~~3 56 1 122 596 . . . . . . 32.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 56 1 123 496 . . . . . . 22.58 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 101 5686 . . . . . . 33.75 0 ~~~~~~~~ 57 1 102 5401 . . . . . . 33.44 0 ~~~~~~~~ 57 1 103 5098 . . . . . . 33.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 104 4800 . . . . . . 33.98 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 105 4497 . . . . . . 34.4 0 ~~~~~~~~ 57 1 106 4200 . . . . . . 34.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 107 3899 . . . . . . 35 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 108 3597 . . . . . . 35.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 109 3298 . . . . . . 33.66 0.53 ~~~~~~33 57 1 110 2989 . . . . . . 35.99 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 111 2691 . . . . . . 36.72 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 112 2390 . . . . . . 36.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 113 2093 . . . . . . 36.68 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 114 1795 . . . . . . 37.03 0.31 ~~~~~~33 57 1 115 1590 . . . . . . 38.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 116 1387 . . . . . . 37.54 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 117 1194 . . . . . . 38.43 0 ~~~~~~~2 57 1 118 992 . . . . . . 38.52 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 119 893 . . . . . . 38.69 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 120 792 . . . . . . 38.13 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 57 1 121 690 . . . . . . 35.11 0.19 ~~~~~~~3 58 1 101 5630 . . . . . 2.2 33.47 0.08 ~~~~~2~3 58 1 102 5399 . . . . . . 32.11 0.37 ~~~~~~33 58 1 103 5099 . . . . . 2.23 32.92 0.3 ~~~~~233 58 1 104 4799 . . . . . . 34.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 58 1 105 4499 . . . . . . 34.43 0.2 ~~~~~~~3 58 1 106 4198 . . . . . . 34.13 0.26 ~~~~~~~3 58 1 107 3898 . . . . . . 35.48 0 ~~~~~~~~ 58 1 108 3596 . . . . . . 36.1 0 ~~~~~~~~ 58 1 109 3296 . . . . . . 36.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 58 1 110 2994 . . . . . . 36.18 0.21 ~~~~~~~3 58 1 122 593 2.11 ~~~~~2~~ 58 1 123 496 1.48 ~~~~~2~~ 59 1 101 5415 . . . . . . 33.84 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 102 5101 . . . . . . 33.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 103 4900 . . . . . . 34.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 104 4599 . . . . . . 34.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 105 4300 . . . . . . 34.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 106 3997 . . . . . . 35.04 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 107 3700 . . . . . . 35.75 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 108 3398 . . . . . . 35.68 0 ~~~~~~~~ 59 1 109 3092 . . . . . . 36.55 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 110 2795 . . . . . . 36.91 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 111 2496 . . . . . . 37.89 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 112 2190 . . . . . . 37.56 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 113 1893 . . . . . . 37.62 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 114 1693 . . . . . . 38.15 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 115 1493 . . . . . . 38.53 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 116 1293 . . . . . . 38.76 0 ~~~~~~~~ 59 1 117 1094 . . . . . . 39.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 59 1 118 994 . . . . . . 38.51 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 119 891 . . . . . . 38.48 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 120 794 . . . . . . 38.53 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 121 693 . . . . . . 37.53 0 ~~~~~~~~ 59 1 122 594 . . . . . . 32.63 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 59 1 123 493 . . . . . . 25.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 101 4539 . . . . . . 34.61 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 61 1 102 4400 . . . . . . 34.25 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 61 1 103 4298 . . . . . . 34.77 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 61 1 104 3997 . . . . . . 34.72 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 105 3695 . . . . . . 35.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 106 3396 . . . . . . 34.85 0.43 ~~~~~~33 61 1 107 3095 . . . . . . 35.92 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 108 2795 . . . . . . 36.75 0 ~~~~~~~~ 61 1 109 2498 . . . . . . 36.55 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 61 1 110 2191 . . . . . . 36.84 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 111 1988 . . . . . . 37.56 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 112 1792 . . . . . . 37.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 113 1595 . . . . . . 37.74 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 114 1393 . . . . . . 38.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 115 1192 . . . . . . 37.92 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 116 1091 . . . . . . 38.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 117 993 . . . . . . 38.16 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 118 892 . . . . . . 38.5 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 119 792 . . . . . . 38.2 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 61 1 120 690 . . . . . . 37.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 121 591 . . . . . . 33.65 0 ~~~~~~~2 61 1 122 496 . . . . . . 27.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 62 1 101 5148 . . . . . . 33.29 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 102 4799 . . . . . . 33.35 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 103 4499 . . . . . . 34.25 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 104 4199 . . . . . . 34.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 62 1 105 3898 . . . . . . 34.93 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 106 3598 . . . . . . 34.55 0.22 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 107 3297 . . . . . . 35.09 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 108 2996 . . . . . . 36.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 62 1 109 2696 . . . . . . 36.51 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 110 2393 . . . . . . 37.01 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 111 2095 . . . . . . 36.96 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 112 1790 . . . . . . 37.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 62 1 113 1591 . . . . . . 36.79 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 114 1390 . . . . . . 37.17 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 115 1194 . . . . . . 38.15 0 ~~~~~~~2 62 1 116 990 . . . . . . 37.3 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 117 892 . . . . . . 37.55 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 118 793 . . . . . . 37.07 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 119 693 . . . . . . 37.41 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 120 594 . . . . . . 33.78 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 62 1 121 494 . . . . . . 24.52 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 101 5497 . . . . . . 33.42 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 102 5401 . . . . . . 33.32 0 ~~~~~~~2 63 1 103 5096 . . . . . . 33.16 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 104 4796 . . . . . . 32.72 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 105 4399 . . . . . . 33.82 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 106 3998 . . . . . . 