CRUISE REPORT: A12
(Updated JUN 2019)





Highlights

                        Cruise Summary Information

               Section Designation  A12
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  06AQ20120107
                  Chief Scientists  Dieter Wolf-Gladrow / AWI
                             Dates  2012 JAN 07/2012 MAR 11 
                              Ship  RV POLARSTERN
                     Ports of call  Cape Town - Punta Arenas

                                                40° 29' 24" S
             Geographic Boundaries  39° 24' 36" W           12° 45' 36" E
                                                53° 30' 0" S

                          Stations  106
      Floats and drifters deployed  4 MetOcean SVP-Iridium drifters 
                                    deployed,
                                    10 autonomous profiling floats 
                                    deployed
    Moorings deployed or recovered  1 1-year mooring was deployed
                                    1 mooring with sediment traps 
                                    deployed

                           Contact Information:

                           Dieter Wolf-Gladrow
       Alfred-Wegener-INstitut / Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und 
                             Meeresforschung
                        Dieter.Wolf-Gladrow@awi.de





                Report assembled by Jerry Kappa, UCSD/SIO











Berichte                                                             661
zur Polar-                                                           2013
und Meeresforschung


                     Reports
on Polar and Marine Research


The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" 
to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/3) 

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Edited by 
Dieter Wolf-Gladrow 
with contributions of the participants 














—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

HELMHOLTZ                Alfred-Wegener-Institut
 | GEMEINSCHAFT          Helmholtz-Zentrum f Polar- 
                         und Meeresforschung 
                         D-27570 BREMERHAVEN 
                         Bundesrepublik Deutschland 




                                                           ISSN 1866-3192 







Hinweis                                Notice 

Die Berichte zur Polar- und            The Reports on Polar and Marine
Meeresforschung werden vom             Research are issued by the Alfred-
Alfred-Wegener-Institut                Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-           für Polar-und Meeresforschung in
und Meeresforschung in                 Bremerhaven*, Federal Republic
Bremerhaven* in unregelmiger           of Germany. They are published
Abfolge herausgegeben.                 in irregular intervals.

Sie enthalten Beschreibungen           They contain descriptions and 
und Ergebnisse der vom Institut        results of investigations in polar
(AWI) oder mit seiner Unter.stzung     regions and in the seas either
durchgefrten Forschungsarbeiten in     conducted by the Institute (AWI)
den Polargebieten und in den Meeren.   or with its support.

Es werden verfentlicht:                The following items are published:

— Expeditionsberichte (inkl.           — expedition reports (incl.
  Stationslisten und Routenkarten)       station lists and route maps)

— Expeditions- und                     — expedition and research results
  Forschungsergebnisse (inkl.            (incl. Ph.D. theses)
  Dissertationen) 

— wissenschaftliche Berichte der       — scientific reports of research
  Forschungsstationen des AWI            stations operated by the AWI 

— Berichte wissenschaftlicher          — reports on scientific meetings 
  Tagungen 


Die Beitrge geben nicht                The papers contained in the 
notwendigerweise die Auffassung        Reports do not necessarily reflect
des Instituts wieder.                  the opinion of the Institute.

 
             The "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung"
           continue the former "Berichte zur Polarforschung"


* Anschrift / Address                  Editor:  
Alfred-Wegener-Institut                Dr. Horst Bornemann  
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-  
und Meeresforschung                    Assistant editor:  
D-27570 Bremerhaven                    Birgit Chiaventone  
Germany  
www.awi.de  

Die "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" (ISSN 1866-3192) werden ab 
2008 als Open-Access-Publikation herausgegeben (URL: http://epic.awi.de). 

Since 2008 the "Reports on Polar and Marine Research" (ISSN 1866-3192) 
are available as open-access publications (URL: http://epic.awi.de) 
The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" 
to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/3) 

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Edited by 
Dieter Wolf-Gladrow 
with contributions of the participants 


































Please cite or link this publication using the identifier 
hdl:10013/epic.41332 or http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.41332 

ISSN 1866-3192 

























                               ANT-XXVIII/3




                      7°January 2012 - 11 March 2012

                         Cape Town - Punta Arenas




                             Chief scientist
                           Dieter Wolf-Gladrow




                               Coordinator
                            Eberhard Fahrbach

















Contents 

1. Zusammenfassung und Fahrtverlauf                                     4 
   Summary and itinerary                                                5 
2. Weather conditions                                                   8

EDDY PUMP                                                              10

3. Physical oceanography                                               13
   3.1. Physical Oceanography: Measurements at hydrographic stations   14 
4. SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation and 
   climate -multiannual observations by profiling floats               26 
5. Carbon dioxide, nutrients, dissolved oxygen and transient tracers   
   dynamics during ҅Eddy Pump"                                         28 
   5.1 Carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity 28 
   5.2 Macronutrients                                                  31 
   5.3 Dissolved Oxygen                                                33 
   5.4 Measurements of CFC-12 and SF6                                  35 
6. Primary productivity and impact of CO2 and dust on phytoplankton 
   growth                                                              37
7. Iron cycling                                                        42
8. Impact of grazers on iron bioavailability                           47
9. Natural radionuclides                                               49
   9.1. 234Th as tracer of export production of POC                    49
   9.2. Testing the 236U/238U ratios as a new conservative and 
        transient tracer in oceanography                               51
10. Bio-optical measurements for satellite validation and retrieval    53
11. Plankton assemblage composition, chlorophyll a, biogenic silica, 
    particulate and dissolved carbon and nitrogen determination        56 
12. Salpa thompsoni biology: density, population structure and grazing 60 
13. Zooplankton and Particulate Organic Matter (POM): community, size 
    structure and stable isotope compostion                            66 
14. Controls on the vertical fluxes of the Southern Ocean              70 

SYSTCO II                                                              75 

15. Foraminifera of the deep southern ocean: MUC deployments           76 
16. Antarctic deep-sea benthos - biogeochemistry                       79 
17. Foraminifera of the deep Southern Ocean: bentho-pelagic 
    distribution and past and present metagenetics                     81 
18. The link between structural and functional biodiversity of the 
    meiobenthos in the Antarctic deep sea: focus on nematodes          84 
19. The epibenthic sledge (EBS) deployment                             87 
20. On the functional biodiversity and ecology of benthic abyssal key 
    species                                                            91 
21. Barcoding deep-sea Isopoda                                         94 
22. On the functional biodiversity and ecology of macrobenthic abyssal 
    key species with focus on the Isopoda and Polychaeta               96 
23. Investigations on systematics, zoogeography and diversity of deep-
    sea Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)                              99 
24. Characterization of the polychaete fauna with regard to widely 
    distributed species                                               102 

25. Benthic and planktonic ostracoda of the Southern Ocean: 
    biodiversity and biogeography                                     105 
26. Phylogeny and phylogeography of deep-sea amphipods: connectivity 
    within and between Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and Atlantic regions  106 
27. Biogeography and phylogeny of southern Atlantic deep-sea mollusca 112 
28. Agassiz trawl (AGT) deployments                                   115 
29. Sponges - sessile suspension feeders, a biological nutrients pump 
    in the pelago-benthic coupling system                             118 
30. Changes in benthic microbial community structure with different 
    terrestrial iron input                                            123 

APPENDIX 

A.1 Teilnehmende Institute / participating institutions               125 
A.2 Fahrtteilnehmer / cruise participants                             128 
A.3 Schiffsbesatzung / ship's crew 130 A4. Stationsliste / 
    Station list PS79                                                 132 



 
1. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND FAHRTVERLAUF 
   Dieter Wolf-Gladrow                          AWI 

Am 7. Januar 2012 lief Polarstern von Kapstadt zur Antarktisreise ANT-
XXVIII/3 aus. Ziel war es, Untersuchungen in verschiedenen 
biogeographischen Provinzen des Südpolarmeeres durchzuführen. Dazu wurden 
zahlreiche hydrographische Stationen entlang eines Schnittes und 
innerhalb von zwei flächenhaften Messrastern durchgeführt. Zunächst 
führte der Kurs nach Südwesten bis 44°S und 10°O. Entlang 10°O wurde ein 
Schnitt mit hydrographischen Stationen bis 53°S durchgeführt wobei die 
Subantarktisfront, die Antarktische Polarfront und die Südliche 
Polarfront überquert wurden. Auf dem Schnitt fand bei 52°S die erste 
große Benthosstation statt. Danach führte der Kurs über Stationen bei 
52°S, 8°W und 52°S, 12°W in das Gebiet um 51°12'S, 12°40'W, in dem über 
mehr als zwei Wochen hinweg ein Raster von Stationen abgearbeitet wurde. 
Nach einem halbtägigen Besuch in Grytviken (Südgeorgien) - verbunden mit 
einem Besuch der Station des British Antarctic Survey - führte der Kurs 
in den Nordwesten von Südgeorgien. In der Region um 50°S, 38°W wurde ein 
Gitter mit 30 Stationen im Abstand von 24 Seemeilen beprobt. Anschließend 
wurde im Zentrum eines zyklonalen mesoskaligen Wirbels bei 49°40'S, 
38°16'W und knapp 5.000 m Wassertiefe eine detailierte Beprobung der 
Wassersäule mit allen dafür zur Verfügung stehenden Gerten durchgeführt. 
Für die Benthosbeprobung in dieser biogeographischen Provinz wurde eine 
Station an der Südwestecke des zuvor untersuchten Gitters bei 50°48'S, 
39°24'W ausgewählt; die dortige Wassertiefe von 4.100 m ermöglicht 
Vergleiche mit vorherigen Benthosstationen. Während der gesamten Reise 
erfolgten ozeanographische und chemische Messungen sowie Untersuchungen 
des Planktons und der Tiefseefauna. 

Das Ziel der Forschungen im Rahmen des Projekts `Eddy-Pump' bestand in 
der Untersuchung der physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen 
Prozesse, die die Kohlenstoffpumpen in verschiedenen biogeographischen 
Provinzen des Südpolarmeeres beeinflussen. Die physikalische 
Kohlenstoffpumpe wird im wesentlichen durch großräumigen Auftrieb von 
Tiefenwasser und Vermischungsprozesse in mesoskaligen Eddies getrieben, 
wodurch gleichzeitig das Phytoplankton in der Licht durchfluteten 
Oberflächenschicht mit Nährstoffen versorgt und somit die Grundlage für 
die Primärproduktion geschaffen wird. Ausgehend von der Primärproduktion 
treiben vielfältige Wechselwirkungen zwischen Pflanzen und Tieren im 
Nahrungsnetz die biologische Kohlenstoffpumpe, den Export organischen 
Materials in die tiefen Wasserschichten oder bis ins Sediment. 
Neben den physikalischen Zustandsvariablen und den Strömungen wurden 
Makronährstoffe (PO4, NO3, H4SiO4), Eisen, CO2-Fugazitt, gelöster 
anorganischer Kohlenstoff (DIC), Gesamtalkalinität (TA), transiente 
Spurenstoffe (FCKWs) und Isotope (He, Th, U) gemessen bzw. Proben 
genommen. Die biologische Beprobung umfasste u. a. Chlorophyll-a, 
partikulären organischen Kohlenstoff (POC), biogenes Silikat (BSi), 
gelöstes organisches Material (DOM), Primärproduktion, zahlreiche 
Fänge mit verschiedenen Netzen (Handnetz, Multinetz,RMT ) zur Bestimmung 
der Artenzusammensetzung des Phyto- und Zooplanktons und den Einsatz von 
treibenden Sinkstofffallen. Eine Verankerung mit zwei Sinkstofffallen 
wurde nordwestlich von Südgeorgien ausgebracht. 

Ziel der Forschungen im Rahmen von SYSTCO II (SYSTem COupling in the deep 
Southern Ocean II) war die Untersuchung von Kopplungsprozessen, bzw. der 
Frage nach der Veränderung der Phytoplanktonblüte durch die Wassersäule, 
von der Meeresoberfläche über das Zoo- und Mesoplankton bis in die 
abyssale Tiefsee. Diese Arbeiten wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den 
Kollegen des Eddy Pump Projektes durchgeführt und umfassten 
Untersuchungen (a) der Diversität, Verteilung und Häufigkeit von 
benthischen Tiefseeorganismen und deren Beziehung zur biologischen 
Produktivität in und zum Export von organischem Material aus der 
euphotischen Zone, (b) der Ökologie der Tiefseefauna und (c) der 
Erhaltung von DNS in der Wassersäule und in Tiefseesedimenten und das 
Potenzial von DNS zur Rekonstruktion der eukaryotischen Diversität heute 
und in der geologischen Vergangenheit. Zum Einsatz kamen Multicorer, 
Epibenthoschlitten und Agassiz-Trawls. 

Die beiden Forschungsprojekte ergänzten sich und daher fanden die 
Probennahmen in denselben biogeographischen Provinzen und teilweise sogar 
auf gemeinsamen Stationen statt. Die Stationsarbeiten waren am 7. März 
abgeschlossen und Polarstern lief nach Punta Arenas, Chile, wo die Reise 
am 11. März 2012 endete. 


SUMMARY AND ITINERARY 

On January 7, 2012 Polarstern left Capetown for the Antarctic cruise 
ANT.XXVIII/3. Major objectives were investigations in different 
biogeographic provinces of the Southern Ocean. Numerous hydrographic 
stations were carried out along a transect and within two grids. The 
route led southwest until 44°S and 10°E. A transect with hydrographic 
stations was conducted along 10°E until 53°S crossing the Subantarctic 
Front, the Antarctic Polar Front and the Southern Polar Front. During the 
transect the first large benthos station took place at 52°S. Passing 
stations at 52°S, 8°W and 52°S, 12°W the route led to the region around 
51°12'S, 12°40'W where we sampled a grid of stations for more than 2 
weeks. After a half-day visit at Grytviken (South Georgia) - combined 
with a visit at the station of the British Antarctic Survey - we steamed 
to the northwest of South Georgia. In the region around 50°S, 38°W a grid 
of 30 stations at intervals of 24 nautical miles was carried out. In the 
centre of a cyclonic mesoscale eddy at 49°40'S, 38°16'W a detailed 
sampling of the water column was performed in 5000 m water depth using 
all devices available. For the benthos sampling in this biogeographic 
province we chose a station at the southwest corner of the grid at 
50°48'W, 39°24'W. The local water depth of 4,100 m allows comparisons 
with prior benthos stations. During the whole cruise oceanographic and 
chemical measurements as well as investigations of the plankton and the 
deep-sea fauna were carried out. 

The objective of the studies in the framework of the project "Eddy Pump" 
was the investigation of the physical, chemical and biological processes 
having an impact on the carbon pumps in different biogeographical 
provinces of the Southern Ocean. 

The physical carbon pump is mainly driven by large-scale upwelling of 
deep-sea water and mixing processes in meso-scale eddies, simultaneously 
providing nutrients to the phytoplankton in the euphotic zone and thus 
establishing a basis for primary production. Based on the primary 
production, diverse interactions between plants and animals in the food 
web drive the biological carbon pump, the export of organic material to 
deeper water layers or to the sediment. In addition to the physical state 
variables and the circulation, macro nutrients (PO4, NO3, H4SiO4), iron, 
CO2 fugacity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), 
transient tracers (CFCs) and isotopes (He, Th, U) were measured or 
sampled, respectively. The biological sampling comprised a.o. 
chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon (POC), biogenic silica (BSi), 
dissolved organic material (DOM), primary production, numerous catches 
with different nets (hand net, multi-net, RMT) for determination of the 
species composition of the phytoplankton and zooplankton, and the 
deployment of drifting sediment traps. A mooring with two sediment traps 
was deployed northwest of South Georgia. 

The objective of the studies in the framework of SYSTCO II (SYSTem 
Coupling in the deep Southern Ocean II) was the investigation of coupling 
processes, questions of changes in the phytoplankton bloom throughout the 
water column, from the sea surface via zooplankton and mesoplankton to 
the abyssal sea. These studies were carried out in close cooperation with 
the colleagues of the Eddy Pump Project and comprised investigations of 
a) diversity, distribution of abundance of benthic deep-sea organisms and 
their impact on the biological productivity in and on the export of 
organic material from the euphotic zone, b) the ecology of the deep-sea 
fauna and c) the conservation of DNA in the water column and in deep-sea 
sediments and the potential of DNA to reconstruct the eukaryotic 
diversity today and in the geological past. Multicorer, epibenthic sledge 
and Aggasiz-Trawl were used for sampling. 

As the two research projects were complementary the sampling took place 
in the same biogeographic provinces and partly even at joint stations. 
The station work was finished at March 7 and Polarstern sailed to Punta 
Arenas, Chile, where the cruise ended on March 11, 2012. 


Abb. 1: Fahrtverlauf Polarstern-Expedition ANT-XXVIII/3 
Fig. 1: Cruise track Polarstern-expedition ANT-XXVIII/3 



2. WEATHER CONDITIONS 

   Max Miller, Klaus Buldt                      DWD 


On January 7, 2012 (6:00 pm), RV Polarstern left Cape Town for the 
campaign ANT-XXVIII/3. Just at that moment the south-easterly wind called 
"Cape Doctor" increased to around 8 Bft but just off the harbour (in the 
lee of the mountains) the wind abated abruptly down to 3 Bft. A short 
time later the wind increased just as fast up to 8 Bft again. Along with 
this we observed a swell of 2 to 3 m. As expected wind and swell 
decreased as we departed from the continent. 

On Jan. 8, RV Polarstern crossed a ridge of the subtropical high and on 
Jan. 9 a first cold front passed our course. As we were located only at 
the edge of the low the wind hardly reached 6 Bft. During the next days 
the west wind zone remained quite moderate so that 8 Bft was measured 
only for short periods. 

On Jan. 14, the first storm approached. Westerly wind of 10 Bft and a 
swell of 7 m forced an interruption of scientific work for half a day. 
From Jan. 15, onward a rapid change of lows and ridges dominated the 
following days. 

A new strong low with storm around 9 Bft reached us on Jan. 24. As 
scientific work at 53S 10E had just been finished the upcoming wind 
slowed down our progress to west. But steaming into the following ridge 
we could nearly make up the loss of time. 

In the afternoon of Jan. 26, we reached the next research area at 52°S 
08°W, where we stayed for 24 hours. The continuation of our way west was 
affected by another storm with temporary 10 Bft. In the evening of Jan. 
28, we reached the position 52S 12W and the storm had mostly subsided. 
For the next three weeks RV Polarstern stayed in this area. During the 
first days there was a rapid change of secondary lows and ridges and 
therefore the wind veered from northwest to southwest and back but did 
not exceed 7 Bft. However, on Feb. 7 a storm developed and for short 
times wind force 10 was observed. For some days we still had stormy 
conditions with westerly wind around 8 Bft. But the swell did not exceed 
4 m due to the relatively short forcing by the wind. Until the end of 
work at this area we measured a mean wind of 6 to 7 Bft and temporarily 9 
Bft with a maximum swell of 3 m. 

On Feb. 19, we headed for the next area at 51S 30W. There we came under 
the influence of a ridge and on Feb. 20, the wind (around 5 Bft) veered 
to east Рa rare event during this expedition. But on Feb. 21, the well 
known westerly wind was present again and increased up to 7 with 8 Bft in 
times. 

Due to good conditions for a visit of South Georgia we made a detour on 
our way to a further research area (around 50S 37W). After the visit we 
observed typical "April weather" at the western edge of a low: south-
westerly wind of 6 to 7 Bft and a rapid change of sunny spells and snow 
showers. Later on a high at the Falklands moved east and caused abating 
wind. However, a new storm followed soon. The wind increased and on Feb. 
27, we measured 8 Bft and a swell of 4 m was observed. On Feb. 29 another 
high approached from the west and became the dominant feature with less 
wind and plenty of sunshine. 

On Monday morning (Mar. 5) the final part of the expedition to Punta 
Arenas started under foggy conditions. North-westerly wind led warmer and 
moist air into our area which in connection with cold water caused the 
fog. The visibility improved with an approaching frontal zone and the 
wind increased up to 7 Bft. We stopped at 53°40'S 52°W for some hours for 
a last scientific research. Over the last miles to Punta Arenas the 
westerly wind increased only for short times up to 8 Bft and the swell 
didn't exceed 3 m. 

On Saturday (Mar. 10) we sailed into the eastern entrance of the Strait 
of Magellan and on Sunday morning, March 11 2012 Polarstern reached Punta 
Arenas on schedule at temporarily fresh wind from east. 

For further statistics see the following figures. 




EDDY PUMP 


A multi-disciplinary project to study processes which exert a control on 
the physical and biological pumps of carbon in the Southern Ocean 


Introduction 

The Southern Ocean is critically involved in the machinery driving earth's 
climate. Its major feature is the broad ring of cold water - the 
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) - which encircles Antarctica and 
connects all the other oceans. Thus, it plays a major role in the global 
heat and freshwater transports and ocean-wide cycles of biogenic elements 
and harbours a series of unique and distinct ecosystems. Due to the 
upwelling of deep-water masses from all ocean basins in the Antarctic 
Divergence, there is a high supply of natural CO2 as well as of 
macronutrients, and surface nutrient concentrations are the highest 
worldwide in the open ocean. Despite the supply of macronutrients, 
phytoplankton concentration is generally low, limited either by lack of 
the trace nutrient iron, insufficient light due to deep wind-mixed layers 
or grazing by zooplankton, or by a combination of those causes. 

While the important role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle 
is undisputed, controversially debated is whether it will change from a 
CO2 sink to a source with changing climate. The magnitude and even the 
direction of such change depends on shifts of the delicate balance 
between the physical carbon pump, associated with the meridional 
overturning circulation, and the biological pump, fueled by the uptake of 
CO2 through photosynthesis of the phytoplankton near the sea surface and 
the subsequent sedimentation of organic particles. A complex interaction 
of physical, chemical and biological processes thus regulates, whether 
the Southern Ocean will attenuate or amplify greenhouse-gas driven 
changes of climate. 

In order to identify those processes and their coupling we concentrated 
on the band of latitudes between 50S and 60S where the upwelled deep-
water masses interact with the atmosphere before they are ultimately 
subducted at the Sub-Antarctic Front. To enable the effect of circulation 
and mixing on the carbon pumps during a significant part of the growth 
season to be revealed, the process studies were preferentially conducted 
within eddies, which were tracked starting before and during the cruise 
using satellite remote sensing of sea surface high anomalies and ocean 
colour. These study sites were also selected so that they would represent 
different biogeographic provinces presumed to replace each other zonally 
along the ACC in the Atlantic sector. Due to ship-time constraints and 
actual satellite information, the sites were - in slight deviation from 
the original planning - chosen to represent 


1. the central ACC with its regular separation in different frontal jets 
   (investigated by a meridional transect along 10E), 

2. a transient months-long lasting large-scale bloom that occurred west 
   of 10°W adjacent to chlorophyll-poor waters to the east, and 

3. the region in the wake of South Georgia, which regularly features a 
   dense bloom presumably dominated by diatoms of the taxon Chaetoceros, 
   known to be a carbon sinker, that contrasts to the presumed dominance 
   of the diatom species Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, a known silicon 
   sinker, in the open ACC. 


Taking into account the complexity of the Southern Ocean marine climate 
and ecosystem and of the interaction of the various physical, chemical 
and biological processes, Eddy Pump was designed to integrate the 
different relevant disciplines and to exploit their synergy potential by 
focusing on a common goal. The wide spectrum of disciplines and 
approaches involved includes: 
 
• Physical Oceanography (site selection using remote and in-situ data; 
  atmospheric forcing, stratification, vertical mixing and their 
  influence on the critical light depth for phytoplankton growth; 
  mesoscale dynamics of frontal meanders and eddies, upwelling and 
  subduction; advection of water masses and of dissolved and particulate 
  substances) 

 
• Marine Chemistry (air-sea fluxes of CO2; dissolved inorganic and 
  organic carbon; oxygen; macro and micro nutrients such as Fe; He-based 
  estimates of deepwater upwelling; transient tracer distributions 
  revealing the ventilation of the intermediate and deep ocean layers) 

 
• Biological Oceanography (phytoplankton: spatial and temporal changes in 
  concentration, species composition, primary production, particulate 
  organic carbon, biogenic silica; growth response to variations in micro 
  and macro nutrients, ambient CO2 and acidity; zooplankton: spatial and 
  temporal changes in concentration, species composition, feeding rates 
  and fecal pellet production, trophic interaction and food-web 
  structures) 
 
• Marine Geochemistry (radio-isotope-based estimates of export 
  production, quantification of fluxes of particulate organic matter 
  (POM)) 

• Satellite Remote Sensing of Ocean Colour (phytoplankton pigment 
  concentrations; solar irradiance balance). 


The specific objectives of the various disciplines, their work conducted 
and the obtained preliminary results are described in detail in separate 
paragraphs following below. 



Data Management 

Data collected for physical oceanography as described in chapters 3.1.2 
through 3.1.5 will be copied to the data centre WDC-MARE/PANGAEA 
(http://www.pangaea. de/) after post-cruise calibration and validation. 
Within two years of the end of the cruise the data deposited at PANGAEA 
will be made available to the international scientific community and the 
general public. 

The complete meta-data have been submitted to the DOD at the end of the 
cruise included in the Cruise Summary Report. 



3.  PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY  

    Volker Strass(1), Matthew Donnelly(2),      1 AWI
    Rainer Graupner(3), Matthias Krer(4),       2 SoES
    Harry Leach(2), Hartmut Prandke(5),         3 OPTIMARE
    Hendrik Sander(3)                           4 IfM-GEOMAR  
                                                5 ISW Wassermesstechnik  


Objectives 

The oceanographic measurements carried out within the framework of 
EddyPump were aimed at three objectives. 

Objective 1: Identify, within the envisaged three different biogeographic 
regimes, suitable sites for carrying out the planned multidisciplinary 
observational efforts. 

The measurements aimed at this site identification were mainly made by 
use of a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VM-ADCP) and a 
CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth sonde). The in-situ measurements 
obtained from this instrument package were used for validation of a-
priori information about the geostrophic eddy flow field derived from sea 
surface height anomalies, which were remotely sensed by satellite-mounted 
altimeters and made publically available through the internet 
(http://argo.colorado.edu/~realtime/gsfc_global-real-time_ssh/) and 
validation of maps of the sea surface chlorophyll concentration, produced 
from satellite ocean colour data by A. Bracher and T. Dinter, AWI 
PHYTOOPTICS Group. 

Objective 2: Monitor the motion of water masses though the study sites. 
The primary instruments used for that purpose were surface drifters (SVP 
drifters) drogued at mid-depth of the mixed layer. 

Objective 3: Provide a detailed description of the physical environment 
of the phytoplankton and zooplankton at the experimental site, and to 
provide the basic measurements needed for estimating fluxes of 
particulate and dissolved, inorganic and organic matter. 

Numerous casts of a CTD sonde, attached to a rosette water sampler, were 
done for hydrographic profiling from the surface to intermediate and 
occasionally full ocean depths. The CTD rosette sampler also was the 
major tool for supplying the various scientific disciplines on board with 
water samples. By performing - at some sites repeated - CTD surveys it 
was possible to map the three-dimensional distribution of those variables 
and their change in time. 

Measurements of currents by the vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current 
profiler (VM-ADCP) were continuously made throughout the cruise and 
processed aboard to monitor the three-dimensional velocity field in the 
upper few hundred meters. 

A pair of lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers (L-ADCP) attached to 
the CTD rosette frame was used to record velocity profiles from the sea 
surface down to the sea floor at deep CTD stations. 
 
A tethered free-falling microstructure probe (MSS) was employed for 
profiling small-scale turbulent motions down to 300 m depth. From these 
data the vertical distributions of turbulence parameters like overturning 
scales and energy dissipation rates can be determined and subsequently 
the vertical diffusivity estimated. The so-determined vertical 
diffusivity is essential for calculation of the diffusive fluxes 
of dissolved substances, needed to estimate the budgets of nutrients and 
carbon. 

Autonomous floats provided by cooperating institutions were deployed at 
several locations along the cruise track and will allow monitor the 
larger-scale thermohaline water mass properties and circulation in the 
upper 2,000 m for up to some years beyond the end of the voyage. 


3.1.  Physical Oceanography: Measurements at hydrographic stations 

      Volker Strass(1), Matthew Donnelly(2),     1 AWI 
      Rainer Graupner(3), Matthias Krer(4),      2 SoES 
      Harry Leach(2), Hartmut Prandke(5),        3 OPTIMARE 
      Hendrik Sander(3)                          4 IfM-GEOMAR 
                                                 5 ISW Wassermesstechnik 


Work at sea 

Vertical profiles of the variables of state, of temperature, salinity and 
density, were derived from measurements made by lowering a CTD 
(Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) sonde at hydrographic stations. The 
CTD used was of type Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911plus, supplemented by an 
oxygen sensor type SBE 43 and additional instruments such as an altimeter 
(Benthos PSA-916) to measure the distance to the sea floor, a 
transmissiometer type Wet Labs C-Star (660 nm wavelength) to measure the 
attenuation of light, which in the open ocean is indicative of the 
concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC), and a chlorophyll-
sensitive fluorometer (WET Labs ECO FL). The temperature and conductivity 
sensors (two pairs of sensors) were calibrated at the factory prior to 
the cruise. They were sent to the manufacturer after the cruise for re-
calibration. The CTD data, as well as the data taken by the additional 
sensors and instruments, at present are thus to be considered 
preliminary, subject to a later correction for possible temporal drifts 
and to calibration in absolute units. The accuracy of the preliminary CTD 
temperature and salinity measurements is estimated better than 0.01C and 
0.01, respectively. 

The CTD was mounted with a multi-bottle water sampler type Sea-Bird SBE 
32 Carousel holding 22 12-liter bottles. (Whereas the SBE 32 Carousel 
nominally can carry 24 12-liter bottles, 2 of those bottle places were 
occupied by the L-ADCP frame.) Salinity derived from the CTD measurements 
will later be re-calibrated by comparison to salinity samples taken from 
the water bottles, which were analyzed by use of an Optimare Precision 
Salinometer (OPS) to an accuracy generally better than 0.001 units on the 
practical salinity scale, adjusted to IAPSO Standard Seawater. The water 
bottles also served to supply several other working groups on board with 
samples. Water samples have, for instance, been taken to be analyzed for 
the concentrations of oxygen, of the plant nutrients nitrate, phosphate 
and silicate, of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, of 
particulate organic carbon (POC) and of phytoplankton pigments such as 
chlorophyll, of isotopes of Helium, Thorium and Uranium, and of transient 
anthropogenic tracers such as CFCs and SF6. The bottle data of oxygen, 
POC and chlorophyll will, once finally analyzed, be also used for the 
calibration of the respective CTD sensors and instruments. 

Several technical problems with the CTD system encountered during the 
cruise made necessary change partly the configuration. The CTD sonde (SBE 
911plus) had to be changed (done on 01 Jan. 2012) in order to reduce the 
noise of the oxygen sensor to an acceptable normal level. Since the 
altimeter hardly delivered any useful data at distances larger than 10 m 
above the sea floor it was dismounted and replaced by a bottom contact 
weight. It is possible that the malfunction of the altimeter resulted 
from acoustic interference with the L-ADCP. 


Fig. 3.1.1: Vertical distributions between the sea surface and 1,000 m 
            depth of potential temperature (top), salinity (middle) and 
            chlorophyll fluorescence (bottom) along the 10°E transect 
            from 44°S to 53°S. The strong horizontal gradients of 
            temperature and salinity at intermediate depth centered at 
            47°S, 49°20'S and 52°20'S are related to the Subantarctic 
            Front, the Antarctic Polar Front and the Southern Polar 
            Front, respectively. The warm and saline surface-intensified 
            feature between 45S and 46S reveals an anticyclone of 
            subtropical origin. 


Preliminary results 

In total, 164 CTD casts were done during EddyPump. The first 45 of these 
were performed at hydrographic stations aligned along the 10E meridian. 
The majority of the other casts were spread over two CTD station grids, 
one termed Eddy1 station grid (see Table 3.1.1.1) centred around 51°12'S, 
12°40'W within a large-scale open-ocean phytoplankton bloom and the other 
located to the north off South Georgia (see Table 3.1.1.2). The remaining 
CTD casts were done at Station PS79/85 (52°S, 8°W) located in a 
chlorophyll-poor open-ocean region and at St. PS79/86 (52°S, 12°W) to 
provide water column data in support of later interpretation of benthic 
samples taken there in the framework of the SYSTCO-II project. 


Tab. 3.1.1: ANT-XXVIII/3 EddyPump: Eddy1 Station Grid during PS79 

      A          B            C            D           E  
—  ————————   ————————   ————————————   ————————   —————————   ———————
8  daytrip    daytrip         -            -           -       50°12'S 
   Sts: 132   Sts: 131
   He         He 

7  daytrip    daytrip         -            -           -       50°24'S
   Sts: 133   Sts: 130
   He         He   

6  daytrip    daytrip         -            -           -       50°36'S  
   Sts: 134   Sts: 129
   He         He, Th  

5  Corner 
   northwest  Grid out   North out      Grid out   Corner      50°48'S
   Sts: 108   Sts: 109   Sts: 93, 116   Sts: 117   northeast 
                         Th                        Sts: 126    

4  Grid out   Grid in    North in       Grid in    Grid in     51°00'S 
   Sts: 107   Sts: 110   Sts: 92, 115   Sts: 137   Sts: 125
                         He             Sts: 118    

3  West out   West in    Core           East in    East out    51°12'S 
   Sts: 106   Sts: 111   Sts: 91, 98,   Sts: 96,   Sts: 95,
   He, Th                114, 128,      119        124
                         136, 140 
                         He, Th         He, Th     Th   

2  Grid out   Grid in    South in       Grid in    Grid in     51°24'S
   Sts: 105   Sts: 112   Sts: 101       Sts: 120   Sts: 123  

1  Corner     Grid out   South out      Grid out   Corner      51°36'S 
   southwest  Sts: 103   Sts: 102       Sts: 121   southeast 
   Sts: 104              He, Th                    Sts: 122 

   13°20'W    13°00'W    12°40'W         12°20'W    12°00'W  
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
   An additional Lagrangian Station, no. PS79/137, was located rows 4-5 / 
   columns D-E, following the track of the buoy deployed earlier at the 
   core. 


Fig. 3.1.2: Horizontal distribution of density st  at 300 m depth in the 
            Eddy1 grid, based on CTD stations 98, 101 Р112 and 115 - 126 
            for synopticity reasons. The density contours also imply the 
            geostrophic flow field, with streamlines running parallel to 
            the density contours and the flow direction oriented in a way 
            that the light water is located to the left (southern hemis-
            phere). The flow speeds measured by the VM-ADCP (Section o.3) 
            in the mapped area however were rather low and hardly 
            exceeded 30 cm s(^-1). 


Tab. 3.1.2: ANT-XXVIII/3 EddyPump: South Georgia Basin Station Grid 

       G          H          I           J          K  
—  —————————   ————————   ————————   ————————   ———————————   ———————
6  APF         APF        APF        High Chl   High Chl      48°48'S
   meander     meander    meander    Filament   Filament 
   Sts: 167    Sts: 168   Sts: 171   Sts: 150   Sts: 149 
                          He  

5  Low Chl     Low Chl    Low Chl    Low Chl    Moderate      49°12'S
   Filament    Filament   Filament   Filament   Chl
   Sts: 166    Sts: 169   Sts: 172   Sts: 151   Sts: 148  

4  Moderate    NW in      North in   NE in      Anticyclone   49°36'S 
   Chl         Sts: 170   Sts: 173   Sts: 152   Core 
   Sts: 165    Th         He, Th     Th         Sts: 147
   He, Th                                       He, Th 

3  Blue West   West in    Cyclone    East in    Anticyc.      50°00'S
   Sts: 164    Sts: 159   Core       Sts: 153   Protrusion 
                          Sts: 158              Sts: 146  

2  Blue West   SW in      South in   SE in      Anticyc.      50°24'S 
   Sts: 163    Sts: 160   Sts: 157   Sts: 154   Protrusion 
                          He                    Sts: 145 

1  Max. Chl    Max. Chl   Max. Chl   SE rim     Anticyc.      50°48'S
   Sts: 162,   Sts: 161   Sts: 156   Sts: 155   Protrusion 
   175                                          Sts: 144  

   39°24'W     38°48'W    38°12'W     3736' W    37°00'W  
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Final Core Station PS79/174 located rows 3-4 / columns H-I. 



3.2  Physical Oceanography: Helium sampling for assessment of upwelling 

     Matthew Donnelly(1), Volker Strass(2)      1 SoES 
     not on board:                              2 IUP Univ. Bremen 
     Oliver Huhn(2), Monika Rhein(2)            3 AWI 


Work at sea 

During ANT-XXVIII/3 a total of 305 helium samples were obtained out of a 
potential 306 sample tubes: one tube was found to be corroded. Of the 305 
samples taken, 8 tubes are potentially compromised owing to the shearing 
of bolts or the detachment of the plastic tube whilst closing the bottom 
bolts; however all of these samples are sealed and therefore available 
for analysis. A further 4 samples may have been compromised by initially 
unknown interference with other samplers of the Niskin bottles. Due to 
the demand for water from the Niskin bottles, helium sampling at some 
stations was undertaken across two casts. 


Preliminary results 

The helium sampling was primarily focused on two eddy regions. Two 
stations were surveyed on the approach to the first eddy in high and low 
chlorophyll areas. At the first eddy a 5-station star survey was 
conducted, followed by an intensive 6 station north-western extension of 
the survey grid. The centre of the star was surveyed twice. In addition, 
the final station at the first eddy region was also surveyed. At the 
second eddy region north of South Georgia, there was another 5 station 
star survey. The stations at which helium samples were taken are 
indicated in Tables 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. 

The samples taken will be used to calculate helium isotope disequilibria. 
Variations in the ratio of 3He, which is introduced into the deep ocean 
by hydrothermal activities, and 4He allow estimation of deepwater 
upwelling rates and of the entrainment in the mixed layer. It is expected 
that the so-determined upwelling and entrainment rates, which will be 
analyzed in combination with the microstructure turbulence measurements 
described below in Section 3.5, will significantly contribute to 
constrain estimates of exchange rates between deep water and mixed-layer 
water mass properties in the Atlantic sector of the ACC. 



3.3  Physical Oceanography: En-route measurements of currents and   
     backscatter strength with the vessel-mounted acoustic doppler 
     current profiler (VM-ADCP) 

     Volker Strass(1),                          1 AWI 
     Hendrik Sander(2)                          2 OPTIMARE 


Work at sea 

Vertical profiles of ocean currents down to 335 m depth were measured 
with a Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (type 'Ocean 
Surveyor'; manufacture of RDI, 150 kHz nominal frequency) nearly 
continuously when outside territorial waters. The transducer was 
installed 11 m below the water line in the ship's keel behind an 
acoustically transparent plastic window for ice protection. Echoes 
reflected by particles moving relative to the ADCP return with a change 
in frequency. The ADCP measures this change, the so-called Doppler shift, 
as a function of depth to obtain water velocity at a maximum of 128 depth 
levels. The instrument settings for this cruise were chosen to give a 
vertical resolution of current measurements of 4 m in 80 depth bins and a 
temporal resolution of 2 min for short time averages. 

Determination of the velocity components in geographical coordinates, 
however, requires that the attitude of the ADCP transducer head, its 
tilt, heading and motion is also known. Heading, roll and pitch data are 
read by the ADCP deck-unit from the ship's gyro platforms. The ship's 
velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained from the Global 
Positioning System (GPS) or Differential GPS if available, and was taken 
over from the ship's navigation system. A timeout error of the navigation 
data interface resulted in a data gap of several hours during 03. Feb. 
2012. 

Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the 
position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a 
misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centre-line and a constant 
angular offset between the transducer and the GPS antenna array, and a 
velocity scale factor. The ADCP data calibration and processing was done 
by using the CODAS3 software package (developed by E. Firing and 
colleagues, SOEST, Hawaii). 

The ADCP also recorded the echo intensity, or backscatter strength, which 
can be analyzed in order to provide an estimate of zooplankton abundance. 
This estimate will be compared with the zooplankton abundance data 
derived from net catches. 


Preliminary results 

Horizontal current speeds measured by the VM-ADCP around 150 m depth 
ranged between 30 and 50 cm/s at the major fronts crossed along 10E, 
typical for those jets. Currents within the Eddy1 Station Grid were found 
to be rather slow, generally not exceeding 20 cm/s, and temporally 
variable. Very high speeds of up to 130 cm/s were measured at the 
northern edge of the South Georgia Basin. 



3.4  Physical Oceanography: Ocean-deep current profiles measured by a 
     lowered acoustic doppler current profiler (L-ADCP) 

     Volker Strass(1), Matthew Donnelly(2),     1 AWI 
     Harry Leach(2), Hendrik Sander(3)          2 SoES 
                                                3 OPTIMARE 


Work at sea 

Current velocities over the full water column from the sea surface to the 
ocean floor were recorded with a lowered acoustic Doppler current 
profiler (L-ADCP), consisting of an upward/downward looking pair of RDI 
Workhorse Sentinels 300 kHz attached to the CTD rosette frame. While the 
L-ADCP was mounted on the CTD-rosette for the duration of the cruise, it 
was not activated for all casts, in particular not for many of those 
casts which extended to only 500 m or less. The L-ADCP dataset includes a 
mixture of full depth, 3,000 m, 1,500 m, 1,000 m and 500 m casts. A total 
of 109 useable L-ADCP profiles were obtained, although processing of the 
L-ADCP is still ongoing at the time of writing and the total number of 
successful casts is subject to change. During processing of the L-ADCP 
data it was discovered that the PC used for the data retrieval had 
unfortunately been set at some earlier date to UTC + 2hr. The L-ADCP data 
time-stamp was therefore offset by 2 hours from all other measurements on 
board which are referenced to UTC. For the data processing the IFM-
GEOMAR/LDEO Matlab LADCP-Processing system, maintained by Gerd Krahmann 
and generously made publicly available through 
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ladcp/, was employed. 


Preliminary results 

Of the 32 profiles which have been successfully processed to date, the 
range of the depth-mean u and v components is as follows:

 
u   = -11 cms-1   u   = 25 cms-1   v   = -28 cms-1   v   = 51 cms-1 
 min               max              min               max


However, so far only the position data have been taken into account in 
the processing, but not yet the CTD and VM-ADCP records. 



3.5  Physical Oceanography: Microstructure turbulence measurements 

     Hartmut Prandke(1), Matthias Krer(2),      1 ISW Wassermesstechnik 
     Volker Strass(3)                           2 IfM-GEOMAR 
                                                3 AWI 


Work at sea 

Turbulence measurements have been carried out at selected stations within 
the framework of the Eddy Pump programme. For the microstructure 
measurements the microstructure profiler MSS90L (long version, serial No. 
MSS10, owned by ISW) was used. The MSS profiler is produced by Sea & Sun 
Technology GmbH in co-operation with ISW Wassermesstechnik. 

The MSS profiler is a free-falling tethered instrument for simultaneous 
microstructure and precision measurements of physical parameters in 
marine and limnic waters. It is equipped with microstructure shear 
sensors (for turbulence measurements), a microstructure temperature 
sensor, standard CTD sensors, a Seapoint turbidity sensor, and 
housekeeping sensors (acceleration, tilt of the instrument). The sampling 
rate for all sensors is 1,024 samples per second, the resolution is 16 
bit. The data are transmitted via electrical cable to an on board unit 
and further to a data acquisition PC. 

The MSS was balanced with negative buoyancy which gave it a sinking 
velocity of about 0.75 m/s. The MSS was operated using a special winch 
(SWM1000). Disturbing effects caused by cable tension (vibrations) and 
the ship's movement are excluded by a slack in the cable. The winch was 
placed at the aft of the ship (port side). During the MSS measurements, 
the ship was going with a speed between 0.5 and 1 knot in the water 
against the wind and waves. Thus, the ship was actively moving away from 
the sinking profiler. 

The raw data from the MSS Profiler were transmitted via a RS 485 data 
link to the on board unit of the measuring system. For the data 
acquisition, on-line display, and storage of the data on a notebook the 
Standard Data Acquisition software SDA (Sea & Sun Technology GmbH) was 
used. The data are stored in the MRD (Microstructure Raw Data) format at 
hard disk. Quick-look data processing has been carried out after each 
station using the data processing software MSSpro (ISW 
Wassermesstechnik). 


Preliminary results 

The aim of the measurements was to study vertical mixing due to small 
scale turbulence and stratification in the top layer and the intermediate 
cold winter water. This required an operation of the profiler from the 
surface to approx. 300 m depth. With respect to the intermittence of 
marine turbulence, a burst sampling strategy was applied. At each station 
a burst of 5 profiles was taken. 

During ANT-XXVIII/3 microstructure measurements have been carried out at 
31 stations. In total, 156 profiles were measured in a depth range 
between approx. 10 and 350 m. A MSS station overview is given in the 
Table 3.5.1 below. 


Tab. 3.5.1: MSS Stations during PS79 

       Station/    Date       MSS Nr.    Latitude     Longitude 
       MSS cast                          (begin of    (begin of
                                          station)     station)  
       ————————  ——————————  —————————  ———————————  ———————————
        085/05   26.01.2012    1 - 6    52°  0.08'S   7° 59.98'W  
        086/03   29.01.2012    7 - 11   51° 59.76'S  11° 59.35'W  
        091/08   03.02.2012   12 - 16   51° 13.22'S  12° 40.79'W  
        092/02   04.02.2012   17 - 21   51° 00.20'S  12° 38.22'W  
        093/03   04.02.2012   22 - 26   50° 47.88'S  12° 39.63'W  
        095/02   05.02.2012   27 - 31   51° 11.52'S  11° 69.93'W  
        096/02   05.02.2012   32 - 36   51° 12.09'S  12° 19.83'W  
        098/08   06.02.2012   37 - 41   51° 12.18'S  12° 39.80'W  
        101/03   06.02.2012   42 - 46   51° 24.76'S  12° 37.97'W  
        102/02   07.02.2012   47 - 51   51° 36.55'S  12° 38.51'W  
        104/02   07.02.2012   52 - 56   51° 36.40'S  13° 19.15'W  
        106/03   07.02.2012   57 - 61   51° 12.01'S  13° 19.46'W  
        111/03   08.02.1012   62 - 66   51° 11.89'S  12° 59.98'W  
        114/08   09.02.2012   67 - 71   51° 11.83'S  12° 40.28'W  
        115/03   09.02.2012   72 - 76   50° 59.88'S  12° 39.68'W  
        116/03   09.02.2012   77 - 81   50° 47.02'S  12° 38.57'W  
        119/02   10.02.2012   82 - 86   51° 12.52'S  12° 19.89'W  
        122/04   10.02.2012   87 - 91   51° 36.35'S  12° 00.68'W  
        124/02   11.02.2012   92 - 96   51° 12.01'S  12° 00.37'W  
        126/03   11.02.2012   97 - 101  50° 48.10'S  12° 00.19'W  
        128/06   12.02.2012  102 - 106  51° 12,14'S  12° 38.92'W  
        136/09   14.02.2012  107 - 111  51° 12.15'S  12° 39.15'W  
        137/09   15.02.2012  112 - 116  51° 02.10'S  12° 10.67'W  
        139/11   16.02.2012  117 - 121  50° 59.99'S  12° 59.88'W  
        140/06   16.02.2012  122 - 126  51° 12.51'S  12° 39.18'W  
        165/02   28.02.2012  127 - 131  49° 32.76'S  39° 22.29'W  
        174/04    1.03.2012  132 - 136  49° 39.73'S  38° 16.15'W  
        174/12    2.03.2012  137 - 141  49° 37,28'S  38° 19.54'W  
        174/16    2.03.2012  142 - 146  49° 36.86'S  38° 21.39'W  
        174/21    2.03.2012  147 - 151  49° 35.83'S  38° 22.86'W  
        174/24    2.03.2012  152 - 156  49° 33.26'S  38° 25.02'W  



3.6  Physical Oceanography: Tracking the drift of mixed-layer 
     waters by use of drogued surface buoys 

     Volker Strass(1), Rainer Graupner(2)       1 AWI 
                                                2 OPTIMARE 


Work at sea 

In order to track the drift of the near-surface waters through our main 
study sites a total of 4 MetOcean SVP-Iridium drifters were deployed. 
These consist of a spherical surface buoy of 40 cm diameter, equipped 
with GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver and Iridium satellite data 
transmitter, which is tethered to a 5.3 m long and 60 cm diameter wide 
drogue of holey sock style centred at 15 m depth. This setup assures that 
the drift of the surface buoy is determined by the flow at roughly mid-
depth of the mixed layer. 


Preliminary results 

The deployment dates and positions are given in Table 3.6.1. The position 
data of the drifters were received by JouBeh Technologies Inc. and 
provided at their WebSite, from where they were copied on board via 
Polarsternճ internet connection. 


Tab. 3.6.1: Deployments of drogued surface drifters 

Name    Inst.  IMEI      Date      Time    Lat. S     Lon. W    Transmis.
         ID          (yyyy/mm/dd)  (UTC)                        interval  
—————  ——————  ————  ————————————  —————  —————————  —————————  —————————
Buoy1  D02613  3002   2012/01/31   15:05  51°59.05'  12°00.06'    20 min 
               3401 
               0672 
                650   
Buoy2  D026HZ  3002   2012/02/05   20:03  51°12.36'  12°39.62'    20 min
               3401 
               0775 
                110  
Buoy3  D0278X  3002   2012/03/01   14:11  49°39.32'  38°17.21'    20 min 
               3401 
               0778 
                530 
Buoy4  D0253P  3002   2012/02/27   04:04  49°59.91'  38°13.09'     1 h 
               3401 
               0870 
                150 


Fig. 3.6.1: Horizontal distribution of density st at 300 m depth in the 
            station grid north of South Georgia. The density contours 
            also imply the geostrophic flow field, with streamlines 
            running parallel to the density contours and the flow 
            direction oriented in a way that the light water is located 
            to the left. The flow speeds measured by the VM-ADCP(Section 
            3.3) in the northwest corner of the mapped area exceeded 100 
            cm s-1. 



4.  SAMOC: SOUTH ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE 
    -  MULTIANNUAL OBSERVATIONS BY PROFILING FLOATS 

    Volker Strass(1), Rainer Graupner(2)        1 AWI 
    not on board:                               2 OPTIMARE 
    Sabrina Speich(3), N. Lebreton(4),          3 LPO 
    H. Giese(5), M. Stawarz(5)                  4 SHOM 
                                                5 BSH 


Objectives 

For monitoring changes of water mass properties and ocean currents beyond 
the end of the survey, 10 autonomous profiling floats were deployed 
during the voyage. Fostering inter-institutional and international 
cooperation, six of these floats of type Apex were provided by the 
Bundesanstalt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), Hamburg, and four 
floats of type ARVOR were provided by the Laboratoire de Physique des 
Ocans (LPO), CNRS-IFREMER-IRD-UBO, Brest, France. The deployment times 
and positions are given in Table 4.1. 


Work at sea 

The general mission parameters of these floats, which are equipped with 
CTD sensors, are to record one vertical profile between 2,000 m and the 
surface every 10 days, transmit the data and float positions via 
satellite, and while resting between profiling dates drift with the flow 
at the parking depth of 1,500 m. Depending on battery capacity and energy 
usage, and unforeseeable incidents, a float's mission can last for several 
years. 


Preliminary results 

The data collected by these floats will contribute to the international 
Argo programme, aimed at obtaining a continuous global coverage of in-
situ CTD data from a target number of a total of 3,000 floats deployed in 
the world ocean at any 
time. 


Tab. 4.1: Float deployments 

Type    Inst. ID        Date      Time   Latitude   Longitude  Accompanying 
                    (yyyy/mm/dd)  (UTC)     S           W      CTD Profile  
—————  ———————————  ————————————  —————  —————————  —————————  ————————————
Apex      5920       2012/01/26   23:40   51°59.95'  08°00.07'  PS79/85-09  
Apex      5921       2012/01/29   22:11   52°00.04'  12°00.24'  PS79/86-06  
Apex      5922       2012/02/13   08:41   50°11.75'  13°20.05'  PS79/132-01   
Apex      5923       2012/02/13   14:53   50°36.07'  13°19.87'  PS79/134-01   
Apex      5924       2012/02/25   01:06   50°23.61'  36°59.92'  PS79/145-01  
Apex      5925       2012/02/27   04:00   49°59.98'  38°13.10'  PS79/158-01  
ARVOR  OIN-10.AR-01  2012/02/15   09:05   50°59.99'  12°08.69'  PS79/137-10  
ARVOR  OIN-10.AR-03  2012/02/17   10:03   51°11.39'  12°39.76'  PS79/140-07  
ARVOR  OIN-10.AR-05  2012/02/28   07:35   49°59.92'  39°24.07'  PS79/164-01  
ARVOR  OIN-08.AR-07  2012/02/29   23:44   48°47.76'  38°08.77'  PS79/171-01  


Data management 

The float data are directly transmitted to the Argo data system, through 
which they are made freely available at real-time. The ARVOR data in 
addition will constitute a major contribution to the international 
programme SAMOC (South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) 
coordinated by S. Speich. 



5.  CARBON DIOXIDE, NUTRIENTS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND TRANSIENT TRACERS 
    DYNAMICS DURING ҅DDY PUMPӠ

5.1  Carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity 

     Elizabeth Jones(1), Lesley Salt(1),        1 NIOZ
     Judith Hauck(2)                            2 AWI
     not on board: Mario Hoppema(2), 
     Hein J.W. de Baar(1) 


Objectives 

The oceans and the climate system appear to be changing in many different 
aspects. The increasing westerlies in the Southern Ocean are recent 
exponents of this phenomenon. This may have consequences for the uptake 
of CO2 by the ocean. In the Southern Ocean, a decrease of the CO2 sink 
was suggested due to enhanced upwelling of deep waters. Northward eddy 
transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current may or may not be 
counteracting this. We propose to investigate the carbon budget of eddies 
and the role of eddies in the equatorward transport of carbon. CO2 
measurements within and across different eddies will be conducted, as 
well as transient tracers, which will be utilized to describe the 
physical characteristics of eddies, and to calculate anthropogenic CO2. 
Data from ANT-XXVIII/3 will inform on the role of eddies on the 
distribution of CO2, nutrients and oxygen within these dynamic 
hydrographic regimes. Our data will explore this further in combination 
with data from previous cruises on board RV Polarstern. 

Specific objectives of the proposed research include: 

(1) Investigate the role of eddies in the transport of inorganic carbon 
    in two or three different biogeochemical regimes of the ACC. 

(2) Describe the chemical characteristics (CO2, nutrients, oxygen) of the 
    wider region. 

(3) Determine the air-sea exchange of CO2 in eddies as compared to that  
    in the regions surrounding them and estimate the role of eddies in 
    the source/sink function of the Southern Ocean; exact CO2 fluxes will 
    be calculated using detailed results of the mixed layer and mixing 
    layer depths as determined using CFC-12 and SF6 data and by the 
    physical oceanography group. 

(4) Compute vertical transport of carbon using results from the transient 
    tracers and the physical oceanographers (vertical diffusivity), but 
    also using the chemical (CO2, oxygen, nutrients) balance of the 
    surface layer. 

(5) Determine a carbon budget of eddies based on inorganic carbon data, 
    but also compare this with results from other investigators 
    concentrating on specific carbon fluxes (e.g., export production with 
    234Thorium depletion). 

(6) Calculate anthropogenic CO2 in and around eddies using transient 
    tracers ratio. 


Work at sea 

In all survey regions and hydrographic transects, water samples were 
taken from the CTD rosette sampler at depths all through the water 
column, but with a bias towards the upper layers. Total CO2 (TCO2; also 
known as DIC) and total alkalinity was determined in discrete water 
samples taken from the rosette sampler. Both TCO2 and total alkalinity 
are measured together with a VINDTA instrument (MARIANDA, Kiel), which 
combines the two measurements. The accuracy is set by internationally 
recognized and widely used certified reference material (CRM) obtained 
from Prof. A. Dickson at Scripps (USA). TCO2 is the sum of all dissolved 
inorganic carbon species and is determined by a precise coulometric 
method. For every coulometric cell that was used in the coulometer, at 
least two CRMs were measured in duplicate at the beginning and the end of 
the analyses. The alkalinity measurements were made by potentiometric 
titration with a strong acid (HCl) as a titrant. The acid consumption up 
to the second endpoint is equivalent to the titration alkalinity. The 
system uses a highly precise Metrohm Titrino for adding acid, a pH 
electrode and a reference electrode. In addition to the CRMs, some sample 
bottles were measured on both VINDTAs to check the internal consistency 
of the data. The measurement temperature for both TCO2 and total 
alkalinity was 25C. Measurements of the water were carried out 
immediately after sampling. Generally, this means that the samples did 
not have to be stored for longer than 12 hours. In a very few cases, the 
time before measuring was somewhat longer, and then the samples were 
stored in the dark. 


Preliminary results 

A total of 110 stations were sampled for the CO2 system with about 2,000 
analyses. In addition, surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was 
collected from the ship's seawater supply continuously during the cruise 
(Fig. 5.1.1). Sea surface pCO2 is obtained with a General Oceanics system 
with an infrared analyser (LiCOR), both for seawater using a water-air 
equilibrator and for the atmosphere, the air being pumped from the crow's 
nest. 


Fig. 5.1.1: Sea surface CO2  (parts per million, ppm) along the ANT-
            XXVIII/3 cruise track


Data management 

The TCO2, alkalinity and pCO2 data will be largely processed after the 
cruise. The final data will be submitted to data centers, as has been 
done with all data of previous cruises with Polarstern. The usual data 
center for carbon research is the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis 
Center (CDIAC; Boulder, USA) together with CCHDO. In the past, data have 
also been transferred to Pangaea, and they should be published within two 
years after the end of the cruise. 

Other variables that are essential to biogeochemical studies involving 
the CO2 system are oxygen and major nutrients. 


Fig. 5.1.2: Vertical distribution of the vertical diffusivity 
            preliminarily derived from the MSS measurements at the 
            indicated stations 



5.2  Macronutrients 

     Sharyn Crayford(1),                        1 RNISR 
     not on board                               2 AWI 
     Hein J.W. de Baar(1), Mario Hoppema(2)

 
Objectives 

See paragraph 5.1. 


