A. CRUISE NARRATIVE: A21 S04A SR02 A.1. HIGHLIGHTS WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION WOCE section designation A21 S04A SR02 Expedition designation (EXPOCODE) 06MT11_5 Chief Scientist/affiliation Wolfgang Roether/UB* Dates 1990 JAN 23 - 1990 MAR 08 Ship RV METEOR Ports of call Ushuaia to Cape Town Number of stations 79 41° 57.90' S Geographic boundaries 68°15.80' W 18°27.00' E 63° 10.60' S Floats and drifters deployed 10 prototype ALACE floats Moorings deployed or recovered 0 Contributing Authors B. Klein, A. Kozyr, A.F. Gaslightwala, R.G. Patrick, R. Van Woy, R Millard, A. Mantyla, J.C. Jennings ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *Universität Bremen€Kusteiner Strasse€Postfach 33 04 40€D-28359 Bremen€Germany Tel: 49-421-218-3511 or -4221 € Fax: 49-421-218-3601 or -7018 email: wroether@physik.uni-bremen.de DESCRIPTION OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM The cruise did A21 (Drake Passage) and SR02 (passage south of Africa; incomplete), with full tracer coverage. Additional work was carried out in WOCE WHP section S04A (northern Weddell Sea). Taken together this work at the same time completed the SAVE field work, and by this the large-volume WOCE tracer work in the Atlantic sector. Fig. 1 gives the cruise track and Table 1 some basics for the cruise. Table 2 lists the measurements taken and the PIs responsible. A list of participants is given in Table 3. An account of the cruise (in German, including all 5 legs of cruise no. 11) has been given to Roether et al. (1990). Basic cruise funding came from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn, Germany. TABLE 1: METEOR Cruise No. 11, Leg 5 leave Ushuaia January 23, 1990 return for winch repair Feb. 2-3, 1990 enter Cape Town Mar. 8, 1990 scientists 30 crew 32 master Henning Papenhagen stations 79 tracers full suite WOCE sections A21 S04A SR02 TABLE 2: Principal Investigators for all measurements Parameter(s) Institution PI ---------------------- --------------- ----------------------- CTD, Salinity AWI G. Rohardt, E. Fahrbach Nutrients, Oxygen ODF Scripps J. Swift, F. Delahoyde CFMs Uni Bremen W. Roether Tritium, 3He Uni Bremen W. Roether 14C (L-V & AMS) IUP Heidelberg P. Schlosser, K.O. Munnich 39Ar Uni Bern H.H. Loosli 85Kr LDGO W. M. Smethie CO2-Parameters LDGO D. Chipmann, T. Takahashi 226/228Ra Uni Princeton R. Key IfM Kiel M. Rhein XBT, Thermosalinograph AWI U. Schauer, E. Fahrbach ADCP AWI E. Fahrbach CTD-intercomparison AWI/ODF Scripps G. Rohardt, F. Delahoyde ALACE Drifter SIO, Texas A&M R. Davis, W.D. Nowlin TABLE 3: Cruise Participants Name Responsibility Institution ---------------------------- --------------------- ----------- Roether, Wolfgang, Prof. Dr. Chief Scientist UBTO Arango, Jose Maria Observer IADO Beining, Peter CFM measurement UBTO Bulsiewicz, Klaus CFM measurement UBTO Ballegooyen, R. C.van Observer NRIO Bargen, D. van Meteorologist DWD Bos, David L. Nutrients ODF Breger, Dee CO2 LDGO Chipman, David W. CO2 LDGO Costello, James. P., Oxygen ODF Delahoyde, Frank M., CTD, data processing ODF Döscher, H.-J. Meteorology DWID Fraas, Gerhard Rosette, sampling UBTO Helas, G., Dr. Air chemistry MPCB Junghans, Christel 14C processing IUP Junghans, Hans-Georg 14C processing IUP Key, Robert M., Dr. Ra processing AOSP Legutke, Stefanie. CTD IfM Nowlin, Worth D., Prof. Dr. Data analysis, ADCP TAMU Plep, Wilfried Rosette, sampling UBTO Putzka, Alfted, Dr. CFM measurement UBTO Ritschel, Kirstin 14C processing IUP Rohardt, Gerd CTD, data processing AWI Schlitzer, Reiner, Dr. Bottle data analysis UBTO Schlosser, Peter, Dr. L-V sampling LDGO Schauer, Ursel CTD, XBT AWI Schebeske, G. Air chemistry MPCB Theisen, Stefan Rosette, sampling UBTO Weppernik, Ralph 39Ar, 85Kr processing PIB Zaucker, Friedrich L-V sampling LDGO AOSP Program in Atmospheric & Oceanic Sci., Dept. of Geol. & Geophys. Sci., Princeton University, P.0. Box CN 7 10, Princeton, NJ 08544-0710, USA AWI Alfred-Wegner-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Columbusstraße, 2850 Bremerhaven DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst, Seewetteramt, Postfach 301190, 2000 Hamburg 36 IADO Instituto Argentina de Oceanografia, Av. Alem 53, CP 8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentinien IfM Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Troplowitzstr. 7, 2000 Hamburg 54 IUP Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 6900 Heidelberg LDGO Lamont - Doherty, Geological Observatory, Geochemstry Dept., Palisades, N.Y. 10964, USA MPCB Abteilung Biogeochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chernie, Postfach 3060, 6500 Mainz NRIO National Research Institute for Oceanology, CSIR, P.0. Box 320, 7600 Stellenbosch, Südafrika ODF Oceanographic Data Facility, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U. Cal. S. D., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA PIB Physikalisches Institüt der Universtät Bern, Bern, Schweiz TAMU Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3146, USA UBTO Universität Bremen, FB, 1, Tracer-Ozeanographie, Postfach 330 440, 2800 Bremen 33 DESCRIPTION OF STATIONS The work was limited by the available ship time. The two WOCE sections and in particular the Drake Passage section were given highest priority. On SR02 about 60nm station spacing was achieved. The work in between consisted of a short section north and east of the South Orkney Islands, in order to cross a possible deep-water outflow from the Weddell Sea, as well as boundary flow at the northern margin of the Weddell Basin. Furthermore, a section was obtained from the South Sandwich Trench eastward up to the African Passage section, crossing the deep outflow through the trench as well as a possible north-south exchange across the American-Antarctic Ridge. Sta. 149 (Fig. 1) reoccupied Sta. 234 of WWSP 86, and, nearly, GEOSECS station 89'. WWSP 86 (Huber et al., 1989), that likewise included small and large-volume tracers, may be taken as the southward extension of our African passage section southward to the Antarctic continent. The Drake Passage section was placed westward of the "classical" ones (Sievers and Nowlin, 1984). While this coincided with the section as indicated in the WOCE implementation Plan, the idea behind was to stay west of major deep topography, in order to characterize the waters inflowing from the Pacific and minimum admixture from the Atlantic sector. As the Polar Front bends southward around the South Shetlands, our choice meant a rather wide Polar Frontal Zone. As for the passage south of Africa, we attempted to stay west of the Agulhas Retroflexion, and to follow the deep topography in order to enable characterization of deep and bottom waters in the Agulhas and Cape Basins. This resulted in crossing the ACC at least than 90 degrees, so that the fronts in our section appear as rather more gradual (cf. Witworth and Nowlin, 1987), as well as in some curvature in the track. The part east of the South Sandwich trench was placed just north of the axis of the Antarctic American Ridge. METEOR entered Ushuaia Jan. 20, 1990 and installation of equipment started immediately. Some gear was found to be stuck at Buenos Aires, but finally reached the ship in time before departure. METEOR left Ushuaia on the morning of Jan. 23, 1990. We managed to start station work across Drake Passage already the next morning, following a trial station immediately after laving the Beagle Channel. The section started SW of Cape Horn on the shelf, and continued south at 30nm spacing. Basic equipment was a Neil Brown Mark IIIB CTD (AWI, calibrated at Scripps ODF) and a 24 x 12 liter GO Rosette system. A special cast was carried out to check for CFM sampling blanks, which were found to be vanishingly small except for a certain set of Niskin bottles that we consequently avoided to use. Large-volume stations (Fig. 1) were placed between the fronts so as to characterize the four principle hydrographic zones of the passage (Sievers and Nowlin, 1984). Apart from pCO2 which became operative only toward the end of the section, all measurements were carried out successfully. Salinity, nutrient and oxygen measurements were made in standard fashion. 14C, 39Ar and 85Kr sample processing used the Heidelberg vacuum extraction system, and Ra processing the Princeton procedures. TCO2 and pCO2 measurement was coulometric. The CFM equipment employed was an automated system based on the Weiss and Bullister design (Bullister and Weiss, 1988). It was in routine use at sea for the first time, which led to some modification of procedures during the cruise. The section was accompanied by XBT drops at 10nm spacing, and thermosalinograph readings were obtained continuously. We also ran the ship's ADCP, together with calibration runs. Quality of the ADCP data is open at this stage, and only partial GPS availability was a drawback. FLOATS AND DRIFTERS DEPLOYED A total of 10 prototype ALACE floats were deployed north of the Polar Front. Deployment was found to be straightforward, and 8 of the instruments, which were set at 750 m depth and fortnightly surfacing, have operated perfectly since. Weather was advantageous for all of the Drake Passage section. PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED After three days of station work, a breakdown of the winch computer system was encountered. The ship managed to provide makeshift operation for the CTD/Rosette winch, and trawl winch operation was similarly resumed two days later. It was decided to continue the section, and to return to Ushuaia for repair thereafter. The section was ended at the break of the South Shetland Arc shelf off Smith Island. It consisted of 13 standard and 4 large-volume stations. However, the large-volume part in the Polar Frontal Zone was only done on the way back to Ushuaia, i.e. not simultaneous with the corresponding main CTD/Rosette work. Likewise on the way back, some CFM fill-in sampling was carried out. A related 39Ar station (Sta. 121) was only done away from the Drake Passage section proper. In total, at least four days were lost by the incident. After leaving Ushuaia (Feb. 2-3, 1990) again, station work was resumed on Feb. 6, 1990 with a short section north and east of the South Orkneys (Stas. 122- 131). From here on and up to the Bouvet Fracture Zone region the ship encountered icebergs and growlers regularly. After a further break, and after having rounded Southern Thule of the South Sandwich Islands, station work started once more on Feb. 12, 1990 near to the South Sandwich Trench, to be continued up to the African shelf (Stas. 132-179). These sections were again accompanied by XBT drops (30 to 45nm spacing). The cruise had been planned with some contingency time to allow for delays enforced by bad weather. Actually, only about 40 hours were spent for this. Hydrographic and even large-volume sampling work turned out to be feasible up to considerable wind force, i.e. 8. A larger part of the bad weather contingency was used for the winch repair, and some in the ship's speed having to be lowered on account of growlers (2-6 knots at night). One bad storm was encountered, however, on Feb. 20-21, 1990 with 90nm gusts and 17m waves, and some lesser storms before and after this event. Between there and Cape Town, a table tennis tournament and a cruise party brought a little variety to the somewhat monotonous station work. In total, we managed to complete also the second WOCE section adequately. It ended at the African shelf break late on Mar. 6, 1990. CFM measurements were unfortunately missed on four consecutive stations of this section because of a system breakdown. Starting from Sta. 165 (45.5° S), we ran two Rosette/CTD systems, which enabled us to obtain about 36 sampling depths per station. Whereas further south 24 depths appeared as adequate to resolve the hydrographic structure, higher vertical resolution was now regarded as relevant. A shallow rosette cast was done first, which rosette was sampled while the deep rosette cast (carrying the primary CTD instrument) was made. This procedure meant no more than about 45 min extra time per station. During the cruise, and particularly while two rosette/CTS systems were operated, a comparison was made of the AWI and Scripps-ODF data handling and operation procedures. The comparison looked favorable, although a detailed account of has yet to be made. METEOR entered Cape Town on the morning of Mar. 8, 1990. A historic remark: The German pre-war METEOR ran a cruise Ushuaia - Cape Town from Jan. 21 to March 10, 1926, which was cruise 5 of its famous South Atlantic survey. The scientific topic, i.e. hydrography, was quite similar. Stations totaled 34 (6 across Drake Passage), properties measured three (temperature, salinity, oxygen), and depths sampled were typically 26 (in three casts, naturally no continuous depth traces). Progress is slow after all. DATA OBTAINED Samples taken for shore-based measurement are listed in Table 4. The complete station list with some comment is given in Table 5. Data obtained aboard ship were quality-checked immediately, apart from the CFM data that were carefully evaluated and screened later on. A computerized bottle data list was set up. Working from it, sections were made using objective analysis with variable correlation length-scales (R. Schlitzer). A selection of these sections follows below. XBT/THERMOSALINOGRAPH XBT temperature readings were corrected 0.25 K downward and depth upward (by 20 m at 300 m depth), according to comparisons with simultaneous CTD casts. Bucket and thermosalinograph temperatures were noted for each drop. Thermosalinograph readings were corrected upward by 0.05 ± 0.04 K and 0.33 ± 0.2 PSU. DRAKE PASSAGE: Fig. 2-6 give sections of potential temperature, salinity, density, silicate, and CFM 11, respectively. Subantarctic front is found near Sta. 105, Polar Front near Sta. 112, and Scotia Front near Sta. 116. The Fig. 2-5 sections are similar to previous ones, whereas a CFM section (Fig. 6) was done for the first time. Fig. 6 shows that the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, represented by the salinity maximum layer in Fig. 3, i.e. the presumed source of Warm Deep Water in the Weddell Sea (Sievers and Nowlin, 1984), is CFM-free when entering Drake Passage from the west. Orkney section: The CFM 11 section in Fig. 7 indicates higher concentrations in the Scotia Sea area (Sta. 126-128) than in the Weddell Basin (Sta. 129- 131). Section South Sandwich Trench and east: Potential temperature (Fig. 8), oxygen (Fig. 9), and silicate (Fig. 10) show relative extreme in the trench area (Sta. 133-135), and well correlated features (eddies, front meanders?) in the top 1000m. African Passage section: The hydrographic structure given in Figs. 11 and 12 is as expected from the literature (Witworth and Nowlin, 1987), but strong features related to the Agulhas retroflexion are apparent (Sta. 175ff). XBT and thermosalinograph sections are displayed in Figs. 13-15, and an XBT list is given in Table 6. Fig. 16 gives ALACE float motions Jan. - end of August, 1990. STS/ODF CTD AND BOTTLE DATA REPORT (from an unpublished preliminary ODF cruise report.) J. Swift 2/20/03 Initially, a single 24-place 12-liter rosette system (General Oceanics) was used with an NBIS Mark III CTD (AWI CTD #1069). Other sensors included dissolved o2, and a transmissometer. Digital and mercury DSRTs and digital pressure gauges were employed as secondary integrity checks. A second 24-place 12-liter rosette system was constructed using ODF CTD #1 for 11 stations (164- 176). This second rosette was used to provide greater vertical resolution on the SAVE section and was typically deployed to 800 M. On these stations, the AWI rosette was used for the second deep cast. Large volume casts were performed by LDGO (P. Schlosser), Princeton (B. Key) and DHI (numerous) using DHI Gerard barrels. Mercury thermometers were used for temperature and pressure determination. Salinities and nutrients were analyzed from all barrels. The AWI CTD data acquisition and processing system consisted of two IBM PC/AT computers, an NBIS 1150 deck unit, a 9-track mag tape unit connected to the 1150, and a dual transport audio cassette recorder for analog backup. The EG&G software package was employed for data acquisition during the down-cast. a custom program was run for the up-cast to extract rosette trip information, and had no graphical display capability. The CTD data processing capability is currently still under development, but 5 db pressure-series down-cast data (pressure, temperature and salinity) with sensor lags and pressure, temperature and salinity corrections were generated on the second PC. ODF CTD data processing was performed in parallel with the AWI system. One ISI system was employed and was attached to two 1150 deck units, one for each rosette system. A serial link from the AWI data acquisition PC to the ISI allowed automatic start-up of CTD data acquisition for the AWI rosette. Deployment of the SIO rosette was performed in the conventional (interactive) manner, as the ISI was the only system acquiring data for the 11 shallow rosette casts. A serial link to the shipboard navigation system provided automatic navigation and bathymetry data. The STS/ODF CTD #1 failed on the up-cast of 176/01, apparently due to a power supply failure. Two separate CTD winches were used for the rosette work. Both employed 11 mm single-conductor wire. Three terminations were made, two for the AWI rosette and one for the SIO rosette. Terminations were performed by a ship's electrician and took about 20 minutes each. The trawl winch used for the Gerard casts developed a non-repairable electronic problem on station 116, making it necessary to return to Ushuaia for repairs. Both pylons in the two rosette systems mis-tripped occasionally to frequently. Some of the Niskin bottles had stainless-steel lanyards which sometimes would not release. All salinities (2305) were run on Autosal salinometers (serial # 52-530 and 57- 524). 57- 524 was used for all but about 5 boxes as it was new, and 52-530 exhibited filling problems. The temperature of the salt room ranged from 18 to 24 degrees C. The bath temperature was kept at 24 degrees C. No major problems were encountered. Three areas of analysis were supported by the group from SIO. These consisted of: nutrient analysis, dissolved oxygen analysis and CTD data processing. Nutrient concentrations were analyzed colorimetrically using a 4-channel Technicon auto-analyzer system, one channel for each of NO2, NO3, PO4 and SIO3. A total of 2267 nutrient samples were analyzed, from both CTD/rosette and Gerard casts. No major problems were encountered in the analyses. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were analyzed using a modified Winkler titration method. A total of 2011 dissolved oxygen samples were analyzed from CTD/rosette casts. No major problems were encountered in the analyses. CTD data processing was supported with software and a computer system run in parallel with the AWI system. Comparisons were made between the two groups CTD data processing techniques. 96 CTD/rosette casts were made at 79 stations. On 11 of these stations, two separate CTD/rosette systems were deployed. No major problems were encountered in the CTD data acquisition, rosette deployment, or data processing. Additionally, SIO performed the in situ calibration of CTD conductivity sensors to salinity check samples taken from the rosette. The data set quality was monitored by cross-checking the independent measurements for consistency. Malfunctioning or leaking Niskin bottles were identified. The preliminary calibrated data were found to be consistent with the hydrography of the region. BOTTLE DATA MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Basic instrumentation was a 24 x 12 liter General Oceanics Rosette and a Neil Brown Mark IIIB CTD with oxygen sensor, both from the AWI, Bremerhaven. Pressure and temperature sensors were calibrated at SIO before the cruise and thereafter. During the cruise, the stability of the temperature and pressure sensors was monitored with reversing mercury and electronic thermometers and pressure gauges. The in-situ calibration of the conductivity and oxygen sensors was based on water samples from the Rosette, usually taken at 24 depth levels. Salinities were measured with a Guildline Autosal 8400A. 16 stations consist of two casts where samples in 36 depth levels have been taken. The shallow cast was carried out with a second 24 x 10 liter Rosette, with an identical CTD from Scripps/ODF. During the entire cruise, two different CDT data acquisition and processing systems were operated in parallel; one system from SIO, and one system from the AWL The processed data sets consist of 2 decibar pressure series. No major differences were found in processing techniques or the data sets. Nutrient and dissolved oxygen analysis was done by Scripps/ODF. Nutrient concentrations were analyzed colorimetrically using a 4-channel Technicon auto- analyzer system, one channel for each of NO2, NO3, PO4 and SiO3. No major problems were encountered in the analyses. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were analyzed using a modified Winkler titration method, again with no major problems. The data set quality was monitored by cross-checking the independent measurements for consistency. Malfunctioning or leaking Niskin bottles were identified. Due to tripping problems, the bottle-depth relation had to be rotated in a few instances, but the true relation was always unambiguous. Following is a description of the CFM measurements and an assessment of CFM data quality. CFM MEASUREMENTS The measuring system employed is an automated variety of the Bullister and Weiss (Deep Sea Res., 1988) design. Water samples are taken in the common way using glass syringes. The system contains calibrated 30 ml water sample containers (Hastalloy C) connected to a 2 x 8 multiposition GC valve (Vici- Valco), into which samples are introduced (upward displacement) through a regular GC valve manually. For measurement, container content is automatically transferred into the extraction burette by a flow of carrier gas (downward displacement). All valves are air- actuated. Temperature of the collection trap is forced by Peltier cooling/heating. Carrier gas purge (separately for GC and sample processing parts of the system) uses two lines each, of which one is back-flushed at higher temperature with a small flow of purified gas. System control and data handling is provided by a PC. It has peak integration installed for quick data inspection, but final peak evaluation occurred off- line by fitting Gaussians to the data. Calibration used compressed air from a tank, the CFM concentrations of which were later on calibrated by comparison with gas standards provided by R. F. Weiss, Scripps. This was the first time that the system was used at sea, which led to some modification of procedures during the cruise. In general, the system and in particular the automation operated well. Some outliers (more than we had hoped) were observed, the cause of which was not always clear. A substantial blank was encountered in the beginning. However, the sample preparation line blank was quite stable and indistinguishable between water sample containers, as well as from the lowest values obtained in sample measurement. This showed that a sampling blank was negligible within errors, and at the same time gave proof of vanishingly low concentrations. A special cast was made early on into supposedly CFM-free water to compare different sets of Niskin bottles available, of which one was found contaminated. To monitor detection efficiency, gas standards were run regularly, and full calibration runs repeatedly (non-linearity was rather larger than usual). Sta. 145 was omitted, and four stations (Sta. 162 -165) were missed when water accidentally went beyond the extraction burette. The calibration curve was substantially different after this incident. The data have been post-processed carefully and an error analysis has been made. The data blank was taken to be the sample preparation line blank, agreement between which and the lowest-concentration samples (see above) being found both at the beginning of the cruise (Drake Passage section) and towards the end (Cape Basin stations). Precision/accuracy estimates (standard errors throughout) were made considering the following error contributions (found to be similar for CFM 11 and 12) * blank uncertainty (± 0.01 pmol/kg); * sample replicate precision (about ± 1% for high concentrations); * standard interpolation uncertainty (about ± 1.5%); * uncertainty of calibration curve (<- ± 0.5%); * uncertainty by drift in non-linearity (<- ± 0.5%); * calibration uncertainty relative to the Scripps CFM scale (± 0.3%; ignoring any drift between the time of measurements at sea and the calibration later on). By error propagation, the overall accuracy (relative to Scripps) is obtained as ± 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg, whichever is greater. The calibration data points were fitted by a third order polynomial. The highest CFM 11 concentrations were outside the calibration range (by at most 40%). The polynomial was extrapolated towards higher concentrations and the uncertainty of the extrapolation was calculated from the fit. The added uncertainty due to the extrapolation is calculated to be ±2% for the maximum CFM 11 concentrations (about 6 pmol/kg), for which the total error thus becomes ± 3%. Gas standard runs (temperature and pressure corrected) were fitted (in sections) by a straight line, and the standard interpolation uncertainty (apparently the largest error contribution, see above) is the standard deviation around such fit. Standard deviation among gas standards run consecutively was much smaller (about ±0.3%). This suggests that detection efficiency varies substantially on a time scale of several hours. Had gas standard runs been made somewhat more often and more regularly, it might have been possible to monitor these variations and reduce the overall error substantially. The CFM 11 and 12 errors transform into a CFM 11/12 ratio error of ±3% for large concentrations, rising to about 3.5% for CFM 11 approaching 6 pmol/kg. As a consequence of the blank uncertainty (±0.01 pmol/kg), at 0.05 pmol/kg in CFM 12 the ratio error exceeds ±20%. The data were screened as follows. Firstly, those data were removed for which samples or handling were considered faulty (e.g. samples from contaminated Niskins, see above). Secondly, CFM station profiles were inspected and compared to those of other properties, which led to rejection of just a few data considered as clearly unreasonable judging from the hydrographic structure. Thirdly, measurements were checked for CFM 11/12 ratio consistency. Those data that have ratios that differ significantly from a reasonable value (estimated from the general distribution of ratios), have been flagged in the data tables; the flag means that we believe one of the two CFM numbers to be faulty. The CFM data of Stas. 122 to 139 have larger uncertainties and contain more outliers. The suspected cause of this is a leak in the 2 x 8 multiposition valve. It looks as if some sample degassing in the water sample containers may have occurred, effected by a small amount of carrier gas leaking through. If this interpretation is correct, measured concentrations should be on the low side for these stations, and, due to different solubility, more so for CFM 12 than for CFM 11. Such interpretation is supported by a comparison of surface water concentrations with values corresponding to solubility equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations, as wen as by profile information (i.e., high-ratio values tend to be low in the profiles). The flagged data for these stations may be low in CFM 12 by up to about 25% (10% for CFM 11), and there may be a general bias towards low values believed to be at most about 10% in CFM 12 (5% in CFM 11). TRACER MEASUREMENTS (CFCs, TRITIUM, HELIUM, NEON) (Birgit Klein) 1999 MAR 10 CFCs CFCs are measured directly on the ship using a electron capture detector (ECD) packed column gas chromatograph. The column was filled with Porasil C and Porapak T. Only f11 and f12 have been measured during the cruise. Part of the original documentation as been lost, information on system blanks and air measurements is unfortunately not available. The original measurements have been recorded on the sio86 scale and have latter been converted to sio93. Contamination problems and calibration problems are reflected in the relatively high errors. Quality flag for CFCs follow woce standards: 2: good measurement 3: questionable measurement 4: bad measurement 5: not reported 6: replicate sample 9: no sample drawn errors: sta. f11 f12 ------- ------------------ --------------------- 102-117 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or f120.01 pmol/kg 118-161 3% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 166-179 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg TRITIUM Tritium is sampled in 1 l glass bottles which are analyzed after the cruise in the laboratory at Bremen. Tritium is measured through the in-growth of helium3 from the radioactive decay. For the procedure the water samples are degassed and transferred to special glas containers which are sealed off and placed into freezers. After a storage time of 6 month to about a year to allow the in- growth of sufficient amounts of helium3 the samples are measured with the noble gas spectrometer described below. A large number of tritium samples have been contaminated on the ship and could not be recovered. They have been identified by quality flag 5. A smaller number of samples had been contaminated during measurement procedures in the lab and has been retrieved through a second extraction. These samples have been assigned quality flag 6 although they are not strictly replicate samples. Each measurement has been assigned an individual error. Tritium concentrations are scaled to 15 February 1990. HELIUM AND NEON 40 ml water samples are filled into copper tubes at sea which are pinched off. In the laboratory the gas amount is vacuum extracted from the sample and transferred to a specialized helium/ neon isotope mass spectrometer. The noble gas mass spectrometer is no commercial unit but has been specially designed at the University of Bremen. It contains two commercial units: a quadro-pole mass spectrometer (Balzer QMG 112) and a sector field (Mass Analyzer Products, type 215). Two helium isotopes 3He, 4He and two Neon isotopes 20Ne, 22Ne are measured. Air aliquots provide the instrument calibration and monitor sensitivity changes. An internal standard filled with regular air has been used for the helium isotope and neon measurements at the lab in Bremen to make all measurements internally self-consistent. An external standard does not exist. Helium data have been corrected for tritium decay during storage although the correction is very small due to the low tritium concentrations in the southern ocean. It is at maximum 0.5% and effects mostly upper waters. Helium and neon measurements have been assigned individual errors. ACKNOWLEMENTS Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie, Bonn, Germany REFERENCES Bullister, J.L., and R.F. Weiss (1988): Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 and air. Deep-Sea Res., 35,839-853. Huber, B.A., et al. (1989): ANT V/2 CTD and Hydrographic Data, LDGO-89- 3, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades New York, 1989. Roether, W., M. Sarnthein, T.J. Muller, W. Nellen and D. Sahrhage (1990): Sudatlantik-Zirkumpolarstrom, Reise Nr. 11, 3. Oktober 1989 -11. Marz 1990. METEOR-Berichte, Universitat Hamburg, 90-2, 169 p. Sievers, H.A., and W.D. Nowlin (1984): The stratification and water masses at Drake Passage. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10,489-10,514. Witworth, T., III, and W.D. Nowlin (1987): Water masses of the Southern Ocean at the Greenwich Meridian. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6462-6476. TABLE 4: Tracer samples taken for shore-based analysis The number of samples for each station is given. Columns (1) to (5): sampled by rosette; Columns (6) to (10): sampled by Gerards | Sampled by rosette | Sampled by Gerards | |(1) |(2) | (3) |(4) | (5)| (6)| (7) | (8) |(9) |(10)| ----|----|----|-------|----|----|----|-----|-----|----|----| Sta#| He | Tri|13C/18O| Ba | 14C| 14C|228Ra|226Ra|85Kr|39Ar| ----|----|----|-------|----|----|----|-----|-----|----|----| 101 | | 2 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | 102 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | 103 | 12 | 11 | | | | | | | | | 104 | 24 | 24 | 18 | 24 | | 16 | 16 | 16 | 13 | | 105 | | | | | | | | | | | 106 | 14 | 13 | | | | | | | | | 107 | 25 | 24 | 20 | 20 | | 18 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 108 | | | | | | | | | | | 109 | 14 | 13 | | | | | | | | | 110 | 13 | 12 | | | | | | | | | 111 | 13 | 14 | | | 24 | | | | | | 112 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 113 | 25 | 24 | | 19 | | | | | | | 114 | | | | | 11 | | | | | | 115 | 8 | 8 | | | | | | | | | 116 | 24 | 24 | | | 6 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 14 | | 117 | 12 | 12 | | 19 | | | | | | | 118 | 10 | 9 | | | | | | | | | 119 | | | | | | 17 | 17 | 17 | 9 | 1 | 120 | | | | | | | | | | | 121 | | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | 122 | 23 | 22 | | | | | | | | | 123 | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | 124 | 24 | 24 | | 24 | | 16 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 125 | | | | | | | | | | | 126 | 13 | 13 | | | | | | | | | 127 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | 128 | | | | | | | | | | | 129 | 24 | 24 | | 24 | | 16 | 16 | 16 | 13 | | 130 | 8 | 7 | | | | | | | | | 131 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | | 14 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 1 | 132 | 16 | 15 | | | | | | | | | 133 | 5 | 5 | | | | | | | | | 134 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 1 | 135 | | | | | | | | | | | 136 | 24 | 24 | | | | | | | | | 137 | | | | | | | | | | | 138 | 22 | 22 | | | | | | | | | 139 | | | | | | | | | | | 140 | 25 | 24 | | 24 | | 18 | 18 | 18 | 14 | | | Sampled by rosette | Sampled by Gerards | |(1) |(2) | (3) |(4) | (5)| (6)| (7) | (8) |(9) |(10)| ----|----|----|-------|----|----|----|-----|-----|----|----| Sta#| He | Tri|13C/18O| Ba | 14C| 14C|228Ra|226Ra|85Kr|39Ar| ----|----|----|-------|----|----|----|-----|-----|----|----| 141 | 9 | 9 | | | | | | | | | 142 | 25 | 24 | 24 | | | | | | | | 143 | | | | | | | | | | | 144 | 24 | 24 | | | | | | | | | 145 | | | | | | | | | | | 146 | 24 | 24 | | | | | | | | | 147 | 15 | 15 | | | | | | | | | 148 | | | | | | | | | | | 149 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 4 | | 150 | | | | | | | | | | | 151 | 24 | 24 | | | | | | | | | 152 | | | | | | | | | | | 153 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 13 | | 154 | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | 155 | 12 | 12 | | | | | | | | | 156 | | | | | | | | | | | 157 | 12 | 12 | | | | | | | | | 158 | 18 | 13 | 24 | 24 | | 16 | 16 | 16 | 13 | | 159 | | | | | | | | | | | 160 | 25 | 24 | | | | | | | | | 161 | | | | | | | | | | | 162 | 30 | 30 | 22 | 30 | | 16 | 16 | 16 | 12 | | 163 | | | | | | | | | | | 164 | 31 | 30 | | | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | | | | | | | 166 | 31 | 30 | 22 | 30 | | 18 | 18 | 18 | 8 | | 167 | | | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | 168 | 28 | 28 | | | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | | | | | | 170 | 30 | 29 | | | | | | | | | 171 | | | | | | | | | | | 172 | 28 | 20 | 24 | 32 | | 15 | 18 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 173 | | | | | | 7 | | | | 1 | 174 | 27 | 22 | | | | | | | | | 175 | | | | | | | | | | | 176 | 26 | 20 | | | | | | | | | 177 | | | | | | | | | | | 178 | 39 | 30 | | | | | | | | | 179 | | | | | | | | | | | TABLE 5: Station Inventory Ship: METEOR (06MT11_5) WHP section A21: Stas. 102 - 120 (suppl. 39Ar Sta.: 121) WHP section S04A: Stas. 121-148 WHP section SR02: Stas. 149-179 Salinity, nutrients and oxygen were measured on all samples, and CFM's (11 and 12) on most. For other properties see Table 4. CO2 parameters (pCO2, TCO2) were measured on virtually all stations, but to varying degree. Station/cast with non-normal operation (single bottle misfirings not noted): 101/1: trial station only, no samples 102/1: shelf station, some depth repeats 104/4: CFM blank check only (3500 - 4000 m) 109/1: winch computer breakdown followed after this cast 115/1: top 8 bottles misfired 118/1: at position of Sta. 115, to fill in above 1000 in depth; bottle-depth relation had to be rotated; CFM test 600 m 119/1+3: Gerard casts at position of Sta. 109 119/2: supporting rosette cast, samples below 500 m only; CFM test 2000 m 120/1: at position of Sta. 106; CFM test 3400 m 121/1: support for 39Ar cast, to 2400 m only 121/2: 39Ar cast to support Drake Passage section 122/1: some firing problems 135/1: bottle-depth relation had to be rotated 140/2: bottle-depth relation had to be rotated 154/1: very high sea 164/2: only even rosette positions were sampled, mix-up 10 and 100 in possible 165/1+2: delay between casts due to high sea 167/3: 39Ar cast in connection with L-V Sta. 166 173/3: 39Ar cast in connection with L-V Sta. 172 178/1: CFM check 900 m TABLE has one line per station, with data being arranged as follows: * Sta. No. * cast/date * type/latitude * longitude/time * depth/CTD institution * "CTD#1" * no. of rosette bottles fired Format of entries: * latitude and longitude in the degrees/min.fraction of min, at beginning of cast * time in UTC, beginning of cast * depth in m * AWI CTD #l: AWI instrument no. 1, ODF calibrated; AWI rosette 24 X 12 liter * SIO CTD #l: ODF instrument no. 1, Bremen rosette 24 X 10 liter streport 101 1230190 ROS5519.4S 6621.9W2021 71AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 102 1240190 ROS5619.8S 6759.7W0709 103AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 103 1240190 ROS5655.0S 6815.0W1232 3090AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 104 1240190 ROS5319.8S 6815.0W1900 4390AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 104 2250190 GER5720.8S 6804.7W0216 4391 104 3250190 ROS5720.0S 6814.7W0919 4390AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 105 1250190 ROS5750.1S 6814.5W2330 3757AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 106 1260190 ROS5820.1S 6814.3W0519 3855AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 107 1260190 GER5850.4S 6815.8W1032 3866 107 2260190 ROS5850.0S 6814.9W1443 3842AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 107 3260190 GER5849.8S 6815.3W1649 3823 108 1260190 ROS5919.9S 6814.8W2323 3665AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 109 1270190 ROS5949.9S 6815.0W0527 3738AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 110 1270190 ROS6019.8S 6808.0W1921 3818AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 111 1280190 ROS6049.9S 6800.0W0112 3954AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 112 2280190 ROS6112.9S 6719.8W1257 3849AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 113 1280190 ROS6135.9S 6640.3W1837 4013AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 114 1290190 ROS6200.0S 6559.1W0446 3587AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 115 1290190 ROS6216.9S 6512.7W0959 4083AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 116 1290190 GER6236.4S 6404.9W1603 3859 116 1290190 ROS6236.0S 6416.3W1920 4015AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 116 3290190 GER6235.8S 6406.7W2237 4025 117 1300190 ROS6251.4S 6331.5W0517 2099AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 118 1300190 ROS6217.0S 6513.0W1300 3860AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 119 1300190 GER6136.0S 6639.0W2020 3974 119 2010290 ROS6136.0S 6640.3W2353 3995AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 119 3310190 GER6136.2S 6640.5W0244 3760 120 1010290 ROS5820.1S 6815.3W0037 3855AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 121 1030290 ROS5529.4S 6429.1W2313 3642AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 121 2040290 GER5528.7S 6427.0W0025 3635 122 1060290 ROS5915.1S 4715.0W1233 3895AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 123 1060290 ROS6012.3S 4539.9W2203 3785AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 124 1070290 GER6041.7S 4153.9W1405 3946 124 2070290 ROS6039.1S 4156.1W1715 3978AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 124 3070290 GER6039.5S 4155.9W1935 4170 125 1080290 ROS6041.2S 4117.2W0344 2905AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 126 1080290 ROS6032.3S 3911.8W1211 3471AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 127 1080290 ROS6042.4S 3814.0W1701 2738AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 128 1080290 ROS6121.8S 3707.6W2336 3556AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 129 1090290 GER6123.9S 374.0W0232 4355 129 2090290 ROS6202.6S 3614.3W1046 4264AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 129 3090290 GER622.5S 3614.5W1252 4198 130 1090290 ROS6236.0S 3530.4W2003 4469AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 131 1100290 GER631.7S 3455.8W0137 4860 131 2100290 ROS6309.9S 3444.8W0445 5098AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 131 3100290 GER6310.6S 3444.7W0822 5104 132 1120290 ROS5906.6S 2537.2W0248 2524AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 133 1120290 ROS5843.0S 2440.9W0907 3448AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 134 1120290 GER5844.2S 243.8W1340 5464 134 2120290 ROS5844.0S 2404.0W1555 5413AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 134 3120290 GER5844.5S 243.5W2024 5491 135 1130290 ROS5842.6S 2322.7W0446 5551AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 136 1130290 ROS5835.5S 2224.7W1112 4769AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 137 1130290 ROS5827.0S 2120.5W1946 4580AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 138 1140290 ROS5822.1S 2009.2W0456 3420AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 139 1140290 ROS5808.2S 1819.9W1314 4485AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 140 1140290 GER5758.6S 1651.9W2049 5138 140 2140290 ROS5759.4S 1651.3W2307 5143AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 140 3150290 GER5758.7s 1652.0W0307 5155 141 1150290 ROS5748.1S 1524.9W1042 4541AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 142 1150290 ROS5739.1S 1317.6W1925 4235AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 143 1160290 ROS5731.9S 1155.5W0542 4766AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 144 1160290 ROS5723.4S 1002.4W1433 3949AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 145 1170290 ROS5714.9S 820.7W0022 3688AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 146 1170290 ROS5719.7S 635.4W0912 4225AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 147 1170290 ROS5749.1S 451.5W1708 4142AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 148 1180290 ROS5809.0S 306.2W0414 4321AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 149 1180290 ROS5829.9S 100.0W1301 4759AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 149 2180290 GER5829.8S 100.2W1745 4768 150 1190290 ROS5742.0S 025.0W0309 4101AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 151 1190290 ROS5659.9S 000.0E1037 3849AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 152 1190290 ROS5607.9S 037.6E1931 4157AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 153 1200290 GER5514.5S 109.4E0615 3423 153 2200290 ROS5515.2S 105.6E0757 4130AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 153 3200290 GER5514.4S 105.2E1216 4125 154 1210290 ROS5421.7S 145.1E1940 4890AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 155 1220290 ROS5331.0S 220.1E0557 3002AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 156 1220290 ROS5242.1S 249.9E1448 2910AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 157 1230290 ROS5152.6S 320.9E1034 3116AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 158 1230290 GER5108.9S 346.5E1853 3200 158 2230290 ROS5109.4S 347.1E2212 3170AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 158 3240290 GER5110.3S 346.6E0222 4139 159 1240290 ROS5025.1S 414.8E0853 2902AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 160 1240290 ROS4929.9S 445.0E1540 3574AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 161 1240290 ROS4841.6S 515.7E2329 3067AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 162 1250290 ROS4735.0S 549.3E0900 4321AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 162 2250290 GER4734.5S 550.0E1044 4283 162 3250290 ROS4734.2S 549.6E1153 4289AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 162 4250290 GER4735.0S 549.6E1610 4315 163 1260290 ROS4700.0S 640.0E0021 4093AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 164 1260290 ROS4609.6S 751.3E0938 3352AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 164 2260290 ROS4609.6S 751.0E1450 4055SIO CTD #1 24 bottles 165 1270290 ROS4534.9S 840.9E0254 4396SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 165 2270290 ROS4535.0S 841.0E1103 4394AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 166 1270290 ROS4453.2S 929.8E1835 4562AWI CTD #1 12 bottles 166 2270290 GER4453.6S 929.2E2050 5132 166 3270290 ROS4453.1S 930.1E2228 4563AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 166 4280290 GER4454.1S 930.3E0316 4562 167 1280290 ROS4357.0S 950.1E1033 