34.13 0.25 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 107 3597 . . . . . . 34.94 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 108 3197 . . . . . . 34.84 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 109 2896 . . . . . . 35.03 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 110 2597 . . . . . . 36.97 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 111 2293 . . . . . . 37.22 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 112 1995 . . . . . . 36.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 63 1 113 1696 . . . . . . 36.96 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 114 1392 . . . . . . 37.98 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 115 1192 . . . . . . 39.34 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 116 998 . . . . . . 39.71 0 ~~~~~~~2 63 1 117 897 . . . . . . 38.51 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 118 796 . . . . . . 35.9 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 119 698 . . . . . . 31.14 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 63 1 120 595 . . . . . . 23.99 0 ~~~~~~~2 63 1 121 495 . . . . . . 18.93 0 ~~~~~~~~ 64 1 102 4298 . . . . . . 35.21 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 103 3999 . . . . . . 35.41 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 104 3700 . . . . . . 35.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 105 3397 . . . . . . 36.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 106 3095 . . . . . . 36.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 107 2793 . . . . . . 37.3 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 108 2495 . . . . . . 37.84 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 109 2192 . . . . . . 37.92 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 110 1995 . . . . . . 38.24 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 111 1792 . . . . . . 38.66 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 112 1593 . . . . . . 39.99 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 113 1393 . . . . . . 40.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 114 1292 . . . . . . 39.95 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 115 1194 . . . . . . 40.68 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 116 1091 . . . . . . 39.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 117 991 . . . . . . 38.99 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 118 885 . . . . . . 37.82 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 119 790 . . . . . . 33.62 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 64 1 120 686 . . . . . . 28.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 121 589 . . . . . . 21.66 0 ~~~~~~~2 64 1 122 494 . . . . . . 15.18 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 101 5541 . . . . . . 33.4 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 102 5297 . . . . . . 34.17 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 103 5099 . . . . . . 33.7 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 104 4799 . . . . . . 34.29 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 105 4499 . . . . . . 34.43 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 106 4199 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 65 1 107 3899 . . . . . . 35.42 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 108 3597 . . . . . . 35.31 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 109 3297 . . . . . . 35.51 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 110 2998 . . . . . . 36.07 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 111 2698 . . . . . . 36.36 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 112 2396 . . . . . . 35.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 113 2096 . . . . . . 37.03 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 114 1795 . . . . . . 39.33 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 115 1593 . . . . . . 39.86 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 116 1393 . . . . . . 40.34 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 117 1192 . . . . . . 40.56 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 118 994 . . . . . . 38.86 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 119 894 . . . . . . 37.5 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 120 793 . . . . . . 34.56 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 121 694 . . . . . . 29.02 0 ~~~~~~~2 65 1 122 594 . . . . . . 23.27 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 65 1 123 494 . . . . . . 16.9 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 101 5112 . . . . . . 32.17 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 102 4900 . . . . . . 32.34 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 103 4699 . . . . . . 32.43 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 104 4400 . . . . . . 33.15 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 105 4099 . . . . . . 34.04 0.23 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 106 3797 . . . . . . 34.25 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 107 3498 . . . . . . 34.43 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 108 3196 . . . . . . 35.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 66 1 109 2895 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 66 1 110 2595 . . . . . . 35.95 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 111 2292 . . . . . . 36.2 0.15 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 112 1995 . . . . . . 37.36 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 113 1695 . . . . . . 36.53 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 114 1493 . . . . . . 35.3 0.18 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 115 1292 . . . . . . 36.96 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 116 1192 . . . . . . 37.29 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 117 1095 . . . . . . 37.63 0.21 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 118 993 . . . . . . 38.52 0.19 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 119 895 . . . . . . 38.1 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 120 792 . . . . . . 37.5 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 121 695 . . . . . . 37.44 0 ~~~~~~~2 66 1 122 594 . . . . . . 36.22 0.24 ~~~~~~~3 66 1 123 496 . . . . . . 34.33 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 101 5317 . . . . . . 33.24 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 102 4899 . . . . . . 32.85 0 ~~~~~~~~ 67 1 103 4598 . . . . . . 33.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 104 4299 . . . . . . 34.03 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 105 3999 . . . . . . 33.91 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 106 3699 . . . . . . 34.35 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 107 3396 . . . . . . 34.38 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 108 3094 . . . . . . 36.31 0 ~~~~~~~~ 67 1 109 2794 . . . . . . 36.37 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 110 2596 . . . . . . 36.44 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 111 2379 . . . . . . 36.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 112 2193 . . . . . . 37.6 0 ~~~~~~~~ 67 1 113 1899 . . . . . . 36.71 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 114 1689 . . . . . . 38.01 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 115 1492 . . . . . . 37.99 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 116 1291 . . . . . . 38.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 117 1121 . . . . . . 