Work at sea 

Sample water was obtained from the rosette sampler from all depths. All 
samples were collected in 125 ml polypropylene bottles directly after the 
trace gases, oxygen and TCO sampling. In the lab container the nutrient 
samples were transferred into 5 ml polyethylene vials, covered with 
parafilm against evaporation, and placed in the sampler after rinsing 
three times. All analyses were done within 15 hours on the auto-analyzer, 
a Technicon TRAACS 800 Auto-analyzer. Calibration standards were diluted 
from stock solutions of the different nutrients in 0.2 .m filtered low 
nutrient seawater (LNSW) and were freshly prepared every day. The LNSW is 
surface seawater depleted of most nutrients; it is also used as baseline 
water for the analysis between the samples. Each run of the system had a 
correlation coefficient of at least 0.9999 for 10 calibration points, but 
typical 1.0000 for linear chemistry. The samples were measured from the 
lowest to the highest concentration in order to keep carry-over effects 
as small as possible, i.e. from surface to deep waters. Prior to 
analysis, all samples and standards were brought to lab temperature of 
22C in about two hours; concentrations were recorded in .mol per liter at 
this temperature. During every run a daily freshly diluted mixed nutrient 
standard, containing silicate, phosphate and nitrate (a so-called 
nutrient cocktail), was measured in triplicate. Additionally, a natural 
sterilized Reference Material Nutrient Sample (JRM Kanso, Japan) 
containing known concentrations of silicate, phosphate, nitrate and 
nitrite in Pacific Ocean water, was analyzed in triplicate every 2 weeks 
in a run. The cocktail and the JRM were both used to monitor the 
performance of the analyzer. Finally, the nutrient cocktail (referred to 
in the results as ANTCOCK98x100) was used to adjust all data to the level 
of the known concentrations of the cocktail by means of a correction 
factor. The final data set is thus referenced to the same cocktail 
values, which makes data comparable and consistent. From every station 
the deepest sample bottle was sub-sampled for nutrients in duplicate, the 
duplicate sample-vials were all stored dark at 4C, and measured again in 
the next run with the upcoming stations, this being for statistical 
purposes. More than 2,200 samples were analyzed for phosphate, silicate, 
nitrate and nitrite in total, of which 1,807 at CTD stations. Some 474 
samples were analyzed in support of the biological work of Trimborn et 
al. (this volume). 


Preliminary results 

Analytical methods 

Phosphate reacts with ammonium molybdate at pH 1.0, and potassium 
antimonyltartrate is used as an inhibitor. The yellow phosphate-
molybdenum complex is reduced by ascorbic acid and measured at 880 nm 
(Riley & Murphy, 1962). Silicate reacts with ammonium molybdate to a 
yellow complex, after reduction with ascorbic acid; the obtained blue 
silica-molybdenum complex is measured at 800 nm. Oxalic acid is added to 
prevent formation of the blue phosphate-molybdenum (Strickland & Parsons, 
1968). 

Nitrate plus nitrite (NO3+NO2) is mixed with an imidazol buffer at pH 7.5 
and reduced by a copperized cadmium column to nitrite. The nitrite is 
diazotated with sulphanylamide and naphtylethylene-diamine to a pink 
colored complex and measured at 550 nm. Nitrate is calculated by 
subtracting the nitrite value of the nitrite channel from the 'NO3+NO2' 
value. (Grasshoff et al, 1983) Nitrite is diazotated with sulphanylamide 
and naphtylethylene-diamine to a pink colored complex and measured at 550 
nm. (Grasshoff et al., 1983) 


Calibration and standards 

Nutrient primary stock standards were prepared at the NIOZ. Phosphate: by 
weighing potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a calibrated volumetric PP 
flask to 1 mM PO4. Silicate: by weighing Na2SiF6 into a calibrated 
volumetric PP flask to 19.99 mM Si. Nitrate: weighing Potassium nitrate 
into a calibrated volumetric PP flask set to 10 mM NO3. Nitrite: weighing 
sodium nitrite into a calibrated volumetric PP flask set to 0.5 mM NO2. 
All standards were stored at room temperature in a 100 % humidified box. 
The calibration standards were prepared daily by diluting the separate 
stock standards, using three electronic pipettes, into four 100ml PP 
volumetric flasks (calibrated at the NIOZ) filled with low nutrient 
seawater LNSW. The blank values of the LNSW were measured onboard and 
added to the calibration values to get the absolute nutrient values. Our 
standards are regularly monitored by participating in inter-calibration 
exercises from ICES and Quasimeme and even more recently from the RMNS 
exercise organised by Michio Aoyama MRI/Japan. 


Method detection limits 

The method detection limits was calculated using the standard deviation 
of ten samples containing 2 % of the highest standard used for the 
calibration curve and multiplied with the student's value for n=10, thus 
being 2.81. (M.D.L = Std Dev of 10 samples x 2.81), M.D.L.(M/l) Used 
measuring ranges µM/l:
 
                        PO4      0.007    3.51 
                        Si       0.057  159.21 
                        NO3+NO2  0.025   45.51 
                        NO2      0.003    0.51 


Quality control and statistics 

Material, followed by statistics using the in-house diluted cocktail98 
over all runs: 

NIOZ Cocktail 

The NIOZ cocktail solution acts as a lab reference and quality control 
and was made in the NIOZ lab containing phosphate, silicate and nitrate 
in a solution containing 40 mg Hg2Cl2 per litre as a preservative. Every 
time it was used, it was diluted 100 times with the same pipette and the 
same volumetric flask for PO4, Si and NO3 
analysis. 

Overall statistics computed against the NIOZ Cocktail diluted 100 times, 
followed by statistics from the Japan Reference Material at a temperature 
of 22°C. 

In one run; ANTCOCKX100 PO4, Si, NO3+NO2 Average Value 2.448 M/l, 122.65 
M/l, 34.87 M/l Standard deviation 0.0085, 0.231, 0.042 CV % Full Scale 
0.24, 0.14, 0.09, n 10, 10, 10 

Japan RM PO4, Si, NO3+NO2 Average Value 3.086 M/l, 137.10 M/l, 

43.26 M/l Standard deviation 0.016, 0.669, 0.226 CV % Full Scale 0.46, 
0.42, 0.50; n 66, 66, 66. 


Data quality & remarks 

Monitoring the Japanese Reference Material and the NIOZ in-house Lab 
cocktail reference (cocktail98), the JRM shows slightly more consistent 
data for silicate considering the precision (CV %). It is suggested that 
through diluting the in-house cocktail by means of an electronic pipette 
and a calibrated flask, a small error of maximum 0.15 % is introduced. 
All data except nitrite was normalized to the NIOZ cocktail, resulting in 
a comparable data set. The overall statistics for in-between runs is 
0.016 µmol l-1 for phosphate, 0.594 µmol l-1 for silicate and 0.130 µmol 
l-1 for nitrate, this being the average standard deviation of 113 
differences between duplicates measured in two different runs. 


Data management 

After finalization of the data processing, the data will be submitted to 
data centres, as has been done with all data of previous cruises with 
Polarstern. The usual data centre for carbon research is the Carbon 
Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC; Boulder, U.S.A.) together 
with CCHDO. Since nutrient data are used in close combination with the 
carbon data, they will also be submitted to this data center. In the 
past, data have also been transferred to Pangaea, which shall also be 
done with the carbon and nutrient data of cruise ANT-XXVIII/3. They 
should be published within two years after the end of the cruise. 


References 

Grasshoff, K. et al. (1983). Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Chemie 
    GmbH, Weinheim. 419 pp. 

Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons, T.R., 1968. A practical handbook of 
    seawater analysis. First Edition, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 
    Bulletin. No 167, 1968. p.65. 

Murphy, J. & Riley, J.P., 1962. A modified single solution method for the 
    determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica chim. Acta 
    27, 31-36. 


5.3  Dissolved Oxygen 

     Felix Müller (1),                          1 AWI 
     Mario Hoppema (1)(not on board) 
 

Objectives 

See paragraph 5.1. 


Work at sea 

Method 

For the measurement of dissolved oxygen in the water column the classical 
Winkler method was used. This method is based on the following redox-
reactions: 


    2+       -
2 Mn   + 4 OH  ----> 2 Mn(OH)
                             2 


2 Mn(OH) + O  ---> 2 MnO(OH) 
        2   2               2


               +               2+
2 MnO(OH) + 8 H +6 I ----> 2 Mn   + 2 I + 6 H O
         2                             3     2


            2-          -       2-
I   + 2 S O    ----> 3 I  + S O
 3       2 3                 4 6 


First an excess of dissolved manganese and a strong base with an excess 
of iodide ions are added to the seawater sample, the Mn2+ is oxidized by 
the dissolved oxygen in the water to higher oxidation states and 
precipitates as MnO(OH)2 to the base of the sample bottle. After a few 
hours an excess of strong acid is added to the sample, to reduce the 
manganese back to the Mn2+ form. With the reduction of manganese the 
iodide ions become oxidized to iodine in the form of I3-ions, which has 
an intense yellow color. The iodine is titrated back to the colourless 
iodide by thiosulfate. The amount of thiosulfate which is needed to 
decolorize the sample is proportional to the amount of dissolved oxygen 
in the seawater sample. The colour of the sample was determined by the 
light transmission through the sample bottle with a spectrophotometer. 
The titration was carried out by an automated Dosimat from Metrohm. 

During the cruise, dissolved oxygen in the water column was measured at 
three main regions. The first region was a transect at 10E, extending 
from 44S to 52S. At each degree of latitude the dissolved oxygen was 
measured from seawater collected from each Niskin bottle attached to the 
CTD rosette. Samples were taken from the sea surface to the bottom at 
about 20 depths. Between these stations there were typically two 
(sometimes only one) shallow stations to 1,500 m depth, where samples 
were taken at 10 depths. Overall, 404 oxygen samples were collected at 26 
stations along this transect. The second region was an " eddy like 
structure" at about 52S and 13W. There was a cross of 9 deep CTD 
stations, and in addition four deep stations and 12 shallow stations in 
the corners of the grid. At most of these stations, oxygen samples were 
taken. The core station was measured 5 times within two weeks, the other 
stations only 1 or 2 times. Overall, 562 oxygen samples were collected at 
28 stations in this area. The third region was northwest of South Georgia 
at about 50°S and 38°W. There was a grid of 5 x 6 shallow stations to 
1,500 m and one deep station at the core. At 23 of these stations oxygen 
samples were measured at 14 different depths. In total, 351 oxygen 
samples were taken in the Georgia Basin area. 


Preliminary results 

Overall, a total of 1318 oxygen samples were measured from 78 CTD 
stations. The precision was determined as 0.65 mol l-1 from each 10th 
sample that was measured in duplicate under the same conditions. 

Data management 

All data obtained from this cruise will be uploaded to PANGAEA. 



5.4  Measurements of CFC-12 and SF6  

     Tim Sten(1), Boie Bogner(1)                1 IfM-GEOMAR,
     Not on board:                              2 AWI
     Toste Tanhua(1), Mario Hoppema(2)  


Objectives  

A goal of the Southern Ocean expedition ANT-XXVIII/3 was to obtain tracer 
profiles of several eddy structures. The distribution and the relation 
between the two transient tracers CFC-12 and SF6 should provide a 
detailed look into the transport processes of an eddy structure. 


Work at sea 

Two purge and trap GC systems have been set up to measure the transient 
tracers in parallel. However, the main heater unit of the GC system named 
PT3 had a technical defect and all water samples have been measured with 
the second GC system named VS1. We sampled at 59 stations with an overall 
number of 720 measurements. The sampling was performed with 300 ml glas 
ampoules to avoid contact with the atmosphere. An aliquot of about 250 ml 
was injected into the system through a vacuum-sparge technique. 
Standardization was performed by injecting small volumes of two different 
gaseous standards containing SF6 and CFC-12. This working standard was 
prepared by the company Dueste-Steiniger (Germany). The CFC-12 and SF6 
concentrations in the standards has been calibrated vs. a reference 
standard obtained from R.F. Weiss group at Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography (SIO), and the CFC-12 data are reported on the SIO98 scale 
and SF6 on the NOAA-2000 scale. Another calibration of the working 
standard will take place in the lab after the cruise, to determine any 
possible drift in the working standard. Calibration curves were measured 
every few days, depending on workload and system performance, to 
determine the non-linearity of the detector. Point calibrations were 
always performed between stations to determine the short-term drift of 
the detector. Replicate measurements of surface and bottom samples were 
normally run for each profile. Standard deviation of the measurements 
determined from these replicate measurements and the detection limits for 
SF6 and CFC-12 are listed in Table 5.4.1. 


Preliminary results 

The tracer structures of the eddy surveys (Fig. 5.4.1) show a wide 
variability in depth and space compared to a non-eddy area. A detailed 
data analysis combining the tracer data with further obtained parameters 
will be performed at the GEOMAR in Kiel. 


Tab.5.4.1: Precision and detection limit of VS1 

                         Precision  Detection Limit  
                 ——————  —————————  ———————————————
                 SF6      0.014 fM      0.05 fM  
                 CFC-12   0.004 pM      0.4 fM  


Fig. 5.4.1: Tracer concentrations along the 10°E transect


Data management 

All data obtained from this cruise will be uploaded to PANGAEA. 



6.  PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPACT OF CO2 AND DUST ON PHYTOPLANKTON 
    GROWTH 

    Scarlett Trimborn(1), Clara Hoppe(1),       1 AWI
    Tina Brenneis(1), Louiza Norman(2),         2 UTS 
    not on board: 
    Christel Hassler(2), Bjrn Rost(1)

 
Objectives 

The Southern Ocean accounts for ~20% of the global annual phytoplankton 
production and is considered to exert a large influence on the marine 
carbon cycle and to have the greatest potential in affecting atmospheric 
CO2 concentrations. In-situ fertilization experiments have revealed that 
iron availability is the key factor controlling phytoplankton growth in 
the Southern Ocean. Dust deposition, ice melting or iron input from land 
run-off and contact with sediments are important processes through which 
in particular coastal regions of the Southern Ocean are naturally 
enriched with iron. In open ocean regions, atmospheric dust input is one 
of the major sources of iron. Only a few studies have investigated the 
impact of dust addition on open ocean phytoplankton productivity. Aside 
from this crucial factor, other environmental factors like changing 
atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to ongoing ocean acidification as well 
as to seasonal changes in CO2 were also found to exert control on both 
phytoplankton structure and growth. Unfortunately, its effects on the 
physiological ecology of the phytoplankton community have thus far 
received very little attention, even though large seasonal changes in CO2 
can be observed over the course of the growing season. Until now, 
research so far has focused on the investigation of one of these two 
factors, while attention has not yet been paid to the assessment of dust 
deposition in conjunction with CO2, even though the combination of both 
factors may be crucial in controlling the phytoplankton species 
composition in the Southern Ocean. 


Work at sea 

Primary production and fluorescence of phytoplankton populations along 
the cruise track were measured from different depths using Niskin bottles 
attached to a sampling rosette with conductivity, temperature and depth 
sensors (CTD rosette). From 26 CTD stations in total (Fig. 6.1), seawater 
samples were collected from 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 m depth. Using 
fluorescence induction relaxation fluorometry (FIRe) and the commonly 
used 14C technique, fluorescence measurements as well as different assays 
for primary production were carried out, which will be described in the 
following.  


Fig. 6.1: Map of all sampled stations during the cruise track. In total, 
          26 CTD stations were sampled: PS79/60-5, 70-3, 73-2, 75-9, 81-
          11, 84-7, 85-3, 86-2, 91-5, 114-9, 128-10, 136-8, 137-7, 138-2, 
          139-3, 140-12, 147-1, 149-1, 155-1, 160-1, 165-5, 168-1, 169-1, 
          170-1, 174-9, 175-1.


Two approaches were applied to determine primary production rates of 
marine phytoplankton, the in-situ primary production and the 24h primary 
production. In-situ primary production rates were determined by exposing 
the phytoplankton from all sampled depths to the corresponding in-situ 
light intensity. In-situ light intensities were determined just before 
sampling by CTD via a RAMSES light sensor and were kindly provided by Wee 
Cheah and Marianna Soppa before all measurements. In-situ irradiance of 
the sampled depths was adjusted in a temperature controlled custom-build 
photosynthetron in the way that samples were illuminated by adjustable 
single LEDs. In-situ primary production was then determined by transfer 
of the unfiltered seawater into 1h of exposure to the respective in-situ 
irradiance after addition of a 1.5 Ci spike of 14C. At the end of the 
incubation time the reaction was stopped by addition of 0.6 N HCl and 
left in the fume hood to degas overnight. Then to each sample, 10 ml of 
scintillation cocktail were added and measured with a scintillation 
counter (TRICARB) on board. 

According to the JGOFS protocol (2002) 24h primary production rates were 
determined from all sampled depths by placing the phytoplankton samples 
into an outdoor incubator, thus exposing the samples to a natural day-
light cycle. By the use of filters the in-situ irradiance was reduced by 
50, 25, 12.5, 6, 3, and 1.5% corresponding to the sampled depth. After a 
24h incubation, the same protocol was followed as for the in-situ primary 
production. To obtain also information on photosynthetic characteristics, 
primary production of the 10 and 60 m depth was measured after exposure 
to 15, 30, 50, 80, 200, and 500 µmol m-2 s-1 for 1 h. 

To gain also information on the physiological state of the phytoplankton 
populations fluorescence induction relaxation fluorometry (FIRe) was 
applied. To this end, all sampled depths were dark acclimated for at 
least an hour to obtain highest maximum fluorescence. Further, 
information on the efficiency of photochemistry in PSII during varying 
light exposure was obtained by exposure of the 10 and s-160 m depth to 
15, 30, 50, 80, 200, and 500 µmol m-2 for 1h. Through the combination of 
dark-acclimated and light adapted fluorescence, information on electron 
transport rates as well as non-photochemical quenching processes can be 
derived. 


The potential for domoic acid production to enhance iron uptake 
efficiency during a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom 

To unravel whether domoic acid enhances the iron uptake efficiency of 
Pseudo.nitzschia cells, we followed the development of a Pseudo-nitzschia 
bloom over the duration of 2 weeks. To this end, at the CTD stations 
PS79/91, 114, 128, 136, 139, and 140 (Figure 1) we also sampled for 
domoic acid and carried out 55Fe uptake assays, which will be described 
in more detail. Iron-clean seawater from 20 and 60 m depth was collected 
using GoFlo bottles. Iron uptake rates were then estimated by transfer of 
the unfiltered seawater into 24 h of light exposure (30 µmol m-2 s-1) 
after addition of a 1 nM spike of 55Fe. At the end of the incubation 
time, the sample was filtered onto GFF-filters and 10 ml of scintillation 
cocktail was added to each sample and measured with a scintillation 
counter (TRICARB) on board. To normalise 55Fe uptake against biomass, 
samples for particulate organic carbon were also taken in replicates from 
the two sampled depths. To test for the presence of domoic acid at 20 and 
60 depth, seawater was filtered through a GFF-filter and subsequently 
frozen at -20C until further analysis at the AWI. As it is well known 
that domoic acid accumulates in higher trophic levels of the marine food 
chain, animals sampled by Evgeny Pakhomov and Brian Hunt, Dörte Janussen 
and Katharina Jörger were immediately frozen at -20C for the analysis of 
domoic acid. 


CO2-/dust-/iron perturbation experiments 

Shipboard CO2-/dust-/iron pertubation experiments with a naturally iron-
limited phytoplankton community were performed to address the important 
question of how CO2-related changes in carbonate chemistry e.g. ocean 
acidification in combination with different iron availability (through 
either dust or inorganic iron addition) will directly affect primary 
productivity and phytoplankton species composition. To this end, 80 l 
seawater containing the starting phytoplankton community (filtered 
through a 200 m mesh to avoid zooplankton inside the experimental 
bottles) were sampled at station PS79/84-5 at 53°S 10°E using a membrane 
pump sampling from 24 m depth. To ensure prolonged exponential 
phytoplankton growth, in addition 200 l of iron-limited seawater were 
sampled using acid-cleaned 0,2 m filter cartridges. This water was used 
to dilute the incubations when nitrate concentrations went below 14 µmol 
l-1. For all experiments, triplicate incubation bottles were bubbled with 
CO2 levels representing values of present-day (~380 atm) and those 
projected for the year 2100 (~980 atm) using a portable gas mixing 
system. To also test the influence of iron availability, incubations were 
grown under natural iron concentrations of 0.25 nM and under iron 
enrichment though either the addition of 0.7 nM FeCl3 or by the addition 
of dust to a final concentration of 0.7 nM. No additional macronutrients 
were added to the incubation bottles. 

The experiments were run in a temperature-controlled growth chamber (2°C) 
with a constant daylight irradiance of 30mol m(^-2) s(^-1). Incubation 
experiments lasted between 30 and 35 days depending on experimental 
treatment. Nitrate, silicate and phosphate concentrations were measured 
on a daily basis over the course of the experiments. Flow cytometry 
samples were taken at a regular basis to determine phytoplankton growth 
rates. At the beginning, the first dilution and the end of the 
experiments taxonomic species composition, cell density and chemical 
parameters were taken that will be more described in the following. 

To determine taxonomic composition aliquots of 200 ml unfiltered seawater 
were preserved with both hexamine buffered formalin solution at a final 
concentration of 2% and lugol at a final concentration of 1%. Preserved 
samples were stored at 4°C in the dark until further analysis by light 
and epifluorescence microscopy back in the home laboratory. For bacterial 
composition, seawater was transferred into cryo vials to which 
gluteraldehyde of a final concentration of 0.1% was added. These samples 
were then stored at -80°C until they will be analysed at home. Further, 
pigment samples were collected, filtered and stored at -80°C until high 
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis will be performed in 
the home laboratory. Samples for particulate organic (POC) were filtered 
onto precombusted (500°C; 12 h) GFF filters and stored in precombusted 
petri dishes (500°C; 12 h) at -20°C. Samples for the determination of 
biogenic silicate were taken, filtered and stored at -20°C until further 
analysis. To test for domoic acid production, seawater was filtered 
through a GFF-filter and subsequently frozen at -20°C until further 
analysis at the AWI. 

Regarding the characterisation of the iron chemistry, filtered seawater 
samples for the determination of iron dissolved, iron speciation, humic 
acid-like compounds and ligands were taken. While iron dissolved samples 
were measured on board by Juan Santos and Luis Laglera, samples for iron 
speciation, Ha-like compounds and ligands were stored at -20°C until 
further analysis. Samples for iron speciation and humic-acid-like 
compounds will be analysed at the University of Technology Sydney using 
voltammetry while ligand samples will be analysed by the group of Prof. 
Boris Koch at the AWI by means of HPLC-ICPMS. 

For the determination of the seawater carbonate chemistry from each 
station samples for alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and pH were 
collected. Alkalinity samples were taken from the filtrate (Whatman GFF 
filter, 0.6 mm), stored in 100-ml borosilicate flasks at 4°C until 
further analysis by potentiometric titration at home. Dissolved inorganic 
carbon samples were sterile-filtered (0.2 mm) and stored in 13-ml 
borosilicate flasks free of air bubbles at 4°C until they will be 
measured with a Quaatro Autoanalyzer (Seal Analytical). pH was measured 
on board using a pH/ion meter (model 713, Methrom) that was calibrated 
(three-point calibration) at latest every third day. From these three 
parameters the carbonate system will be calculated using the program 
CO2Sys (Lewis and Wallace 1998). 

Physiological characteristics of the different treatments were derived by 
means of FIRe, 14C and 55Fe based assays. Primary production was 
determined by transfer of the unfiltered seawater for 1 h at irradiances 
of 15, 30, 50, 80, 200, and 500 µmol m(^-2) s(^-1) after addition of a 
1.5 Ci spike of 14C. The reaction was stopped as described before. Using 
FIRe information on the efficiency of photochemistry in PSII after dark 
acclimation and during varying light exposure was obtained by exposure to 
15, 30, 50, 80, 200, and 500 µmol m(^-2) s(^-1) for 1h. Further, iron 
uptake rates were estimated by transfer of the unfiltered seawater into 
24 h of light exposure (30 µmol m-2 s-1) after addition of a 1 nM spike 
of 55Fe. 


Preliminary (expected) results 

At this stage it is very difficult to discuss preliminary results as most 
of the taken samples still need either to be analysed or to be processed. 
However, the extensive characterisation of 26 CTD stations along the 
cruise track will help us to provide a better ecophysiological 
explanation for the spatial distribution of Southern Ocean phytoplankton. 
Especially, the successful performance of shipboard CO2/dust-/iron 
manipulation experiments will bring us a step forward and will enable us 
to gain a process-based understanding of how the two environmental 
factors iron availability and CO2 will shape the Southern Ocean 
phytoplankton community structure, alter productivity and phytoplankton 
growth in the future. 


Data management 

All data obtained from this cruise will be uploaded to PANGAEA. 


References 

Lewis E. and Wallace D. W. R. (1998) Program Developed for CO2 System 
    Calculations. In (C.D.I.A. Center). Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 
    U.S. Department of Energy, ORNL/ CDIAC-105, p. 21. 



7.  IRON CYCLING 

     L.M. Laglera(1),                           1 UIB-CSIC 
     J. Santos Echeanda(2)                      2 IIM 


Objectives 

Iron is the main factor limiting primary production in those nutrient-
rich surface waters of the Southern Ocean separated from coastal inputs. 
This has been proved by natural iron fertilization near islands and by 
several artificial iron fertilization experiments carried out in the 
Southern Ocean. 

During the Eddy Pump cruise iron concentrations were determined in the 
upper 300 meters in order to better understand the role of iron in the 
distribution of biomass in the areas of interest. Iron inventory was 
estimated from concentrations of leachable iron in the colloidal and 
particulate fractions. Samples were fractionated using 2 filters of 
different pore size and concentrations were reported in three different 
fractions: < 0.02 µm, unfiltered and one of the following < 0.4, 0.6 or 
53 µm. Extra samples were frozen for determination in the laboratory of 
the organic speciation of iron. 


Work at sea 

Sampling 

Water samples down to 300 m were collected by using eight 12 l GoFLo 
bottles fixed to a Kevlar line and fired by Teflon messengers. Once on 
deck, bottles were brought to a clean air plastic "Bubble". The bubble 
consisted of a plastic enclosed space equipped with two laminar flow 
systems (HEPA filters) running continuously maintaining positive pressure 
of clean air inside the bubble. A pressure line carrying high purity 
nitrogen was plugged to the head of the sampling bottles to facilitate 
the filtration by overpressure. Samples for analysis on board were stored 
in 60 or 125 ml LDPE bottles and immediately acidified to pH 2.0. Other 
samples were stored in 250 and 500 ml LDPE bottles and frozen for 
analysis of iron organic speciation back in the lab. 

The list of stations sampled includes: PS79/60, 70, 76, 81, 84, 85, 86, 
91, 98, 114, 128, 136, 139, 140, 143, 163, 170. 


Determination of the iron concentration in the water column - Iron 
partitioning 

Two analytical systems for iron determination in seawater were set up 
onboard: a voltammeter for the determination of the concentration of iron 
in the presence of DHN and bromate (Obata and van den Berg, 2001) and a 
flow injection analysis (FIA) system with detection by chemiluminescence 
(Obata et al., 1993). Unfortunately, the FIA system did not work properly 
for the first month and for consistency all the analysis of the water 
column samples onboard was performed by voltammetry. 42 Analyses of 
dissolved iron were carried out after a minimum of 24 hours 
equilibration. From station PS79/81 to the end of the sampling, 
unfiltered samples were processed as 0.2 m filtered samples but extending 
the equilibration time to 48-72 hours in order to obtain the 
concentration of leachable particulate iron. Due to the strong 
differences found on particulate iron in between stations a third 
fraction was determined using online filtration. Unfortunately due to 
lack of extra filter holders we could not sample more fractions. For 
stations PS79/91 and 98, a 0.4 µm filter was used, whereas the pore size 
was 3 µm for stations PS79/114 and 128. For the rest of the study a 
filter of 53 µm pore size was selected in order to determine the 
concentration of iron that can be leached from sinking particles. 


Other metals 

From some key stations, extra samples were taken for the lab-based 
determination of the Hg and Pt concentration and for determination of 
other metals by ICP-MS after pre-concentration. Trace metals determined 
by this method will be selected as a function of the pre-concentration 
step selected prior to analysis. 

Iron speciation 

In seawater the speciation of iron is dominated by the presence of 
binding ligands at concentrations higher than the dissolved iron 
concentrations. The analytical method consists of the titration of the 
sample with iron and the determination of the labile fraction by CSV. 

Iron in excretion products 

One of the important roles of zooplankton in ocean biogeochemistry is 
that they take part in trace metal cycling and storage of iron in the 
Southern Ocean waters (Tovar-Sanchez et al., 2007). Due to the big amount 
of salps collected we tried with the collaboration of Louiza Norman to 
determine the released of iron from their faecal pellets after 
acidification. 

Iron in phytoplankton and zooplankton incubations 

Two incubation experiments were conducted on board. 

A first one led by Scarlett Trimborn under the CODEX project measured the 
evolution of phytoplankton cultures after spiking iron from different 
sources (i.e. dust or iron chloride). Iron concentrations were determined 
at different steps of the incubation experiments. 

A second set was done by Louiza Norman, but this time the source of iron 
was salp faecal pellets. Iron concentrations were also measured in 
different stages of the incubation and under different conditions. 


Preliminary results 

Dissolved iron concentrations in the first 100 m of the water column were 
very low once we moved South of the Polar Front, consistently around 0.1-
0.15 nmol l-1 with very few exceptions. Below the mixed layer 
concentrations increased to around 0.3 nmol L-1 at 300 m deep. This 
homogeneity, despite the wide range of chlorophyll concentrations found, 
pointed to the presence of iron reservoirs in bigger fractions. 

We investigated the concentration of leachable particulate iron in 
unfiltered samples and in intermediate fractions in the high chlorophyll 
patch (up to 2.5 mg Chla m(^-3)). This concentration followed a very 
different pattern with a high correlation with chlorophyll concentrations 
in the mixing layer (Fig. 7.1). The depletion of the dissolved fraction 
in comparison would imply fast fluxes in between particulate, dissolved 
and intracellular iron. 

No studies have been published about the nature of the particles that 
contribute to the concentration of total leachable iron. We know from 
previous experiments (LOHAFEX) that copepod faecal pellets contribute to 
this fraction. The microscopic observation of intact cells from many 
different species points to a non-significant contribution from the 
intracellular pool of healthy cells (thanks to Chistine Klaas). However 
the analysis of big salp faecal pellets showed very small release of iron 
after acidification. Unfortunately we could not pursue further how this 
organism that ingests important amounts of phytoplankton releases the 
iron ingested. 

The use of 0.4 mm and 3 µm filters in some stations showed no significant 
differences with respect to filtration by 0.2 m (Fig. 7.2). This should 
be indicative of the absence of iron removal through aggregation of 
inorganic/organic iron species to colloidal size as it has been described 
in oligotrophic waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean (Wu et al., 
2001). 

As a consequence we decided to study the possibility to detect vertical 
fluxes of iron associated to sinking particles using a 53 µm filter. For 
patch waters the results were not consistent with an important offset in 
between the unfiltered and 53 m fraction for station PS79/136 (indicative 
of strong vertical fluxes associated to sinking particles) and barely any 
difference for stations PS79/139 and 140. Visual inspection of the 
material recovered by the filter showed high presence of algae chains, 
faecal material and copepods but no significant differences could be 
found in between stations (thanks to Morten Iversen). 

We repeated the analytical procedure at a station at the edge of the 
South Georgia shelf to try to evaluate if iron in the mixing layer 
responds to the hypotheses of iron resuspension from island shelves of 
the Southern Ocean or if, as suspected from the high presence of iron on 
the island, lateral advection and atmospheric deposition could play a 
significant role in iron transport. The result is shown in Figure 7.3 and 
shows with a striking clarity that in the case of South Georgia important 
amounts of particulate iron are transported horizontally from the island 
in the size range 0.2-53 µm. This result underlines the importance of the 
study of the particulate part of iron in order to explain the biological 
productivity pattern in the Southern Ocean. 


Data management 

All data obtained will be prepared for publication and will be made 
available via PANGAEA. 


Fig. 7.1: Averaged dissolved and leachable particulate iron concentra-
          tions and chlorophyll concentrations integrated down to 120 m 
          in the core stations. Station PS79/85 (Salpastan) is added to 
          study the effect of very low chlorophyll concentrations.

Fig. 7.2: Iron concentrations obtained in unfiltered, 0.2 mm filtered and 
          0.4 mm filtered samples form stations PS79/91 and 98. Iron 
          concentrations in the fractions unfiltered, 0.2 mm filtered and 
          3 mm filtered samples from stations PS79/114 and 128.

Fig. 7.3: Dissolved, > 53 mm and leachable particulate iron at station 
          PS79/143 corresponding to the NE edge of the South Georgia 
          shelf


References 

Obata, H., Karatani, H., Nakayama, E., 1993. Automated-determination of 
    iron in seawater by chelating resin concentration and 
    chemiluminescence detection. Analytical Chemistry 65, 1524-1528. 

Obata, H., van den Berg, C.M.G., 2001. Determination of picomolar levels 
    of iron in seawater using catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry. 
    Analytical Chemistry 73, 2522-2528. 

Tovar-Sanchez, A., Duarte, C.M., Hernndez-Len, S., Saudo-Wilhelmy, S.A., 
    2007. Krill as a central node for iron cycling in the Southern Ocean. 
    Geophysical Research Letters 34. 

Wu, J., Boyle, E., Sunda, W., Wen, L.S., 2001. Soluble and colloidal iron 
    in the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific. Science 293, 
    847-849. 




8.  IMPACT OF GRAZERS ON IRON BIOAVAILABILITY 

    C. Hoppe(1), C. Hassler(2) , L. Norman(3),  1 AWI 
    S. Trimborn(1), L. Laglera(4), B. Hunt(5),  2 UTS/UGeneva 
    E. Pakhomov(5)                              3 UTS 
                                                4 UIB 
                                                5 UBC 


Objectives 

Most of the iron is present under organic forms, likely produced by the 
biota and controlling iron bioavailability to support the growth of 
phytoplankton. However, the nature of these organic compounds defining 
iron marine chemistry and bioavailability remains largely unknown. 
Biological interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton are known 
to recycle iron, therefore re-supplying bioavailable iron forms. Grazers 
affect iron chemistry by lysing and digesting phytoplankton and also by 
producing fecal pellets. Perturbation experiments will be carried out to 
investigate how these two processes affect iron chemistry, the nature of 
organic material present and the bioavailability of iron to endemic 
phytoplankton community. For this purpose endemic grazing products (from 
large copepods exposed to natural phytoplankton) and fecal pellets will 
be collected and analysed. Because iron photochemistry is believed to be 
important in defining the chemical reactivity of iron and light affect 
iron biological recycling, exposure to dark and light will be used. 


Work at sea 

A single perturbation experiment was carried out with fecal pellets of 
salps, the predominant grazer present. Fecal pellets from salps were 
taken for analysis back on shore to complement data gathered at sea. An 
incubation was carried out to measure the potential effect that fecal 
pellets have on iron chemistry and associated organic ligands. Originally 
3-4 experiments were scheduled. However we were only able to perform one 
(uncompleted) experiment due to health issue of the PhD student in charge 
of most of this work at sea, during the second half of the cruise. 


Preliminary and expected results 

This experiment could shed light on the role of grazing on iron 
chemistry. Based from total dissolved iron done at sea, very little to no 
dissolved iron were leached from the fecal pellets suggesting a minor 
role in iron cycling. Analysis of Fe(II) were not possible as the 
technique was not working at sea. 

In order to evaluate the potential impact of salp's fecal pellets on the 
biogeochemical cycles on iron and carbon, samples were taken to measure 
their total iron content as well as iron chemical speciation (UGeneva), 
their impact on organic material will be measured by electrochemistry 
(HA-like, UGeneva), field-flow fractionation- 47 ICP-MS (UGeneva) and 
HPLC-ICP-MS (group of Prof. Boris Koch at the AWI). In addition, POC, 
flow cytometry and major nutrients analyses will be done on samples 
collected (AWI). Given that we were able to perform only one experiment, 
it is yet unsure whether we will be able to publish this work, 
nonetheless these data will provide grounds for future funding and 
securing ship time. 


Data management 

All data obtained from this cruise will be uploaded to PANGAEA. 




9.  NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES  

    Viena Puigcorbé(1), Montserrat Roca(1)      1 UAB/ICTA
    Not on board:                               2 AWI
    Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff(2), 
    Pere Masqué(1)    


9.1.  234Th as tracer of export production of POC 

Objectives 

Quantifying the export of carbon from the ocean surface to the deep 
waters is essential for determining the efficiency of the carbon pump. 
Natural radionuclides, such as 234Th, have been frequently used as 
proxies to estimate this export. 

Thorium-234 is a natural occurring radioisotope that is produced 
continuously in seawater through alpha decay of its soluble parent 
nuclide 238U (T(1/2) = 4.5·10(^9) y). Uranium is conservative in seawater 
at a concentration of approximately 3.1 µg·1(^-1), while Th has a high 
affinity for particles. This different behavior and the fact that the 
half-life of 234Th (24.1 d) is very suitable for tracing events occurring 
over short time scales ranging from days to weeks, periods similar to the 
development of a phytoplankton bloom, have led the 234Th/238U 
disequilibrium method to be widely used as a tool to determine the export 
rate of particles and, especially POC, from the euphotic zone to the deep 
ocean (Buesseler et al., 1992; Cochran et al., 1995; Bacon et al., 1996; 
Benitez-Nelson et al., 2001; Benitez-Nelson and Moore, 2006). Both 
isotopes would be in radioactive equilibrium in the water column in 
absence of particles. However, due to its high particle affinity, Th is 
removed from the surface water through scavenging onto sinking particles. 
Thus, an idealized oceanic profile shows relatively low 234Th activity in 
the surface waters, where scavenging is more intense, and an increase in 
234Th activity with depth as particle concentration decreases. The 
opposite happens when there are remineralization processes taking place 
and 234Th is released into solution, finding it in excess with respect to 
238U. 

Our objective was to quantify the 234Th flux by measuring the depletion 
of this radionuclide with respect to 238U in the upper water column. 
Repeated measurements of the integrated 234Th depletion will allow the 
calculation of the downward flux of particulate 234Th out of the surface 
water. In order to convert this flux to a carbon flux we will determine 
the POC/234Th ratio in sinking particles (e.g. Buesseler et al., 2006). 


Work at sea 

During this cruise a total of 332 samples were collected to analyze 234Th 
from a total of 27 stations. In addition, at stations PS79/84, 128 and 
174, triplicates of deep samples (2,500 m) were collected for calibration 
purposes. Total 234Th 49 concentrations were determined from 4 l of 
seawater collected at 11-13 depths along the upper 1000 m in each 
profile. The samples were processed according to the MnO2 co-
precipitation technique (Benitez-Nelson et al. 2001, Buesseler et al. 
2001). Briefly, the samples were acidified immediately after collection 
with 5 ml of nitric acid (65 %), spiked with 230Th and allowed to 
equilibrate for at least 12 h. After that time, ammonia was added to 
raise the pH to 8.5 in order to produce a MnO2 precipitate through the 
addition of KMnO4 and MnCl2. 

The samples were filtered through QMA filters, dried at 50°C and prepared 
for beta counting by covering them with a layer of Mylar and a layer of 
aluminium foil to block low energy beta emissions. The counting was done 
on board using low background beta counters (Risø National Laboratories). 
Although we had recurrent problems with the stability of the HV control 
of these counters, all counting could be completed on board. Samples will 
be recounted at the home laboratory to double check the first 
measurements done on board. 

Due to the conservative behaviour of uranium in seawater, its activity is 
typically derived from salinity (Pates and Muir, 2007). However, 
additional seawater samples were collected at stations PS79/63, 84, 128 
and 174 to measure 238U by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 
(ICP-MS) to confirm the U-Salinity relationship. 

Samples for particulate 234Th and organic carbon were collected using in-
situ Challenger filtration pumps. Four pumps were deployed at 100, 150, 
300 and 400 m at stations PS79/57, 69, 81, 84, 91, 139 and 174. Pumps 
filtered on average 1500 l during 1.5 hours, and particles were retained 
using a 53µm mesh screen. These particles were subsequently rinsed with 
filtered seawater and split in three: one was filtered through pre-
combusted QMA, another fraction was filtered through silver filter, both 
of them for C and N analysis, and the third onto QMA filters for 234Th 
measurements as described above for water samples. POC and PON will be 
determined later at the home laboratory. 

Thorium-234 was also measured in samples from the sediment traps. A tube 
from each depth (100 or 120 m and 300 or 320 m) was split, one half will 
be used to analyze POC and the other was filtered through a pre-combusted 
QMA filter to measure 234Th on board. 


Preliminary results 

The preliminary 234Th fluxes at 100 m derived from the deficits in the 
water column (assuming steady state and with error estimates only 
including counting statistics), as well as those obtained from the 
sediment traps from all the sampled stations are shown in Fig. 9.1 These 
results need to be corrected for final background counts and for chemical 
recoveries. 

At the region where an eddy-like structure was identified, with high Chla 
concentration, sediment traps were deployed almost every day in order to 
follow the evolution of the particle flux and to compare it with the 
evolution of the bloom. The fluxes obtained at the eddy core from the 
sediment traps were in agreement with the fluxes derived from the water 
column during the first stations (from station PS79/91 to 114). However, 
the differences between both approaches became more significant with time 
(eddy core re-visits: stations PS79/128 and 140). We will need to 
investigate in more detail the causes that govern this trend. 


Data management 

Final data will be submitted to PANGAEA. If you wish to streamline this 
for the entire cruise report this could be extended as follows: Data 
resulting from the geochemical program of the cruise (natural 
radionuclides, chapter 8) will be submitted to PANGAEA 
(http://www.pangaea.de/). Within two years of the end of the cruise the 
data deposited at PANGAEA will be made available to the international 
scientific community and the general public. 


Fig. 9.1: Preliminary 234Th fluxes derived from the water column at 100m 
     (greycolumns) and fluxes obtained from the sediment traps at 100 or 
     120 m (white columns) and at 300 or 320 m (black columns), at all 
     sampled stations 


9.2.  Testing the 236U/238U ratios as a new conservative and transient 
      tracer in oceanography 


Objectives 

Uranium-236 is produced basically by neutron capture on 235U. Atmospheric 
nuclear bomb explosions introduced a large amount of this radionuclide in 
the environment, thus increasing the natural 236U/238U ratio in the ocean 
from 10-12 - 10-14 range to a 10-9 range (Christl et al. 2011). 

Data on 236U in the Atlantic Ocean has only been reported for two 
profiles, of three depths each one. The results obtained showed a high 
236U/238U ratio value in the AABW, which might be due to the release of 
particle-bound 236U from the biologically active surface waters (Christl 
et al. 2011). 

236U might be a new tracer that needs to be further studied. Our goal 
regarding 236U measurements during this cruise was to obtain more data in 
order to see if it can be used as a transient tracer in the oceans. 


Work at sea 

Three profiles, of 8 depths each, were sampled at stations PS79/84, 128 
and 174. Samples of 10 l per depth were collected above 2,000 m, while 
for the deepest samples (one at 2,500 m and another at the bottom depth) 
the volume collected was 20 l. The samples were stored in 10 l 
cubitainers and packed to be sent to the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics 
(Zurich, Switzerland) in order to be measured using low energy 
accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 


Data management 

Final data will be submitted to PANGAEA. 


References 

Bacon MP, Cochran JK, Hirschberg DJ, Hammar TR, Fleer AP (1996). Export 
    flux of carbon at the equator during the EqPac time-series cruises 
    estimated from 234Th measurements. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 43, 
    1133-1153. 

Benitez-Nelson CR, Buesseler KO, Rutgers van der Loeff M, Andrews J, Ball 
    L, Crossin G, Charette M (2001). Testing a new small-volume technique 
    for determining thorium-234 in seawater. Journal of Radioanalytical 
    and Nuclear Chemistry, 248 (3), 795-799. 

Benitez-Nelson CR, Moore WS (2006). Future applications of 234Th in 
    aquatic ecosystems (Preface). Marine Chemistry, 100 (3-4), 163-165. 

Buesseler KO, Bacon MP, Cochran JK, Livingston HD (1992). Carbon and 
    nitrogen export during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment 
    estimated from 234Th:238U disequilibria. Deep-Sea Research I, 39 (7-
    8), 1115-1137. 

Buesseler KO, Benitez-Nelson CR, Rutgers van der Loeff M, Andrews J, Ball 
    L, Crossin G, Charette M (2001). An intercomparison of small- and 
    large-volume techniques for thorium-234 in seawater. Marine 
    Chemistry, 74, 15-28. 

Buesseler KO, Benitez-Nelson CR, Moran SB, Burd A, Charette M, Cochran 
    JK, Coppola L, Fisher NS, Fowler SW, Gardner W, Guo LD, Gustafsson O, 
    Lamborg C, Masqu P, Miquel JC, Passow U, Santschi PH, Savoye N, 
    Stewart G, Trull T (2006). An assessment of particulate organic 
    carbon to thorium-234 ratios in the ocean and their impact on the 
    application of Th-234 as a POC flux proxy. Marine Chemistry, 100 (3-
    4), 213-233. 

Christl M, Lachner J, Vockenhuber C, Rutgers v.d. Loeff M, Lechtenfeld O, 
    Stimac I (2011). Vertical distribution of 236U in the western 
    equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts. 

Cochran JK, Barnes C, Achman D, Hirschberg DJ (1995). Thorium-
    234/Uranium-238 disequilibrium as an indicator of scavenging rates 
    and particulate organic carbon fluxes in the Northeast Water Polynya, 
    Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4399.4410. 

Pates JM and Muir GKP (2007). Uгalinity relationships in the 
    Mediterranean: Implications for 234Th:238U particle flux studies. 
    Marine Chemistry, 106, 530-545. 




10.  BIO-OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR SATELLITE VALIDATION AND RETRIEVAL 

     Mariana Altenburg-Soppa(1), Wee Cheah(1)   1 AWI 
     Astrid Bracher(1) (PI) (not on board) 


Objectives 

Ocean satellite data is especially useful to investigate polar oceans due 
to the remoteness of the Polar Regions. Nevertheless, the uncertainty of 
ocean colour satellite data is still significant, mainly due to the lack 
of in-situ measurements for validation and development of remote sensing 
algorithms in the Southern Ocean. The objective of this project is to 
investigate and improve estimates of primary production and the 
distribution of the major phytoplankton functional groups in the Southern 
Ocean by using remote sensing technique and in-situ observations. Field 
measurements of phytoplankton pigment and group composition, optical 
characteristics of phytoplankton, and physiological conditions of 
phytoplankton were investigated on board Polarstern during the nine weeks 
of the ANT-XXVIII/3 cruise from Cape Town to Punta Arenas (7 Jan Р11 
March 2012). Underwater reflectance and light availability that are 
highly precise and essential input parameters for the satellite 
retrievals and modelling were also measured. 


Work at sea 

Water samples 

Discrete surface seawaters were collected every 3 hours with a 
peristaltic pump from ship's moonpool during cruise transect. At CTD 
stations, water samples from five to six different depths were collected 
from the CTD/Rosette Niskin Bottle. Collected water samples were then (1) 
filtered onto GF/F filters for high performance liquid chromatography 
(HPLC) pigment and particulate absorption (PABS) analyses; (2) measured 
with a flow cytometer to distinguish particle size and cell number, and 
also preserved for later analysis in the laboratory at Alfred Wegener 
Institute for Polar and Marine Research at Bremerhaven, Germany; (3) 
filtered onto 0.2 m membrane filter and filtered samples were collected 
for later analysis of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) 
fluorescence at AWI. 

In-situ optical and fluorescence measurements 

(1) A Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) (Chelsea Technology Group) 
was used in a flow-through system to provide continuous surface (~10 m) 
measurement of phytoplankton photosynthetic performance (e.g. Fv/Fm) 
during the entire cruise; 

(2) A second FRRF was deployed in the water down to ~140 m during CTD 
stations to obtain the vertical profiles of phytoplankton photosynthetic 
performance; (3) A set of three TriOS's RAMSES spectroradiometers were 
also deployed together with the FRRF during CTD stations and measured in-
water downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral irradiance 
and radiance sensors; (4) Total incoming irradiance at sea surface was 
measured with another TriOS's RAMSES sensor mounted on the helideck during 
the entire cruise. 

The number of CTD casts where water samples from five to six different 
depths were collected and the number of FRRF/RAMSES casts deployed in 
this cruise are as below. 

Water samples were collected from 62 CTD casts. 

A total of 20 FRRF/RAMSES casts were deployed during daytime. 

A total six FRRF casts were deployed at night. 

Below is the list of parameters that were measured during the cruise and 
data that will be obtained after the cruise. 

Phytoplankton pigment concentration (mg m-3) 

Phytoplankton cell size and count 

Particulate absorption (m2) 

Phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters (e.g. Fv/Fm) 

Downwelling irradiance at sea surface, Eo [mW/(m2 nm)] 

Downwelling irradiance in water, Ed [mW/(m2 nm)] 

Upwelling irradiance in water, Eu [mW/(m2 nm)] 

Upwelling radiance in water 

Photosynthetic active radiation in water, PAR (mol quanta/m2/s) 


Preliminary results 

Underway FRRF measurements showed high values (>0.5) of maximum 
photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in water close to 
South Georgia Island, towards to end of the cruise transect. Fv/Fm 
represents the potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and 
is interpreted as a diagnostic of the overall health or competence of 
phytoplankton. Fv/Fm has been shown to response to variations in physical 
and chemical properties of water, especially iron concentration (Kolber 
et al., 1994). High Fv/Fm values measured in waters close to South 
Georgia Island indicate phytoplankton in this region were in good 
physiological state, probably due to high iron concentration (See in this 
region compare to other region (Fig. 10.1). 


Fig. 10.1: Surface measurements of maximum photochemical efficiency of 
           photosystem II (Fv/Fm) measured during the ANT-XXVIII/3 cruise 
           on board Polarstern 


Data management 

All data obtained from this cruise will be uploaded to PANGAEA. 


References 

Kolber ZS, Barber RT, Coale KH, Fiztwater SE, Greene RM, Johnson KS, 
    Lindley S, Falkowski PG (1994). Iron limitation of phytoplankton 
    photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 371, 145-149. 




11.  PLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION, CHLOROPHYLL A, BIOGENIC SILICA, 
     PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED CARBON AND NITROGEN DETERMINATION 


     Christine Klaas(1), Fabian Altvater(1),    1 AWI 
     Dorothee Kottmeier(1), Rita Kottmeier(1), 
     Theresa Rueger(1), Vibe Schourup-
     Kristensen(1)

 
Objectives 

The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is characterized by two major 
high productivity areas downstream of the Antarctic Peninsula (along the 
Scotia Arc and South Georgia) and in the Polar Front region, 
respectively. The composition of sediment assemblages in these two 
regions is dominated by distinct key diatom species assemblages: the open 
ocean Fragilariopsis kerguelensis dominating the eastern sector (Polar 
Front region) and spores of typical coastal species of the genus 
Chaetoceros dominating regions influenced by proximity to land masses. 
The magnitude and dynamics of iron inputs are thought to drive the 
differences in dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages and export in these 
two provinces. However, a quantitative process-based understanding of the 
link between higher iron availability and plankton community composition 
and export is still lacking. In this study, we aim to improve our 
understanding of the processes driving phytoplankton dynamics and 
sedimentation through field observations of development and decay of 
natural phytoplankton blooms in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean 
in the water column. These goals will be accomplished through the study 
of the whole suite of factors controlling plankton dynamics and export by 
combining quantitative description of phytoplankton assemblage and 
dynamics, determination of key species in-situ growth rates and 
determination of composition of sinking assemblage (Iversen and Klaas, 
this volume). 


Work at sea 

Duplicate 200 ml water samples for microscopic analyses of protist 
assemblage (phyto- and protozooplankton) were be obtained from Niskin 
bottles attached to a Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) rosette from 8 
discrete depths between 10 and 200 m depth at each station. One set of 
samples was preserved with hexamine.buffered formalin solution and one 
with acidic Lugol's iodine at a final concentration of 2% and 10%, 
respectively. Further, nano- and picoplankton assemblage was determined 
from analysis of the similar but undisturbed water samples using an 
ACCURI C6 flow cytometer after staining cells 15 minutes at room 
temperature with SybrGreen I (Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany) prepared 
freshly by diluting the stock solution from the supplier 1:20 with DMSO, 
followed by a 1:50 dilution with the sample. For determination of larger 
particles and protozooplankton, the whole content of two Niskin bottles 
(24 l) were sampled at 12 depths, between 10 and 3,000 m and concentrated 
down to 50 ml by pouring the water gently through a 10 m mesh net and 
fixed with 2% buffered formalin. Fixed samples were stored at 4°C in the 
dark until counting back in the home laboratory. Species-specific growth 
rates of diatoms will be estimated from 24 hours on-deck incubation of 
undisturbed surface (10 m depth) water samples collected from the Niskin 
bottles attached to the CTD rosette after staining with the fluorochrome 
PDMPO that binds to the newly deposited silica during cell division. The 
difference between in-situ growth rates determined with the PDMPO 
technique and the actual accumulation rates of individual species 
populations during Eddy Pump will allow a quantitative estimate of the 
loss rates acting on individual species populations. 

Water samples for Chlorophyll a (Chla), biogenic silica (BSi), 
particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PON, DOC and 
DON) determination were obtained from the same bottle and depth as for 
microscopic analysis. In addition, underway surface-samples for Chla 
analysis were collected at hourly to 30 min intervals from the ship's 
pump. Further, larger volumes were collected at depths ranging from 500 
to 3,000 m depth for POC analysis in order to calibrate the signal from 
the CTD-rosette transmissometer. 

Chla samples were filtered onto 25 mm diameter GF/F filters at pressures 
not exceeding 200 mbar. Filters were immediately transferred to 
centrifuge tubes with 10 ml 90% acetone and 1 cm3 of glass beads. The 
tubes were sealed and stored at в0C for at least 30 min and up to 24 
hours. Chla was extracted by placing the centrifuge tubes in a grinder 
for 3 min followed by centrifugation at 0C. The supernatant was poured in 
quartz tubes and measured for Chla content in a Turner 10-AU fluorometer. 
Calibration of the fluorometer was carried out at the beginning and at 
the end of the cruise. Results of the fluorometer calibration diverged by 
2% between beginning and end of the cruise. Chla content was calculated 
using the equation given in Knap et al. (1996) using average parameter 
values from the two calibrations. 

1 to 2 liters seawater samples for BSi were filtered onto 25 mm diameter 
polycarbonate filters and stored in plastic (PE) petri dishes. For 
samples between the 10 and 200 m depth, a similar volume was filtered 
onto pre-combusted GFF filters and stored in pre-combusted glass petri 
dishes for POC and PON analysis. For deeper samples, 12 l seawater 
samples were filtered onto 25 mm diameter pre-combusted GFF filters for 
POC and PON analysis. After filtration filters were dried overnight at 
50°C and stored frozen (-20°C) for further analysis on land. 

About 60 ml samples for DOC and DON analysis were filtered onto 25 mm 
diameter pre-combusted GFF filters using a HCl-cleaned glass filtration 
unit. The procedure was repeated 3 times in order to rinse the vials and 
the filtration unit, keeping the last filtrate for analysis. The final 
filtrate was collected directly into HCl-rinsed plastic (HDPE) bottles 
and frozen (-20°C) for further analysis on land. 


Preliminary results 

Horizontal distribution of Chla measured on board during the cruise is 
given in Fig. 11.1. The study focused on two regions of high 
phytoplankton abundance centred at around 5212' S and 1240' W and in the 
South Georgia basin (inserts in Fig. 11.1). In the first region, needle 
shaped diatoms (Pseudonitzschia spp. and Thalassiothrix antarctica) 
seemed to dominate phytoplankton standing stocks (Fig. 11.2). During the 
experiment a decrease in Chla concentrations was observed starting 
northwest of the study area and progressing to the southeast. Temporal 
evolution of Chla at 52°12' S and 12°40' W is given in Fig. 11.3. During 
the experiment a decrease in Chla concentrations was observed (Fig. 11.3) 
starting northwest of the study area and progressing to the southeast 
while main currents in the area flowed in a northeastward direction. This 
was indicating that the observed decrease in Chla was due to a sinking 
event. 


Fig. 11.2: Phytoplankton assemblage at 52°12' S and 12°40' W. Photograph 
           taken at 10x magnification from a 20 m mesh net surface 
           sample. 

Fig. 11.3: Temporal evolution of Chla at the core station (52°12' S and 
           12°40' W) 


Data management 

Data collected during the cruise will be copied to the data centre WDC-
MARE/ PANGAEA (http://www.pangaea.de/) after post-cruise calibration and 
validation. Within two years of the end of the cruise the data deposited 
at PANGAEA will be made available to the international scientific 
community and the general public. Processed data obtained through 
laboratory analyses after the cruise will be uploaded to the database 
PANGAEA. It is expected that all data will be made available to the 
international scientific community three years after the cruise 


References: 

Knap, A., A. Michaels, A. Close, H. Ducklow and A. Dickson (eds.). 1996. 
    Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core 
    Measurements. JGOFS Report Nr. 19, vi+170 pp. Reprint of the IOC 
    Manuals and Guides No. 29, UNESCO 1994. 




12.  SALPA THOMPSONI BIOLOGY: DENSITY, POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GRAZING 

     Evgeny Pakhomov(1)                         UBC 
     Brian Hunt(1)

 
Objectives 

Salps are abundant metazoans in the mid-Antarctic latitudes and appeared 
to be among the most important groups in the RMT-8+1 samples during 
ANT.XXVIII/3 (Hunt et al., this volume). Salps were almost exclusively 
represented by a single species, Salpa thompsoni. This species is known 
to undertake an explosive development (salp blooms) outcompeting other 
zooplankton species and contributing significantly to vertical carbon 
flux. During the cruise, we had a unique opportunity to sample this 
species in four areas that were separated longitudinally and had variable 
and at times contrasting productivity regimes. The main objective of this 
work was to characterize the population structure of S. thompsoni, 
describe general distribution patterns and provide preliminary 
measurements of its ingestion, egestion and growth rates. 


