TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8 OR 16 AND USE YOUR BACK BUTTON TO RE-LOAD CRUISE REPORT: SR03 (Updated AUG 2012) HIGHLIGHTS Cruise Summary Information WOCE Section Designation SR03 Expedition designation (ExpoCodes) 09AR20080322 Alias au0806, 09AR0806 Chief Scientists Steve Rintoul / CSIRO Dates Mar 22, 2008 - Apr 17, 2008 Ship R/V Aurora Australis Ports of call Hobart, Tasmania 43° 59.92' S Geographic Boundaries 139° 38.93' E 146° 19.56' E 65° 48.37' S Stations 73 Floats and drifters deployed 5 ARGO floats deployed Moorings deployed or recovered 0 Recent Contact Information: Steve Rintoul CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Phone: 61 3 6232 5393 • Alt Phone: 61 4 1755 5962 Email: Steve.Rintoul@csiro.au Aurora Australis Marine Science Cruises AU0803 and AU0806 - Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis MARK ROSENBERG (ACE CRC, Hobart) and STEVE RINTOUL (CSIRO CMAR) May, 2010 I INTRODUCTION Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard Aurora Australis cruises au0803 (voyage 3 2007/2008, 16th December 2007 to 27th January 2008) and au0806 (voyage 6 2007/2008, 22nd March 2008 to 17th April 2008). Cruise au0803 focused on the Antarctic continental margin in the region of the Adélie Depression and on the southern end of the CLIVARIWOCE meridional repeat section SR3, as part of the CASO oceanographic and CEAMARC biological programs. Cruise au0806 completed the CASO oceanographic program, with a full occupation of the SR3 transect between Antarctica and Tasmania, and included GEOTRACES program trace metal work. This report discusses only the CASO oceanographic data from these cruises. CASO program objectives were: 1. to measure changes in water mass properties and inventories throughout the full ocean depth between Australia and Antarctica along 140°E (the CLIVAR/WOCE repeat section SR3), as part of a multi-national International Polar Year program to obtain a circumpolar snapshot of the Southern Ocean in austral summer 2007-8; 2. to estimate the transport of mass, heat and other properties south of Australia, and to compare results to previous occupations of the SR3 line and other sections in the Australian sector; 3. to deploy moorings near the Adélie Depression (142-145°E) as part of a joint Australia-France-Italy program to monitor changes in the properties and flow of Adélie Land Bottom Water; 4. to identify mechanisms responsible for variability in ocean climate south of Australia. The CASO program (with a full occupation of the SR3 transect) was originally scheduled for a single cruise. The shipping schedule was re-arranged following an unexpected period in drydock, due to a problem with the ship's thrusters, and as a result the CASO program was split over the two cruises. Several of the southern stations occupied on the first cruise au0803 were repeated on the second cruise au0806, to minimise the impact on the data set of the time gap between the cruises. A total of 131 CTD vertical profile stations were taken on au0803, and 73 CTD station were taken on au0806, most to within 20 metres of the bottom (Table 1). During the 2 cruises, over 2900 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement (Table 2) of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite and silicate), 18O, CFC's, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, 14C, dissolved organic carbon, density (i.e. analysis of the effect of water composition on water density), germanium/silica/boron isotopes, trace metals, neodymium, chlorophyll-a, cell counts, pigments, genetic analyses, and other biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP attached to the CTD package, while upper water column current profile data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. Data were also collected by the array of ship's underway sensors. This report describes the processing/calibration of the CTD data, and details the data quality. An offset correction is derived for the underway sea surface temperature and salinity data, by comparison with near surface CTD data. CTD station positions are shown in Figures 1 and 2, while CTD station information is summarised in Table 1. Mooring and drifter deployments/recoveries are summarised in Table 14. Mooring data from the Adélie Depression deployments are discussed in the mooring data reports Rosenberg (unpublished report, 2009) and Meijers (unpublished report, 2009). Further cruise itinerary/summary details can be found in the voyage leader reports (Australian Antarctic Division unpublished reports: Riddle, V3 2007/08 VL report; Rintoul, V6 2007/08 VL report). Hydrochemistry and CFC cruise reports are in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. 