39.23 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 118 993 . . . . . . 38.99 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 119 893 . . . . . . 38.86 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 120 793 . . . . . . 37.67 0 ~~~~~~~2 67 1 121 693 . . . . . . 38.12 0 ~~~~~~~~ 67 1 122 593 . . . . . . 35.2 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 123 495 . . . . . . 34.25 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 67 1 124 400 2.46 ~~~~~2~~ 67 1 125 345 2.23 ~~~~~2~~ 68 1 101 4753 . . . . . . 33.38 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 102 4498 . . . . . . 34.31 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 103 4298 . . . . . . 33.9 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 104 3998 . . . . . . 34.95 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 105 3699 . . . . . . 35.52 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 106 3396 . . . . . . 35.39 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 107 3096 . . . . . . 35.49 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 108 2796 . . . . . . 36.24 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 109 2491 . . . . . . 37.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 110 2194 . . . . . . 37.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 111 1992 . . . . . . 37.37 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 112 1792 . . . . . . 37.08 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 113 1593 . . . . . . 36.69 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 114 1394 . . . . . . 37.71 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 115 1290 . . . . . . 37.94 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 116 1193 . . . . . . 37.7 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 117 1094 . . . . . . 36.93 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 118 992 . . . . . . 36.82 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 119 892 . . . . . . 36.72 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 120 794 . . . . . . 35.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 121 692 . . . . . . 35.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 68 1 122 592 . . . . . . 33.88 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 68 1 123 493 . . . . . . 32.62 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 101 5139 . . . . . . 32.29 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 102 4899 . . . . . . 33.19 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 103 4701 . . . . . . 33.33 0.14 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 104 4375 . . . . . . 33.95 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 105 4099 . . . . . . 34.18 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 106 3797 . . . . . . 34.82 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 107 3497 . . . . . . 34.86 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 108 3195 . . . . . . 36.33 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 109 2895 . . . . . . 36.42 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 110 2596 . . . . . . 36.7 0 ~~~~~~~2 69 1 111 2293 . . . . . . 37.6 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 112 1995 . . . . . . 37.65 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 113 1694 . . . . . . 37.97 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 114 1492 . . . . . . 38.11 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 115 1294 . . . . . . 38.68 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 116 1189 . . . . . . 38.64 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 117 1092 . . . . . . 38.66 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 118 994 . . . . . . 38.57 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 119 894 . . . . . . 38.18 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 120 794 . . . . . . 38.34 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 121 692 . . . . . . 37.91 0 ~~~~~~~2 69 1 122 594 . . . . . . 35.72 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 69 1 123 496 . . . . . . 34.73 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 101 5262 . . . . . . 33.49 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 102 4899 . . . . . . 33.96 0 ~~~~~~~2 70 1 103 4598 . . . . . . 32.69 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 104 4299 . . . . . . 34.33 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 105 3998 . . . . . . 35 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 106 3698 . . . . . . 34.44 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 107 3396 . . . . . . 36.23 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 108 3095 . . . . . . 36.26 0 ~~~~~~~2 70 1 109 2794 . . . . . . 36.12 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 110 2493 . . . . . . 37.53 0 ~~~~~~~2 70 1 111 2191 . . . . . . 37.79 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 112 1890 . . . . . . 37.92 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 113 1692 . . . . . . 38.53 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 114 1493 . . . . . . 38.5 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 115 1293 . . . . . . 38.69 0.13 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 116 1092 . . . . . . 38.36 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 117 992 . . . . . . 38.74 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 118 893 . . . . . . 39.28 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 119 795 . . . . . . 39.85 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 120 693 . . . . . . 39.04 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 70 1 121 595 . . . . . . 37.44 0 ~~~~~~~2 70 1 122 495 . . . . . . 34.72 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 101 4939 . . . . . . 32.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 102 4796 . . . . . . 33.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 103 4497 . . . . . . 33.84 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 104 4198 . . . . . . 34.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 105 3894 . . . . . . 34.08 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 106 3595 . . . . . . 35.8 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 107 3294 . . . . . . 36.07 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 108 2992 . . . . . . 35.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 109 2693 . . . . . . 36.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 110 2391 . . . . . . 37.84 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 111 2089 . . . . . . 38.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 112 1790 . . . . . . 37.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 113 1490 . . . . . . 37.81 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 114 1193 . . . . . . 37.93 0 ~~~~~~~2 71 1 115 992 . . . . . . 37.61 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 116 892 . . . . . . 38.45 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 117 793 . . . . . . 38.34 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 118 691 . . . . . . 38.8 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 119 591 . . . . . . 36.21 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 71 1 120 492 . . . . . . 33.69 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 101 4486 . . . . . . 34.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 102 4099 . . . . . . 34.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 103 3797 . . . . . . 35.35 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 104 3497 . . . . . . 