Work at sea 

Salps were sampled using the midwater rectangular trawl (RMT-8+1; 37 
deployments) in the top 300 m water layer mainly during darkness. Salps 
were counted, sexed and measured from 1/8 to 1/16 sub-samples. Gut 
fluorescence was measured after extraction of the stomach content in 90 % 
acetone for 48 hours. Fecal pellet production was measured during the in-
situ (immediately after catch) and in-vitro (on board incubation) 
experiments. The total amount of fecal pellets was counted and divided by 
the number of incubated individuals and duration of the experiment to 
obtain hourly fecal pellet production. Pigment content of pellets was 
measured after the extraction in 90 % acetone over 24-36 hours using 
Turner Design fluorometer. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Spatial distribution and standing stock 

S. thompsoni were sampled in every station south of 46°S and were most 
numerous south of the Polar Front, in the region between 49° and 53°S, 
where its biomass generally ranged between 0.05 and 0.3 g WW.m(^-3). 
Overall salps were identified as the most important group in terms of wet 
weight in the majority of RMT samples, followed by crustaceans (Euphausia 
triacantha (eastern stations), E. vallentini (mainly western stations) 
and Themisto gaudichaudii). There were two regions with exceptionally 
high salp catches. The first region ("Salpastan") was confined to waters 
with very low chlorophyll concentrations (ca. 0.1 mg.m(^-3)) at 52°S and 
8°W. The second, at 50°S and 37°W, was characterized by relatively high 
Chla biomass (~ 1 mg.m(^-3)). On these occasions salp biomass reached 
2.15 g WW.m(^-3) and 2.5 g WW.m(^-3), respectively. 

Salp biology 

Salps were represented in samples mainly by small sized (OAL 10-25 mm) 
individuals in all regions (Fig. 12.1). Further analysis will be carried 
out to investigate in detailed biological differences between salp 
populations, including their stage development. From very preliminary 
data, it appears that despite young aggregate forms dominating, salp 
populations were overall at a variable state of development with either 
significant amount of males (size classes between 35 and 55 mm) or large 
number of solitary forms present in the catches (Fig. 12.1). 


Fig. 12.1: Size frequency distribution of Salpa thompsoni populations in 
           four main sampling areas


The aggregate to solitary ratios ranged widely and was the lowest at the 
Core Station at 12°W. Here we had opportunity to follow the salp 
population for almost two weeks (Fig. 12.2). The aggregate to solitary 
ratio generally followed an increasing trend, which in combination with 
the proportion of solitaries with chains ready for the release, is 
indicative of spawning occurring in the sampling area. Nevertheless, the 
salp biovolume was variable and a significant increase in the salp 
population density did not occurred. At the same time, T. gaudichaudii 
density roughly tripled (Fig. 12.2). It is possible that Themisto could 
act as a predator on young salp aggregates. This will be further 
investigated using stable isotopes and stomach content analysis of T. 
gaudichaudii. 


Fig. 12.2: Summary of salp biology at core station (51°S Р12°W) during 
           February 3-16, 2012 


Feeding dynamics and growth 

The feeding intensity of S. thompsoni measured as pigment content was 
high at every station except "Salpastan" (Fig. 12.3A). It appeared that 
very low Chla concentrations at the Salpastan affected the feeding 
activity of salps. In all other station, although Chla concentrations 
ranged between 0.5 and 3 mg m-3, no significant differences in salp gut 
pigment contents was found. The high variability in gut pigments, up to 
one order of magnitude, was found for both aggregates classified as males 
and solitary forms of S. thompsoni (Fig. 12.3A and B). 


Fig. 12.3. Gut pigment content of Salpa thompsoni aggregates (A) and 
           solitaries (B) during ANT-XXVIII/3. A: open diamonds 
           Рaggregates at Salpastan; open circles Рaggregates on any 
           other station (10°E, 12°W and 37°W); solid triangles - 
           aggregates classified as males. 


Previous studies found that there is insignificant diel variability in 
salp pigment content (Pakhomov, 2004). This allows rough calculations of 
salp daily ingestion rates, using the equation I = G x 24 x k, where I is 
ingestion rate (ng(pig).ind(^-1)day(^-1)), G is mean daily gut pigment 
content (ng(pig).ind(^-1)), and k is gut evacuation rate constant (taken 
from Pakhomov, 2004). Combining daily ingestion rates with salp size 
structure at each station, the preliminary grazing impact was estimated. 
It was the function of the both salp abundance and Chla standing stock. 
Generally, grazing impacts were <1% of Chla standing stock. The highest 
grazing impact was found at the Salpastan, where salp standing stock was 
estimated to be 441 in.m(^-2). This translated to a population grazing 
impact equal to 1.3.mg Chla.m(^-2), or ~6.3% of Chla standing stock, 
which is at the higher end of values reported to date for this species 
(Pakhomov et al., 2002, Pakhomov, 2004). 

Preliminary results on fecal pellet (FP) pigment composition of S. 
thompsoni show that FP pigment content increased with salp length, 
averaging 108, 285 and 385 ng(pig).pellet(^-1) in 20-25 mm, 30-35 mm and 
80 mm long salps, respectively (Fig. 12.4A). Due to high variability in 
fecal pigment content of in vitro produced pellets, there were no 
significant differences between fecal pellet contents of freshly produced 
pellets and pellets produced during in vitro experiments. This despite 
the mean values of fresh pellets being 2 to 3 fold lower pigment content 
(Fig. 12.4A). 

Fecal pellet production clearly decreased with the salp length (Fig. 
12.4B) and was within the range previously reported (0.03-1.5 
pellet.ind(^-1)hour(^-1)) for S. thompsoni in the Lazarev and 
Bellinghausen Sea as well as in the vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula 
(Pakhomov, 2004, Pakhomov et al., 2006, Phillips et al., 2009) 


Fig. 12.4: Fecal pellet pigment content (A) and production (B) of Salpa 
           thompsoni during ANT-XXVIII/3


Preliminary flux calculations (salps only) could be done by combining 
average salp abundance (assumed ~ 20 ind m(^-2) at the core station at 
12°W). If we assume that all pellets sink out of the euphotic zone, mean 
fecal pellet production is ~7 pellets ind(^-1)d-(^-1) (Fig. 12.4B), the 
mean fecal pellet content is ~200 ng(pig).pellet(^-1) and a Chla/C ratio 
of 200, the potential flux would be ~ 140 pellets.m(^-2)day(^-1), ~ 1300 
ng(pig).m(^-2)day(^-1) or ~ 5.8 mgC.m(^-2)day(^-1). This could latter be 
compared to the sediment trap results. 

During the core station at 12°W, there was opportunity to repeatedly 
sample the S. thompsoni population and obtain data that could be used to 
calculate the in situ growth rates by following a particular cohort of 
animals (Fig. 12.5). The main assumption for these measurements is that 
the same population (or population at the same development state) was 
sampled. The smallest cohort (ca 7-15 mm) appeared to grow approximately 
0.6 mm.day(^-1) (Fig. 12.5). The only previous in situ growth rates for 
S. thompsoni range from 0.23 mm.day(^-1) for solitaries and 0.4 mm.day-
(^-1) for 20-30 mm aggregates (Loeb et al., 2012). 


Fig. 12.5: Length frequency distribution of Salpa thompsoni during the 
           Core Station. At 51o S and 12o W between February 3 and 17, 
           2012.


Conclusions 

Population development of Salpa thompsoni appeared to be different 
regionally and requires further investigation to explain these patterns. 

Physiological rates (gut pigments, ingestion, egestion, growth) of Salpa 
thompsoni appeared to be within the ranges of previously measured rates 
in different parts of the Southern Ocean. 

Possible predatory control of the salp population development requires 
further investigation. 


Data management 

All data obtained will be prepared for publication and will be made 
available via PANGEA. 


References 

Hunt BPV, Pakhomov EA, Simon H (this volume). Zooplankton and particulate 
    organic matter (POM): community, size structure and stable isotope 
    composition. 

Loeb VJ, Santora JA, Reiss CS (2012). Population dynamics of Salpa 
    thompsoni near the Antarctic Peninsula: growth rates and interannual 
    variations in reproductive activity (1993-2009). Progress in 
    Oceanography, 96, 93 - 107. 

Pakhomov EA (2004), Salp/krill interactions in the eastern Atlantic 
    sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 2645-2660. 

Pakhomov EA, Froneman PW, Perissinotto R (2002). Salp/krill interactions 
    in the Southern Ocean: spatial segregation and implications for the 
    carbon flux. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 1881-1907. 

Pakhomov EA, Dubischar C, Strass V, Brichta M, Bathmann U (2006). The 
    tunicate Salpa thompsoni ecology in the Southern Ocean. РI. 
    Distribution, biomass, demography and feeding ecophysiology. Marine 
    Biology, 149, 609-623. 

Phillips B, Kremer P, Madin LP (2009). Defecation by Salpa thompsoni and 
    its contribution to vertical flux in the Southern Ocean. Marine 
    Biology, 156, 455д67. 




13.  ZOOPLANKTON AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER (POM): COMMUNITY, SIZE 
     STRUCTURE AND STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSTION 

     B.P.V. Hunt(1), E.A. Pakhomov(1),          1 UBC 
     Heike Simon(2)                             2 AWI 


Objectives 

Zooplankton community structure - spatial variation of zooplankton 
communities and their relationship to phytoplankton 

Size structure of zooplankton - biomass distribution and food chain 
length 


Work at sea 


Fig. 13.1. Location of RMT sampling stations during ANT-XXVIII/3


The zooplankton community was sampled through a combination of nets, 
providing quantitative coverage of microzooplankton (handnet; 26 
deployments), mesozooplankton (RMT1) and macrozooplankton/micronekton 
(RMT8) communities. A total of 36 RMT's were completed (Fig. 13.1). The 
bulk of these (29) were conducted at night as double oblique tows through 
the upper 250 m of the water column. Two daytime RMTs were conducted over 
the same depth range to provide data on diel migration, and an additional 
5 mesopelagic tows were completed to a minimum of 1,000 m depth. Handnets 
were completed at all RMT stations, weather permitting, with some 
additional deployments at other stations of interest. In addition to the 
RMT and handnets, 14 multi-net deployments were completed, sampling five 
depth strata between either 1,500-0m, or 1,000-0m. 

Deployments were made during both day and night in all of the three key 
sample areas, providing data on diel migration and depth distributions of 
mesozooplankton. Ad hoc bongo nets (10 deployments) were also completed, 
primarily to collect live salp specimens for faecal pellet production 
experiments. 


Tab. 13.1: Summary of community, biomass and stable isotope data 
           collected under the zooplankton program during ANT-XXVIII-3. 

Sample type   Gear      No. of   Mesh   Sampling   Community   Size fractions  
                       stations  size     depth   composition     (biomass,  
                                 (µm)     (µm)                  δ13C; δ15N)  
———————————  ————————  ————————  —————  ————————  ———————————  ——————————————
Zooplankton  RMT1+8       37     300/      250        Yes           Yes  
                                 4,500  
Zooplankton  Handnet      26     64         50°       Yes           Yes  
               
Zooplankton  Multinet     14     150      1,000       Yes           No  

Zooplankton  BONGO        10     100/      200        Yes           No  
                                 500 
Particulate  Niskin       42     NA     0 m; Chl      No            Yes  
organic                                 max  
matter  
(POM)  


Sample processing was primarily aimed at the four objectives outlined 
above. For later analysis of community composition, a fraction of the 
sample from each net was preserved in a buffered 4 % seawater/ 
formaldehyde solution. Size-structured sample processing proceeded by 
first washing the sample fraction through a column of sieves with the 
following mesh sizes (dependent on the mesh size of the net used): 64, 
125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 m. The entire content of each size 
fraction was oven dried at 50°C for a minimum of 24 hours. The 
zooplankton from the 4000m size fraction were identified to species level 
and measured, and the size classes of each species dried separately. 
Dried samples were packaged for transport to the University of British 
Columbia where each size fraction / species size class will be weighed 
and δ13C and δ15N measured. 

POM was collected at 42 stations to provide the lower size fractions (0.7 
to 64 µm) of the biomass and stable isotope size spectra. Samples were 
collected using a combination of surface bucket and Niskin bottle from 
the chlorophyll maximum. Due to the maximum 12 litre water volume 
available from the chlorophyll maximum, size fractionation was limited to 
the < or > 64 µm size classes. Unlimited surface water enabled more 
detailed size fractionation, using the following size classes: 64 to 20 
µm, 20 to 2 µm, and 2 to 0.7 µm. All size fractions were filtered onto 
pre-combusted GF/F filters and dried for later analysis. 


Additional data collections: 

Salpa thompsoni - Grazing impact and contribution to vertical flux 

Biochemistry - Euphausia superba, Themisto gaudichaudii and Salpa 
thompsoni specimens were collected biochemical analysis in collaboration 
with Dr. Bettina Meyer at the AWI. 

Polonium - 210 РPhytoplankton, mesozooplankton size fractions, and key 
macrozooplankton and micronekton were collected across 3 stations in the 
Georgia Basin by Viena Puigcorb and Muntsa Roca, to measure 210Po 
accumulation in Southern Ocean zooplankton. 

Domoic acid - Samples of key zooplankton species (amphipods, euphausiids 
and salps) were collected at PS79-136 and 140 for domoic acid analysis by 
Scarlett Trimborn and Clara Hoppe. 

Genetics - Collections of the two forms of Themisto gaudichaudii 
(bispinosa and compressa) were made to resolve their taxonomic status 
through genetic analysis. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Three sampling areas were covered. The first of these, the 10oE transect 
between 44 and 53oS, spanned the sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal 
Zone (PFZ) and Antarctic Zone (Fig. 13.2). Analysis of samples from this 
transect will provide insights into community biogeography, as well as 
physico-chemical effects on community size structure and trophic 
interactions. Preliminary results from the RMT8 showed a strong division 
between samples collected north and south of the northern Polar Front 
(nPF), most clearly evident is the high contribution of salps (the 
species Salpa thompsoni) south of this front. A feature of the 10oE 
transect was a warm core eddy at 46oS. The occurrence of sub-tropical 
zooplankton, notably the copepod Sapphirina sp. and the salp Pegea 
coenfederata, reflected the origins of this eddy. 

The three zones sampled during ANT-XXVIII/3 provide a unique opportunity 
to analyse longitudinal variation in zooplankton community composition 
and size structure within the Polar Frontal Zone. Furthermore, the 
between zone variation in phytoplankton biomass and composition will be 
used to investigate the impact of lower trophic level dynamics on 
zooplankton community composition, size structure and food web inter-
actions. Observations from the voyage were that the macro-zooplankton 
species composition was similar between the three sampling zones, being 
dominated by Salpa thompsoni, the amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii, and 
euphausiids (Euphausia vallentini, E. triacantha, Thysanoessa macrura). 


Fig. 13.2: Macrozooplankton community composition in RMT8 samples 
           collected from Zone 1, a transect along 10°E. SAF – Sub-
           Antarctic Front; nPF and sPF – north and south Polar Front


Euphausia superba was not recorded in the eastern most zone, but 
increased in occurrence westwards, reaching a peak in the Georgia Basin, 
north of South Georgia. The proportional contribution to biomass of the 
species mentioned above was highly variable and was most strongly 
characterised by an alternation in dominance of S. thompsoni and T. 
gaudichaudii. 


Fig. 13.3: Total volume of macrozooplankton collected at the eddy core of 
           between 3 and 16 February


The two-week occupation of the eddy core in zone 2 (51oS and 10oW) 
provided the opportunity to monitor the temporal development of the 
zooplankton community in a high chlorophyll biomass environment. After 
our first occupation of the core station on 3 February we observed a 
decline in S. thompsoni (and total macrozooplankton) biomass which was 
associated with an increase in the contribution of the T. gaudichaudii 
(Fig.13.3). The apparent negative correlation between these two species 
suggested that the latter was preying on S. thompsoni. Additional T. 
gaudichaudii were collected to validate this through a combination of gut 
content and DNA analysis. 


Data management 

All data obtained will be prepared for publication and will be made 
available via PANGEA. 




14.  CONTROLS ON THE VERTICAL FLUXES OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 

     Morten Hvitfeldt Iversen(1)                1 MARUM 
     Christine Klaas(2)                         2 AWI 


Objectives 

Sedimentation of marine snow, together with fecal pellets, produced by 
herbivorous zooplankton organisms, drives the export of organic matter 
from the surface to the deep ocean (Fowler and Knauer 1986). The 
transport of surface produced organic carbon to the deep ocean is termed 
the biological pump (Volk and Hoffert 1985). The Atlantic sector of the 
Southern Ocean has two areas with high productivity, downstream of the 
Antarctic Peninsula and in the Polar Front region. These two regions show 
differences in phytoplankton composition and dynamics, which may result 
in different efficiencies of the biological pump between the regions. 
Downstream of the Antarctic Peninsula the dominating diatom species is 
Chaetoceros spp. while the Polar Front region is dominated by 
Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. Benthic measurements of oxygen 
concentrations have indicated that both areas have high carbon fluxes to 
the sea floor (Sachs et al. 2009). However, the magnitude, variability, 
and composition of the carbon fluxes differ between the areas with 
constant high carbon fluxes downstream of the Antarctic Peninsula and 
more sporadic and overall lower carbon fluxes in the Polar Front 
(Abelmann et al. 2006, Sachs et al. 2009). The Polar Front region has 
high opal fluxes and accumulation rates in the sediment despite the 
sporadic carbon fluxes. This might suggest a decoupling between organic 
carbon and opal export supporting previous analysis of a global sediment 
trap data set showing low efficiency of organic carbon export in systems 
dominated by opal fluxes (Klaas and Archer 2002). However, this pattern 
seems only to apply to Polar Front region with fluxes dominated by large 
thick-shelled diatoms, while the region downstream of the Antarctic 
Peninsula have high organic carbon fluxes dominated by small resting 
spores from Chaetoceros spp. 

The objectives are to investigate the driving factors leading to the 
different flux patterns in the two regions, by capturing the export 
fluxes at two depths in the upper ocean and relate chemical fluxes to 
settling particle types and phytoplankton composition. 


Work at sea 

Export fluxes were collected by free drifting cylindrical sediment traps 
deployed simultaneously at the base of the mixed layer (at 100 m) and at 
300 m depth. At each depth an array of four cylindrical traps were 
deployed whereby samples from three tubes cylinders were used for 
biogeochemistry (particulate carbon, nitrogen, biogenic opal, calcium 
carbonate and lithogenic material). Further, sample aliquots from one of 
these cylinders, were stored for analysis using epifluorescence 
microscopy to identify the plankton composition and filtered for DNA 
extraction, respectively. The fourth cylindrical trap at each depth was 
equipped with polyacrylamide gel allowing preservation of sinking 
material in its original shape. Gels were processed on board using 
stereomicroscopy and digital camera to identify the different particle 
types (faecal pellet, marine snow aggregates, individual cells, etc.). 

The combination of deployments at the base of the mixed layer will 
provide quantitative and qualitative information on the origin of sinking 
particles and processes leading to the export of organic matter and 
biogenic silica from the euphotic zone. At 300 m depth deployments will 
provide an estimation of the magnitude of flux in the deeper layers (> 
300 m) as well as main processes leading to flux attenuation and particle 
transformation that occur primarily in the upper 200 m of the water 
column. 

Direct measurements of size-specific sinking speed and microbial 
respiration on different particle types (marine snow aggregates and salp 
faecel pellets) were performed in the laboratory using a flow chamber and 
oxygen microsensors. Water samples from stations PS79/64 and 142 taken at 
the depth of maximum fluorescence was incubated to form marine snow 
aggregates using roller tanks. 

Sediment traps were deployed at stations PS79/84, 86, 87, 91, 98, 100, 
114, 128, 136, 137, 139, 140, and 174. 

In addition to short-term surface traps a long-term (1 year) mooring was 
deployed in the Georgia Basin (Fig. 14.3) in order to study seasonality 
in the composition and magnitude of fluxes to the deep ocean in an area 
that is naturally fertilized by iron supply from the shelves around South 
Georgia. 


Preliminary results 

Fig. 14.1 shows the collected material for one of the upper (100 m) and 
the lower (300 m) trap cylinders from four different deployments. The 
small difference in the amount of material collected at 100 and 300 m 
indicates that a large part of the particles settled to deeper layers and 
degradation of settling material was rather low during our study. 


Fig. 14.1: Photographs of sediment trap cylinders with collected material 
           from 100 and300 m depths at four different stations. Station 
           number, duration and depth of trap cylinder are indicated for 
           each deployment above the photographs.


From material preserved within the gel traps different particle types 
could be identified. Fecal pellets seemed to dominate fluxes at the peak 
of the bloom while marine snow became more abundant as the chlorophyll a 
concentrations in the surface layers decreased. The dominant faecal 
pellet types differed between stations but consisted mainly either krill 
or salp pellets. The seemingly high fluxes at 300 m depth could be 
explained by the dominance of fecal pellets in the settling material, 
since our onboard measurements showed high sinking speeds of salp pellets 
reaching 900 m d-1 for very large pellets (see Fig. 14.2). However, 
sinking speeds of a few hundreds meter per day may be more realistic for 
in-situ settling velocity of salp pellets. Observations of salp pellets 
showed two different types of pellets: - one solid and seemingly fresh 
pellet type with high sinking speeds - a more loose and possibly partly 
degraded pellet type with low sinking speeds (see Fig. 14.2). The loose 
salp pellets resembled marine snow aggregates in appearance and sinking 
speed which averaged around 100 m d-1 similar to values measured for 
marine snow aggregates formed in the roller tank incubations (data not 
shown). 


Fig. 14.2: Sinking speed of salp fecal pellets plotted over the 
           equivalent spherical diameter (ESD). Two different pellet 
           types were distinguished, solid freshly produced pellets 
           (closed circles) and loose and possible partly degraded 
           pellets (open circles). The regression for the solid pellets 
           is: sinking speed = 207 * ESD(^1.12), R2 = 0.88 and for the 
           loose pellet it is: sinking speed = 125 * ESD(^0.53), R2 = 
           0.31.


Data management 

Data collected during this cruise will be deposited in PANGAEA. 


References 

Abelmann A, Gersonde R, Cortese G, Kuhn G, Smetacek V (2006). Extensive 
    phytoplankton blooms in the Atlantic sector of the glacial Southern 
    Ocean. Paleoceanography 21: PA1013 

Fowler SW, and Knauer GA (1986). The role of large particles in the 
    transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water 
    column. Prog. Oceanogr. 16: 147.194. 

Klaas C, Archer D (2002). Association of sinking organic matter with 
    various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for 
    the rain ratio hypothesis. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16, doi: 
    10.1029/2001GB001765. 

Sachs O, Sauter EJ, Schluter M, van der Loeff MMR, Jerosch K, Holby O 
    (2009). Benthic organic carbon flux and oxygen penetration reflect 
    different plankton provinces in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 
    Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 56: 1319.1335 

Volk, T, Hoffert MI (1985). Ocean carbon pumps: analysis of relative 
    strengths and efficiencies in ocean-driven atmospheric CO2 changes, 
    p. 99-110. In E. T. Sundquist and W. S. Broecker [eds.], The Carbon 
    Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. 
    AGU. 


Fig. 14.3: Long-term (1 year) mooring deployed in the Georgia Basin







SYSTCO II 

The scientific approach of SYSTCO II is based on the first venture and 
aims to pursue the international and interdisciplinary investigations of 
the seafloor which had started during ANDEEP-SYSTCO I in 2007/2008 in the 
Southern Ocean deep sea. The research area included those stations that 
were sampled during the "Eddy Pump" project. 

SYSTCO builds on the close cooperation of scientists from different 
disciplines, such as physical oceanography, planktology, biogeochemistry, 
sedimentology, and bathymetry with benthologist concentrating on various 
aspects to shed light on atmospheric-pelagic-benthic coupling processes. 
This has already been performed with remarkable success on the SYSTCO I 
cruise.    

Our contribution to SYSTCO II focused on three aspects: 

Diversity, distribution and abundance of deep-sea organisms from 
meiofaunal foraminifera to megafaunal organisms in relation to surface 
water productivity and sedimentation of organic material to the seafloor. 

Ecology of deep-sea fauna with regard to coupling processes utilizing 
different approaches, like traditional and molecular gut content analyses 
as well as biochemical investigations (fatty acid profiles and stable 
isotope C and N ratios). 

DNA preservation in the water column and the deep-sea sediments and its 
possible use to study the eukaryotes diversity in the present and the 
past. 


Data management 

Unless stated differently in the respective chapters, all SYSTCO II 
contributions are subject to the same data management. Metadata of 
SYSTCO-II can be provided for PANGAEA, however, after final determination 
and publication of the data, species data will be made available to the 
public via SCAR-MarBIN (SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network), 
GBIF or EurOBIS like during previous expeditions, such as SYSTCO or 
ANDEEP or to the new Antarctic subproject of GBIF (Global Biodiversity 
Information Facility), ANTABIF (Antarctic Biodiversity Information 
Facility). Furthermore, all Antarctic species published are reported to 
Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS). Genetic sequences are 
standardly submitted to the Genebank. 



 
15.  FORAMINIFERA OF THE DEEP SOUTHERN OCEAN: MUC DEPLOYMENTS 

     Tomas Cedhagen(1)                          1 UA 
     Freija Hauquier(2)                         2 UGent 
     Katharina Jger(3)                          3 ZSM 
     Franck Lejzerowicz(4)                      4 DGE Geneva 
     Sandor Mulsow(5)                           5 LEET-UACH 
     Laura Wzberg(6)                            6 ZMH 
     Ann-Christine Zinkann(6)

 
Objectives 

Sampling of deep-sea sediments was carried out with a multicorer (MUC) to 
retrieve virtually undisturbed sediment cores. Cores were then divided 
between the different working groups for further processing and analyses. 
A variety of purposes were assigned to the different MUC cores, including 
determination of sedimentary properties, biochemical analyses, and faunal 
community analyses (mainly meiofauna, i.e. Foraminifera and Nematoda). 
For more details on the different uses of the cores, see contributions of 
the different authors. 


Work at sea 

During ANT-XXVIII/3, different multicorers were used. Due to problems in 
the first weeks of the cruise with the larger multicorer (approx. 10 cm 
diameter cores, 8 cores mounted on frame), we shifted to the "Little" MUC 
during the first larger station. This smaller MUC fits 12 tubes, each 
with a diameter of approximately 6 cm (inner diameter of 5.7 cm, 
corresponding to approximately 25.5 cm. cross-sectional surface area). 
Table 15.1. gives an overview of the different MUC deployments, their 
position and depth, the used gear (large or small MUC) and the relative 
success of each deployment in number of cores retrieved. 

MUC sampling was conducted within three oceanographic regimes (roughly 
52°S 10°E, 52°S 12°W, and 51°S 39°W; depths between 3,000 and 5,000 m) in 
the framework of bentho-pelagic coupling. At each of these larger 
stations, a "full" benthic station took place, consisting of various MUC 
deployments, accompanied by the other benthic gears (EBS, AGT) and 
occasionally a CTD cast to collect bottom water for biochemical purposes. 
At the second position (52°S 12°W) the benthos was sampled twice, once 
before the Eddy Pump work of the Figure 15.1. Composed photography of all 
the cores collected on one MUC at station PS79/86. The layering was very 
characteristic of this station. The sediment core was well oxygenated. 
Sedimentary correlation was done by matching colour-coded (Munsell Chart: 
Geological Rock Color-Chart. 2009. Produced by Munsell Color) facies. The 
images were enhanced using ImageJTM (http://rsbweb.nih.gov) 
oceanographers, and one time afterwards (though at a slightly different 
position due to difficult bathymetry). At each full benthic station, 4 or 
5 replicate MUC-drops were carried out to increase statistical power and 
rule out small-scale variations in deep-sea sediments as a factor 
influencing benthic communities. Next to the full stations, three extra 
MUC drops have been carried out on the way between different 
oceanographic regions. After the deep benthic stations, a shallow station 
at roughly 54°S 52°W was sampled on the way to Punta Arenas. At this 
station, which had a depth of approximately 340 m, 6 MUC deployments were 
carried out, of which one failed. 

At each position, the MUC was lowered to the seafloor with a speed of 1 
or 1.5 m s(^-1). At roughly 100-50 m above the bottom, the lowering was 
interrupted for ~2 minutes to allow the stabilisation of the gear. After 
that, lowering continued with a speed of 0.5 Р0.7 m s(^-1) until the gear 
hit the bottom (as observed on the tension meter). Subsequently, 
approximately 20 m of extra cable was released and the winch was stopped 
for a few minutes. Finally, the MUC was pulled out of the sediment with a 
speed of 0.2 m s(^-1) and heaved again with 1 or 1.5 m s(^-1). Once back 
on the deck, the sediment cores were taken out, numbered, labelled, 
measured and distributed to the different groups. 


Tab. 15.1.: MUC deployments during ANT-XXVIII/3 for both MUC6 (multicorer 
            with ~6 cm diameter tubes) and MUC10 (~10 cm diameter tubes) 

Station        Date       Longitude    Latitude    depth   Gear    Success  
                                                    (m)
———————————  ——————————  ———————————  ———————————  ——————  —————  ————————
PS79/072-6   16/01/2012  48°59.96' S  10°00.22' E   3195.2  MUC10    failed  
PS79/072-7   16/01/2012  48°59.99' S  10°00.16' E   3197    MUC10    failed  
PS79/075-6   17/01/2012  50°01.45' S  09 58.90' E   3544.5  MUC10    failed  
PS79/075-10  17/01/2012  50°03.63' S  10°03.69' E   3669.2  MUC10    failed  
PS79/078-5   18/01/2012  51°00.00' S  10°00.00' E   3949.5  MUC10    failed  
PS79/081-7   19/01/2012  51°59.63' S  10°00.24' E   3745.7  MUC10   2 cores  
PS79/081-8   19/01/2012  51°59.99' S  09 59.99' E   3760.5  MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/081-9   19/01/2012  52°00.01' S  10°00.05' E   3760.7  MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/081-12  19/01/2012  51°59.93' S  10°00.06' E   3757.5  MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/081-13  19/01/2012  52°0.042' S  09 59.90' E   3760.5  MUC6    9 cores  
PS79/084-24  23/01/2012  53°00.67' S  10°03.00' E   4320.2  MUC6    9 cores  
PS79/085-14  27/01/2012  51°59.98' S  07 59.99' W   2749.2  MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/086-26   1/02/2012  51°58.87' S  12°03.76' W   3966.2  MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/086-27   1/02/2012  51°58.97' S  12°02.83' W   3943.2  MUC10   2 cores  
PS79/086-28   1/02/2012  51°58.74' S  12°02.11' W   3968    MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/086-29   1/02/2012  51°58.78' S  12°01.95' W   3970.8  MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/086-30   2/02/2012  51°58.91' S  12°02.16' W   3965.4  MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/141-3   17/02/2012  51°11.93' S  12°36.87' W   3925.5  MUC6     failed  
PS79/141-5   18/02/2012  51°16.04' S  12°36.88' W   4115.5  MUC6    4 cores  
PS79/141-6   18/02/2012  51°15.98' S  12°37.04' W   4113    MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/141-9   18/02/2012  51°16.03' S  12°37.06' W   4114    MUC6    8 cores  
PS79/141-10  19/02/2012  51°15.97' S  12°36.94' W   4113    MUC6    8 cores  
PS79/141-11  19/02/2012  51°16.02' S  12°37.12' W   4113.2  MUC6    9 cores  
PS79/174-23  02/03/2012  49°33.80' S  38°24.27' W   4881    MUC6    9 cores  
PS79/175-5   04/03/2012  50°46.69' S  39°25.35' W   4154.2  MUC6    9 cores  
PS79/175-6   04/03/2012  50°46.59' S  39°25.33' W   4155.2  MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/175-7   04/03/2012  50°46.60' S  39°25.38' W   4154.2  MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/175-8   04/03/2012  50°46.60' S  39°25.39' W   4154    MUC6   11 cores  
PS79/175-9   04/03/2012  50°46.57' S  39°25.33' W   4152.1  MUC6    7 cores  
PS79/177-3   07/03/2012  53°48.53' S  52°21.31' W   338.7   MUC6    6 cores  
PS79/177-4   07/03/2012  53°48.54' S  52°21.30' W   340.2   MUC6    6 cores  
PS79/177-5   07/03/2012  53°48.55' S  52°21.30' W   340.5   MUC6     failed  
PS79/177-6   07/03/2012  53°48.56' S  52°21.27' W   343     MUC6    7 cores  
PS79/177-8   07/03/2012  53°48.57' S  52°21.29' W   340.7   MUC6   10 cores  
PS79/177-9   07/03/2012  53°48.53' S  52°21.35' W   335.2   MUC6    9 cores  


Preliminary (expected) results 

See contributions of the different authors. 

Data management 

Refer to page 75. 




16.  ANTARCTIC DEEP-SEA BENTHOS - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
 
     Sandor Mulsow(1)                           1 LEET-UACh 


Objectives 

Biogeochemical and sedimentological characterization of sediment columns 
using microelectrodes, geochemical analyses and geochronology. 


Work at sea 

Sediment cores were collected using a multicorer slow penetration device. 
The perspex liners have 63 mm internal diameter. Undisturbed cores were 
selected for oxygen micro profiles determination in a temperature-
controlled laboratory (2-3C). At least 2 sediment cores per station were 
analysed for oxygen (6 microprofiles per core) using a UNISENSE 
electrodes. The microprofiles were done at 200 m intervals. Once the 
profiles were performed, each sediment core was sectioned every 5 mm down 
to 1 cm and thereafter every 10 mm until the bottom of the sediment core 
is reached. On one core, sections from 0-4 cm were sampled for pore water 
using a sediment water squeezer. One aliquot of the pore water samples 
was deep frozen for posterior analyzes of chlorophyll. The rest of pore 
water was frozen for posterior analyses of nutrients. All the sections 
(squeezed and non-squeezed) solid fraction was placed on pre weight petri 
dishes, stored at 2C on coolers for transport to the lab. In the lab, the 
solid fraction of the sectioned cores will be wet weighed, salt 
corrected, and dry wt determined (UACh-Valdivia-Chile) to be used for 
chemical analyses (ICP-MS: Li, Ti, V, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, As, Se, Mo) 
and geochronology (210Pb and 230Th). The resulting 210Pb profiles will be 
treated as time keepers (sedimentation rates derivation) as well as the 
result of biological benthic mixing rates of the visited benthic 
communities. All the parameters will be analyzed jointly with the 
biological benthic ecology variables collected during the sampling cruise 
as well. 


Preliminary results 

A total of 7 stations were sampled for sediments. A total of 21 sediment 
cores were collected for biogeochemical work. At least 16 ex-situ oxygen 
micro-profiles were performed at each station. Most of the sediments were 
characterised as well oxygenated. No anoxic conditions were found. At one 
station, PS79/174, oxygen consumption was higher than in any other 
sediment column sampled during this cruise. Some layering was observed at 
station PS79/86 (Fig. 16.1). This layered sediment core was sectioned at 
high resolution to study the provenance of the layers (geochemistry and 
geochronology). 79 

Fig. 16.1: Composed photography of all the cores collected on one MUC at 
stationPS79/86. The layering was very characteristic of this station. The 
sediment core was well oxygenated. 

Data management 

Refer to page 75. 




17.  FORAMINIFERA OF THE DEEP SOUTHERN OCEAN: BENTHO-PELAGIC DISTRIBUTION 
     AND PAST AND PRESENT METAGENETICS 

     Tomas Cedhagen(1),                          1 UA 
     Franck Lejzerowicz(2)                       2 DGE Geneva 
     Jan Pawlowski(2) (not on board) 


Background and objectives 

In high latitude systems, Foraminifera represents the most diversified 
and abundant group of protistan meiofauna thriving on the deep-sea floor. 
Given highly variable morphologies and patchiness across samples, 
accurate species identification and distribution surveys are challenging, 
especially for minute and inconspicuous monothalamous (single-chambered) 
species hidden within sediment particles. The non-fossilized 
monothalamous foraminifera and their bentho-pelagic distribution patterns 
are often overlooked in biodiversity studies, despite increasing evidence 
that they form a major driver of deep-sea benthic dynamics. 

The main objective of this project is to target foraminifera in deep-sea 
Antarctic sediments to conduct a comprehensive metagenetic study across 
the bentho-pelagic deposition system. Using sorted specimens as well as 
bulk sediment material collected during this cruise, the following 
questions will be addressed: (1) Which and how many deep Southern Ocean 
species display small and large scale cosmopolitanism patterns? (2) Is 
there an unexplored pelagic group of monothalamous foraminifera 
restricted to the water column? (3) Is deposited and sediment-borne 
extracellular DNA a good proxy for seasonal variation? (4) Are ancient 
foraminiferal DNA sequences preserved in Antarctic downcore sediment 
recoverable and diverse?


Fig. 17.1: Picked specimens of foraminiferans andrelated taxa for all 
           stations. ROT: Rotaliids, UNK:not identifiable on board, 
           GROMIID: Gromiids, MON:Monothalamiids, XENO, Xenophyophoreans, 
           LAG:  Lagenidae, ROB: Robertinidae, MIL: Miliolidae, TEX: 
           Textulariids, KOMOKI: Komokiaceae.  


Moreover, we will participate in the identification of foraminiferal 
components of isopods diet, based on DNA analysis of their gut content. 
We will also complete our taxonomic survey of Southern Ocean deep-sea 
foraminifera, with particular emphasis given to monothalamous species. 


Work at sea 

We collected surface sediment samples from abyssal water depths using a 
multicorer (MUC) and received supplementary material from Agassiz trawl 
(AGT) end epibenthic sledge (EBS). For species sorting, the top 2-3 
centimeters of each core sample were sieved immediately after retrieval 
and living foraminifera hand picked under a binocular microscope. Each 
single living specimen was photographed and isolated in different 
fixative solutions for morphological characters preservation and DNA 
(and/or RNA) extraction in order to improve our small-subunit ribosomal 
RNA gene (SSU rDNA) sequence reference database. All handling of 
foraminiferans was done in a cool container at 0°C or on ice. For each 
benthic station, 6 cores were sub-sampled (3 deployments; 2 cores per 
deployment) for investigation of large-scale cosmopolitanism to small-
scale micro-heterogeneity patterns. From each of these cores, 3 sub-
samples were frozen at -20°C and 3 sub-samples deep-frozen at -80°C for 
DNA/RNA-based diversity analyses. For each station, the longest 
undisturbed sediment core was sub-sampled downcore in order to recover 
ancient DNA for paleogenetic analysis of past foraminiferal diversity. 
Using sterile spatulas and changing gloves between each 5 cm-separated 
sub-sampled layers, sediment replicates from the center of the core were 
frozen at -20°C for total DNA extraction as well as ca. 3 g of sediment 
mixed in 5 ml MoBio Lifeguard Preservation Solution for total RNA 
extraction. From each MUC deployment a replicate consisting of the upper 
2 cm of an entire core was fixed in formalin for later quantitative 
analysis of the community. A limited number of selected foraminiferans 
with a very large volume of cytoplasm, as well as surface sediment, were 
frozen in order to analyze the content of algal pigments by the use of 
HPLC. Additionally, surface- and deep-water DNA samples were taken to 
search for monothalamous foraminiferans living in the water column and 
dispersal forms (propagules) stemming from the benthos. Ten liters of a 
mixture of CTD water from 1,000 and 2,000 meters depths were filtered 
over GF/F filters in replicates as well as from the bottom water. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-four specimens were assigned either 
to formally described genera or species or informal morphospecies names 
prior to future studies. Of these, a lower number were dried on micro-
paleontological slides or fixed either in buffered 4 % formalin or 96 % 
ethanol for further morphological and histological analyses. The majority 
of foraminiferans Р1,624 individuals Рwere fixed in guanidine buffer with 
(508 individuals) or without (367 individuals) EDTA for single-specimen 
DNA extraction or in RNA later (759 individuals) for both RNA and DNA 
extractions. 

Based on gross morpho-logical characters, they were reliably binned into 
groups either well defined morphologically or phylogenetically. Fig. 17.1 
shows the numbers of specimens retrieved from different stations for 
these groups. 

Although the above data for picked specimen that are interesting for 
molecular work (phylogenetics, transcriptomics) do not represent the 
taxonomic composition of live species in the sieved samples, the sediment 
was dominated by various agglutinated forms (Textulariids). Almost no 
calcareous foraminifera were found at the stations off South Georgia (st. 
PS79/174 and 175). 

Some representative species of deep-sea forminiferans are illustrated 
(Fig. 17.2). Some foraminiferans displaying large masses of cytoplasm 
pouring off the test were frozen for HPLC pigment detection (Fig. 17.2, 
A). A species belonging to the genus Vanhoeffenella was found alive (Fig. 
17.2, B). According to a recent metagenetic analysis, this genus is the 
most cosmopolitan in the deep sea (Lecroq et al. 2011). Surprisingly, a 
robertiniid foraminiferan with aragonitic test was found in a 4,000 
meters deep station (Fig. 17.2, C). The pan-Antarctic genus Epistominella 
was found in most stations (Fig. 17.2, D). Gromiids are generally poorly 
known but were found in fairly large numbers and in all deep stations (68 
picked specimens, Fig 17.2, E). 


Fig. 17.2: Representative picked species. A „Botellina“, B 
           Vanhoeffenella, C Robertinidae,D1 and D2 Epistominella apical 
           and umbilical sides, E Gromiida. Scale bars are 250micrometers 
           long.


Data management 

All specimens isolated for molecular work will be found in the 
foraminiferal DNA reference database (http://forambarcoding.unige.ch). 


Acknowledgements 

Cruise participation by FL was supported by the Swiss National Science 
Foundation Grant 31003A-125372. TC was supported by the Carlsberg 
Foundation (Project number 2011_01_0574). 


References 

Lecroq B, Lejzerowicz F, Bachar D, Christen R, Esling P, Baerlocher L, 
    Osteras M, Farinelli L, Pawlowski J (2011). Ultra-deep sequencing of 
    foraminiferal microbarcodes unveils hidden richness of early 
    monothalamous lineages in deep-sea sediments. PNAS, doi/10.1073 
    pnas.1018426108. 




18.  THE LINK BETWEEN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL BIODIVERSITY OF THE 
     MEIOBENTHOS IN THE ANTARCTIC DEEP SEA: FOCUS ON NEMATODES 

     Freija Hauquier(1)                         1 UGent 
     Ann Vanreusel(1) (not on board) 


Objectives 

Nematodes are the most abundant metazoan meiobenthic taxon in many areas 
of the world's ocean. Also in the deep sea they tend to be dominant and 
densities can be high, which makes them important players in the benthic 
food web. However, knowledge on the biodiversity and functioning of 
nematode communities is still scarce, especially in the deep realms of 
the oceans. In continuation of the SYSTCO I expedition we therefore aimed 
to further elucidate on the role of meiofauna, and especially nematodes, 
in the carbon flow through benthic deep-sea sediments of the Antarctic in 
relation to their biodiversity and surface water productivity. In order 
to unravel the link between nematode biodiversity and function, it is 
essential to reveal the interactions in the benthic food web and their 
trophic position at locations with contrasting food input. This 
contrasting food input was generated by sampling in three different 
oceanic regimes, with different chlorophyll a concentrations, as observed 
from satellite images. Through community analysis and biochemical 
profiles (fatty acids and/or stable isotopes) we hope to shed more light 
on the link between surface productivity and benthic nematode communities 
(i.e. bentho-pelagic coupling). 


Work at sea 

At all deep benthic stations, and for each MUC deployment, 2 cores were 
selected for meiofauna community analysis and fatty acid profiles (see 
Table 18.1. for an overview of the cores taken and their purpose). The 
core for community analysis was each time sliced down to 10 cm core depth 
in slices of 1 cm for the first 5 centimetres, and 1 slice of 5 cm from 
5-10 cm. All separate sediment slices are stored on 4-7% buffered 
formalin until further analysis. The second core, to be analysed for 
fatty acids, was sliced down to 5 cm sediment depth in slices of 1 cm of 
thickness. Each slice is stored in petri dishes at -80°C. The same slices 
will be used afterwards to determine a set of sediment characteristics, 
including grain size, sediment-bound pigment concentrations and C/N 
ratios. To compare fatty acid and/or stable isotope signals in the 
nematodes with the water column, bottom and surface water (sampled with a 
CTD rosette mounted with Niskin bottles and with buckets) has been 
filtered over GF/F filters. The filters are stored in glass vials at -
80°C. 

At the shallow station at roughly 54°S 52°W, samples were taken for a 
small-scale project where community structure is compared between 
regions, different deployments, different cores of each deployment and 
different parts of one core. For three deployments, 2 cores were taken 
and divided in slices of 0-3 cm and 3-5 cm. Subsequently, the slices were 
subdivided in 6 parts of which 3 are stored on 4-7% formalin and 3 at -
80°C for sediment characteristics. 

All organisms sampled quantitatively with the MUC6 will be sorted and 
counted on major taxon level at the lab of the Marine Biology Section of 
Ghent University. Nematodes will be identified down to genus level at the 
Marine Biology Section of Ghent University. Nematodes for fatty acid 
analyses will be picked out from each sediment layer stored at -80°C, 
after which the analyses (both extraction of fatty acids and 
identification of signals) will be performed in the lab. Fatty acid 
and/or stable isotope analysis on the GF/F filters stored at -80°C will 
also be carried out in the lab of Ghent University. 


Tab. 18.1: MUC deployments and cores used for meiofauna community 
           analysis and fatty acid profiles. (comm = community; FA = 
           Fatty Acids; env = environmental characteristics) 

Station  | Station        Date       Latitude    Longitude    Depth  Core |  Pur-   | Fixation  
info     |                                                     (m)    Id. |  pose  |
———————— | ———————————  ——————————  ———————————  ———————————  ——————  ——— | —————— | ———————————
         |                                                             3  | comm   | 4% formalin
         | PS79/081-8   19/01/2012  51°59.99' S   9°59.99' E  3760.5    4  | FA+env |    -80°C  
         |                                                             6  | FA+env |    -80°C  
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|———————————
         | PS79/081-9   19/01/2012  52°0.01' S   10°0.05' E   3760.7    8  | FA+env |    -80°C
 FULL    |                                                            10  | comm   | 4% formalin  
STATION  | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/081-12  19/01/2012  51°59.93' S  10°0.06' E   3757.5    6  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                             8  | FA+env |    -80°C
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/081-13  19/01/2012  52°0.042' S   9°59.90' E  3760.5    6  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                             7  | FA+env |    -80°C
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         |                                                             4  | comm   | 4% formalin  
TRANSECT | PS79/084-24  23/01/2012  53°0.67' S   10°3.00' E   4320.2    5  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             6  | FA+env |    -80°C
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         |                                                             8  | comm   | 4% formalin  
 WEST    | PS79/085-14  27/01/2012  51°59.98' S   7°59.99' W  2749.2    9  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                            11  | FA+env |    -80°C
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/086-26   1/02/2012  51°58.87' S  12°3.76' W   3966.2    4  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             8  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
 FULL    | PS79/086-28   1/02/2012  51°58.74' S  12°2.11' W   3968      6  | FA+env |    -80°C
STATION  |                                                             8  | comm   | 4% formalin  
(before  | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
 Eddy    | PS79/086-29   1/02/2012  51°58.78' S  12°1.95' W   3970.8    3  | comm   | 4% formalin  
 Pump)   |                                                             5  | FA+env |    -80°C
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/086-30   2/02/2012  51°58.91' S  12°2.16' W   3965.4    1  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             3  | comm   | 4% formalin  
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/141-5   18/02/2012  51°16.04' S  12°36.88' W  4115.5    1  | FA+env |    -80°C
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/141-6   18/02/2012  51°15.98' S  12°37.04' W  4113      3  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             4  | comm   | 4% formalin  
 FULL    | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
STATION  | PS79/141-9   18/02/2012  51°16.03' S  12°37.06' W  4114      6  | FA+env |    -80°C
(after   |                                                             8  | comm   | 4% formalin  
 Eddy    | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
 Pump)   | PS79/141-10  19/02/2012  51°15.97' S  12°36.94' W  4113      3  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             6  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/141-11  19/02/2012  51°16.02' S  12°37.12' W  4113.2    3  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             5  | comm   | 4% formalin  
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|———————————— 
 DEEP    | PS79/174-23  02/03/2012  49°33.80' S  38°24.27' W  4881      7  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                             8  | comm   | 4% formalin  
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|———————————— 
         | PS79/175-5   04/03/2012  50°46.69' S  39°25.35' W  4154.2    7  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                             8  | FA+env |    -80°C
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/175-6   04/03/2012  50°46.59' S  39°25.33' W  4155.2    5  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                             6  | FA+env |    -80°C
 FULL    | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
STATION  | PS79/175-7   04/03/2012  50°46.60' S  39°25.38' W  4154.2    2  | comm   | 4% formalin  
(South   |                                                             3  | FA+env |    -80°C
Georgia) | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/175-8   04/03/2012  50°46.60' S  39°25.39' W  4154      1  | FA+env |    -80°C
         |                                                            10  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/175-9   04/03/2012  50°46.57' S  39°25.33' W  4152.1    3  | comm   | 4% formalin  
         |                                                             6  | FA+env |    -80°C
—————————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|————————|————————————
         | PS79/177-3   07/03/2012  53°48.53' S  52°21.31' W   338.7    2  |        |
         |                                                             4  |        |
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|        |  
SHALLOW  | PS79/177-4   07/03/2012  53°48.54' S  52°21.30' W   340.2    4  | Small- |  Formalin
         |                                                             5  | scale  |  & -80°C 
         | ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————|        |
         | PS79/177-6   07/03/2012  53°48.56' S  52°21.27' W   343      1  |        |
                                                                       2  |        |
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 


Preliminary and expected results 

Since extraction of animals and the analysis of environmental 
characteristics and fatty acids have to be done in a standardised way in 
the lab, no preliminary results are available for the meiobenthos. 

Due to their small size, nematode identification at genus level has to be 
carried out on a light stereoscope microscope. Only a limited number of 
nematodes have been identified in this way onboard, on a stereoscopic 
microscope belonging to the Hamburg group (ZSM). It concerns nematodes 
retrieved from the epibenthic sledge (EBS) instead of the MUC, and 
therefore only qualitative samples of the larger fraction of the 
nematodes (>300 m). Of these few identified nematode specimens, no 
surprises were found. All genera identified are regular inhabitants of 
deep-sea sediments. Most frequently found are the genera Halalaimus, 
Actinonema and Viscosia. Identification of the nematodes of the 
quantitative samples will be carried out in the lab of the Marine Biology 
Section, Ghent University. 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 




19.  THE EPIBENTHIC SLEDGE (EBS) DEPLOYMENT 

     Angelika Brandt(1),                       1 ZMH 
     Laura Wüzberg(1),                         2 IRScNB 
     Simone Brandao(1), Sarah Schnurr(1),      3 ZSM 
     Anna Meyer-Löbbecke(1), Charlotte         4 Senckenberg
     Havermans(2), Ann-Christine Zinkann(3),   5 DZMB 
     Katharina Jörger(3), Enrico Schwabe(3), 
     Dorte Janussen(4), Martina Vortkamp(5)

 
Objectives 

The epibenthic sledge was deployed in order to obtain macrofaunal 
organisms suitable for systematic, phylogenetic and ecologic studies. We 
were especially interested in peracarid crustaceans, molluscs and 
polychaetes, but also in meiofaunal organisms (foraminiferans and 
nematodes) as well as in megafaunal organisms such as sponges or 
echinoderms that are regularly caught with the EBS. 


Work at sea 

The epibenthic sledge (EBS) (Fig. 19.1.) was successfully deployed at 
seven stations (Fig. 19.2.; Table 19.1). While the epibenthic sampler 
extends from 27 to 60 cm above the seafloor, the suprabenthic sampler 
(fixed on the top of the epibenthic box; Fig. 19.1.) extends from 100 to 
133 cm above the bottom. A plankton net is attached to each sampler, of 
0.5 mm mesh size for the epinet and supranet and 0.3 mm for the cod ends. 
When the sledge touches the seafloor, a shovel fixed to the box door of 
the epibenthic sampler opens both boxes. The doors are closed 
mechanically when the sledge leaves the bottom. 

The EBS was lowered with 0.7 m s-1 to the ground and then with 0.5 m s(^-
1) (ship speed compensates for the lowering in order to lay the wire 
straight in front of the gear on the ground) to 1.5 cable length to water 
depth. It was then hauled over the ground for 10 min at a mean velocity 
of 1 knot. Afterwards the ship stopped and holstering was done with -0.5 
m s(^-1) until the EBS had left the ground, then it was holstered with -
0.7/1 m s(^-1) until it reached the deck of Polarstern. The haul 
distances were calculated from the time the sledge travelled on the 
ground until to the moment when it had left the ground, which was 
indicated by the tension meter. Haul lengths varied from 2,585 m to 4,789 
m; for the comparative analysis the data will be standardised to 1,000 m 
hauls, equivalent to a bottom area of 1,000 m. sampled by the sledge. In 
total, 29,090 m. ocean bottom were sampled. On deck the sample was 
immediately transferred into pre-cooled 96 % ethanol and kept at least 
for 48 hours at -20°C for DNA extraction, selected individuals were 
quickly sorted and selected key species were frozen at -80°C for 
biochemistry. First extractions of DNA had already been done on board. 
Specimens were completely sorted on board to species level, 
identification will later be done in the laboratory in the Zoological 
Museum of the University of Hamburg, where extensive literature is 
available. 


Fig. 19.1: Schematic illustration of the epibenthic sledge (Nils Brenke, 
           DZMB)


Tab. 19.1.: EBS station table. EBS was lost at station 141-4 (grey) 

sta-     date     Long_start   Lat_start    Long_end     Lat_end    distance  depth  
tion                                                                           (m)
—————  —————————  ———————————  ——————————  ———————————  ——————————  ————————  —————
81-17  20.Jan 12  010°00.72'E  52°00.18'S   009°59.27'E  51°59.67'S  3926,333  3756  
81-18  20.Jan 12  010°01.47'E  52°00.36'S   009°59.58'E  51°59.88'S  4789,467  3756  
84-25  23.Jan 12  010°03.55'E  53°00.89'S   010°02.12'E  53°00.22'S  4524,6    4046  
85-15  27.Jan 12  007°59.73'W  51°59.88'S   008°00.59'W  52°00.29'S  2585,533  2752  
86-20  31.Jan 12  012°03.17'W  59°59.83'S   012°10.10'W  51°59.69'S  4441,533  3970  
86-24  01.Feb 12  012°02.94'W  52°00.07'S   012°04.52'W  51°59.21'S  4318,934  3994  
86-25  01.Feb 12  012°02.05'W  52°00.49'S   012°03.65'W  51°59.56'S  4503,267  3940  
141-4  17.Feb 12  012°37.06'W  51°11.97'S   012°37.06'W  51°12.08'S  lost      3913  


Fig. 19.2: SYSTCO II stations sampled by means of the epibenthic sledge


Preliminary and expected results 

From the major macrofaunal taxa more than 3,000 specimens were sampled. 
Crustacea occurred most frequently in the samples, followed by 
polychaetes and molluscs. Objectives and results from this work will be 
presented in subsequent reports of the EBS, only a general table is 
presented here (Tab. 19.2.). 


Tab. 19.2: Abundance of macrofaunal taxa in the EBS catches (raw data) 

      haul             17   18   25   15   20   24   25  number
      ———————————————  ——  ———  ———  ———  ———  ———  ———  ——————
      Polychaeta       13  104  153   23   10  208   19    530 
      Crustacea        49  329  252  177  350  504  365   2026 
      Echinodermata          6    7   12    2    3    0     30 
      Mollusca         18   34   36   14   27   94  102    325 
      Nemathelminthes   4   41   63   10   14   21    8    136 
      Porifera          3    7    3    1    0    3    0     17 
      ———————————————  ——  ———  ———  ———  ———  ———  ———  ——————
      Total            87  521  514  237  403  833  494   3113


In general it can be noted that the abundances are generally rather low 
at all stations in the Polar Front region compared to stations taken at 
higher latitudes in the Weddell Sea (Brandt et al., 2007a-c; Brökeland et 
al. 2007; Malyutina & Brandt 2007). 


Fig. 19.3: Abundance of macrofaunal taxa in the EBS catches (raw data)


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Brandt A, Brkeland W, Choudhury M, Brix S, Kaiser S, Malyutina M (2007a). 
    Deep-sea isopod biodiversity, abundance and endemism in the Atlantic 
    sector of the Southern Ocean Рresults from the ANDEEP I - III 
    expeditions. Deep-Sea Research II, 54, 1760-1775. 

Brandt A, De Broyer C, De Mesel I, Ellingsen KE, Gooday A, Hilbig B, 
    Linse K, Thomson M, Tyler P (2007b). The deep benthos. In: A Rogers 
    (ed.): Antarctic Ecology: From Genes to Ecosystems, Royal Society, 
    London. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 
    Series B (2007) 362, 39ж6. 

Brandt A, Gooday AJ, Brix SB, Brkeland W, Cedhagen T, Choudhury M, 
    Cornelius N, Danis B, De Mesel I, Diaz RJ, Gillan DC, Ebbe B, Howe J, 
    Janussen D, Kaiser S, Linse K, Malyutina M, Brandao S, Pawlowski J, 
    Raupach M (2007c). The Southern Ocean deep sea: first insights into 
    biodiversity and biogeography. Nature 447, 307-311. 

Brökeland W, Choudhury M, Brandt A (2007). Composition, abundance and 
    distribution of Peracarida from the Southern Ocean deep sea, Deep-Sea 
    Research II, 54, 1752-1759. 

Malyutina M, Brandt A (2007). Diversity and zoogeography of Antarctic 
    deep-sea Munnopsidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota). Deep-Sea 
    Research II, 54, 1790-1805. 