2 CTD INSTRUMENTATION SeaBird SBE9plus CTD serial 704, with dual temperature and conductivity sensors and a single SBE43 dissolved oxygen sensor (serial 0178, on the primary sensor pump line), was used for both cruises, mounted on a SeaBird 24 bottle rosette frame, together with a SBE32 24 position pylon and 22 x 10 litre General Oceanics Niskin bottles. The following additional sensors were mounted: * Tritech 500 kHz altimeter * Wetlabs ECO-AFL/FL fluorometer serial 296 * Biospherical Instruments photosynthetically active radiation (i.e. PAR) sensor * Sontek lowered ADCP (i.e. LADCP) with upward and downward looking transducer sets CTD data were transmitted up a 6 mm seacable to a SBE11plusV2 deck unit, at a rate of 24 Hz, and data were logged simultaneously on 2 PC's using SeaBird data acquisition software "Seasave". The LADCP was powered by a separate battery pack, and data were logged internally and downloaded after each CTD cast. Note that physical mounting of the upward looking LADCP transducer set requires removal of 2 Niskin bottles, thus only 22 Niskins were fitted for the cruises. The CTD deployment method was as follows: * CTD initially deployed down to ~10 to 20 m * after confirmation of pump operation, CTD returned up to just below the surface (depth dependent on sea state) * after returning to just below the surface, downcast proper commenced For most casts, the package was stopped for 5 minutes on the upcast at ~50 m above the bottom, for logging of LADCP bottom track data. Pre cruise temperature, conductivity and pressure calibrations were performed by the CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmoshperic Research calibration facility (Table 3) (April to May 2007). Manufacturer supplied calibrations were used for the dissolved oxygen, fluorometer and altimeter. PAR sensor data were uncalibrated (raw voltage data only). Final conductivity and dissolved oxygen calibrations derived from in situ Niskin bottle samples are listed later in the report. 3 CTD DATA PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION Preliminary CTD data processing was done at sea, to confirm correct functioning of instrumentation. Final processing of the data was done in Hobart. The first processing step is application of a suite of the SeaBird "Seasoft" processing programs to the raw data, in order to: * convert raw data signals to engineering units * remove the surface pressure offset for each station * realign the oxygen sensor with respect to time (note that conductivity sensor alignment is done by the deck unit at the time of data logging) * remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects * apply a low pass filter to the pressure data * flag pressure reversals * search for bad data (e.g. due to sensor fouling) For au0806, an additional processing step was done early on, running all data through the SeaBird data despiking program "wildedit". Further processing and data calibration were done in a UNIX environment, using a suite of fortran programs. Processing steps here include: * forming upcast burst CTD data for calibration against bottle data, where each upcast burst is the average of 10 seconds of data prior to each Niskin bottle firing * merging bottle and CTD data, and deriving CTD conductivity calibration coefficients by comparing upcast CTD burst average conductivity data with calculated equivalent bottle sample conductivities * forming pressure monotonically increasing data, and from there calculating 2 dbar averaged downcast CTD data * calculating calibrated 2 dbar averaged salinity from the 2 dbar pressure, temperature and conductivity values * deriving CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients by comparing bottle sample dissolved oxygen values (collected on the upcast) with CTD dissolved oxygen values from the equivalent 2 dbar downcast pressures * extracting the appropriate fluorescence data to assign to each 2 dbar bin Full details of the data calibration and processing methods are given in Rosenberg et al. (unpublished report), referred to hereafter as the CTD methodology. Additional processing steps, in particular for the fluorescence data, are discussed below in the results section. For calibration of the CTD oxygen data, whole profile fits were used for shallower stations, while split profile fits were used for deeper stations. Final station header information, including station positions at the start, bottom and end of each CTD cast, were obtained from underway data for the cruise (see section 5 below). Note the following for the station header information: * All times are UTC. * "Start of cast" information is at the commencement of the downcast proper, as described above. * "Bottom of cast" information is at the maximum pressure value. * "End of cast" information is when the CTD leaves the water at the end of the cast, as indicated by a drop in salinity values. * All bottom depth values are corrected for local sound speed, where sound speed values are calculated from the CTD data at each station. * "Bottom of cast" depths are calulated from CTD maximum pressure and altimeter values at the bottom of the casts. Lastly, data were converted to MATLAB format, and final data quality checking was done within MAT LAB. 4 CTD AND BOTTLE DATA RESULTS AND DATA QUALITY Data from the primary CTD sensor pair (temperature and conductivity) were used for both cruises. Suspect CTD 2 dbar averages are listed in Table 9, while suspect nutrient and dissolved oxygen bottle samples are listed in Tables 11 and 12 respectively. 