36.42 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 105 3195 . . . . . . 36.55 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 106 2894 . . . . . . 37.13 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 107 2594 . . . . . . 36.42 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 108 2292 . . . . . . 38.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 109 1992 . . . . . . 38.98 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 110 1692 . . . . . . 39.61 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 112 1393 . . . . . . 38.38 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 114 1193 . . . . . . 37.89 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 116 992 . . . . . . 38.42 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 117 894 . . . . . . 38.22 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 118 794 . . . . . . 38.31 0 ~~~~~~~2 72 1 119 695 . . . . . . 38.12 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 72 1 120 595 . . . . . . 36.87 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 101 4278 . . . . . . 33.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 102 4099 . . . . . . 34.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 103 3797 . . . . . . 36.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 104 3498 . . . . . . 35.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 105 3196 . . . . . . 35.42 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 106 2895 . . . . . . 36.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 107 2594 . . . . . . 35.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 108 2294 . . . . . . 36.87 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 109 1992 . . . . . . 37.93 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 73 1 110 1692 . . . . . . 38.05 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 112 1190 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 73 1 114 890 . . . . . . 38.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 73 1 116 691 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 73 1 117 590 . . . . . . 38.69 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 101 4225 . . . . . . 34.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 102 3898 . . . . . . 34.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 103 3595 . . . . . . 35.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 104 3297 . . . . . . 36.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 105 2994 . . . . . . 36.8 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 106 2695 . . . . . . 37.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 107 2394 . . . . . . 37.63 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 108 2193 . . . . . . 37.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 109 1993 . . . . . . 38.13 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 110 1790 . . . . . . 38.73 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 112 1490 . . . . . . 38.17 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 114 1294 . . . . . . 38.3 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 116 1092 . . . . . . 37.75 0.11 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 117 992 . . . . . . 37.65 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 118 892 . . . . . . 36.9 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 119 792 . . . . . . 36.14 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 74 1 120 694 . . . . . . 36.22 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 121 593 . . . . . . 33.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 74 1 122 495 . . . . . . 30.42 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 101 4308 . . . . . . 33.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 102 4098 . . . . . . 33.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 103 3796 . . . . . . 35.45 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 104 3499 . . . . . . 35.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 105 3197 . . . . . . 36.54 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 106 2895 . . . . . . 36.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 107 2593 . . . . . . 36.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 108 2293 . . . . . . 37.2 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 109 1994 . . . . . . 37.5 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 110 1692 . . . . . . 38.29 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 112 1292 . . . . . . 37.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 114 1293 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 75 1 116 1093 . . . . . . 37.08 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 117 993 . . . . . . 37.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 118 892 . . . . . . 37.07 0 ~~~~~~~2 75 1 119 795 . . . . . . 36.3 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 109 1995 . . . . . . 37.82 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 76 1 110 1692 . . . . . . 37.68 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 112 1394 . . . . . . 37.39 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 114 1193 . . . . . . 36.72 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 76 1 116 995 . . . . . . 36.41 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 76 1 117 893 . . . . . . 36.52 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 118 794 . . . . . . 35.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 119 694 . . . . . . 35.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 76 1 120 594 . . . . . . 30.95 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 101 4423 . . . . . . 33.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 102 4096 . . . . . . 34.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 103 3795 . . . . . . 35.27 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 104 3496 . . . . . . 35.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 105 3193 . . . . . . 36.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 106 2892 . . . . . . 37.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 107 2592 . . . . . . 37.41 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 108 2290 . . . . . . 37.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 109 2086 . . . . 123.04. 38.04 0 ~~~~3~~2 77 1 110 1793 . . . . . . 37.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 112 1491 . . . . . . 37.73 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 114 1293 . . . . . . 38.31 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 116 1097 . . . . . . 37.71 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 117 993 . . . . . . 37.12 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 77 1 118 891 . . . . . . 37.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 77 1 119 793 . . . . . . 35.94 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 101 4429 . . . . . . 33.76 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 78 1 102 4099 . . . . . . 34.23 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 103 3797 . . . . . . 35.54 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 104 3497 . . . . . . 36.41 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 105 3196 . . . . . . 35.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 106 2895 . . . . . . 37.53 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 78 1 107 2594 . . . . . . 37.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 108 2291 . . . . . . 37.86 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 109 2093 . . . . . . 38.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 110 1792 . . . . . . 