4529SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 167 2280290 ROS4356.9S 951.0E1116 4539AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 167 3280290 GER4356.4S 949.5E1536 4507 168 1010390 ROS4301.7S 1007.6E0058 4047SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 168 2010390 ROS4300.0S 1007.3E0147 4091AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 169 1010390 ROS4157.9S 1025.1E0928 4448SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 169 2010390 ROS4156.9S 1023.4E1057 4534AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 170 1010390 ROS4103.0S 1044.0E2214 4417SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 170 2010390 ROS4103.1S 1044.6E2308 4420AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 171 1020390 ROS4006.9S 1103.8E0809 4727SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 171 2020390 ROS4006.6S 1103.2E0855 4731AWI CTD #1 12 bottles 172 1020390 ROS3907.0S 1119.8E1849 5051AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 172 2020390 GER3905.7S 1117.4E2219 5063 172 3020390 ROS3906.6S 1118.4E2247 5045AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 172 4030390 GER3906.0S 1116.3E0409 5065 173 1030390 ROS3837.2S 1222.2E1137 4838SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 173 2030390 ROS3837.1S 1222.9E1222 4764AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 173 3030390 GER3837.1S 1222.6E1258 4741 174 1030390 ROS3807.4S 1320.2E2230 5035SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 174 2030390 ROS3807.2S 1321.6E2327 5036AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 175 1040390 ROS3732.2S 1421.1E0724 4958SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 175 2040390 ROS3732.1S 1420.8E0816 4963AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 176 1050390 ROS3659.8S 1523.1E0504 4804SIO CTD #1 12 bottles 176 2050390 ROS3700.0S 1522.8E0617 4803AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 177 1050390 ROS3626.8S 1624.8E1706 4506AWI CTD #1 12 bottles 177 2050390 ROS3626.8S 1624.8E1845 4507AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 178 1060390 ROS3552.2S 1727.2E0332 3891AWI CTD #1 12 bottles 178 2060390 ROS3552.1S 1727.5E0556 3869AWI CTD #1 24 bottles 179 1060390 ROS3519.9S 1827.0E1855 1794AWI CTD #1 24 bottles TABLE 6: XBT-Stations METEOR 11/5 Drake Passage (part A) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 23.01.1990/2215 101 55 24.4 S 66 25.4 W 24.01.1990/0747 102 56 21.2 S 68 00.6 W 24.01.1990/0852 103 56 28.7 S 68 04.3 W 24.01.1990/0958 104 56 36.6 S 68 08.4 W 24.01.1990/1059 105 56 43.3 S 68 11.6 W 24.01.1990/1535 106 56 56.2 S 68 14.7 W 24.01.1990/1637 107 57 03.8 S 68 15.8 W 24.01.1990/1733 108 57 10.6 S 68 14.1 W 24.01.1990/1829 109 57 17.5 S 68 14.2 W 25.01.1990/1803 110 57 36.1 S 68 09.8 W 25.01.1990/1931 111 57 42.4 S 68 09.0 W 25.01.1990/2055 113 57 47.0 S 68 12.0 W 25.01.1990/2224 114 57 52.6 S 68 15.0 W 26.01.1990/0231 115 57 52.1 S 68 12.5 W 26.01.1990/0331 116 58 01.4 S 68 13.2 W 26.01.1990/0429 117 58 11.8 S 68 14.7 W 26.01.1990/0818 118 58 21.6 S 68 14.7 W 26.01.1990/0908 119 58 30.0 S 68 15.1 W 26.01.1990/0944 120 58 37.5 S 68 14.9 W 26.01.1990/1015 121 58 43.6 S 68 15.0 W 26.01.1990/1739 122 58 49.8 S 68 15.4 W 26.01.1990/2047 123 58 57.4 S 68 15.3 W 26.01.1990/2131 124 59 05.4 S 68 15.4 W 26.01.1990/2224 125 59 13.1 S 68 15.2 W 27.01.1990/0239 126 59 23.1 S 68 13.7 W 27.01.1990/0343 127 59 32.9 S 68 15.5 W 27.01.1990/0424 128 59 39.7 S 68 14.1 W 27.01.1990/0516 129 59 48.5 S 68 14.0 W 27.01.1990/1140 130 59 58.2 S 68 08.1 W 27.01.1990/1251 131 60 05.8 S 68 09.4 W 27.01.1990/1353 132 60 12.5 S 68 04.6 W 27.01.1990/1454 133 60 19.1 S 68 06.9 W 28.01.1990/0015 134 60 14.9 S 68 06.3 W 28.01.1990/0342 135 60 18.9 S 68 08.3 W 28.01.1990/0426 136 60 26.5 S 68 06.2 W 28.01.1990/0513 137 60 35.5 S 68 04.0 W 28.01.1990/0557 138 60 43.8 S 68 01.6 W 28.01.1990/1208 140 61 07.1 S 67 27.6 W 28.01.1990/1559 141 61 12.2 S 67 14.8 W 28.01.1990/1854 147 61 35.9 S 66 40.1 W 29.01.1990/0209 148 61 36.5 S 66 36.1 W 29.01.1990/0253 149 61 43.4 S 66 26.3 W 29.01.1990/0342 150 61 51.2 S 66 13.0 W 29.01.1990/0812 151 62 05.5 S 65 44.3 W 29.01.1990/0901 152 62 11.2 S 65 27.1 W Drake Passage (part A) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 29.01.1990/1028 153 62 16.7 S 65 13.3 W 29.01.1990/1407 154 62 23.3 S 64 53.4 W 29.01.1990/1456 155 62 29.3 S 64 35.4 W 29.01.1990/2150 156 62 36.4 S 64 16.5 W 30.01.1990/0336 157 62 41.2 S 64 00.3 W 30.01.1990/0415 158 62 45.0 S 63 48.5 W 30.01.1990/0655 159 62 50.9 S 63 31.3 W 30.01.1990/0725 160 62 54.8 S 63 21.4 W 30.01.1990/0748 161 62 57.9 S 63 13.0 W 30.01.1990/0808 162 63 00.5 S 63 06.4 W 30.01.1990/0823 163 63 01.1 S 63 04.9 W South Orkney (part B) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 6.02.1990/0918 164 59 04.1 S 48 08.4 W 6.02.1990/1057 165 59 09.6 S 47 45.2 W 6.02.1990/1243 166 59 15.2 S 47 14.8 W 6.02.1990/1626 167 59 22.3 S 47 00.6 W 6.02.1990/1745 168 59 34.0 S 46 44.5 W 6.02.1990/1853 169 59 45.1 S 46 25.2 W 6.02.1990/2000 170 59 56.3 S 46 06.6 W 6.02.1990/2116 171 60 09.1 S 45 47.8 W 6.02.1990/2210 172 60 12.3 S 45 40.0 W 6.02.1990/0940 173 60 29.9 S 43 37.8 W 6.02.1990/1032 174 60 31.6 S 43 17.7 W 6.02.1990/1141 175 60 33.9 S 42 50.0 W 6.02.1990/1257 176 60 37.4 S 42 20.1 W 6.02.1990/1722 177 60 39.1 S 41 56.3 W 7.02.1990/2336 178 60 38.9 S 41 53.2 W 8.02.1990/0146 179 60 42.0 S 41 33.0 W 8.02.1990/0402 180 60 41.5 S 41 16.8 W 8.02.1990/0735 181 60 36.3 S 40 48.0 W 8.02.1990/0839 182 60 32.3 S 40 22.4 W 8.02.1990/0946 183 60 27.4 S 39 56.8 W 8.02.1990/0958 184 60 27.4 S 39 56.8 W 8.02.1990/1534 185 60 36.3 S 38 44.9 W 8.02.1990/1541 186 60 36.9 S 38 41.3 W 8.02.1990/1642 187 60 40.6 S 38 21.7 W 8.02.1990/2025 188 60 56.0 S 37 51.7 W 8.02.1990/2152 189 61 07.2 S 37 30.8 W American-Antarctic Ridge (part C) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 11.02.1990/2315 190 59 15.5 S 26 29.0 W 11.02.1990/0114 191 59 09.3 S 26 00.0 W 11.02.1990/0625 192 58 59.1 S 25 12.7 W 11.02.1990/0815 193 58 49.1 S 24 49.7 W 11.02.1990/0924 194 58 43.1 S 24 41.1 W 12.02.1990/0211 195 58 42.6 S 23 49.3 W 12.02.1990/0947 196 58 37.7 S 22 53.1 W 12.02.1990/1700 197 58 29.9 S 21 47.8 W 14.02.1990/0239 198 58 23.5 S 20 34.9 W 14.02.1990/1101 199 58 15.4 S 19 06.4 W 14.02.1990/1846 201 58 03.2 S 17 31.6 W 15.02.1990/0851 202 57 51.7 S 16 00.0 W 15.02.1990/1640 203 57 42.0 S 14 15.0 W 16.02.1990/0116 204 57 35.4 S 12 41.1 W 16.02.1990/1225 205 57 25.1 S 10 35.9 W 16.02.1990/2009 206 57 18.1 S 09 03.3 W 16.02.1990/0628 207 57 17.5 S 07 24.4 W 16.02.1990/1443 208 57 34.1 S 05 41.9 W 17.02.1990/2346 209 58 03.4 S 03 55.4 W 18.02.1990/1016 210 58 20.6 S 01 59.9 W 18.02.1990/2144 211 58 14.5 S 00 43.8 W NS-Section to Cape Town (part D) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 19.02.1990/0026 212 57 58.1 S 00 37.0 W 20.02.1990/0030 216 55 50.5 S 00 45.4 E 20.02.1990/0301 217 55 33.6 S 00 56.4 E 20.02.1990/1605 218 54 58.6 S 01 17.8 E 20.02.1990/1843 219 54 40.0 S 01 32.6 E 22.02.1990/1140 220 53 10.2 S 02 33.1 E 22.02.1990/1304 221 52 57.8 S 02 40.2 E 22.02.1990/1304 222 52 57.8 S 02 40.2 E 22.02.1990/1925 223 52 23.2 S 03 01.9 E 22.02.1990/1925 224 52 23.2 S 03 01.9 E 22.02.1990/2108 225 52 08.6 S 03 11.3 E 23.02.1990/1422 226 51 38.8 S 03 32.3 E 23.02.1990/1557 227 51 23.2 S 03 41.2 E 24.02.1990/1239 228 50 03.4 S 04 28.2 E 51.02.1990/5003 229 50 03.4 S 04 28.2 E 24.02.1990/1407 230 49 48.1 S 04 36.2 E 24.02.1990/2016 231 49 06.2 S 04 59.8 E 24.02.1990/2124 232 48 54.2 S 05 07.8 E 25.02.1990/0351 233 48 20.2 S 05 30.2 E 25.02.1990/0705 234 47 49.7 S 05 42.2 E 25.02.1990/2033 235 47 20.1 S 05 59.2 E 25.02.1990/2243 236 47 12.4 S 06 22.9 E 26.02.1990/0507 237 46 43.7 S 07 03.5 E NS-Section to Cape Town (part D) Date/Time(GMT) Sta Latitude Longitude ---------- ---- --- --------- --------- 26.02.1990/0717 238 07 25.5 S 46 27.6 E 26.02.1990/2039 239 45 59.1 S 08 06.8 E 26.02.1990/2340 240 45 47.6 S 08 24.0 E 27.02.1990/1557 241 45 17.4 S 09 01.9 E 27.02.1990/1706 243 45 05.8 S 09 14.3 E 27.02.1990/0720 244 44 43.5 S 09 36.8 E 27.02.1990/0851 245 44 16.6 S 09 43.1 E 27.02.1990/2158 246 43 35.9 S 09 56.6 E 28.02.1990/2321 247 43 19.3 S 10 00.9 E 1.03.1990/0601 248 42 37.2 S 10 14.5 E 1.03.1990/0734 249 42 18.5 S 10 18.7 E 1.03.1990/1727 251 41 45.7 S 10 29.1 E 1.03.1990/1932 251 41 21.9 S 10 37.6 E 2.03.1990/0415 252 40 44.0 S 10 51.6 E 2.03.1990/0606 253 40 26.7 S 10 57.5 E 2.03.1990/1447 254 39 46.7 S 11 13.6 E 2.03.1990/1706 255 39 26.0 S 11 21.3 E 3.03.1990/0830 256 38 55.8 S 11 41.6 E 3.03.1990/0959 257 38 46.7 S 12 02.9 E 4.03.1990/0536 258 37 43.4 S 14 01.1 E 4.03.1990/0536 259 37 43.4 S 14 01.1 E 4.03.1990/2109 260 37 27.0 S 14 41.7 E 4.03.1990/2318 261 37 17.1 S 14 51.6 E 5.03.1990/1253 262 36 14.8 S 15 47.0 E 5.03.1990/1253 263 36 14.8 S 15 47.0 E 5.03.1990/1438 264 36 26.9 S 15 57.6 E 5.03.1990/1515 265 36 26.3 S 16 06.0 E 5.03.1990/2330 266 36 15.4 S 16 46.1 E 6.03.1990/0113 267 36 06.9 S 17 06.4 E 6.03.1990/0356 268 35 53.2 S 17 27.4 E 6.03.1990/0955 269 35 42.5 S 17 48.9 E 6.03.1990/1246 270 35 29.9 S 18 07.1 E 6.03.1990/1904 271 35 20.0 S 18 27.1 E 6.03.1990/2225 272 35 12.6 S 18 35.9 E FIGURES LEGENDS Fig. 1: Cruise track and stations (large dots: large volume stations), METEOR cruise 11/5 Fig. 2: Potential temperature section, Drake Passage, METEOR 11/5 (WOCE S1/A21). Station positions see Fig. 1 and Table 4. Isolines by objective analysis of original data (indicated by dots) by R. Schlitzer. Bottom depth from ships recordings. Fig. 3: same, salinity section. Fig. 4: same, density parameter, sigma-0 (0-1000 m),sigma-2 (1000-3000 m); sigma- 4 (3000-bottom) Fig. 5: same, silicate section. Fig. 6: same, CFM 11 section. The position of the lowest isoline, 0.025 pM, is somewhat uncertain, for being near to the data error of about 0.01 pmol/kg. Fig. 7: CFM 11 section, Orkney Stas. (Fig. 1), for explanation see Fig. 2. Fig. 8: South Sandwich trench and east, potential temperature section, Stas. see Fig. 1, for explanation see Fig. 2. Fig. 9: same, oxygen section. Fig. 10: same silica section. Fig. 11: African Passage section (WOCE S2/A12), potential temperature. Stas. see Fig. 1, for explanation see Fig. 2. Fig. 12: same, salinity section. Fig. 13: Map of XBT drops, some numbers are omitted for clarity. Fig. 14: XBT section, 0 to 700 m, in four parts as indicated in Fig. 13. Fig. 15: Thermosalinograph section, in three parts as indicated in Fig. 13. Fig. 16: Alace float trajectories, Jan. to end of August 1990. Vector displacements for 14 day period between dive and surfacing position are shown, coded for the individual floats; gap between vectors is surface time (24 h). Float rise velocity exceeds 1 km/h, descent starts at 700 m/h approaching zero at equilibrium depth. CARBON DIOXIDE, HYDROGRAPHIC, AND CHEMICAL DATA (A. Kozyr and A.F. Gaslightwala) July 1994 Exerpted from Carbon Dioxide report ORNL/CDIAC-55 NDP-045 Chipman, D. W., T. Takahashi, D. Breger, and S. C. Sutherland. 1994. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Meteor Cruise 11/5 in the South Atlantic and Northern Weddell Sea Areas (WOCE sections A-12 and A-21). ORNL/CDIAC-55, NDP-045. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ABSTRACT This document presents the procedures and methods used to obtain carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrographic, and chemical data during the R/V Meteor Expedition 1115 in the South Atlantic Ocean, including the Drake Passage (Section A-12); the Northern Weddell Sea; and the Eastern South Atlantic Ocean (Section A-21). This cruise was conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The cruise started from Ushuaia, Argentina, on January 23, 1990, and ended at Capetown, South Africa on March 8, 1990. Samples were collected at 78 stations that covered the Drake Passage (56-63° S); the Northern Weddell Sea (45-35° W); a section along the 58° W parallel (25° W-prime meridian); and two segmented S- N sections between the Northern Weddell Sea and Capetown, South Africa. Measurements taken at WOCE sections A-12 and A-21 included pressure, temperature, salinity measured by the Conductivity, Temperature and Depth sensor (CTD); bottle salinity; oxygen; phosphate; nitrate; nitrite; silicate; total carbon concentration (TCO2); and partial pressure Of CO2 (pCO2) measured at 20°C. In addition, potential density at 0 decibar (dbar) and potential temperature were calculated from the measured variables. The TCO2 concentration in seawater samples was measured using a coulometer with an estimated precision of approximately ±1 µmol/kg. The coulometer was calibrated frequently at sea by using a high-precision gas pipette and CO2 gas (99.998%). The pCO2 value in seawater samples was measured at 20°C by means of a constant volume (500 ml seawater) equilibrator and a gas chromatograph. CO2 in equilibrated gas was first converted to methane, by using a ruthenium catalyst, and then measured by a flame-ionization detector. The precision of pCO2 measurements has been estimated to be approximately ±0.1%. The CO2 investigation during the R/V Meteor Cruise 11/5 was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (No. DE-FG02-90ER60943). The data set is available, free of charge, as a Numeric Data Package (NDP) from CDIAC. The NDP consists of seven data files and this printed documentation, which describes the contents and format of all data files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain these data during the R/V Meteor Cruise 11/5. 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The World Ocean plays a dynamic role in the Earth's climate: it captures heat from the sun, transports it, and releases it thousands of miles away. These oceanic-solar-atmospheric interactions affect winds, rainfall patterns, and temperatures on a global scale. The oceans also play a major role in global carbon cycle processes. Carbon in the oceans is unevenly distributed because of complex circulation patterns and biogeochernical cycles, neither of which is completely understood. In addition to circulation patterns, biological processes (i.e., photosynthesis and respiration) play a crucial role in the carbon cycle. The oceans are estimated to hold 38,000 gigatons of carbon, which is 50 times more carbon than that in the atmosphere and 20 times more carbon than that held by plants, animals, and the soil (Williams 1990). Thus, if only 2% of the carbon stored in the oceans is released, the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) would double (Williams 1990). Furthermore, every year more than 15 times as much CO2 is exchanged across the sea surface than the amount produced by the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities (Williams 1990). Several large experiments were conducted in the past, and others are currently under way, attempting to better understand the oceans and their role in climate and the global carbon cycle. One of the earliest large-scale oceanographic projects was the Geochernical Ocean Section Study (GEOSECS). The goal of GEOSECS was to study geochernical properties of the oceans with respect to large-scale circulation problems. The project, which covered the Atlantic (1972-73), Pacific (1973-74), and Indian (1977-78) oceans, officially started in 1971 and was noted for its use of equipment and techniques that were at the forefront of modem technology and knowledge. The Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) project (1982) was designed to measure the distribution of CO2 and hydrographic properties in the North Atlantic Ocean. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) started in 1990 and is currently under way. WOCE is the first research program of sufficient scope to mount a true global study of the ocean. WOCE brings together the expertise of scientists and technicians from many nations in an oceanographic experiment that is larger than any ever attempted. Another multinational program currently under way is the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). The purpose of JGOFS is to investigate the processes controlling marine biogeochernical cycles, specifically carbon and nutrient cycles. Seventy-eight stations were occupied along the WOCE sections A-21 and A-12 (Fig. 1). 3. DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES Data file m115.dat (see description on pp. 26-28) in this numeric data package contains the following variables: station numbers; cast numbers; sample numbers; bottle numbers; CTD pressures; CTD temperatures; CTD salinities; potential temperatures; bottle salinities; concentrations of dissolved oxygen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate; total CO2 concentrations; partial pressures of CO2 at 20°C; potential densities at 0 dbar; and quality flags. Station inventory file mll5sta.inv (pp. 24-25) contains section numbers; station numbers; latitude, longitude, sampling date (i.e., day, month, and year), and bottom depth for each station. In accordance with WOCE data management policies, which stipulate that WOCE data are not final until designated as such by the chief scientist, we have rounded the CTD salinity, CTD temperature, potential temperature, and density values to two decimal places. If the chief scientist designates these parameters as final, these variables will be restored to their original precision. The temperature and pressure readings of the Neil Brown IIIB CTD unit were corrected through the use of 4-6 pairs of reversing thermometers; the electrical conductivity readings were corrected by using the salinity values determined aboard the ship for all 24 Niskin samplers. A Guildline(trademark) Autosal 8400A salinometer and the Wormley Salinity Standards were used for the determination of salinity in the discrete water samples. The precision of the measurements obtained by the CTD unit has been estimated to be ±0.002°C for temperature and ±0.002” for salinity. Potential temperature (theta) and potential density (sigma0) values were computed through the use of the potential temperature algorithm of Fofonoff (1980), the International Equation of State for Seawater (Millero et al. 1980), and Bryden's (1973) formulation for the adiabatic temperature gradient. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was determined by means of the Winkler titration method. A molar volume at STP of 22.385 liter/mole (Kester 1975) was used to convert oxygen concentrations from milliliter per liter to micromoles per kilogram of seawater at the in situ temperature. The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate dissolved in the seawater samples were determined through the use of standard calorimetric methods with an Auto-Analyzer. Determinations were generally made within 6 hours of collection. The water samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C before analysis. All of the concentration values are expressed in units of per kilogram of seawater, although analytical samples were isolated by volumetric means. For the conversion from the volume to the mass of seawater sample, the density of each water sample was computed by using the International Equation of State for Seawater (Millero et al. 1980) and the measured salinity and the temperature at which the volumetric measurements were made. The total CO2 concentration in approximately 1300 seawater samples and the CO2 partial pressure in approximately 870 seawater samples collected at 76 stations (Fig. 2) were determined aboard the ship. The TCO2 concentration in seawater samples was determined by the use of a coulometric system, which was modified from that described by Johnson et al. (1985). For analysis, the seawater was introduced into the stripping chamber using fixed-volume syringes. The sample was acidified with 1 ml of 8.5% phosphoric acid while it was in the stripping chamber, where the evolved CO2 gas was swept from the sample and transferred with a stream of CO2-free air into the electrochemical cell of the CO2 coulometer (UTC-Coulometric Model-5011). In the coulometer cell, the CO2 was quantitatively absorbed by a solution of ethanolamine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Reaction between the CO2 and the ethanolamine formed the weak hydroxyethylcarbamic acid. The pH change of the solution associated with the formation of the acid resulted in a color change of the thymophthalein pH indicator in the solution. The color change, from deep blue to colorless, was detected by a photodiode, which continually monitored the transmissivity of the solution. The electronic circuitry of the coulometer, on detecting the change in the color of the pH indicator, caused a current to be passed through the cell generating hydroxyl (OH-) ions from a small amount of water in the solution. The 0H- that was generated titrated the acid, returning the solution to its original pH (and hence color); the circuitry then interrupted the current flow. The product of current passed through the cell and time was related by the Faraday constant to the number of moles of OH- generated to titrate the acid and hence to the number of moles of CO2 absorbed to form the acid. The volumes delivered by the constant-volume syringes were determined by repeatedly weighing distilled water dispensed in the same manner as a sample; the volume was calculated from the delivered weight by using the density of pure water at the temperature of the measurement and a buoyancy correction for the air displaced by the water (amounts to approximately 0.1% of the weight of the water). The density of the seawater in the pipet was calculated at the temperature of injection by using the International Equation of State (Millero et al. 1980). The coulometer was calibrated by introducing research-grade CO2 gas (99.998%) into the carrier gas line upstream of the extraction tube, using a pair of fixed-volume sample loops on a gas-sampling valve and measuring the gas pressure in the loops as the gas was vented to the ambient atmosphere, and determining the barometric pressure by means of the electronic barometer used with the pCO2 system. The loop temperature was measured to ±0.05°C with a thermometer calibrated against one traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the non-ideality of CO2 was incorporated in the computation of the loop contents. The volume of the calibration loop had previously been determined by weighing empty loops and then loops filled with mercury. The volumes of these loops have additionally been checked by comparing the amount Of CO2 introduced by them with the amount derived from gravimetric samples of calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate. They were found to be accurate to within 0. 