20.  ON THE FUNCTIONAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF BENTHIC ABYSSAL KEY 
     SPECIES 

     Laura Wzberg(1), Ann-Christine             1 ZMH 
     Zinkann(1),  Angelika Brandt(1) 


Objectives 

Still many knowledge gaps exist concerning ecology and role of deep-sea 
fauna in trophodynamic processes in oceanic ecosystems. In course of the 
SYSTCO II project, we therefore aim at examining the trophic structure 
and functioning of the abyssal benthic community of the Southern Atlantic 
Ocean, focusing specifically on the coupling of water column processes 
with the deep-sea ecosystem in three contrasting areas (regimes). All 
three regimes present a characteristic sediment composition partly due to 
different algae communites 1) Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, 2) Chaetoceros 
spp. and 3) overlap of F. kerg. and C. spp. Besides these three regimes, 
we sampled at distinct primary production scenarios, including low 
chlorophyll stations, one station during an algae bloom with high 
chlorophyll values and the same area just shortly after the downward 
export occurred, to investigate pelago-benthic coupling processes (Tab. 
20.1). 

Various benthic organisms sampled by means of Agassiz trawl and 
Epibenthic sledge were collected for biochemical analyses, such as fatty 
acid and stable isotopes, as well as for gut content analyses based on 
molecular methods. 

Analyzing the fatty acid composition provides the opportunity to 
reconstruct the diet composition and to interpret the importance of 
specific food sources of each sampled specimen by applying the trophic 
marker approach (Dalsgaard et al. 2003). Additionally, ratios of the C 
and N stable isotopes will provide information about the trophic level of 
the analyzed specimens (Post, 2002). An additional method providing 
higher taxonomic resolution of dietary organisms is the application of 
molecular sequencing methods on gut contents. This approach builds on the 
fact that DNA from consumed organisms is usually not completely degraded 
during digestion and therefore can be analyzed using PCR (polymerase 
chain reaction) applied with universal primers (Jarman et al., 2004). 

In order to obtain information throughout the whole benthic food web, 
animals representing different trophic levels were sampled. For the 
biochemical analyses we focused sampling effort mainly on echinoderms 
(Holothuroidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea), but additionally sampled 
bivalves, gastropods, isopods, polychaetes, cnidarians and fishes (Tab. 
20.2). In case of the gut content analyses, the focus was laid on 
investigating the importance of foraminiferans in the diet of selected 
isopod and polychaete species (in cooperation with Jan Pawlowski (not on 
board) and Franck Lejzerowicz; Tab. 20.3). As one of the main objectives 
is the comparison between different regimes and divergent primary 
production states, it was crucial to succeed in sampling the same taxa 
(preferably genera) at each station. Pelagobenthic coupling processes 
will be investigated by comparing the obtained results with ample 
parameters. These include fatty acid composition and stable isotope 
ratios of sediment, bottom and surface water, stable isotope ratios of 
pelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton (in cooperation with Evgeny Pakhomov 
and Brian Hunt), specific chlorophyll values of each sampled regime (in 
cooperation with Christine Klaas), downward flux of particles (in 
cooperation with Morten H. Iversen) and HPLC pigment analysis of bottom 
water (in cooperation with Wee Cheah and Mariana Altenburg Soppa). 

Work at sea 

Specimens for biochemistry were primarily collected with the Agassiz 
trawl, while isopods and polychaetes for the molecular gut contents were 
mainly sampled with the Epibenthic sledge. Voucher pictures were taken of 
each sampled animal. Identification to the lowest taxonomic level was 
conducted as far as possible on board and will be finalized in 
cooperation with the according specialists for each group. Tissue samples 
for biochemical analyses were taken from larger individuals (e.g., fish, 
holothurians), while smaller individuals were frozen completely. Tissue 
samples of subsampled specimens were additionally preserved in 96 % 
ethanol to allow subsequent genetic analyses. Complete isopod and 
polychaete specimens for molecular gut content analyses were preserved in 
96 % ethanol and will be dissected later on. Additionally, biomass 
measurements (length and volume) of some taxa were conducted. 

Sediment samples for comparative fatty acid and stable isotope analyses 
were collected from the Multiple Corer (MUC). Additionally, samples of 
the sediment surface water for pigment analyses (HPLC) were taken from 
the MUC. Bottom water was sampled by means of a CTD (conductivity, 
temperature, depth DROP: density probe with Niskin bottle rosette), while 
surface water was sampled with buckets. The water was immediately 
filtered over pre-combusted and pre-weighed GF/F filters at 200 mbar for 
comparative fatty acid and stable isotope analyses. Different volumes of 
water (depending on the content of particulate organic matter, POM) were 
filtered until a distinct coloring appeared on the filter. 


Preliminary results 

In total, seven benthic stations were sampled (Tab.20.1). 


Tab. 20.1: Station details 

Station   longitude    latitude   Depth   Regime 
                                   [m]
———————   ———————————  —————————  ——————  ———————————————————————————————
PS79/177  052°21.30'W  53°48.53'S   340    Shallow station Burdwood Banks 
PS79/175   50°46,63'S  39°25,41'W  4153.7  South Gorgia high Chlorophyll 
PS79/141  012°37.06'W  51°16.03'S  4114.2  West low high chlorophyll boundary 
PS79/86   012°02.11'W  51°58.74'S  3968.7  Full Station high Chlorophyll 
PS79/81    09°59.99'E  51°59.99'S  3760.5  Full Station low Chlorophyll 


A total of 288 organisms were sampled for biochemical analyses in course 
of the expedition. We were successful in obtaining comparable samples at 
the different regimes. This accounts especially for echinoderms, of which 
the same genera (possibly species) were found at different stations. In 
case of other taxa (e.g., fish, bivalves) we were able to sample 
representative species of different trophic levels which will also allow 
comparison between the stations (Table 20.2). 


Tab. 20.2: Organisms sampled for biochemical analyses at each station 

              PS79/81  PS79/84  PS79/85  PS79/86  PS79/141  PS79/175  PS79/177  sum  
              ———————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ————————  ————————  ————————  ———
Cnidaria         1        0        0        0        4         0         0        5  
Bivalvia         2        0        0        0        7         6         3       18  
Gastropoda       0        0        0        2        9         6         0       17  
Polychaeta       0        0        0        3       10         0         7       20  
Isopoda          3        0        0        0        4         3         0       10 
Asteroidae       3        3        0        3       12        23         6       50 
Holothuridae     5        7        3       18       22        63         5      123  
Ophiuridae       3        3        0        3        6         6         3       24  
Pisces           3        1        0        0        4        10         3       21  
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Total sum                                                                       288  


Concerning molecular gut content analyses, 61 individuals of the targeted 
polychaete taxa and 30 individuals of the targeted isopod taxa could be 
obtained (Table 20.3). Further specimens will be picked from bulk samples 
later on. 


Tab. 20.3: Isopod and polychaete specimens sampled for molecular gut 
           content analyses at each station 

                           PS79/81  PS79/85  PS79/86  PS79/141  PS79/175  PS79/177  sum  
—————————————————————————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ————————  ————————  ————————  ———
Isopod target species         14       3        2        5        6          0       30  
Polychaete target species      7       4        8        2       28         12       61  


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Dalsgaard J, St. John M, Kattner G, Mller-Navarra D, Hagen W(2003).Fatty 
    acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment. Advances in 
    Marine Biology 46, 225-340. 

Jarman SN, Deagle BE, Gales NJ (2004). Group-specific polymerase chain 
    reaction for DNA-based analysis of species diversity and identity in 
    dietary samples. Molecular Ecology 13, 1313-1322. 

Post DM (2002). Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position. 
    Models, methods and assumptions. Ecology 83(3), 703з18. 




21.  BARCODING DEEP-SEA ISOPODA 

     Sarah Schnurr(1,2),                        1 Senckenberg/DZMB 
     Anna Meyer-Lbecke(2),                      2 ZMH 
     Angelika Brandt(2) 
     Saskia Brix(1) (not on board) 


Objectives 

Crustaceans are particularly regarded as ubiquitous and extremely 
diverse, in terms of species numbers and in their range of morphologies 
(Hessler, 1981). Especially asellote isopods are regarded as the most 
frequent crustacean taxon present in most abyssal benthic samples 
(Sanders et al., 1965, Sanders & Hessler, 1969, Brandt et al., 2007). 

DNA barcoding is known as a standardized approach in order to identify 
species by comparing small DNA sequences with each other. DNA barcoding 
can be used to delineate species complexes. Thus, DNA barcoding is used 
to combine the classic taxonomic approach of species descriptions. The 
Folmer primer set (HCO and LCO) will be used for amplification of a 658 
bp fragment of the CO I gene (Folmer et al., 1994). In addition, other 
mitochondrial genes like 16 S and 12 S will be amplified after the 
expedition. 


Work at sea 

Epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples were immediately fixed in 96 % pre-cooled 
undenatured ethanol and stored at -20°C. In order to guarantee a good 
fixation of the whole sample, samples were gently shaken every two hours 
within the first 24 hours. After 24 hours ethanol was renewed. Sorting of 
samples could be started subsequently 48 hours after fixation. Samples 
were kept cooled throughout the whole time in order to prevent tissue 
digestion. 

All isopods were determined to family level, while the family Munnopsidae 
was sorted on genus level. Specimen of selected isopod families, which 
were in a good condition were used for genetics. After taking pictures of 
each voucher specimen, two to three pereopods were taken of each specimen 
and put into 96 well plates together with 50 L of RNA buffer. These 
plates were stored at 0C. 


Preliminary results 

Due to the in general rather low number of isopods within the EBS samples 
a total of 70 individuals were used for DNA barcoding. Thereof 29 
specimen of the family Macrostylidae, 26 specimen of the family 
Desmosomatidae, 6 specimen of the family Nannoniscidae as well as 9 
specimen of the family Munnopsidae were dissected and their pereopods 
were transferred into the RNA buffer. 

Extractions and further steps like PCR and sequencing will be done at the 
laboratory of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Brandt A, Gooday AJ, Brandao, S, Brix S, Brökeland W, Cedhagen T, 
    Choudhury M, Cornelius N, Danis B, De Mesel I, Diaz RJ, Gillan DC, 
    Ebbe B, Howe JA, Janussen D, Kaiser S, Linse K, Malyutina M, 
    Pawlowski J, Raupach M, Vanreusel A (2007). First insights into the 
    biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature 
    447(7142): 307-311. 

Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R (1994). DNA primers for 
    amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from 
    diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and 
    Biotechnology 3, 294. 

Hessler RR (1981). Evolution of Arthropod locomotion: a crustacean model. 
    Locomotion and Energetics in Arthropods. I. Herraid and C. R. 
    Fourtner. New York, Plenum Press: 9-29. 

Sanders HL, Hessler RR, Hampson GR (1965). An introduction to the study 
    of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-Bermuda 
    transect. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 12(6): 845-
    867. 

Sanders HL, Hessler RR (1969). Ecology of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Science 
    163(3874): 1419-1424. 




22.  ON THE FUNCTIONAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF MACROBENTHIC ABYSSAL 
     KEY SPECIES WITH FOCUS ON THE ISOPODA AND POLYCHAETA 

     Angelika Brandt(1),                        1 ZMH 
     Laura Wzberg(1),                           2 ZSM 
     Sarah Schnurr(1),                          3 DZMB 
     Anna Meyer-Löbbecke(1),                    4 Uni Bochum
     Ann Christine Zinkann(2),
     Martina Vortkamp(3)
     Myriam Schler4 (not on board) 


Objectives 

Very little is known about the ecology and role of deep-sea fauna in the 
trophodynamic coupling and nutrient cycling in oceanic ecosystems. This 
project examines the trophic structure and functioning of the abyssal 
macrobenthic community of the Southern Atlantic Ocean, focusing 
specifically on the role of the Isopoda and Polychaeta including 1) 
systematics, 2) general feeding biology, 3) bentho-pelagic coupling, and 
4) the reproduction of certain key species. Epibenthic sledge samples 
from four previous Polarstern expeditions (ANDEEP I-III and ANDEEP-
SYSTCO) and new epibenthic sledge and sediment core samples taken during 
the Polarstern expedition ANT XXVIII/3 (7.1.2012б1.03.2012). A variety of 
methods will be used including gut content analysis, functional 
morphology of target species as well as biochemical measurements. The 
latter include analyses of biomarkers, and examination of stable isotopic 
signatures of epifaunal animals. The results will be compared and 
combined with the findings of research groups examining other aspects of 
the Southern Ocean food web or biogeochemistry of the sediment. Combining 
the comprehensive datasets concerning diversity and colonisation patterns 
available from ANDEEP I-III, ANDEEP-SYSTCO I and this planned study 
focusing on food-web dynamics allows us to better understand the 
trophodynamics including the role of deep-sea fauna in the ecology of the 
Southern Atlantic Ocean. 


Work at sea 

The identification of key species from the above-mentioned Southern Ocean 
material prior to the expedition allowed us to more quickly identify and 
collect them from the SYSTCO samples in the cool room. 

Sampling: In order to save as much steaming time as possible, our 
sampling stations were taken in close vicinity to the stations that were 
visited by the "Eddy pump" group. As planned, we worked for a longer 
period of time at three major sampling areas (see general introduction 
and station list of the expedition) and took one additional short station 
at a seamount. Abyssal station depth was around 4,000 m. 

As soon as the samples were on board, they were sorted on ice by the most 
important taxa and key abyssal species of these groups, in order to 
freeze it immediately for the further described treatment in the 
laboratories in Hamburg (ZIM and IHF). At each station we also took 
sediment samples (see contribution of Mulsow, this volume) and material 
for microbiology (see contribution of Wrzberg & Zinkann, this volume) 
were obtained. 

Those isopod and polychaete specimen which will not be used for 
biochemical analyses, will be studied with regard to the functional 
morphology of the mouthparts, gut contents or they will be available for 
other projects dealing with systematic or phylogenetic investigations. 
For molecular genetic studies concerning phylogenetic relationships or 
population genetics of selected key species, we dissected specimens for 
later DNA extraction after precooling of the samples at -20C for at least 
48 hours (see contribution from Schnurr & Meyer-Lbbecke, this volume). 
These results will be compared with those obtained from the isopod 
material from the previous ANDEEP and ANDEEP-SYSTCO expeditions. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Abundances of macrofaunal taxa were very low. For example, in seven 
epibenthic sledge samples 278 isopod individuals were found and 530 
polychaetes, compared to more than 13,000 isopods at higher latitudes in 
the Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas (Brandt et al., 2007) where nearly 
11,000 polychaetes were collected, belonging to at least 241 species in 
46 families (Brandt et al., 2012). 

Numbers of isopods were highest among the brooding peracarids, but 
crustaceans generally occurred with low numbers in the samples (Tab. 
22.1). 

Further results on the composition of isopods and polychaetes are found 
in the chapters of Meyer-Lbbecke & Brandt, this volume, and Zinkann & 
Wrzberg, this volume. 


Tab. 22.1: Numbers of Crustacea sampled at seven epibenthic sledge 
           stations. Stations PS79/81-86 were stations in the second 
           working area. Station PS79/81.17 (blue) is from 52°S, 8°W, 
           in a low productivity patch, stations 86 (green) are from 
           52°S, 12°W in a high productivity area. 

Station       PS79/85  PS79/84  PS79/81  PS79/81  PS79/86  PS79/86  PS79/86
————————————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ———————  ———————
haul             15       25       18       17       20       24       25

Amphipoda        12       25       29       11        6       24        5 
Copepoda         88      145      151       38      301      374      263 
Cumacea           8        4        2        1        3        3        0 
Isopoda          40       47      109       23        7       54       38 
Mysidacea         1        2        0        2        0        0        0 
Ostracoda        18       19       19       13       23       36       49 
Phyllocarida      0        0        0        1        0        1        1 
Tanaidacea       10       10       19        4        5       11        3 

Total           177      252      329       93      345      503      359  



Data management 
Refer to page 75. 


References 

Brandt A, Brökeland W, Choudhury M, Brix S, Kaiser S, Malyutina M (2007). 
    Deep-sea isopod biodiversity, abundance and endemism in the Atlantic 
    sector of the Southern Ocean Рresults from the ANDEEP I - III 
    expeditions. Deep-Sea Research II, 54, 1760-1775. 

Brandt A, De Broyer C, Ebbe B, Ellingsen KE, Gooday AJ, Janussen D, 
    Kaiser S, Linse K, Schueller M, Thomson MRA, Tyler PA, Vanreusel AA 
    (2012). Southern Ocean deep benthic biodiversity. In: Antarctic 
    Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World, First 
    Edition. Edited by Alex D. Rogers, Nadine M. Johnston, Eugene J. 
    Murphy and Andrew Clarke. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., pp. 291-334. 




23.  INVESTIGATIONS ON SYSTEMATICS, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND DIVERSITY OF DEEP-
     SEA ISOPODA (CRUSTACEA, MALACOSTRACA) 
  
     Anna Meyer-Lbecke(1), Angelika Brandt(1)   1 ZMH 


Objectives 

Although most of the Southern Ocean (SO) is deep sea little is known 
about its faunal composition of the abyssal plain which limits our 
understanding of deep-sea benthic biodiversity patterns (Ellingsen et 
al., 2007). One important component of deep-sea communities in terms of 
abundance and diversity in the SO are isopod crustaceans (Choudhury & 
Brandt, 2009). This may be due to their long evolution in isolation of 
the SO (Brandt et al., 2005) where extensions of the ice sheet may have 
enhanced speciation processes on the Antarctic shelf, named the Antarctic 
"diversity pump". During the three ANDEEP expeditions over 13,000 isopod 
specimens were found, 35% of all Peracarida. Overall 674 species were 
identified, most of them were new to science (Brandt et al., 2007). The 
suborder Asellota comprised 97% of all isopods and the Munnopsidae were 
the most dominant family. The SYSTCO II expedition near the Antarctic 
Polar Front (APF) aims to expand the knowledge about biodiversity, 
systematic and zoogeography of Antarctic deep-sea Isopoda obtained until 
now. Will there be a similar isopod family composition like during 
previous expeditions and also a reservoir of high species diversity 
within some isopod taxa? Do isopods in the deep sea occur patchily or are 
they widely distributed? And does the deep-sea fauna differ from that of 
the South Atlantic (Brandt et al., 2007)? 


Work at sea 

Samples were taken at seven deep-sea stations from three sampling sites 
near the APF with an epibenthic sledge (EBS). On deck the samples were 
immediately transferred into pre-cooled undenatured ethanol (96%) and 
kept for 48 hours at -20°C. Isopod specimens were sorted to family or 
genus level on board and will be determined to species level later in the 
laboratory in the Zoological Museum of the University of Hamburg. 


Preliminary results 

The total number of isopod specimens collected with the EBS at the three 
sites of the SO was 281 (42% of Crustacea without Copepoda), all belonged 
to the suborder Asellota. In total the Haploniscidae were the most 
abundant isopod family with 31% of specimens followed by the 
Desmosomatidae with 21 % and the Munnopsidae with 20% while the 
Macrostylidae, Ischnomesidae, Nannoniscidae and Cirolanidae occurred at 
lower numbers and comprised 21 % of all isopod specimens. Specimens of 
the Munnopsidae were already determined to genus level on board, six 
genera were found: Baeonectes, Betamorpha, Eurycope, Disconectes, 
Ilyarachna and Syneurycope. Isopod family composition and the number of 
specimens differed between the stations (Tab. 23.1). 


Tab. 22.1: Isopod family composition (alphabetically) at the SYSTCO II 
           stations in the polar front (Raw data). 

Station PS79/   81-17  81-18  84-25  85-15  86-20  86-24  86-25  Total  
——————————————  —————  —————  —————  —————  —————  —————  —————  —————
Cirolanidae                            1                            1  
Desmosomatidae    1     26      4     12            14       1     58  
Haploniscidae     3     19     14      6      5     24      15     86  
Ischnomesidae     1      7      3      4             2             17  
Macrostylidae     5     15      8      3      1      1       2     35  
Munnopsidae      10     27      4      7      1      6       2     57  
Nannoniscidae                   1      2                     5      8 
Parasitic isopods        1                                          1  
undeterminated    1      4      5      7             1             18  
Total            21     99     39     42      7     48      25    281  


At station PS79/81-18 number of isopod specimens was highest with 99 
individuals, followed by station 86-24 where 48 isopods were collected. 
At station PS79/81.17 the Munnopsidae were most abundant, at 81-18 the 
Munnopsidae and the Desmosomatidae were most frequent. At station 
PS79/84-25, 86-20, 86-24 and 86-25 the Haploniscidae were the family with 
most specimens while at station 85-15 the Desmosomatidae occurred most 
frequently. The number of specimens differed strongly between the 
stations of one location (Tab. 23.1) indicating a high degree of 
patchiness (Griffiths, 2010). Additional 41 specimens of isopods were 
sorted from Agassiz-Trawl samples so far. Beside the isopod families that 
already occurred in EBS samples, specimens of the Antarcturidae, 
Paramunnidae and Microparasellidae cf. have been found until now. 
Diversity and abundance of the deep-sea isopod species collected during 
this expedition will be compared with stations during SYSTCO I and with 
the results from the ANDEEP I-III expeditions. Parameters like depth, 
temperature, salinity and sediment characteristics (grain size, 
chlorophyll-pigments, oxygen consumption and carbon concentration) will 
be included in the analysis provided by several colleagues. 

A first preliminary conclusion is that abundance and also diversity of 
isopods are very low compared to other deep-sea locations in the SO like 
in the Weddell Sea. The three ANDEEP expeditions yielded 13,046 specimens 
of 674 isopod species from 40 deep-sea stations (Brandt et al., 2007) 
what is comparatively high to 281 specimens collected during SYSTCO II 
from seven stations in the polar front. The fact of latitudinal gradients 
in deep-sea species diversity and abundance has been strongly debated in 
the literature (Brandt et al., 2004). The data obtained during ANDEEP and 
SYSTCO indicate an increase of isopod biodiversity and abundance in the 
deep sea from the Antarctic Polar Front towards the Antarctic continent. 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Brandt A, Brkeland W, Choudhury M, Brix S, Kaiser S, Malyutina M (2007). 
    Deep-sea isopod biodiversity, abundance and endemism in the Atlantic 
    sector of the Southern Ocean Рresults from the ANDEEP I - III 
    expeditions. Deep-Sea Research II, 54, 1760-1775. 

Brandt A, Ellingsen KE, Brix S, Brkeland W, Malyutina M (2005). Southern 
    Ocean deep-sea isopod species richness (Crustacea, Malacostraca): 
    influences of depth, latitude and longitude. Polar Biology, 28, 284 -
    289. 

Brandt A, Brkeland W, Brix S, Malyutina M (2004). Diversity of Southern 
    Ocean deep-sea Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca) Рa comparison with 
    shelf data. Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 1753 Р1768. 

Choudhury M, Brandt A (2009). Benthic isopods (Crustacea, Malacostraca) 
    from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Species checklist and their 
    zoogeography in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biology, 32, 599 Р610. 

Ellingsen KE, Brandt A, Ebbe B, Linse K (2007). Diversity and species 
    distribution of polychaetes, isopods and bivalves in the Atlantic 
    sector of the deep Southern Ocean. Polar Biology, 30, 1265 Р1273. 

Griffiths HJ (2010). Antarctic Marine Biodiversity РWhat do we know about 
    the distribution of life in the Southern Ocean? Plos One, 5 (8). 




24.  CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POLYCHAETE FAUNA WITH REGARD TO WIDELY 
     DISTRIBUTED SPECIES 

     Laura Wzberg(1), Ann-Christine Zinkann(1)  1 ZMH
     Myriam Schler(2) (not on board)            2 Universitt Bochum 


Objectives 

Many polychaetes are considered to be widely distributed or even 
cosmopolitan. However, particularly the large-scale studies under the 
auspices of the Census of Marine Life have casted some doubt on the 
presence of cosmopolitan species as for the first time sufficient 
material was collected worldwide. Molecular genetic methods further 
challenge the concept of very wide distributions, at least among the 
macrobenthos. 

The Antarctic Polar Front may or may not be a barrier to dispersal of 
polychaetes, and it may even be a zone of a particular assemblage. 
According to the literature based on classical taxonomy, about 100 
species of polychaetes were recorded both south and north of the 
Antarctic Polar Front (e.g., Hartmann-Schrder 1993; Hartmann-Schrder and 
Rosenfeldt 1988, 1990, 1992). Genetic evidence may prove some of these 
records wrong. The objective is therefore to cooperate with the NSF-
funded project WormNet II and preserve any species that are found in 
sufficient quantities, but not needed for ecologic studies (see Wrzberg, 
Zinkann and Brandt), in several ways to identify both morphospecies and 
haplotypes. Material from the South Atlantic Ocean is available for 
comparison (e.g., DIVA III, Argentine Basin) and ANDEEP. As data on many 
abiotic parameters will be collected as well (see Mulsow), we hope to 
match haplotypes with certain environmental conditions such as 
sedimentary characteristics. Additionally, we will compare different 
reactions of haplotypes to increased amounts of available food during and 
after a plankton bloom. 


Work at sea 

Polychaete individuals from Agassiz trawl and Epibenthic sledge were 
immediately sorted and fixed individually in pre-cooled 96 % ethanol. 
Further polychaete bulk samples have been sorted to the lowest taxonomic 
level possible and identifications will be reassessed thoroughly on land 
after the end of the expedition. 


Preliminary results 

A total of 661 polychaetes were sampled and identified to the lowest 
taxonomic level possible during the SYSTCO II expedition. The number will 
most likely increase further due to sorting of bulk samples later on. At 
the moment, 22 different polychaete families have been identified. 
Thorough morphologic and genetic taxonomic examinations will be conducted 
at the Universities of Hamburg and Bochum. In general, the polychaete 
family composition seems to be concordant with what has been reported 
before for the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean deep sea (e.g., 
Hartmann-Schrder 1993; Hartmann-Schrder and Rosenfeldt 1988, 1990, 1992; 
Hilbig, 2001). It includes (in alphabetical order) Ampharetidae, 
Capitellidae, Cirratulidae, Euphrosinidae, Glyceridae, Lumbrineridae, 
Maldanidae, Nephtyidae, Opheliidae, Paraonidae, Phyllodocidae, 
Polynoidae, Scalibregmatidae, Sphaerodoridae, Spionidae, Syllidae, and 
Terebellidae. 


Tab. 24.1: Polychaete specimens and numbers of families found at 
           different stations, gear used for sampling. 

Station   longitude    latitude    Depth   Regime             Polychaetes  Families 
                                    [m]                           [n]        [n] 
————————  ———————————  ——————————  ——————  —————————————————  ———————————  ————————
PS79/177  52°21.04'W   53°48.53'S   339     Shallow station        127 
                                           Burdwood Banks 
PS79/175  39°23.96'W   50°48.02'S  4137.2   South Gorgia high       74 
                                           Chlorophyll 
PS79/174  38°16,25'W   49°40,05'S  4989.1   South Gorgia high        2 
                                           Chlorophyll 
PS79/141  01°235.67'W  51°15.96'S  4105.2   West low high           27         8
                                           chlorophyll 
                                           boundary 
PS79/86   01°204.26'W  51°59.68'S  3840.2   Full Station high      174        18
                                           Chlorophyll 
PS79/85   00°759.29'W  51°59.99'S  2871.5   West Low high           27        10
                                           chlorophyll 
                                           boundary 
PS79/84   01°003.32'E  53°01.18'S  3444.2   Transect               107        16 
PS79/81   01°000.71'E  52°00.18'S  3637.5   Full Station low       123        21 
                                           Chlorophyll 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Hartmann-Schröder G (1993). Die Polychaeten der ҐolarsternӭReise ANT X/1b 
    zur Antarktischen Halbinsel und Isla de los Estados (Feuerland, 
    Argentinien) 1991. Teil 1: Polnoidae bis Iphitimidae. Mitt. Hamb. 
    Zool. Mus. Inst. 90, 127-150. 

Hartmann-Schröder G, Rosenfeldt P (1988). Die Polychaeten der 
    "Polarstern"-Reise ANT III/2 in die Antarktis 1984. Teil 1: 
    Euphrosinidae bis Chaetopteridae. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 85, 
    25-72. 

Hartmann-Schröder G, Rosenfeldt P (1990). Die Polychaeten der "Walther 
    Herwig"-Reise 68/1 nach Elephant Island (Antarktis) 1985. Teil 1: 
    Aphroditidae bis Cirratulidae. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 87, 89-
    122. 

Hartmann-Schröder G, Rosenfeldt P (1992). Die Polychaeten der 
    "Polarstern"-Reise ANT V/I in die Antarktis 1986. Teil 1: 
    Euphrosinidae bis Iphitimidae. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 89, 85-
    124. 

Hilbig B (2001). Deep-sea polychaetes in the Weddell Sea and Drake 
    Passage: first quantitative results.Polar Biology 24, 538е44. 




25.  BENTHIC AND PLANKTONIC OSTRACODA OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN: BIODIVERSITY 
     AND BIOGEOGRAPHY 

     Simone Nunes Brandão                       Senckenberg/DZMB 


Objectives 

The class Ostracoda is taxonomically and ecologically very diverse, its 
representatives live in varied aquatic ecosystems as benthos as well as 
plankton. This Class has one of the most extensive fossil records, and 
thus represents important proxies in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. 
Several studies have investigated the local diversity changes through 
geological time. However, comparisons between regions, i.e. the study of 
ß- and ϒ-diversities are still limited by the differences in the 
sampling. Therefore, the first objective of the present project is to 
measure the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean deep sea, and compare it 
with other deep-sea regions sampled by other projects. With such a 
comparison, it will be possible to test prevailing theories on 
bathymetrical and latitudinal gradients of diversity. 


Work at sea 

As described above, we deployed the EBS seven times at four stations and 
sorted all its samples on board. The ostracods were identified to the 
lowest level possible, i.e. either species, genus or family depending on 
the case (see table below). 

The ostracods sampled by the AGT were also identified. Here it is very 
important to stress that because the opening of the AGT remains open 
during the whole deployment, it is not possible to know in which depth 
the planktonic animals were collected. Therefore, no further work will be 
done on this material. 

All specimens of the family Krithidae collected with the AGT will be used 
for biochemical analyses. They were transferred to micropalaeontological 
slides. In the slides, the chemical composition of the valves of these 
specimens are kept closer to the original composition, while the ethanol 
may cause decalcification or other chemical changes. 

In order to better preserve the subfossils, all empty valves were 
transferred to micropalaeontological slides while the animals with soft 
parts were kept in ethanol. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Since only a few publications on ostracods are available on board, not 
all specimens could be identified to species level. Interestingly, the 
preliminary results indicate that no new species have been collected, 
contrary to previous cruises (e.g. ANDEEP III), where several new species 
were collected. Additionally, typical deep-sea genera (e.g. Australoecia, 
Bradleya, Echinocythereis, Henryhowella, Legitimocythere, Macropyxis, 
Poseidonamicus, Pseudobosquetina, Vitjasiella), a few Southern Ocean 
species (e.g. Bradleya mesembrina Mazzini, 2005) and a few Southern 
Atlantic deep-sea species (e.g. Australoecia abyssophila Maddocks, 1969, 
Pseudobosquetina nobilis Jellinek et al., 2006) were collected during the 
present cruise. 

The macroecological analyses will be done in my home institution. The 
biogeochemical analyses on the Krithidae will be done in the USA in the 
next months. 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Jellinek, T., Swanson, K. & Mazzini, I. (2006): Is the cosmopolitan model 
    still valid for deep-sea podocopid ostracods? (With the discussion of 
    two new species of the genus Pseudobosquetina Guernet & Moullade 1994 
    and Cytheropteron testudo (Ostracoda) as case studies). - 
    Senckenbergiana maritima, 36 (1): 29-50, 8 Figs.; Frankfurt a. M. 

Maddocks, R.F., Revision of recent Bairdiidae (Ostracoda). U. S. natn. 
    Mus. Bull., 295: 1-126, 1969. 

Mazzini, I. (2005): Taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Quaternary 
    benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from circumpolar deep water of the 
    Emerald Basin (Southern Ocean) and the S Tasman Rise(Tasman Sea). - 
    Senckenbergiana maritima 35 (1): 1-119; Frankfurt am Main. 




26.  PHYLOGENY AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF DEEP-SEA AMPHIPODS: CONNECTIVITY 
     WITHIN AND BETWEEN ANTARCTIC, SUB-ANTARCTIC AND ATLANTIC REGIONS 

     Charlotte Havermans(1)                     1 IRScNB 


Objectives 

With over 600 described species, amphipods are the most specious group in 
Antarctic shelf regions, with a high percentage of endemic species. Even 
if Antarctic shelf species have been extensively investigated, recent 
studies showed that many species are inadequately described and several 
morphospecies are composed of genetically heterogeneous species complexes 
(Havermans et al. 2011). In contrast, the Antarctic deep sea remained 
virtually unknown until the ANDEEP and SYSTCO I cruises. These 
expeditions revealed an overwhelming abundance and diversity of 
amphipods. 

By molecular analyses, we investigate for several amphipod species the 
link between (i) Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions and (ii) Antarctic 
regions and Atlantic abyssal basins. We will test how phylogeographic 
patterns differ between shelf and deep-sea species and whether deep-sea 
species are genetically less variable than shallow water species. By 
phylogenetic analyses, the relationships between Antarctic shelf and 
deep-sea fauna (submergence vs. emergence hypothesis) will be examined as 
well as the relationships between Antarctic and Atlantic species. Former 
analyses on lysianassoid species demonstrated the presence of identical 
haplotypes between Atlantic abyssal basins and the Antarctic Peninsula 
which can be explained by the existence of the Antarctic bottom water, 
connecting these basins. Furthermore, there are indications for several 
independent colonizations of these Atlantic abyssal basins from the 
Antarctic deep sea (Havermans et al. in prep.). More deep-sea samples are 
needed to confirm these hypotheses. 

Specific topics to investigate include: (1) To document faunistical and 
zoogeographical of amphipod taxocoenoses from different abyssal areas; 
(2) To contribute to the description of the Antarctic amphipod 
biodiversity, with a special focus on the Lysianassoidea; (3) To use fast 
evolving genetic markers to measure the intra- and interpopulation 
genetic variability and to compare the phylogeography of target taxa; (4) 
To use more slowly evolving genetic markers to identify colonization 
patterns between different abyssal basins; (5) To contribute to the SCAR-
MarBIN database (www.scarmarbin.be) in bringing a new dataset of 
distributional, ecological and photographic information on Antarctic 
amphipods. 


Work at sea 

Sampling was carried out using three different gears: Agassiz trawl, 
epibenthic sledge and Rauschert dredge. The epibenthic sledge and Agassiz 
trawl were deployed at seven stations, the Rauschert dredge only at the 
last four stations. Amphipods were identified to family, genus or species 
level and photographed. Specimens were fixed in 96 % pre-cooled 
undenatured ethanol and stored at 20C. DNA was extracted from 129 
specimens from the deep-sea stations and 14 specimens collected in the 
shallow-water station. 


Preliminary results 

All specimens collected were sorted out and identified until species, 
genus or family level and the different species were photographed. The 
number of species and individuals per amphipod family for each deep-sea 
station is represented in Table 26.1, 26.2 and 2.63 according to the 
different gears. However, the numbers for the last stations (St. PS79/141 
and 175) are likely to increase when all samples will be sorted, which 
has not been done yet onboard due to time limitations. The most abundant 
taxa found in the Agassiz trawl belonged to the Hyperiidea, a group of 
pelagic amphipods, most probably caught in the net when the trawl was 
retrieved through the water column. This group was much less abundant in 
the epibenthic sledge samples. The second most abundant and diverse group 
in the AGT samples is the superfamily Lysianassoidea, of main interest 
for our studies. This group also appeared to be the most diverse and 
abundant in the EBS samples. Surprisingly, we observed a higher diversity 
within this group in the low productivity area (St. PS79/81, 84, 85) than 
in the high chlorophyll area (St. PS79/86, 141), both for EBS and AGT 
samples. 

DNA extractions were carried out for 143 specimens (129 from the deep-sea 
stations and 14 from the shallow station) of which 60 belong to the 
Lysianassoidea, 45 to the Hyperiidea and the remaining specimens 
belonging to Eusiroidea, Liljeborgiidae, Stegocephalidae. In addition, 
DNA was extracted of a large number of specimens of the bathypelagic 
species Cyphocaris richardi, Parandania boecki, Eurythenes obesus, 
Themisto gaudichaudii and Eusiroid sp. for future phylogeographic and 
population genetic studies. At the RBINS, mitochondrial (cytochrome 
oxidase I, 16S rRNA) and nuclear (28S rRNA) gene fragments will be 
amplified and sequenced for all these specimens. 

An additional sampling was carried out at a shallow-water shelf station 
(54°S 52°W, 336 m). More than 115 specimens were sorted out alive during 
the sieving of the material; 80 specimens from the Rauschert dredge and 
35 specimens from the Agassiz trawl. Due to time limitations, the sieved 
fractions of the sample will be sorted out back home. The dominant 
species in the Agassiz trawl sample was Leucothoe sp. (26 specimens), of 
which some individuals were found inside a sponge, indicating a possible 
commensally life style. This could explain the high abundance of this 
species in the catch, which was dominated by sponges. The other abundant 
taxa included several lysianassoid, liljeborgiid and eusiroid species. 
The most important taxa found in the Rauschert dredge sample were: 
Schraderia gracilis (Eusiroidea), Liljeborgia sp. (Liljeborgiidae), 
oedicerotids, stenothoids and several lysianassoid species of the family 
Tryphosinae. Afterwards, DNA was extracted of 14 specimens belonging to 
the families Liljeborgiidae and Lysianassoidea for further molecular 
studies. 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

Havermans, C., Nagy, Z.T., Sonet, G., De Broyer, C., Martin, P. 2011: DNA 
    barcoding reveals new insights into the diversity of Antarctic 
    species of Orchomene sensu lato (Crustacea: Amphipoda: 
    Lysianassoidea). Deep-Sea-Research II, 58, 230-241. 


Tab. 26.1.: Number of species and individuals per amphipod family sampled 
            at each deep-sea station with the AGT. 

                 PS79/81-19     PS79/84-26     PS79/85.16     PS79/86-21     PS79/86-23     PS79/141.7     PS79/141-8     PS79/175.3    PS79/175-4  
———————————————  —————————————  —————————————  —————————————  —————————————  —————————————  —————————————  —————————————  ————————————  ————————————
Caprellidea                                                                                                1 sp. (N=1)  
Chuneolidae                                                                                 1 sp. (N=1)  
Eusiroidea       1 sp. (N=1)                                  1 sp. (N=1)  
Hyperiidea       8 spp. (N=16)  5 spp. (N=18)  4 spp. (N=15)  2 spp. (N=94)  6 spp. (N=52)  9°spp. (N=33)  5 spp. (N=29)  4 spp. (N=9)  1 sp. (N=2)  
Hyperiopsidae                                                 1 sp. (N=1)  
Liljeborgiidae                                                                              1 sp. (N=1)                   1 sp. (N=1)  
Lysianassoidea   2 spp. (N=4)   2 spp. (N=3)   1 sp. (N=2)    6 spp. (N=6)                  3 spp. (N=5)   3 spp. (N=3)   1 sp. (N=1)   1 sp. (N=1)  
Melphidippidae                                                1 spp. (N=1)  
Phoxocephalidae                                                                                                           2 spp. (N=2)  2 spp. (N=2)  
Stegocephalidae  2 sp. (N=5)    1 sp. (N=3)                   2 spp. (N=10)  1 sp. (N=8)    1 sp. (N=9)    1 sp. (N=4)  
Indet.           1 sp. (N=1)    3 spp. (N=3)                  4 spp. (N=4)                                                1 sp. (N=1)   1 sp. (N=1)  


Tab. 26.2.: Number of species and individuals per amphipod family sampled 
            at each deep-sea station with the RD. 

                 PS79/141-7    PS79/141-8    PS79/175-3    PS79/175-4 
———————————————  ————————————  ————————————  ————————————  ————————————
Epimeridae                                   1 spp. (N=1) 
Lysianassoidea                               1 spp. (N=2)  1 spp. (N=1) 
Eusiroidea 
Hyperiidea       4 spp. (N=4)  2 spp. (N=4)  4 spp. (N=5)  3 spp. (N=5) 
Oedicerotidae                                1 sp.  (N=1) 
Stegocephalidae  1 sp. (N=1)   1 sp.  (N=1) 
Indet.           1 sp. (N=1) 


Tab. 26.3.: Number of species and individuals per amphipod family sampled 
            at each deep-sea station with the EBS

                 PS79/81-17     PS79/81-18      PS79/84-25    PS79/85-15    PS79/86-20    PS79/86-24    PS79/86-25 
———————————————  —————————————  ——————————————  ————————————  ————————————  ————————————  ————————————  ———————————
Aoridae                                                                                   1 sp. (N=1) 
Calliopiidae                    1 sp.   (N=1)  
Corophioidea     1 sp. (N=1)    2 spp.  (N=2)                                             2 spp. (N=2)  
Hyperiidea       2 spp. (N=2)                   3 spp. (N=3)  2 spp. (N=3)  1 sp. (N=1)   1 sp.  (N=2)  1 sp. (N=1) 
Lysianassoidea   9 spp. (N=10)  11 spp. (N=12)  5 spp. (N=6)  2 spp. (N=3)  4 spp. (N=4)  2 spp. (N=3) 
Pardaliscidae                                                                             1 sp.  (N=2) 
Phoxocephalidae                 2 spp.  (N=2)   2 spp. (N=4)  1 sp.  (N=1)                2 spp. (N=8) 
Oedicerotidae                   1 sp.   (N=1)   1 sp.  (N=1)  2 spp. (N=7)                              1 sp. (N=1) 
Stegocephalidae                                 1 sp.  (N=1)                              1 sp.  (N=1)  1 sp. (N=1) 
Indet.                          3 spp.  (N=4)   5 spp. (N=5)  3 sp.  (N=3)  1 sp. (N=1)   2 spp. (N=2)  1 sp. (N=1) 




27.  BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF SOUTHERN ATLANTIC DEEP-SEA MOLLUSCA 

     Enrico Schwabe(1), Katharina M. Jörger(1),  1 ZSM 
     Laura Würzberg(2)                           2 ZMH 
     Michael Schrödl(1) (not on board) 


Objectives 

Within the framework of an inventory of Atlantic cold water and deep-sea 
molluscs, we observed a generally high species richness and local 
abundance of molluscs in the Southern Ocean. Many Antarctic gastropods 
appear eurybathic, however, traditional shell-based taxonomy remains to 
be confirmed by molecular approaches. Surprisingly, just a single benthic 
Antarctic deep-sea gastropod species was found to extend slightly north 
of the boundary of the Southern Ocean yet and so far no faunal overlap 
between Atlantic and Antarctic deep-sea basins could be found (Schrödl et 
al. 2010) In lower latitudes of the southern Atlantic, gastropod faunas 
were found to be poor in species and abundance (Schwabe et al. 2007, 
Schrödl et al 2010). Comparisons along a transect from the Equator to the 
Weddell Sea thus showed increasing gastropod diversity from lower to 
higher latitudes, opposing a previous paradigm. During SYSTCO II we 
collected molluscs from stations along the Antarctic convergence, a thus 
far unsampled area that is crucial for addressing apparent biogeographic 
boundaries between the strictly Antarctic fauna and the South Atlantic 
Ocean deep-sea basins previously investigated. Species limits as revealed 
by morphology will be assessed by molecular markers. 

In the era of molecular systematics the phylogeny of basal molluscs and 
of several subgroups is in a state of revolution and Antarctic/deep-sea 
taxa such as e.g. monoplacophorans have played a key role. Further 
members of basal taxa and more adequately preserved specimens are needed 
for molecular and, ultimately, phylogenomic research. Transcriptome 
analyses will give further insights into functional aspects and 
adaptations to the special ecological conditions in the deep-sea and a 
comparison of expression patterns of shell building proteins is planned. 
In order to explore the trophic ecology of molluscs in benthic deep-sea 
communities we will apply comparative studies on fatty acid and isotope 
compositions. 


Work at sea 

We sorted and pre-identified molluscs from 7 EBS stations (2,752 m - 
4,046 m) and 10 AGT stations (330 m Р4,150 m) (for details, see gear 
chapters). EBS and AGT catches were sorted on ice for approximately one 
hour after each deployment. (Sub-) samples of the encountered material 
were directly fixed in RNALater for molecular work or anesthetised in 
MgCl2 and fixed in 4 % glutardialdehyd (buffered in cacodylate) for 
histology. All remaining material was bulk fixed in 96 % ethanol. AGT-
samples from station PS79/141, 175 and 177 were only partially sorted but 
could not be finished on board due to a shortage of time. To cover 
putative meiofaunal molluscs, 2-3 MUC cores were sampled at each major 
station. The first 5 cm (suspected to contain most meiofauna) of each 
assigned sediment core were sieved to 100 m and bulk fixed in 96 % 
ethanol. Due to the minute size of the animals, reliable sorting is 
impossible in the field and will be conducted later in the lab. 

All taxonomic identification herein is in a preliminary stage and needs 
thorough reinvestigation with comparative material and revised 
literature. 


Preliminary results 

To date we collected 1041 specimens of molluscs from all gears, 
preliminary identified to 111 morphospecies. With approx. 65 
morphospecies, Gastropoda are the dominant group in terms of species 
numbers, followed by Bivalvia with 29 morphospecies. Concerning local 
abundance bivalves dominated the samples from the first two regimes (Fig. 
27.1). Even though AGT samples cannot be used for quantitative 
comparison, the first rough evaluation shows a general trend of a higher 
abundance of gastropods than bivalves at the last regime (station 
PS79/175). Morphospecies from all remaining molluscan taxa occurred in 
low numbers and in general a high degree of putative species are only 
represented by singletons. So far we identified 6 morphospecies of 
Scaphopoda, 4 of Caudovofeata, 6 of Solenogaster and obtained one benthic 
cephalopod (Octopodidae) from the shallow station at a seamount close to 
54S, 52W (AGT PS79/177-7). 

The faunistic composition of Bivalvia was similar between the first two 
regimes with representatives of putatively the same morphospecies of the 
families Sareptidae Kelliidae, Limidae, Limopsidae, Montacutidae and 
Thyasiridae collected at all stations. Surprisingly, Nuculidae which 
dominated the bivalve composition at the first station (station PS79/81) 
was not found thereafter. First sorting from AGT samples indicate a 
completely different bivalve composition in the third regime (station 
PS79/175) with only representatives of Sareptidae and Thyasiridae co-
occuring with the first two stations. In general, we noted a highly 
patchy distribution with considerable variation in abundance between 
repeated EBS drops at one station (Fig. 27.2). In the first regimes most 
gastropod species were only recorded from single or few specimens and 
thus no general trend on faunistic composition can be drawn. The high 
abundance of (ecto-)parasitic Melanella spp. (Eulimidae) at station 
PS79/86-25 was remarkable; a putative correlation with the abundance and 
diversity of holothuorids still needs to be confirmed. At the last 
station (PS79/175) gastropods were by far more abundant and with 
different morphospecies compared to the first stations. The gastropod 
fauna was dominated by members of the families Turridae and Buccinidae. 


Fig. 27.1: Comparison in abundance of molluscan taxa between the 
           different EBS stations in the first two regimes. 

Fig. 27.2: Percentage of molluscan morphospecies from the different EBS 
           stations in the first two regimes. 


Data management 

Refer to page 70. 


References 

Schrödl, M., Bohn, J. M., Brenke, N., Rolán, E. & Schwabe, E. (2011). 
    Abundance, diversity, and latitudinal gradients of southeastern 
    Atlantic and Antarctic abyssal gastropods. Deep-Sea Research II, 58 
    (1-2): 49-57. 

Schwabe, E., Bohn, J. M., Engl, W., Linse, K. & Schrödl, M. (2007). Rich 
    and rare - First insights into species diversity and abundance of 
    Antarctic abyssal Gastropoda (Mollusca). Deep-Sea Research II, 54 
    (16-17): 1831-1847. 




28.  AGASSIZ TRAWL (AGT) DEPLOYMENTS 

     Dorte Janussen(1) , Simone Brandao(2),     1 Senckenberg, Frankfurt/M 
     Tomas Cedhagen(3), Freija Hauquier(4),     2 DZMB 
     Charlotte Havermans(5), Katharina          3 UA 
     Jörger(6), Franck Lejzerowicz(7),          4 UGent 
     Anna Meyer-Löbbecke(8), Sarah Schnurr(7),  5 IRSNB  
     Enrico Schwabe(6), Martina Vortkamp(2),    6 ZSM 
     Laura Wzberg(8) Ann Christine Zinnkann(8), 7 DGE Geneva 
     and Angelika Brandt(8)                     8 ZMH. 


Objectives 

An AGT was deployed, as done during the ANDEEP I-III and SYSTCO I 
expeditions, in order to sample a representative collection of animals 
for zoogeographical, ecological, molecular and biochemical 
investigations. For the purpose of comparison of our results, as far as 
possible we conducted the employments according to the same scheme for 
each expedition of the ANDEEP-SYSTCO program. As far as possible, the AGT 
and other benthic gears were employed within the same research areas 
sampled during the Eddy Pump project. 


Work at sea 

Sampling was conducted at the three major benthic stations by the big AGT 
with an inner fine-meshed (500 m) net in the cod end of the AGT-net, in 
order to collect also smaller animals, including macro- and meiofauna. 
For the first three stations we used the new AWI-AGT, which is 
symmetrical and can be deployed also upside-down, which is not an 
advantage though, because only one of the net surfaces is equipped for 
sliding over the ground and sampling. Because the symmetrical AGT proved 
to be unstable and would easily turn around during deployment, after 
deployment no. 3, we decided to use the old AWI-AGT (Fig. 28.1), which is 
actually not a "true" Agassiz trawl, because it is asymmetrical and can 
glide only on one side, but for that reason has proven to be much more 
stable than the new trawl. As the function of the new and old trawl is 
identical, we here use the term AGT for both. After the second failure, 
deployment no. 5, we made some improvements in order to keep the net on 
the bottom, such as fastening a steel chain to the lower side of the net 
entrance and adding some extra weights onto the AGT. After the loss of 
the epibenthic sledge, we employed a Rauschert Dredge (RD, Figure 28.1) 
attached to the AGT by a long wire, in order to obtain additional 
material of especially the smaller animals. 


Preliminary and expected results 

Of the 10 deployments altogether, two failed (AGT no. 3 and 5); after 
some technical improvements on the gear (see above) all deployments were 
successful (Table 28.1). 

AGT 1-2 in the low productivity area (52oS, 10oW) contained small catches 
with megafauna of mainly holothurians, ophiuorids, molluscs, polychaetes 
and also a few sessile cnidarians. 

AGT 4, 6-7 within the high chlorophyll bloom (51-51.5oS, 12oW) gave 
small, but comparably diverse megafauna catches including holothurians 
(min. 10 spp. from AGT 4), ophiuroids, polychaetes, molluscs and few 
sponges. 

AGT 8, 9 within the high productivity area north of South Georgia (51oS, 
39oW) provided lots of big stones and many animals. The megafauna catch 
was abundant and diverse, including big holothurians, fishes, ophiuroids, 
molluscs, polychaetes, and sponges. The macrofauna was rather poor, as 
the AGT, even with the fine-meshed inner net, is designed to catch mainly 
the bigger animals, less smaller ones. 

AGT 10 shallow station (330 m) at 53°49'S, 52°21'W provided very abundant 
and diverse sponges, also the other megafauna taxa were diverse, and the 
macrofauna was well represented, e.g. by crustaceans. 



Tab. 28.1: List of the AGT-deployments with metadata during SYSTCO II 

Station    Date     Deployment    Lat.       Lon.      Depth   Trawl.       Catch/ 
   PS                                                   [m]    dist.,      remarks  
                                                               calc.,
                                                                [m]
————————  ————————  ——————————  ——————————  —————————  —————  ——————  ———————————————————
79/81-19  20.01.12  AGT 1/new   52°0.2'S     9°59.5'E   3760    1809   Small, OK  
79/84-26  23.01.12  AGT 2       52°6.0'S    10°2.5'E    4100    1915   Small, OK  
79/85-16  27.01.12  AGT 3       52°S         8°W        2750    1609   Failure  
79/86-21  31.01.12  AGT 4       51°59.9'S   12°2.4'W    3940    2189   Diverse megafauna  
79/86-23  31.01.12  AGT 5       51°59.1'S   12°4.3'W    3981    2075   Failure  
79/141-7  18.02.12  AGT 6       51°15.96'S  12°30.5'W   4100    1909   Good catch    
79/141-8  18.02.12  AGT 7       51°16.0'S   12°37.5'W   4110    1904   Good catch  
79/175-3  03.03.12  AGT 8       51°49.95'S  39°24.0'W   4150    1894   Stones, good catch   
79/175-4  03.03.12  AGT9/old    51°50.4'S   39°24.0'W   4160    1891   Stones, good catch  
79/177-7  07.07.12  AGT 10/old  53°48.5'S   52°21.0'W    330     619   Animals, best catch  


Fig. 28.1: The old AWI-AGT and the Rauschert Dredge used, the latter 
           belongs to Charlotte Havermann (photo Ann Christine Zinnkann)


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 




29.  SPONGES - SESSILE SUSPENSION FEEDERS, A BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENTS PUMP IN 
     THE PELAGO.BENTHIC COUPLING SYSTEM 

     Dorte Janussen(1)                          1 Senckenberg, Frankfurt/M 


Objectives 

Sessile suspension feeders play an essential role in the pelagic-benthic 
coupling processes, as they transfer considerable amounts of nutrients 
from the water column to the benthic ecosystem. In the deep-sea this role 
is mainly played by the Porifera and as second by the ascidians. It is 
known that a large hexactinellid sponge pumps several 100 l water per day 
retaining ca. 90 % of the picoplankton, such as bacteria, and a major 
part of the dissolved silica (Pile & Young 1996). During the ANT-XXIV/2 
(SYSTCO I) expedition, an extensive sponge collection was achieved 
(Janussen & Rapp 2011; Göcke & Janussen 2011, and in prep.). So far, only 
few isotope-based food-web studies included the sponges, but those 
publications indicate that uptake of recycled particulate organic matter 
(POM) is responsible for high d15N-values of suspension feeders, 
especially sponges, in deep water, and also the highly diverse, symbiotic 
microbial community probably plays a major role (e.g. Mintenbeck et al. 
2007, Webster et al. 2004). A first study of the feeding behaviour of 
Antarctic demosponges (from shallow water) has proven that niche 
partition between different sponge species with different microbial food 
sources can be revealed by stable isotopes and lipid analysis (Thurber 
2007). Recent data indicate that sponges including their symbionts 
constitute a nutrient cycle partly separated from the general food web, 
but on the other hand serve as a link between the pelagic and the benthic 
ecosystems. 

Purpose of this project is to compare the sponge diversity between 
regions close to the Antarctic Polar Front and between this and the high 
Antarctic fauna. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the feeding niches of 
common, Antarctic, deep-water sponge species, including their microbial 
symbionts, to gain a better understanding of their significance for the 
pelago-benthic coupling. 


Work at sea 

Sponges were collected from the different gears (AGT, EBS and MUC), 
preliminarily sorted according to taxa and photo-documented. Immediately 
after collection, the sponges were subsampled for stable isotopes, lipids 
and natural products analysis (frozen at -20°C or -80°C, respectively). 
Also samples were fixed in RNALater and ethanol for genetics. 
Furthermore, collection of surface sediment samples from the MUC was done 
at each major station, and the sediment was frozen for later bacteria and 
isotope analysis. Bottom water was collected from the CTD and filtered 
through 0.2 µm millipore filters, which were frozen for bacteria DNA-
screening. 


Preliminary (expected) results 

In total, about 200 sponges were collected, preliminarily identified and 
classified into species or higher taxa level (Tab. 29.1, Fig. 29.1). 
Spicule preparation were made on board for more precise identification of 
the sponges, and ca. 40 Porifera species were preliminarily 
differentiated. According to experience from earlier deep-sea 
expeditions, this preliminary species number is conservative and likely 
to increase by about 50 % once histology, SEM and other methods for 
taxonomic identification are applied in the home lab. The three research 
areas all proved to be poor both in diversity and abundance compared with 
the abyssal Weddell Sea (e.g. Janussen & Tendal 2007, Janussen & Reiswig 
2009, Göcke & Janusssen 2011). However, they show distinct differences 
with respect to their Porifera fauna: 

The low productivity area (c. 52°S, 10°E, stations PS79/81, 84) was the 
poorest in terms of diversity, and we found here only small sponge 
specimens. With exception of two fragments (Cornulum sp. nov., 
Polymastiidae sp.), it contained exclusively very small representatives 
of the carnivorous sponge family Cladorhizidae, which were collected 
mainly by the EBS. 

The high chlorophyll bloom (c. 51-51.5°S, 12°W, stations PS79/86, 141) 
showed higher diversity, including different Demospongiae and 
Hexactinellida. One hexactinellid sponge was found as a fragmented big 
specimen, preliminarily identified as Caulophacus discohexactinus , it is 
the second record of this species described by Janussen et al. (2004) 
from the abyssal Weddell Sea. 

The high productivity area, North of South Georgia (c. 51°S, 39°W, 
station PS79/175) provided a typical Antarctic abyssal poriferan fauna, 
including smaller and larger representatives of the Demospongiae, such as 
Asbestopluma, Chondrocladia (Cladorhizidae) and Radiella antartica 
(Polymastiidae). The Hexactinellida were represented by three species of 
the Antarctic abyssal character sponge genus Chondrocladia. 

The shallow water shelf station at 53°48'S, 52°2'W (station PS79/177, 
about 330 m) provided a high biomass of sponges which were the dominant 
phylum at this station, as it is commonly the case on the Antarctic 
shelf. The taxonomic composition is still only very preliminarily known 
(as there was no more time to make any skeletal preparations), but it can 
roughly be characterized as a mixture of the Antarctic and a South 
Atlantic (Magellan) sponge fauna. Dominant Demospongiae were Phakellia 
and Geodia (the latter belongs to the Magellan fauna and is very 
untypical for the Antarctic). The Hexactinellida were represented by at 
least two species of Rossella, which is a sponge genus characteristic for 
the Antarctic shelf. From this station, preliminarily 20 species were 
differentiated, but the true species richness will probably turn out to 
be much higher, once preparation has been done in the home lab. 