38.54 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 112 1492 . . . . . . 38.23 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 114 1293 . . . . . . 38.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 116 1092 . . . . . . 37.49 0 ~~~~~~~2 78 1 117 994 . . . . . . 37.81 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 103 3797 . . . . . . 35.17 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 104 3497 . . . . . . 35.88 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 105 3195 . . . . . . 36.11 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 106 2895 . . . . . . 36.47 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 107 2595 . . . . . . 36.75 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 108 2294 . . . . . . 37.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 109 1992 . . . . . . 37.48 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 79 1 110 1793 . . . . . . 37.82 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 112 1494 . . . . . . 37.08 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 79 1 114 1294 . . . . . . 37.65 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 116 1094 . . . . . . 36.93 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 79 1 117 994 . . . . . . 36.7 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 79 1 118 893 . . . . . . 36.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 79 1 119 795 . . . . . . 36.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 101 4483 . . . . . . 33.12 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 102 4095 . . . . . . 33.46 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 103 3797 . . . . . . 34.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 104 3498 . . . . . . 35.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 105 3189 . . . . . . 35.35 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 106 2896 . . . . . . 36.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 107 2594 . . . . . . 36.53 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 108 2293 . . . . . . 36.96 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 109 2093 . . . . . . 36.95 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 80 1 110 1893 . . . . . . 36.37 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 112 1591 . . . . . . 37.04 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 114 1292 . . . . . . 36.74 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 116 1093 . . . . . . 36.79 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 117 993 . . . . . . 36.49 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 80 1 118 892 . . . . . . 36.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 119 793 . . . . . . 36.06 0 ~~~~~~~2 80 1 120 698 . . . . . . 34.02 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 106 2997 . . . . . . 35.6 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 107 2695 . . . . . . 36.39 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 108 2395 . . . . . . 36.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 109 2095 . . . . . . 36.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 110 1793 . . . . . . 36.78 0 ~~~~~~~~ 81 1 112 1492 . . . . . . 36.54 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 114 1293 . . . . . . 36.95 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 116 1095 . . . . . . 36.1 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 117 994 . . . . . . 36.21 0 ~~~~~~~2 81 1 118 893 . . . . . . 35.51 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 101 4519 . . . . . . 32.58 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 102 4200 . . . . . . 32.75 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 103 3899 . . . . . . 33.83 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 104 3599 . . . . . . 34.41 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 105 3297 . . . . . . 34.85 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 106 2994 . . . . . . 35.63 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 107 2696 . . . . . . 36.01 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 108 2395 . . . . . . 36.17 0 ~~~~~~~2 82 1 109 2094 . . . . . . 36.36 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 101 3780 . . . . . . 33.4 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 84 1 102 3597 . . . . . . 33.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 103 3400 . . . . . . 34.16 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 104 3196 . . . . . . 34.78 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 84 1 105 2996 . . . . . . 35.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 106 2793 . . . . . . 35.18 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 107 2592 . . . . . . 35.21 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 108 2395 . . . . . . 35.14 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 109 2193 . . . . . . 35.82 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 110 1993 . . . . . . 35.95 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 112 1695 . . . . . . 35.15 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 114 1394 . . . . . . 36.55 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 116 1095 . . . . . . 36.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 117 992 . . . . . . 36.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 84 1 118 892 . . . . . . 37.19 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 101 3286 . . . . . . 34.13 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 102 3198 . . . . . . 33.9 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 103 2996 . . . . . . 34.87 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 104 2793 . . . . . . 34.81 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 105 2596 . . . . . . 34.77 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 106 2393 . . . . . . 34.97 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 85 1 107 2191 . . . . . . 35.59 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 108 1997 . . . . . . 35.95 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 109 1791 . . . . 113 . 36.14 0 ~~~~~3~2 85 1 110 1591 . . . . . . 35.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 85 1 112 1390 . . . . . . 36.37 0 ~~~~~~~2 86 1 101 2221 . . . . . . 34.09 0 ~~~~~~~2 86 1 102 2086 . . . . . . 34.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 86 1 103 1996 . . . . . . 34.81 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 104 1794 . . . . . . 35.23 0 ~~~~~~~2 86 1 105 1593 . . . . . . 35.38 0 ~~~~~~~~ 86 1 106 1395 . . . . . . 35 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 107 1193 . . . . . . 35.16 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 108 1093 . . . . . . 35.05 0 ~~~~~~~~ 86 1 109 992 . . . . . . 35.28 0 ~~~~~~~2 86 1 110 895 . . . . . . 35.54 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 112 793 . . . . . . 33.92 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 114 694 . . . . . . 33.77 0.09 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 116 593 . . . . . . 29.84 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 86 1 117 496 . . . . . . 29.52 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 101 2388 . . . . . . 34.92 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 102 2195 . . . . . . 35.32 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 103 1995 . . . . . . 35.41 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 104 1793 . . . . . . 34.93 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 105 1591 . . . . . . 35.34 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 106 1393 . . . . . . 