1%. During the expedition, the coulometer was calibrated several times daily by using the calibrated loop and pure CO2 gas. In order to evaluate the long-term reproducibility and precision of the coulometric determination Of CO2 in seawater, a number of sample bottles were filled with a homogeneous sample of surface water and deep water. Bottles made of Pyrex glass and PET plastic (500 ml and 1000 ml, respectively) were used. Bottled samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride solutions (200 µl for each 500-ml water sample) and analyzed for total CO2 during the expedition. On the basis of these measurements (Fig. 3), the precision of TCO2 measurements during this expedition was estimated to be approximately ±1 µmol/kg. Additional details on the TCO2 measurements are discussed in Chipman et al. (1992). A fully automated equilibrator-gas chromatograph system was used during the expedition to determined the pCO2 exerted by the seawater samples. Prior to analysis, the sample flasks were brought to 20°C in the thermostated water bath, and approximately 45 ml of seawater was displaced with air that had a known CO2 concentration. The air in the flasks and in the tubing connecting the flasks to the sample loop of the gas chromatograph was recirculated continuously for approximately 20 minutes; the gas disperser about 1 cm below the water surface provided a large contact area between the water and air bubbles. At the end of the equilibration period, the circulation pump was switched off, and the air pressure throughout the system was allowed to equalize. A 1-ml aliquot of the equilibrated air was isolated from the equilibration subsystem and injected into the carrier gas stream of the gas chromatograph by cycling the gas sampling valve to which the sample loop was attached. After chromatographic separation, the CO2 was converted into methane and water vapor through a reaction with the hydrogen carrier in the catalytic converter. The methane produced by this reaction was then measured with a precision of ±0.05% (one standard deviation) by the flame ionization detector. The concentration of CO2 in the sample was determined through comparison with the peak areas of known amounts of CO2 from injections of three reference gas mixtures, which were calibrated against the World Meteorological Organization standards created by C. D. Keeling. The reference gas mixtures were injected into the gas chromatograph by means of the same sample loop used for the equilibrated air samples; the pressure of the gas in the sample loop at the time of injection was determined by venting the loop to atmospheric pressure and measuring that pressure by means of a high-accuracy electronic barometer (Setra Systems, Inc., Model 270, accuracy ±0.3 millibar; calibration traceable to the NIST provided by the manufacturer). The sample loop was located within the well-controlled temperature environment of the column oven of the gas chromatograph; hence, all injections were made at a constant temperature. The equilibrated air samples were saturated with water vapor at the temperature of equilibration and had the same pCO2 as the water sample. By injecting the air aliquot without removing the water vapor, the partial pressure of CO2 was determined directly, without the need to know the water vapor pressure (Takahashi et al. 1982). However, was necessary to know the pressure of equilibration, which was controlled by keeping the equilibrator flask at atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure was, in turn, measured with the electronic barometer at the time each equilibrated air sample was injected into the gas chromatograph. Corrections were required to account for the change in pCO2 of the sample water as a result of the transfer of CO2 to or from the water during equilibration with the recirculating air. The overall precision of the pCO2 measurement is estimated to be about ±0.10%, based on the reproducibility of replicate equilibrations. Greater details on the pCO2 measurements are discussed in Chipman et al. (1992). 4. DATA CHECKS PERFORMED BY CDIAC An important part of the numeric data package (NDP) process at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) involves the quality assurance (QA) of data before distribution. Data received at CDIAC are rarely in a condition that would permit immediate distribution, regardless of the source. To guarantee data of the highest possible quality, CDIAC conducts extensive QA reviews. Reviews involve examining the data for completeness, reasonableness, and accuracy. Although they have common objectives, these reviews are tailored to each data set, often requiring extensive programming efforts. In short, the QA process is a critical component in the value-added concept of supplying accurate, usable data for researchers. The following summarizes the checks performed by CDIAC on the data obtained during the R/V Meteor 11/5 Expedition in the South Atlantic Ocean and Northern Weddell Sea areas. 1. These data were provided to CDIAC in three files: CO2 measurements, along with downgraded hydrographic and chemical data, provided by Taro Takahashi and David Chipman from Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; hydrographic and chemical measurements, and station information files provided by the WOCE Hydrographic Program Office (WHPO) after quality evaluation; FORTRAN 77 retrieval code written and used to merge and reformat the first two data files. 2. All data were plotted by using a PLOTNEST.C program written by Stewart C. Sutherland (LDEO) to check for obvious outliers. The program plots a series of nested profiles, using the station number as an offset; the first station is defined at the beginning, and subsequent stations are offset by a fixed interval (Figs. 4 and 5). Some outliers were identified and removed after consultation with the principal investigators. 3. Property-property plots for all parameters were generated (Fig. 6), carefully examined, and compared with plots from previous expeditions in the South Atlantic Ocean to identify "noisy" data and possible systematic, methodological errors. 4. All variables were checked for values exceeding physical limits, such as sampling depth values that are greater than the given bottom depths. 5. Station locations (latitudes and longitudes) and sampling times were examined for consistency with maps and with cruise information supplied by Chipman et al. (1992). 6. CTD salinity, CTD temperature, potential temperature, and density have been downgraded to two decimal places in accordance with WOCE data management policies, which stipulate that data are not final until designated as such by the chief scientist. If the chief scientist designates these parameters as final, these values will be restored to their original precision. 7. The designation for missing values, given as -9.0 in the original files, was changed to -999.9. FIGURE LEGENDS (see PDF report for figs) Figure 1. Station locations during the R/V Meteor Cruise 11/5. Figure 2. Sampling depths at the 78 hydrographic stations occupied during the R/V MIETEOR Cruise 1115. Figure 3. Repeated measurements of the total CO2 concentration in sea surface (A) and in deep water (B) samples. About 50 sample bottles were analyzed over a 50-day period during the expedition. Only 20 bottles were filled with a homogenized deep water sample and analyzed subsequently over a period of 13 days. The analyses of these samples yield a mean value of 1965.2±1.0 for the surface samples and 2262.2±1.0 for the deep water samples. Figure 4. Nested profiles: Total carbon (µmol/kg) vs pressure (dbar) for stations 102-141. Figure 5. Nested profiles: Total carbon (µmol/kg) vs pressure (dbar) for stations 142-179. Figure 6. Property-property plots for all stations occupied during the R/V Meteor Cruise 11/5. 6. REFERENCES Bryden, H. L. 1973. New polynomials for thermal expansion, adiabatic temperature gradient and potential temperature of seawater. Deep-Sea Research 20: 401-08. Chipman, D., T. Takahashi, D. Breger, S. Sutherland. 1992. Investigation of carbon dioxide in the South Atlantic and Northern Weddell Sea Areas (WOCE Sections A-12 and A-21) during the Meteor Expedition 11/5, January-March 1990. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y. Clark, W. C. 1982. Carbon dioxide review. Clarendon Press and Oxford Press, Oxford, England, and New York. Fofonoff, N. P. 1980. Computation of potential temperature of seawater for an arbitrary reference pressure. Deep-Sea Research 24: 489-91. Johnson, K. M., A. E. King, and M. Sirburth. 1985. Coulometric TCO2 analyses for marine studies: An introduction. Marine Chemistry 16: 61-82. Kester, D. R. 1975. Dissolved gases other than CO2. pp. 497-556. In 2nd Edition, J.P. Riley, G. Skirrow (eds.), Chemical Oceanography. Academic Press, London. Vol.1. Millero, F. J., C.-T. Chen, A- Bradshaw and K. Schleicher. 1980. A new high- pressure equation of state for seawater. Deep-Sea Research 27: 225- 64. Roether, W., M. Sarnthein, T. J. Miffler, W. Nellen und D. Sahrhage. 1990. SUDATLANTICZIRCUMPOLARSTORM, Reise Nr. 11. 3 October 1989 - 11 Mdrz 1990. Meteor-Berichte, Universität Hamburg. Sievers, H. A., and W. D. Nowlin. 1984. The stratification and water masses at Drake Passage. Journal of Geophysics Research 89: 10489-514. Takahashi, T., D. Chipman, N. Schechtman, J. Goddard, and R. Wanninkof. 1982. Measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 in discrete water samples during the North Atlantic Expedition, the Transient Tracers of Oceans Project. Technical Report to NSF. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, N.Y. U.S. WOCE Implementation Plan. 1991. U.S. Implementation Report No. 1, U.S. WOCE Office, College Station, Tex. Williams, P. J. 1990. Oceans carbon, and climate change. Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), Halifax, Canada. CTD CALIBRATION REPORT 06MT11_5 (Ronala G. Patrick/SIO-ODF) 28 DEC 1989 (submitted to WHPO 16 JUL 1993) CALIBRATION SUMMARY Parameters: Pressure and Temperature Instruments: 1 ea NBIS Mark III CTD Identification: AWI CTD serial serial # 01-1069 Dates of calibration: 1989 DEC 13-19 By: R.T.Williams Sequence of events of calibration: 13 Dec 89: Temperature calibration started. Corrections were determined from -2.5 to 25.0 °C. 14 Dec 89: (Continue temperature calibration) 14 Dec 89: 0-8830 psi (0-6080 dbars) pressure calib at -1.00 °C 14 Dec 89: 0-1730 psi (0-1190 dbars) pressure calib at 5.00 °C 15 Dec 89: (Continue temperature calibration) 19 Dec 89: (Continue temperature calibration) 19 Dec 89: Calibrations complete. Calibrations carried out by: Robert T. Williams Oceanographic Data Facility Scripps Institution of Oceanography U.C. San Diego, A-014 La Jolla, California 92093 (619) 534-4426 CTD TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION REPORT Temperature transfer standard: Rosemount standard platinum resistance thermometer Model 162CE, serial no. 2544. Most recent triple point: 19 September 1989. Resesistance Bridge: NBIS ATB-1250 Constant Temperature Water Bath: 375 liters volume, stirred with industrial stirrer moving 1500 liters/min. Controlled by Tronac PTC-41 temperature controller using 2 cooled heater units and 1 auxiliary cooling coil. Standard deviation was 0.0003 degrees C or better during calibration. Gradients in bath interior: approx. 0.001 degrees C/meter. The CTD was completely immersed in the bath. Procedure: The CTD was suspended on rails in the center of the bath. The Standard PRT (SPRT) was located as close as possible (less than 2 cm) to the CTD temperature sensor. At each temperature, 30-70 SPRT readings were taken, each reading being compared to an average of 15 frames of CTD data with a standard deviation of .0002. The time spent taking readings after the bath stabilized at each temperature varied from a few minutes to over an hour. 13 DEC 89 01-1069 POST-OFFSET, PRE-METEOR in tank at 5 degrees at 1220 TIME SPRT TEMP. CTD TEMP. CORRECTION # OF VALUES (hhmm) (deg.C) (deg.C) (deg.C) IN AVERAGE 1327 5.0018 7.9990 -2.9972 10 1329 5.0024 7.9996 -2.9972 10 1339 5.0025 7.9998 -2.9973 10 1344 5.0028 8.0001 -2.9973 10 1347 5.0025 7.9998 -2.9973 10 1349-1353 Go to 1 degree 1414 1.0066 4.0000 -2.9934 10 1437 1.0052 3.9987 -2.9935 10 1551 1.0036 3.9970 -2.9934 10 1557 1.0034 3.9969 -2.9935 10 Go to -1 degree 1623 -1.0040 1.9876 -2.9916 10 1626 -1.0032 1.9883 -2.9915 10 1632 -1.0030 1.9885 -2.9915 10 1716 -1.0030 1.9883 -2.9913 10 1753 -1.0035 1.9880 -2.9915 10 14 DEC 89 0957 -1.0037 1.9881 -2.9918 10 1042 -1.0039 1.9878 -2.9917 10 TIME SPRT TEMP. CTD TEMP. CORRECTION # OF VALUES (hhmm) (deg.C) (deg.C) (deg.C) IN AVERAGE Go to -2.5 degree 1149 -2.5015 0.4887 -2.9902 10 1159 -2.5014 0.4888 -2.9902 10 1221 -2.5018 0.4889 -2.9907 10 1231 -2.5014 0.4889 -2.9903 10 Go to -2.0 degree 1252 -1.9988 0.9921 -2.9909 10 1257 -1.9982 0.9926 -2.9908 10 1308 -1.9986 0.9923 -2.9909 10 Go to -1.0 degree 1320 -0.9999 1.9917 -2.9916 10 1323 -1.0008 1.9910 -2.9918 10 1333 -1.0009 1.9906 -2.9915 10 DO 0-8830 psi pressure calib. at -1 degrees 1446 -1.0009 1.9906 -2.9915 10 1452-1500 Go to 3.0 degrees 1503 3.0016 5.9977 -2.9961 10 1628 3.0046 6.0006 -2.9960 10 1630 3.0046 6.0006 -2.9960 10 1631-1637 Go to 5 degrees 1638 4.9965 7.9941 -2.9976 10 1644 4.9970 7.9947 -2.9977 10 1659 4.9972 7.9950 -2.9978 10 Do 0-1730 psi pressure calib. at 5 degrees 1725 4.9969 7.9948 -2.9979 10 1726-1732 Go to 10 degrees 1736 9.9977 12.9987 -3.0010 10 1806 9.9986 13.0001 -3.0015 10 1812 9.9985 13.0000 -3.0015 10 1815 9.9983 12.9999 -3.0016 10 Go to 15 degrees 1825 15.0026 18.0066 -3.0040 10 1831 15.0041 18.0085 -3.0044 10 1834 15.0046 18.0089 -3.0043 10 1924 15.0044 18.0087 -3.0043 10 2015 15.0051 18.0092 -3.0041 10 15 DEC 89 1908 15.0050 18.0094 -3.0044 10 1918 15.0048 18.0092 -3.0044 10 TIME SPRT TEMP. CTD TEMP. CORRECTION # OF VALUES (hhmm) (deg.C) (deg.C) (deg.C) IN AVERAGE Go to 20 degrees 1934 20.0011 23.0072 -3.0061 10 1935 20.0013 23.0076 -3.0063 10 1942 20.0019 23.0083 -3.0064 10 1950 20.0001 23.0065 -3.0064 10 2006 19.9999 23.0063 -3.0064 10 Go to 25 degrees 2025 25.0020 28.0094 -3.0074 10 2027 25.0020 28.0094 -3.0074 10 2117 25.0027 28.0099 -3.0072 10 2208 25.0024 28.0094 -3.0070 10 2259 25.0023 28.0091 -3.0068 10 19 Dec 89 1539 25.0031 28.0097 -3.0066 10 1541 25.0030 28.0096 -3.0066 10 1546-1548 Go to 14+ degrees 1551 14.4393 17.4447 -3.0054 5 1552 14.4388 17.4441 -3.0053 6 1554 14.4393 17.4441 -3.0048 10 1603 14.4384 17.4425 -3.0041 10 1640 14.4382 17.4420 -3.0038 10 1654 14.4378 17.4417 -3.0039 10 1718 14.4382 17.4422 -3.0040 10 End of Calibration Pressure transfer standard: Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage Piston gage serial number: HC-792 calib date: 10 Jan 1985 Weight set serial number: 34221 calib date: 10 Jan 1985 Pressure range: 30 to 12000 psi. CTD calibration date: 14 Dec 1989 Barometer: 1012.2 mbars CTD pressure transducer 17.8 cm below standard reference plane Bath temperature for this calibration: 5.00 degrees C The CTD was connected to the Ruska pressure standard in a closed loop to apply desired pressures. Pressure was applied via calibrated plates of known mass starting with atmospheric pressure, going to the maximum pressure, then back to atmospheric pressure. The beginning and ending "zero"pressures were obtained by opening the system to the atmosphere, effectively applying only the barometric pressure and oil head pressure in the standard system to the CTD. At each pressure, a minimum of three readings were taken, with each reading compared to an average of 10 frames of data, providing the standard deviation within the 10 frames of data did not exceed 0.1 decibar. The effects of physical parameters such as barometric pressure and head pressure of the oil were calculated and used to derive the correction values. STANDARD PRESSURE CTD PRESSURE CORRECTION NEEDED (calibrated dbars) (uncorrected dbars) (dbars, at 5.00 deg.C) 0.2 5.1 -4.9 20.8 25.6 -4.8 89.6 94.1 -4.5 158.5 162.7 -4.2 227.3 231.3 -4.0 296.2 300.0 -3.8 365.0 368.8 -3.8 502.6 506.5 -3.9 640.3 644.5 -4.2 709.2 713.4 -4.2 846.8 851.4 -4.6 1053.3 1058.3 -5.0 1191.0 1196.3 -5.3 1053.3 1059.3 -6.0 846.8 853.8 -7.0 709.2 716.3 -7.1 640.3 647.6 -7.3 502.6 5,09.8 -7.2 365.0 372.0 -7.0 296.2 303.0 -6.8 227.3 233.8 -6.5 158.5 164.6 -6.1 89.6 95.4 -5.8 20.8 26.0 -5.2 0.2 5.4 -5.2 Pressure transfer standard: Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage Piston gage serial number: HC-792 calib date: 10 Jan 1985 Weight set serial number: 34221 calib date: 10 Jan 1985 Pressure range: 30 to 12000 psi. CTD calibration date: 14 Dec 1989 Barometer: 1012.2 mbars CTD pressure transducer 17.8 cm below standard reference plane Bath temperature for this calibration: -1.00 degrees C STANDARD PRESSURE CTD PRESSURE CORRECTION NEEDED (calibrated dbars) (uncorrected dbars) (dbars at -1.00 deg.C) 0.2 5.1 -4.9 20.8 25.7 -4.9 158.5 162.8 -4.3 365.0 369.0 -4.0 709.2 713.8 -4.6 1053.3 1058.8 -5.5 1397.6 1403.4 -5.8 2086.0 2090.9 -4.9 2774.4 2777.6 -3.2 3463.0 3464.1 PRL -1.1 4151.5 4151.0 0.5 4840.0 4838.6 1.4 5528.6 5526.9 1.7 6079.5 6078.8 0.7 ------------------------------------------ 5528.6 5527.0 1.6 4840.0 4838.5 1.5 4151.5 4151.0 0.5 3463.0 3464.4 -1.4 2774.4 2778.4 PRN -4.0 2086.0 2092.8 -6.8 1397.6 1406.8 -9.2 1053.3 1063.1 -9.8 709.2 718.6 -9.4 365.0 373.1 -8.1 158.5 165.2 -6.7 20.8 26.4 -5.6 0.2 5.6 -5.4 14/09/89-10241 APPENDIX H PRESSURE AVERAGING Pressure Averaging converts the raw time series instrument data from the CTD to a uniform pressure averaged series. Time lags between sensors are corrected before pressure averaging and the sensor calibrations are applied to convert the pressure averaged data to engineering units after pressure averaging. Any erroneous observations must be corrected using the manual editor before pressure averaging. The conversion of conductivity and temperature to engineering units and the computation of salinity according to the 1978 practical salinity scale is done on the pressure averaged data to reduce the number of calculations. Calculated data are stored in the output file in ASCII. Sensor time lag corrections: Because the output file is no longer a uniform time series, corrections for time lags between. sensors, particularly temperature and conductivity, must occur prior to carrying out the pressure averaging. The platinum temperature sensor has a time constant which has been observed to vary by a factor of three among sensors. The nominally mid-range time constant is .06 seconds. Note that some Mark III CTD's have summed platinum and thermistor temperature probes with a faster nominal thermal response but a more complex transfer function (reference 17). The flushing length of the 3 centimeter conductivity sensor depends on lowering rate but is short (Approximately .03 seconds at I meter/sec lowering rates) compared to the thermal response of the temperature probe. To slow the conductivity cell down to match the temperature probe, an exponential recursive filter is applied to the conductivity sensor to give the conductivity a response closely approximating the temperature sensor (see Millard 1982). C(t) = C(t-delta t)*W1 Ci(t)*Wo where Wo = e–-delta t/tau W1 = 1 - Wo tau is the platinum thermometer time constant. delta t is the time between CTD observations. The temperature probe time constant tau is stored in the instrument calibration file. Pressure is treated similarly: P(t) = P(t-delta t)*Wo Pi(t)*Wo Ci and Pi are the raw conductivity and pressure. C and P is output lagged conductivity and pressure Although the shift in amplitude and phase of pressure is small from filtering, the resultant pressure is smoother varying and better behaved for differentiating to compute the lowering rate to look for pressure reversals. The pressure averaging to create a uniform pressure series is broken into two steps. First, the time average of pressure, temperature, conductivity, and other parameters is performed between the starting pressure Po and Po + delta P. Depending on whether the instrument spends more or less time above the center pressure value Po + 1/2 delta, the time averaged pressure will be less or greater than the center value. Secondly, a pressure interpolation is made to adjust the time weighted average of temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc. to the center pressure. The difference between mean pressure P and the center pressure of the interval Po + 1/2 delta P is used together with temperature and salinity gradient to adjust these properties to the center of the interval. A detailed description of the pressure averaging method is now. presented. As described earlier, the sensor time lag corrections are applied to the data prior to the pressure averaging so the pressure P(t), and conductivity C(t) values employed are lag corrected. delta t is the CTD instrument sampling interval which can vary with instrument set up. delta t = .128 sec for a standard Mark III B. delta P is the pressure averaging interval and the output pressure sampling interval. j–th refers to the j–th pressure interval Po is the starting pressure of the interval. m is the number of observations averaged in the pressure interval. The time averaged pressure P(1/2 m dela t) is computed while pressure lies between Po < P(t) < Po + delta p. m delta t P(1/2 m delta t) 1 sigma P(t) delta t = Pj --------- m delta t 0 P(1/2 m delta t) is the time averaged pressure position of the CTD sensors within the pressure interval Po+ 1/2 delta p. The lowering rate delta P/delta t must also be positive for data to be included in the above time average. This screens out data occurring during instrument reversals, when the CTD sensors are in the wake of the fish and lack of flushing of the conductivity cell make this measurement unreliable. Otherwise the previous value is substituted in order to preserve the time sequence. When delta P(k)/delta t < 0 then: P(k) = P(k-1) T(k) = T(k-1) C(k) = C(k-l) The temperature and conductivity are averaged over the pressure interval (delta P), also applying the lowering rate constraint. The temperature and conductivity averages are located at the time averaged instrument position. These averages are carried out on the raw uncalibrated observations, which are scaled to physical units after the average is formed but prior to the calculation of salinity. The output pressure averaged data file is stored in ASCII, in physical units of decibars, degrees celsius, and salinity on PPS78. Po + delta P Tj = T(Pj) = 1 sigma T(P(t)) delta t --------- m delta t Po Po + delta P Cj = C(Pj) = 1 sigma C(P(t)) delta t --------- m delta t Po #j = #(Pj) = m : number of observations in pressure bin beta P. The number of observations in each pressure average interval is carried along as a crude time base (m delta t) and also to allow the lowering rate delta P/delta t = delta P/m delta t to be calculated. Before computing salinity the conductivity in engineering units is adjusted for conductivity cell distortions with temperature alpha and pressure