4.1 Conductivity/salinity The conductivity calibration and equivalent salinity results for the cruises are plotted in Figures 3 and 4, and the derived conductivity calibration coefficients are listed in Tables 4 and 5. Station groupings used for the calibration are included in Table 4. International standard seawater batch numbers used for salinometer standardisation were as follows: au0803 stn 1-51 P147 (6th June 2006) stn 51-130 P148 (10th June 2006) (note: for station 51, P147 used for 300 dbar down to bottom, P148 used for top 200 dbar) au0806 station 1-8, 11-73 P147 (6th June 2006) station 9-10 P148 (10th June 2006) The salinometer (Guildline Autosal serial 62548) appeared stable throughout the cruises. Overall, CTD salinity for the cruises can be considered accurate to better than 0.0015 (PSS78). Close inspection of the vertical profiles of the bottle-CTD salinity difference values reveals a slight biasing for a few stations, mostly of the order 0.001 (PSS78), as follows: station bottle-CTD bias (PSS78) au0803 1 +0.0015 2,3,7,13,102 -0.001 (for 2,3: bottles all at 1000 dbar; 7,13,102 all shallow stations) 36 +0.0005 (a shallower station) 59,119 +0.001 (119: a shallow station) au0806 2,73 -0.0015 (73: a shallow station) 19,20,28,42 -0.0005 26 -0.001 44,66 +0.0005 This is most likely due to a combination of factors, including salinometer performance, and station groupings for shallow stations. There is no significant diminishing of overall CTD salinity accuracy. For au0803, a small pressure dependent salinity residual is evident for stations deeper than 2000 dbar (except for stations 2, 71 and 72). The magnitude of the residual is at most ~0.002 (PSS78) over the whole profile, with the trend a negative increase in bottle-CTD residual with depth. For au0806, there is no similar consistent residual evident, and a small pressure dependence can only be seen in the residuals for a few of the stations. For the first 58 stations on au0803, bad secondary conductivity readings often occurred in the top 100 m of the upcast. The connectors were cleaned after station 58, and only two further cases of bad secondary conductivity were seen, during stations 62 and 128. Note that secondary sensor data have not been used in the final data set. Bad salinity bottle samples (not deleted from the data files) are listed in Table 10. 4.2 Temperature Primary and secondary CTD temperature data ((t(p) and t(s) respectively)) for the cruises are compared in Figure 5. CTD upcast burst data, obtained at each Niskin bottle stop, are used for the comparison. From previous cruises (e.g. au0603 in Rosenberg, unpublished report, 2006), a very small pressure dependency of t(p)-t(s) for CTD704 of the order 0.0005°C is evident over the full ocean depth range. This value is the same for cruises au0803 and au0806, however t(p)-t(s) starts from an average value of ~-0.0005°C at the surface, decreasing to ~-0.001°C at the bottom, indicating an initial calibration offset between the two temperature sensors. The magnitude of the t(p)-t(s) pressure dependency is within the assumed temperature accuracy of 0.001°C (i.e. the accredited temperature accuracy of the CSIRO calibration facility). However without some temperature standard for comparison, it is unknown which of the temperature sensors provides more accurate data overall for cruises au0803 and au0806. For both cruises, data spikes in the secondary temperature were common at temperatures below 0°C, of no consequence in this case as primary sensor data were used. Note that this same behaviour has been observed on previous cruises. 4.3 Pressure For both cruises, surface pressure offsets for each cast (Table 6) were obtained from inspection of the data before the package entered the water. For au0806, data transmission errors initially caused some pressure spiking. The problem was fixed after retermination of the CTD wire (after station 3). 