35.63 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 107 1194 . . . . . . 35.67 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 108 1093 . . . . . . 36.09 0.1 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 109 994 . . . . . . 35.97 0.12 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 110 893 . . . . . . 35.88 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 112 794 . . . . . . 34.23 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 87 1 114 695 . . . . . . 34.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 87 1 116 594 . . . . . . 31.17 0 ~~~~~~~2 87 1 117 495 . . . . . 2.24 28.8 0 ~~~~~2~2 88 1 104 1836 . . . . . . 36.78 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 105 1701 . . . . . . 36.64 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 106 1593 . . . . . . -9 -9 ~~~~~~~~ 88 1 107 1393 . . . . . . 37.07 0.08 ~~~~~~~3 88 1 108 1191 . . . . . . 36.25 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 109 1091 . . . . . . 35.97 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 110 991 . . . . . . 35.62 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 112 893 . . . . . . 34.57 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 114 790 . . . . . . 33.68 0.07 ~~~~~~~3 88 1 116 693 . . . . . . 35.29 0.17 ~~~~~~~3 88 1 117 591 . . . . . . 34.37 0 ~~~~~~~2 88 1 118 492 . . . . . . 31.51 0.06 ~~~~~~~3 G.5 FINAL CFC DATA QUALITY EVALUATION (DQE) COMMENTS ON P13. (David Wisegarver) Dec 2000 During the initial DQE review of the CFC data, a small number of samples were given QUALT2 flags which differed from the initial QUALT1 flags assigned by the PI. After discussion, the PI concurred with the DQE assigned flags and updated the QUAL1 flags for these samples. The CFC concentrations have been adjusted to the SIO98 calibration Scale (Prinn et al. 2000) so that all of the Pacific WOCE CFC data will be on a common calibration scale. For further information, comments or questions, please, contact the CFC PI for this section (J. Bullister, johnb@pmel.noaa.gov) or David Wisegarver (wise@pmel.noaa.gov). Additional information on WOCE CFC synthesis may be available at: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/cfc. ******************************************************************************** Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, F. N. Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, R. H. J. Wang, D. E. Hartley, C. Harth, L. P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P. M. Midgley, and A. McCulloch, A history of chemically and radioactively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17,751-17,792, 2000. ******************************************************************************** H WHPO DATA PROCESSING NOTES DATE CONTACT DATA TYPE DATA STATUS SUMMARY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 05/24/96 Aoyama CTD DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO 05/24/96 Aoyama NUTs/S/O DQE Report rcvd @ WHPO 06/16/97 Key DELC14 Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO I have just placed C-14 data and report for P13N into the WHPO incoming directory. The data should be ok as is except that the values have too many decimal places. The data have been through qc and flags are in the data table. The final data report was sent in 2 formats: a postscript file a FrameMaker mif file and all of the figures in compressed epsi format. If you have FrameMaker, the mif + epsi files should be most useful, otherwise, ps file. 08/15/97 Uribe DOC Submitted 2000.12.11 KJU File contained here is a CRUISE SUMMARY and NOT sumfile. Documentation is online. 2000.10.11 KJU Files were found in incoming directory under whp_reports. This directory was zipped, files were separated and placed under proper cruise. All of them are sum files. Received 1997 August 15th. 08/26/98 Bullister BTL/NUTs DQE Issues Unresolved There are still some issues for the P13 data set, especially related to the nutrients. I've tried to contact the nutrient PI a number of times over the past 18 months to resolve these, and so far received no reply. I'll try again and get back to you (hopefully with a final data set) in a couple of weeks. 09/28/98 Johnson NUTs DQE Report sent to PI We are withholding the P13 data because the nutrients are still not revised following DQE 12/14/98 Key DELC14 Data are Public "but not published" 01/11/99 Bullister CTD/s/o/cfc Data are Public Tr/He data requested from Lupton/Jenkins c14 collected and sent to AMS/WHOI. Checking w/ Quay re c14 data status 04/16/99 Jenkins He/Tr Projected Submission Date 1999.05.15 04/29/99 Quay DELC13 Data and/or Status info Requested by dmb 08/16/99 Bullister SUM Data Update I just ftp'd revised P13.sea and P13.sum files to the WHPO site. The salinity, nutrient and oxygen groups have gone over the DQE comments (made by Michio Aoyama) and made most of the suggested changes in the revised version. We have also gone over the CFC data and made some revisions. You should have received a copy of the revised nutrient data and document file directly from the nutrient group (University of South Florida, Kent Fanning and Howard Rutherford) a while ago. I have intentionally omitted the first five stations at the beginning if the expedition (stations 1-5). These were test casts made on the transit to the start of the P13 section. The locations of Sta 1-5 are still included in the P13.sum file. We had a lot of PDR problems on this cruise, and some uncorrected depth values are missing from the .sum file. If UNC DEPTH values are unavailable for either the beginning, bottom or end (BE,BO,EN) of a cast, can the available values from the cast be used to fill in the missing slot(s)? There are 4 stations (28,48,53,61) where no UNC depths are available for BE, BO or EN. Should these be: a.) left blank? b.) filled in with estimated values from a bathymetric chart or other source? c.) interpolated from adjacent stations? d.) other options? There were 2 legs to this cruise, separated by a port stop in Kwajalein. I noticed that the cruise is broken into 2 sets of files (p13a and p13b) at the WHPO site. Unless there are compelling reasons, I would prefer if the data from the 2 legs were not split up. We would welcome Michio Aoyama (or other DQE) going over the revised file and checking that we have responded satisfactorily to any problems in the original files, and adding appropriate DQE flags go the revised version. 10/21/99 Evans Helium Deep Data are Public All of the data sets I submitted recently (the ones with comma delimiters between data fields) can be considered to be public. 11/15/99 Anderson NUTs Data Update NO2 Reprocessing Notes follow on the reprocessing of the NO2 data from the P13 cruise. The original DQE work clearly recognized and addressed the problems with the nutrient data set from Cruise P13. Relevant to the nitrite and nitrate data processing, let me reiterate some of these comments: "The...nitrate profiles look very noisy and varying both layer by layer and station by station especially among the first half of the stations." (page 2). "DQE observes that the nitrite concentrations in the deeper layers at entire stations are unreasonably high and show unreliable values up to 0.4 µmol/kg even at deeper layers....this 0.4 µmol/kg of nitrite correspond 1% of the nitrate concentrations there and obviously affect the precision of the nitrate analyses...DQE, then, thinks that we can not ignore these high nitrite concentrations." (page 2). Continuing page 2 and on page 3 of the report, the problems and two possible reasons for these problems are discussed. In response, the data originator reviewed the "deep" nitrite data. Reprocessing has been done; the revised data listing incorporates the following: 1. all nitrite values of 0.05 or less have been changed to 0.00, 2. the Q1 flag for these values has been changed from 3 to 2 if not originally flagged 2, 3. the number in the nitrate column is now the nitrate + nitrite value, in other words, the value calculated from the nitrate channel is tabulated with no correction for the value calculated from the nitrite channel. 