Fig. 29.1: Distribution of Porifera species on the classes Demospongiae 
           (blue) and Hexactinellida (red) according to stations


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


Tab. 29.1: Sponge taxa collected during the ANT-XXVIII/3 (SYSTCO II) 
           expedition 

Demospongiae  
Asbestopluma cf. calyx      v29        1                89/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Asbestoplum sp.             v1, v2     2/ 1, 175        79/81-17     EBS supra    c. 3760  20.01.2012  
Asbestoplum sp.             v4         1/ 303           79/84-25     EBS supra    c. 4320  23.01.2012  
Asbestoplum sp.             v6         1/ 463           79/84-25     EBS epi      c. 4320  23.01.2012  
Asbestoplum sp.             v3         1/ 296           79/85-15     EBS epi      c. 2750  27.01.2012  
Chondrocladi sp.            v14, v16   2/ 1091, 1147    79/141-8     AGT 7        c. 4100  18.02.2012  
Chondocladia sp.            v17        1/ 1313          79/81-19     AGT 1        c. 3760  20.01.2012  
Chondrocladia sp.           v25        1                89/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Cladorhizidae sp.           v10        1/464            79/84-24     EBS epi      c. 4320  23.01.2012  
Mycaliidae sp.              v25        1                89/175-4     AGT 9        c. 4160  03.03.2012  
Cornulum sp. nov.           v7         1/ 733           79/81-19     AGT 1        c. 3760  20.01.2012  
Radiella antarctica?        v21        1                79/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Radiella antarctica?        v22        2                79/175-4     AGT 9        c. 4160  03.03.2012  
Polymastiidae sp.           v8         1/297            79/85-15     EBS          c. 2730  27.01.2012  
Leiodermatium sp. ?         v15        1/1104           79/86-21     AGT4         c. 3760  31.01.2012  
Geodia sp.                  v21        13/1917, -23     79/177-7     AGT 10       c. 330   07.03.2012  
Phakellia (?)               v23a       8 + fragment       -”-        AGT 10       c. 330      -”- 
  -”-                       v23b       c. 7 fragmen       -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Myxilla sp. (?)             v24        one/1921           -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Haliclona sp. (?)           v25        c. 4, 1936         -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Mycalidae ?                 v26        c. 6/1931          -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Tedania sp.(or Conulum ?    v27        one/1939           -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Yellowish slimy demosp.     v28        c. 3/1934          -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Dark blue demosp.           v29        c. 3/1938          -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Tubular demosponge, Poe     v30        one/1925           -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Green demosponge            v31        c. 4/1935          -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Fan-shaped, thin-walled de  v32        one/1937           -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Yellow, slimy demosp.       v33        c. 1/1932          -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Poecilosclerida (?)         v34        c. 5               -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Hart-textured, darker dem   v35        one/1927           -”-           -”-         -”-       -”- 
Fan-shaped, very soft dem   v36        one/1924           -”-           -”-         -”-       -"- 
Mycale cf. acerata (?)      v20, v37   c. 1/1941, 1926  79/177-3, 7  MUC, AGT 1     -”-       -"- 
Demosp. w. big osculum      v38        1/               79/177-7     AGT 10         -”-       -"- 
Demospongiae sp.            v28        1                89/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Demospongiae sp.            v23        1                89/175-4     AGT 9        c. 4160  03.03.2012  
Demospongi sp.              v12        1/984            79/141-7     AGT 6        c. 4100  18.02.2012  
Hexactinellida  
Caulophacus cf. discohexac  v13        1/2002,          79/141-8     AGT 7        c. 4110  18.02.2012  
Caulophacus (Oxydiscus)     v18a       1                79/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Caulophacus sp. n. ?        v18        1                79175-3      AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Caulophacus sp. n. ?        v24        1                79/175-3     AGT 8        c. 4150  03.03.2012  
Caulophacus sp.             v23a       ?                79/175-4     AGT 9        c. 4160  03.03.2012  
Caulophacus sp.             v9         1/ 687           79/86-20     MUC          c. 3960  
Rossella cf. racovitzae     v19, v22a  1, 95/ 1940,     79/177-3,7   MUC, AGT 10  c. 330   07.03.2012  
Rossella cf. Antarctica     v22b,      c. 20/1920       79/177-7     AGT 10       c. 330   07.03.2012  
Hex.  sp.                   v11        1,565            79/86-24     EBS supra    c. 3960  23.01.2012  


References 

Göcke, C. & Janussen, D. 2011: ANT XXIV/2 (SYSTCO) Hexactinellida 
    (Porifera) and bathymetric traits of Antarctic glass sponges 
    (incorporating ANDEEP-material); including an emendation of the 
    rediscovered genus Lonchiphora. Deep-Sea-Research II, 58, 2013-2021. 

Janussen, D. & Rapp, H. T. 2011: Rediscription of Jenkina articulata 
    Brnøndsted from the deep Eckström Shelf, E-Weddell Sea, Antarctica 
    and a comment on the possible mass occurrence of this species. Deep-
    Sea-Research II, 58: 2022-2026. 

Janussen, D. & Reiswig, H. M. 2009: Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the 
    ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.- Zootaxa 2136:
     1-20. 

Janussen, D. & Tendal, O.S. 2007: Diversity and distribution of Porifera 
    in the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea and adjacent areas.- Deep-Sea 
    Research, II, 54 (16/17): 1864-1875. 

Pile AJ, Young CM (2006). The natural diet of a hexactinellid sponge in a 
    deep-sea: benthic-pelagic coupling in a deep-sea microbial food web. 
    Deep-Sea Research I, 53:1148-1156. 

Mintenbeck K, Jacob U, Knust R, Arntz WE, Brey T (2007): Depth-dependence 
    in stable isotope ratio d15N of benthic POM consumers: The role of 
    particle dynamics and organism trophic guild. Deep-Sea Research I, 
    54: 1015-1023. 

Thurber AR (2007): Diets of Antarctic sponges: links between the pelagic 
    microbial loop and benthic metazoan food web. Marine Ecology Progress 
    Series, 351: 77-89. 

Webster NS, Negri AP, Munro MMHG, Battershill CN (2004). Diverse 
    microbial communities inhabit Antarctic sponges. Environmental 
    Microbiology, 6 (3): 288-300. 




30.  CHANGES IN BENTHIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT 
     TERRESTRIAL IRON INPUT 

     Ann-Christine Zinkann(1)                   1 ZSM 
     not on board: Katrin Knittel(2),           2 MPI for Marine
     Andreas Ellrott(2), Rudolf Amann(2)          Microbiology Bremen 


Objectives 

The marine bacterioplankton community has been shown to strongly depend 
on the primary production of the phytoplankton (for example see West et 
al., 2008; Zubkov et al., 2011). Since phytoplankton growth is stimulated 
by iron in high nutrient, low chlorophyll regions, iron can influence the 
carbon export (in terms of dead plankton and faecal matter) to the sea 
floor. Nothing, however, is yet known about the influence of a 
terrestrial iron input on the microbial community structure 
in sediments. 

We want to study the benthic microbial community composition at sites 
differing in iron input and chlorophyll content. Initially, 16S rRNA gene 
libraries will be constructed to address the bacterial diversity and 
afterwards CARD-FISH will be applied to find key players in the 
degradation of the freshly produced organic matter. Fluorescently 
labelled oligonucleotide probes specific for different groups of benthic 
and planktonic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria will be used to follow the 
community composition. If successful, metagenomic approaches might be 
initiated to reveal the metabolic potential of the identified 
communities. 


Work at sea 

Two parallel sediment cores from five stations (Table 30.1) were obtained 
from the Multiple Corer (MUC) and sliced. Six different depth layers (0-1 
cm, 1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, 3-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm) were fixed and stored at 
-20°C until further processing in the home laboratory. The fixed samples 
will be used for acridine orange direct cell counts (AODC) and catalyzed 
reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). An 
aliquot of each layer was directly frozen at -20°C for DNA analysis. 


Tab. 30.1: Station details 

Station   longitude    latitude   Depth              Regime  
———————  ———————————  ——————————  ——————  ——————————————————————————————————
  177    052°21.30'W  53°48.53'S    340    Shallow station Burdwood Banks  
  175     50°46.63'S  39°25.41'W   4153.7  South Gorgia high Chlorophyll  
  141    012°37.06'W  51°16.03'S   4114.2  West low high Chlorophyll boundary  
   86    012°02.11'W  51°58.74'S   3968.7  Full Station high Chlorophyll
   81     09°59.99'E  51°59.99'S   3760.5  Full Station low Chlorophyll


Expected results 

1) Community shift in diversity and abundance of benthic microorganisms 
   along gradients of different terrestrial iron input to the oceanic 
   waters. 
2) Identification of benthic microorganisms responding to phytoplankton 
   blooms in the Antarctic. Groups such as Roseobacter, Cytophaga-
   Flavobacteria-Bacteroides or Polaribacter shown to strongly depend on 
   phytoplankton blooms have been globally found in marine sediments and 
   are likely candidates. 
3) Bacterial core community that do not differ between the sites. 
4) Significant vertical differences in benthic microbial community 
   structure at sites sampled during a phytoplankton bloom but only low 
   differences for the low chlorophyll site samples 
5) Correlation of benthic microbial community changes with geochemical 
   parameters measured by others on board 


Data management 

Refer to page 75. 


References 

West NJ, Obernosterer I, Zemb O, Lebaron P (2008). Major differences of 
    bacterial diversity and activity inside and outside of a natural 
    iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean. 
    Environmental Microbiology, 10, 738-756. 

Zubkov MV, Fuchs BM, Archer SD, Kiene RP, Amann R, Burkill PH (2001). 
    Linking the composition of bacterioplankton to rapid turnover of 
    dissolved dimethylsulphonio-propionate in an algal bloom in the North 
    Sea. Environmental Microbiology 3, 304-311. 


A.1  TEILNEHMENDE INSTITUTE / PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 

                                           Address


AWI                   Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für 
                      Polar- und Meeresforschung 
                      Postfach 120161 
                      27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
                      
DWD                   Deutscher Wetterdienst 
                      Geschftsbereich Wettervorhersage 
                      Seeschifffahrtsberatung 
                      Bernhard Nocht Str. 76 
                      20359 Hamburg, Germany 

CAWCR/UTS             Centre for Australian Weather and Climate
                      Research (CAWCR), a partnership between
                      CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology,
                      Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, Australia
                      
DGE Geneva            Department of Genetics and Evolution,
                      University of Geneva, Sciences III,
                      30, Quai Ernest Ansermet CH 
                      1211 Genve 4, Switzerland
                      
FMK                   Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig 
                      Museumsmeile Bonn 
                      Adenauerallee 160 
                      53113 Bonn, Germany 
                      
UGent                 Ghent University 
                      Marine Biology Section 
                      Krijgslaan 281, Sterrecomplex S8 
                      B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 
                      
IFM-GEOMAR            Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften 
                      IFM-GEOMAR 
                      Düsternbrooker Weg 20 
                      24105 Kiel, Germany 
                      
IIM-CSIC              Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC) 
                      Marine Biogeochemistry Department 
                      C/Eduardo Cabello, 6. 
                      36208 Vigo, Spain 
                      
IRScNB                Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 
                      Departement of Freshwater Biology Rue Vautier, 29, 
                      B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 
                      
ISW Wassermesstech.   ISW Wassermesstechnik 
                      Gartenweg 1, 
                      D-17213 Fünfseen, OT Petersdorf, Germany 
                      
LEET-UACh             Universidad Austral de Chile, 
                      Independencia 641 Casa Central, 
                      Valdivia, Chile 
                      
MARUM                 MARUM GEO II, R 1050 Klagenfurter Strasse 
                      University of Bremen 
                      28359 Bremen, Germany 
                      
NIOZ                  NIOZ Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor 
                      Zeeonderzoek 
                      Landsdiep 4 
                      1797 SZ ´t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands 
                      
OPTIMARE              OPTIMARE Sensorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG 
                      Am Luneort 15a 
                      D Р27572 Bremerhaven, Germany 
                      
Senckenberg/DZMB      Senckenberg am Meer 
                      Dt. Zentrum für marine Biodiversitätsforschung, 
                      German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research 
                      (DZMB), Senckenberg Research Institute 
                      c/o Biocentrum Grindel 
                      Martin-Luther-King Platz 3 
                      20146 Hamburg, Germany 
                      
Senckenberg/Frankfurt Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Forschungsinstitut 
                      und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 
                      25,D- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 
                      
SoES                  School of Environmental Sciences 
                      Nicholson and Thornley Buildings 
                      University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, 
                      Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK 
                      
UA                    University of Aarhus 
                      Department of Biological Sciences 
                      Section of Marine Ecology 
                      Building 1135, Ole Worms allé 1 
                      DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark 

UAB/ICTA              Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental (ICTA) 
                      Grup de Física de les Radiacions 
                      Facultat de Ciències, C3-348 
                      Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) 
                      08193-Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain 

UBC                   Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, 
                      University of British Columbia, 
                      6339 Stores Road, 
                      Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada 
                      
UBO                   Université de Bretagne Occidentale 
                      Laboratoire des sciences de l´lEnvironnement Marin 
                      Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) 
                      Technopôle Brest-Iroise 
                      Place Nicolas Copernic 
                      F-29280 Plouzane, France 

UIB                   Departamento de Química. Sección Química Analítica 
                      Universidad de las Islas Baleares 
                      Cra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5. Palma 
                      Balearic Islands, SPAIN, 07122 
                      
ZMH                   Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum
                      Martin-Luther-King Platz 3 
                      20146 Hamburg 
                      
ZSM                   Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) 
                      Münchhausenstrasse 21, 
                      D-81247 München, Germany 




A.2 FAHRTTEILNEHMER / CRUISE PARTICIPANTS 

Name/                Vorname/          Institut/         Beruf/ 
Last name            First name        Institute         Profession  
———————————————————  ————————————————  ————————————————  ——————————————————————————————————
Altenburg Soppa      Mariana           AWI               Oceanographer  
Altvater             Fabian            AWI               Student, biology  
Bogner               Boie              GEOMAR            Technician, chemistry  
Brando               Simone Nunes      Senckenberg/DZMB  Biologist   
                                       & Uni. Hamburg  
Brandt               Angelika          Uni H Zoo. Mus.   Biologist  
Brenneis             Tina              AWI               Technician, biology  
Cedhagen             Tomas             Aarhus Univ.      Biologist  
Cheah                Wee               AWI               Biologist  
Crayford             Sharyn            NIOZ              Technician, chemistry  
Donnelly             Matthew           SoES              PhD student, physical oceanography
Graupner             Rainer            OPTIMARE          Technician  
Hauck                Judith            AWI               PhD student, 
                                                         biological oceanography  
Hauquier             Freija            Ghent Univ.       Biologist  
Havermans            Charlotte         IRScNB            PhD student, biology  
Hoppe                Clara             AWI               PhD student, biology  
Hunt                 Brian             UBC               Biologist  
Iversen              Morten Hvitfeldt  MARUM             Biologist  
Janussen             Dorte             Senckenberg       Biologist  
                                       Frankfurt am Main
Jones                Elizabeth         NIOZ              Chemist  
Jörger               Katharina         ZSM               PhD student, biology  
Klaas                Christine         AWI               Biologist  
Kottmeier            Dorothee          AWI               Student, biology  
Kottmeier            Rita              AWI               Student, biology  
Krüger               Matthias          IFM-GEOMAR        Student, physical oceanography  
Laglera Baquer       Luis Miguel       UIB               Chemist  
Leach                Harry             SoES              Phys. Oceanographer  
Lejzerowicz          Franck            DGE Geneva        PhD student, biology  
Meyer-Löbbecke       Anna              Uni HH Zoo. Mus.  Student, biologist  
Müller               Felix             AWI               Student, biotechnology  
Mulsow               Sandor            LEET-UACH         Geologist  
Norman               Louisa            CAWCR/UTS         PhD student, biology  
Pakhomov             Evgeny            UBC               Biologist  
Prandke              Hartmut           ISW               Physicist  
                                       Wassermesstech.   
Puigcorbé Lacueva    Viena             UAB/ICTA          Environmental scientist  
Roca Martí           Montserrat        UAB/ICTA          Environmental scientist  
Rüger                Theresa           AWI               Student, biology  
Salt                 Lesley            NIOZ              PhD student, chemistry  
Sander               Hendrik           OPTIMARE          Engineer  
Santos-Echeanda      Juan              IIM-CSIC          Marine scientist  
Schourup-Kristensen  Vibe              AWI               PhD student, biology  
Schnurr              Sarah             Senckenberg/DZMB  Student, biology  
Schwabe              Enrico            ZSM               Technician  
Simon                Heike             AWI               PhD student, biology  
Stöven               Tim               IFM-GEOMAR        PhD student, chemistry  
Strass               Volker            AWI               Phys. Oceanographer  
Trimborn             Scarlett          AWI               Biologist  
Vortkamp             Martina           Senckenberg/DZMB  Technician, biology  
Wolf-Gladrow         Dieter            AWI               Physicist  
Würzberg             Laura             Uni HH Zoo. Mus.  Biologist  
Zinkann              Ann-Christine     ZSM               Student, biology  




A.3 SCHIFFSBESATZUNG / SHIP'S CREW 


Name                   Rank 
—————————————————————  —————————————
Pahl, Uwe              Master 
Grundmann, Uwe         1. Offc. 
Krohn, Günter          Ch. Eng. 
Fallei, Holger         2. Offc. 
Gumtow, Philipp        2. Offc. 
Rackete, Carola        2. Offc. 
Leichtle, Marion       Doctor 
Hecht, Andreas         R. Offc. 
Sümnicht, Stefan       2. Eng. 
Minzlaff, Hans-Ulrich  2. Eng. 
Holst, Wolfgang        3. Eng. 
Scholz, Manfred        Elec. Tech. 
Dimmler, Werner        ELO 
Stronzek, David        ELO 
Nasis, Ilias           ELO 
Himmel,Frank           ELO 
Voy, Bernd             Boatsw. 
Reise, Lutz            Carpenter 
Scheel, Sebastian      A.B. 
Brickmann, Peter       A.B. 
Winkler, Michael       A.B. 
Hagemann, Manfred      A.B. 
Schmidt, Uwe           A.B. 
Guse, Hartmut          A.B. 
Wende, Uwe             A.B. 
Bcker, Andreas         A.B. 
Preußner, Jörg         Storek. 
Teichert, Uwe          Mot-man 
Elsner, Klaus          Mot-man 
Schütt, Norbert        Mot-man 
Pinske, Lutz           Mot-man 
Plehn, Markus          Mot-man 
Müller-Homburg,        Cook 
Ralf-Dieter            
Silinski, Frank        Cooksmate 
Völske, Thomas         Cooksmate 
Czyborra, Bärbel       1. Stwdess 
Wöckener, Martina      Stwdess/KS
Gaude, Hans-Jürgen     2. Steward
Silinski, Carmen       2. Stewardess
Kraft, Henry           2. Steward
Möller, Wolfgang       2. Steward
Sun, Yong Shen         2. Steward
Yu, Kwok Yuen          Laundrym





A4. STATIONSLISTE / STATION LIST PS79 


Station  Date  Time  Gear  Action  Position Lat  Position Lon  Depth [m]  