4.4 Dissolved oxygen au0803 CTD oxygen data for profiles deeper than 3000 dbar (i.e. stations 1, 55 to 71, and 127 to 130) were calibrated as split profile fits, while profiles shallower than 3000 dbar were calibrated as whole profile fits. Calibration results are plotted in Figure 6, and the derived calibration coefficients are listed in Table 7a. Overall the calibrated CTD oxygen agrees with the bottle data to well within 1% of full scale (where full scale is ~400 pmol/l above 1500 dbar, and ~260 pmol/l below 1500 dbar). The following stations had insufficient (or no) bottle samples for calibration of the CTD oxygen: 2, 3, 29, 37, 90, 92, 112-118, 131 For the split profile calibration of stations 56 and 69, the CTD methodology rules were varied, with increased bottle overlap between the shallow and deep fits, and merging of the fits at 1000 dbar rather than the usual 1500 dbar. au0806 CTD oxygen data were calibrated using split profile fits, as per the CTD methodology. Calibration results are plotted in Figure 6, and the derived calibration coefficients are listed in Table 7b. Overall the calibrated CTD oxygen agrees with the bottle data to well within 1% of full scale (where full scale is ~350 pmol/l above 1500 dbar, and ~260 pmol/l below 1500 dbar). Bottle overlaps between the shallow and deep fits were varied slightly for some stations, while merging of the fits was changed to 2500 dbar for station 60, 2000 dbar for station 64, and 1000 dbar for station 65. For stations 15 and 55, whole profile fits were required to improve the calibration for the top part of the profile. For stations 47 and 64, CTD oxygen accuracy is reduced for most of the top half of the profile (Table 9), due to sparse bottle samples. 4.5 Fluorescence, PAR, altimeter All fluorescence data for the cruises have a calibration, as supplied by the manufacturer (Table 3), applied to the data. PAR sensor data are uncalibrated, and supplied as raw voltages. The data have not been verified by linkage to other data sources (e.g. chlorophyll-a concentration data, particulate data, etc). In the CTD 2 dbar averaged data files, both downcast and upcast data are supplied for fluorescence and PAR. In these files, fluorescence data are not in fact averages: they are the minimum value within each 2 dbar bin, providing a profile "envelope" which minimizes the spikiness of the data. In the bottle data files, fluorescence (and PAR) values are the averages of 10 second bursts of CTD data, and thus include all the data spikes within each 10 second averaging period. For comparison with Niskin bottle data, these 10 second averages best represent (short of referring to the full 24 Hz data) what the Niskin bottle is sampling as the package moves up and down with the swell prior to bottle closure. Note that these fluorescence data are different to the data in the CTD 2 dbar averaged files (described above). For the Tritech 500 kHz altimeter used on both cruises, on some stations a false bottom reading was obtained before coming within the nominal altimeter range of 50 m. This false bottom could be due to detection of the echo from the previous altimeter ping, or alternatively a combination of a good echo return from the bottom and a slightly better range in cold water. As a result of this behaviour, the real bottom was missed for a few stations. Note that similar behaviour for Tritech 500 kHz altimeters has been observed elsewhere (RV Tangaroa). 4.6 Nutrients Nutrients measured on the cruises were phosphate, total nitrate (i.e. nitrate+nitrite), and silicate, using a Lachat autoanalyser. Some nitrite analyses were done on au0806, but only for the trace metal related nutrient samples (not discussed here). Suspect nutrient values not deleted from the bottle data files are listed in Table 11. Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data are shown in Figure 7. Note that most values are an average of two repeat analyses. Also note that full scale for phosphate, nitrate and silicate are respectively 3.0 pmol/l, 35 pmol/l, and 140 pmol/l. Overall, silicate data are the cleanest, while nitrate data have the most inaccuracies (Table 11). For au0803, much of the nitrate data set has a reduced accuracy, in part because suspect analyses were not identified in time to allow repeat analysis runs. Specifically, for au0803 stations 1 to 29 and 38 to 54, nitrate values may be inaccurate by up to 3% of full scale. At the time of writing, the CSIRO hydrochemists advise that nitrate results may improve for future cruises, with the added pre-analysis step of warming the sample and thus bringing all the samples to a constant temperature for analysis. Phosphate data appeared mostly okay, however the most surprising result is the consistent offset between au0806/au0803 phosphates and phosphates from previous cruises (Figures 8 and 9), with au0806/au0803 values ~0.13 pmol/l larger (i.e. ~4.3% of full scale). This offset is most likely due to the new data processing techniques for the Lachat data as compared to the old Alpkem system (Bec Cowley, CSIRO, pers. comm.), with the new data (i.e. au0803/au0806) assumed to be correct. The only way to completely confirm this would be to run old Alpkem data through the new data processing routines. Unfortunately, the resources to do this are currently unavailable. 