beta following Fofonoff, Hayes, and Millard (1973). Cj = Cj (1 + alpha{Tj-To)+beta(Pj - Po)} where alpha and beta for a Mark III CTD alumina conductivity cell are stored in the calibration f ile together with To and Po. alpha = -6.5 E-6 beta = 1.5 E-8 To = 2 4 C Po = 0 delta B Salinity is computed from the time averaged values of pressure, temperature and conductivity before these observations are interpolated to the center pressure described next. The temperature and conductivity averages T and C are located at the time averaged position within P , which is not necessarily the center of the pressure interval P.48P, and interpolation to the center pressure is performed to create a uniform pressure series. The gradients of temperature, salinity, and oxygen are estimated from neighboring pressure. intervals as follows. For temperature: Tj(Po + 1/2 delta P) = T(Pj)+[T(Pj-1)]-T(Pj+1)](Po+1/2 delta P-Pj)/(Pj-1 - Pj+1) For salinity: Sj(Po + 1/2 delta P) = S(Pj)+[S(Pj-1)]-S(Pj+1)](Po+1/2 delta P-Pj)/(Pj-1 - Pj+1) The oxygen sensor requires lag correction as described by Owens & Millard (1985). This lag correction of the oxygen current is done after the pressure averaging using the time information stored in the number of observations #j as follows. Oc = oxygen current with lag correction. Ocj = measured oxygen current. tauo = oxygen sensor lag approximately 5 - 8 seconds. Oc = Ocj + tauo(delta Oc/delta t) where the derivative of oxygen current is estimated as follows: delta 0c/delta t = [Ocj-1 - 0cj+l]/(1/2{#j-l + #j+1}+#j) It should be noted that adding the derivative of oxygen current with ro larger than unity causes resultant oxygen values to have a somewhat higher noise level. Lag corrected oxygen values are best smoothed over 10 to 15 decibars. This smoothing is currently not performed by the pressure averaging program. Oxygen is computed from oxygen current as follows from Owens and Millard (1985). Ox = Oc e–{tcor(Tj+W(Tj-otj)+pcor P} Oxsat (T,S) where Oc has been converted to physical units and lagged corrected as described before and Oxsat(T,S) is the oxygen saturation value after Weiss (1973). The coefficients tcor, pcor and W are membrane diffusion parameters which are stored along with tauo and other oxygen current bias and slope parameters in the calibration file. A fitting procedure for obtaining these oxygen parameters is discussed in Owens and Millard (1985). Typical values are: tcor = -.036 pcor = .00015 W = .75 tauo = 5 seconds June 4, 1988 How to handle gaps in pressure in the time series (.EDT) input data file. A gap is N beta P pressure intervals Po + NPo for which no input time series pressure values P(t) exist. Currently the program stops output pressure averaged data at a gap although it continues searching the input data. The logic of the pressure interpolation used to center up the time averaged pressure, temperature, conductivity etc. formed as described below can be extended to interpolate gaps in pressure as is shown under pressure centering logic on the next page. The time averaged pressure P(kmSt) is computed while pressure lies between Po < P(t) < Po + beta P m delta t P(1/2 m delta t) 1 sigma P(t) delta t = Pj --------- m delta t 0 P(1/2 m delta t) is the time averaged pressure position of the CTD sensors within the pressure interval Po + 1/2 beta P. The temperature and conductivity are averaged over the pressure interval (beta P), also applying the lowering rate constraint. The temperature and conductivity averages are located at the time averaged instrument position. These averages are carried out on the raw uncalibrated observations, which are scaled to physical units after the average is formed but prior to the calculation of salinity. The output pressure averaged data file is stored in ASCII in physical units of decibars, degrees celsius, and salinity on PPS78. Po + delta P Tj = T(Pj) = 1 sigma T(P(t)) delta t --------- m delta t Po Po + delta P Cj = C(Pj) = 1 sigma C(P(t)) delta t --------- m delta t Po #j = #(Pj) = m : number of observations in pressure bin beta P. Salinity is computed from the time averaged values of pressure, temperature and conductivity before these observations are interpolated to the center pressure described next. PRESSURE CENTERING LOGIC WITH EXTENSION TO GAPS The temperature and conductivity averages Tj and Cj are located at the time averaged position within Pj which is not necessarily the center of the pressure interval Po + 1/2 delta P, and interpolation to the center pressure is performed to create a uniform pressure series. The gradients of temperature an salinity, and oxygen are estimated from neighboring pressure intervals as follows. Pressure centering logic: For temperature: Tj(Po + 1/2 delta P) = T(Pj)+[T(Pj-1)-T(Pj+1)](Po+1/2 delta P-Pj)/(Pj-1 - Pj+1) For salinity: Sj(Po + 1/2 delta P) = S(Pj)+[S(Pj-1))-S(Pj+1)](Po+1/2 delta P-Pj)/(Pj-1 - Pj+1) EXTENSION TO HANDLE GAPS The logic used to interpolate to the center of the pressure interval Po + 1/2 delta P can be extended to include the interpolation over gaps in data as follows. Suppose the pressure interval Pj has just been calculated together with Tj, etc. A further test is inserted in the Basic code.in which the next input pressure value P(t) is compared with Po + N delta P where N=1,2,3 if P(t) > Po + N delta P where N > 2 then increment N by 1 and retest until test is not true. Next, form time averaged pressure, temperature, etc. for: Pj+n Tj+n Cj+n and compute salinity. Now we are ready to interpolate the last N missing pressure intervals for temperature, salinity, etc. using the pressure centering logic above. DATA QUALITY EVALUATIONS CTD DATA QUALITY EVALUATION: METEOR 11_5 (Robert Millard) May 6, 1993 Two data sources have been looked at in quality controlling the CTD data of this cruise. For the most part, I used the .HY2 combined water sample and CTD data file, and to a lesser degree the individual 2-decibar .WCT CTD data files. The cruise report has no information on laboratory and at sea calibrations performed on the CTD data set. Without this information there is no way to evaluate the quality of the CTD pressure and temperature. The method of matching the CTD to water sample data needs to be described. It would also be useful to have a reference on the data processing methodology (i.e. converting the time series CTD data to a uniform pressure series, edit procedures both data glitches and pressure reversals). No CTD oxygens were provided and therefore no assessment of CTD oxygens was performed. THE WATER SAMPLE DATA FROM THE .HY2 FILE The CTD and water sample salinity difference (CTD-WS) is calculated for all observation levels of the .HY2 file and they are plotted versus station in figure 1. Figure 1 shows several stations with salinity differences of .003-.004 psu (sta. 138, 149, & 154), These could be problems associated with water sample or CTD salinity, but no mention is made of this in the cruise report. A histogram of salinity differences is shown in figure 2 with a mean difference of -0.00027 psu and a standard deviation of .0038 psu. A plot of the salt differences versus pressure (figure 3) shows that the scatter decreases with depth, particularly below 800 decibars. The least squares linear fit shows that mean difference is slightly greater than zero (~0.0005 psu) above 2000 dbars but approaches zero at the bottom. A plot of the salt differences below 2000 decibars (figure 4) shows the smaller scatter as does the histogram for P > 2000 dbars of figure 5. Again, several stations (sta. 138, 149, 154 and perhaps 103) show salinity differences as noted earlier. The standard deviation below 2000 dbars is reduced to .0021 psu and the mean salt difference is -0.00015 psu. Generally the CTD salinity is very well matched to the bottle salinity and the deep water salinity difference scatter indicates high quality water sample salinity as well. Figure 6 is a potential temperature/salinity plot for pressures greater than 1700 dbars for stations 153, 154, & 155. The CTD salinity of station 154 seems anomalously low compared to both neighboring station data & water sample salts. The CTD conductivity (salinity) appears to be well matched to rosette water sample salinities for all but the few stations mentioned, and these could be water sample salt problems, except for station 154 which appears to have conductivity (salinity) miscalibrated. THE 2 DECIBAR CTD PROFILES FROM THE .WCT FILES A mean profile was created on pressure surfaces for all stations and then individual profiles compared to the mean profile in order to identify questionable data values. The mean profile was formed from all cruise data and has a larger than normal standard deviation because the station data transects a strong frontal zone, as indicated in a plot of the potential temperature below 2000 dbars (figure 7), which shows stations 120 - 156: a group of somewhat colder stations. Two edit criteria were used to flag questionable data: 1. Temperature and salinity variations whose difference from the mean profile exceeds 3.0 standard deviations (for all of the station data at that pressure level) or 2. density inversions where the stability parameter (E) exceeds -1.0 E-4 per meter. Nearly all of the questionable data in the table below involve a few unstable regions that slightly exceed the E min = -1.0 E-04 edit criteria. A summary list of stations with questionable data follows below: File name Pmax E_Tot T_err S_err 02_err E_err Sd fact E Min ------------ ---- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------- ----------- M101CO1.WCT; 60 4 0 4 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M102CO1.WCT; 92 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M103CO1.WCT; 3072 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M104CO1.WCT; 4442 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M104CO4.WCT; 4004 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M105CO1.WCT; 3786 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M106CO1.WCT; 3888 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M107CO2.WCT; 3858 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M108CO1.WCT; 3670 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M109CO1.WCT; 3742 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M110CO1.WCT; 3854 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M111CO1.WCT; 4028 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M112CO2.WCT; 3888 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M113CO1.WCT; 4020 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M114CO1.WCT; 3600 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M115CO1.WCT; 4118 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M116CO1.WCT; 4074 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M117CO1.WCT; 2056 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M119CO2.WCT; 3960 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M120CO1.WCT; 3650 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M121CO1.WCT; 2158 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M122CO1.WCT; 3926 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M123CO1.WCT; 3736 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M124CO2.WCT; 4174 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M12SCO1.WCT; 3048 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M126CO1.WCT; 3476 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M127CO1.WCT; 2724 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M128CO1.WCT; 3360 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M129CO2.WCT; 4302 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M130CO1.WCT; 4478 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M131CO2.WCT; 5164 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M132CO1.WCT; 2496 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M133CO1.WCT; 3396 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 File name Pmax E_Tot T_err S_err 02_err E_err Sd fact E Min ------------ ---- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------- ----------- M134CO2.WCT; 5494 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M135CO1.WCT; 5714 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M136CO1.WCT; 4832 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M137CO1.WCT; 4624 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M138CO1.WCT; 4966 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M139CO1.WCT; 4554 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M140CO1.WCT; 3244 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M141CO1.WCT; 4440 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M142CO1.WCT; 4284 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M143CO1.WCT; 4798 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M144CO1.WCT; 3964 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M145CO1.WCT; 3756 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M146CO1.WCT; 4200 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M147CO1.WCT; 4156 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M148CO1.WCT; 4464 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M149CO1.WCT; 4804 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M150CO1.WCT; 4208 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M151CO1.WCT; 3826 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M152CO1.WCT; 4216 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M153CO2.WCT; 4188 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M154CO1.WCT; 4528 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M156CO1.WCT; 2856 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M157CO1.WCT; 3086 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M158CO1.WCT; 3158 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M159CO1.WCT; 2882 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M160CO1.WCT; 3592 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M161CO1.WCT; 3026 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M162CO1.WCT; 794 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M162CO3.WCT; 4326 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M163CO1.WCT; 4100 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M164CO1.WCT; 4134 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M165CO2.WCT; 4430 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M166CO1.WCT; 1412 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M166CO3.WCT; 4616 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M167CO2.WCT; 4608 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M168CO2.WCT; 3848 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M169CO2.WCT; 4588 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M170C02.WCT; 4506 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M171CO2.WCT; 4810 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M172CO1.WCT; 1210 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M172CO3.WCT; 5150 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M173CO2.WCT; 4838 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M174CO2.WCT; 5144 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M175CO2.WCT; 5058 113 50 63 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M176CO2.WCT; 4914 505 480 234 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M177CO1.WCT; 706 1 0 0 0 1 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M177CO2.WCT; 4584 1 1 1 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M178CO1.WCT; 904 0 0 0 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M178CO2.WCT; 3926 60 0 60 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 M179CO1.WCT; 1784 47 0 47 0 0 3.00 -0.1000E-04 Only a few questionable data were located, and nearly all were in temperature and salinity and occurred at the extremes of the survey region (stations 1, 176, 176, 178 and 179), which contains a strong frontal zone at all depths. The flagged observations just exceed the 3 standard deviation edit criteria and most likely indicate the extreme variability of survey region (see figure 7) rather than questionable data. Overall, the CTD data of Meteor cruise 11 leg 5, in both the water sample file and CTD data files, appear to be of good quality, both with respect to calibration of salinity and removal of erroneous data. A report addressing the laboratory calibration of pressure and temperature, together with a statement of the accuracy of these data, are necessary in order to complete the CTD data assessment. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA QUALITY EVALUATION (Arnold Mantyla) 23 APR 1991 Meteor cruise 11/15 did not meet WOCE standards because of rather sparse sampling in the vertical; the majority of the stations had 23 or fewer discrete depth observations. Thirty- six bottles were tripped on the latter part of the cruise, but those stations did not sample 36 different depths because of duplicate sampling in the mixed layer and other wasted sampling at the same depths on both casts. There were some obvious erroneous CTD pressure and temperature trip data assigned to the bottle data. Without access to a hard copy of the deck log with tabulations of intended sampling depths, that data could not be corrected. There is no quality code to indicate mis-assigned CTD information, so I've flagged all of the data for those depths as questionable. Actually, the water sample data is probably OK, we just don't know where they came from. The questionable stations are 166, 170, 174 and 178. The nutrient data apparently had not been looked over very carefully. There were samples that were analyzed but not listed with the stations, chart read errors, key entry errors and calibration errors. Those have all been corrected by the Data Facility and the enclosed diskette now has the corrected data. The stations that have changed nutrients are: 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 132, 134, 139, 140, 141, 152, 153 and 174. The old AAII was showing its age with response shifts in the middle of a station set of samples, particularly for phosphate. Silicate showed the typical sensitivity to ambient temperature change with standard solutions varying in response by about 5% per degree Celsius temperature change. The nitrate cadmium reduction columns had varying efficiency of several per cent during a station run, a rather common occurrence when immidazol is used as a buffer. All in all, the nutrient data are nowhere near the WOCE standards for precision and accuracy. They are however, comparable to historical nutrient data (GEOSECS and AJAX expeditions). The WOCE standards may be too optimistic. Many oxygens were left out of station 162 because of a mix-up in oxygen flasks and stoppers. Mismatched stoppers cause a slight volume error with subsequent concentration errors. ODF can salvage that data by recalibrating those flasks with the flask/stopper combinations used on station 162. Since there are no other modern stations near station 162, the oxygen data should be recovered. The salinity agreement with the processed CTD salinities were generally quite good, most +0.001 PSU. I noticed that in ODF's comments, the bottle salinometer salinities were changed by .005 "to agree with the CTD" on one station. That seems contrary to the WOCE goals of reporting all measured data, but I've let it pass without comment. If the correct trip levels are identified for sta. 166, 1 believe that the CTD salinities will need adjustment by about 0.005 lower. Should add to the permanent records for this cruise that SSW batch P111 was used for stations 102-129 and P112 for stations 130-179. Salts were not run from every bottle tripped. They should be, because comparison of the bottle salinity with the CTD is the most sensitive verification of the rosette bottle performance. Many pycnocline salinities have been omitted by the data originators, apparently because of disagreement with the CTD. The original values should be retained with the appropriate quality flags. The fact that salinities are often deleted in high gradient regions is a clue that the console operators may have tripped the bottle too quickly, before the Niskin bottle had sufficient time to flush long enough to collect a sample representative of the depth. When that occurs, the salinity error is in the direction of salinities deeper in the water column, rather than in the direction expected from the rosette bottle placement above the CTD sensors. If that is the case, then all of the analyses are somewhat non-representative of the depth and the information is of importance to the user of the water sample data. The CTD 02 data were either not taken or not processed. WOCE should encourage the reporting of CTD-02 data. Some questionable bottle oxygen data could have been resolved if the CTD-02 had been available. Station 172, cast 3, bottle 6 had no water sample data, though an oxygen was listed there, but no 02 was listed for bottle 5. ODF believes, and I concur based on comparisons with adjacent stations, that the 02 belongs to bottle 5; so the 02 has been moved to bottle 5 from bottle 6. Bottle 6 malfunctioned often on the cruise, resulting in data gaps. Such obviously bad samplers should be replaced early in the cruise so as to avoid loss of so much data. I am also enclosing a copy of my handwritten point check notes. I have not put them on electronic media because I feel freer to make my comments more candid if they are not likely to be widely distributed. My proximity to ODF, just across the street, made some of the original data sheets for the Meteor cruise accessible so that some of the problems uncovered in this DQE exercise could be corrected. Many of the problems that show up in final data evaluations are easily corrected if one has access to the original data and computations. Without access to the original data, about all a DQE can do is pass judgement on whether the data seems to be OK, or seems to be questionable. Getting feedback from data originators in remote locations is not working. I've given up on trying to get the CTD trip problems resolved from Germany, so I'm sending the Meteor data back to you with known problems unresolved (but flagged). INPUT FILE: METEOR.AWM Mantyla THE DATE TODAY IS: 25-APR-91 STN CAST SAMP NBR NO NO CTDPRS SALNTY OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 102 1 5 36.5 1.42 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 105 1 3 3247.4 34.7230 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 105 1 1 3755.2 216.9 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 106 1 17 2250.7 2.36 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 18 2499.5 2.44 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 19 2749.4 2.43 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 20 2999.0 2.37 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 21 3249.6 2.40 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 