4. for nitrite values greater than 0.05µmoles/kg, the nitrite value is shown in the data listing and is flagged 3 5. as in the original data listing the corresponding nitrate value has been corrected for the "high" nitrite value. 6. in the case of nitrite values exceeding 0.28 µmol/kg, the nitrate value has been flagged 3. I have some concerns about the reprocessed data. 1. the DQE gave an example (page 3) which indicated that at station 61, the high nitrite value (0.43 µmol/kg) shouldn't be subtracted from the nitrate channel calculation before listing the corrected nitrate value. Examining the nitrate versus db curve and the phosphate/nitrate relationship in the deeper water column are excellent ways of evaluating the "goodness" of a particularly nitrate value. This doesn't seem to have been done on the 13 stations where high nitrite values occurred. This would not have taken very much time and certainly would have been helpful in evaluating all "high" deep nitrite data and in turn the corresponding nitrate value. I plotted the nitrate and phosphate data from Table 2 for station 61. The uncorrected nitrate value at 3396 db fits better on the N03-db curve than the corrected value and the corrected value definitely falls below the PO4/NO3 curve for this station. In this case, the high nitrite value clearly shows a problem with the nitrite channel and not a general sample contamination problem. 2. based on measurements of duplicates, the data originator chose a detection limit of 0.05 µmol/kg for nitrite and 0.28 for nitrate. These relatively large values indicate problems with both analyses. Full span for the nitrite channel is generally set at ~2. An absorbance difference of ~0.025 with a factor of ~2 gives a nitrite value of 0.05 µmol/kg. An absorbance of 0.025 or even 0.0125 (1 std. dev.) is significantly different than zero. If 0.05 is taken as being equivalent to zero, why aren't all nitrite values decreased by 0.05 before being subtracted from the results of the nitrate channel computation? Why make the treatment of the nitrite data concentration dependent? I believe it is critical that data be handled consistently. This certainly has not been done with the revised nitrite data set. 11/16/99 Fanning NUTs DQE Issues Unresolved Clarification requested by dmb regarding the revised nutrient data for the WOCE P13 cruise (Aug-Oct, 1992; Chief Sci was John Bullister) that was sent to the WHPO on Feb 23, 1999. There were a few discrepancies between the reprocessed data and the updated bottle file from the Chief Scientist. Upon closer look at the revised nutrient values by our in-house DQE, some concerns were generated. Can you please review the attached file from the DQE and comment on his concerns and/or questions. We want make sure there aren't any uncertainties remaining regarding the nutrient data and that we get the correct values and quality flags into the bottle file. 11/16/99 Kozyr ALKALI/TCARBN Final Data Rcvd @ WHPO DQE Complete 02/23/00 Bartolacci CO2 Data Merged into BTL file * obtained p13 bottle files from WHPO. Two files were obtained (p13ahy.txt, p13bhy.txt). * both files had same station numbers and header lines. Ran a diff on them with no results (exited with no differences). * Only one CO2 file sent for p13 from Alex Kozyr to WHPO on 2000.02.04. File contains TCARBN and ALKALI with associated quality bytes. * Used David Newton's fortran merging code mrgsea for merging. * As per WHPO sumfiles for p13_a and p13_b were appended together. * Changed blackslash to underscore in expocode. * Ran sumchk with no errors. * Since both files were the same, I used p13a as the representative bottle file and merged on that file. Ran wocecvt on final merged bottle file(p13mrgout2.txt). Error from wocecvt resulted from first five (test) stations being left in the sumfile. These stations were removed from the bottle files as test stations at the request of John Bullister, the Chief Sci. However since there are data in the first five stations, this will be clarified with Bullister (at the request of Jim Swift and Steve Diggs). Final file containing first five stations is p13_co2_hy.txt, file w/o stations 1-5 is _co2_edt_hy.txt. No other errors reported. 02/25/00 Bartolacci BTL/CO2 Data Update P13 data files have been appended to one file as per John Bullister (Nov. 1999). The first five stations were test stations and have been removed at his request. CO2 data have been merged into the bottle file. The old directory structure has been consolidated into one entry for both legs. All files and tables have been edited to reflect the change in file structure and the CO2 addition. 04/13/00 Evans HELIUM/DELHE3 Submitted for DQE I just ftp'd 4 files to your /INCOMING directory i8nwoce.csv p13woce.csv p16cwoce.csv p19cwoce.csv ... of the same form as before, comma delimited columns of station, cast, bottle, %delta He3, delta He3 data flag, molal [He], [He] data flag. 04/14/00 Key DELC14 Data are Public As of 3/2000 the 2 year clock expired on the last of the Pacific Ocean C14 data (P10). All Pacific Ocean WOCE C-14 data should be made public. 04/19/00 Bartolacci DELC14 Website Updated P13 Changed to indicate data are at WHPO but not in WOCE format (RAW) and therefore not yet merged. 06/12/00 McNichol DELC13 Submitted for DQE I have just uploaded the file p13sbmt2.csv to your ftp site. It contains the following fields in a comma-delimited file: LabID, Trackline, Station, cast, niskin, del13C, QC **** Please tell me if this file and its format are acceptable to your office and I will start sending the remaining Pacific 13C data files. **** The LabID is to distinguish between the two laboratories where the majority of the measurements were made--University of Washington and NOSAMS, WHOI. I have another file associated with this one which contains descriptions of the samples flagged with a "6". Do you have an appropriate location for this file or should I keep it? 07/05/00 McNichol DELC13 Submitted 09/25/00 Anfuso BTL BTL file resubmitted Bullister submitted an updated version of the bottle file (original/1999.08.16_P13_SEA_SUM_BULLISTER/P13.sea). This version did not have rawCTD data. Had to pull rawCTD data, CFC113 data, and CCL4 data out of the outdated version of the bottle file and reformat to merge into updated bottle file. Done - 2000.09.26 SRA. Related files data files are in the MERGED_DATA subdir: P13.sea_edt.dat - pressure sorted bottle data file from Bullister (1999.08.16) CFC113.dat - CFC113 data pulled out of outdated bottle file; re-merged into new btl file CCL4.dat - CCL4 data pulled out of outdated bottle file; re-merged into new btl file Merged TCARB/ALKALI data from Kozyr into updated btl file: 2000.02.04_P13_CO2_KOZYR/p13carb.txt ---> reformatted and edited. These data are slightly different than the TCARB/ALKALI data that came in the bottle data file submitted as an updated by Bullister (mostly flag changes). Overwrote existing data with this data from Kozyr. Merged [He]/delHe from Evans into updated btl file: 2000.04.13_P13_HE_DELHE_EVANS/p13woce.csv.txt ---> reformatted and edited (p13woce_csv_edt.txt). Missing data fields were white space, edited into -9. Extracted delhel and delher data from btl file after merge, reformatted missing data to -999.0 (was -9.00); also, some missing data flags were '1', others were '9'...don't know why, couldn't make any correlation. Changed all missing data flags to '9'. **Note : no tritium data to merge on this cruise?