4.7 Additional CTD data processing/quality notes * au0803 station 7: the CTD broke the surface and the pumps switched off before the last bottle stop at 5 dbar. The package was lowered back down to 7 dbar, and the bottles were fired after the pumps were back on. * au0803 station 14: no salinity bottle samples - they were mistakenly poured out, and the bottles used for sampling station 15. * au0803 station 60: touched the bottom - upcast data all okay * au0803 station 127: after firing bottle 20, the CTD was accidentally raised out of the water. The package was lowered back down to 10 dbar, and the last bottle was fired after the pumps were back on. * au0806 station 15: primary sensors fouled when package hit the bottom - all upcast primary sensor data are bad. * In the WOCE "Exchange" format bottle data file for both cruises, a laboratory temperature of 20.5°C was used for conversion of nutrient units from pmol/l to pmol/kg. 5 UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS Underway data were logged to an Oracle database on the ship. Quality control for the cruises was largely automated. 12 kHz bathymetry data for au0803 were quality controlled on the cruise (Belinda Ronai, AAD programmer), however the usual quality control steps were not applied for the au0806 bathymetry data. 1 minute instantaneous underway data are contained in the files au0803.ora and au0806.ora as column formatted text; and in the files au0803ora.mat and au0806ora.mat as matlab format. A correction for the hull mounted temperature sensor and the thermosalinograph salinity was derived by comparing the underway data to CTD temperature and salinity data at 8 dbar, for cruise au0803 (Figures 10a and b) and cruise au0806 (Figures 11a and b). The following corrections were then applied to the underway data: au0803 T = T(dis) - 0.013 S = S(dis) + 0.055 au0806 T = T(dis) - 0.007 S: no correction required for corrected underway temperature and salinity T and S respectively, and uncorrected values T(dis) and S(dis). For au0803 underway salinity data, the split horizontal grouping of data points (Figure 10b) appears to be underway salinity calibration shifts in time throughout the cruise. 6 INTERCRUISE COMPARISONS Historical comparisons Intercruise comparisons of dissolved oxygen and nutrient data on neutral density (i.e. γ) surfaces are shown in bulk plots, comparing au0806 and au0103 (Figure 9a), and au0806 and au9601 (Figure 9b). Coinciding station profiles for au0803 and au0103 are compared in Figure 8 (the comparison in this case is not done on γ surfaces, as the spread of γ values is restricted for these southern stations). The most obvious difference is for phosphate (as discussed in section 4.6 above), with au0806 phosphate values higher than au0103 and au9601 by ~0.13 µmol/l, and au0803 similarly higher than au0103. For the au0806/au0103/au9601 comparisons (Figures 9a and b), nitrate values for the 3 cruises all agree to within ~1%; the average silicate difference between cruises is ~0.5 µmol/l for au0806 and au0103, and ~5.0 µmol/l for au0806 and au9601, with au0806 higher in both cases; and au0806 dissolved oxygen values are lower than au0103 and au9601 by ~4 µmol/l. For the au0803/au0103 comparison (Figure 8), there's no obvious offsets for nitrate, silicate and oxygen. Examination of plots for individual stations (not shown here) for these 2 cruises show a variable nitrate comparison (sometimes good), good silicate comparison, and au0803 oxygen values sometimes lower than au0103 values by ~1%. au0803/au0806 station overlaps Nutrient and dissolved oxygen profiles for overlap (i.e. coinciding) stations on au0803 and au0806 are shown in Figures 12a to f. Silicate and dissolved oxygen comparisons below 800 dbar are mostly okay,although there are some noticeable silicate differences in Figures 12c, d and f. Phosphate and nitrate differences are more often apparent, with the most obvious difference for phosphate in Figures 12e and f - in this case the maximum difference is ~1 µmol/l, or ~3% of full scale. REFERENCES Meijers, A., unpublished. Polynya 2007/O8ADCP Heading Correction. CSIRO CMAR, unpublished report, December 2009. 27 pp. Rosenberg, M., unpublished. BROKE West Survey, Marine Science Cruise AU0603 - Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis. ACE Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report, July 2006. 24 pp. Rosenberg, M., unpublished. POL YNYA2007 Mooring Array - ADCP and Pole Compass Data. ACE Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report, July 2009. 