22 3449.1 2.41 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 106 1 23 3882.8 2.38 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 14 691.4 2.24 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 13 842.9 2.35 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 12 1040.5 2.29 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 11 1240.9 2.21 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 10 1492.6 2.12 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 9 1741.3 2.14 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 8 1993.9 2.10 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 7 2245.5 2.23 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 6 2496.0 2.22 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 5 2746.4 2.17 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 4 2997.0 2.11 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 3 3198.7 2.06 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 2 3398.8 2.11 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 109 1 1 3734.5 2.00 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 110 1 14 843.4 34.5460 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 110 1 12 1242.5 2.36 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 110 1 11 1493.4 2.30 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 110 1 10 1743.1 2.27 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 113 1 14 1492.2 197.8 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 117 1 18 7.4 351.1 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 117 1 2 1947.2 2.38 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 121 1 1 2419.9 188.6 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ STN CAST SAMP NBR NO NO CTDPRS SALNTY OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 123 1 9 2200.7 229.6 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 123 1 1 3704.8 2.39 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 128 1 7 2244.7 34.6660 227.9 125.88 222~~~ 333~~~ 133 1 16 489.9 34.6760 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 138 1 5 3798.6 155.51 ~~2~~~ ~~3~~~ 141 1 6 3100.9 234.9 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 149 1 4 4208.2 34.6440 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 149 1 3 4510.8 34.6410 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 150 1 5 3298.0 251.0 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 151 1 6 2750.4 241.6 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 153 2 23 52.6 33.8400 2~~~~~ 3~~~~~ 156 1 21 9.7 1.83 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 20 37.0 1.85 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 19 75.7 1.86 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 18 124.7 2.11 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 17 194.8 2.42 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 15 344.4 2.42 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 14 413.2 2.34 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 13 491.5 2.36 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 12 591.4 2.29 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 11 692.2 2.19 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 10 841.2 2.11 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 9 1059.7 2.16 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 8 1241.2 2.26 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 7 1491.5 2.15 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 6 1744.9 2.11 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 5 1993.3 2.30 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 4 2245.1 2.28 ~~~~~3 ~~~~~2 156 1 3 2495.1 2.24 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 2 2747.6 2.40 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 156 1 1 2858.1 2.13 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 160 1 13 992.0 191.6 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ STN CAST SAMP NBR NO NO CTDPRS SALNTY OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 161 1 18 316.7 34.1210 270.9 21.81 28.36 0.04 1.98 222222 333333 161 1 3 2700.8 203.9 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~ 162 3 22 298.7 34.1050 275.0 18.31 28.13 0.05 1.94 222222 333333 163 1 4 3503.4 34.7090 205.7 96.49 30.94 0.00 2.14 222222 333333 164 2 21 196.5 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 20 196.7 0.01 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 19 398.3 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 17 398.4 0.03 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 15 795.8 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 13 1188.0 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 11 1599.1 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 9 2000.0 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 7 2398.0 0.01 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 5 2799.4 0.03 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 3 3197.8 0.02 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 2 1 3968.4 0.11 ~~~~2~ ~~~~3~ 164 1 1 4123.8 218.4 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~ 165 2 10 2802.1 34.7930 215.1 77.37 28.39 0.00 1.94 222222 333333 165 2 7 3402.3 34.7480 212.5 100.26 30.79 0.00 2.11 222222 333333 166 3 11 2599.0 34.7880 208.7 76.00 28.42 0.00 2.00 222222 333333 166 3 10 2799.3 34.7900 212.3 80.13 28.45 0.00 2.01 222222 333333 166 3 9 3000.2 34.7850 213.6 83.51 28.60 0.00 2.02 222222 333333 166 3 8 3251.6 34.7740 213.3 89.67 29.16 0.00 2.05 222222 333333 166 3 7 3506.1 34.7590 214.3 97.10 29.71 0.00 2.11 222222 333333 166 3 6 3754.5 34.7430 214.6 105.08 30.52 0.00 2.17 222222 333333 166 3 5 4004.5 34.7280 214.8 112.84 31.24 0.00 2.21 222222 333333 166 3 4 4254.8 34.7170 214.9 117.80 31.62 0.00 2.26 222222 333333 166 3 3 4508.1 34.7070 215.3 123.56 32.12 0.00 2.29 222222 333333 166 3 2 4612.8 34.6970 216.9 128.04 32.36 0.00 2.30 222222 333333 167 2 23 128.1 0.90 ~~~~~2 ~~~~~3 169 2 22 271.4 266.4 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~~ 170 2 13 2052.5 34.7420 196.7 67.12 30.46 0.00 2.05 222222 333333 174 2 5 4489.1 34.7520 222.9 104.40 30.15 0.00 2.01 222222 333333 175 2 15 1796.7 202.5 ~2~~~~ ~3~~~ 178 2 16 1116.9 34.5460 177.8 64.61 33.53 0.00 2.31 222222 333333 NUTRIENT AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN QC NOTES; METEOR 11/5 (J.C. Jennings) July 12, 1991 The METEOR 11/5 nutrient and dissolved oxygen data appears overall to be of high quality with much of the variability in nutrient/theta and oxygen/theta relationships due to real oceanographic features encountered during the cruise. The cruise track crosses the Polar Frontal Zone in the Drake Passage enters the northwestern Weddell Gyre near the South Orkney Islands, then proceeds generally eastward to the Greenwich Meridian, thence northeast to Capetown. Because the fronts separating the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Scotia Sea from the Weddell Gyre are not at fixed latitudes, sequential stations along the main easterly track exhibit considerable variability in the Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) water masses which is probably real and caused by eddies and multiple frontal crossings. On the northeasterly track from the Greenwich Meridian to Capetown, the Polar and Subantarctic fronts are crossed. The transition region from the eastward flowing ACC into the Agulhas retroflection area near the end of the cruise track is marked by numerous shallow property extrema which have been deemed "acceptable" because they correlate with features present in theta/salinity plots. In carrying out the QC checking of these data, I used several versions of the "WHPEDIT.EXE" and "Q2EDIT.EXE" programs. The final version with QUALT2 bytes changed was produced by the Q2EDIT.EXE program and "Q2CHANGE.EXE". Each station was compared in groups of 2-10 sequential stations for consistency in variable/theta and variable/pressure relationships. In many cases, nutrient/oxygen and nutrient/salinity relationships were also examined. Where data have been flagged as "questionable", the intent is to suggest that it be reexamined by the originator and used judiciously. This is often the case where a single station's values lie just outside of the "envelope" of values for a group of stations. For example, the deep phosphate at station 139 appeared high and was flagged as questionable as was the deep silicate at station 110. Some individual data points were clearly out of the expected range and will probably be rejected in the final data report. Examples are the low silicate at 3503db in station 163 and the unusually high silicate value at 3798.6db in station 138. In editing the nitrite data, I relied primarily on nitrite vs. pressure plots. Most of the nitrite data appears to be excellent with only a few anomalous deep water values. While deep water nitrite concentrations are usually near zero, in my experience the random noise in the nitrite analysis is often 0.01-0.02 ~mole/kg, so I have deliberately not flagged deep water nitrite values of less than 0.03~M/kg as questionable. The most difficult of the nutrients to evaluate was nitrate. The range of nitrate values at the same potential temperature was often 1.5 to 2.0 ~M/kg within a grouping of 4 to 10 stations. This is about twice as much variability as I have observed in recent Weddell Sea nitrate data. When comparing nitrate/theta relationships for stations from 122-140, there are split envelopes. These may arise from genuine variability of the kind observed by Whitworth and Nowlin (1987) in the AJAX nitrate data, but I was unable to find covarying phosphate and oxygen relationships in these same stations. The variability in the AJAX data was largely restricted to the WDW, but in this METEOR data set, the split envelopes persist throughout the water column in some cases. Station 124 and 125 have higher nitrate values in the WDW that are found at station 123, but all are similar in the AABW and Weddell Sea Bottom Water. Stations 126 and 127 have lower nitrate values throughout the water column. The 130 series stations also separate into two distinct nitrate/theta envelopes, but the 140 series stations are more consistent and have a tighter envelope. I have not flagged all of these stations as questionable, but I would urge that the nitrate data be carefully compared with historic nitrate data from this area and that cruise logbooks be examined for any suggestions of analytical problems before interpreting this nitrate variability as oceanographically significant. In the data for station 158, there are 11-911 values for theta for three of the deep water rosette bottles so these samples could not be compared in the variable/theta plots. References: Whitworth, T.,III, and W. D. Nowlin, Jr. Water Masses and Currents of the Southern Ocean at the Greenwich Meridian. JGR 92(C6) 6462-64760, 1987. STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 102 1 2 92.2 291.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 103 1 10 1801.0 35.48 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 104 1 20 292.7 284.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 104 1 19 391.8 296.6 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 104 1 11 1743.4 174.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 105 1 19 181.2 295.5 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 105 1 18 274.0 299.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 105 1 16 490.7 249.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 105 1 13 837.8 2.42 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 12 1039.4 2.51 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 11 1240.3 2.54 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 10 1501.3 2.50 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 9 1742.5 2.42 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 8 2015.7 34.36 2.47 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 105 1 7 2249.9 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 6 2497.1 2.47 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 5 2748.3 2.31 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 4 3002.2 2.31 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 3 3247.4 2.32 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 2 3500.2 2.37 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 105 1 1 3755.2 216.9 2.43 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 7 399.7 290.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 106 1 8 499.5 270.6 0.05 2~~2~ 3~~3~ 106 1 9 600.8 251.7 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 106 1 10 701.1 2.41 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 11 850.3 2.45 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 12 1049.7 2.45 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 13 1250.4 2.41 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 14 1499.8 2.43 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 15 1748.6 2.37 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 16 1999.9 189.7 2.31 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 17 2250.7 195.3 2.36 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 18 2499.5 2.44 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 19 2749.4 201.5 2.43 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 20 2999.0 205.2 2.37 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 21 3249.6 208.5 2.40 2~~~2 3~~~3 106 1 22 3449.1 2.41 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 106 1 23 3882.8 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 107 2 7 2258.8 32.16 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 107 2 6 2502.8 31.96 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 107 2 5 2750.5 31.86 2.17 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 107 2 4 2999.3 31.86 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 107 2 3 3300.2 32.06 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 107 2 2 3599.6 32.16 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 107 2 1 3855.2 32.35 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 9 1744.2 32.06 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 8 1994.4 32.13 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 6 2497.2 32.59 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 5 2745.6 31.96 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 4 2998.4 32.24 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 108 1 3 3248.1 32.39 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 109 1 11 1240.9 2.21 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 10 1492.6 2.12 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 9 1741.3 2.14 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 8 1993.9 2.10 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 5 2746.4 2.17 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 4 2997.0 2.11 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 3 3198.7 2.06 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 2 3398.8 2.11 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 109 1 1 3734.5 2.00 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 110 1 19 355.9 288.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 110 1 18 414.6 288.3 0.04 2~~2~ 3~~3~ 110 1 15 693.7 74.69 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 14 843.4 83.34 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 13 1042.8 91.21 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 12 1242.5 95.30 2.36 ~2~~2 ~3~~3 110 1 11 1493.4 97.34 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 10 1743.1 102.00 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 9 1994.5 108.90 2.16 ~2~~2 ~3~~3 110 1 8 2245.2 111.78 2.17 ~2~~2 ~3~~3 110 1 7 2497.0 116.58 2.18 ~2~~2 ~3~~3 110 1 6 2746.4 121.32 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 5 2997.9 125.02 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 4 3249.6 129.97 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 110 1 3 3494.2 132.29 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 113 1 14 1492.2 197.8 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 115 1 2 3905.3 139.84 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 115 1 1 4107.3 141.37 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 117 1 3 1742.3 2.28 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 117 1 2 1947.2 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 119 2 5 2997.8 132.29 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 119 2 4 3197.3 134.42 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 119 2 3 3400.8 136.56 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 119 2 2 3500.1 136.38 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 119 2 1 3601.9 136.97 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 122 1 21 196.5 34.56 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 122 1 20 276.1 249.8 34.18 0.25 2~22~ 3~33~ 122 1 12 1242.8 32.75 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 123 1 6 2781.9 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 123 1 1 3704.8 2.39 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 17 595.4 35.09 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 124 2 9 2244.5 2.26 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 5 3247.1 2.23 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 4 3501.1 2.22 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 3 3798.2 2.23 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 2 4101.0 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 124 2 1 4166.4 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 125 1 14 689.8 34.21 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 125 1 13 841.8 34.60 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 125 1 5 2224.2 2.28 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 125 1 4 2495.8 2.31 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 126 1 1 3455.9 2.29 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 127 1 15 362.1 104.88 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 127 1 3 2447.5 2.25 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 127 1 2 2647.8 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 127 1 1 2718.1 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 128 1 8 1996.7 120.74 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 130 1 13 1501.1 129.06 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 131 2 21 242.3 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 131 2 20 357.1 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 131 2 19 491.4 2.39 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 131 2 18 591.5 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 131 2 17 740.2 2.38 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 131 2 11 2497.0 132.25 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 132 1 1 2483.8 234.6 2.38 2~~~2 3~~~3 134 2 10 2998.0 2.32 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 134 2 6 4200.7 2.28 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 134 2 5 4500.6 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 134 2 4 4810.6 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 134 2 3 5102.0 2.29 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 134 2 2 5327.3 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 134 2 1 5496.7 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 135 1 12 1743.4 212.5 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 135 1 11 1993.0 216.6 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 135 1 10 2405.9 218.4 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 135 1 9 2811.7 237.4 127.55 22~~~ 33~~~ 136 1 6 3201.4 33.02 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 138 1 15 839.9 114.16 0.03 ~2~2~ ~3~3~ 138 1 5 3798.6 155.51 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 139 1 24 10.7 1.37 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 23 81.9 1.83 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 21 235.8 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 20 317.7 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 19 414.8 2.33 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 18 494.3 2.33 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 17 596.9 2.32 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 16 696.2 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 15 852.0 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 14 1051.6 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 13 1248.9 33.89 2.38 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 12 1499.4 34.03 2.39 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 11 1805.1 2.39 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 10 2098.0 2.39 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 9 2407.1 2.40 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 139 1 8 2701.4 34.03 2.39 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 7 3008.3 34.07 2.39 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 6 3306.9 33.98 2.40 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 5 3603.5 33.94 2.39 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 4 3910.0 33.89 2.38 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 3 4208.2 33.80 2.34 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 2 4391.3 33.75 2.34 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 139 1 1 4537.7 2.33 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 140 2 11 3604.4 128.04 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 140 2 8 4611.4 2.32 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 140 2 6 5102.7 2.26 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 140 2 5 5218.4 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 143 1 17 495.2 32.18 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 16 594.3 32.48 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 15 693.6 32.56 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 14 842.4 32.77 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 143 1 13 1044.5 33.06 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 11 1753.8 33.18 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 10 1990.5 33.04 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 9 2299.8 32.99 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 8 2594.8 32.80 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 7 2896.6 32.71 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 6 3196.1 32.70 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 143 1 5 3595.8 32.73 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 145 1 18 423.2 217.4 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 145 1 8 2258.8 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 7 2502.8 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 6 2754.5 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 5 3010.8 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 4 3262.2 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 3 3514.5 2.32 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 2 3712.0 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 145 1 1 3742.5 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 9 2246.7 33.20 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 146 1 8 2501.1 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 7 2750.1 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 6 2999.4 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 5 3244.7 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 4 3512.6 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 3 3808.6 2.35 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 146 1 2 4067.4 32.86 2.34 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 146 1 1 4190.5 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 147 1 14 1054.6 128.79 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 13 1254.3 130.42 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 12 1511.9 128.80 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 11 1757.2 129.69 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 10 2010.3 129.07 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 9 2257.7 127.95 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 8 2508.0 127.09 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 7 2759.7 127.72 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 147 1 5 3259.9 126.11 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 149 1 20 197.8 210.