** Merged DelC13 data from McNichol into updated btl file: 2000.06.12_P13_C13_McNICHOL/p13submt2.csv ---> reformatted and edited (p13_delc13_edt.dat). This file needed to be opened in MSWord, and saved as 'text only w/ line breaks'. Had to edit sample numbers. Merged C14, extracted from updated Bullister btl file and reformatted so missing values were -999.0 (not -9.00). Re-merged with existing bottle data flags. Did not remerge NUTRIENTS. Data values in updated Bullister file are same as the resent values from Fanning's group, 1999.02.23_Nitrat_Phspht_P13/p13fla~1.txt. The Bullister nutrient data seems to be better because many of the flags on the questionable data (samples that were resubmitted by Fanning's group per DQE request) are at set at '3', where the Fanning data has many flags set as "~"....not sure what to make of this, but suspect it is better to post the nutrient data that came with the updated Bullister hyd file. Also, 00_README in 1999.08.16_P13_SEA_SUM_BULLISTER states that nutrient data is updated in this version of the hyd file. **NOTE** Do we want to mask these values as they are suspect, per DQE? YES - per conversation with sd. Masked only suspicious parameters, nitrate and nitrite. No comments made regarding problems with phosphate and silicate - these parameters not masked. The complete hyd file is p13hy.txt in the *REMERGE dir. NO3 and NO2 will be masked out in the on-line version. 09/28/00 Anfuso BTL Comments concerning resubmitted file The values in the updated Bullister hyd file and the p13fla~1.txt (revised data sent by Fanning's group) are the same, but flags are different. I think it is best to go with the flags in Bullister's file, and NOT remerge the data. In many cases, Bullister's file flags the revised data (problematic per DQE comments) as '3', where Fanning has flagged these data as '2' or "~". Not sure what to make of the flag ~. Feel most comfortable staying with the Bullister flags (3). Also, per DQE comments on the revised data set, these data still have outstanding problems regarding overall data processing methodology. Data and flags not re-merged. 09/28/00 Jenkins He/Tr No Data Submitted shallow He/Tr still missing conclusion of meeting w/ L. Talley 09/29/00 McNichol DELC13 Data are Public All the Pacific data (most of which I still need to send you) is public. I should be sending you a pile of data next month. Also, if the future, if you have a question that you need answered immediately, the best person to get in contact with besides me is Dana Stuart. Her contact info is dstuart@whoi.edu 10/02/00 Anfuso SUM .sum file from Bullister online. 10/03/00 Anfuso DELC13 Data Merged into BTL file Bottle: (silcat, nitrat, nitrit, phspht, delc13, c13err) NO3 and NO2 data in the on-line hyd file have been masked pending review by nutrient PI. DQE reports concerns regarding the quality of these data. Phosphate and silicate data are from the updated Bullister hyd file; these data have not been re-merged (see comments in original subdir *REMERGE for further detail). Regarding delC13 data, A. McNichol confirmed these data are public; data unmasked. 10/3/00 Anfuso NO2/NO3 Data Update See Note: Bottle: (silcat, nitrat, nitrit, phspht, delc13, c13err) NO3 and NO2 data in the on-line hyd file have been masked pending review by nutrient PI. DQE reports concerns regarding the quality of these data. Phosphate and silicate data are from the updated Bullister hyd file; these data have not been re-merged (see comments in original subdir *REMERGE for further detail). Regarding delC13 data, A. McNichol confirmed these data are public; data unmasked. 10/3/00 Anfuso CFCs/He/CO2 Website Updated Data merged into online file Bottle: (ctdraw, cfc113, ccl4, helium, delhe3, delc14, delc13, tcarbn, alkali, helier, delher, c14err, c13err) REMERGED various parameters into updated hyd file sent by Bullister. DelC13 data has been masked until A. McNichol confirms the data are public. Hyd file from Bullister didn't contain CTDRAW data; these were extracted from outdated hyd file and merged into updated hyd file. 10/17/00 Jenkins TRITUM Preliminary data submitted *Files for Tritium Data: WOCE Indian Ocean = WITrit.dat Contains all legs WOCE Pacific P10 = WP10Trit.dat WOCE Pacific P13 = WP13Trit.dat WOCE Pacific P14c = WP14cTrit.dat WOCE Pacific P18 = WP18Trit.dat WOCE Pacific P19 = WP19Trit.dat WOCE Pacific P21 = WP21Trit.dat SAVE South Atlnt = SAVETrit.dat *Column Layout as follows: Station, Cast, Bottle, Pressure, Tritium, ErrTritium *Units as follows: Tritium and ErrTritium in T.U. *All data are unfortunately still preliminary until we have completed the laboratory intercomparision and intercalibration that is still underway. 11/08/00 Anderson Helium/Neon Reformatted by WHPO I have put the Jenkins helium and neon in WOCE format. There were no quality codes so I set the HELIUM, DELHE3, and NEON to 2. The Indian data was in one big file. I separated it into separate files for each line and also left it in one big file. 11/13/00 Anderson TRITUM Reformatted by WHPO I have put the Jenkins tritium data into WOCE format. There were no quality codes so I set the TRITUM to 2. 02/26/01 Jenkins TRITUM DEEP Data are Public may require minor revisions It was brought to my attention that the WOCE PaciÞc/Indian He-Tr data was not as yet made public. After submitting it to you last year, I had intended on going through it one more time to ensure there were no problems with it. Unfortunately, I have not had the time to do this. Is it possible, therefore, to release it as public data, and if there are any subsequent minor revisions, to make changes? I suspect there might be a few samples in the set that might have got through our initial quality control. 05/03/01 Uribe DOC Updated txt version put online. 06/22/01 Uribe CTD/BTL CSV File Online CTD and Bottle files in exchange format have been put online. 10/04/01 Muus NUTs/CFC/SUM Data Merged into BTL file CFCs merged into BTL, CSV file updated, SUM updated July 2001 CFCs merged into Sept 2000 bottle file containing all nutrients. See DQE discussion in DOC for discussion of NO3 and No2 problems. Deleted Sta 60 Ca 1 BO entry in SUM file since missing position would not allow conversion to exchange file. New bottle, sum and exchange files now on web. Notes on P13 CFC merging Oct 4, 2001. D. Muus 1. New CFC-11 and CFC-12 from: /usr/export/html- public/data/onetime/pacific/p13/p13/original/2001.07.09_CFC_UPDT_ WISEGARVER_P13/20010709.172534_WISEGARVER_P13/20010709.172534_ WISEG ARVER_P13_p13_CFC_DQE.dat merged into SEA file prepared by Stacey Anfuso containing questioned nitrates and nitrates. (20000928WHPOSIOSRA) No changes to Sept 2000 nutrients were made. SEE DQE documentation. Nitrate and Nitrite from: /usr/export/html- public/data/onetime/pacific/p13/p13/original/ 1999.02.23_Nitrat_Phs pht_P13/p13fla~1.txt All "1"s in QUALT1 changed to "9"s and QUALT2 replaced by new QUALT1 prior to merging. 2. SUMMARY file had no position for Station 60, Cast 1 BO. No data in Bottle file. Deleted BO line and left BE and EN lines in place to allow conversion to exchange format. 3. Exchange file checked using Java Ocean Atlas.