PS79/056-1   10.01.12  08:15  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            40°47,29' S  12°45,68'E  4654  
PS79/056-1   10.01.12  08:24  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  40°47,17' S  12°45,75'E  4654,7  
PS79/056-1   10.01.12  08:26  CTD/RO  Hieven               40°47,14' S  12°45,76'E  4654,7  
PS79/056-1   10.01.12  08:34  CTD/RO  an Deck              40°47,06' S  12°45,84'E  4655  
PS79/056-2   10.01.12  08:43  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            40°46,96' S  12°45,93'E  4655,2  
PS79/056-2   10.01.12  09:07  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  40°46,78' S  12°46,05'E  4656,7  
PS79/056-2   10.01.12  09:12  GO-FLO  Hieven               40°46,75' S  12°46,10'E  4656,5  
PS79/056-2   10.01.12  09:37  GO-FLO  an Deck              40°46,61' S  12°46,07'E  4654,2  
PS79/057-1   11.01.12  10:40  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            44°0,07' S   10°0,21'E   4683,5  
PS79/057-1   11.01.12  12:25  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°0,07' S   10°0,28'E   4583,5  
PS79/057-1   11.01.12  12:27  CTD/RO  Hieven               44°0,06' S   10°0,29'E   4670,2  
PS79/057-1   11.01.12  13:58  CTD/RO  an Deck              44°0,24' S   10°0,72'E   4669  
PS79/057-2   11.01.12  14:10  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            43°59,93' S  10°0,12'E   4497,5  
PS79/057-2   11.01.12  14:54  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°0,10' S   10°0,22'E   4675,7  
PS79/057-2   11.01.12  14:54  GO-FLO  Aktion               44°0,10' S   10°0,22'E   4675,7  
PS79/057-2   11.01.12  15:00  GO-FLO  Hieven               44°0,12' S   10°0,21'E   4677,5  
PS79/057-2   11.01.12  15:15  GO-FLO  an Deck              44°0,15' S   10°0,30'E   4626,7  
PS79/057-3   11.01.12  15:44  RAMSES  zu Wasser            43°59,89' S  9°59,72'E   4470  
PS79/057-3   11.01.12  16:02  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  43°59,87' S  9°59,74'E   4472  
PS79/057-3   11.01.12  16:03  RAMSES  Hieven               43°59,87' S  9°59,75'E   4468,5  
PS79/057-3   11.01.12  16:15  RAMSES  Wasserober.flche     43°59,86' S  9°59,77'E   4459  
PS79/057-3   11.01.12  16:16  RAMSES  an Deck              43°59,86' S  9°59,77'E   4466,5  
PS79/057-4   11.01.12  16:31  CTD     zu Wasser            43°59,80' S  9°59,74'E   4453,7  
PS79/057-4   11.01.12  16:47  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  43°59,76' S  9°59,92'E   4443,5  
PS79/057-4   11.01.12  16:49  CTD     Hieven               43°59,76' S  9°59,94'E   4443,5  
PS79/057-4   11.01.12  17:05  CTD     Wasserober.flche     43°59,71' S  10°0,00'E   4437,2  
PS79/057-4   11.01.12  17:06  CTD     an Deck              43°59,71' S  10°0,00'E   4435,5  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  17:27  ISP     zu Wasser            43°59,71' S  10°0,09'E   4438,5  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  17:35  ISP     Aktion               43°59,73' S  10°0,07'E   4442,2  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  17:44  ISP     Aktion               43°59,76' S  10°0,00'E   4465,2  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  17:47  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  43°59,77' S  9°59,98'E   4260  
PS79/057-6   11.01.12  18:36  HN      zu Wasser            43°59,99' S  9°59,79'E   4589,5  
PS79/057-6   11.01.12  18:37  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°0,00' S   9°59,79'E   4541,7  
PS79/057-6   11.01.12  18:37  HN      an Deck              44°0,00' S   9°59,79'E   4541,7  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  20:28  ISP     Hieven               44°0,98' S   9°58,29'E   4510,5  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  20:37  ISP     an Deck              44°1,14' S   9°57,99'E   4463,5  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  20:40  ISP     an Deck              44°1,19' S   9°57,91'E   4775  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  20:48  ISP     an Deck              44°1,35' S   9°57,77'E   4774  
PS79/057-5   11.01.12  20:51  ISP     an Deck              44°1,42' S   9°57,75'E   4771,7  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  21:25  RMT     zu Wasser            44°1,48' S   9°55,95'E   4771,5  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  21:40  RMT     Profil Anfang        44°1,31' S   9°55,22'E   4757  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  21:56  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°1,09' S   9°54,45'E   4749,7  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  21:56  RMT     Hieven               44°1,09' S   9°54,45'E   4749,7  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  22:31  RMT     Profil Ende          44°2,00' S   9°52,22'E   4630,5  
PS79/057-7   11.01.12  22:31  RMT     an Deck              44°2,00' S   9°52,22'E   4630,5  
PS79/058-1   12.01.12  01:00  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            44°20,17' S  10°0,13'E   4686  
PS79/058-1   12.01.12  01:31  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°20,57' S  10°0,23'E   4687,2  
PS79/058-1   12.01.12  01:31  CTD/RO  Hieven               44°20,57' S  10°0,23'E   4687,2  
PS79/058-1   12.01.12  02:05  CTD/RO  an Deck              44°21,04' S  10°0,56'E   4687,2  
PS79/059-1   12.01.12  04:39  CTD     zu Wasser            44°40,09' S  10°0,07'E   4744,7  
PS79/059-1   12.01.12  05:07  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  44°40,39' S  10°0,39'E   4741  
PS79/059-1   12.01.12  05:09  CTD     Hieven               44°40,41' S  10°0,39'E   4741  
PS79/059-1   12.01.12  05:32  CTD     Wasserober.flche     44°40,59' S  10°0,56'E   4739  
PS79/059-1   12.01.12  05:33  CTD     an Deck              44°40,59' S  10°0,57'E   4738,7  
PS79/060-1   12.01.12  08:11  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            44°59,92' S  9°59,90'E   4573,5  
PS79/060-1   12.01.12  09:48  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°0,48' S   10°0,05'E   4600,2  
PS79/060-1   12.01.12  09:49  CTD/RO  Hieven               45°0,49' S   10°0,05'E   4600,2  
PS79/060-2   12.01.12  09:57  HN      zu Wasser            45°0,54' S   10°0,08'E   4604,2  
PS79/060-2   12.01.12  10:00  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°0,55' S   10°0,10'E   4606,2  
PS79/060-2   12.01.12  10:00  HN      an Deck              45°0,55' S   10°0,10'E   4606,2  
PS79/060-1   12.01.12  11:19  CTD/RO  an Deck              45°1,05' S   10°0,50'E   4635,5  
PS79/060-3   12.01.12  11:36  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            45°1,15' S   10°0,58'E   4638,2  
PS79/060-3   12.01.12  12:05  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°1,39' S   10°0,63'E   4637,7  
PS79/060-3   12.01.12  12:09  GO-FLO  Hieven               45°1,43' S   10°0,64'E   4637,7  
PS79/060-3   12.01.12  12:28  GO-FLO  an Deck              45°1,60' S   10°0,70'E   4635,5  
PS79/060-4   12.01.12  12:34  RAMSES  zu Wasser            45°1,64' S   10°0,70'E   4635,7  
PS79/060-4   12.01.12  13:05  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°1,92' S   10°0,68'E   4630,5  
PS79/060-4   12.01.12  13:06  RAMSES  Hieven               45°1,93' S   10°0,67'E   4632  
PS79/060-4   12.01.12  13:17  RAMSES  an Deck              45°2,03' S   10°0,58'E   4627,5  
PS79/060-5   12.01.12  13:31  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            45°2,14' S   10°0,68'E   4628,2  
PS79/060-5   12.01.12  13:47  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°2,23' S   10°0,83'E   4631,2  
PS79/060-5   12.01.12  13:47  CTD/RO  Hieven               45°2,23' S   10°0,83'E   4631,2  
PS79/060-5   12.01.12  14:04  CTD/RO  an Deck              45°2,36' S   10°0,83'E   4630  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  14:30  RMT     zu Wasser            45°2,71' S   9°59,55'E   4602,7  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  14:47  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°2,95' S   9°58,40'E   4591  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  14:48  RMT     Profil Anfang        45°2,96' S   9°58,33'E   4590,2  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  15:14  RMT     Profil Ende          45°3,31' S   9°56,69'E   4583,2  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  15:16  RMT     Wasserober.flche     45°3,33' S   9°56,64'E   4581,5  
PS79/060-6   12.01.12  15:18  RMT     an Deck              45°3,34' S   9°56,63'E   4446,5  
PS79/061-1   12.01.12  17:27  CTD     zu Wasser            45°20,12' S  9°59,47'E   4685,2  
PS79/061-1   12.01.12  17:55  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°20,64' S  9°59,48'E   4682  
PS79/061-1   12.01.12  17:55  CTD     Hieven               45°20,64' S  9°59,48'E   4682  
PS79/061-1   12.01.12  18:21  CTD     Wasserober.flche     45°21,02' S  9°59,28'E   4679,7  
PS79/061-1   12.01.12  18:22  CTD     an Deck              45°21,04' S  9°59,26'E   4681  
PS79/062-1   12.01.12  20:54  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            45°40,50' S  10°0,41'E   4644  
PS79/062-1   12.01.12  21:24  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  45°41,13' S  10°1,26'E   4642,5  
PS79/062-1   12.01.12  21:26  CTD/RO  Hieven               45°41,17' S  10°1,27'E   4642,7  
PS79/062-1   12.01.12  21:57  CTD/RO  an Deck              45°41,65' S  10°1,45'E   4654,7  
PS79/063-1   13.01.12  00:28  RMT     zu Wasser            45°59,96' S  10°0,60'E   4700,7  
PS79/063-1   13.01.12  00:48  RMT     Profil Anfang        46°0,10' S   9°59,58'E   4695,2  
PS79/063-1   13.01.12  01:11  RMT     Profil Ende          46°0,25' S   9°58,34'E   4691,2  
PS79/063-1   13.01.12  01:13  RMT     Wasserober.flche     46°0,25' S   9°58,30'E   4689,5  
PS79/063-1   13.01.12  01:16  RMT     an Deck              46°0,25' S   9°58,32'E   4689,7  
PS79/063-2   13.01.12  01:34  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°0,23' S   9°58,82'E   4694,2  
PS79/063-2   13.01.12  01:51  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°0,34' S   9°58,97'E   4695,2  
PS79/063-2   13.01.12  01:52  CTD/RO  Hieven               46°0,35' S   9°58,98'E   4696  
PS79/063-2   13.01.12  02:10  CTD/RO  an Deck              46°0,41' S   9°59,31'E   4695,7  
PS79/063-3   13.01.12  02:56  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°0,51' S   10°0,07'E   4700,7  
PS79/063-3   13.01.12  04:41  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°0,84' S   10°0,77'E   4715,2  
PS79/063-3   13.01.12  04:43  CTD/RO  Hieven               46°0,85' S   10°0,78'E   4715,5  
PS79/063-3   13.01.12  06:10  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     46°1,51' S   10°1,49'E   4719,5  
PS79/063-3   13.01.12  06:11  CTD/RO  an Deck              46°1,52' S   10°1,50'E   4719,7  
PS79/064-1   13.01.12  08:32  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°20,22' S  10°0,08'E   4893,5  
PS79/064-1   13.01.12  08:59  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°20,56' S  10°0,51'E   4896,7  
PS79/064-1   13.01.12  09:01  CTD/RO  Hieven               46°20,59' S  10°0,54'E   4896  
PS79/064-1   13.01.12  09:27  CTD/RO  an Deck              46°20,91' S  10°0,74'E   4897  
PS79/065-1   13.01.12  11:49  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°39,99' S  10°0,06'E   4964,7  
PS79/065-1   13.01.12  12:16  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°40,12' S  10°0,44'E   4965,5  
PS79/065-1   13.01.12  12:17  CTD/RO  Hieven               46°40,13' S  10°0,45'E   4965,7  
PS79/065-1   13.01.12  12:43  CTD/RO  an Deck              46°40,31' S  10°0,69'E   4966,5  
PS79/066-1   13.01.12  15:16  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°59,92' S  10°0,03'E   4302,5  
PS79/066-1   13.01.12  15:33  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            46°59,87' S  10°0,12'E   4317,8  
PS79/066-1   13.01.12  15:33  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°59,87' S  10°0,12'E   4317,8  
PS79/066-1   13.01.12  15:53  CTD/RO  an Deck              46°59,85' S  10°0,24'E   4340,6  
PS79/066-2   13.01.12  15:59  FRRF    zu Wasser            46°59,84' S  10°0,33'E   4349,9  
PS79/066-2   13.01.12  16:00  FRRF    Fieren               46°59,83' S  10°0,35'E   4350,4  
PS79/066-2   13.01.12  16:19  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°59,83' S  10°0,48'E   4364  
PS79/066-2   13.01.12  16:19  FRRF    Hieven               46°59,83' S  10°0,48'E   4364  
PS79/066-2   13.01.12  16:35  FRRF    an Deck              46°59,87' S  10°0,48'E   4358,1  
PS79/066-3   13.01.12  16:44  HN      zu Wasser            46°59,89' S  10°0,48'E   4356,2  
PS79/066-3   13.01.12  16:47  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  46°59,90' S  10°0,48'E   4354,1  
PS79/066-3   13.01.12  16:49  HN      an Deck              46°59,91' S  10°0,48'E   4350,3  
PS79/066-4   13.01.12  16:57  CTD     zu Wasser            46°59,94' S  10°0,48'E   4351,4  
PS79/066-4   13.01.12  18:29  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°0,61' S   10°0,81'E   4297  
PS79/066-4   13.01.12  18:30  CTD     Hieven               47°0,62' S   10°0,80'E   4298,8  
PS79/066-4   13.01.12  19:47  CTD     Wasserober.flche     47°1,56' S   10°0,81'E   4157,4  
PS79/066-4   13.01.12  19:48  CTD     an Deck              47°1,57' S   10°0,81'E   4151  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:03  RMT     zu Wasser            47°1,55' S   10°0,55'E   4169,8  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:05  RMT     Profil Anfang        47°1,49' S   10°0,48'E   4180,6  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:21  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°1,04' S   10°0,05'E   4188,4  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:21  RMT     Hieven               47°1,04' S   10°0,05'E   4188,4  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:50  RMT     Profil Ende          47°0,25' S   9°59,33'E   4217,7  
PS79/066-5   13.01.12  20:55  RMT     an Deck              47°0,14' S   9°59,24'E   4224,3  
PS79/067-1   13.01.12  23:15  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            47°20,00' S  9°59,87'E   4053,6  
PS79/067-1   13.01.12  23:44  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°19,99' S  9°59,89'E   4057  
PS79/067-1   13.01.12  23:46  CTD/RO  Hieven               47°19,99' S  9°59,89'E   4059,5  
PS79/067-1   14.01.12  00:14  CTD/RO  an Deck              47°20,06' S  9°59,99'E   4060,4  
PS79/068-1   14.01.12  02:47  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            47°40,03' S  9°59,95'E   2154,2  
PS79/068-1   14.01.12  03:15  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°40,23' S  10°0,01'E   2095,3  
PS79/068-1   14.01.12  03:15  CTD/RO  Hieven               47°40,23' S  10°0,01'E   2095,3  2100,3  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:03  CTD     zu Wasser            47°59,79' S  10°0,16'E   4242,6  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:20  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°59,78' S  10°0,35'E   4241,1  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:20  CTD     Hieven               47°59,78' S  10°0,35'E   4241,1  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:26  CTD     Wasserober.flche     47°59,78' S  10°0,36'E   4239,5  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:27  CTD     an Deck              47°59,78' S  10°0,36'E   4244,6  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:28  CTD     Aktion               47°59,78' S  10°0,37'E   4241  
PS79/069-1   15.01.12  05:39  CTD     Aktion               47°59,78' S  10°0,38'E   4234,2  
PS79/069-2   15.01.12  05:44  CTD     zu Wasser            47°59,78' S  10°0,39'E   4242,4  
PS79/069-2   15.01.12  07:16  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  47°59,93' S  10°0,07'E   4240,2  
PS79/069-2   15.01.12  07:17  CTD     Hieven               47°59,94' S  10°0,07'E   4229,6  
PS79/069-3   15.01.12  08:10  HN      zu Wasser            48°0,17' S   9°59,53'E   4212,8  
PS79/069-3   15.01.12  08:13  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°0,17' S   9°59,55'E   4214,9  
PS79/069-3   15.01.12  08:18  HN      an Deck              48°0,16' S   9°59,60'E   4217,2  
PS79/069-2   15.01.12  08:36  CTD     an Deck              48°0,13' S   9°59,63'E   0  
PS79/069-4   15.01.12  08:50  ISP     zu Wasser            48°0,16' S   9°59,61'E   4187  
PS79/069-4   15.01.12  09:13  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°0,18' S   9°59,56'E   4185  
PS79/069-4   15.01.12  11:31  ISP     Hieven               48°0,26' S   9°59,04'E   4183,2  
PS79/069-4   15.01.12  11:48  ISP     an Deck              48°0,24' S   9°58,97'E   4180,9  
PS79/069-5   15.01.12  11:56  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°0,26' S   9°58,95'E   4181,7  
PS79/069-5   15.01.12  12:13  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°0,36' S   9°58,85'E   4181,3  
PS79/069-5   15.01.12  12:13  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°0,36' S   9°58,85'E   4181,3  
PS79/069-5   15.01.12  12:34  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°0,37' S   9°58,90'E   4186,7  
PS79/069-6   15.01.12  12:45  HN      zu Wasser            48°0,40' S   9°58,95'E   4168,9  
PS79/069-6   15.01.12  12:50  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°0,40' S   9°58,95'E   4170,4  
PS79/069-6   15.01.12  12:51  HN      an Deck              48°0,39' S   9°58,95'E   4171,9  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  12:57  RMT     zu Wasser            48°0,18' S   9°58,87'E   4175  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  13:16  RMT     Profil Anfang        47°59,33' S  9°58,27'E   4185,7  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  13:16  RMT     Hieven               47°59,33' S  9°58,27'E   4185,7  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  13:42  RMT     Profil Ende          47°58,15' S  9°57,44'E   4189,7  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  13:43  RMT     Wasserober.flche     47°58,11' S  9°57,40'E   4190,3  
PS79/069-7   15.01.12  13:46  RMT     an Deck              47°58,05' S  9°57,35'E   4190,3  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  16:17  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            48°20,01' S  9°59,71'E   3411,1  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  16:49  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°20,12' S  9°59,81'E   3333,8  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  16:56  GO-FLO  Hieven               48°20,12' S  9°59,83'E   0  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  17:00  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°20,10' S  9°59,81'E   3337,6  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  17:05  GO-FLO  Hieven               48°20,17' S  9°59,76'E   3326,7  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  17:18  GO-FLO  Wasserober.flche     48°20,20' S  9°59,82'E   3326,8  
PS79/070-1   15.01.12  17:19  GO-FLO  an Deck              48°20,21' S  9°59,83'E   3327,6  
PS79/070-2   15.01.12  17:25  RAMSES  zu Wasser            48°20,19' S  9°59,83'E   0  
PS79/070-2   15.01.12  17:47  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°20,15' S  9°59,88'E   3337  
PS79/070-2   15.01.12  17:47  RAMSES  Hieven               48°20,15' S  9°59,88'E   3337  
PS79/070-2   15.01.12  18:02  RAMSES  an Deck              48°20,10' S  9°59,91'E   3479,3  
PS79/070-3   15.01.12  18:13  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°20,07' S  10°0,00'E   3360,6  
PS79/070-3   15.01.12  18:38  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°20,25' S  10°0,02'E   3323  
PS79/070-3   15.01.12  18:39  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°20,25' S  10°0,02'E   3323,8  
PS79/070-3   15.01.12  19:06  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     48°20,22' S  9°59,91'E   3325,2  
PS79/070-3   15.01.12  19:07  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°20,22' S  9°59,92'E   3326,9  
PS79/071-1   15.01.12  21:21  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°40,03' S  10°0,27'E   3108  
PS79/071-1   15.01.12  21:50  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°40,09' S  10°0,29'E   3108,1  
PS79/071-1   15.01.12  21:50  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°40,09' S  10°0,29'E   3108,1  
PS79/071-1   15.01.12  22:20  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°40,15' S  10°0,19'E   0  
PS79/072-1   16.01.12  00:36  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°59,99' S  10°0,23'E   3195,1  
PS79/072-1   16.01.12  00:51  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°59,99' S  10°0,42'E   0  
PS79/072-1   16.01.12  00:52  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°59,98' S  10°0,42'E   0  
PS79/072-1   16.01.12  01:13  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°59,94' S  10°0,67'E   3173,4  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  01:24  RMT     zu Wasser            48°59,85' S  10°0,45'E   3181,4  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  01:42  RMT     Profil Anfang        48°59,71' S  9°59,47'E   3234,1  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  01:42  RMT     Hieven               48°59,71' S  9°59,47'E   3234,1  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  02:06  RMT     Profil Ende          48°59,60' S  9°58,04'E   0  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  02:08  RMT     Wasserober.flche     48°59,60' S  9°57,97'E   0  
PS79/072-2   16.01.12  02:10  RMT     an Deck              48°59,60' S  9°57,95'E   3274,8  
PS79/072-3   16.01.12  02:49  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°0,00' S   10°0,23'E   3195,6  
PS79/072-3   16.01.12  04:00  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°0,00' S   10°0,28'E   0  
PS79/072-3   16.01.12  04:01  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°0,01' S   10°0,29'E   0  
PS79/072-4   16.01.12  04:04  HN      zu Wasser            49°0,03' S   10°0,33'E   3195,2  
PS79/072-4   16.01.12  04:05  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°0,04' S   10°0,35'E   0  
PS79/072-4   16.01.12  04:07  HN      an Deck              49°0,05' S   10°0,40'E   0  
PS79/072-5   16.01.12  04:33  HN      zu Wasser            49°0,24' S   10°0,64'E   3181,4  
PS79/072-5   16.01.12  04:34  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°0,25' S   10°0,65'E   0  
PS79/072-5   16.01.12  04:39  HN      an Deck              49°0,30' S   10°0,72'E   0  
PS79/072-3   16.01.12  05:06  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°0,54' S   10°0,93'E   0  
PS79/072-3   16.01.12  05:07  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°0,55' S   10°0,94'E   0  
PS79/072-6   16.01.12  05:24  MUC     zu Wasser            48°59,98' S  10°0,08'E   3201  
PS79/072-6   16.01.12  06:17  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°59,96' S  10°0,22'E   3195,2  
PS79/072-6   16.01.12  06:18  MUC     Hieven               48°59,96' S  10°0,22'E   3196,3  
PS79/072-6   16.01.12  07:01  MUC     Wasserober.flche     48°59,98' S  10°0,18'E   0  
PS79/072-6   16.01.12  07:03  MUC     an Deck              48°59,98' S  10°0,16'E   3198  
PS79/072-7   16.01.12  07:30  MUC     zu Wasser            49°0,00' S   10°0,28'E   0  
PS79/072-7   16.01.12  08:32  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°59,99' S  10°0,16'E   0  
PS79/072-7   16.01.12  09:26  MUC     an Deck              49°0,20' S   10°0,33'E   0  
PS79/073-1   16.01.12  11:46  FRRF    zu Wasser            49°20,44' S  9°59,86'E   4026,2  
PS79/073-1   16.01.12  12:03  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°20,48' S  10°0,02'E   4019,7  
PS79/073-1   16.01.12  12:04  FRRF    Hieven               49°20,49' S  10°0,06'E   4019,2  
PS79/073-1   16.01.12  12:20  FRRF    an Deck              49°20,61' S  10°0,45'E   4005  
PS79/073-2   16.01.12  12:32  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°20,58' S  10°0,43'E   4006  
PS79/073-2   16.01.12  13:03  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°20,68' S  10°0,81'E   3990,5  
PS79/073-2   16.01.12  13:03  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°20,68' S  10°0,81'E   3990,5  
PS79/073-2   16.01.12  13:31  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°20,68' S  10°1,15'E   3980,2  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:08  MUC     zu Wasser            49°20,66' S  10°1,27'E   3968,7  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:09  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°20,66' S  10°1,28'E   3968,7  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:12  MUC     Wasserober.flche     49°20,67' S  10°1,31'E   3982,5  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:12  MUC     Fieren               49°20,67' S  10°1,31'E   3982,5  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:14  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°20,69' S  10°1,33'E   3946,5  
PS79/073-3   16.01.12  14:18  MUC     an Deck              49°20,68' S  10°1,30'E   3967,7  
PS79/074-1   16.01.12  16:35  CTD     zu Wasser            49°40,01' S  10°0,13'E   4084,7  
PS79/074-1   16.01.12  17:00  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°40,02' S  10°0,16'E   4074,7  
PS79/074-1   16.01.12  17:01  CTD     Hieven               49°40,01' S  10°0,15'E   4080,5  
PS79/074-1   16.01.12  17:27  CTD     Wasserober.flche     49°40,01' S  10°0,05'E   4093  
PS79/074-1   16.01.12  17:28  CTD     an Deck              49°40,01' S  10°0,05'E   4118,2  
PS79/075-1   16.01.12  19:46  CTD     zu Wasser            50°0,00' S   9°59,95'E   3650,5  
PS79/075-2   16.01.12  20:44  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,13' S   9°59,67'E   3644,2  
PS79/075-2   16.01.12  20:51  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,15' S   9°59,74'E   3642,2  
PS79/075-2   16.01.12  20:52  HN      an Deck              50°0,15' S   9°59,75'E   3642,2  
PS79/075-1   16.01.12  21:02  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,09' S   9°59,69'E   3645  
PS79/075-1   16.01.12  21:03  CTD     Hieven               50°0,09' S   9°59,69'E   3646,2  
PS79/075-3   16.01.12  21:17  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,15' S   9°59,78'E   3656,7  
PS79/075-3   16.01.12  21:27  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,12' S   9°59,76'E   3643,7  
PS79/075-3   16.01.12  21:27  HN      an Deck              50°0,12' S   9°59,76'E   3643,7  
PS79/075-1   16.01.12  22:21  CTD     an Deck              50°0,43' S   9°59,59'E   3634,7  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  22:38  RMT     zu Wasser            50°0,15' S   9°59,30'E   3593,3  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  22:40  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°0,10' S   9°59,23'E   3601,7  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  22:56  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,70' S  9°58,85'E   3576,5  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  22:56  RMT     Hieven               49°59,70' S  9°58,85'E   3576,5  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  23:22  RMT     Profil Ende          49°59,08' S  9°58,25'E   3552,7  
PS79/075-4   16.01.12  23:23  RMT     an Deck              49°59,06' S  9°58,25'E   3552,5  
PS79/075-5   17.01.12  06:19  TEST    Aktion               50°0,13' S   9°59,50'E   3624,5  
PS79/075-5   17.01.12  06:29  TEST    Aktion               50°0,22' S   9°59,67'E   3640,5  
PS79/075-5   17.01.12  07:20  TEST    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,55' S   9°59,34'E   3619,7  
PS79/075-5   17.01.12  07:26  TEST    Hieven               50°0,61' S   9°59,42'E   3627,2  
PS79/075-5   17.01.12  08:16  TEST    an Deck              50°0,94' S   9°59,11'E   3608,5  
PS79/075-6   17.01.12  08:31  MUC     zu Wasser            50°1,02' S   9°59,13'E   3604,5  
PS79/075-6   17.01.12  09:22  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°1,45' S   9°58,90'E   3544,5  
PS79/075-6   17.01.12  10:14  MUC     an Deck              50°1,80' S   9°59,02'E   3511,5  
PS79/075-7   17.01.12  10:27  PUMP    zu Wasser            50°1,88' S   9°59,08'E   3516,2  
PS79/075-7   17.01.12  10:30  PUMP    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°1,90' S   9°59,14'E   3521  
PS79/075-7   17.01.12  11:56  PUMP    Hieven               50°2,53' S   10°0,96'E   3622,2  
PS79/075-7   17.01.12  12:00  PUMP    an Deck              50°2,56' S   10°1,00'E   3621,5  
PS79/075-8   17.01.12  12:17  RAMSES  zu Wasser            50°2,74' S   10°1,06'E   3608,5  
PS79/075-8   17.01.12  12:40  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°3,03' S   10°1,20'E   3603,7  
PS79/075-8   17.01.12  12:40  RAMSES  Hieven               50°3,03' S   10°1,20'E   3603,7  
PS79/075-8   17.01.12  12:58  RAMSES  an Deck              50°3,24' S   10°1,14'E   3600  
PS79/075-9   17.01.12  13:11  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°3,34' S   10°1,00'E   3588  
PS79/075-9   17.01.12  13:33  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°3,57' S   10°0,95'E   3584,5  
PS79/075-9   17.01.12  13:34  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°3,59' S   10°0,97'E   3584,7  
PS79/075-9   17.01.12  13:55  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°3,86' S   10°1,08'E   3582,2  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  14:38  MUC     zu Wasser            50°3,46' S   10°3,49'E   3672,2  
PS79/075-11  17.01.12  14:55  HN      zu Wasser            50°3,54' S   10°3,71'E   3671,3  
PS79/075-11  17.01.12  14:57  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°3,55' S   10°3,70'E   3673,2  
PS79/075-11  17.01.12  14:59  HN      an Deck              50°3,55' S   10°3,69'E   3672,5  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  15:27  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°3,63' S   10°3,69'E   3669,2  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  15:30  MUC     Hieven               50°3,65' S   10°3,71'E   3670,7  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  15:35  MUC     frei vom Grund       50°3,67' S   10°3,66'E   3668,2  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  16:22  MUC     Wasserober.flche     50°3,79' S   10°4,19'E   3685,5  
PS79/075-10  17.01.12  16:23  MUC     an Deck              50°3,80' S   10°4,22'E   3685,5  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  18:29  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            50°19,91' S  10°0,42'E   4367  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  18:55  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°19,80' S  10°0,88'E   4362  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  18:59  GO-FLO  Hieven               50°19,78' S  10°0,91'E   4361,5  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  19:18  GO-FLO  Fieren               50°19,71' S  10°1,19'E   4359,2  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  19:29  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°19,70' S  10°1,21'E   4363,5  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  19:38  GO-FLO  Hieven               50°19,72' S  10°1,27'E   4359,7  
PS79/076-1   17.01.12  19:56  GO-FLO  an Deck              50°19,76' S  10°1,30'E   4359  
PS79/076-2   17.01.12  20:01  CTD     zu Wasser            50°19,78' S  10°1,35'E   4356,3  
PS79/076-2   17.01.12  20:27  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°19,85' S  10°1,44'E   4360,5  
PS79/076-2   17.01.12  20:28  CTD     Hieven               50°19,85' S  10°1,45'E   4357,9  
PS79/076-2   17.01.12  21:00  CTD     an Deck              50°19,95' S  10°1,34'E   4362  
PS79/077-1   17.01.12  23:18  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°39,87' S  9°59,98'E   4228  
PS79/077-1   17.01.12  23:43  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°39,90' S  9°59,97'E   4227  
PS79/077-1   17.01.12  23:45  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°39,90' S  9°59,97'E   4226,2  
PS79/077-1   18.01.12  00:15  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°39,88' S  9°59,97'E   4227,5  
PS79/078-1   18.01.12  02:35  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°0,00' S   10°0,03'E   3949,5  
PS79/078-2   18.01.12  02:56  HN      zu Wasser            50°59,97' S  10°0,07'E   3951  
PS79/078-1   18.01.12  02:57  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,97' S  10°0,07'E   3951,5  
PS79/078-1   18.01.12  02:58  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°59,97' S  10°0,07'E   3951  
PS79/078-2   18.01.12  02:58  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,97' S  10°0,07'E   3951  
PS79/078-2   18.01.12  03:05  HN      an Deck              50°59,97' S  10°0,05'E   3951  
PS79/078-1   18.01.12  03:19  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°59,94' S  9°59,99'E   3949  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  03:32  RMT     zu Wasser            50°59,65' S  10°0,18'E   3968,5  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  03:48  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°59,20' S  10°1,11'E   4035  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  03:48  RMT     Hieven               50°59,20' S  10°1,11'E   4035  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  04:12  RMT     Profil Ende          50°58,62' S  10°2,21'E   3955  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  04:13  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°58,61' S  10°2,24'E   3953,2  
PS79/078-3   18.01.12  04:22  RMT     an Deck              50°58,47' S  10°2,50'E   3936,5  
PS79/078-4   18.01.12  04:51  CTD     zu Wasser            51°0,08' S   9°59,93'E   3946  
PS79/078-4   18.01.12  06:14  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°1,13' S   10°0,31'E   3905,7  
PS79/078-4   18.01.12  06:15  CTD     Hieven               51°1,15' S   10°0,30'E   3904,2  
PS79/078-4   18.01.12  07:42  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°2,64' S   10°1,40'E   0  
PS79/078-4   18.01.12  07:44  CTD     an Deck              51°2,68' S   10°1,44'E   3941,2  
PS79/078-5   18.01.12  08:18  MUC     zu Wasser            51°0,06' S   10°0,01'E   3944,7  
PS79/078-5   18.01.12  09:13  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,00' S   10°0,00'E   3949,5  
PS79/078-5   18.01.12  09:15  MUC     Hieven               51°0,00' S   9°59,99'E   3950,5  
PS79/078-5   18.01.12  10:15  MUC     an Deck              51°0,06' S   10°0,03'E   3946,5  
PS79/079-1   18.01.12  12:30  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°20,13' S  10°0,00'E   3909,6  
PS79/079-1   18.01.12  13:01  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°20,18' S  9°59,83'E   3901  
PS79/079-1   18.01.12  13:03  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°20,18' S  9°59,82'E   3899,5  
PS79/079-1   18.01.12  13:31  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°20,21' S  9°59,77'E   3896,5  
PS79/079-2   18.01.12  13:41  RAMSES  zu Wasser            51°20,22' S  9°59,65'E   3890,5  
PS79/079-2   18.01.12  14:00  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°20,44' S  9°59,74'E   3873,2  
PS79/079-2   18.01.12  14:00  RAMSES  Hieven               51°20,44' S  9°59,74'E   3873,2  
PS79/079-2   18.01.12  14:21  RAMSES  an Deck              51°20,56' S  9°59,69'E   3867,2  
PS79/080-1   18.01.12  16:42  CTD     zu Wasser            51°40,10' S  10°0,14'E   3761,7  
PS79/080-1   18.01.12  17:10  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°40,27' S  10°0,38'E   3757,7  
PS79/080-1   18.01.12  17:11  CTD     Hieven               51°40,27' S  10°0,39'E   3768  
PS79/080-1   18.01.12  17:38  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°40,34' S  10°0,53'E   3755  
PS79/080-1   18.01.12  17:39  CTD     an Deck              51°40,34' S  10°0,54'E   3754,7  
PS79/081-1   18.01.12  20:36  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,92' S  10°0,24'E   3752,7  
PS79/081-1   18.01.12  22:06  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,07' S   10°0,54'E   3747,7  
PS79/081-1   18.01.12  22:06  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°0,07' S   10°0,54'E   3747,7  
PS79/081-1   18.01.12  23:31  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,24' S   10°0,46'E   3752,5  
PS79/081-2   18.01.12  23:54  RMT     zu Wasser            52°0,30' S   10°0,41'E   3753,5  
PS79/081-2   19.01.12  00:12  RMT     Profil Anfang        52°0,63' S   9°59,35'E   3949,2  
PS79/081-2   19.01.12  00:13  RMT     Hieven               52°0,65' S   9°59,30'E   3773,5  
PS79/081-2   19.01.12  00:35  RMT     Profil Ende          52°1,06' S   9°58,04'E   3795  
PS79/081-2   19.01.12  00:37  RMT     Wasserober.flche     52°1,08' S   9°57,92'E   3788,2  
PS79/081-2   19.01.12  00:40  RMT     an Deck              52°1,10' S   9°57,83'E   3785  
PS79/081-3   19.01.12  01:13  ISP     zu Wasser            52°0,88' S   9°59,77'E   3767,7  
PS79/081-3   19.01.12  01:39  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,94' S   10°0,09'E   3763  
PS79/081-4   19.01.12  02:59  HN      zu Wasser            52°1,33' S   10°0,54'E   3759,2  
PS79/081-4   19.01.12  03:07  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°1,38' S   10°0,57'E   3760  
PS79/081-4   19.01.12  03:11  HN      an Deck              52°1,41' S   10°0,57'E   3760,2  
PS79/081-3   19.01.12  04:30  ISP     Hieven               52°1,74' S   10°0,52'E   3766,5  
PS79/081-3   19.01.12  04:49  ISP     Wasserober.flche     52°1,85' S   10°0,35'E   3768,7  
PS79/081-3   19.01.12  04:50  ISP     an Deck              52°1,85' S   10°0,34'E   3768,5  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  05:20  CTD     zu Wasser            51°59,85' S  9°59,73'E   3753,5  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  05:35  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,85' S  9°59,92'E   3759,2  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  05:36  CTD     Hieven               51°59,85' S  9°59,93'E   3757,2  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  05:54  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°59,89' S  10°0,11'E   3764  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  05:55  CTD     an Deck              51°59,89' S  10°0,11'E   3756,2  
PS79/081-5   19.01.12  06:02  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°59,94' S  10°0,14'E   3757,5  
PS79/081-6   19.01.12  06:02  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°59,94' S  10°0,14'E   3757,5  
PS79/081-6   19.01.12  06:27  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,19' S   10°0,37'E   3756,2  
PS79/081-6   19.01.12  06:33  GO-FLO  Hieven               52°0,22' S   10°0,40'E   3754,2  
PS79/081-6   19.01.12  06:50  GO-FLO  an Deck              52°0,38' S   10°0,63'E   3743,7  
PS79/081-7   19.01.12  07:10  MUC     zu Wasser            51°59,51' S  9°59,57'E   3756,5  
PS79/081-7   19.01.12  07:59  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,63' S  10°0,24'E   3745,7  
PS79/081-7   19.01.12  08:52  MUC     an Deck              51°59,80' S  10°0,32'E   3746,5  
PS79/081-8   19.01.12  09:21  MUC     zu Wasser            51°59,89' S  10°0,11'E   3756,2  
PS79/081-8   19.01.12  10:13  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,99' S  9°59,99'E   3760,5  
PS79/081-8   19.01.12  10:14  MUC     Hieven               51°59,99' S  9°59,98'E   3760,5  
PS79/081-8   19.01.12  11:05  MUC     an Deck              52°0,02' S   10°0,01'E   3760,7  
PS79/081-9   19.01.12  11:27  MUC     zu Wasser            52°0,00' S   10°0,02'E   3760,7  
PS79/081-9   19.01.12  12:17  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,01' S   10°0,05'E   3760,7  
PS79/081-9   19.01.12  12:18  MUC     Hieven               52°0,01' S   10°0,06'E   3760,2  
PS79/081-9   19.01.12  13:09  MUC     an Deck              52°0,03' S   10°0,29'E   3755,3  
PS79/081-10  19.01.12  13:16  RAMSES  zu Wasser            52°0,03' S   10°0,37'E   3755,5  
PS79/081-10  19.01.12  13:36  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,93' S  10°0,30'E   3754  
PS79/081-10  19.01.12  13:50  RAMSES  an Deck              51°59,89' S  10°0,21'E   3754,5  
PS79/081-11  19.01.12  14:03  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,87' S  10°0,13'E   3754,7  
PS79/081-11  19.01.12  14:14  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,87' S  10°0,10'E   3755,2  
PS79/081-11  19.01.12  14:14  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°59,87' S  10°0,10'E   3755,2  
PS79/081-11  19.01.12  14:27  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°59,89' S  10°0,10'E   3756,5  
PS79/081-12  19.01.12  14:38  MUC     zu Wasser            51°59,92' S  10°0,15'E   3756,7  
PS79/081-12  19.01.12  15:30  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,93' S  10°0,06'E   3757,5  
PS79/081-12  19.01.12  15:31  MUC     Hieven               51°59,93' S  10°0,05'E   3758  
PS79/081-12  19.01.12  16:23  MUC     Wasserober.flche     52°0,07' S   9°59,90'E   3760,7  
PS79/081-12  19.01.12  16:25  MUC     an Deck              52°0,09' S   9°59,90'E   3760,5  
PS79/081-13  19.01.12  16:39  MUC     zu Wasser            52°0,16' S   9°59,91'E   3761,5  
PS79/081-13  19.01.12  17:41  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,04' S   9°59,90'E   3760,5  
PS79/081-13  19.01.12  17:42  MUC     Hieven               52°0,03' S   9°59,90'E   3760  
PS79/081-13  19.01.12  18:40  MUC     Wasserober.flche     51°59,84' S  10°0,14'E   3753,5  
PS79/081-13  19.01.12  18:42  MUC     an Deck              51°59,84' S  10°0,17'E   3754,2  
PS79/081-14  19.01.12  19:01  CTD     zu Wasser            51°59,86' S  10°0,19'E   3754  
PS79/081-15  19.01.12  19:54  HN      zu Wasser            52°0,25' S   10°0,31'E   3757,2  
PS79/081-15  19.01.12  19:57  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,27' S   10°0,29'E   3758  
PS79/081-15  19.01.12  19:59  HN      an Deck              52°0,29' S   10°0,29'E   3757,7  
PS79/081-14  19.01.12  20:20  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,52' S   10°0,37'E   3754,7  
PS79/081-14  19.01.12  20:23  CTD     Hieven               52°0,54' S   10°0,38'E   3754  
PS79/081-14  19.01.12  21:35  CTD     an Deck              52°1,06' S   10°0,58'E   3757,2  
PS79/081-16  19.01.12  21:39  FRRF    zu Wasser            52°1,09' S   10°0,63'E   3756  
PS79/081-16  19.01.12  21:48  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°1,09' S   10°0,70'E   3755,2  
PS79/081-16  19.01.12  21:49  FRRF    Hieven               52°1,09' S   10°0,72'E   3755  
PS79/081-16  19.01.12  21:58  FRRF    an Deck              52°1,15' S   10°0,82'E   3753,7  
PS79/081-17  19.01.12  22:35  EBS     zu Wasser            52°1,28' S   10°4,07'E   3637,5  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  00:11  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,18' S   10°0,72'E   3743,7  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  01:17  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°59,75' S  9°59,45'E   3756  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  01:27  EBS     Profil Ende          51°59,67' S  9°59,27'E   3756,2  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  01:27  EBS     Hieven               51°59,67' S  9°59,27'E   3756,2  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  02:31  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°59,61' S  9°59,10'E   3763,4  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  04:07  EBS     Wasserober.flche     51°59,65' S  9°58,10'E   3784  
PS79/081-17  20.01.12  04:10  EBS     an Deck              51°59,65' S  9°58,07'E   3783,7  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  05:14  EBS     zu Wasser            52°1,75' S   10°5,07'E   3673,5  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  06:48  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,36' S   10°1,47'E   3705,7  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  07:52  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,95' S  9°59,87'E   3758,5  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  07:53  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°59,95' S  9°59,85'E   3758,2  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  08:03  EBS     Profil Ende          51°59,88' S  9°59,58'E   3755,7  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  08:54  EBS     Hieven               51°59,90' S  9°59,60'E   3756,5  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  09:10  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°59,89' S  9°59,55'E   3757,2  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  10:44  EBS     Wasserober.flche     52°0,14' S   9°59,23'E   3764  
PS79/081-18  20.01.12  10:47  EBS     an Deck              52°0,14' S   9°59,25'E   3763,5  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  11:48  AGT     zu Wasser            51°58,35' S  10°4,97'E   3691,5  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  11:50  AGT     Wasserober.flche     51°58,39' S  10°4,83'E   3694  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  11:52  AGT     Fieren               51°58,44' S  10°4,69'E   3698  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  13:01  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,66' S  10°0,94'E   3720,5  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  13:30  AGT     Profil Anfang        52°0,17' S   9°59,62'E   3762  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  13:40  AGT     Profil Ende          52°0,27' S   9°59,41'E   3764  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  13:40  AGT     Hieven               52°0,27' S   9°59,41'E   3764  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  14:44  AGT     frei vom Grund       52°0,47' S   9°59,48'E   3766  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  17:01  AGT     Wasserober.flche     52°1,23' S   9°58,96'E   3791  
PS79/081-19  20.01.12  17:05  AGT     an Deck              52°1,26' S   9°58,92'E   3791,7  
PS79/081-20  20.01.12  17:53  MN      zu Wasser            51°59,96' S  10°0,29'E   3750,7  
PS79/081-20  20.01.12  19:02  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,10' S   10°1,09'E   3711,2  
PS79/081-20  20.01.12  19:04  MN      Hieven               52°0,11' S   10°1,10'E   3711,5  
PS79/081-20  20.01.12  19:44  MN      Wasserober.flche     52°0,35' S   10°1,20'E   3715,7  
PS79/081-20  20.01.12  19:48  MN      an Deck              52°0,34' S   10°1,26'E   3711,5  
PS79/081-21  20.01.12  20:09  BONGO   zu Wasser            52°0,36' S   10°1,49'E   3705,7  
PS79/081-21  20.01.12  20:17  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,36' S   10°1,59'E   3702,7  
PS79/081-21  20.01.12  20:18  BONGO   Hieven               52°0,36' S   10°1,59'E   3702,5  
PS79/081-21  20.01.12  20:25  BONGO   an Deck              52°0,38' S   10°1,60'E   3703,7  
PS79/081-22  20.01.12  20:32  BONGO   zu Wasser            52°0,37' S   10°1,68'E   3701,7  
PS79/081-22  20.01.12  20:40  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,35' S   10°1,72'E   3700,2  
PS79/081-22  20.01.12  20:40  BONGO   Hieven               52°0,35' S   10°1,72'E   3700,2  
PS79/081-22  20.01.12  20:48  BONGO   an Deck              52°0,36' S   10°1,79'E   3700,2  
PS79/081-23  20.01.12  21:09  TEST    zu Wasser            52°1,96' S   10°1,61'E   3698,4  
PS79/081-23  20.01.12  22:07  TEST    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°11,78' S  10°1,29'E   3708,5  
PS79/081-23  20.01.12  22:11  TEST    Hieven               52°12,36' S  10°1,26'E   3706,7  
PS79/081-23  20.01.12  23:27  TEST    an Deck              52°21,22' S  10°0,50'E   3197,2  
PS79/082-1   20.01.12  23:42  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°20,68' S  10°0,02'E   3142,9  
PS79/082-1   21.01.12  00:08  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°20,81' S  10°0,05'E   3104,5  
PS79/082-1   21.01.12  00:09  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°20,81' S  10°0,06'E   3175,2  
PS79/082-1   21.01.12  00:38  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°20,92' S  10°0,26'E   3049,2  
PS79/083-1   21.01.12  02:44  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°40,00' S  10°0,15'E   3470,1  
PS79/083-1   21.01.12  03:09  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°39,83' S  10°0,25'E   0  
PS79/083-1   21.01.12  03:10  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°39,82' S  10°0,26'E   0  
PS79/083-1   21.01.12  03:41  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°39,75' S  10°0,17'E   0  
PS79/084-1   21.01.12  06:02  CTD     zu Wasser            52°59,87' S  10°0,05'E   3961  
PS79/084-1   21.01.12  07:22  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,16' S   10°0,56'E   4040,7  
PS79/084-1   21.01.12  07:25  CTD     Hieven               53°0,18' S   10°0,56'E   0  
PS79/084-2   21.01.12  08:10  HN      zu Wasser            53°0,35' S   10°0,77'E   4075,7  
PS79/084-2   21.01.12  08:13  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,34' S   10°0,79'E   4072,5  
PS79/084-2   21.01.12  08:15  HN      an Deck              53°0,34' S   10°0,78'E   4063,5  
PS79/084-1   21.01.12  08:48  CTD     an Deck              53°0,37' S   10°0,78'E   4053  
PS79/084-3   21.01.12  08:56  TRAPS   zu Wasser            53°0,35' S   10°0,81'E   4069  
PS79/084-3   21.01.12  09:17  TRAPS   zu Wasser            53°0,31' S   10°0,93'E   4086  
PS79/084-3   21.01.12  09:25  TRAPS   zu Wasser            53°0,29' S   10°0,91'E   4082,2  
PS79/084-3   21.01.12  09:28  TRAPS   zu Wasser            53°0,30' S   10°0,92'E   4081,7  
PS79/084-3   21.01.12  09:28  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,30' S   10°0,92'E   4081,7  
PS79/084-4   21.01.12  09:48  FRRF    zu Wasser            53°0,48' S   10°1,43'E   4301,5  
PS79/084-4   21.01.12  10:04  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,51' S   10°1,40'E   4148  
PS79/084-4   21.01.12  10:17  FRRF    an Deck              53°0,50' S   10°1,40'E   4159  
PS79/084-5   21.01.12  10:32  PUMP    zu Wasser            53°0,54' S   10°1,50'E   4162,2  
PS79/084-5   21.01.12  10:48  PUMP    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,61' S   10°1,37'E   4158  
PS79/084-6   21.01.12  12:08  HN      zu Wasser            53°0,85' S   10°1,33'E   4103,7  
PS79/084-6   21.01.12  12:10  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,85' S   10°1,31'E   4084,2  
PS79/084-6   21.01.12  12:12  HN      an Deck              53°0,86' S   10°1,31'E   4105,5  
PS79/084-5   21.01.12  19:55  PUMP    Hieven               53°3,47' S   10°3,35'E   3639  
PS79/084-5   21.01.12  19:59  PUMP    an Deck              53°3,48' S   10°3,42'E   3640,5  
PS79/084-7   21.01.12  20:10  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            53°3,29' S   10°3,47'E   3860,7  
PS79/084-7   21.01.12  20:43  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°3,26' S   10°3,80'E   3924  
PS79/084-7   21.01.12  20:51  GO-FLO  Hieven               53°3,24' S   10°3,88'E   3920,7  
PS79/084-7   21.01.12  21:15  GO-FLO  an Deck              53°3,22' S   10°4,03'E   0  
PS79/084-8   21.01.12  21:42  TEST    zu Wasser            53°2,60' S   10°3,71'E   4198  
PS79/084-8   21.01.12  23:32  TEST    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°2,25' S   10°3,32'E   4438,7  
PS79/084-8   21.01.12  23:36  TEST    Hieven               53°2,23' S   10°3,30'E   4296,7  
PS79/084-8   22.01.12  01:15  TEST    an Deck              53°2,07' S   10°2,76'E   4413,5  
PS79/084-9   22.01.12  01:52  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            53°0,11' S   10°0,15'E   3972  
PS79/084-9   22.01.12  02:13  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,11' S   10°0,08'E   3971,5  
PS79/084-9   22.01.12  02:14  CTD/RO  Hieven               53°0,10' S   10°0,07'E   3967,7  
PS79/084-9   22.01.12  02:35  CTD/RO  an Deck              53°0,11' S   10°0,09'E   3972,3  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  02:48  RMT     zu Wasser            53°0,12' S   10°0,09'E   3973,9  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  03:05  RMT     Profil Anfang        52°59,50' S  9°59,35'E   4052,7  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  03:05  RMT     Hieven               52°59,50' S  9°59,35'E   4052,7  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  03:30  RMT     Profil Ende          52°58,58' S  9°58,17'E   3941,7  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  03:32  RMT     Wasserober.flche     52°58,52' S  9°58,11'E   3946  
PS79/084-10  22.01.12  03:35  RMT     an Deck              52°58,46' S  9°58,05'E   3945,7  
PS79/084-11  22.01.12  04:08  ISP     zu Wasser            52°59,31' S  9°59,24'E   4052,7  
PS79/084-11  22.01.12  04:37  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°59,38' S  9°59,39'E   4064,2  
PS79/084-11  22.01.12  07:35  ISP     Hieven               52°59,42' S  10°0,26'E   4159,7  
PS79/084-11  22.01.12  08:01  ISP     an Deck              52°59,56' S  10°0,40'E   4081,2  
PS79/084-12  22.01.12  08:27  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°59,62' S  10°0,13'E   3960,1  
PS79/084-13  22.01.12  09:45  HN      zu Wasser            52°59,91' S  10°0,05'E   3962  
PS79/084-13  22.01.12  09:48  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°59,91' S  10°0,04'E   3957,8  
PS79/084-13  22.01.12  09:52  HN      an Deck              52°59,92' S  10°0,02'E   3848,7  
PS79/084-12  22.01.12  09:55  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°59,92' S  10°0,03'E   3961,6  
PS79/084-12  22.01.12  09:56  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°59,93' S  10°0,03'E   3960  
PS79/084-12  22.01.12  11:15  CTD/RO  an Deck              53°0,11' S   10°0,07'E   3970,7  
PS79/084-14  22.01.12  12:08  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°57,80' S  10°12,83'E  4545  
PS79/084-14  22.01.12  12:46  TRAPS   Information          52°57,32' S  10°14,59'E  4532,2  
PS79/084-14  22.01.12  13:07  TRAPS   an Deck              52°57,31' S  10°15,14'E  4532,2  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  14:08  RMT     zu Wasser            53°0,15' S   10°4,98'E   0  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  15:14  RMT     Profil Anfang        53°0,11' S   10°0,15'E   3973,2  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  15:15  RMT     Hieven               53°0,11' S   10°0,09'E   0  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  16:56  RMT     Profil Ende          53°0,05' S   9°53,51'E   4089,5  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  16:57  RMT     Wasserober.flche     53°0,05' S   9°53,47'E   0  
PS79/084-15  22.01.12  17:00  RMT     an Deck              53°0,05' S   9°53,32'E   4055,7  
PS79/084-16  22.01.12  17:49  RAMSES  zu Wasser            53°0,07' S   10°0,22'E   3968,2  
PS79/084-16  22.01.12  18:11  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,42' S   10°0,45'E   4009,2  
PS79/084-16  22.01.12  18:11  RAMSES  Hieven               53°0,42' S   10°0,45'E   4009,2  
PS79/084-16  22.01.12  18:30  RAMSES  an Deck              53°0,66' S   10°0,60'E   0  
PS79/084-17  22.01.12  18:45  CTD     zu Wasser            53°0,10' S   10°0,14'E   3970,7  
PS79/084-17  22.01.12  20:09  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,46' S   10°0,79'E   4067,2  
PS79/084-17  22.01.12  20:10  CTD     Hieven               53°0,47' S   10°0,79'E   4060,2  
PS79/084-17  22.01.12  21:26  CTD     an Deck              53°0,55' S   10°0,79'E   4080,2  
PS79/084-18  22.01.12  21:47  HN      zu Wasser            53°0,53' S   10°0,75'E   4073,5  
PS79/084-18  22.01.12  21:56  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,53' S   10°0,74'E   4062  
PS79/084-18  22.01.12  22:01  HN      an Deck              53°0,54' S   10°0,75'E   4062  
PS79/084-19  22.01.12  22:08  HN      zu Wasser            53°0,55' S   10°0,77'E   4083,5  
PS79/084-19  22.01.12  22:11  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,55' S   10°0,77'E   4067,7  
PS79/084-19  22.01.12  22:15  HN      an Deck              53°0,55' S   10°0,77'E   4073,5  
PS79/084-20  22.01.12  22:21  HN      zu Wasser            53°0,54' S   10°0,74'E   4082,5  
PS79/084-20  22.01.12  22:25  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,53' S   10°0,73'E   4077  
PS79/084-20  22.01.12  22:28  HN      an Deck              53°0,52' S   10°0,73'E   4081,2  
PS79/084-21  22.01.12  22:38  BONGO   zu Wasser            53°0,52' S   10°0,76'E   4084,5  
PS79/084-21  22.01.12  22:47  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,53' S   10°0,83'E   4082,7  
PS79/084-21  22.01.12  22:47  BONGO   Hieven               53°0,53' S   10°0,83'E   4082,7  
PS79/084-21  22.01.12  22:56  BONGO   an Deck              53°0,54' S   10°0,82'E   0  
PS79/084-22  22.01.12  23:01  BONGO   zu Wasser            53°0,54' S   10°0,82'E   4078,3  
PS79/084-22  22.01.12  23:05  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,54' S   10°0,81'E   4083,7  
PS79/084-22  22.01.12  23:05  BONGO   Hieven               53°0,54' S   10°0,81'E   4083,7  
PS79/084-22  22.01.12  23:08  BONGO   an Deck              53°0,54' S   10°0,81'E   4079,9  
PS79/084-23  22.01.12  23:22  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            53°0,55' S   10°0,76'E   4083,2  
PS79/084-23  22.01.12  23:54  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,53' S   10°0,80'E   4081  
PS79/084-23  23.01.12  00:01  GO-FLO  Hieven               53°0,52' S   10°0,78'E   4076,2  
PS79/084-23  23.01.12  00:26  GO-FLO  an Deck              53°0,55' S   10°0,96'E   4094,7  
PS79/084-24  23.01.12  00:55  MUC     zu Wasser            53°0,69' S   10°3,07'E   4323,7  
PS79/084-24  23.01.12  01:53  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,67' S   10°3,00'E   4320,2  
PS79/084-24  23.01.12  01:54  MUC     Hieven               53°0,66' S   10°3,00'E   4331,2  
PS79/084-24  23.01.12  01:55  MUC     frei vom Grund       53°0,67' S   10°3,00'E   4287,2  
PS79/084-24  23.01.12  02:53  MUC     an Deck              53°0,67' S   10°2,94'E   4315,7  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  03:30  EBS     zu Wasser            53°2,67' S   10°7,14'E   4006,5  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  05:30  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°0,89' S   10°3,55'E   4326,7  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  06:32  EBS     Profil Anfang        53°0,34' S   10°2,35'E   4106,2  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  06:43  EBS     Profil Ende          53°0,22' S   10°2,12'E   4046,1  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  06:43  EBS     Hieven               53°0,22' S   10°2,12'E   4046,1  
PS79/084-25  23.01.12  09:54  EBS     an Deck              52°59,29' S  10°1,57'E   4344,2  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  11:09  AGT     zu Wasser            53°4,30' S   10°5,87'E   3444,2  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  12:32  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°1,18' S   10°3,32'E   4309  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  13:06  AGT     Profil Anfang        53°0,13' S   10°2,55'E   4101,4  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  13:16  AGT     Profil Ende          52°59,98' S  10°2,43'E   4118,3  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  13:16  AGT     Hieven               52°59,98' S  10°2,43'E   4118,3  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  14:39  AGT     frei vom Grund       52°59,96' S  10°2,60'E   4113,7  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  17:05  AGT     Wasserober.flche     52°59,03' S  10°4,42'E   4434,7  
PS79/084-26  23.01.12  17:06  AGT     an Deck              52°59,02' S  10°4,48'E   0  
PS79/084-27  23.01.12  17:15  CTD     zu Wasser            52°59,00' S  10°4,76'E   0  
PS79/084-27  23.01.12  17:19  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°59,00' S  10°4,86'E   0  
PS79/084-27  23.01.12  17:22  CTD     Hieven               52°58,99' S  10°4,95'E   4313,3  
PS79/084-27  23.01.12  17:24  CTD     Wasserober.flche     52°58,99' S  10°5,01'E   4314,9  
PS79/084-27  23.01.12  17:25  CTD     an Deck              52°58,99' S  10°5,04'E   4302,6  
PS79/085-1   26.01.12  13:30  RAMSES  zu Wasser            52°0,01' S   7°59,99'W   2750  
PS79/085-1   26.01.12  13:52  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,04' S   8°0,03'W    2749,7  
PS79/085-1   26.01.12  13:53  RAMSES  Hieven               52°0,04' S   8°0,03'W    2749,2  
PS79/085-2   26.01.12  14:06  HN      zu Wasser            52°0,05' S   8°0,00'W    2750,5  
PS79/085-2   26.01.12  14:11  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,04' S   7°59,98'W   2750,5  
PS79/085-2   26.01.12  14:12  HN      an Deck              52°0,04' S   7°59,97'W   2750,7  
PS79/085-1   26.01.12  14:14  RAMSES  an Deck              52°0,03' S   7°59,95'W   2751  
PS79/085-3   26.01.12  14:28  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°0,04' S   7°59,93'W   2751,7  
PS79/085-3   26.01.12  14:45  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,06' S   7°59,88'W   2752,5  
PS79/085-3   26.01.12  14:45  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°0,06' S   7°59,88'W   2752,5  
PS79/085-4   26.01.12  14:47  HN      zu Wasser            52°0,07' S   7°59,88'W   2752,5  
PS79/085-4   26.01.12  14:50  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,08' S   7°59,88'W   2752,2  
PS79/085-4   26.01.12  14:51  HN      an Deck              52°0,08' S   7°59,88'W   2752,7  
PS79/085-3   26.01.12  15:03  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,10' S   7°59,84'W   2753  
PS79/085-5   26.01.12  15:31  MSS     zu Wasser            52°0,08' S   7°59,98'W   2751  
PS79/085-5   26.01.12  15:40  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,08' S   8°0,16'W    2747,7  
PS79/085-5   26.01.12  16:51  MSS     an Deck              52°0,00' S   8°1,56'W    2709,2  
PS79/085-6   26.01.12  17:11  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            52°0,04' S   8°1,61'W    2710,7  
PS79/085-6   26.01.12  17:32  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,98' S  8°1,77'W    2713,7  
PS79/085-6   26.01.12  17:39  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°59,96' S  8°1,77'W    2714  
PS79/085-6   26.01.12  18:00  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°59,91' S  8°1,93'W    2717,2  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  18:28  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°0,03' S   8°0,19'W    2744,7  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  18:36  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     52°0,02' S   8°0,12'W    2746,7  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  18:37  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,01' S   8°0,12'W    2746,7  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  18:59  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,97' S  8°0,19'W    2742,7  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  19:14  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,96' S  8°0,15'W    2743,2  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  19:16  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°59,96' S  8°0,16'W    2743  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  19:20  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°59,95' S  8°0,15'W    2743  
PS79/085-7   26.01.12  19:22  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°59,94' S  8°0,16'W    2742,2  
PS79/085-8   26.01.12  19:42  CTD     zu Wasser            51°59,90' S  8°0,31'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-8   26.01.12  19:50  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,89' S  8°0,38'W    2734  
PS79/085-8   26.01.12  19:53  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°59,90' S  8°0,39'W    2741,7  
PS79/085-8   26.01.12  19:54  CTD     an Deck              51°59,91' S  8°0,40'W    2734,2  
PS79/085-9   26.01.12  20:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,90' S  8°0,27'W    2736  
PS79/085-9   26.01.12  21:11  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,00' S   7°59,97'W   2749,5  
PS79/085-9   26.01.12  21:12  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°59,99' S  7°59,95'W   2750,7  
PS79/085-9   26.01.12  22:07  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,04' S   8°0,04'W    2748,7  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  22:23  RMT     zu Wasser            52°0,08' S   8°0,19'W    2746,5  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  22:24  RMT     Profil Anfang        52°0,11' S   8°0,25'W    2742,2  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  22:40  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,38' S   8°1,27'W    2708  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  22:40  RMT     Hieven               52°0,38' S   8°1,27'W    2708  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  23:10  RMT     Profil Ende          52°0,86' S   8°2,79'W    2695,6  
PS79/085-10  26.01.12  23:10  RMT     an Deck              52°0,86' S   8°2,79'W    2695,6  
PS79/085-11  26.01.12  23:42  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,28' S   8°0,58'W    2731,5  
PS79/085-11  26.01.12  23:43  FLOAT   zu Wasser            52°0,25' S   8°0,53'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-12  26.01.12  23:59  BONGO   zu Wasser            51°59,87' S  8°0,33'W    2735  
PS79/085-12  27.01.12  00:08  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,89' S  8°0,29'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-12  27.01.12  00:08  BONGO   Hieven               51°59,89' S  8°0,29'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-12  27.01.12  00:16  BONGO   an Deck              51°59,90' S  8°0,28'W    2736,7  
PS79/085-13  27.01.12  00:25  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°59,84' S  7°59,99'W   2743,7  
PS79/085-13  27.01.12  00:38  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,90' S  8°0,03'W    2744,7  
PS79/085-13  27.01.12  00:38  FRRF    Hieven               51°59,90' S  8°0,03'W    2744,7  
PS79/085-13  27.01.12  00:50  FRRF    an Deck              51°59,91' S  7°59,97'W   2748  
PS79/085-14  27.01.12  01:14  MUC     zu Wasser            51°59,95' S  7°59,95'W   2749,5  
PS79/085-14  27.01.12  01:54  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,98' S  7°59,99'W   2749,2  
PS79/085-14  27.01.12  01:55  MUC     Hieven               51°59,98' S  7°59,99'W   2748,5  
PS79/085-14  27.01.12  02:39  MUC     an Deck              52°0,10' S   7°59,97'W   2751,2  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  03:41  EBS     zu Wasser            51°58,91' S  7°57,58'W   2807  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  04:57  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,88' S  7°59,73'W   2752  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  05:38  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,23' S   8°0,48'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  05:38  EBS     Profil Anfang        52°0,23' S   8°0,48'W    2735,5  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  05:48  EBS     Hieven               52°0,29' S   8°0,59'W    2730  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  05:48  EBS     Profil Ende          52°0,29' S   8°0,59'W    2730  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  06:32  EBS     frei vom Grund       52°0,56' S   8°0,55'W    2732  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  07:41  EBS     Wasserober.flche     52°1,05' S   8°0,66'W    2719,2  
PS79/085-15  27.01.12  07:42  EBS     an Deck              52°1,06' S   8°0,67'W    2716,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  08:41  AGT     zu Wasser            51°59,58' S  7°54,88'W   2871,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  09:36  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,99' S  7°59,29'W   2751,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  10:01  AGT     Profil Anfang        52°0,02' S   7°59,85'W   2751,7  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  10:11  AGT     Profil Ende          51°59,97' S  8°0,08'W    2745,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  10:11  AGT     Hieven               51°59,97' S  8°0,08'W    2745,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  11:08  AGT     frei vom Grund       51°59,88' S  8°0,41'W    2732,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  12:46  AGT     Wasserober.flche     51°58,67' S  8°0,77'W    2734,5  
PS79/085-16  27.01.12  12:49  AGT     an Deck              51°58,59' S  8°0,80'W    2743  
PS79/086-1   29.01.12  06:10  RAMSES  zu Wasser            51°59,94' S  11°59,79'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-1   29.01.12  06:40  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,82' S  11°59,59'W  3952,4  
PS79/086-1   29.01.12  06:40  RAMSES  Hieven               51°59,82' S  11°59,59'W  3952,4  
PS79/086-1   29.01.12  06:56  RAMSES  Wasserober.flche     51°59,78' S  11°59,58'W  3953,1  
PS79/086-1   29.01.12  06:57  RAMSES  an Deck              51°59,78' S  11°59,59'W  3954,2  
PS79/086-2   29.01.12  07:09  CTD     zu Wasser            51°59,80' S  11°59,79'W  3954,8  
PS79/086-2   29.01.12  07:23  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,76' S  11°59,55'W  3953,9  
PS79/086-2   29.01.12  07:23  CTD     Hieven               51°59,76' S  11°59,55'W  3953,9  
PS79/086-2   29.01.12  07:42  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°59,71' S  11°59,46'W  3953,9  
PS79/086-2   29.01.12  07:43  CTD     an Deck              51°59,71' S  11°59,46'W  3954,9  
PS79/086-3   29.01.12  08:29  MSS     zu Wasser            51°59,76' S  11°59,35'W  3953,1  
PS79/086-3   29.01.12  09:20  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,93' S  11°59,71'W  3952,3  
PS79/086-3   29.01.12  09:45  MSS     an Deck              51°59,89' S  11°59,85'W  3953,9  
PS79/086-4   29.01.12  09:53  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°59,89' S  11°59,85'W  3953,9  
PS79/086-4   29.01.12  10:10  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°59,97' S  11°59,57'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-4   29.01.12  10:19  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°59,97' S  11°59,40'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-4   29.01.12  10:21  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,98' S  11°59,37'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-5   29.01.12  10:30  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°59,92' S  11°58,86'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-5   29.01.12  10:52  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,88' S  11°58,62'W  3950,4  
PS79/086-5   29.01.12  10:57  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°59,85' S  11°58,57'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-5   29.01.12  11:12  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°59,88' S  11°58,27'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-6   29.01.12  11:21  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,83' S  11°58,55'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-7   29.01.12  12:22  HN      zu Wasser            51°59,78' S  11°58,40'W  3952,4  
PS79/086-7   29.01.12  12:26  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,79' S  11°58,36'W  3949,9  
PS79/086-7   29.01.12  12:28  HN      an Deck              51°59,80' S  11°58,33'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-6   29.01.12  12:48  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,81' S  11°58,22'W  3952,4  
PS79/086-6   29.01.12  12:49  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°59,81' S  11°58,21'W  3952  
PS79/086-8   29.01.12  13:38  HN      zu Wasser            51°59,86' S  11°58,10'W  3951,4  
PS79/086-8   29.01.12  13:40  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,88' S  11°58,10'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-8   29.01.12  13:41  HN      an Deck              51°59,88' S  11°58,09'W  3952,4  
PS79/086-6   29.01.12  14:12  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°59,91' S  11°57,92'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-9   29.01.12  16:05  MN      zu Wasser            51°59,66' S  11°56,29'W  3958,5  
PS79/086-9   29.01.12  17:13  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,66' S  11°55,40'W  4050,2  
PS79/086-9   29.01.12  17:14  MN      Hieven               51°59,66' S  11°55,39'W  4047,7  
PS79/086-9   29.01.12  17:57  MN      Wasserober.flche     51°59,83' S  11°54,84'W  4065,7  
PS79/086-9   29.01.12  18:00  MN      an Deck              51°59,84' S  11°54,80'W  4065,5  
PS79/086-10  29.01.12  18:35  RMT     zu Wasser            51°59,86' S  11°55,75'W  3986,5  
PS79/086-10  29.01.12  18:39  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°59,86' S  11°55,99'W  3971,5  
PS79/086-10  29.01.12  18:39  RMT     Profil Ende          51°59,86' S  11°55,99'W  3971,5  
PS79/086-10  29.01.12  18:40  RMT     Hieven               51°59,86' S  11°56,05'W  4123  
PS79/086-10  29.01.12  18:46  RMT     an Deck              51°59,85' S  11°56,41'W  3955,7  
PS79/086-11  29.01.12  22:10  FLOAT   zu Wasser            52°0,04' S   12°0,24'W   3954,7  
PS79/086-11  29.01.12  22:10  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,04' S   12°0,24'W   3954,7  
PS79/086-12  29.01.12  23:19  FRRF    zu Wasser            52°0,99' S   11°52,83'W  4056,7  
PS79/086-12  29.01.12  23:32  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°1,10' S   11°52,56'W  3771,7  
PS79/086-12  29.01.12  23:32  FRRF    Hieven               52°1,10' S   11°52,56'W  3771,7  
PS79/086-12  29.01.12  23:47  FRRF    an Deck              52°1,24' S   11°52,25'W  3686,2  
PS79/086-13  30.01.12  00:08  BONGO   zu Wasser            52°1,10' S   11°51,81'W  3586  
PS79/086-13  30.01.12  00:18  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°1,00' S   11°51,68'W  3564,5  
PS79/086-13  30.01.12  00:18  BONGO   Hieven               52°1,00' S   11°51,68'W  3564,5  
PS79/086-13  30.01.12  00:25  BONGO   an Deck              52°0,95' S   11°51,62'W  3462,4  
PS79/086-14  30.01.12  01:19  BONGO   zu Wasser            52°0,01' S   11°59,83'W  3954,7  
PS79/086-14  30.01.12  01:30  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,96' S  11°59,67'W  4097,5  
PS79/086-14  30.01.12  01:30  BONGO   Hieven               51°59,96' S  11°59,67'W  4097,5  
PS79/086-14  30.01.12  01:36  BONGO   an Deck              51°59,94' S  11°59,56'W  3954,5  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:04  TRAPS   Wasserober.flche     51°56,82' S  11°43,40'W  3686,6  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:05  TRAPS   an Deck              51°56,81' S  11°43,42'W  3686,6  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:11  TRAPS   an Deck              51°56,78' S  11°43,30'W  3692,5  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:17  TRAPS   an Deck              51°56,82' S  11°43,18'W  3692,8  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:29  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°56,81' S  11°43,01'W  3693,2  
PS79/086-15  30.01.12  09:29  TRAPS   an Deck              51°56,81' S  11°43,01'W  3693,2  
PS79/086-16  30.01.12  10:00  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°56,73' S  11°42,31'W  3596,2  
PS79/086-16  30.01.12  10:21  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°56,70' S  11°42,25'W  3592  
PS79/086-16  30.01.12  10:23  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°56,69' S  11°42,22'W  3586,7  
PS79/086-16  30.01.12  10:40  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°56,68' S  11°42,19'W  3586,8  
PS79/086-17  30.01.12  10:49  TEST    zu Wasser            51°56,69' S  11°42,22'W  3590,5  
PS79/086-17  30.01.12  11:17  TEST    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°56,76' S  11°42,20'W  3590,2  
PS79/086-17  30.01.12  11:17  TEST    an Deck              51°56,76' S  11°42,20'W  3590,2  
PS79/086-18  30.01.12  23:10  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            52°0,25' S   11°58,93'W  3945,1  
PS79/086-18  30.01.12  23:25  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°0,23' S   11°58,70'W  3945,8  
PS79/086-18  30.01.12  23:33  CTD/RO  Fieren               52°0,28' S   11°58,61'W  3946,2  
PS79/086-18  31.01.12  00:32  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,40' S   11°58,45'W  3940,1  
PS79/086-18  31.01.12  00:32  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°0,40' S   11°58,45'W  3940,1  
PS79/086-18  31.01.12  01:36  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,68' S   11°58,06'W  3935,5  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  01:46  RMT     zu Wasser            52°0,54' S   11°58,44'W  3938,6  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  02:03  RMT     Profil Anfang        52°0,16' S   11°59,40'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  02:03  RMT     Hieven               52°0,16' S   11°59,40'W  3950,8  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  02:26  RMT     Profil Ende          51°59,72' S  12°0,72'W   3957,3  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  02:27  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°59,70' S  12°0,77'W   3960,1  
PS79/086-19  31.01.12  02:29  RMT     an Deck              51°59,66' S  12°0,84'W   3958,1  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  02:45  EBS     zu Wasser            51°59,71' S  12°1,26'W   3957,8  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  04:30  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,83' S  12°3,17'W   3935  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  05:41  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°59,70' S  12°4,28'W   3964,7  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  05:51  EBS     Profil Ende          51°59,69' S  12°4,40'W   3969,6  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  05:51  EBS     Hieven               51°59,69' S  12°4,40'W   3969,6  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  07:06  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°59,58' S  12°4,13'W   3959,4  
PS79/086-20  31.01.12  08:52  EBS     an Deck              51°59,66' S  12°4,23'W   3963,1  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  09:44  AGT     zu Wasser            51°59,05' S  12°10,16'W  3840,2  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  10:58  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,68' S  12°4,26'W   3963,1  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  11:34  AGT     Profil Anfang        51°59,92' S  12°2,43'W   3933,4  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  12:56  AGT     Profil Ende          52°0,09' S   12°1,49'W   3947,8  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  12:57  AGT     frei vom Grund       52°0,09' S   12°1,48'W   3950,8  
PS79/086-22  31.01.12  15:03  TD      zu Wasser            51°59,07' S  12°0,08'W   3963,2  
PS79/086-22  31.01.12  15:04  TD      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°59,05' S  12°0,06'W   3963,6  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  15:26  AGT     Wasserober.flche     51°58,78' S  11°59,72'W  3964,3  
PS79/086-21  31.01.12  15:28  AGT     an Deck              51°58,76' S  11°59,69'W  3964,7  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  16:11  AGT     Aktion               52°3,41' S   12°1,43'W   3875,1  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  16:12  AGT     zu Wasser            52°3,37' S   12°1,43'W   3875,6  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  17:25  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,38' S   12°3,21'W   3932,4  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  18:00  AGT     Profil Anfang        51°59,12' S  12°4,27'W   3981,6  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  18:10  AGT     Profil Ende          51°58,98' S  12°4,34'W   3990,4  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  18:10  AGT     Hieven               51°58,98' S  12°4,34'W   3990,4  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  19:24  AGT     frei vom Grund       51°58,57' S  12°3,81'W   3995,4  
PS79/086-23  31.01.12  21:51  AGT     an Deck              51°57,80' S  12°3,45'W   3998,5  
PS79/086-24  31.01.12  22:45  EBS     zu Wasser            52°1,62' S   12°0,13'W   3920,1  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  00:28  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,07' S   12°2,94'W   3933,9  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  01:36  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°59,37' S  12°4,35'W   3980  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  01:46  EBS     Hieven               51°59,23' S  12°4,57'W   3995,4  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  03:00  EBS     Profil Ende          51°59,21' S  12°4,52'W   3993,9  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  03:00  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°59,21' S  12°4,52'W   3993,9  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  04:47  EBS     Wasserober.flche     51°58,68' S  12°4,26'W   3999,9  
PS79/086-24  01.02.12  04:49  EBS     an Deck              51°58,67' S  12°4,24'W   4006,1  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  05:34  EBS     zu Wasser            52°1,74' S   11°59,80'W  3917,1  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  07:10  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,49' S   12°2,05'W   3935,5  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  08:23  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°59,68' S  12°3,43'W   3938,3  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  08:33  EBS     Profil Ende          51°59,56' S  12°3,65'W   3940,1  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  08:33  EBS     Hieven               51°59,56' S  12°3,65'W   3940,1  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  09:46  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°59,31' S  12°3,70'W   3944,7  
PS79/086-25  01.02.12  11:26  EBS     an Deck              51°58,80' S  12°4,68'W   4009,2  
PS79/086-26  01.02.12  12:00  MUC     zu Wasser            51°58,90' S  12°3,81'W   3963,1  
PS79/086-26  01.02.12  13:16  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°58,87' S  12°3,76'W   3966,2  
PS79/086-26  01.02.12  13:17  MUC     Hieven               51°58,87' S  12°3,77'W   3963,1  
PS79/086-26  01.02.12  14:35  MUC     an Deck              51°59,03' S  12°3,54'W   3946,2  
PS79/086-27  01.02.12  14:53  MUC     zu Wasser            51°59,08' S  12°3,15'W   3952,4  
PS79/086-27  01.02.12  16:06  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°58,97' S  12°2,83'W   3943,2  
PS79/086-27  01.02.12  16:07  MUC     Hieven               51°58,97' S  12°2,83'W   3943,2  
PS79/086-27  01.02.12  17:25  MUC     Wasserober.flche     51°58,76' S  12°2,50'W   3957,1  
PS79/086-27  01.02.12  17:28  MUC     an Deck              51°58,75' S  12°2,48'W   3957  
PS79/086-28  01.02.12  17:43  MUC     zu Wasser            51°58,70' S  12°2,47'W   3957  
PS79/086-28  01.02.12  18:59  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°58,74' S  12°2,11'W   0  
PS79/086-28  01.02.12  19:00  MUC     Hieven               51°58,74' S  12°2,10'W   3968,7  
PS79/086-28  01.02.12  20:17  MUC     an Deck              51°58,70' S  12°1,88'W   0  
PS79/086-29  01.02.12  20:36  MUC     zu Wasser            51°58,70' S  12°1,85'W   0  
PS79/086-29  01.02.12  21:51  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°58,78' S  12°1,95'W   3970,8  
PS79/086-29  01.02.12  21:52  MUC     Hieven               51°58,78' S  12°1,94'W   3970,5  
PS79/086-29  01.02.12  23:07  MUC     an Deck              51°58,84' S  12°2,08'W   3968,1  
PS79/086-30  01.02.12  23:22  MUC     zu Wasser            51°58,84' S  12°2,22'W   3965,1  
PS79/086-30  02.02.12  00:35  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°58,91' S  12°2,16'W   3965,4  
PS79/086-30  02.02.12  00:37  MUC     Hieven               51°58,91' S  12°2,18'W   3965,8  
PS79/086-30  02.02.12  01:58  MUC     an Deck              51°59,04' S  12°2,45'W   3956,6  
PS79/086-31  02.02.12  02:20  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°59,97' S  11°59,89'W  3952  
PS79/086-31  02.02.12  02:37  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°0,13' S   11°59,84'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-31  02.02.12  02:38  CTD/RO  Hieven               52°0,14' S   11°59,82'W  3949,3  
PS79/086-31  02.02.12  02:58  CTD/RO  an Deck              52°0,26' S   11°59,65'W  3947  
PS79/087-1   02.02.12  10:21  TRAPS   zu Wasser            50°50,11' S  13°9,88'W   3723,5  
PS79/087-1   02.02.12  10:34  TRAPS   zu Wasser            50°50,11' S  13°9,80'W   3725,8  
PS79/087-1   02.02.12  10:42  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°50,11' S  13°9,75'W   3728,4  
PS79/087-1   02.02.12  10:43  TRAPS   zu Wasser            50°50,11' S  13°9,75'W   3728,4  
PS79/087-2   02.02.12  10:53  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°50,21' S  13°9,35'W   3733,5  
PS79/087-2   02.02.12  11:23  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°50,20' S  13°9,25'W   3735,4  
PS79/087-2   02.02.12  11:25  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°50,20' S  13°9,25'W   3735,4  
PS79/087-2   02.02.12  11:54  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°50,31' S  13°9,18'W   3730,8  
PS79/088-1   02.02.12  15:25  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°20,00' S  13°9,99'W   3864,1  
PS79/088-2   02.02.12  15:33  HN      zu Wasser            50°20,00' S  13°9,96'W   3883,3  
PS79/088-2   02.02.12  15:39  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°19,97' S  13°10,01'W  3803  
PS79/088-2   02.02.12  15:41  HN      an Deck              50°19,97' S  13°10,02'W  3791,5  
PS79/088-1   02.02.12  15:53  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°19,93' S  13°10,10'W  3786,9  
PS79/088-1   02.02.12  15:53  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°19,93' S  13°10,10'W  3786,9  
PS79/088-1   02.02.12  16:19  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°20,04' S  13°9,86'W   3963  
PS79/088-1   02.02.12  16:20  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°20,04' S  13°9,86'W   3963,1  
PS79/089-1   02.02.12  16:41  ADCP    Profil Anfang        50°20,94' S  13°9,14'W   4009,2  
PS79/089-1   03.02.12  00:11  ADCP    Kurs.nderung         51°29,80' S  12°49,39'W  3560,5  
PS79/089-1   03.02.12  02:18  ADCP    Kurs.nderung         51°10,35' S  13°9,63'W   0  
PS79/089-1   03.02.12  04:03  ADCP    Profil Ende          50°59,74' S  12°39,84'W  3914,4  
PS79/089-2   03.02.12  06:23  TRAPS   Aktion               50°45,39' S  13°5,74'W   3530,7  
PS79/089-2   03.02.12  06:24  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°45,37' S  13°5,72'W   3529,2  
PS79/089-2   03.02.12  06:34  TRAPS   an Deck              50°45,32' S  13°5,62'W   3522,7  
PS79/089-2   03.02.12  06:48  TRAPS   an Deck              50°45,32' S  13°5,62'W   3523  
PS79/091-1   03.02.12  10:08  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,00' S  12°40,04'W  3926,6  
PS79/091-1   03.02.12  11:37  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,13' S  12°40,05'W  4016,1  
PS79/091-1   03.02.12  11:38  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,13' S  12°40,05'W  4018  
PS79/091-2   03.02.12  12:44  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,20' S  12°40,14'W  4018  
PS79/091-2   03.02.12  12:48  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,20' S  12°40,15'W  4018,8  
PS79/091-2   03.02.12  12:51  HN      an Deck              51°12,21' S  12°40,15'W  4017,7  
PS79/091-1   03.02.12  13:05  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,22' S  12°40,15'W  4017,7  
PS79/091-3   03.02.12  13:14  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,25' S  12°40,20'W  4019,6  
PS79/091-3   03.02.12  13:27  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,32' S  12°40,24'W  4016,9  
PS79/091-3   03.02.12  13:34  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,36' S  12°40,21'W  4026,1  
PS79/091-3   03.02.12  13:36  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,37' S  12°40,20'W  4029,2  
PS79/091-4   03.02.12  13:47  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°12,41' S  12°40,36'W  4028,4  
PS79/091-4   03.02.12  14:06  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,54' S  12°40,39'W  4063,7  
PS79/091-4   03.02.12  14:34  FRRF    an Deck              51°12,66' S  12°40,32'W  4066,8  
PS79/091-5   03.02.12  15:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,75' S  12°40,41'W  4067,6  
PS79/091-6   03.02.12  15:16  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,79' S  12°40,38'W  4069,9  
PS79/091-6   03.02.12  15:21  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,83' S  12°40,37'W  4071,8  
PS79/091-5   03.02.12  15:23  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,84' S  12°40,36'W  4069,5  
PS79/091-5   03.02.12  15:24  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,85' S  12°40,36'W  4069,5  
PS79/091-6   03.02.12  15:24  HN      an Deck              51°12,85' S  12°40,36'W  4069,5  
PS79/091-5   03.02.12  15:43  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,96' S  12°40,40'W  4075,6  
PS79/091-7   03.02.12  15:50  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°12,99' S  12°40,44'W  4075,6  
PS79/091-7   03.02.12  16:20  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,09' S  12°40,43'W  4078,3  
PS79/091-7   03.02.12  16:40  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°13,17' S  12°40,54'W  4079,5  
PS79/091-7   03.02.12  16:57  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°13,21' S  12°40,67'W  4075,3  
PS79/091-8   03.02.12  17:06  MSS     zu Wasser            51°13,22' S  12°40,79'W  4063  
PS79/091-8   03.02.12  17:15  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,20' S  12°40,89'W  4035,7  
PS79/091-8   03.02.12  18:10  MSS     an Deck              51°13,07' S  12°41,90'W  4066  
PS79/091-9   03.02.12  18:47  MN      zu Wasser            51°11,87' S  12°39,61'W  3883,6  
PS79/091-9   03.02.12  19:36  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,98' S  12°40,00'W  3974,3  
PS79/091-9   03.02.12  19:38  MN      Hieven               51°11,99' S  12°40,03'W  3970,8  
PS79/091-9   03.02.12  19:59  MN      an Deck              51°11,98' S  12°40,04'W  3986,9  
PS79/091-10  03.02.12  20:23  ISP     zu Wasser            51°11,95' S  12°40,03'W  3920,5  
PS79/091-10  03.02.12  20:50  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,94' S  12°40,04'W  3956,2  
PS79/091-10  03.02.12  23:01  ISP     Hieven               51°12,05' S  12°40,01'W  4014,2  
PS79/091-10  03.02.12  23:17  ISP     an Deck              51°12,06' S  12°39,97'W  4025,3  
PS79/091-11  03.02.12  23:24  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°12,05' S  12°40,00'W  3996,1  
PS79/091-11  03.02.12  23:34  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,04' S  12°39,99'W  4024,9  
PS79/091-11  03.02.12  23:35  FRRF    Hieven               51°12,04' S  12°39,99'W  4008,8  
PS79/091-11  03.02.12  23:44  FRRF    an Deck              51°12,07' S  12°40,04'W  4013,4  
PS79/091-12  03.02.12  23:51  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,06' S  12°39,99'W  4012,3  
PS79/091-12  04.02.12  00:57  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,22' S  12°40,01'W  4033,4  
PS79/091-12  04.02.12  00:57  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,22' S  12°40,01'W  4033,4  
PS79/091-12  04.02.12  01:57  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,46' S  12°40,14'W  4047,6  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  02:18  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,77' S  12°40,68'W  4072,6  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  02:34  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°13,29' S  12°41,61'W  4041,9  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  02:34  RMT     Hieven               51°13,29' S  12°41,61'W  4041,9  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  02:56  RMT     Profil Ende          51°13,99' S  12°42,86'W  4132,5  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  02:57  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°14,02' S  12°42,91'W  4133,2  
PS79/091-13  04.02.12  03:00  RMT     an Deck              51°14,11' S  12°43,07'W  4135,5  
PS79/092-1   04.02.12  04:47  CTD     zu Wasser            51°0,01' S   12°40,06'W  3924  
PS79/092-1   04.02.12  06:13  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,15' S   12°39,13'W  3880,9  
PS79/092-1   04.02.12  06:14  CTD     Hieven               51°0,15' S   12°39,12'W  3880,2  
PS79/092-1   04.02.12  07:36  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°0,19' S   12°38,28'W  3844,9  
PS79/092-1   04.02.12  07:37  CTD     an Deck              51°0,19' S   12°38,26'W  3844,1  
PS79/092-2   04.02.12  07:42  MSS     zu Wasser            51°0,20' S   12°38,22'W  3841,8  
PS79/092-2   04.02.12  08:48  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,86' S   12°38,66'W  3663,2  
PS79/092-2   04.02.12  08:48  MSS     an Deck              51°0,86' S   12°38,66'W  3663,2  
PS79/093-1   04.02.12  10:12  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,92' S  12°39,88'W  3580,3  
PS79/093-1   04.02.12  11:29  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,03' S  12°39,97'W  3605,1  
PS79/093-1   04.02.12  11:31  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,03' S  12°39,98'W  3606,4  
PS79/093-2   04.02.12  11:46  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,03' S  12°39,99'W  3605,9  
PS79/093-2   04.02.12  11:51  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,01' S  12°39,97'W  3604,9  
PS79/093-1   04.02.12  12:54  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°47,92' S  12°39,72'W  3574,1  
PS79/093-3   04.02.12  13:03  MSS     zu Wasser            50°47,88' S  12°39,63'W  3566,1  
PS79/093-3   04.02.12  13:22  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,09' S  12°39,88'W  3609,2  
PS79/093-3   04.02.12  14:08  MSS     an Deck              50°48,51' S  12°40,21'W  3627,4  
PS79/093-4   04.02.12  14:20  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°48,50' S  12°40,17'W  3627,6  
PS79/093-5   04.02.12  14:42  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,51' S  12°40,09'W  3628,6  
PS79/093-5   04.02.12  14:46  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,51' S  12°40,08'W  3629,1  
PS79/093-5   04.02.12  14:49  HN      an Deck              50°48,51' S  12°40,07'W  3629,4  
PS79/093-4   04.02.12  14:56  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,54' S  12°40,07'W  3630,8  
PS79/093-4   04.02.12  14:57  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,55' S  12°40,07'W  3630,5  
PS79/093-4   04.02.12  15:33  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,80' S  12°40,13'W  3639,6  
PS79/094-1   04.02.12  17:55  ADCP    Profil Anfang        50°59,85' S  12°0,63'W   3668,6  
PS79/094-1   05.02.12  05:49  ADCP    Profil Ende          51°12,11' S  11°59,78'W  4205  
PS79/095-1   05.02.12  06:00  CTD     zu Wasser            51°11,90' S  12°0,08'W   4199,2  
PS79/095-1   05.02.12  07:28  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,54' S  11°59,85'W  4211,9  
PS79/095-1   05.02.12  07:29  CTD     Hieven               51°11,54' S  11°59,84'W  4212,1  
PS79/095-1   05.02.12  08:50  CTD     an Deck              51°11,53' S  11°59,90'W  4199,9  
PS79/095-2   05.02.12  08:59  MSS     zu Wasser            51°11,52' S  11°59,93'W  4200,1  
PS79/095-2   05.02.12  10:05  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,26' S  12°1,24'W   4167  
PS79/095-2   05.02.12  10:06  MSS     an Deck              51°11,26' S  12°1,25'W   4167,7  
PS79/095-3   05.02.12  10:39  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,45' S  11°59,83'W  4201,6  
PS79/095-4   05.02.12  10:47  HN      zu Wasser            51°11,49' S  11°59,83'W  4212,6  
PS79/095-3   05.02.12  11:00  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,46' S  11°59,87'W  4200,4  
PS79/095-4   05.02.12  11:01  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,46' S  11°59,87'W  4200,7  
PS79/095-4   05.02.12  11:01  HN      an Deck              51°11,46' S  11°59,87'W  4200,7  
PS79/095-3   05.02.12  11:02  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,46' S  11°59,88'W  4200,8  
PS79/095-3   05.02.12  11:19  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,44' S  11°59,83'W  4203,1  
PS79/096-1   05.02.12  13:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,00' S  12°19,83'W  4075,3  
PS79/096-1   05.02.12  14:33  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,05' S  12°20,14'W  4074,1  
PS79/096-1   05.02.12  14:33  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,05' S  12°20,14'W  4074,1  
PS79/096-2   05.02.12  15:42  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,07' S  12°19,84'W  4077,1  
PS79/096-2   05.02.12  15:46  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,07' S  12°19,83'W  4077,2  
PS79/096-2   05.02.12  15:48  HN      an Deck              51°12,08' S  12°19,83'W  4077,1  
PS79/096-1   05.02.12  15:59  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,09' S  12°19,81'W  4078,3  
PS79/096-3   05.02.12  16:08  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,09' S  12°19,83'W  4077,2  
PS79/096-3   05.02.12  16:09  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,09' S  12°19,86'W  4077,2  
PS79/096-3   05.02.12  17:11  MSS     an Deck              51°11,98' S  12°20,52'W  4069,5  
PS79/097-1   05.02.12  18:13  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°10,56' S  12°31,31'W  3958,1  
PS79/097-1   05.02.12  18:14  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°10,56' S  12°31,31'W  0  
PS79/097-1   05.02.12  18:35  TRAPS   Wasserober.flche     51°10,57' S  12°31,21'W  3951,2  
PS79/097-1   05.02.12  18:36  TRAPS   an Deck              51°10,58' S  12°31,21'W  0  
PS79/098-1   05.02.12  19:24  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,97' S  12°39,91'W  0  
PS79/098-1   05.02.12  19:37  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,00' S  12°39,95'W  3976,2  
PS79/098-1   05.02.12  19:46  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,05' S  12°39,97'W  4006,1  
PS79/098-1   05.02.12  19:49  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,07' S  12°39,97'W  0  
PS79/098-1   05.02.12  19:50  TRAPS   an Deck              51°12,08' S  12°39,96'W  0  
PS79/098-2   05.02.12  20:00  TD      zu Wasser            51°12,37' S  12°39,59'W  0  
PS79/098-2   05.02.12  20:02  TD      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,36' S  12°39,62'W  4031,1  
PS79/098-3   05.02.12  20:14  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,36' S  12°39,80'W  0  
PS79/098-3   05.02.12  21:43  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,30' S  12°39,72'W  4031,1  
PS79/098-3   05.02.12  23:03  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,31' S  12°39,77'W  4033,4  
PS79/098-4   05.02.12  23:10  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°12,31' S  12°39,78'W  4034,6  
PS79/098-4   05.02.12  23:28  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,34' S  12°39,77'W  4035,7  
PS79/098-4   05.02.12  23:35  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°12,34' S  12°39,76'W  4034,9  
PS79/098-4   05.02.12  23:52  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°12,37' S  12°39,81'W  4034,6  
PS79/098-5   05.02.12  23:58  BONGO   zu Wasser            51°12,38' S  12°39,80'W  4039,2  
PS79/098-5   06.02.12  00:09  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,34' S  12°39,78'W  4034,6  
PS79/098-5   06.02.12  00:09  BONGO   Hieven               51°12,34' S  12°39,78'W  4034,6  
PS79/098-5   06.02.12  00:14  BONGO   an Deck              51°12,32' S  12°39,77'W  4040,7  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  00:33  RMT     zu Wasser            51°11,92' S  12°39,88'W  3905,2  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  00:50  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°11,20' S  12°40,26'W  3823,7  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  00:50  RMT     Hieven               51°11,20' S  12°40,26'W  3823,7  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  01:15  RMT     Profil Ende          51°10,22' S  12°40,81'W  3661,2  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  01:16  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°10,17' S  12°40,84'W  3652,2  
PS79/098-6   06.02.12  01:19  RMT     an Deck              51°10,05' S  12°40,91'W  3652,5  
PS79/098-7   06.02.12  01:50  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,07' S  12°39,95'W  4011,5  
PS79/098-7   06.02.12  02:08  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,16' S  12°39,81'W  4046  
PS79/098-7   06.02.12  02:09  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,17' S  12°39,80'W  4044,2  
PS79/098-7   06.02.12  02:27  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,18' S  12°39,82'W  4049,7  
PS79/098-8   06.02.12  02:33  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,18' S  12°39,80'W  4046,7  
PS79/098-8   06.02.12  02:52  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,05' S  12°39,66'W  4024,2  
PS79/098-8   06.02.12  03:45  MSS     an Deck              51°11,85' S  12°39,36'W  3815,7  
PS79/098-9   06.02.12  04:03  CTD     zu Wasser            51°12,00' S  12°39,51'W  3983,7  
PS79/098-9   06.02.12  05:08  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,23' S  12°40,01'W  4037,7  
PS79/098-9   06.02.12  05:09  CTD     Hieven               51°12,23' S  12°40,01'W  4040,7  
PS79/098-9   06.02.12  06:10  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°12,33' S  12°39,65'W  4034  
PS79/098-9   06.02.12  06:11  CTD     an Deck              51°12,33' S  12°39,64'W  4036,5  
PS79/098-10  06.02.12  06:22  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,33' S  12°39,66'W  4036,2  
PS79/098-10  06.02.12  07:14  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,47' S  12°39,79'W  4048,5  
PS79/098-10  06.02.12  07:14  MN      Hieven               51°12,47' S  12°39,79'W  4048,5  
PS79/098-10  06.02.12  07:40  MN      Wasserober.flche     51°12,53' S  12°39,85'W  4048,5  
PS79/098-10  06.02.12  07:45  MN      an Deck              51°12,55' S  12°39,84'W  4044,7  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  08:01  PUMP    zu Wasser            51°12,34' S  12°39,94'W  4045  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  08:07  PUMP    an Deck              51°12,33' S  12°39,95'W  4041,2  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  08:11  PUMP    zu Wasser            51°12,28' S  12°39,98'W  4044  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  08:25  PUMP    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,24' S  12°39,94'W  4049  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  13:04  PUMP    Hieven               51°11,33' S  12°40,26'W  3829  
PS79/098-11  06.02.12  13:10  PUMP    an Deck              51°11,28' S  12°40,39'W  3844,2  
PS79/099-1   06.02.12  13:43  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,35' S  12°36,67'W  4030,5  
PS79/099-1   06.02.12  13:45  TRAPS   Aktion               51°13,37' S  12°36,65'W  4030,7  
PS79/099-1   06.02.12  14:18  TRAPS   an Deck              51°13,48' S  12°36,56'W  4027,7  
PS79/100-1   06.02.12  14:50  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,12' S  12°40,04'W  4040,2  
PS79/100-1   06.02.12  15:03  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,24' S  12°40,05'W  4044  
PS79/100-1   06.02.12  15:12  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,28' S  12°39,99'W  4043,2  
PS79/101-1   06.02.12  16:30  CTD     zu Wasser            51°23,92' S  12°40,00'W  3919  
PS79/101-1   06.02.12  17:57  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°24,43' S  12°39,16'W  4133,2  
PS79/101-2   06.02.12  18:35  HN      zu Wasser            51°24,61' S  12°38,68'W  4149,5  
PS79/101-2   06.02.12  18:38  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°24,63' S  12°38,64'W  4129  
PS79/101-2   06.02.12  18:42  HN      an Deck              51°24,64' S  12°38,57'W  4125,5  
PS79/101-1   06.02.12  19:11  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°24,72' S  12°38,08'W  4121,7  
PS79/101-1   06.02.12  19:12  CTD     an Deck              51°24,72' S  12°38,06'W  4122,5  
PS79/101-3   06.02.12  19:18  MSS     zu Wasser            51°24,76' S  12°37,97'W  4125,2  
PS79/101-3   06.02.12  20:23  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°26,00' S  12°37,30'W  4065,2  
PS79/101-3   06.02.12  20:23  MSS     an Deck              51°26,00' S  12°37,30'W  4065,2  
PS79/102-1   06.02.12  21:33  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°35,78' S  12°39,97'W  3786  
PS79/102-1   06.02.12  22:52  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,10' S  12°39,18'W  3796,7  
PS79/102-1   06.02.12  22:54  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°36,11' S  12°39,16'W  3796,7  
PS79/102-1   07.02.12  00:11  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°36,43' S  12°38,48'W  3813,5  
PS79/102-2   07.02.12  00:22  MSS     zu Wasser            51°36,55' S  12°38,51'W  3810,5  
PS79/102-2   07.02.12  00:44  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,83' S  12°38,64'W  3800,7  
PS79/102-2   07.02.12  01:30  MSS     an Deck              51°37,43' S  12°38,91'W  3807  
PS79/102-3   07.02.12  02:02  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°36,04' S  12°39,92'W  3788,2  
PS79/102-3   07.02.12  02:18  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,10' S  12°39,84'W  3788,7  
PS79/102-3   07.02.12  02:19  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°36,10' S  12°39,84'W  3788,7  
PS79/102-3   07.02.12  02:36  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°36,21' S  12°39,90'W  3788,7  
PS79/103-1   07.02.12  04:25  CTD     zu Wasser            51°36,08' S  12°59,87'W  3824,2  
PS79/103-1   07.02.12  04:41  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,20' S  12°59,83'W  3825  
PS79/103-1   07.02.12  04:42  CTD     Hieven               51°36,20' S  12°59,83'W  3824,7  
PS79/103-1   07.02.12  04:57  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°36,30' S  12°59,81'W  3826  
PS79/103-1   07.02.12  04:59  CTD     an Deck              51°36,31' S  12°59,81'W  3826  
PS79/104-1   07.02.12  06:41  CTD     zu Wasser            51°36,02' S  13°19,98'W  3909,4  
PS79/104-1   07.02.12  08:05  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,46' S  13°19,76'W  3969,3  
PS79/104-1   07.02.12  08:06  CTD     Hieven               51°36,46' S  13°19,76'W  3971,6  
PS79/104-1   07.02.12  09:29  CTD     an Deck              51°36,42' S  13°19,13'W  4178,2  
PS79/104-2   07.02.12  09:33  MSS     zu Wasser            51°36,40' S  13°19,15'W  4175,1  
PS79/104-2   07.02.12  10:42  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°35,85' S  13°19,83'W  3937  
PS79/104-2   07.02.12  10:43  MSS     an Deck              51°35,85' S  13°19,85'W  3884  
PS79/105-1   07.02.12  12:10  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°24,00' S  13°19,92'W  4150,5  
PS79/105-1   07.02.12  12:27  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°23,98' S  13°19,85'W  4154  
PS79/105-1   07.02.12  12:27  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°23,98' S  13°19,85'W  4154  
PS79/105-1   07.02.12  12:43  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°24,00' S  13°19,75'W  4156,2  
PS79/106-1   07.02.12  14:42  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,05' S  13°19,89'W  3478  
PS79/106-1   07.02.12  15:56  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,95' S  13°19,89'W  3495,5  
PS79/106-1   07.02.12  15:56  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,95' S  13°19,89'W  3495,5  
PS79/106-2   07.02.12  16:46  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,02' S  13°19,62'W  3419  
PS79/106-2   07.02.12  16:48  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,02' S  13°19,61'W  3415,7  
PS79/106-2   07.02.12  16:51  HN      an Deck              51°12,04' S  13°19,58'W  3415,5  
PS79/106-1   07.02.12  17:08  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°12,15' S  13°19,38'W  3430,5  
PS79/106-1   07.02.12  17:09  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,15' S  13°19,37'W  3420,5  
PS79/106-3   07.02.12  17:20  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,01' S  13°19,46'W  3418,2  
PS79/106-3   07.02.12  18:31  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,07' S  13°19,05'W  3442,5  
PS79/106-3   07.02.12  18:32  MSS     an Deck              51°11,05' S  13°19,04'W  3430,7  
PS79/106-4   07.02.12  18:50  CTD     zu Wasser            51°10,95' S  13°18,84'W  3398,7  
PS79/106-4   07.02.12  19:12  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,23' S  13°18,82'W  3419,7  
PS79/106-4   07.02.12  19:13  CTD     Hieven               51°11,23' S  13°18,82'W  3419,2  
PS79/106-4   07.02.12  19:29  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°11,19' S  13°18,51'W  3439,7  
PS79/106-4   07.02.12  19:30  CTD     an Deck              51°11,20' S  13°18,47'W  3444  
PS79/107-1   07.02.12  21:08  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°0,12' S   13°19,78'W  4067  
PS79/107-1   07.02.12  21:28  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,16' S   13°19,70'W  4063,5  
PS79/107-1   07.02.12  21:29  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°0,16' S   13°19,72'W  4064  
PS79/107-1   07.02.12  21:47  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°0,18' S   13°19,75'W  4060,3  
PS79/108-1   07.02.12  23:22  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,89' S  13°19,84'W  3703,5  
PS79/108-2   08.02.12  00:13  HN      zu Wasser            50°47,96' S  13°19,74'W  3855  
PS79/108-2   08.02.12  00:15  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,95' S  13°19,72'W  3705,5  
PS79/108-2   08.02.12  00:17  HN      an Deck              50°47,94' S  13°19,70'W  3705,5  
PS79/108-1   08.02.12  00:46  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,90' S  13°19,74'W  3707,2  
PS79/108-1   08.02.12  00:47  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°47,90' S  13°19,76'W  3704,2  
PS79/108-1   08.02.12  01:58  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,05' S  13°19,97'W  3710,2  
PS79/109-1   08.02.12  03:43  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,99' S  12°59,93'W  3731  
PS79/109-1   08.02.12  03:59  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,99' S  13°0,01'W   3729,7  