22 pp. Rosenberg, M., Fukamachi, Y., Rintoul, S., Church, J., Curran, C., Helmond, I., Miller, K., McLaughlan, D., Berry, K., Johnston, N. and Richman, J., unpublished. Kerguelen Deep Western Boundary Current Experiment and CLIVAR I9 transect, marine science cruises AU0304 and AU0403 - oceanographic field measurements and analysis. ACE Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report. 78 pp. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to all scientific personnel who participated in the cruises, and to the crew of the RSV Aurora Australis. Special thanks to the oceanography team for a great job collecting the data. Table 1a: Summary of station information for cruise au0803. All times are UTC; "PULSE", "SAZC", "POLYNYA-WEST", "POLYNYA-CENTRAL" and "POLYNYA- EAST" are all mooring locations; "ICEBERG" = samples near a large iceberg (B-17A); "for the Jeff's" is a large volume sample for genetic analyses; "alt" = minimum altimeter value (m), "maxp" = maximum pressure (dbar). (see .sum file or PDF version.) Table 2a: Cruise au0803 summary of samples drawn from Niskin bottles at each station, including "sal" = salinity, "oxy" = dissolved oxygen, "nuts" = nutrients (i.e. phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), "CFC" = chlorofluorocarbons, "CO2" = dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, "18O", and "gen" = large volume sample for genetic analyses. Note: biological samples (except for "gen") not included here. stn sal oxy nuts CFC CO2 ge 18O gen --- --- --- ---- --- --- -- --- --- 1 X X X X X X 2 X 3 X X 4 X X X X X 5 X X X X X 6 X X X X X X 7 X X X X X 8 X X X X X 9 X X X X X X 10 X X X X X 11 X X X X X 12 X X X X X X 13 X X X X X 14 X X X X X 15 X X X X X X X 16 X X X X X X 17 X X X X X X X 18 X X X X X X X 19 X X X X X 20 X X X X X 21 X X X X X X 22 X X X X X X 23 X X X X X X 24 X X X X X 25 X X X X X 26 X X X X X X 27 X X X X X X 28 X X X X X X X 29 X X X X X 30 X X X X X X 31 X X X X X X 32 X X X X X X X 33 X X X X X X 34 X X X X X X 35 X X X X X X 36 X X X X X X 37 X X X X X stn sal oxy nuts CFC CO2 ge 18O gen --- --- --- ---- --- --- -- --- --- 38 X X X X X X X 39 X X X X X 40 X X X X X 41 X X X X X X 42 X X X X X 43 X X X X X 44 X X X X X 45 X X X X X X 46 X X X X X 47 X X X X X 48 X X X X X 49 X X X X X X 50 X X X X X X 51 X X X X X X X 52 X X X X X X 53 X X X X X X 54 X X X X X X 55 X X X X X X 56 X X X X X X 57 X X X X X X 58 X X X X X X 59 X X X X X X 60 X X X X X X X 61 X X X X X X 62 X X X X X X 63 X X X X X X 64 X X X X X X 65 X X X X X X 66 X X X X X X X 67 X X X X X X 68 X X X X X X 69 X X X X X X X 70 X X X X X X 71 X X X X X X 72 X X X X X X 73 X X X X X X 74 X X X X X X stn sal oxy nuts CFC CO2 ge 18O gen --- --- --- ---- --- --- -- --- --- 75 X X X X X X 76 X X X X X X 77 X X X X X X X 78 X X X X X X 79 X X X X X X 80 X X X X X 81 X X X X X X 82 X X X X X 83 X X X X X X 84 X X X X X 85 X X X X X 86 X X X X X X 87 X X X X X X 88 X X X X X X 89 X X X X X X 90 X X X X 91 X X X X X X 92 X X X X 93 X X X X X X 94 X X X X X 95 X X X X X 96 X X X X X 97 X X X X X 98 X X X X X 99 X X X X X 100 X X X X X 101 X X X X X X 102 X X X X X 103 X X X X X stn sal oxy nuts CFC CO2 ge 18O gen --- --- --- ---- --- --- -- --- --- 104 X X X X X 105 X X X X X 106 X X X X X 107 X X X X X 108 X X X X X 109 X X X X X 110 X X X X X 111 X X X X X 112 X X 113 X X 114 X X 115 X X 116 X X 117 X X 118 X X 119 X X X X X 120 X X X X X X 121 X X X X X X 122 X X X X X X 123 X X X X X X 124 X X X X X X 125 X X X X X X 126 X X X X X X X 127 X X X X X X 128 X X X X X X 129 X X X X X X 130 X X X X X X 131 X Table 2b: Cruise au0806 summary of samples drawn from Niskin bottles (except for "NIWA") at each station, including "sal" salinity, "ox"dissolved oxygen, "nuts"=nutrients (i.e. phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), "CFC"=chlorofluorocarbons, "CO2"=dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, "14C", "DOC"=dissolved organic carbon, "18O", "dens"=analysis of the effect of water composition on water density, "ge"=germanium/silica/boron isotopes, "NIWA"=trace metal rosette deployed from trawldeck, "TM"=trace metal bottles on CTD package, "chla"=chlorophyll-a, "cell #"=cell counts, "pig"=pigments, and "Nd"=neodymium. stn sal ox nuts CFC CO2 14C DOC 18O dens ge NIWA TM chl-a cell# pig Nd Comments 1 X X X CTD test 2 X X X X CTD test 3 Test of TM Niskins 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5 X X X X X X X X 6 X X X X X X X 7 X X X X X X X X X X X 8 X X X X X X X X X 9 X X X X X X X 10 X X X X X X X 11 X X X X X X X X near iceberg 12 X X X X X X X X 13 X X X X X X X X X X 14 X X X X X X X X X 15 X X X X X X X X X 16 X X X X X X X X X XBT 17 X X X X X X X X X 18 X X X X X X X 19 X X X X X X X X X X X 20 X X X X X X X X X X 21 X X X X X X X X X X XBT 22 