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 150 1 15 591.6 116.85 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 150 1 5 3298.0 251.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 152 1 10 1998.4 2.28 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 152 1 3 3944.7 2.22 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 153 2 10 2099.7 218.0 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 153 2 9 2404.2 221.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 153 2 8 2703.3 231.4 133.32 22~~~ 33~~~ 153 2 7 3001.4 133.13 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 153 2 3 3894.2 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 21 9.7 1.83 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 20 37.0 1.85 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 19 75.7 1.86 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 18 124.7 2.11 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 17 194.8 2.42 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 15 344.4 2.42 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 14 413.2 2.34 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 13 491.5 2.36 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 12 591.4 2.29 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 11 692.2 2.19 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 10 841.2 2.11 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 9 1059.7 2.16 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 8 1241.2 2.26 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 7 1491.5 2.15 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 6 1744.9 2.11 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 5 1993.3 2.30 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 4 2245.1 2.28 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 3 2495.1 2.24 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 2 2747.6 2.40 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 156 1 1 2858.1 2.13 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 161 1 3 2700.8 203.9 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 162 3 22 298.7 18.31 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 162 3 20 793.6 35.71 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 1 1 816.5 35.56 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 19 946.2 36.05 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 18 1098.0 35.47 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 17 1246.4 35.18 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 14 1798.0 30.88 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 13 1998.0 30.49 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 12 2198.9 30.32 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 11 2399.2 30.65 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 162 3 10 2599.5 31.30 2.17 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 9 2800.7 31.90 2.21 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 8 3002.5 32.37 2.24 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 7 3202.3 32.79 2.28 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 162 3 6 3402.7 33.08 2.30 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 5 3601.4 33.32 2.32 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 4 3801.4 33.65 2.34 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 3 4006.6 34.08 2.38 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 2 4202.5 34.23 2.40 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 162 3 1 4342.8 34.66 2.42 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 163 1 4 3503.4 205.7 96.49 30.94 222~~ 333~~ 163 1 3 3755.2 31.77 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 164 2 5 2799.4 0.03 ~~~2~ ~~~3~ 164 2 3 3197.8 30.41 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 164 2 1 3968.4 0.11 ~~~2~ ~~~3~ 164 1 1 4123.8 218.4 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 165 2 10 2802.1 77.37 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 165 2 7 3402.3 100.26 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 167 2 23 128.1 0.90 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 167 1 9 129.9 1.02 ~~~~2 ~~~~3 170 1 8 210.1 235.5 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 170 1 4 421.2 24.16 1.69 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 170 1 3 501.8 24.26 1.69 ~~2~2 ~~3~3 170 2 17 1181.7 34.59 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 16 1331.5 34.64 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 15 1383.8 34.57 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 14 1484.8 34.16 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 12 2086.6 29.32 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 11 2287.8 28.00 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 10 2493.7 27.33 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 9 2743.7 26.62 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 8 3002.8 27.20 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 7 3246.8 28.51 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 6 3503.5 30.04 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 5 3753.1 31.18 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 4 4002.4 31.86 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 3 4205.2 32.22 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 2 4405.6 32.46 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 170 2 1 4506.1 32.57 ~~2~~ ~~3~~ 171 1 6 299.4 234.9 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 172 1 6 380.2 254.0 6.55 22~~~ 33~~~ 174 1 4 500.2 231.5 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 175 1 10 90.4 8.93 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 175 1 2 601.7 234.8 2~~~~ 3~~~~ STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS OXYGEN SILCAT NITRAT NITRIT PHSPHT QUALT1 QUALT2 ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** 175 1 1 714.7 201.3 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 175 2 15 1796.7 202.5 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 175 2 7 3750.1 229.9 2~~~~ 3~~~~ 179 1 17 242.3 19.12 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 179 1 16 298.2 27.55 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ 179 1 15 366.8 25.48 ~2~~~ ~3~~~ INPUT FILE: METEOR.LIG L Gordon/J Jennings THE DATE TODAY IS: 16-JUL-91 CFC DATA QUALILTY EVALUATION (R. Van Woy) 1991 July 24 I have completed a preliminary flagging of the Roether Meteor data. Since the PI has not supplied the additional information that I requested on 1 Mar 1991, 1 am not satisfied with my flag determinations. I wish to reserve the right to change them when the necessary data and plots are given me, to allow a proper job of quality control. Following is a list of additional information that I will need to continue the quality control of the CFC measurements from the Meteor cruise. I am most worried about the possibility of the CFC's being low due to the problem described in the comments to the data report submitted to the WOCE WHP. A plot of the surface partial pressures indicate that both CFCs, and especially CFC12, are unrealistically undersaturated in the surface (the oxygen is near saturation). This problem appears to continue to station 161 when water went past the stripping volume and the calibration curves changed. I hope that it is just a calibration problem rather than a equipment problem that would prevent the data from being recovered easily. ADDITIONAL NEEDS FROM METEOR GROUP: 1. Air data to use for saturation calculations. 2. Blank corrections applied. 3. Stripping efficiency determination. 4. Calibration curves data and plots. 5. Observers quality control flags in WOCE format. 6. Trapping experiment results to show no loss of either CFC by bleedthrough. 7. Sample chromatograms especially for surface waters where a problem is indicated for CFC12. 8. Reasoning and or repair history of problem that caused CFC's to be partially lost for stations 122-139 since data indicates problem continues after station 139. 9. The remaining contour plots. 10. A list of any replicate samples if only mean values given. I wish to reserve the right to change them, when the necessary data and plots are given me, to allow a proper job of quality control. The problem with the M 11/5 data is not unusual. An immediate solution would have been either an adjustment of the precolumn backflushing timing sequence, with a corresponding experiment to show that no CFC11 is being lost, or an adjustment in the analysis timing to allow the baseline to return to normal before injecting the next sample. As far as recovering what data is available, it will be necessary to go through all the chromatograms and flag which CFC12 peaks were integrated or a peak from the previous sample. Samples run after blanks, airs, standards, or the first water of a series should be free of this problem. I must assume that the samples were run in somewhat of a random order such that some surface samples are run after deeper samples. Also, if replicate samples were drawn from the surface bottles, then should be some of these that were integrated without the interference peak that might allow you to estimate the error caused by the late eluting peak. Comparing the CFC12 peaks that were flagged good to the integration-problem-flagged peaks should allow a correction factor to be determined. Of course these data will need to be flagged as such. I have just sent my preliminary flag determinations to the WOCE office, but I really need the additional information requested earlier for proper quality control. N.B. On 29 SEP 1993 C. Correy noted that problems with these CFC data had not been addressed by the PI. On 10 MAR 1999 B Klein resubmitted CFC data with the following documentation: From: Birgit Klein Cruise M11/5: Expocode 06MT11/5 CFCs are measured directly on the ship using a electron capture Detector (ECD) packed column gas chromatograph. The column was filled with Porasil C and Porapak T. Only f11 and f12 have been measured during the cruise. Part of the original documentation as been lost, information on system blanks and air measurements is unfortunately not available. The original measurements have been recorded on the sio86 scale and have latter been converted to sio93. Contamination problems and calibration problems are reflected in the relatively high errors. Quality flag for CFCs follow woce standards: 2 good measurement 3 questionable measurement 4 bad measurement 5 not reported 6 replicate sample 9 no sample drawn errors: sta. f11 f12 102-117 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 118-161 3% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 166-179 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg 2% or 0.01 pmol/kg INPUT FILE: METEOR.RVW THE DATE TODAY IS: 15-AUG-91 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 102 1 17 10 3.6412 1.4098 22 34 102 1 6 25.5 3.5808 1.3578 22 34 102 1 7 25.5 1.4238 ~2 ~4 102 1 8 25.5 3.6218 1.3702 22 34 102 1 10 25.5 3.6418 1.3931 22 34 102 1 11 25.5 1.3997 ~2 ~4 102 1 12 25.5 3.6636 2~ 3~ 102 1 13 25.5 3.6939 1.3908 22 34 102 1 14 25.5 3.6305 1.3852 22 34 102 1 15 25.5 3.6547 1.3643 22 34 102 1 5 36.5 3.734 1.3971 22 34 102 1 4 56.2 3.7772 1.7648 22 33 102 1 3 75.1 3.8381 1.4408 22 34 102 1 2 92.2 4.2238 2.0567 22 33 103 1 12 1398 0.242 0.1207 22 33 103 1 10 1801 0.0292 0.0224 22 33 103 1 8 2249.7 0.0264 ~2 ~3 103 1 3 3067.3 0.0135 ~2 ~3 104 1 16 692.2 1.513 ~2 ~4 104 1 15 841.8 0.772 ~2 ~4 104 1 13 1242.5 0.1071 ~2 ~3 104 1 12 1493.7 0.0946 ~2 ~3 104 1 9 2292.1 0.0516 2~ 3~ 104 1 8 2597.3 0.0189 ~2 ~3 105 1 5 2748.3 0.0159 ~2 ~3 105 1 4 3002.2 0.0121 ~2 ~3 105 1 1 3755.2 0.0126 ~2 ~3 106 1 14 1499.8 0.0275 ~2 ~3 106 1 21 3249.6 0.0154 ~2 ~3 107 2 21 157.2 4.3086 2~ 3~ 107 2 19 261.1 4.233 2.2469 22 34 107 2 18 321.6 4.463 2.4052 22 34 107 2 12 1050.9 0.1365 ~2 ~3 108 1 19 243.3 1.9326 ~2 ~3 108 1 9 1744.2 0.0154 ~2 ~3 108 1 2 3498.8 0.014 ~2 ~3 109 1 4 2997 0.0143 ~2 ~3 109 1 3 3198.7 0.0138 ~2 ~3 109 1 1 3734.5 0.0127 ~2 ~3 110 1 23 46.8 5.2285 2~ 3~ 110 1 1 3852.6 0.0203 0.0225 22 33 112 2 23 64.5 6.0164 2~ 3~ 112 2 22 124.2 6.0363 2~ 3~ 112 2 21 171.6 6.0044 2~ 3~ 112 2 19 292.9 2.8475 1.3704 22 33 113 1 2 65.6 7.5009 3.7225 22 34 113 1 3 114.4 6.9463 2.7996 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 114 1 21 74.9 6.869 2~ 3~ 114 1 20 116.5 6.3054 2~ 3~ 114 1 17 259.7 1.6854 2~ 3~ 114 1 18 259.7 1.657 2~ 3~ 114 1 9 1751.2 0.0125 ~2 ~3 114 1 5 2701.7 0.0107 ~2 ~3 114 1 4 2900.5 0.0216 ~2 ~3 114 1 3 3104.8 0.0191 ~2 ~3 114 1 2 3303.4 0.0266 ~2 ~3 114 1 1 3589.4 0.036 ~2 ~3 116 2 24 7.1 5.945 2~ 3~ 116 2 23 61.1 6.1689 2~ 3~ 116 2 15 836.4 0.021 0.0174 22 33 117 1 19 7.3 5.9731 2.505 22 33 117 1 18 7.4 5.9666 2.5696 22 33 117 1 17 34.8 6.2608 2~ 3~ 118 1 13 42.4 6.6274 2~ 3~ 118 1 12 112.1 6.4431 2~ 3~ 118 1 5 491 0.2416 0.1126 22 33 118 1 6 491 0.2513 0.108 22 33 118 1 7 491 0.3699 0.1676 22 33 118 1 2 594.2 0.1225 ~2 ~3 118 1 21 842.9 0.096 0.055 22 33 118 1 20 1048.4 0.0587 0.0432 22 33 119 2 21 1096.4 0.0648 0.0182 22 33 120 1 8 3000.7 -0.014 ~2 ~3 121 1 24 11.4 3.9962 2~ 3~ 121 1 21 295.5 2.376 0.7374 22 33 121 1 18 593.4 1.7487 0.6101 22 33 121 1 17 693 1.0867 0.2871 22 34 121 1 15 1039.7 0.2912 0.0913 22 33 121 1 14 1242 0.1775 0.0669 22 33 121 1 12 1743.2 0.1422 0.0502 22 33 121 1 9 2247.5 0.0381 0.0749 22 34 122 1 23 11.2 5.6248 2.3937 22 33 122 1 22 100.7 4.2078 1.7512 22 33 122 1 21 196.5 2.1411 1.1461 22 33 122 1 20 276.1 2.7645 1.2764 22 33 122 1 19 353.6 0.5437 0.2337 22 33 122 1 18 425.1 0.1653 0.0663 22 33 122 1 17 503 0.1359 0.0659 22 33 122 1 16 592.7 0.1846 0.0798 22 33 122 1 15 692.7 0.3814 0.1477 22 33 122 1 14 842.3 0.7236 0.2933 22 33 122 1 13 1041.9 0.3366 0.1171 22 33 122 1 12 1242.8 0.268 0.085 22 33 122 1 11 1495.5 0.1442 0.0294 22 33 122 1 10 1749.1 0.1271 0.0542 22 33 122 1 8 2497.3 0.3525 0.1572 22 33 122 1 7 2745.3 0.3399 0.1323 22 33 122 1 6 2997 0.3347 0.1228 22 33 122 1 5 3199.6 0.5392 0.2863 22 33 122 1 4 3446.4 -9 -9 55 33 122 1 3 3652.6 0.5976 0.2573 22 33 122 1 2 3857.1 0.6998 0.3025 22 33 122 1 1 3915.9 0.668 0.2913 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 123 1 24 9.2 5.2856 2.0517 22 33 123 1 23 50 5.1656 2.0667 22 33 123 1 19 397.2 1.1307 2~ 3~ 123 1 18 497 0.854 2~ 3~ 123 1 17 595.9 0.5204 2~ 3~ 123 1 16 695.3 0.4607 2~ 3~ 123 1 15 846.6 0.424 2~ 3~ 123 1 14 994.2 0.2713 2~ 3~ 123 1 13 1248 0.406 0.1837 22 33 123 1 12 1499.2 0.4095 0.1576 22 33 123 1 11 1742.2 0.3792 0.1584 22 33 123 1 10 1986.6 0.3168 0.1121 22 33 123 1 9 2200.7 0.3593 0.1513 22 33 123 1 8 2394.7 0.3822 0.1521 22 33 123 1 7 2595.4 0.3211 0.098 22 33 123 1 6 2781.9 0.593 0.2519 22 33 123 1 5 2996.1 0.659 0.2869 22 33 123 1 4 3196.2 0.5765 0.2442 22 33 123 1 3 3399.6 0.6422 0.2718 22 33 123 1 2 3600.4 0.6473 0.2647 22 33 123 1 1 3704.8 0.679 0.285 22 33 124 2 24 11.1 5.469 2.1089 22 33 124 2 23 79.5 4.345 1.639 22 33 124 2 22 131.8 3.8664 1.5434 22 33 124 2 21 209.9 2.039 0.8318 22 33 124 2 19 378.4 0.906 0.3859 22 33 124 2 18 491.2 0.5566 0.2297 22 33 124 2 17 595.4 0.3887 0.1549 22 33 124 2 16 694.7 0.2468 0.0968 22 33 124 2 15 841 0.1497 0.0585 22 33 124 2 14 1040.4 0.1363 0.0584 22 33 124 2 13 1240.7 0.1569 0.067 22 33 124 2 11 1738.2 0.4001 0.1729 22 33 124 2 10 1992.7 0.4113 0.1642 22 33 124 2 9 2244.5 0.4464 0.1869 22 33 124 2 8 2496.1 0.4346 0.185 22 33 124 2 7 2745.1 0.5769 0.2357 22 33 124 2 6 2997.5 0.6036 0.2186 22 33 124 2 4 3501.1 0.9502 0.3931 22 33 124 2 2 4101 1.0795 0.4504 22 33 124 2 1 4166.4 1.0462 0.4402 22 33 125 1 24 6.2 6.3391. 2.8322 22 33 125 1 22 6.3 5.9029 2.4292 22 33 125 1 23 6.5 4.7671 1.8816 22 33 125 1 21 74 3.7713 1.3082 22 33 125 1 20 123.3 3.6457 1.487 22 33 125 1 19 213.9 2.328 0.9552 22 33 125 1 18 292.9 1.3733 0.4815 22 33 125 1 17 387 1.3247 0.6326 22 33 125 1 16 490.9 0.9069 0.391 22 33 125 1 15 591.5 0.5436 0.2244 22 33 125 1 14 689.8 0.444 0.1883 22 33 125 1 13 841.8 0.2156 0.0653 22 33 125 1 11 1240.8 0.3373 0.0992 22 33 125 1 10 1491.4 0.3032 0.1274 22 33 125 1 9 1741.7 0.3367 0.1366 22 33 125 1 8 1993.7 0.3147 0.1113 22 33 125 1 7 1994.3 0.3833 0.1679 22 33 125 1 5 2224.2 0.4026 0.1804 22 33 125 1 4 2495.8 0.4528 0.1971 22 33 125 1 3 2700.2 0.3944 0.1325 22 33 125 1 2 2847.5 0.4889 0.1963 22 33 125 1 1 3026.4 0.5278 0.2356 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 126 1 24 9.5 4.9894 1.9286 22 33 126 1 22 52.6 5.1957 2.1575 22 33 126 1 21 116.6 2.6966 1.1024 22 33 126 1 20 198.6 1.8681 0.7688 22 33 126 1 19 296.7 1.494 0.658 22 33 126 1 18 394.8 0.7262 0.3143 22 33 126 1 16 594.2 0.5082 0.2139 22 33 126 1 15 693.2 0.4524 0.1851 22 33 126 1 13 1039.5 0.4697 0.1915 22 33 126 1 12 1243.1 0.4031 0.1769 22 33 126 1 11 1488.7 0.3562 0.1529 22 33 126 1 10 1742.7 0.3975 0.1714 22 33 126 1 9 2001.3 0.3496 0.1382 22 33 126 1 8 2249.2 0.3888 0.1515 22 33 126 1 7 2502.7 0.4295 0.1781 22 33 126 1 6 2503.2 0.4604 0.2034 22 33 126 1 5 2748.6 0.4612 0.188 22 33 126 1 4 3001.5 0.4558 0.1619 22 33 126 1 3 3240.1 0.7839 0.3297 22 33 126 1 2 3406.5 0.9371 0.408 22 33 126 1 1 3455.9 0.991 0.4222 22 33 127 1 19 83.1 3.7651 1.3146 22 33 127 1 18 161.7 2.6234 1.015 22 33 127 1 16 291.7 1.3503 0.4744 22 33 127 1 13 491.8 0.8966 0.3693 22 33 127 1 12 590.8 0.5784 0.242 22 33 127 1 11 691.2 0.4136 0.1637 22 33 127 1 9 1041.3 0.2681 0.1002 22 33 127 1 8 1241.4 0.2461 0.0958 22 33 127 1 6 1741.6 0.2777 0.1222 22 33 127 1 5 1992.4 0.2791 0.1188 22 33 127 1 4 2245 0.3357 0.1382 22 33 127 1 3 2447.5 0.3947 0.1613 22 33 127 1 2 2647.8 0.6679 0.2701 22 33 127 1 1 2718.1 0.7248 0.2862 22 33 128 1 23 6.6 4.9697 1.8939 22 33 128 1 21 98.8 4.2123 1.8085 22 33 128 1 19 200 1.9343 0.8304 22 33 128 1 18 300.2 1.2212 0.4963 22 33 128 1 17 398.3 0.764 0.2573 22 33 128 1 16 499 0.6715 0.266 22 33 128 1 15 596.7 0.4827 0.163 22 33 128 1 14 699.5 0.4056 0.1172 22 33 128 1 13 846.8 0.5227 0.2089 22 33 128 1 12 1044.6 0.3161 0.1497 22 33 128 1 10 1492.6 0.2824 0.1293 22 33 128 1 8 1996.7 0.2408 0.0747 22 33 128 1 6 2502.5 0.277 0.1126 22 33 128 1 5 2750.9 0.3716 0.1349 22 33 128 1 3 3203.1 0.8866 0.386 22 33 128 1 2 3307.7 0.8644 0.3466 22 33 128 1 1 3352.9 0.8854 0.3488 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 129 2 24 13 5.8911 2.3649 22 33 129 2 23 85.8 3.3859 1.3522 22 33 129 2 21 293.5 0.6725 0.2673 22 33 129 2 20 395 0.354 0.1266 22 33 129 2 19 492.8 0.2145 0.0698 22 33 129 2 18 591.3 0.1659 0.0582 22 33 129 2 17 691.8 0.1336 0.0421 22 33 129 2 16 841.4 0.0543 0.0199 22 33 129 2 15 1043.5 0.0614 0.0207 22 33 129 2 13 1492.1 0.1141 0.0518 22 33 129 2 12 1743.4 0.1365 0.0673 22 33 129 2 11 1993.5 0.1756 0.0753 22 33 129 2 10 2244.9 0.1972 0.0733 22 33 129 2 9 2495.3 0.3505 0.1459 22 33 129 2 8 2746.1 0.4238 0.1634 22 33 129 2 6 3246.9 0.9304 0.3908 22 33 129 2 5 3499.4 0.8991 0.3364 22 33 129 2 4 3748.7 0.8981 0.3347 22 33 129 2 3 3999.4 0.8639 0.3154 22 33 129 2 2 4230.1 0.8354 0.3006 22 33 129 2 1 4283.2 0.8727 0.3121 22 33 130 1 24 4.3 4.749 1.7467 22 33 130 1 23 98.7 2.2402 0.7624 22 33 130 1 22 195.2 0.6447 0.22 22 33 130 1 21 294.7 0.2348 0.0712 22 33 130 1 19 496.6 0.132 0.0593 22 33 130 1 18 596.4 0.1365 0.0507 22 33 130 1 17 692.7 0.0641 0.0266 22 33 130 1 16 842.1 0.0543 0.0219 22 33 130 1 15 1040.7 0.0507 0.0229 22 33 130 1 13 1501.1 0.0749 0.0362 22 33 130 1 12 1740.8 0.0782 0.0373 22 33 130 1 11 1998 0.1075 0.0577 22 33 130 1 10 2300.8 0.117 0.0542 22 33 130 1 9 2605.3 0.1275 0.0633 22 33 130 1 8 2898.7 0.1554 0.0579 22 33 130 1 6 3500.1 0.2658 0.1271 22 33 130 1 5 3749.9 0.6605 0.2763 22 33 130 1 4 4001.3 0.8911 0.3769 22 33 130 1 3 4252.5 0.9271 0.3506 22 33 130 1 2 4421.1 1.0156 0.4046 22 33 130 1 1 4468.7 1.0858 0.4578 22 33 131 2 24 9.3 5.4042 1.891 22 33 131 2 23 64.4 4.2074 1.5155 22 33 131 2 22 142 2.2344 0.8095 22 33 131 2 21 242.3 0.3724 0.1661 22 33 131 2 20 357.1 0.1147 0.037 22 33 131 2 19 491.4 0.0884 0.0364 22 33 131 2 18 591.5 0.076 0.0292 22 33 131 2 17 740.2 0.0478 0.0168 22 33 131 2 16 990.8 0.0615 0.0217 22 33 131 2 15 1287.1 0.0632 0.0279 22 33 131 2 13 1891.1 0.0811 0.0261 22 33 131 2 12 2192.6 0.093 0.0244 22 33 131 2 10 2846.7 0.0935 0.0352 22 33 131 2 9 3349 0.1401 0.0444 22 33 131 2 8 3698.2 0.1981 0.0558 22 33 131 2 7 3897.7 0.4856 0.2032 22 33 131 2 5 4498.7 0.9085 0.3201 22 33 131 2 4 4799.8 0.7947 0.2364 22 33 131 2 3 5081.5 0.9005 0.3016 22 33 131 2 2 5133.5 1.0215 0.3683 22 33 131 2 1 5134.5 0.768 0.2298 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 132 1 17 48.3 5.9639 2.4515 22 33 132 1 15 198.3 1.7816 0.5787 22 33 132 1 13 302 0.5721 0.1859 22 33 132 1 11 504.3 0.2679 0.0868 22 33 132 1 10 607.6 0.2671 0.1359 22 33 132 1 9 705.2 0.162 0.0715 22 33 132 1 8 798.5 0.1445 0.0652 22 33 132 1 7 1002.1 0.0971 0.0368 22 33 132 1 6 1208 0.1521 0.0818 22 33 132 1 5 1498.7 0.1798 0.0734 22 33 132 1 4 1798.5 0.2691 6.1238 22 33 132 1 2 2193.4 0.3508 0.1516 22 33 132 1 1 2483.8 0.3749 0.1454 22 33 133 1 24 10.7 6.2131 2.4518 22 33 133 1 22 78.9 5.3327 2.067 22 33 133 1 21 114.3 4.0871 1.4609 22 33 133 1 19 216.7 1.4166 0.4919 22 33 133 1 18 292.6 0.6599 0.2147 22 33 133 1 17 394.1 0.2793 0.0882 22 33 133 1 15 570.5 0.138 0.0414 22 33 133 1 14 690.4 0.1675 0.0779 22 33 133 1 13 842.8 0.0911 0.0476 22 33 133 1 12 1040.8 0.0903 0.0341 22 33 133 1 11 1246.7 0.1028 0.0496 22 33 133 1 10 1497.5 0.1595 0.0668 22 33 133 1 9 1742 