PS79/109-1   08.02.12  04:15  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°48,04' S  12°59,97'W  3730,7  
PS79/109-1   08.02.12  04:16  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,04' S  12°59,95'W  3732  
PS79/110-1   08.02.12  06:00  CTD     zu Wasser            50°59,94' S  12°59,88'W  4032,7  
PS79/110-1   08.02.12  06:16  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,11' S   12°59,69'W  4043  
PS79/110-1   08.02.12  06:18  CTD     Hieven               51°0,13' S   12°59,64'W  4041,2  
PS79/110-1   08.02.12  06:35  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°0,30' S   12°59,63'W  4053,2  
PS79/110-1   08.02.12  06:36  CTD     an Deck              51°0,30' S   12°59,64'W  4053,5  
PS79/111-1   08.02.12  08:06  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,85' S  12°59,96'W  3861,2  
PS79/111-1   08.02.12  09:30  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,13' S  12°59,85'W  3883,7  
PS79/111-1   08.02.12  09:31  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,14' S  12°59,85'W  3884  
PS79/111-2   08.02.12  10:13  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,07' S  12°59,88'W  3877  
PS79/111-2   08.02.12  10:19  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,06' S  12°59,91'W  3876,2  
PS79/111-2   08.02.12  10:19  HN      an Deck              51°12,06' S  12°59,91'W  3876,2  
PS79/111-1   08.02.12  10:52  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,92' S  12°59,86'W  3870  
PS79/111-3   08.02.12  11:07  MSS     zu Wasser            51°11,89' S  12°59,98'W  3864,7  
PS79/111-3   08.02.12  12:19  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,84' S  13°0,20'W   3849  
PS79/111-3   08.02.12  12:19  MSS     an Deck              51°11,84' S  13°0,20'W   3849  
PS79/112-1   08.02.12  14:06  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°24,03' S  12°59,70'W  3599,1  
PS79/112-1   08.02.12  14:26  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°23,98' S  12°59,71'W  3606  
PS79/112-1   08.02.12  14:26  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°23,98' S  12°59,71'W  3606  
PS79/112-1   08.02.12  14:48  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°23,91' S  12°59,85'W  3609,2  
PS79/113-1   08.02.12  17:26  TRAPS   Aktion               51°12,67' S  12°30,01'W  3681,3  
PS79/113-1   08.02.12  17:27  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,67' S  12°29,98'W  4045,7  
PS79/113-1   08.02.12  17:33  TRAPS   an Deck              51°12,68' S  12°29,87'W  4043,4  
PS79/113-1   08.02.12  17:47  TRAPS   an Deck              51°12,80' S  12°29,88'W  4042,6  
PS79/114-1   08.02.12  18:59  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,16' S  12°39,31'W  3910,1  
PS79/114-1   08.02.12  19:09  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,21' S  12°39,29'W  3927,8  
PS79/114-1   08.02.12  19:18  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,25' S  12°39,22'W  3857,9  
PS79/114-1   08.02.12  19:19  TRAPS   an Deck              51°12,26' S  12°39,22'W  3896,3  
PS79/114-2   08.02.12  19:37  CTD     zu Wasser            51°11,96' S  12°40,09'W  0  
PS79/114-2   08.02.12  21:08  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,22' S  12°40,04'W  0  
PS79/114-2   08.02.12  21:09  CTD     Hieven               51°12,22' S  12°40,03'W  0  
PS79/114-3   08.02.12  22:02  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,27' S  12°40,05'W  4036,5  
PS79/114-3   08.02.12  22:09  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,28' S  12°39,99'W  0  
PS79/114-3   08.02.12  22:09  HN      an Deck              51°12,28' S  12°39,99'W  0  
PS79/114-2   08.02.12  22:33  CTD     an Deck              51°12,27' S  12°39,98'W  0  
PS79/114-4   08.02.12  22:44  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,28' S  12°40,05'W  3979,6  
PS79/114-4   08.02.12  23:43  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,42' S  12°40,17'W  4047,2  
PS79/114-4   08.02.12  23:43  MN      Hieven               51°12,42' S  12°40,17'W  4047,2  
PS79/114-4   09.02.12  00:18  MN      an Deck              51°12,40' S  12°40,00'W  4039,2  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  00:34  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,15' S  12°40,48'W  3988,9  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  00:52  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°11,74' S  12°41,43'W  4027,3  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  00:53  RMT     Hieven               51°11,71' S  12°41,49'W  0  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  01:17  RMT     Profil Ende          51°11,15' S  12°42,68'W  3783  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  01:19  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°11,10' S  12°42,76'W  3876,7  
PS79/114-5   09.02.12  01:22  RMT     an Deck              51°11,03' S  12°42,90'W  3862,5  
PS79/114-6   09.02.12  02:09  BONGO   zu Wasser            51°11,97' S  12°39,80'W  4000,5  
PS79/114-6   09.02.12  02:18  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,94' S  12°39,74'W  3918,7  
PS79/114-6   09.02.12  02:19  BONGO   Hieven               51°11,93' S  12°39,74'W  3938  
PS79/114-6   09.02.12  02:25  BONGO   an Deck              51°11,92' S  12°39,72'W  3907,7  
PS79/114-7   09.02.12  02:34  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,94' S  12°39,70'W  3933,5  
PS79/114-7   09.02.12  03:39  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,95' S  12°39,81'W  3938,5  
PS79/114-7   09.02.12  03:40  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,95' S  12°39,80'W  3983,5  
PS79/114-7   09.02.12  04:42  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°11,86' S  12°40,19'W  3943,7  
PS79/114-7   09.02.12  04:43  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,86' S  12°40,20'W  3947  
PS79/114-8   09.02.12  04:47  MSS     zu Wasser            51°11,83' S  12°40,28'W  3938,2  
PS79/114-8   09.02.12  04:48  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,82' S  12°40,30'W  3897,2  
PS79/114-8   09.02.12  05:58  MSS     an Deck              51°10,79' S  12°41,48'W  3937,5  
PS79/114-9   09.02.12  06:28  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°12,08' S  12°39,79'W  4041,2  
PS79/114-9   09.02.12  06:49  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,02' S  12°39,71'W  4044,2  
PS79/114-9   09.02.12  06:55  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°11,99' S  12°39,69'W  4033,7  
PS79/114-9   09.02.12  07:12  GO-FLO  Aktion               51°11,98' S  12°39,75'W  3983,2  
PS79/114-9   09.02.12  07:13  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°11,98' S  12°39,76'W  4007,2  
PS79/114-10  09.02.12  07:20  RAMSES  zu Wasser            51°11,99' S  12°39,78'W  4023,5  
PS79/114-10  09.02.12  07:36  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,99' S  12°39,84'W  3999,2  
PS79/114-10  09.02.12  07:36  RAMSES  Hieven               51°11,99' S  12°39,84'W  3999,2  
PS79/114-10  09.02.12  07:53  RAMSES  Wasserober.flche     51°11,99' S  12°40,03'W  4026,5  
PS79/114-10  09.02.12  07:54  RAMSES  an Deck              51°12,00' S  12°40,03'W  3977,2  
PS79/114-11  09.02.12  08:08  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,02' S  12°40,05'W  4032,2  
PS79/114-12  09.02.12  08:11  BUCKET  zu Wasser            51°12,03' S  12°40,05'W  4024  
PS79/114-12  09.02.12  08:17  BUCKET  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,06' S  12°40,01'W  4019,2  
PS79/114-12  09.02.12  08:18  BUCKET  an Deck              51°12,06' S  12°40,00'W  4020,5  
PS79/114-11  09.02.12  08:26  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,09' S  12°39,95'W  4011,2  
PS79/114-11  09.02.12  08:27  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,09' S  12°39,96'W  4017,5  
PS79/114-11  09.02.12  08:46  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,12' S  12°40,03'W  4026,2  
PS79/115-1   09.02.12  10:47  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°59,92' S  12°39,86'W  3917  
PS79/115-1   09.02.12  12:10  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,10' S   12°39,91'W  3929,2  
PS79/115-1   09.02.12  12:10  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°0,10' S   12°39,91'W  3929,2  
PS79/115-2   09.02.12  13:01  HN      zu Wasser            50°59,96' S  12°39,83'W  3916,5  
PS79/115-2   09.02.12  13:02  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,96' S  12°39,83'W  3919  
PS79/115-2   09.02.12  13:03  HN      an Deck              50°59,96' S  12°39,83'W  3926,2  
PS79/115-1   09.02.12  13:27  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°59,97' S  12°39,75'W  3914  
PS79/115-3   09.02.12  13:38  MSS     zu Wasser            50°59,88' S  12°39,68'W  3912,5  
PS79/115-3   09.02.12  14:02  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,77' S  12°39,71'W  3913,2  
PS79/115-3   09.02.12  14:51  MSS     an Deck              50°59,39' S  12°39,92'W  3922,7  
PS79/115-4   09.02.12  15:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°59,61' S  12°39,99'W  3922,7  
PS79/115-4   09.02.12  15:30  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,44' S  12°39,90'W  3921,7  
PS79/115-4   09.02.12  15:30  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°59,44' S  12°39,90'W  3921,7  
PS79/115-4   09.02.12  15:48  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°59,44' S  12°39,85'W  3921,7  
PS79/116-1   09.02.12  17:57  CTD     zu Wasser            50°47,94' S  12°39,69'W  3594,2  
PS79/116-1   09.02.12  19:19  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,63' S  12°39,09'W  3565,2  
PS79/116-1   09.02.12  19:20  CTD     Hieven               50°47,62' S  12°39,09'W  3567,7  
PS79/116-2   09.02.12  19:59  HN      zu Wasser            50°47,37' S  12°38,81'W  3543,7  
PS79/116-2   09.02.12  20:06  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,28' S  12°38,73'W  3538,2  
PS79/116-2   09.02.12  20:07  HN      an Deck              50°47,28' S  12°38,71'W  3537,7  
PS79/116-1   09.02.12  20:27  CTD     an Deck              50°47,12' S  12°38,56'W  3523,7  
PS79/116-3   09.02.12  20:35  MSS     zu Wasser            50°47,02' S  12°38,57'W  3517,2  
PS79/116-3   09.02.12  21:50  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°45,83' S  12°40,17'W  3111,5  
PS79/116-3   09.02.12  21:50  MSS     an Deck              50°45,83' S  12°40,17'W  3111,5  
PS79/117-1   09.02.12  23:31  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,99' S  12°19,97'W  3721,2  
PS79/117-1   09.02.12  23:49  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,06' S  12°20,04'W  3714,5  
PS79/117-1   09.02.12  23:50  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,07' S  12°20,04'W  3714,7  
PS79/117-1   10.02.12  00:10  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,09' S  12°20,03'W  3729,7  
PS79/118-1   10.02.12  01:59  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°0,02' S   12°19,92'W  3575,7  
PS79/118-1   10.02.12  02:18  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,11' S   12°19,96'W  3400,2  
PS79/118-1   10.02.12  02:18  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°0,11' S   12°19,96'W  3400,2  
PS79/118-1   10.02.12  02:38  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°0,20' S   12°20,05'W  3345,5  
PS79/119-1   10.02.12  04:31  CTD     zu Wasser            51°12,14' S  12°20,05'W  4076  
PS79/119-1   10.02.12  05:54  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,43' S  12°19,79'W  4084,9  
PS79/119-1   10.02.12  05:54  CTD     Hieven               51°12,43' S  12°19,79'W  4084,9  
PS79/119-1   10.02.12  07:12  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°12,51' S  12°19,82'W  4085,2  
PS79/119-1   10.02.12  07:13  CTD     an Deck              51°12,51' S  12°19,82'W  4085,5  
PS79/119-2   10.02.12  07:20  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,52' S  12°19,89'W  4085,8  
PS79/119-2   10.02.12  08:29  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,95' S  12°21,34'W  4070,6  
PS79/119-2   10.02.12  08:30  MSS     an Deck              51°12,95' S  12°21,37'W  4069,5  
PS79/119-3   10.02.12  08:50  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,94' S  12°20,00'W  4073,7  
PS79/119-3   10.02.12  09:10  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,09' S  12°19,84'W  4077,6  
PS79/119-3   10.02.12  09:11  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,10' S  12°19,84'W  4078,3  
PS79/119-3   10.02.12  09:30  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,29' S  12°19,74'W  4081,8  
PS79/120-1   10.02.12  11:14  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°24,09' S  12°19,97'W  3737,3  
PS79/120-1   10.02.12  11:30  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°24,07' S  12°19,82'W  3741,9  
PS79/120-1   10.02.12  11:31  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°24,06' S  12°19,81'W  3742,8  
PS79/120-1   10.02.12  11:48  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°24,04' S  12°19,90'W  3739,2  
PS79/121-1   10.02.12  13:38  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°35,97' S  12°19,84'W  3820,5  
PS79/121-1   10.02.12  13:59  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°35,95' S  12°19,85'W  3820,2  
PS79/121-1   10.02.12  13:59  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°35,95' S  12°19,85'W  3820,2  
PS79/121-1   10.02.12  14:17  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°35,94' S  12°19,82'W  3820,7  
PS79/122-1   10.02.12  16:04  BUOY    zu Wasser            51°35,95' S  11°58,58'W  3774,2  
PS79/122-1   10.02.12  16:04  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°35,95' S  11°58,58'W  3774,2  
PS79/122-2   10.02.12  16:17  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°35,88' S  11°59,76'W  3778  
PS79/122-2   10.02.12  17:34  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°35,89' S  12°0,22'W   0  
PS79/122-2   10.02.12  17:35  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°35,89' S  12°0,22'W   3730,8  
PS79/122-3   10.02.12  18:22  HN      zu Wasser            51°36,18' S  12°0,28'W   0  
PS79/122-3   10.02.12  18:23  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,19' S  12°0,27'W   0  
PS79/122-3   10.02.12  18:24  HN      an Deck              51°36,21' S  12°0,27'W   0  
PS79/122-2   10.02.12  18:47  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°36,35' S  12°0,50'W   0  
PS79/122-2   10.02.12  18:47  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°36,35' S  12°0,50'W   0  
PS79/122-4   10.02.12  18:54  MSS     zu Wasser            51°36,35' S  12°0,68'W   3754,2  
PS79/122-4   10.02.12  20:07  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°36,36' S  12°2,58'W   3687,3  
PS79/122-4   10.02.12  20:07  MSS     an Deck              51°36,36' S  12°2,58'W   3687,3  
PS79/122-5   10.02.12  20:55  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°37,71' S  11°54,35'W  3784,6  
PS79/122-5   10.02.12  20:55  BUOY    an Deck              51°37,71' S  11°54,35'W  3784,6  
PS79/123-1   10.02.12  23:49  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°24,05' S  11°59,95'W  3775,7  
PS79/123-1   11.02.12  00:10  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°24,15' S  11°59,94'W  3772,3  
PS79/123-1   11.02.12  00:10  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°24,15' S  11°59,94'W  3772,3  
PS79/123-1   11.02.12  00:29  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°24,29' S  11°59,71'W  3779,6  
PS79/124-1   11.02.12  02:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,99' S  11°59,88'W  4207  
PS79/124-1   11.02.12  04:15  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,04' S  11°59,97'W  4203,2  
PS79/124-1   11.02.12  04:15  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,04' S  11°59,97'W  4203,2  
PS79/124-1   11.02.12  05:27  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°12,02' S  12°0,41'W   4192,5  
PS79/124-1   11.02.12  05:28  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,02' S  12°0,42'W   4189,2  
PS79/124-2   11.02.12  05:38  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,01' S  12°0,37'W   4190,2  
PS79/124-2   11.02.12  05:39  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,01' S  12°0,37'W   4192,2  
PS79/124-2   11.02.12  06:54  MSS     an Deck              51°11,88' S  12°2,01'W   4142  
PS79/125-1   11.02.12  08:37  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°59,99' S  11°59,98'W  3634,5  
PS79/125-1   11.02.12  08:56  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,07' S   12°0,05'W   3632  
PS79/125-1   11.02.12  08:58  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°0,07' S   12°0,07'W   3632  
PS79/125-1   11.02.12  09:16  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°0,09' S   12°0,05'W   3632,2  
PS79/126-1   11.02.12  11:05  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,99' S  11°59,96'W  3882,5  
PS79/126-1   11.02.12  12:28  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,07' S  11°59,96'W  3885,5  
PS79/126-1   11.02.12  12:28  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,07' S  11°59,96'W  3885,5  
PS79/126-2   11.02.12  13:01  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,14' S  12°0,10'W   3888,2  
PS79/126-2   11.02.12  13:02  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,14' S  12°0,10'W   3889  
PS79/126-2   11.02.12  13:03  HN      an Deck              50°48,14' S  12°0,09'W   3889  
PS79/126-1   11.02.12  13:44  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,11' S  11°59,97'W  3886,7  
PS79/126-3   11.02.12  13:55  MSS     zu Wasser            50°48,10' S  12°0,19'W   3887  
PS79/126-3   11.02.12  14:20  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,10' S  12°0,60'W   3889,2  
PS79/126-3   11.02.12  15:10  MSS     an Deck              50°48,09' S  12°1,26'W   3890,5  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  18:51  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°13,62' S  12°24,94'W  0  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  18:51  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,62' S  12°24,94'W  0  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  18:52  TRAPS   Aktion               51°13,63' S  12°24,92'W  4058,7  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  19:00  TRAPS   Wasserober.flche     51°13,70' S  12°24,84'W  4059,9  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  19:01  TRAPS   an Deck              51°13,70' S  12°24,83'W  4060,3  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  19:05  TRAPS   Hieven               51°13,73' S  12°24,82'W  4058,7  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  19:11  TRAPS   Wasserober.flche     51°13,79' S  12°24,71'W  4319,5  
PS79/127-1   11.02.12  19:12  TRAPS   an Deck              51°13,80' S  12°24,70'W  3845,2  
PS79/127-2   11.02.12  19:54  CTD     zu Wasser            51°13,80' S  12°24,74'W  4061,1  
PS79/127-2   11.02.12  20:21  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,82' S  12°24,76'W  4060,3  
PS79/127-2   11.02.12  20:30  CTD     Hieven               51°13,85' S  12°24,82'W  4055,3  
PS79/127-2   11.02.12  20:48  CTD     an Deck              51°14,05' S  12°24,62'W  0  
PS79/128-1   11.02.12  22:35  BONGO   zu Wasser            51°12,06' S  12°39,86'W  4040,3  
PS79/128-1   11.02.12  22:43  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,05' S  12°39,84'W  4042,2  
PS79/128-1   11.02.12  22:44  BONGO   Hieven               51°12,06' S  12°39,83'W  4042,2  
PS79/128-1   11.02.12  22:50  BONGO   an Deck              51°12,07' S  12°39,86'W  4039,2  
PS79/128-2   11.02.12  22:56  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°12,08' S  12°39,91'W  4043  
PS79/128-2   11.02.12  23:08  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,07' S  12°39,92'W  4007,7  
PS79/128-2   11.02.12  23:08  FRRF    Hieven               51°12,07' S  12°39,92'W  4007,7  
PS79/128-2   11.02.12  23:16  FRRF    an Deck              51°12,05' S  12°40,02'W  4172,8  
PS79/128-3   11.02.12  23:23  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,01' S  12°40,09'W  3988,5  
PS79/128-3   12.02.12  00:16  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,06' S  12°40,11'W  4008,1  
PS79/128-3   12.02.12  00:16  MN      Hieven               51°12,06' S  12°40,11'W  4008,1  
PS79/128-3   12.02.12  00:54  MN      an Deck              51°12,16' S  12°40,04'W  4163,6  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:06  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,08' S  12°40,44'W  3984,6  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:25  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°12,14' S  12°41,81'W  3965,4  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:26  RMT     Hieven               51°12,15' S  12°41,86'W  3910,1  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:50  RMT     Profil Ende          51°12,37' S  12°43,45'W  4067,2  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:51  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°12,39' S  12°43,51'W  4069,1  
PS79/128-4   12.02.12  01:55  RMT     an Deck              51°12,44' S  12°43,76'W  4072,6  
PS79/128-5   12.02.12  02:50  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,01' S  12°39,75'W  3905,5  
PS79/128-5   12.02.12  04:17  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,95' S  12°39,81'W  3994  
PS79/128-5   12.02.12  04:18  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,94' S  12°39,79'W  3980,5  
PS79/128-5   12.02.12  05:37  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°12,07' S  12°38,93'W  3779,7  
PS79/128-5   12.02.12  05:38  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,08' S  12°38,93'W  3784  
PS79/128-6   12.02.12  05:45  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,14' S  12°38,92'W  3789,7  
PS79/128-6   12.02.12  06:00  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,28' S  12°38,96'W  3984,5  
PS79/128-6   12.02.12  06:59  MSS     an Deck              51°13,34' S  12°38,81'W  0  
PS79/128-7   12.02.12  07:27  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,02' S  12°39,61'W  4044  
PS79/128-7   12.02.12  08:30  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,33' S  12°39,30'W  3946  
PS79/128-7   12.02.12  08:31  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,33' S  12°39,27'W  3889,2  
PS79/128-7   12.02.12  09:36  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,27' S  12°39,40'W  4037,2  
PS79/128-8   12.02.12  09:52  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°12,23' S  12°39,51'W  4019  
PS79/128-8   12.02.12  10:14  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,12' S  12°39,30'W  4020,5  
PS79/128-8   12.02.12  10:21  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°12,17' S  12°39,23'W  4001  
PS79/128-8   12.02.12  10:37  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°12,26' S  12°39,13'W  3969,5  
PS79/128-9   12.02.12  10:42  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°12,27' S  12°39,02'W  3977,7  
PS79/128-9   12.02.12  10:57  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,27' S  12°38,75'W  3831,7  
PS79/128-9   12.02.12  10:57  FRRF    Hieven               51°12,27' S  12°38,75'W  3831,7  
PS79/128-9   12.02.12  11:13  FRRF    an Deck              51°12,36' S  12°38,82'W  3934,5  
PS79/128-10  12.02.12  11:26  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,44' S  12°38,89'W  4042,7  
PS79/128-10  12.02.12  11:47  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,43' S  12°38,83'W  4051,7  
PS79/128-10  12.02.12  11:47  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,43' S  12°38,83'W  4051,7  
PS79/128-10  12.02.12  12:09  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,48' S  12°38,89'W  4016  
PS79/128-11  12.02.12  12:20  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,49' S  12°38,90'W  4027  
PS79/128-11  12.02.12  13:28  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,53' S  12°38,65'W  3962,5  
PS79/128-11  12.02.12  13:28  MN      Hieven               51°12,53' S  12°38,65'W  3962,5  
PS79/128-11  12.02.12  13:54  MN      an Deck              51°12,50' S  12°38,43'W  3908,7  
PS79/128-12  12.02.12  14:00  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,51' S  12°38,39'W  3921,7  
PS79/128-12  12.02.12  14:13  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,51' S  12°38,30'W  3924,2  
PS79/128-12  12.02.12  14:23  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°12,49' S  12°38,24'W  3904,7  
PS79/128-12  12.02.12  14:26  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,48' S  12°38,20'W  3903,5  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  14:36  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,69' S  12°38,26'W  3953,7  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  14:55  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°13,10' S  12°39,48'W  4060  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  14:55  RMT     Hieven               51°13,10' S  12°39,48'W  4060  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  15:19  RMT     Profil Ende          51°13,57' S  12°40,95'W  4064,5  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  15:22  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°13,63' S  12°41,14'W  4064,5  
PS79/128-13  12.02.12  15:25  RMT     an Deck              51°13,67' S  12°41,28'W  4062,5  
PS79/128-14  12.02.12  15:56  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,00' S  12°39,93'W  4032  
PS79/128-14  12.02.12  17:20  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,04' S  12°39,50'W  4017  
PS79/128-14  12.02.12  17:21  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,05' S  12°39,50'W  4046,7  
PS79/128-14  12.02.12  18:39  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     51°12,34' S  12°39,39'W  4039,7  
PS79/128-14  12.02.12  18:40  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,35' S  12°39,39'W  4041  
PS79/129-1   12.02.12  22:45  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°35,95' S  13°0,08'W   3534,6  
PS79/129-1   12.02.12  23:21  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°35,76' S  13°0,24'W   3526,5  
PS79/129-1   12.02.12  23:29  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°35,74' S  13°0,31'W   3511,5  
PS79/129-1   13.02.12  00:10  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°35,69' S  13°0,43'W   3501,6  
PS79/130-1   13.02.12  01:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°24,03' S  12°59,93'W  3897  
PS79/130-1   13.02.12  02:18  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°23,81' S  13°0,10'W   3893,2  
PS79/130-1   13.02.12  02:18  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°23,81' S  13°0,10'W   3893,2  
PS79/130-1   13.02.12  02:55  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°23,77' S  13°0,45'W   3889,8  
PS79/131-1   13.02.12  04:29  CTD     zu Wasser            50°12,10' S  13°0,36'W   3545,6  
PS79/131-1   13.02.12  05:03  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°11,90' S  13°0,43'W   3556,5  
PS79/131-1   13.02.12  05:04  CTD     Hieven               50°11,90' S  13°0,44'W   3556,5  
PS79/131-1   13.02.12  05:38  CTD     Wasserober.flche     50°11,83' S  13°0,41'W   3559,5  
PS79/131-1   13.02.12  05:39  CTD     an Deck              50°11,83' S  13°0,40'W   3558,4  
PS79/132-1   13.02.12  07:21  CTD     zu Wasser            50°12,01' S  13°20,04'W  3524,2  
PS79/132-2   13.02.12  07:47  HN      zu Wasser            50°11,91' S  13°20,10'W  3524,8  
PS79/132-2   13.02.12  07:55  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°11,88' S  13°20,09'W  3524,2  
PS79/132-2   13.02.12  07:55  HN      an Deck              50°11,88' S  13°20,09'W  3524,2  
PS79/132-1   13.02.12  07:56  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°11,87' S  13°20,09'W  3523,7  
PS79/132-1   13.02.12  08:34  CTD     an Deck              50°11,75' S  13°20,02'W  3520,7  
PS79/132-3   13.02.12  08:35  FLOAT   zu Wasser            50°11,75' S  13°20,02'W  3520,6  
PS79/132-3   13.02.12  08:41  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°11,75' S  13°20,05'W  3521,6  
PS79/133-1   13.02.12  10:23  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°23,99' S  13°19,97'W  4017,3  
PS79/133-1   13.02.12  11:12  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°23,99' S  13°20,05'W  4020,7  
PS79/133-1   13.02.12  11:13  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°23,98' S  13°20,05'W  4021,1  
PS79/133-1   13.02.12  11:44  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°23,93' S  13°19,90'W  4022,3  
PS79/134-1   13.02.12  13:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°35,91' S  13°20,01'W  3459,7  
PS79/134-1   13.02.12  14:15  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°36,01' S  13°20,03'W  3444,5  
PS79/134-1   13.02.12  14:15  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°36,01' S  13°20,03'W  3444,5  
PS79/134-1   13.02.12  14:49  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°36,09' S  13°19,88'W  3453,6  
PS79/134-2   13.02.12  14:53  FLOAT   zu Wasser            50°36,07' S  13°19,87'W  3470,5  
PS79/134-2   13.02.12  14:54  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°36,06' S  13°19,88'W  3464,3  
PS79/135-1   13.02.12  19:20  TRAPS   Aktion               51°10,97' S  12°29,67'W  4041,1  
PS79/135-1   13.02.12  19:20  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°10,97' S  12°29,67'W  4041,1  
PS79/135-1   13.02.12  19:27  TRAPS   an Deck              51°10,97' S  12°29,65'W  4043  
PS79/135-1   13.02.12  19:37  TRAPS   an Deck              51°10,94' S  12°29,62'W  4044,5  
PS79/136-1   13.02.12  20:46  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,94' S  12°39,93'W  3964,3  
PS79/136-1   13.02.12  21:54  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,97' S  12°39,89'W  3985,4  
PS79/136-1   13.02.12  21:55  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,97' S  12°39,89'W  4021,5  
PS79/136-1   13.02.12  22:57  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,06' S  12°39,95'W  4031,5  
PS79/136-2   13.02.12  23:08  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,04' S  12°40,03'W  0  
PS79/136-2   13.02.12  23:56  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,94' S  12°40,01'W  3976,5  
PS79/136-2   13.02.12  23:59  MN      Hieven               51°11,94' S  12°39,98'W  3999,5  
PS79/136-2   14.02.12  00:20  MN      an Deck              51°11,95' S  12°39,83'W  4017,7  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  00:31  RMT     zu Wasser            51°11,73' S  12°40,37'W  3882,5  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  00:50  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°11,37' S  12°41,41'W  3996,7  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  00:50  RMT     Hieven               51°11,37' S  12°41,41'W  3996,7  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  01:13  RMT     Profil Ende          51°10,87' S  12°42,54'W  3787,5  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  01:15  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°10,82' S  12°42,63'W  3778,5  
PS79/136-3   14.02.12  01:18  RMT     an Deck              51°10,76' S  12°42,72'W  3834,7  
PS79/136-5   14.02.12  05:08  CTD     zu Wasser            51°12,02' S  12°39,96'W  3984  
PS79/136-5   14.02.12  06:29  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,77' S  12°39,31'W  0  
PS79/136-5   14.02.12  06:30  CTD     Hieven               51°11,77' S  12°39,30'W  0  
PS79/136-5   14.02.12  07:45  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°11,88' S  12°39,40'W  3875,2  
PS79/136-5   14.02.12  07:46  CTD     an Deck              51°11,88' S  12°39,40'W  3807,2  
PS79/136-6   14.02.12  07:54  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°11,86' S  12°39,45'W  3906  
PS79/136-6   14.02.12  08:10  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,81' S  12°39,49'W  3852,7  
PS79/136-6   14.02.12  08:16  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°11,78' S  12°39,47'W  3854  
PS79/136-6   14.02.12  08:30  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°11,71' S  12°39,39'W  3821,2  
PS79/136-7   14.02.12  08:41  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°11,61' S  12°39,39'W  3774,7  
PS79/136-7   14.02.12  08:56  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,52' S  12°39,21'W  3806,7  
PS79/136-7   14.02.12  08:58  FRRF    Hieven               51°11,52' S  12°39,21'W  3787,7  
PS79/136-7   14.02.12  09:08  FRRF    an Deck              51°11,52' S  12°39,21'W  3812,5  
PS79/136-8   14.02.12  09:25  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,84' S  12°39,68'W  3880,6  
PS79/136-8   14.02.12  09:45  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,96' S  12°39,54'W  0  
PS79/136-8   14.02.12  10:01  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,99' S  12°39,39'W  4052,2  
PS79/136-9   14.02.12  10:33  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,15' S  12°39,15'W  3898,7  
PS79/136-9   14.02.12  11:47  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,69' S  12°38,65'W  3986,7  
PS79/136-9   14.02.12  11:47  MSS     an Deck              51°12,69' S  12°38,65'W  3986,7  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  11:58  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,87' S  12°38,68'W  0  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  12:16  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°13,48' S  12°39,10'W  4063,5  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  12:16  RMT     Hieven               51°13,48' S  12°39,10'W  4063,5  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  12:39  RMT     Profil Ende          51°14,29' S  12°39,62'W  0  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  12:41  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°14,36' S  12°39,67'W  4081,7  
PS79/136-10  14.02.12  12:43  RMT     an Deck              51°14,43' S  12°39,75'W  4089,7  
PS79/136-11  14.02.12  13:30  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,89' S  12°39,88'W  3994,5  
PS79/136-11  14.02.12  13:41  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,85' S  12°39,75'W  0  
PS79/136-11  14.02.12  13:50  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,81' S  12°39,67'W  3881,2  
PS79/136-11  14.02.12  13:53  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,78' S  12°39,62'W  3872,9  
PS79/137-1   14.02.12  16:47  TRAPS   Aktion               51°0,86' S   12°10,01'W  3133,3  
PS79/137-1   14.02.12  16:50  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°0,86' S   12°9,97'W   3136  
PS79/137-1   14.02.12  17:04  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°0,88' S   12°10,00'W  3140,2  
PS79/137-1   14.02.12  17:13  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,91' S   12°9,87'W   3439,7  
PS79/137-1   14.02.12  17:14  TRAPS   an Deck              51°0,91' S   12°9,87'W   3503,1  
PS79/137-2   14.02.12  17:34  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°0,60' S   12°9,44'W   3170,2  
PS79/137-2   14.02.12  17:48  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,66' S   12°9,41'W   3222,7  
PS79/137-2   14.02.12  17:50  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°0,66' S   12°9,36'W   3215,5  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  18:13  RMT     zu Wasser            51°0,97' S   12°9,46'W   3192,8  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  19:20  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,88' S   12°10,92'W  3371,6  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  19:20  RMT     Hieven               51°2,88' S   12°10,92'W  3371,6  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  21:09  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°5,41' S   12°12,25'W  3545,5  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  21:09  RMT     Profil Ende          51°5,41' S   12°12,25'W  3545,5  
PS79/137-3   14.02.12  21:09  RMT     an Deck              51°5,41' S   12°12,25'W  3545,5  
PS79/137-4   14.02.12  22:05  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°2,19' S   12°10,40'W  3467  
PS79/137-4   14.02.12  23:27  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,19' S   12°10,51'W  3441,2  
PS79/137-4   14.02.12  23:29  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°2,19' S   12°10,53'W  3433  
PS79/137-5   14.02.12  23:53  HN      zu Wasser            51°2,16' S   12°10,54'W  3430,5  
PS79/137-5   15.02.12  00:00  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,16' S   12°10,56'W  3471,8  
PS79/137-5   15.02.12  00:01  HN      an Deck              51°2,16' S   12°10,57'W  3474,7  
PS79/137-4   15.02.12  00:42  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°2,05' S   12°10,44'W  3461,7  
PS79/137-6   15.02.12  00:51  MN      zu Wasser            51°2,01' S   12°10,35'W  3455,1  
PS79/137-6   15.02.12  01:51  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°1,99' S   12°10,34'W  3452,5  
PS79/137-6   15.02.12  01:51  MN      Hieven               51°1,99' S   12°10,34'W  3452,5  
PS79/137-6   15.02.12  02:15  MN      an Deck              51°2,06' S   12°10,32'W  3459,7  
PS79/137-7   15.02.12  02:28  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°2,11' S   12°10,35'W  3463,5  
PS79/137-7   15.02.12  02:44  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,13' S   12°10,40'W  3460  
PS79/137-7   15.02.12  02:45  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°2,14' S   12°10,40'W  3474,4  
PS79/137-7   15.02.12  03:03  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°2,16' S   12°10,48'W  3474,2  
PS79/137-8   15.02.12  03:08  BONGO   zu Wasser            51°2,15' S   12°10,52'W  3472,2  
PS79/137-8   15.02.12  03:17  BONGO   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,15' S   12°10,51'W  3451,5  
PS79/137-8   15.02.12  03:17  BONGO   Hieven               51°2,15' S   12°10,51'W  3451,5  
PS79/137-8   15.02.12  03:25  BONGO   an Deck              51°2,13' S   12°10,55'W  3447,7  
PS79/137-9   15.02.12  03:33  MSS     zu Wasser            51°2,10' S   12°10,67'W  3395,2  
PS79/137-9   15.02.12  03:43  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°2,04' S   12°10,88'W  3283,5  
PS79/137-9   15.02.12  04:50  MSS     an Deck              51°1,74' S   12°12,52'W  3003,7  
PS79/137-10  15.02.12  05:30  CTD     zu Wasser            51°1,34' S   12°9,38'W   3275,2  
PS79/137-10  15.02.12  06:32  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°1,19' S   12°8,90'W   3286,5  
PS79/137-10  15.02.12  06:33  CTD     Hieven               51°1,19' S   12°8,90'W   3301  
PS79/137-10  15.02.12  07:30  CTD     Wasserober.flche     51°1,23' S   12°8,84'W   3322,5  
PS79/137-10  15.02.12  07:31  CTD     an Deck              51°1,23' S   12°8,83'W   3313,7  
PS79/137-11  15.02.12  08:23  TRAPS   an Deck              50°59,93' S  12°7,60'W   3213,7  
PS79/137-11  15.02.12  08:30  TRAPS   an Deck              50°59,93' S  12°7,57'W   3216  
PS79/137-11  15.02.12  08:38  TRAPS   an Deck              50°59,94' S  12°7,52'W   3221,5  
PS79/137-11  15.02.12  08:44  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,96' S  12°7,50'W   3224  
PS79/137-11  15.02.12  08:46  TRAPS   an Deck              50°59,97' S  12°7,48'W   3226,7  
PS79/137-12  15.02.12  09:04  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,99' S  12°8,69'W   3233  
PS79/137-12  15.02.12  09:04  FLOAT   zu Wasser            50°59,99' S  12°8,69'W   3233  
PS79/138-1   15.02.12  12:00  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°6,59' S   12°30,46'W  3412,9  
PS79/138-1   15.02.12  12:01  TRAPS   Aktion               51°6,59' S   12°30,46'W  0  
PS79/138-1   15.02.12  12:16  TRAPS   an Deck              51°6,58' S   12°30,12'W  3208,2  
PS79/138-1   15.02.12  12:26  TRAPS   an Deck              51°6,61' S   12°29,97'W  0  
PS79/138-2   15.02.12  12:38  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°6,58' S   12°29,79'W  3535,4  
PS79/138-2   15.02.12  12:58  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°6,59' S   12°29,59'W  3550,7  
PS79/138-2   15.02.12  12:58  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°6,59' S   12°29,59'W  3550,7  
PS79/138-2   15.02.12  13:16  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°6,62' S   12°29,39'W  0  
PS79/139-1   15.02.12  16:45  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°0,17' S   12°59,77'W  4041,5  
PS79/139-1   15.02.12  16:55  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°0,12' S   12°59,62'W  4037,2  
PS79/139-1   15.02.12  17:02  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°0,08' S   12°59,55'W  4035,3  
PS79/139-1   15.02.12  17:03  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°0,08' S   12°59,53'W  4034,6  
PS79/139-1   15.02.12  17:03  TRAPS   an Deck              51°0,08' S   12°59,53'W  4034,6  
PS79/139-2   15.02.12  17:32  RAMSES  zu Wasser            50°59,88' S  12°58,67'W  4021,5  
PS79/139-2   15.02.12  18:00  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,89' S  12°58,25'W  0  
PS79/139-2   15.02.12  18:16  RAMSES  Wasserober.flche     50°59,94' S  12°58,00'W  0  
PS79/139-2   15.02.12  18:17  RAMSES  an Deck              50°59,94' S  12°57,98'W  4024,1  
PS79/139-3   15.02.12  18:32  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°0,00' S   12°59,29'W  0  
PS79/139-3   15.02.12  18:48  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,93' S  12°59,34'W  0  
PS79/139-3   15.02.12  18:49  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°59,92' S  12°59,34'W  0  
PS79/139-3   15.02.12  19:04  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°59,85' S  12°59,31'W  4024,4  
PS79/139-3   15.02.12  19:05  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°59,85' S  12°59,31'W  0  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:11  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            50°59,82' S  12°59,32'W  4022,3  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:33  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,72' S  12°59,32'W  0  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:39  GO-FLO  Hieven               50°59,70' S  12°59,34'W  4018,4  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:44  GO-FLO  Fieren               50°59,69' S  12°59,33'W  4018,9  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:48  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,67' S  12°59,34'W  0  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  19:51  GO-FLO  Hieven               50°59,65' S  12°59,34'W  4018  
PS79/139-5   15.02.12  19:57  HN      zu Wasser            50°59,62' S  12°59,33'W  0  
PS79/139-5   15.02.12  20:05  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,61' S  12°59,33'W  0  
PS79/139-4   15.02.12  20:05  GO-FLO  an Deck              50°59,61' S  12°59,33'W  0  
PS79/139-5   15.02.12  20:05  HN      an Deck              50°59,61' S  12°59,33'W  0  
PS79/139-6   15.02.12  20:12  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°59,59' S  12°59,34'W  4016,5  
PS79/139-6   15.02.12  21:39  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,44' S  12°59,52'W  0  
PS79/139-6   15.02.12  21:40  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°59,43' S  12°59,51'W  4014,2  
PS79/139-7   15.02.12  21:55  HN      zu Wasser            50°59,38' S  12°59,46'W  0  
PS79/139-7   15.02.12  22:09  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,31' S  12°59,50'W  4011,5  
PS79/139-7   15.02.12  22:09  HN      an Deck              50°59,31' S  12°59,50'W  4011,5  
PS79/139-6   15.02.12  23:00  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°59,15' S  12°59,69'W  4006,1  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:05  RMT     zu Wasser            50°59,11' S  12°59,86'W  4005,4  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:23  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°58,37' S  13°0,89'W   3972,3  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:23  RMT     Hieven               50°58,37' S  13°0,89'W   3972,3  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:23  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°58,37' S  13°0,89'W   3972,3  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:54  RMT     Profil Ende          50°57,30' S  13°2,33'W   3921,3  
PS79/139-8   15.02.12  23:59  RMT     an Deck              50°57,28' S  13°2,25'W   3921,7  
PS79/139-9   16.02.12  00:37  MN      zu Wasser            50°59,97' S  12°59,92'W  4033  
PS79/139-9   16.02.12  01:42  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,87' S  13°0,06'W   4029  
PS79/139-9   16.02.12  01:42  MN      Hieven               50°59,87' S  13°0,06'W   4029  
PS79/139-9   16.02.12  02:08  MN      an Deck              50°59,90' S  13°0,09'W   4030,7  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  02:18  RMT     zu Wasser            50°59,55' S  13°0,51'W   4025,7  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  02:35  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°58,86' S  13°1,32'W   3998,5  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  02:36  RMT     Hieven               50°58,81' S  13°1,37'W   3995,2  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  02:59  RMT     Profil Ende          50°57,99' S  13°2,30'W   3931,2  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  03:01  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°57,93' S  13°2,38'W   3923,7  
PS79/139-10  16.02.12  03:05  RMT     an Deck              50°57,79' S  13°2,55'W   3915,5  
PS79/139-11  16.02.12  03:49  MSS     zu Wasser            50°59,99' S  12°59,88'W  4034,5  
PS79/139-11  16.02.12  03:58  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,82' S  12°59,82'W  4027,5  
PS79/139-11  16.02.12  04:58  MSS     an Deck              50°58,86' S  12°59,54'W  4003,5  
PS79/139-12  16.02.12  05:30  CTD     zu Wasser            51°0,05' S   12°59,74'W  4037  
PS79/139-12  16.02.12  06:32  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,99' S  12°59,95'W  4033,7  
PS79/139-12  16.02.12  06:33  CTD     Hieven               50°59,99' S  12°59,94'W  4034,5  
PS79/139-12  16.02.12  07:28  CTD     Wasserober.flche     50°59,99' S  12°59,98'W  4033,2  
PS79/139-12  16.02.12  07:29  CTD     an Deck              50°59,99' S  12°59,98'W  4034  
PS79/139-13  16.02.12  07:39  ISP     zu Wasser            50°59,99' S  12°59,97'W  4033,2  
PS79/139-13  16.02.12  08:05  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°59,87' S  12°59,95'W  4029,7  
PS79/139-13  16.02.12  10:46  ISP     Hieven               50°59,31' S  12°59,08'W  4012,7  
PS79/139-13  16.02.12  11:09  ISP     an Deck              50°59,06' S  12°58,98'W  4007  
PS79/139-14  16.02.12  11:51  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°56,31' S  12°53,78'W  3866,7  
PS79/139-14  16.02.12  12:05  TRAPS   Aktion               50°56,12' S  12°54,01'W  3854,5  
PS79/139-14  16.02.12  12:15  TRAPS   an Deck              50°56,09' S  12°54,09'W  3854,5  
PS79/139-14  16.02.12  12:26  TRAPS   an Deck              50°56,09' S  12°54,07'W  3855,2  
PS79/140-1   16.02.12  16:38  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,94' S  12°40,43'W  3949,3  
PS79/140-1   16.02.12  16:48  TRAPS   zu Wasser            51°11,92' S  12°40,25'W  3953,5  
PS79/140-1   16.02.12  16:56  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,89' S  12°40,18'W  4032,2  
PS79/140-1   16.02.12  16:58  TRAPS   an Deck              51°11,87' S  12°40,14'W  3903,2  
PS79/140-2   16.02.12  17:11  CTD     zu Wasser            51°12,02' S  12°39,92'W  4042,2  
PS79/140-2   16.02.12  18:38  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,02' S  12°39,57'W  3965,2  
PS79/140-2   16.02.12  18:39  CTD     Hieven               51°12,02' S  12°39,57'W  3960,5  
PS79/140-3   16.02.12  18:42  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,03' S  12°39,55'W  4039,2  
PS79/140-3   16.02.12  18:45  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,04' S  12°39,55'W  4038,5  
PS79/140-3   16.02.12  18:45  HN      an Deck              51°12,04' S  12°39,55'W  4038,5  
PS79/140-2   16.02.12  19:54  CTD     an Deck              51°12,29' S  12°39,40'W  4041,7  
PS79/140-4   16.02.12  20:03  MN      zu Wasser            51°12,34' S  12°39,37'W  4046  
PS79/140-5   16.02.12  20:38  HN      zu Wasser            51°12,40' S  12°39,29'W  4031,7  
PS79/140-5   16.02.12  20:45  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,42' S  12°39,30'W  4040,7  
PS79/140-5   16.02.12  20:45  HN      an Deck              51°12,42' S  12°39,30'W  4040,7  
PS79/140-4   16.02.12  20:51  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,44' S  12°39,28'W  4045,7  
PS79/140-4   16.02.12  20:51  MN      Hieven               51°12,44' S  12°39,28'W  4045,7  
PS79/140-4   16.02.12  21:15  MN      an Deck              51°12,49' S  12°39,22'W  4039,5  
PS79/140-6   16.02.12  21:25  MSS     zu Wasser            51°12,51' S  12°39,18'W  4045,5  
PS79/140-6   16.02.12  22:38  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°13,11' S  12°40,47'W  4080,2  
PS79/140-6   16.02.12  22:39  MSS     an Deck              51°13,12' S  12°40,47'W  4082,2  
PS79/140-7   16.02.12  23:00  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°12,65' S  12°39,96'W  4055,2  
PS79/140-7   17.02.12  00:06  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,70' S  12°39,89'W  4055  
PS79/140-7   17.02.12  00:07  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°12,70' S  12°39,89'W  4054,2  
PS79/140-7   17.02.12  01:11  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°12,74' S  12°39,87'W  4062  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  01:18  RMT     zu Wasser            51°12,68' S  12°39,90'W  4051,8  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  01:36  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°12,35' S  12°41,02'W  4080,7  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  01:37  RMT     Hieven               51°12,33' S  12°41,09'W  4077,7  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  02:00  RMT     Profil Ende          51°11,89' S  12°42,60'W  3905,7  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  02:01  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°11,87' S  12°42,67'W  3937,7  
PS79/140-8   17.02.12  02:05  RMT     an Deck              51°11,81' S  12°42,91'W  3947,5  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  02:13  RMT     zu Wasser            51°11,68' S  12°43,13'W  3966,5  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  03:34  RMT     Profil Anfang        51°10,04' S  12°48,00'W  3254  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  03:34  RMT     Hieven               51°10,04' S  12°48,00'W  3254  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  05:43  RMT     Profil Ende          51°7,33' S   12°53,12'W  3603,2  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  05:44  RMT     Wasserober.flche     51°7,31' S   12°53,17'W  3623  
PS79/140-9   17.02.12  05:46  RMT     an Deck              51°7,27' S   12°53,27'W  3677,2  
PS79/140-10  17.02.12  07:10  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            51°12,04' S  12°39,70'W  4025,5  
PS79/140-10  17.02.12  07:29  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,93' S  12°39,55'W  3903  
PS79/140-10  17.02.12  07:36  GO-FLO  Hieven               51°11,92' S  12°39,49'W  3915,5  
PS79/140-10  17.02.12  07:50  GO-FLO  an Deck              51°11,85' S  12°39,44'W  3881  
PS79/140-11  17.02.12  08:01  FRRF    zu Wasser            51°11,76' S  12°39,60'W  3873,2  
PS79/140-11  17.02.12  08:24  FRRF    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,63' S  12°39,67'W  3868  
PS79/140-11  17.02.12  08:24  FRRF    Hieven               51°11,63' S  12°39,67'W  3868  
PS79/140-11  17.02.12  08:47  FRRF    an Deck              51°11,57' S  12°39,58'W  3871,7  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,53' S  12°39,52'W  3787  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:14  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,52' S  12°39,46'W  3764,5  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:18  CTD/RO  Fieren               51°11,51' S  12°39,45'W  3721  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:37  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,46' S  12°39,59'W  3789,7  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:38  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,46' S  12°39,61'W  3791  
PS79/140-12  17.02.12  09:55  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,44' S  12°39,59'W  3786,2  
PS79/140-13  17.02.12  10:02  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,40' S  12°39,68'W  3779,7  
PS79/140-13  17.02.12  10:03  FLOAT   zu Wasser            51°11,39' S  12°39,76'W  3839,2  
PS79/140-14  17.02.12  10:59  TRAPS   an Deck              51°7,55' S   12°32,56'W  3424,4  
PS79/140-14  17.02.12  11:04  TRAPS   an Deck              51°7,53' S   12°32,47'W  3427,1  
PS79/140-14  17.02.12  11:20  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°7,60' S   12°32,45'W  3426,3  
PS79/140-14  17.02.12  11:20  TRAPS   an Deck              51°7,60' S   12°32,45'W  3426,3  
PS79/141-1   17.02.12  12:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,98' S  12°36,69'W  3940,1  
PS79/141-2   17.02.12  13:48  HN      zu Wasser            51°11,98' S  12°36,95'W  3919,7  
PS79/141-2   17.02.12  13:50  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,99' S  12°36,92'W  3929  
PS79/141-2   17.02.12  13:51  HN      an Deck              51°11,99' S  12°36,90'W  3926  
PS79/141-1   17.02.12  14:07  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,98' S  12°37,02'W  3921,7  
PS79/141-1   17.02.12  14:08  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,99' S  12°37,00'W  3915,2  
PS79/141-1   17.02.12  15:26  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,98' S  12°36,81'W  3928,9  
PS79/141-3   17.02.12  15:35  MUC     zu Wasser            51°11,96' S  12°36,81'W  3931,5  
PS79/141-3   17.02.12  16:33  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,93' S  12°36,87'W  3925,5  
PS79/141-3   17.02.12  16:34  MUC     Hieven               51°11,93' S  12°36,88'W  3922,4  
PS79/141-3   17.02.12  17:29  MUC     Wasserober.flche     51°11,89' S  12°36,76'W  4376,3  
PS79/141-3   17.02.12  17:30  MUC     an Deck              51°11,89' S  12°36,76'W  3922,8  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  18:30  EBS     zu Wasser            51°12,48' S  12°31,44'W  4088,2  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  20:15  EBS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°12,06' S  12°35,41'W  0  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  21:24  EBS     Profil Anfang        51°11,97' S  12°37,06'W  3913,7  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  21:35  EBS     Profil Ende          51°11,97' S  12°37,29'W  3861,2  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  21:35  EBS     Hieven               51°11,97' S  12°37,29'W  3861,2  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  23:02  EBS     frei vom Grund       51°12,08' S  12°37,81'W  3825  
PS79/141-4   17.02.12  23:02  EBS     Hieven               51°12,08' S  12°37,81'W  3825  
PS79/141-4   18.02.12  00:41  EBS     Wasserober.flche     51°11,55' S  12°38,39'W  3685  
PS79/141-4   18.02.12  00:41  EBS     an Deck              51°11,55' S  12°38,39'W  3685  
PS79/141-5   18.02.12  02:58  MUC     zu Wasser            51°16,01' S  12°36,93'W  4113,2  
PS79/141-5   18.02.12  03:54  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°16,04' S  12°36,88'W  4115,5  
PS79/141-5   18.02.12  03:56  MUC     Hieven               51°16,03' S  12°36,87'W  4117,7  
PS79/141-5   18.02.12  04:52  MUC     an Deck              51°16,01' S  12°37,00'W  4115  
PS79/141-6   18.02.12  05:06  MUC     zu Wasser            51°15,99' S  12°37,14'W  4113,5  
PS79/141-6   18.02.12  06:04  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°15,98' S  12°37,04'W  4113  
PS79/141-6   18.02.12  06:05  MUC     Hieven               51°15,98' S  12°37,03'W  4112,2  
PS79/141-6   18.02.12  06:58  MUC     Wasserober.flche     51°15,96' S  12°36,97'W  4109,4  
PS79/141-6   18.02.12  07:01  MUC     an Deck              51°15,95' S  12°37,00'W  4112  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  08:27  AGT     zu Wasser            51°15,95' S  12°30,51'W  4105,2  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  09:44  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°15,96' S  12°35,67'W  4119,7  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  10:16  AGT     Profil Anfang        51°15,98' S  12°37,47'W  4109,5  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  10:26  AGT     Profil Ende          51°15,95' S  12°37,70'W  4109,7  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  10:26  AGT     Hieven               51°15,95' S  12°37,70'W  4109,7  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  11:32  AGT     frei vom Grund       51°16,14' S  12°38,19'W  4121  
PS79/141-7   18.02.12  14:06  AGT     an Deck              51°17,54' S  12°36,09'W  4120,5  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  16:10  AGT     zu Wasser            51°15,91' S  12°30,12'W  4103,7  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  17:31  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°15,98' S  12°35,82'W  4092,5  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  18:00  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°16,07' S  12°37,51'W  4111  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  18:00  AGT     Profil Anfang        51°16,07' S  12°37,51'W  4111  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  18:10  AGT     Hieven               51°15,95' S  12°37,73'W  4109,2  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  18:10  AGT     Profil Ende          51°15,95' S  12°37,73'W  4109,2  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  19:12  AGT     frei vom Grund       51°16,07' S  12°37,65'W  4112,2  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  21:34  AGT     Wasserober.flche     51°16,54' S  12°37,84'W  4141,3  
PS79/141-8   18.02.12  21:36  AGT     an Deck              51°16,53' S  12°37,82'W  4158,7  
PS79/141-9   18.02.12  22:04  MUC     zu Wasser            51°15,98' S  12°37,01'W  4112,7  
PS79/141-9   18.02.12  22:58  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°16,03' S  12°37,06'W  0  
PS79/141-9   18.02.12  23:00  MUC     Hieven               51°16,03' S  12°37,04'W  4114,2  
PS79/141-9   18.02.12  23:54  MUC     an Deck              51°15,96' S  12°36,95'W  4112,2  
PS79/141-10  19.02.12  00:13  MUC     zu Wasser            51°15,96' S  12°36,93'W  4112,5  
PS79/141-10  19.02.12  01:08  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°15,97' S  12°36,94'W  0  
PS79/141-10  19.02.12  01:09  MUC     Hieven               51°15,97' S  12°36,94'W  4113  
PS79/141-10  19.02.12  02:05  MUC     an Deck              51°16,01' S  12°37,04'W  4116,5  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  02:18  MUC     zu Wasser            51°16,00' S  12°37,07'W  4109,4  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  03:15  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°16,02' S  12°37,12'W  4113,2  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  03:16  MUC     Hieven               51°16,03' S  12°37,12'W  4113  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  04:05  MUC     Aktion               51°16,06' S  12°37,14'W  0  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  05:26  MUC     Hieven               51°16,04' S  12°36,52'W  4118,2  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  06:18  MUC     Wasserober.flche     51°15,92' S  12°36,27'W  4113,5  
PS79/141-11  19.02.12  06:20  MUC     an Deck              51°15,92' S  12°36,27'W  3814,1  
PS79/142-1   19.02.12  07:27  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            51°11,94' S  12°40,11'W  3971,5  
PS79/142-1   19.02.12  07:45  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  51°11,87' S  12°40,00'W  3943,5  
PS79/142-1   19.02.12  07:46  CTD/RO  Hieven               51°11,87' S  12°39,99'W  3970  
PS79/142-1   19.02.12  08:06  CTD/RO  an Deck              51°11,75' S  12°39,78'W  3873,5  
PS79/143-1   24.02.12  00:50  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            53°30,01' S  36°24,08'W  1272,1  
PS79/143-1   24.02.12  01:27  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°30,00' S  36°24,01'W  1268,2  
PS79/143-1   24.02.12  01:27  CTD/RO  Hieven               53°30,00' S  36°24,01'W  1268,2  
PS79/143-1   24.02.12  01:59  CTD/RO  an Deck              53°30,05' S  36°23,99'W  1264,4  
PS79/143-2   24.02.12  02:05  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            53°30,06' S  36°24,01'W  1266,3  
PS79/143-2   24.02.12  02:27  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°30,12' S  36°24,15'W  1273,5  
PS79/143-2   24.02.12  02:32  GO-FLO  Hieven               53°30,12' S  36°24,15'W  1273,1  
PS79/143-2   24.02.12  02:48  GO-FLO  an Deck              53°30,16' S  36°24,17'W  1272  
PS79/144-1   24.02.12  18:58  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,87' S  36°59,88'W  4978,4  
PS79/144-1   24.02.12  19:11  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°47,84' S  36°59,62'W  4977,1  
PS79/144-1   24.02.12  19:11  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,84' S  36°59,62'W  4977,1  
PS79/144-1   24.02.12  19:18  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°47,82' S  36°59,44'W  4977,6  
PS79/144-1   24.02.12  19:19  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°47,81' S  36°59,42'W  4977,3  
PS79/144-2   24.02.12  19:56  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,93' S  36°59,85'W  4978  
PS79/144-2   24.02.12  20:31  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,69' S  36°59,38'W  4978,6  
PS79/144-2   24.02.12  20:32  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°47,69' S  36°59,36'W  4978,8  
PS79/144-3   24.02.12  20:35  HN      zu Wasser            50°47,67' S  36°59,34'W  4979,2  
PS79/144-3   24.02.12  20:36  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,67' S  36°59,32'W  4980  
PS79/144-3   24.02.12  20:38  HN      an Deck              50°47,67' S  36°59,29'W  4978,1  
PS79/144-2   24.02.12  21:04  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°47,65' S  36°58,68'W  4979,6  
PS79/144-2   24.02.12  21:05  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°47,65' S  36°58,66'W  4980  
PS79/145-1   24.02.12  23:44  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°23,89' S  36°59,93'W  0  
PS79/145-1   25.02.12  00:22  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°23,79' S  36°59,73'W  5069,4  
PS79/145-1   25.02.12  00:58  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°23,61' S  36°59,84'W  5070,6  
PS79/145-2   25.02.12  01:05  FLOAT   zu Wasser            50°23,60' S  36°59,89'W  5070,9  
PS79/145-2   25.02.12  01:06  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°23,61' S  36°59,92'W  5070,8  
PS79/146-1   25.02.12  03:52  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°0,07' S   37°0,07'W   5141,5  
PS79/146-2   25.02.12  04:14  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,10' S   37°0,06'W   5140,7  
PS79/146-2   25.02.12  04:16  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,10' S   37°0,07'W   5140,5  
PS79/146-2   25.02.12  04:19  HN      an Deck              50°0,10' S   37°0,07'W   5142  
PS79/146-1   25.02.12  04:28  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,07' S   37°0,09'W   5140,2  
PS79/146-1   25.02.12  04:29  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°0,07' S   37°0,10'W   5141  
PS79/146-1   25.02.12  05:02  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°0,11' S   37°0,06'W   5141,2  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:14  RMT     zu Wasser            50°0,57' S   36°59,78'W  5139  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:29  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°1,19' S   36°59,29'W  5136,7  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:30  RMT     Hieven               50°1,23' S   36°59,26'W  5136,5  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:44  RMT     Profil Ende          50°1,90' S   36°58,98'W  5129,7  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:47  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°2,05' S   36°58,94'W  5128  
PS79/146-3   25.02.12  05:50  RMT     an Deck              50°2,19' S   36°58,91'W  5127  
PS79/147-1   25.02.12  08:55  CTD     zu Wasser            49°35,93' S  36°59,78'W  0  
PS79/147-1   25.02.12  09:30  CTD     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,08' S  37°0,34'W   0  
PS79/147-1   25.02.12  09:31  CTD     Hieven               49°36,08' S  37°0,36'W   0  
PS79/147-1   25.02.12  10:08  CTD     an Deck              49°36,35' S  37°0,84'W   5172,3  
PS79/148-1   25.02.12  12:38  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°11,98' S  36°59,84'W  3717,6  
PS79/148-1   25.02.12  13:14  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°11,87' S  36°59,00'W  3696,5  
PS79/148-1   25.02.12  13:16  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°11,87' S  36°58,93'W  3703,9  
PS79/148-1   25.02.12  13:50  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°11,79' S  36°58,01'W  3709,2  
PS79/149-1   25.02.12  16:33  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°47,93' S  36°59,87'W  5096  
PS79/149-1   25.02.12  17:08  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°48,07' S  36°59,42'W  5077,7  
PS79/149-1   25.02.12  17:41  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°48,13' S  36°58,98'W  5027,2  
PS79/150-1   25.02.12  20:30  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°48,00' S  37°35,91'W  5280,9  
PS79/150-1   25.02.12  21:04  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°48,12' S  37°35,44'W  5266  
PS79/150-1   25.02.12  21:05  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°48,12' S  37°35,43'W  5265,5  
PS79/150-1   25.02.12  21:36  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     48°48,29' S  37°35,16'W  5253,2  
PS79/150-1   25.02.12  21:37  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°48,30' S  37°35,15'W  5252  
PS79/151-1   26.02.12  00:06  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°11,91' S  37°36,08'W  5670  
PS79/151-2   26.02.12  00:40  HN      zu Wasser            49°11,78' S  37°35,91'W  5612,2  
PS79/151-1   26.02.12  00:42  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°11,77' S  37°35,89'W  5611,2  
PS79/151-1   26.02.12  00:44  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°11,77' S  37°35,87'W  5644,5  
PS79/151-2   26.02.12  00:49  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°11,77' S  37°35,84'W  5638  
PS79/151-2   26.02.12  00:49  HN      an Deck              49°11,77' S  37°35,84'W  5638  
PS79/151-1   26.02.12  01:21  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°11,94' S  37°35,64'W  5502  
PS79/152-1   26.02.12  03:51  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°36,06' S  37°35,91'W  5131,2  
PS79/152-1   26.02.12  04:26  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,30' S  37°35,89'W  5131,7  
PS79/152-1   26.02.12  04:26  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°36,30' S  37°35,89'W  5131,7  
PS79/152-2   26.02.12  04:59  HN      zu Wasser            49°36,36' S  37°35,72'W  5132,2  
PS79/152-2   26.02.12  05:00  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,37' S  37°35,72'W  5131,5  
PS79/152-1   26.02.12  05:02  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°36,38' S  37°35,72'W  5131,7  
PS79/152-2   26.02.12  05:02  HN      an Deck              49°36,38' S  37°35,72'W  5131,7  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:12  RMT     zu Wasser            49°36,67' S  37°36,22'W  5130,7  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:27  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°37,15' S  37°37,01'W  5131,2  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:28  RMT     Hieven               49°37,19' S  37°37,07'W  5129,2  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:41  RMT     Profil Ende          49°37,61' S  37°37,74'W  5131,5  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:43  RMT     Wasserober.flche     49°37,65' S  37°37,84'W  5131,2  
PS79/152-3   26.02.12  05:45  RMT     an Deck              49°37,72' S  37°37,96'W  5131  
PS79/153-1   26.02.12  08:05  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°59,96' S  37°36,01'W  5175  
PS79/153-2   26.02.12  08:32  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,06' S   37°36,22'W  5175,2  
PS79/153-2   26.02.12  08:35  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,06' S   37°36,26'W  5174  
PS79/153-1   26.02.12  08:39  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,07' S   37°36,30'W  5173,4  
PS79/153-1   26.02.12  08:40  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°0,08' S   37°36,31'W  5174,3  
PS79/153-2   26.02.12  08:40  HN      an Deck              50°0,08' S   37°36,31'W  5174,3  
PS79/153-1   26.02.12  09:12  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°0,15' S   37°36,55'W  5174,1  
PS79/153-1   26.02.12  09:13  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°0,15' S   37°36,55'W  5173,2  
PS79/154-1   26.02.12  11:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°23,98' S  37°36,02'W  0  
PS79/154-1   26.02.12  12:23  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°24,13' S  37°36,10'W  5076,5  
PS79/154-1   26.02.12  13:00  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°24,25' S  37°36,27'W  5077,2  
PS79/155-1   26.02.12  15:26  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°48,03' S  37°35,75'W  4951,5  
PS79/155-1   26.02.12  16:02  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,41' S  37°35,23'W  4953,7  
PS79/155-1   26.02.12  16:02  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,41' S  37°35,23'W  4953,7  
PS79/155-2   26.02.12  16:06  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,43' S  37°35,16'W  4954,5  
PS79/155-2   26.02.12  16:08  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,44' S  37°35,13'W  4955,7  
PS79/155-2   26.02.12  16:10  HN      an Deck              50°48,45' S  37°35,10'W  4954,5  
PS79/155-1   26.02.12  16:36  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,60' S  37°34,64'W  4954,7  
PS79/156-1   26.02.12  19:07  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°48,08' S  38°12,07'W  4899,6  
PS79/156-1   26.02.12  19:41  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,43' S  38°11,96'W  4897,7  
PS79/156-1   26.02.12  19:41  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,43' S  38°11,96'W  4897,7  
PS79/156-1   26.02.12  20:14  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°48,84' S  38°11,70'W  4895,5  
PS79/156-1   26.02.12  20:15  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,85' S  38°11,69'W  4901,7  
PS79/157-1   26.02.12  22:48  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°23,98' S  38°12,19'W  5040,1  
PS79/157-1   26.02.12  23:27  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°24,21' S  38°11,96'W  5039,2  
PS79/157-1   26.02.12  23:30  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°24,22' S  38°11,91'W  5039,3  
PS79/157-1   27.02.12  00:07  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°24,41' S  38°11,35'W  5040  
PS79/158-1   27.02.12  02:46  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°0,05' S   38°12,12'W  5108,5  
PS79/158-2   27.02.12  02:54  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,02' S   38°12,22'W  5107,7  
PS79/158-2   27.02.12  02:59  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,02' S   38°12,29'W  5108  
PS79/158-2   27.02.12  03:01  HN      an Deck              50°0,02' S   38°12,32'W  5107,5  
PS79/158-1   27.02.12  03:22  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,05' S   38°12,63'W  5105,7  
PS79/158-1   27.02.12  03:24  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°0,05' S   38°12,66'W  5107  
PS79/158-3   27.02.12  03:33  HN      zu Wasser            50°0,04' S   38°12,80'W  5105,7  
PS79/158-3   27.02.12  03:37  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,03' S   38°12,85'W  5106  
PS79/158-3   27.02.12  03:39  HN      an Deck              50°0,03' S   38°12,88'W  5105,7  
PS79/158-1   27.02.12  03:57  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°0,00' S   38°13,09'W  5105,2  
PS79/158-4   27.02.12  03:59  FLOAT   zu Wasser            49°59,98' S  38°13,10'W  5104,5  
PS79/158-4   27.02.12  03:59  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,98' S  38°13,10'W  5104,5  
PS79/158-5   27.02.12  04:02  BUOY    zu Wasser            49°59,93' S  38°13,10'W  5104  
PS79/158-5   27.02.12  04:03  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,91' S  38°13,09'W  5104,2  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:11  RMT     zu Wasser            49°59,65' S  38°13,00'W  5104  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:26  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°59,14' S  38°12,80'W  5103,7  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:27  RMT     Hieven               49°59,11' S  38°12,79'W  5103,5  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:42  RMT     Profil Ende          49°58,62' S  38°12,60'W  5103,7  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:43  RMT     Wasserober.flche     49°58,59' S  38°12,59'W  5103,2  
PS79/158-6   27.02.12  04:46  RMT     an Deck              49°58,50' S  38°12,55'W  5103,7  
PS79/159-1   27.02.12  07:06  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°59,98' S  38°48,21'W  4824,2  
PS79/159-1   27.02.12  07:43  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,79' S  38°48,35'W  4821  
PS79/159-1   27.02.12  07:44  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°59,79' S  38°48,36'W  4824,8  
PS79/159-2   27.02.12  07:59  HN      zu Wasser            49°59,76' S  38°48,49'W  4819,5  
PS79/159-2   27.02.12  08:01  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,76' S  38°48,51'W  4819,5  
PS79/159-2   27.02.12  08:05  HN      an Deck              49°59,76' S  38°48,55'W  4819,2  
PS79/159-1   27.02.12  08:15  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°59,75' S  38°48,65'W  0  
PS79/159-1   27.02.12  08:16  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°59,75' S  38°48,66'W  0  
PS79/160-1   27.02.12  10:40  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°24,00' S  38°48,07'W  4798,5  
PS79/160-1   27.02.12  11:17  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°23,89' S  38°48,00'W  4799,9  
PS79/160-1   27.02.12  11:19  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°23,88' S  38°48,00'W  4800,2  
PS79/160-1   27.02.12  11:50  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°23,82' S  38°48,05'W  4800  
PS79/161-1   27.02.12  14:26  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°48,02' S  38°48,06'W  4588,7  
PS79/161-1   27.02.12  15:01  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,00' S  38°47,81'W  4591,7  
PS79/161-1   27.02.12  15:01  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,00' S  38°47,81'W  4591,7  
PS79/161-1   27.02.12  15:35  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,06' S  38°47,71'W  4591,7  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  18:48  RMT     zu Wasser            50°48,04' S  39°27,34'W  0  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:03  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,04' S  39°26,51'W  4127,6  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:03  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°48,04' S  39°26,51'W  4127,6  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:03  RMT     Hieven               50°48,04' S  39°26,51'W  4127,6  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:19  RMT     Profil Ende          50°48,04' S  39°25,70'W  0  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:19  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°48,04' S  39°25,70'W  4136,3  
PS79/162-1   27.02.12  19:21  RMT     an Deck              50°48,04' S  39°25,57'W  4137,9  
PS79/162-2   27.02.12  19:36  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°48,01' S  39°24,46'W  4151,6  
PS79/162-3   27.02.12  20:04  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,01' S  39°24,67'W  4149  
PS79/162-3   27.02.12  20:05  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,01' S  39°24,67'W  4149,4  
PS79/162-3   27.02.12  20:07  HN      an Deck              50°48,00' S  39°24,67'W  4149,8  
PS79/162-2   27.02.12  20:09  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°47,99' S  39°24,69'W  4148,2  
PS79/162-2   27.02.12  20:10  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,00' S  39°24,70'W  4150,1  
PS79/162-2   27.02.12  20:44  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°47,80' S  39°24,95'W  4148,2  
PS79/162-2   27.02.12  20:44  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°47,80' S  39°24,95'W  4148,2  
PS79/163-1   28.02.12  00:00  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°24,10' S  39°24,18'W  4327,5  
PS79/163-1   28.02.12  00:49  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°24,13' S  39°23,97'W  4330,6  
PS79/163-1   28.02.12  00:50  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°24,13' S  39°23,98'W  4331,2  
PS79/163-1   28.02.12  01:25  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°24,08' S  39°23,96'W  0  
PS79/163-2   28.02.12  01:31  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            50°24,10' S  39°23,80'W  4332  
PS79/163-2   28.02.12  01:52  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°24,09' S  39°23,56'W  4335  
PS79/163-3   28.02.12  01:53  HN      zu Wasser            50°24,09' S  39°23,56'W  4335,6  
PS79/163-3   28.02.12  01:56  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°24,09' S  39°23,55'W  4334,5  
PS79/163-2   28.02.12  01:57  GO-FLO  Hieven               50°24,09' S  39°23,56'W  4335  
PS79/163-3   28.02.12  01:59  HN      an Deck              50°24,10' S  39°23,52'W  4335,8  
PS79/163-2   28.02.12  02:15  GO-FLO  an Deck              50°24,10' S  39°23,36'W  4339,1  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  02:28  RMT     zu Wasser            50°24,24' S  39°22,53'W  4346,7  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  02:43  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°24,59' S  39°21,57'W  4358,8  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  02:43  RMT     Hieven               50°24,59' S  39°21,57'W  4358,8  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  03:00  RMT     Profil Ende          50°25,07' S  39°20,45'W  4371,3  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  03:02  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°25,13' S  39°20,31'W  4373,3  
PS79/163-4   28.02.12  03:05  RMT     an Deck              50°25,21' S  39°20,10'W  4376,2  
PS79/164-1   28.02.12  06:23  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°0,07' S   39°24,22'W  0  
PS79/164-1   28.02.12  06:58  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°0,02' S   39°24,30'W  4188,9  
PS79/164-1   28.02.12  06:59  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°0,02' S   39°24,31'W  4189,6  
PS79/164-1   28.02.12  07:30  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°59,91' S  39°24,17'W  4191,2  
PS79/164-1   28.02.12  07:31  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°59,91' S  39°24,16'W  4191,2  
PS79/164-2   28.02.12  07:34  FLOAT   zu Wasser            49°59,92' S  39°24,10'W  4192,4  
PS79/164-2   28.02.12  07:35  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°59,92' S  39°24,07'W  4117,5  
PS79/164-2   28.02.12  07:35  FLOAT   an Deck              49°59,92' S  39°24,07'W  4117,5  
PS79/165-1   28.02.12  11:30  BUOY    zu Wasser            49°35,89' S  39°23,70'W  4160,5  
PS79/165-1   28.02.12  11:30  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°35,89' S  39°23,70'W  4160,5  
PS79/165-2   28.02.12  15:00  MSS     zu Wasser            49°32,76' S  39°22,29'W  4208,7  
PS79/165-2   28.02.12  15:15  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°32,80' S  39°22,35'W  4207,2  
PS79/165-2   28.02.12  16:10  MSS     an Deck              49°33,20' S  39°22,44'W  4200  
PS79/165-3   28.02.12  16:25  RAMSES  zu Wasser            49°33,12' S  39°22,45'W  4199,7  
PS79/165-3   28.02.12  16:39  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°33,09' S  39°22,35'W  4202,2  
PS79/165-3   28.02.12  17:13  RAMSES  an Deck              49°32,98' S  39°22,13'W  4208,5  
PS79/165-4   28.02.12  17:37  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°30,93' S  39°23,56'W  4200,2  
PS79/165-4   28.02.12  17:50  BUOY    an Deck              49°30,24' S  39°23,84'W  4223,1  
PS79/165-5   28.02.12  21:04  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°35,93' S  39°24,00'W  4156,7  
PS79/165-5   28.02.12  21:42  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,02' S  39°23,98'W  4157,5  
PS79/165-5   28.02.12  21:43  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°36,02' S  39°23,98'W  4157,7  
PS79/165-5   28.02.12  22:19  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°36,06' S  39°24,08'W  4152  
PS79/166-1   29.02.12  00:47  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°12,02' S  39°24,05'W  5493  
PS79/166-2   29.02.12  00:57  HN      zu Wasser            49°11,98' S  39°24,12'W  5495,3  
PS79/166-3   29.02.12  01:04  HN      zu Wasser            49°12,03' S  39°24,21'W  5492,9  
PS79/166-2   29.02.12  01:06  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°12,04' S  39°24,21'W  5494  
PS79/166-2   29.02.12  01:06  HN      an Deck              49°12,04' S  39°24,21'W  5494  
PS79/166-3   29.02.12  01:12  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°12,06' S  39°24,20'W  5491,5  
PS79/166-3   29.02.12  01:12  HN      an Deck              49°12,06' S  39°24,20'W  5491,5  
PS79/166-1   29.02.12  01:25  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°12,06' S  39°24,14'W  5492,2  
PS79/166-1   29.02.12  01:26  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°12,06' S  39°24,13'W  5493,4  
PS79/166-1   29.02.12  02:01  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°12,00' S  39°23,89'W  5491,8  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:15  RMT     zu Wasser            49°12,38' S  39°24,52'W  5477,6  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:29  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°12,83' S  39°25,17'W  5436,1  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:30  RMT     Hieven               49°12,86' S  39°25,21'W  5431,2  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:45  RMT     Profil Ende          49°13,36' S  39°25,85'W  5350,6  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:46  RMT     Wasserober.flche     49°13,39' S  39°25,89'W  5346,7  
PS79/166-4   29.02.12  02:49  RMT     an Deck              49°13,49' S  39°26,04'W  5337,7  
PS79/167-1   29.02.12  05:36  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°47,95' S  39°23,63'W  5325,8  
PS79/167-1   29.02.12  06:14  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°47,75' S  39°21,38'W  5296,8  
PS79/167-1   29.02.12  06:15  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°47,74' S  39°21,32'W  5292,4  
PS79/167-1   29.02.12  06:47  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     48°47,39' S  39°19,39'W  5218,8  
PS79/167-1   29.02.12  06:48  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°47,37' S  39°19,33'W  5223,8  
PS79/168-1   29.02.12  08:41  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°48,08' S  38°47,71'W  5313,7  
PS79/168-1   29.02.12  09:17  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°47,84' S  38°45,79'W  5296  
PS79/168-1   29.02.12  09:18  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°47,84' S  38°45,74'W  5295,5  
PS79/168-1   29.02.12  09:49  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     48°47,76' S  38°44,13'W  5328,2  
PS79/168-1   29.02.12  09:50  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°47,76' S  38°44,08'W  5328,5  
PS79/169-1   29.02.12  12:24  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°11,98' S  38°47,93'W  396,9  
PS79/169-1   29.02.12  13:04  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°11,93' S  38°47,97'W  5504,5  
PS79/169-1   29.02.12  13:06  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°11,92' S  38°47,96'W  5504,2  
PS79/169-2   29.02.12  13:12  HN      zu Wasser            49°11,91' S  38°47,95'W  5504,5  
PS79/169-2   29.02.12  13:23  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°11,94' S  38°47,98'W  5504,2  
PS79/169-2   29.02.12  13:23  HN      an Deck              49°11,94' S  38°47,98'W  5504,2  
PS79/169-1   29.02.12  13:40  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°11,99' S  38°48,03'W  5503,7  
PS79/170-1   29.02.12  16:12  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°35,93' S  38°47,99'W  0  
PS79/170-1   29.02.12  16:47  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,06' S  38°47,93'W  4687  
PS79/170-1   29.02.12  16:47  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°36,06' S  38°47,93'W  4687  
PS79/170-1   29.02.12  17:20  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°36,15' S  38°47,87'W  4688,8  
PS79/171-1   29.02.12  22:21  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            48°47,92' S  38°11,58'W  5398,5  
PS79/171-1   29.02.12  23:01  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°47,75' S  38°10,26'W  5409,7  
PS79/171-1   29.02.12  23:03  CTD/RO  Hieven               48°47,75' S  38°10,19'W  5411,3  
PS79/171-1   29.02.12  23:39  CTD/RO  an Deck              48°47,77' S  38°8,89'W   5429,2  
PS79/171-2   29.02.12  23:44  FLOAT   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  48°47,76' S  38°8,77'W   5426,5  
PS79/171-2   29.02.12  23:45  FLOAT   zu Wasser            48°47,78' S  38°8,76'W   5426,5  
PS79/172-1   01.03.12  02:08  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°12,00' S  38°12,12'W  5389,7  
PS79/172-2   01.03.12  02:18  HN      zu Wasser            49°12,01' S  38°12,14'W  5390,8  
PS79/172-2   01.03.12  02:20  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°12,00' S  38°12,13'W  5390,7  
PS79/172-2   01.03.12  02:23  HN      an Deck              49°12,00' S  38°12,13'W  5390,2  
PS79/172-1   01.03.12  02:41  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°12,06' S  38°12,12'W  5390,9  
PS79/172-1   01.03.12  02:42  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°12,07' S  38°12,12'W  5390,7  
PS79/172-1   01.03.12  03:17  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°12,29' S  38°12,19'W  5397,1  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:23  RMT     zu Wasser            49°12,38' S  38°12,30'W  0  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:38  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°12,85' S  38°12,97'W  0  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:38  RMT     Hieven               49°12,85' S  38°12,97'W  0  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:53  RMT     Profil Ende          49°13,32' S  38°13,67'W  0  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:55  RMT     Wasserober.flche     49°13,38' S  38°13,76'W  0  
PS79/172-3   01.03.12  03:57  RMT     an Deck              49°13,44' S  38°13,85'W  0  
PS79/173-1   01.03.12  06:24  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°35,97' S  38°12,01'W  4988,4  
PS79/173-1   01.03.12  07:00  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°35,89' S  38°12,21'W  4989,3  
PS79/173-1   01.03.12  07:01  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°35,89' S  38°12,22'W  4986,6  
PS79/173-1   01.03.12  07:34  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°35,87' S  38°12,36'W  4986,8  
PS79/173-1   01.03.12  07:35  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°35,87' S  38°12,36'W  4988,5  
PS79/174-1   01.03.12  09:08  TRAPS   zu Wasser            49°40,05' S  38°16,25'W  4989,1  
PS79/174-1   01.03.12  09:20  TRAPS   zu Wasser            49°40,03' S  38°16,27'W  4989  
PS79/174-1   01.03.12  09:27  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°40,01' S  38°16,30'W  4991,3  
PS79/174-1   01.03.12  09:31  TRAPS   an Deck              49°40,02' S  38°16,31'W  4988,7  
PS79/174-2   01.03.12  09:49  MN      zu Wasser            49°40,01' S  38°15,78'W  4992,1  
PS79/174-2   01.03.12  10:44  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,98' S  38°15,83'W  4995  
PS79/174-2   01.03.12  10:44  MN      Hieven               49°39,98' S  38°15,83'W  4995  
PS79/174-2   01.03.12  11:09  MN      an Deck              49°39,90' S  38°15,78'W  4994,7  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  11:26  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°39,86' S  38°15,79'W  4994,5  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  11:36  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,83' S  38°15,83'W  4993,7  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  11:37  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°39,83' S  38°15,83'W  4993,7  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  11:41  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°39,81' S  38°15,85'W  4994  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  12:01  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°39,78' S  38°15,96'W  4992,7  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  12:15  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°39,76' S  38°16,02'W  4992,2  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  12:15  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,76' S  38°16,02'W  4992,2  
PS79/174-3   01.03.12  12:23  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°39,74' S  38°16,06'W  4992,2  
PS79/174-4   01.03.12  12:35  MSS     zu Wasser            49°39,73' S  38°16,15'W  4991,5  
PS79/174-4   01.03.12  13:40  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,68' S  38°17,80'W  4980,2  
PS79/174-4   01.03.12  13:40  MSS     an Deck              49°39,68' S  38°17,80'W  4980,2  
PS79/174-5   01.03.12  14:10  BUOY    zu Wasser            49°39,32' S  38°17,21'W  4981,5  
PS79/174-5   01.03.12  14:10  BUOY    am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,32' S  38°17,21'W  4981,5  
PS79/174-6   01.03.12  14:14  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°39,30' S  38°17,27'W  4980,7  
PS79/174-6   01.03.12  15:55  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°38,98' S  38°17,81'W  4974,5  
PS79/174-6   01.03.12  15:55  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°38,98' S  38°17,81'W  4974,5  
PS79/174-7   01.03.12  17:18  HN      zu Wasser            49°38,77' S  38°18,22'W  4969,7  
PS79/174-7   01.03.12  17:20  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°38,77' S  38°18,24'W  4970  
PS79/174-7   01.03.12  17:21  HN      an Deck              49°38,77' S  38°18,25'W  4969,7  
PS79/174-6   01.03.12  17:32  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°38,74' S  38°18,29'W  4969  
PS79/174-8   01.03.12  17:40  RAMSES  zu Wasser            49°38,71' S  38°18,31'W  4968,5  
PS79/174-8   01.03.12  18:04  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°38,63' S  38°18,36'W  4968  
PS79/174-8   01.03.12  18:04  RAMSES  Hieven               49°38,63' S  38°18,36'W  4968  
PS79/174-8   01.03.12  18:23  RAMSES  Wasserober.flche     49°38,58' S  38°18,37'W  4967,2  
PS79/174-8   01.03.12  18:24  RAMSES  an Deck              49°38,58' S  38°18,37'W  4967  
PS79/174-9   01.03.12  18:37  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°38,56' S  38°18,41'W  4966,5  
PS79/174-9   01.03.12  18:54  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°38,54' S  38°18,51'W  4966,2  
PS79/174-9   01.03.12  18:54  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°38,54' S  38°18,51'W  4966,2  
PS79/174-9   01.03.12  19:09  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°38,53' S  38°18,59'W  4965,5  
PS79/174-9   01.03.12  19:10  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°38,53' S  38°18,60'W  4965,5  
PS79/174-10  01.03.12  19:17  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            49°38,53' S  38°18,64'W  4965,5  
PS79/174-10  01.03.12  19:35  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°38,54' S  38°18,73'W  4964,5  
PS79/174-10  01.03.12  19:40  GO-FLO  Hieven               49°38,54' S  38°18,75'W  4964,5  
PS79/174-10  01.03.12  19:55  GO-FLO  Wasserober.flche     49°38,56' S  38°18,81'W  4964,2  
PS79/174-10  01.03.12  19:55  GO-FLO  an Deck              49°38,56' S  38°18,81'W  4964,2  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  20:10  RMT     zu Wasser            49°38,61' S  38°18,91'W  4964,2  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  21:29  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°39,88' S  38°22,70'W  4948  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  21:30  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°39,90' S  38°22,75'W  4947,7  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  21:30  RMT     Hieven               49°39,90' S  38°22,75'W  4947,7  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  23:48  RMT     Profil Ende          49°41,73' S  38°29,54'W  4909  
PS79/174-11  01.03.12  23:50  RMT     an Deck              49°41,74' S  38°29,58'W  4909  
PS79/174-12  02.03.12  01:07  MSS     zu Wasser            49°37,28' S  38°19,54'W  4948,2  
PS79/174-12  02.03.12  02:00  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°37,52' S  38°20,47'W  4943,2  
PS79/174-12  02.03.12  02:11  MSS     an Deck              49°37,54' S  38°20,68'W  4942,2  
PS79/174-13  02.03.12  02:13  RAMSES  zu Wasser            49°37,54' S  38°20,71'W  4942  
PS79/174-13  02.03.12  02:27  RAMSES  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°37,44' S  38°20,64'W  4941,7  
PS79/174-13  02.03.12  02:27  RAMSES  Hieven               49°37,44' S  38°20,64'W  4941,7  
PS79/174-13  02.03.12  02:41  RAMSES  an Deck              49°37,39' S  38°20,67'W  4941,2  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  02:47  RMT     zu Wasser            49°37,40' S  38°20,81'W  4940,2  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  03:06  RMT     Profil Anfang        49°37,54' S  38°22,08'W  4932,2  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  03:06  RMT     Hieven               49°37,54' S  38°22,08'W  4932,2  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  03:24  RMT     Profil Ende          49°37,71' S  38°23,27'W  4925,2  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  03:26  RMT     Wasserober.flche     49°37,73' S  38°23,40'W  4924,5  
PS79/174-14  02.03.12  03:29  RMT     an Deck              49°37,76' S  38°23,60'W  4923  
PS79/174-15  02.03.12  04:00  MN      zu Wasser            49°37,07' S  38°20,60'W  4939,5  
PS79/174-15  02.03.12  04:54  MN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,93' S  38°21,04'W  4935,2  
PS79/174-15  02.03.12  04:54  MN      Hieven               49°36,93' S  38°21,04'W  4935,2  
PS79/174-15  02.03.12  05:19  MN      an Deck              49°36,86' S  38°21,30'W  4934,5  
PS79/174-16  02.03.12  05:24  MSS     zu Wasser            49°36,86' S  38°21,39'W  4932  
PS79/174-16  02.03.12  05:43  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,93' S  38°21,99'W  4928  
PS79/174-16  02.03.12  06:29  MSS     an Deck              49°36,98' S  38°23,17'W  4929,2  
PS79/174-17  02.03.12  06:43  ISP     zu Wasser            49°36,81' S  38°22,62'W  4921  
PS79/174-18  02.03.12  06:52  HN      zu Wasser            49°36,72' S  38°22,78'W  4920  
PS79/174-18  02.03.12  07:00  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,66' S  38°22,85'W  4919  
PS79/174-17  02.03.12  07:11  ISP     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,59' S  38°22,94'W  4917,5  
PS79/174-18  02.03.12  07:21  HN      an Deck              49°36,51' S  38°23,05'W  4915  
PS79/174-17  02.03.12  09:16  ISP     Hieven               49°36,28' S  38°23,69'W  4909  
PS79/174-17  02.03.12  09:41  ISP     an Deck              49°36,31' S  38°23,76'W  4909,2  
PS79/174-19  02.03.12  10:18  TRAPS   an Deck              49°36,38' S  38°23,37'W  4912,2  
PS79/174-19  02.03.12  10:22  TRAPS   an Deck              49°36,37' S  38°23,38'W  4913  
PS79/174-19  02.03.12  10:29  TRAPS   an Deck              49°36,32' S  38°23,40'W  4911  
PS79/174-19  02.03.12  10:43  TRAPS   am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°36,33' S  38°23,50'W  4910,2  
PS79/174-19  02.03.12  10:43  TRAPS   an Deck              49°36,33' S  38°23,50'W  4910,2  
PS79/174-20  02.03.12  10:56  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°36,32' S  38°23,41'W  4910,7  
PS79/174-20  02.03.12  12:31  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°35,97' S  38°23,14'W  4909,5  
PS79/174-20  02.03.12  12:35  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°35,96' S  38°23,11'W  4911,7  
PS79/174-20  02.03.12  14:06  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°35,91' S  38°22,80'W  4912,7  
PS79/174-21  02.03.12  14:15  MSS     zu Wasser            49°35,83' S  38°22,86'W  4911,5  
PS79/174-21  02.03.12  14:36  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°35,48' S  38°23,14'W  4905,7  
PS79/174-21  02.03.12  15:22  MSS     an Deck              49°34,71' S  38°23,52'W  4896,2  
PS79/174-22  02.03.12  15:43  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            49°34,72' S  38°23,30'W  4897,5  
PS79/174-22  02.03.12  17:04  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°34,26' S  38°23,85'W  4889  
PS79/174-22  02.03.12  17:04  CTD/RO  Hieven               49°34,26' S  38°23,85'W  4889  
PS79/174-22  02.03.12  18:30  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     49°34,02' S  38°24,07'W  4885,2  
PS79/174-22  02.03.12  18:31  CTD/RO  an Deck              49°34,01' S  38°24,08'W  4885  
PS79/174-23  02.03.12  18:47  MUC     zu Wasser            49°34,02' S  38°24,02'W  4886,2  
PS79/174-23  02.03.12  19:09  MUC     Hieven               49°33,89' S  38°24,21'W  4882,2  
PS79/174-23  02.03.12  19:58  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°33,80' S  38°24,27'W  4881  
PS79/174-23  02.03.12  21:03  MUC     Wasserober.flche     49°33,57' S  38°24,47'W  4877,2  
PS79/174-23  02.03.12  21:05  MUC     an Deck              49°33,56' S  38°24,47'W  4877  
PS79/174-24  02.03.12  21:24  MSS     zu Wasser            49°33,26' S  38°25,02'W  4869  
PS79/174-24  02.03.12  22:37  MSS     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  49°32,49' S  38°26,39'W  4849,5  
PS79/174-24  02.03.12  22:37  MSS     an Deck              49°32,49' S  38°26,39'W  4849,5  
PS79/175-1   03.03.12  07:03  CTD/RO  zu Wasser            50°47,99' S  39°23,91'W  4158,1  
PS79/175-1   03.03.12  08:27  CTD/RO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,21' S  39°23,61'W  4162,2  
PS79/175-1   03.03.12  08:28  CTD/RO  Hieven               50°48,22' S  39°23,61'W  4161,7  
PS79/175-2   03.03.12  09:00  HN      zu Wasser            50°48,23' S  39°23,65'W  4161,2  
PS79/175-2   03.03.12  09:04  HN      am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,20' S  39°23,65'W  4161,7  
PS79/175-2   03.03.12  09:09  HN      an Deck              50°48,16' S  39°23,65'W  4162  
PS79/175-1   03.03.12  09:44  CTD/RO  Wasserober.flche     50°48,03' S  39°23,61'W  4163,5  
PS79/175-1   03.03.12  09:45  CTD/RO  an Deck              50°48,03' S  39°23,61'W  4163,7  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  11:11  AGT     zu Wasser            50°51,82' S  39°22,85'W  4137,2  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  12:30  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,02' S  39°23,96'W  4159,7  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  13:00  AGT     Profil Anfang        50°46,98' S  39°24,39'W  4163,2  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  13:10  AGT     Profil Ende          50°46,85' S  39°24,44'W  4163,5  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  13:10  AGT     Hieven               50°46,85' S  39°24,44'W  4163,5  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  14:15  AGT     frei vom Grund       50°46,78' S  39°24,49'W  4163,5  
PS79/175-3   03.03.12  16:48  AGT     an Deck              50°46,10' S  39°24,17'W  4173,5  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  17:58  AGT     zu Wasser            50°51,92' S  39°22,84'W  4135,7  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  19:16  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°48,68' S  39°23,71'W  4156,2  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  19:47  AGT     Profil Anfang        50°47,60' S  39°24,20'W  4161,2  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  19:57  AGT     Hieven               50°47,38' S  39°24,21'W  4162,2  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  19:57  AGT     Profil Ende          50°47,38' S  39°24,21'W  4162,2  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  21:03  AGT     frei vom Grund       50°47,13' S  39°24,01'W  4166,7  
PS79/175-4   03.03.12  23:39  AGT     an Deck              50°46,36' S  39°23,19'W  4183,5  
PS79/175-5   04.03.12  00:19  MUC     zu Wasser            50°46,72' S  39°25,74'W  4149,2  
PS79/175-5   04.03.12  01:15  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°46,69' S  39°25,35'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-5   04.03.12  01:16  MUC     Hieven               50°46,69' S  39°25,35'W  4154  
PS79/175-5   04.03.12  02:14  MUC     an Deck              50°46,63' S  39°25,16'W  4156,7  
PS79/175-6   04.03.12  02:27  MUC     zu Wasser            50°46,64' S  39°25,16'W  4157,2  
PS79/175-6   04.03.12  03:25  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°46,59' S  39°25,33'W  4155,2  
PS79/175-6   04.03.12  03:26  MUC     Hieven               50°46,59' S  39°25,33'W  4155,2  
PS79/175-6   04.03.12  03:27  MUC     frei vom Grund       50°46,59' S  39°25,34'W  4155,5  
PS79/175-6   04.03.12  04:22  MUC     an Deck              50°46,63' S  39°25,36'W  4154,7  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  04:40  MUC     zu Wasser            50°46,63' S  39°25,41'W  4153,7  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  05:36  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°46,60' S  39°25,38'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  05:36  MUC     Hieven               50°46,60' S  39°25,38'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  05:37  MUC     frei vom Grund       50°46,60' S  39°25,39'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  06:31  MUC     Wasserober.flche     50°46,62' S  39°25,42'W  4154  
PS79/175-7   04.03.12  06:33  MUC     an Deck              50°46,62' S  39°25,42'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-8   04.03.12  06:47  MUC     zu Wasser            50°46,58' S  39°25,38'W  4154,5  
PS79/175-8   04.03.12  07:43  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°46,60' S  39°25,39'W  0  
PS79/175-8   04.03.12  07:44  MUC     Hieven               50°46,60' S  39°25,38'W  0  
PS79/175-8   04.03.12  08:37  MUC     Wasserober.flche     50°46,63' S  39°25,37'W  4155  
PS79/175-8   04.03.12  08:40  MUC     an Deck              50°46,63' S  39°25,37'W  4154,2  
PS79/175-9   04.03.12  08:53  MUC     zu Wasser            50°46,60' S  39°25,37'W  4154,7  
PS79/175-9   04.03.12  09:49  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°46,57' S  39°25,33'W  4152,1  
PS79/175-9   04.03.12  09:50  MUC     Hieven               50°46,57' S  39°25,33'W  4155  
PS79/175-9   04.03.12  10:46  MUC     an Deck              50°46,55' S  39°25,15'W  4157,5  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  11:10  RMT     zu Wasser            50°46,44' S  39°25,16'W  4157,5  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  13:17  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  50°42,85' S  39°31,17'W  4117,7  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  13:17  RMT     Profil Anfang        50°42,85' S  39°31,17'W  4117,7  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  13:23  RMT     Profil Ende          50°42,72' S  39°31,39'W  4116,5  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  13:23  RMT     Hieven               50°42,72' S  39°31,39'W  4116,5  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  18:42  RMT     Wasserober.flche     50°35,23' S  39°41,09'W  4079,8  
PS79/175-10  04.03.12  18:44  RMT     an Deck              50°35,21' S  39°41,10'W  4079,1  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  06:54  RMT     zu Wasser            52°15,89' S  40°29,14'W  3798,4  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:09  RMT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°15,60' S  40°29,47'W  3798  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:10  RMT     Profil Anfang        52°15,58' S  40°29,50'W  3797,5  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:10  RMT     Hieven               52°15,58' S  40°29,50'W  3797,5  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:25  RMT     Profil Ende          52°15,25' S  40°29,87'W  3797,1  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:26  RMT     Wasserober.flche     52°15,23' S  40°29,89'W  3797,1  
PS79/176-1   05.03.12  07:30  RMT     an Deck              52°15,15' S  40°29,99'W  3796,8  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  09:34  MOR     zu Wasser            52°16,45' S  40°28,61'W  3799,2  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  09:44  MOR     zu Wasser            52°16,30' S  40°28,78'W  3798,8  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  09:49  MOR     zu Wasser            52°16,23' S  40°28,86'W  3798,8  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  09:50  MOR     Fieren               52°16,21' S  40°28,88'W  3798,7  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  10:18  MOR     zu Wasser            52°15,62' S  40°29,45'W  3797,7  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  10:27  MOR     zu Wasser            52°15,42' S  40°29,60'W  3796,9  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  10:28  MOR     Fieren               52°15,39' S  40°29,63'W  3796,5  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  10:41  MOR     zu Wasser            52°15,12' S  40°29,91'W  3796,1  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  11:00  MOR     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  52°15,01' S  40°29,97'W  3796,1  
PS79/176-2   05.03.12  11:02  MOR     zu Wasser            52°15,01' S  40°29,98'W  3795,9  
PS79/177-1   07.03.12  09:13  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            53°40,01' S  51°59,99'W  765,5  
PS79/177-1   07.03.12  09:29  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°40,05' S  51°59,88'W  762,7  
PS79/177-1   07.03.12  09:39  GO-FLO  an Deck              53°40,05' S  51°59,89'W  763,7  
PS79/177-2   07.03.12  12:36  GO-FLO  zu Wasser            53°48,48' S  52°21,45'W  331,7  
PS79/177-2   07.03.12  12:50  GO-FLO  am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,54' S  52°21,45'W  336,5  
PS79/177-2   07.03.12  12:55  GO-FLO  Hieven               53°48,55' S  52°21,41'W  339,2  
PS79/177-2   07.03.12  13:08  GO-FLO  an Deck              53°48,60' S  52°21,33'W  339,7  
PS79/177-3   07.03.12  13:14  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,56' S  52°21,32'W  340,7  
PS79/177-3   07.03.12  13:22  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,53' S  52°21,31'W  338,7  
PS79/177-3   07.03.12  13:24  MUC     Hieven               53°48,53' S  52°21,30'W  339,5  
PS79/177-3   07.03.12  13:31  MUC     an Deck              53°48,54' S  52°21,31'W  339,2  
PS79/177-4   07.03.12  13:41  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,54' S  52°21,30'W  341  
PS79/177-4   07.03.12  13:50  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,54' S  52°21,30'W  340,2  
PS79/177-4   07.03.12  13:51  MUC     Hieven               53°48,54' S  52°21,30'W  340,5  
PS79/177-4   07.03.12  13:59  MUC     an Deck              53°48,54' S  52°21,30'W  340,2  
PS79/177-5   07.03.12  14:09  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,55' S  52°21,33'W  339,2  
PS79/177-5   07.03.12  14:21  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,55' S  52°21,30'W  340,5  
PS79/177-5   07.03.12  14:22  MUC     Hieven               53°48,55' S  52°21,31'W  339,7  
PS79/177-5   07.03.12  14:29  MUC     an Deck              53°48,56' S  52°21,29'W  339,5  
PS79/177-6   07.03.12  14:39  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,57' S  52°21,29'W  348  
PS79/177-6   07.03.12  14:47  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,56' S  52°21,27'W  343  
PS79/177-6   07.03.12  14:58  MUC     an Deck              53°48,63' S  52°21,35'W  337,2  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  15:24  AGT     zu Wasser            53°48,61' S  52°20,04'W  339  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  15:36  AGT     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,53' S  52°21,04'W  331,2  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  15:43  AGT     Profil Anfang        53°48,52' S  52°21,47'W  336,5  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  15:53  AGT     Profil Ende          53°48,56' S  52°21,73'W  331  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  16:10  AGT     frei vom Grund       53°48,64' S  52°21,73'W  333  
PS79/177-7   07.03.12  16:23  AGT     an Deck              53°48,67' S  52°21,76'W  332,7  
PS79/177-8   07.03.12  16:51  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,56' S  52°21,31'W  340,7  
PS79/177-8   07.03.12  17:00  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,57' S  52°21,29'W  340,7  
PS79/177-8   07.03.12  17:01  MUC     Hieven               53°48,56' S  52°21,29'W  340,2  
PS79/177-8   07.03.12  17:02  MUC     frei vom Grund       53°48,56' S  52°21,29'W  340  
PS79/177-8   07.03.12  17:13  MUC     an Deck              53°48,53' S  52°21,32'W  337,2  
PS79/177-9   07.03.12  17:22  MUC     zu Wasser            53°48,52' S  52°21,37'W  331,7  
PS79/177-9   07.03.12  17:29  MUC     am Grund/ auf Tiefe  53°48,53' S  52°21,35'W  335,2  
PS79/177-9   07.03.12  17:31  MUC     Hieven               53°48,53' S  52°21,33'W  338,7  
PS79/177-9   07.03.12  17:32  MUC     frei vom Grund       53°48,53' S  52°21,32'W  338,2  
PS79/177-9   07.03.12  17:39  MUC     an Deck              53°48,56' S  52°21,24'W  338,2  