X X X X X X X 23 X X X X X X X X 24 X X X X X X X X X X X 25 X X X X X X X X X XBT 26 X X X X X X X X X X 27 X X X X X X X 28 X X X X X X X X X 29 X X X X X X X X X X X X 30 X X X X X X X XBT 31 X all bottles at 80 m for C. Hassler 32 X X X X X X X X X X X X 33 X X X X X X X Argo 2948 34 X X X X X X X X X X 35 X X X X X X X X X X 36 X X X X X X X X X 37 X X X X X X X oxy-isotope to compare with u/w; XBT 38 X X X X X X X X X 39 X X X X X X 40 X X X X X X X X X 41 X X X X X X X X X Argo 2953 42 X X X X X X X 43 X X X X X 44 X X X X X X X X X X X 45 X X X X X X XBT 46 X X X X X 47 X X X X X X X X X 48 X X X X X 49 X X X X X X 50 X X X X X X X Argo 2944; 1 TM bottle at chl max 51 X X X X X X X X X 52 X X X X X X XBT 53 X X X X X X X 54 X X X X X X X X X 55 X X X X X X X 56 X X X X X X X X X 57 X X X X X X 58 X X X X X X X XBT 59 X X X X X X X X X Argo 2952 60 X X X X X X X X 61 X X X X X X 62 X X X X X X X X X X X 63 X X X X X XBT 64 X X X X X X X X X X 65 X X X X X 66 X X X X X X X X 67 X X X X X X X X X X 68 X X X X X X X X 69 X X X X X X X X X X X Argo 2950; 1 TM bottle at chl max; oxy-isotope for comp u/w 70 X X X X X X X X X 71 X X X X X X X X X 72 X X X X X X TM bottle near chl max 73 X X X X X X X X X Table 3: CTD serial 704 calibration coefficients and calibration dates for cruises au0803 and au0806 (same calibrations used for both cruises). Note that platinum temperature calibrations are for the ITS-90 scale. Pressure slope/offset, temperature and conductivity values are from the CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research calibration facility. Remaining values are manufacturer supplied. Primary Temperature, serial 4248, 17/04/2007 Secondary Temperature, serial 4246, 17/04/2007 G : 4.3877775e-003 G : 3.9792192e-003 H : 6.5187583e-004 H : 6.2190883e-004 I : 2.3855632e-005 I : 1.8759246e-005 J : 1.9839367e-006 J : 1.5805230e-006 FO : 1000.000 FO : 1000.000 Slope : 1.00000000 Slope : 1.00000000 Offset : 0.0000 Offset : 0.0000 Primary Conductivity, serial 2977, 17/04/2007 Secondary Conductivity, serial 2808, 17/04/2007 G :-1.0711335e+001 G :-9.2855258e+000 H : 1.4782696e+000 H : 1.4251822+000 1 : 1.9940078e-003 I :-5.9428225e-005 J :-7.6134805e-005 J : 8.6006408e-005 Clcor : 3.2500e-006 Clcor : 3.2500e-006 Cpcor :-9.57000000e-008 Cpcor :-9.57000000e-008 Slope : 1.00000000 Slope : 1.00000000 Offset : 0.00000 Offset : 0.00000 Pressure, serial 89084, 30/05/2007 Oxygen, serial 0178, 11/05/2007 C1 :-5.337692e+004 Soc : 5.5760e-001 C2 :-5.768735e-001 Boc : 0.0000 C3 : 1.541700e-002 Offset :-0.4930 D1 : 3.853800e-002 Tcor : 0.0099 D2 : 0.000000e+000 Pcor : 1.350e-004 T1 : 2.984003e+001 Tau : 0.0 12 :-4.090591e-004 13 : 3.693030e-006 Fluorometer, serial 296, 23/05/2005 14 : 3.386020e-009 Vblank : 0.12 15 : 0.000000e+000 Scale factor : 7.000e+000 Slope : 0.99992139 Offset : 0.8298967 AD59OM : 1.283280e-002 AD590B :-9.705660e+000 Table 4: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients for cruises au0803 and au0806. F1, F2 and F3 are respectively conductivity bias, slope and station-dependent correction calibration terms. n is the number of samples retained for calibration in each station grouping; is the standard deviation of the conductivity residual for the n samples in the station grouping. stn grouping F1 F2 F3 n σ au0803 001 to 031 -0.58395229E-03 0.99998139E-03 0.20686489E-09 283 0.000997 032 to 051 0.10130006E-02 0.99995148E-03 -0.16019067E-08 166 0.000615 052 to 075 0.30777776E-02 0.99975509E-03 0.21164851E-09 459 0.000603 076 to 101 0.87620023E-03 0.99985717E-03 0.25587303E-09 177 0.000682 102 to 131 0.38699061E-02 0.99980105E-03 -0.37596166E-09 272 0.000641 au0806 001 to 010 0.10342055E-01 0.99968467E-03 -0.97792982E-08 135 0.000861 011 to 028 -0.19794018E-02 0.10000440E-02 -0.16522113E-08 312 0.000735 029 to 038 -0.18389307E-01 0.10006718E-02 -0.40139781E-08 170 0.000476 039 to 052 -0.16136552E-02 0.99999518E-03 -0.23017785E-09 261 0.000502 053 to 061 -0.22156146E-02 0.99992538E-03 0.12127648E-08 172 0.000649 062 to 073 0.12520987E-03 0.99985758E-03 0.81101976E-09 193 0.000838 Table 5: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3. N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope and station-dependent correction calibration terms respectively, for cruises au0803 and au0806. station (F2 + F3. N) station (F2 + F3. N) station (F2 + F3. N) station (F2 + F3. N) number number number number -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- au0803 1 0.99998160E-03 34 0.99977957E-03 67 0.99980732E-03 100 0.99980546E-03 2 0.99998180E-03 35 0.99977818E-03 68 0.99980758E-03 101 0.99980548E-03 3 0.99998201E-03 36 0.99977679E-03 69 0.99980784E-03 102 0.99980345E-03 4 0.99998222E-03 37 0.99977540E-03 70 0.99980810E-03 103 0.99980298E-03 5 0.99998242E-03 38 0.99977401E-03 71 0.99980837E-03 104 