0.1632 0.0539 22 33 133 1 8 1994.2 0.1962 0.0802 22 33 133 1 7 2247.9 0.2871 0.0978 22 33 133 1 6 2501.4 0.3343 0.0968 22 33 133 1 5 2741.8 0.4315 0.1464 22 33 133 1 4 2997.4 0.5777 0.1989 22 33 133 1 3 3152.2 0.7157 0.304 22 33 133 1 2 3299.4 0.5619 0.1986 22 33 133 1 1 3419.3 0.4581 0.1539 22 33 134 2 24 133.6 4.5359 1.7306 22 33 134 2 23 214.4 1.9352 0.7354 22 33 134 2 21 272.8 0.8885 0.3781 22 33 134 2 20 343.2 0.4956 0.1961 22 33 134 2 19 489.4 0.303 0.1196 22 33 134 2 18 648 0.3517 0.1298 22 33 134 2 17 788 0.3047 0.1266 22 33 134 2 16 991.4 0.2321 0.0823 22 33 134 2 15 1190.4 0.2203 0.0888 22 33 134 2 14 1492 0.2271 0.1015 22 33 134 2 13 1791.3 0.2066 0.0923 22 33 134 2 12 2193.8 0.1986 0.0892 22 33 134 2 11 2595.5 0.2615 0.1096 22 33 134 2 10 2998 0.3497 0.15 22 33 134 2 9 3296.4 0.3999 0.1552 22 33 134 2 8 3598.1 0.5075 0.2076 22 33 134 2 7 3899.6 0.6179 0.2671 22 33 134 2 6 4200.7 0.5849 0.2245 22 33 134 2 5 4500.6 0.5802 0.2033 22 33 134 2 4 4810.6 0.5851 0.1869 22 33 134 2 3 5102 0.6983 0.2238 22 33 134 2 2 5327.3 0.6373 0.2317 22 33 134 2 1 5496.7 0.7757 0.3116 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 135 1 23 7.1 5.8954 2.5317 22 33 135 1 22 77 5.0935 1.7273 22 33 135 1 20 191.1 2.4123 0.8724 22 33 135 1 19 319 0.942 0.3127 22 33 135 1 18 400.4 0.5847 0.1612 22 33 135 1 17 492.8 0.7113 0.3101 22 33 135 1 16 643.8 0.543 0.2195 22 33 135 1 15 792.3 0.3409 0.1008 22 33 135 1 13 1492.3 0.2066 0.0591 22 33 135 1 11 1993 0.2302 0.0769 22 33 135 1 10 2405.9 0.2122 0.0832 22 33 135 1 9 2811.7 0.3094 0.1245 22 33 135 1 8 3199.5 0.3149 0.1473 22 33 135 1 7 3599.8 0.359 0.1575 22 33 135 1 6 4000 0.4655 0.1991 22 33 135 1 5 4402.2 0.5634 0.2158 22 33 135 1 3 5155.7 0.6561 0.2662 22 33 135 1 1 5712.9 0.6572 0.3513 22 33 136 1 24 8.7 6.04 2.4074 22 33 136 1 22 138.7 4.3209 1.6641 22 33 136 1 20 212.3 3.1453 1.2281 22 33 136 1 18 397.3 0.6936 0.2653 22 33 136 1 17 496.4 0.5314 0.1701 22 33 136 1 16 595.6 0.4591 0.1884 22 33 136 1 15 689.9 0.2967 0.0958 22 33 136 1 14 795.9 0.2721 6.0857 22 33 136 1 13 956.6 0.2383 0.0856 22 33 136 1 12 1095.6 0.2724 0.0956 22 33 136 1 11 1392.7 0.2215 0.0662 22 33 136 1 10 1691.2 0.2661 0.0991 22 33 136 1 9 1996.7 0.2248 0.0917 22 33 136 1 8 2400.6 0.2336 0.0912 22 33 136 1 7 2801.6 0.2193 0.0921 22 33 136 1 6 3201.4 0.2409 0.1001 22 33 136 1 5 3653.1 0.2986 0.1085 22 33 136 1 4 4199 0.3605 0.1332 22 33 136 1 3 4631 0.3753 0.1235 22 33 136 1 1 4813.2 0.3958 0.1158 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 137 1 22 117.3 4.3501 1.8471 22 33 137 1 21 178.2 1.7758 0.7186 22 33 137 1 20 233.9 1.0146 0.4134 22 33 137 1 19 309.4 0.5955 0.2425 22 33 137 1 18 391.2 0.3866 0.1577 22 33 137 1 17 495.1 0.3415 0.1347 22 33 137 1 16 591.2 0.3048 0.1116 22 33 137 1 15 692.1 0.3554 0.149 22 33 137 1 14 840.5 0.4422 0.1678 22 33 137 1 13 1040.3 0.2944 0.1182 22 33 137 1 12 1240.8 0.2267 0.0818 22 33 137 1 11 1491.6 0.2486 0.0859 22 33 137 1 10 1741.1 0.2088 0.0849 22 33 137 1 9 1994.9 0.1937 0.0708 22 33 137 1 8 2394.6 0.2595 0.1156 22 33 137 1 7 2794.7 0.2601 0.109 22 33 137 1 5 3598.8 0.3335 0.1391 22 33 137 1 4 4000 0.4354 0.1786 22 33 137 1 3 4301.9 0.4805 0.2087 22 33 137 1 2 4503.9 0.477 0.1985 22 33 137 1 1 4608.3 0.5279 0.225 22 33 138 1 24 8 6.1028 2.3714 22 33 138 1 23 73.4 5.8682 2.2131 22 33 138 1 22 112.5 5.6357 2.1795 22 33 138 1 21 153.4 3.9186 1.5456 22 33 138 1 18 491.1 0.449 0.1754 22 33 138 1 17 591.4 0.2202 0.0953 22 33 138 1 15 839.9 0.558 0.2534 22 33 138 1 14 1038.5 0.3343 0.1364 22 33 138 1 13 1242.7 0.324 0.1379 22 33 138 1 12 1489.5 0.2551 0.112 22 33 138 1 11 1790.6 0.2273 0.0985 22 33 138 1 10 2092.4 0.1682 0.0606 22 33 138 1 9 2393.6 0.2127 0.0869 22 33 138 1 8 2695.7 0.2905 0.1078 22 33 138 1 7 2995.7 0.2902 0.1272 22 33 138 1 5 3798.6 0.3098 0.1198 22 33 138 1 4 4197.1 0.4094 0.1792 22 33 138 1 3 4601.1 0.3996 0.1576 22 33 138 1 1 4955.4 0.5679 0.2386 22 33 139 1 24 10.7 6.1165 2.5159 22 33 139 1 20 317.7 1.1367 0.4364 22 33 139 1 18 494.3 0.4522 0.1792 22 33 139 1 17 596.9 0.3092 0.1255 22 33 139 1 15 852 0.2915 0.1051 22 33 139 1 13 1248.9 0.2797 0.0956 22 33 139 1 12 1499.4 0.2178 0.079 22 33 139 1 11 1805.1 0.1902 0.0707 22 33 139 1 10 2098 0.2488 0.1024 22 33 139 1 9 2407.1 0.2674 0.1139 22 33 139 1 8 2701.4 0.2637 0.109 22 33 139 1 7 3008.3 0.2605 0.1039 22 33 139 1 5 3603.5 0.305 0.123 22 33 139 1 3 4208.2 0.4539 0.1872 22 33 139 1 2 4391.3 0.4864 0.1977 22 33 139 1 1 4537.7 0.5357 0.206 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 140 2 22 496 0.287 0.1111 22 33 140 2 20 697.1 0.278 0.099 22 33 140 2 19 845.4 0.1913 0.07 22 33 140 2 18 995.2 0.2041 0.0724 22 33 140 2 12 3202.6 0.1814 0.0666 22 33 140 2 10 4004.5 0.2137 0.0714 22 33 140 2 9 4313.6 0.251 0.0962 22 33 140 2 8 4611.4 0.3305 0.1185 22 33 141 1 24 8.7 6.018 2.3836 22 33 141 1 23 67.8 6.1653 2~ 3~ 141 1 22 108.4 5.9288 2~ 3~ 141 1 21 196.5 1.8872 0.7239 22 33 141 1 6 3100.9 0.1243 0.057 22 33 142 1 24 10.5 6.2346 2.5337 22 33 142 1 3 4003.3 0.2704 0.0901 22 33 143 1 24 15 6.2659 2~ 3~ 143 1 23 72.6 6.273 2.4433 22 33 144 1 5 3006.5 0.2181 0.1123 22 33 146 1 24 9 6.2247 2.3731 22 33 146 1 23 54.8 6.4936 2.4507 22 33 146 1 22 118.1 6.0147 2~ 3~ 146 1 11 1741.7 0.3215 0.1204 22 33 146 1 10 1998.8 0.2162 0.0824 22 33 147 1 24 28.8 5.971 2~ 3~ 147 1 23 63.9 6.0404 2.3719 22 33 148 1 24 6.6 6.0981 2.4455 22 33 148 1 23 44.6 6.0447 2.4699 22 33 149 1 23 4.4 6.2331 2.3689 22 33 149 1 22 49 6.2748 2.4126 22 33 149 1 13 1497 0.0776 ~2 ~3 150 1 24 7.1 6.4232 2.6341 22 33 150 1 21 7.3 6.3586 2.596 22 33 150 1 22 7.3 6.3875 2.658 22 33 151 1 24 3.7 6.2098 2.2891 22 33 151 1 23 37.8 6.1418 2.3206 22 33 152 1 24 5.6 6.3788 2~ 3~ 152 1 23 45.1 6.0594 2~ 3~ 153 2 23 52.6 6.2088 2.2687 22 33 153 2 24 52.6 6.3189 2.3411 22 33 153 2 8 2703.3 0.1151 ~2 ~3 154 1 22 117.8 5.8231 2~ 3~ 155 1 21 10.4 6.404 2.4394 22 33 155 1 20 39.9 6.4449 2.4768 22 33 155 1 19 89.2 5.6275 2~ 3~ 156 1 19 75.7 6.4205 2.4568 22 33 156 1 18 124.7 5.7608 2~ 3~ 157 1 23 8.5 5.8627 2.2899 22 33 157 1 22 48.1 6.0816 2.3617 22 33 157 1 15 591.7 0.3182 0.1689 22 33 157 1 9 1595.4 0.09 0.064 22 33 157 1 8 1805.5 0.0924 0.0729 22 33 157 1 6 2198.9 0.116 0.0802 22 33 157 1 5 2399.5 0.112 0.0851 22 33 157 1 4 2602.9 0.109 0.0753 22 33 157 1 3 2812.1 0.1269 0.076 22 33 157 1 2 3001.6 0.1432 0.09 22 33 157 1 1 3084.8 0.1418 0.0874 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 158 2 24 9 5.5825 2.3323 22 33 158 2 23 37.3 5.545 2.2047 22 33 158 2 22 108.1 5.5648 2.2078 22 33 159 1 24 15.1 5.4662 2.1345 22 33 159 1 23 42.4 5.4369 2.1264 22 33 159 1 22 101.8 5.4104 2.1501 22 33 159 1 15 696.6 0.4907 0.1697 22 33 159 1 14 843.1 0.3842 0.1451 22 33 160 1 24 33.3 2.0017 ~2 ~3 160 1 23 79.7 2.0037 ~2 ~3 160 1 12 1141.9 0.1267 0.04 22 33 160 1 5 2747.7 0.1626 0.0534 22 33 160 1 4 2998 0.1365 0.0441 22 33 161 1 23 8.3 1.9787 ~2 ~3 161 1 4 2296.5 0.1394 0.0297 22 33 161 1 3 2700.8 0.1179 0.0385 22 33 161 1 1 3038.9 0.0658 0.0445 22 33 166 3 15 1594.9 0.1115 0.0742 22 33 166 3 14 1797 0.0422 0.0594 22 33 166 3 13 1998.4 0.0454 0.0109 22 33 166 3 1 4607.8 0.0197 0.0404 22 33 166 3 2 4612.8 0.0073 0.0254 22 33 167 2 18 1145.8 0.8275 0.3152 22 33 167 2 10 2751.6 0.017 ~2 ~3 167 2 9 3002.3 0.0208 ~2 ~3 167 2 4 4256.7 0.0251 ~2 ~3 167 2 3 4406.1 0.0221 ~2 ~3 167 2 2 4555.1 0.0406 0.0215 22 33 168 2 14 1691.9 0.0549 0.0409 22 33 168 2 13 1894.2 0.028 0.0277 22 33 168 2 11 2295.8 0.0395 0.0096 22 33 168 2 10 2494.6 0.0051 2~ 3~ 168 2 8 2903.4 0.02 0.0217 22 33 168 2 1 3836 0.0376 0.0122 22 33 169 2 10 2297.3 -0.0183 -0.0156 22 33 169 2 5 3751 0.0262 2~ 3~ 169 2 2 4504.9 0.0136 2~ 3~ 169 2 1 4586.2 0.0116 ~2 ~3 170 2 17 1181.7 0.523 0.3213 22 33 170 2 3 4205.2 0.0145 0.0176 22 33 170 2 2 4405.6 0.0263 ~2 ~3 171 2 16 1395.6 0.2891 0.1062 22 33 171 2 13 1999.1 0.0091 0.0199 22 33 171 2 11 2495.7 0.0139 ~2 ~3 171 2 10 2747.3 0.0173 0.0238 22 33 171 2 9 2999.2 0.0144 0.0261 22 33 171 2 6 3751.9 0.0129 ~2 ~3 171 2 5 4001.4 0.0121 ~2 ~3 171 2 4 4254.5 0.0325 0.025 22 33 171 2 3 4510.6 0.0209 0.0278 22 33 171 2 2 4706.1 0.0225 ~2 ~3 171 2 1 4811.2 0.0376 0.0441 22 33 #STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO CTDPRS CFC-11 CFC-12 QUALl QUAL2 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- 172 3 16 1796.7 0.0058 0.0243 22 33 172 3 15 2004.8 0.002 0.0104 22 33 173 1 11 36.4 3.0108 1.3036 22 33 173 2 9 3001.2 -0.012 2~ 3~ 173 2 8 3253.1 -0.0145 2~ 3~ 173 2 7 3503.9 -0.0153 2~ 3~ 173 2 3 4505.5 0.0113 ~2 ~3 174 2 11 2749.9 0.0172 ~2 ~3 174 2 9 3252.4 0.0097 ~2 ~3 175 2 13 2248.2 -0.0124 2~ 3~ 175 2 11 2741.3 -0.013 2~ 3~ 175 2 9 3250.3 0.0281 2~ 3~ 175 2 4 4509.7 -0.0073 -0.0014 22 33 176 2 23 15.2 1.2716 0.5334 22 33 176 2 22 80.9 1.6971 0.7678 22 33 176 2 18 1047.5 0.8307 0.322 22 33 176 2 14 1652.8 0.15 0.0306 22 33 176 2 11 2248.1 0.0135 ~2 ~3 176 2 5 4010 -0.005 2~ 3~ 176 2 3 4510.8 -0.0037 2~ 3~ 177 2 18 943.9 0.1464 0.0877 22 33 178 1 13 6.1 2.1409 1.0641 22 33 178 1 2 902.9 0.4061 0.1768 22 33 178 1 3 903.1 0.3723 2~ 3~ 178 1 4 903.1 0.1499 ~2 ~3 178 2 8 2754 0.013 ~2 ~3 DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Contact Data Type Data Status Summary -------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------------------------- 03/04/91 Van Woy CFCs DQE Begun needs more info. to continue. See cruise report for Van Woy's full DQE report and suggested flags. 03/08/91 Mantyla NUTs/O DQE Begun Problems w/ nuts data 04/23/91 Mantyla NUTs/O DQE Report Submitted Data do not meet WOCE standards. See cruise report for Mantyla's full DQE report and suggested flags. 07/12/91 Jennings-Jr. NUTs/O DQE Complete "Data appears overall to be of high quality". See cruise report for Jennings' full DQE report and suggested flags. 05/06/93 Millard CTD DQE Report Submitted 07/15/93 Witte CTD Calibration Report Submitted The following is a description of the pressure averaging used at AWI for preparing the 2-decibar CTD data. (see cruise report, "CTD calibration report 06MT11_5") It is difficult to explain the difference between CTD salinity and water sample salinity in the station number 154, since the CTD salinity data used in the plot are not the data from the 2-decibar CTD profile. Nothing points to a defect in the CTD during stations 175, 176, 178 and 179. It may be that the questionable data are an indication of the extreme variability of the survey region. 12/09/94 Kozyr CO2 Final Data Submitted 03/09/99 Newton Tracers cfc hel trit delhe neon merged into btl file o Data status notes say DQE found nuts/oxy/sal not up to WOCE standards, but there is no explanation in cruise docs. o merged CFC-11 CFC-12 TRITUM HELIUM DELHE3 TRITER HELIER DELHER. added NEON NEONER. o Changed stn116 cast1 to cast2. o New values from stn173 cast1 had unmatched sampno's. No way to reconcile and merge into a21hy.txt. 12 samples not merged. o New values from stn140 cast2 sampno1->4 had no counterparts in a21hy.txt. o New values from stn164 cast2 sampno 2,4,6,8,10,12 had no counterparts in a21hy.txt - can't tell if something's amiss here. o In a21hy.txt changed HELIUM and HELIER from 8.3 to 8.4, changed DELHE3 missing code from -9. to -999. o new a21hy.txt datestamp: 20000626WHPOSIODMN 03/09/99 Klein Tracers He/Tr/cfc/neon data Submitted Date Contact Data Type Data Status Summary -------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------------------------- 03/10/99 Diggs Tracers (He/Tr/cfc) Clarification Requested After careful inspection of the data file that you sent, I have concluded that there are some potential problems that we need to resolve before I merge your A21/S04 data (Helium, Neon, Tritium, CFCs) with the rest of the bottle data. Your data file has some minor problems with the header, but the serious issues are those with the precision of the CFC, and NEON values. The WOCE specification of these fields is F8.3, yet you report your values are F8.4. I had reformatted your files earlier and noticed that my software caused your values to be rounded (not truncated). It may seem like a lot of trouble, but I don't think that the WHPO should be in the business of reproducing data values from the originator's file. Therefore, would you be so kind as to re-send the data? If not, I *could* use the values that I have. I would need some official statement from you. I could even send you my program that I wrote to reformat your files (it is written in Perl 5). In addition, I have included two short files, which are the first 16 lines of your original file and my reformatter file. These are attachments. Please let me know what you decide. 08/03/99 Diggs He/Tr/cfc/ Data are Final; questions resolved 02/14/00 Kozyr TCARBN/PCO2 Final Data Submitted I've just put a total of 13 files [carbon data measured in Indian (6 files) and Atlantic (7 files) oceans] to the WHPO ftp area. Please let me know if you get data okay. 03/10/00 Holliday Cruise ID Website Update A20 NOT included in this cruise A21/S04/SR02 (Roether) you also have this under S01 but the cruise clearly isn't on S01 so that entry should be removed. 04/18/00 Kappa Cruise ID Data Update; s01 designation changed to a21 06/12/00 Huynh DOC Line designations corrected (online docs) 06/26/00 Newton Tracers Merged into hyd file Merge notes for a21 06MT11/5 : o Merged file: Mar 9 1999 a21_bklein_cfc_tr-hr-ne_FIXED.dat directory: ..../a21/original/TRACERS_1999.03 .sea file: Feb 27 1998 a21hy.txt (no WHPO datestamp) o Data status notes say DQE found nuts/oxy/sal not up to WOCE standards, but there is no explanation in cruise docs. o Merged CFC-11 CFC-12 TRITUM HELIUM DELHE3 TRITER HELIER DELHER. o Added NEON NEONER. o Changed stn116 cast1 to cast2. o New values from stn173 cast1 had unmatched sampno's. No way to reconcile and merge into a21hy.txt. 12 samples not merged. o New values from stn140 cast2 sampno1->4 had no counterparts in a21hy.txt. o New values from stn164 cast2 sampno 2,4,6,8,10,12 had no counterparts in a21hy.txt - can't tell if something's amiss here. o In a21hy.txt changed HELIUM and HELIER from 8.3 to 8.4, changed DELHE3 missing code from -9. to -999. o New a21hy.txt datestamp: WHPOSIODMN Date Contact Data Type Data Status Summary -------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------------------------- 07/10/00 Bartolacci BTL Website Updated; newly merged file online Parameters: cfc-11, cfc-12, tritum, helium, delhe3, neon, triter, helier, delher, neoner, qualt1, qualt2 I have replaced the current botlte file with the newly merged file containing cfc's he, trit, delhe3, neon, and associated errors, merged by D. Newton 06/20/01 Uribe BTL Website Updated; EXCHANGE File Added Bottle file in exchange format has been linked to website. 06/21/01 Uribe CTD/BTL Website Updated CTD EXCHANGE File Added, BTL EXCHANGE file modified The exchange bottle file name in directory and index file was modified to lower case. CTD exchange files were put online. 06/27/01 Uribe CTD Website Updated; EXCHANGE File put online 12/20/01 Uribe CTD Website Updated; EXCHANGE File put online CTD has been converted to exchange using the new code and put online. 12/21/01 Hajrasuliha CTD Internal DQE completed created *check.txt file for this cruise. Created .ps files for this cruise. 02/18/02 Klein Tracers CFC/He/Tr/Ne/DEL3HE resubmitted When I last submitted the final helium/tritium data for the cruise and and updated version of the cfc data, I noted a problem in the merged data file later on due to an inconsitency of the basic hydrography data. It resulted in profiles that were upside-down (in CFC, helium, delta-3he, neon and Tritium) fo st. 106 and 113. Sta. 173 had different bottle numbers in our file and therefore the CFC data for this profile had not been remerged. And station 116 had a different cast number so data from that statin were also not remerged. I have written to you about it in the past but somehow the wrong profiles never got changed. Since we have been working on a data quality assessment for the tracer data of the south Atlantic we also examined the consistency of the tracer data and gave new quality flags. Especially for the CFCs we have added a larger number of data questionable. I changed our hydrography data to be the same as yours and merged all tracer data and new quality flags to your a21hy.txt file. The file I am sending now is correct in all tracer values, has unchanged data for stat, cast, sample, bottle, pres, temp, ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silicate, nitrate, nitrit, phosphate and has an update of tracer quality flags. You don't have to merge it again by your side, just check for yourself against your old file that I only altered the above mentioned problematic tracer profiles and changed tracer quality bits and then please replace it on your webside. Date Contact Data Type Data Status Summary -------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------------------------- 02/18/02 Diggs Tracers Need to be remerged into online file To be on the safe side, we will re-merge your file for the parameters listed (CFC/He/Tr/Ne/DEL3HE) with our own online version and re-check the values. This should happen over the course of the next two weeks. Take another look at our online files, just to be sure, sometime around the first week in April. 02/18/02 Bartolacci DOC Update Needed change line numbrs in doc to A21 and S04, SR02. 06MT11_5 occurred during a time when PIs were not using current WOCE line naming conventions. Various segments of this cruise were given multiple basin line designations according to the PI's discretion. Since that time, the WHOI WHPO has renamed parts of the cruises line designations in an attempt to make the lines conform to recognized WOCE lines. The original cruise track for 06MT11_5 was divided into 2 sections: S01/A21 and S02/A12. After the completion of the cruise the S02/A12 designation was dropped and that section was divided into S04 and SR02. The sum file now has line A21, S04 and SR02 as line numbers covered by this cruise. However the DOC file still lists the old line designations of S01/A21, S02/A12 as well as the new designation of A21/S04/SR02. This cruise is currently on the WHPO public table under the lines A21 and S04, SR02. 05/22/02 Key LV data Submitted I have attached my version of the LV data file for Meteor 11/5. In this case, the "my" is important. This file was assembled from various partial files obtained over a period of years. Simply stated, the merging process was a nightmare. At the very least, there are bound to be some errors in the flags (except for C14). The file contains C13 data, which I have not checked at all. My guess is that all these C13 data should be flagged 3 as is the case for all the LV U.S. C13 data. The low quality of the C13 is a result of the old technique (LV C13 data were only measured in order to correct C14 measurements for fractionation during processing). Regardless, this is probably the most complete and correct version of the LV data for that cruise which exists (at least electronically). I have also attached a copy of my summary README* which gives a small portion of the history of various data components. I have far more info when/if needed. In the attached file I intentionally deleted all calculated parameters (theta, sigmaX, aou, etc.) except for depth in case the official WHP software differs from mine. The file format is very similar to the WHP "exchange" format with "," separators and with QUALT1 burst to single digit integers. I don't think you'll have any problem reading it. Units are all WOCE standard. After taking a look at these 2 files, let me know what additional info is needed - hopefully I can provide it. All the above specifically EXCLUDES H-3/He-3 info, details, etc. I have never been on the "inside" with respect to these data streams. *1/3/2001 Initialized README file Meteor cruise 11/5 WOCE sections A12 and A21 (old designations, currently A21 S04 SR02) EXPOCODE: 06MT11_5 Ushuaia, Argentina to Capetown, South Africa January 23, 1990 to March 8, 1990 78 stations with 24 place Rosette 18 LV stations for C14, K85, Ar39, Ra o W. Roether, Ch. Sci. o Hydro: Who: G. Rohardt, E. Fahrbach Status: final S Plus: up to date o Nuts/O2: Who: SIO Status: final S Plus: up to date o TCO2: Who: D. Chipman & T. Takahashi; Status: Final S Plus: Up to date Notes: prior to CRM, coulometer analysis with estimated precision of 1umol/kg. Calibration against high purity CO2 gas also measured on LV samples NDP 045 o TA: Who: n/a Status: not measured S Plus: n/a o pCO2: Who: D. Chipman & T. Takahashi Status: Final S Plus: Up to date Notes: measured at 20C via fid GC on 500ml samples o pH25: Who: n/a Status: not measured S Plus: n/a o CFC: Who: W. roether Status: final? S Plus: up to date Notes: data from Smethie 5/10/93 o C-14: Who: P. Schlosser Status: final S Plus: up to date Notes: AMS + LV collected. All existing results in LV files o C-13: Who: P. Schlosser Status: final S Plus: up to date Notes: AMS + LV collected. All existing results in LV files o H-3/He-3: Who: W. Roether Status: ? S Plus: no data Date Contact Data Type Data Status Summary -------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------------------------- 06/21/02 Wanninkhof BTL Update Needed we are working with Bob Key, Alex Kozyr, Chris Sabine and many others on the Global Carbon synthesis. The following notes are for the synthesis group but some might be of relevance to you as well. Betty has been doing a last check of our carbon synthesis product for the Atlantic and the "WOCE bottle data" and "WOCE bottle data in exchange format". Unfortunately the data in these files are not always the same. [note, whpo@ucsd.edu perhaps clearly indicate last updates in each of the files]. We made the following changes to our data files which were originally obtained from Alex via CDIAC. The following are the notes from Betty and will be reflected in our version 11 data. Alex please note the unresolved issues for A01W and AO2. Alex, could you please determine if the WOCE files have the latest carbon data. Because of differences in sample # between the original file you sent and the WOCE file we cannot merge data from one file to the other for A01W and A02 A21 - In the WOCE file the last station is 120 while our file has A21 ending at station 121. Otherwise, the files are the same. This is an issue of where A21 ends and A12 starts. that is in our file A12 starts with station A122 and the WOCE file starts with A120. 05/02/03 Kappa Doc New PDF & TXT docs assembled Additions to cruise reports: 1 CTD Calibration report 2 CO2 Report 3 Data Quality Reports: CTD DQE report (Robert Millard) Nutrients/Salinity/Oxygen DQE report (Arnold Mantyla) Nutrients/Salinity/Oxygen DQE report (J.C. Jennings) CFC DQE report (R. Van Woy) 4 WHPO-generated cruise/station tracks 5 Visually enhanced figures 6 List of contributing authors 7 These WHPO data processing notes 8 Corrected line designations