Die "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" (ISSN 1866-3192) werden 
beginnend mit dem Heft Nr. 569 (2008) als Open-Access-Publikation 
herausgegeben. Ein Verzeichnis aller Hefte einschließlich der 
Druckausgaben (Heft 377-568) sowie der frheren "Berichte zur 
Polarforschung" (Heft 1-376, von 1981 bis 2000) befindet sich im open 
access institutional repository for publications and presentations (ePIC) 
des AWI unter der URL http://epic.awi.de. Durch Auswahl "Reports on 
Polar- and Marine Research" (via "browse"/"type") wird eine Liste der 
Publikationen sortiert nach Heftnummer innerhalb der absteigenden 
chronologischen Reihenfolge der Jahrgänge erzeugt. 

To generate a list of all Reports past issues, use the following URL: 
http://epic.awi.de and select "browse"/"type" to browse "Reports on Polar 
and Marine Research". A chronological list in declining order, issues 
chronological, will be produced, and pdf-icons shown for open access 
download. 

Verzeichnis der zuletzt erschienenen Hefte: 

Heft-Nr. 649/2012 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Arctic in 2011 (ARK-XXVI/3 - TransArc)", edited by Ursula Schauer 

Heft-Nr. 650/2012 — "Combining stationary Ocean Models and mean dynamic 
Topography Data", by Grit Freiwald 

Heft-Nr. 651/2012 — "Phlorotannins as UV-protective substances in early 
developmental stages of brown algae", by Franciska S. Steinhoff 

Heft-Nr. 652/2012 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/4)", edited by Magnus Lucassen 

Heft-Nr. 653/2012 — "Joint Russian-German Polygon Project East Siberia 
2011 - 2014: The expedition Kytalyk 2011", edited by Lutz Schirrmeister, 
Lyudmila Pestryakova, Sebastian Wetterich and Vladimir Tumskoy 

Heft-Nr. 654/2012 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/5)", edited by Karl Bumke 

Heft-Nr. 655/2012 — "Expeditions to Permafrost 2012: 'Alaskan North Slope 
/ Itkillik', 'Thermokarst in Central Yakutia' and 'EyeSight-NAAT-Alaska', 
edited by Jens Strauss, Mathias Ulrich and Marcel Buchhorn 

Heft-Nr. 656/2012 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Sonne' to the 
Manihiki Plateau in 2012 (So 224)", edited by Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben 

Heft-Nr. 657/2012 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Antarctic in 2011 (ANT-XXVIII/1) ", edited by Saad El Naggar 

Heft-Nr. 658/2013 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Arctic in 2012 (ARK-XXVII/2)", edited by Thomas Soltwedel 

Heft-Nr. 659/2013 — "Changing Polar Regions - 25th International Congress 
on Polar Research, March 17-22, 2013, Hamburg, Germany, German Society 
for Polar Research", edited by Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Heidemarie Kassens, 
and Ralf Tiedeman 

Heft-Nr. 660/2013 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Arctic in 2012 (ARK-XXVII/1)", edited by Agnieszka Beszczynska-
Möller 

Heft-Nr. 661/2013 — "The Expedition of the Research Vessel 'Polarstern' 
to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/3)", edited by Dieter Wolf-Gladrow 





CCHDO Data Processing Notes

• File Merge Carolina Berys
BzPM_0661_2013_ANT-XXVIII_3.pdf (download) #fd5dd 
Date: 2019-05-22 
Current Status: merged

• File Merge Jerry Kappa
06AQ20120107_do.pdf (download) #9dedb 
Date: 2019-05-22 
Current Status: dataset

• File Submission Jerry Kappa
06AQ20120107_do.pdf (download) #9dedb 
Date: 2019-05-22 
Current Status: dataset 
Notes
The .pdf version of the cruise report for A12_2012 is ready for the CCHDO 
Data Set.  It includes all of the PI-provided data reports as well as 
CCHDO summary pages and data processing notes.

• File Online Carolina Berys
06AQ20120107.exc.csv (download) #89368 
Date: 2019-05-20 
Current Status: unprocessed

• File Online Carolina Berys
BzPM_0661_2013_ANT-XXVIII_3.pdf (download) #fd5dd 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: merged

• File Online Carolina Berys
A 12_06AQ20120107.exc.csv (download) #0f56e 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: unprocessed

• File Online Carolina Berys
06AQ20120107.jpg (download) #f4075 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: unprocessed

• File Submission Carolina Berys
06AQ20120107.jpg (download) #f4075 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: unprocessed 
Notes
Bottle file, Cruise Report, and cruise track downloaded on 2019-03-11 
from https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/CLIVAR/A12_06AQ20120107/

• File Submission Carolina Berys
BzPM_0661_2013_ANT-XXVIII_3.pdf (download) #fd5dd 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: merged 
Notes
Bottle file, Cruise Report, and cruise track downloaded on 2019-03-11 
from https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/CLIVAR/A12_06AQ20120107/

• File Submission Carolina Berys
A 12_06AQ20120107.exc.csv (download) #0f56e 
Date: 2019-03-11 
Current Status: unprocessed 
Notes
Bottle file, Cruise Report, and cruise track downloaded on 2019-03-11 
from https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/CLIVAR/A12_06AQ20120107/

• File Submission Robert Key

BzPM_0661_2013_ANT-XXVIII_3.pdf (download) #fd5dd 
Date: 2017-02-23 
Current Status: merged 
Notes
Cruise report for ANT XXVIII_3
06AQ20120107

• File Submission Robert Key
06AQ20120107.exc.csv (download) #89368 
Date: 2017-02-23 
Current Status: unprocessed 
Notes
ANT XXVIII_3
06AQ20120107
A12 with extra stations in Weddell Sea