0.99980251E-03 6 0.99998263E-03 39 0.99977261E-03 72 0.99980863E-03 105 0.99980204E-03 7 0.99998284E-03 40 0.99977122E-03 73 0.99980889E-03 106 0.99980157E-03 8 0.99998304E-03 41 0.99976983E-03 74 0.99980915E-03 107 0.99980110E-03 9 0.99998325E-03 42 0.99976844E-03 75 0.99980941E-03 108 0.99980063E-03 10 0.99998346E-03 43 0.99976705E-03 76 0.99980490E-03 109 0.99980016E-03 11 0.99998366E-03 44 0.99976566E-03 77 0.99980493E-03 110 0.99979969E-03 12 0.99998387E-03 45 0.99976427E-03 78 0.99980495E-03 111 0.99979922E-03 13 0.99998408E-03 46 0.99976288E-03 79 0.99980497E-03 112 0.99979875E-03 14 0.99998429E-03 47 0.99976149E-03 80 0.99980500E-03 113 0.99979828E-03 15 0.99998449E-03 48 0.99976010E-03 81 0.99980502E-03 114 0.99979781E-03 16 0.99998470E-03 49 0.99975871E-03 82 0.99980504E-03 115 0.99979734E-03 17 0.99998491E-03 50 0.99975732E-03 83 0.99980506E-03 116 0.99979687E-03 18 0.99998511E-03 51 0.99975593E-03 84 0.99980509E-03 117 0.99979640E-03 19 0.99998532E-03 52 0.99980340E-03 85 0.99980511E-03 118 0.99979593E-03 20 0.99998553E-03 53 0.99980366E-03 86 0.99980513E-03 119 0.99979546E-03 21 0.99998573E-03 54 0.99980392E-03 87 0.99980516E-03 120 0.99979499E-03 22 0.99998594E-03 55 0.99980418E-03 88 0.99980518E-03 121 0.99979452E-03 23 0.99998615E-03 56 0.99980444E-03 89 0.99980520E-03 122 0.99979405E-03 24 0.99998635E-03 57 0.99980471E-03 90 0.99980523E-03 123 0.99979358E-03 25 0.99998656E-03 58 0.99980497E-03 91 0.99980525E-03 124 0.99979311E-03 26 0.99998677E-03 59 0.99980523E-03 92 0.99980527E-03 125 0.99979264E-03 27 0.99998697E-03 60 0.99980549E-03 93 0.99980529E-03 126 0.99979217E-03 28 0.99998718E-03 61 0.99980575E-03 94 0.99980532E-03 127 0.99979170E-03 29 0.99998739E-03 62 0.99980601E-03 95 0.99980534E-03 128 0.99979123E-03 30 0.99998760E-03 63 0.99980627E-03 96 0.99980536E-03 129 0.99979076E-03 31 0.99998780E-03 64 0.99980654E-03 97 0.99980539E-03 130 0.99979029E-03 32 0.99978235E-03 65 0.99980680E-03 98 0.99980541E-03 131 0.99979029E-03 33 0.99978096E-03 66 0.99980706E-03 99 0.99980543E-03 Table 5 (continued) station (F2 + F3. N) station (F2 + F3. N) station (F2 + F3 . N) station (F2 + F3. N) number number number number -------------------- -------------------- --------------------- -------------------- au0806 1 0.99967489E-03 20 0.10000109E-02 39 0.99998620E-03 58 0.99999572E-03 2 0.99966511E-03 21 0.10000093E-02 40 0.99998597E-03 59 0.99999693E-03 3 0.99965533E-03 22 0.10000076E-02 41 0.99998574E-03 60 0.99999815E-03 4 0.99964555E-03 23 0.10000060E-02 42 0.99998551E-03 61 0.99999936E-03 5 0.99963577E-03 24 0.10000043E-02 43 0.99998528E-03 62 0.99990787E-03 6 0.99962599E-03 25 0.10000026E-02 44 0.99998505E-03 63 0.99990868E-03 7 0.99961621E-03 26 0.10000010E-02 45 0.99998482E-03 64 0.99990949E-03 8 0.99960643E-03 27 0.99999934E-03 46 0.99998459E-03 65 0.99991030E-03 9 0.99959665E-03 28 0.99999769E-03 47 0.99998436E-03 66 0.99991111E-03 10 0.99958687E-03 29 0.10005554E-02 48 0.99998413E-03 67 0.99991192E-03 11 0.10000258E-02 30 0.10005513E-02 49 0.99998390E-03 68 0.99991273E-03 12 0.10000241E-02 31 0.10005473E-02 50 0.99998367E-03 69 0.99991354E-03 13 0.10000225E-02 32 0.10005433E-02 51 0.99998344E-03 70 0.99991435E-03 14 0.10000208E-02 33 0.10005393E-02 52 0.99998321E-03 71 0.99991516E-03 15 0.10000192E-02 34 0.10005353E-02 53 0.99998966E-03 72 0.99991598E-03 16 0.10000175E-02 35 0.10005313E-02 54 0.99999087E-03 73 0.99991679E-03 17 0.10000159E-02 36 0.10005273E-02 55 0.99999208E-03 18 0.10000142E-02 37 0.10005232E-02 56 0.99999330E-03 19 0.10000126E-02 38 0.10005192E-02 57 0.99999451E-03 Table 6: Surface pressure offsets (i.e. poff, in dbar) for cruises au0803 and au0806. For each station, these values are subtracted from the pressure calibration "offset" value in Table 3. stn poff stn poff stn poff stn poff stn poff stn poff -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- --------- au0803 1 0.85 23 0.35 45 0.34 67 0.30 89 0.49 111 0.38 2 0.63 24 0.35 46 0.33 68 0.30 90 0.44 112 0.38 3 0.70 25 0.35 47 0.32 69 0.26 91 0.36 113 0.56 4 0.41 26 0.35 48 0.33 70 0.31 92 0.36 114 0.40 5 0.43 27 0.35 49 0.38 71 0.43 93 0.38 115 0.40 6 0.39 28 0.38 50 0.36 72 0.26 94 0.47 116 0.39 7 0.21 29 0.23 51 0.70 73 0.34 95 0.43 117 0.40 8 0.31 30 0.30 52 0.52 74 0.25 96 0.35 118 0.42 9 0.22 31 0.35 53 0.42 75 0.27 97 0.38 119 0.45 10 0.21 32 0.33 54 0.36 76 0.18 98 0.38 120 0.50 11 0.40 33 0.33 55 0.28 77 0.35 99 0.36 121 0.42 12 0.28 34 0.30 56 0.34 78 0.26 100 0.35 122 0.38 13 0.35 35 0.31 57 0.29 79 0.32 101 0.37 123 0.43 14 0.43 36 0.22 58 0.32 80 0.46 102 0.36 124 0.42 15 0.39 37 0.36 59 0.35 81 0.33 103 0.34 125 0.44 16 0.42 38 0.32 60 0.41 82 0.39 104 0.38 126 0.42 17 0.35 39 0.34 61 0.33 83 0.42 105 0.41 127 0.35 18 0.29 40 0.37 62 0.41 84 0.47 106 0.40 128 0.34 19 0.25 41 0.39 63 0.37 85 0.41 107 0.33 129 0.36 20 0.25 42 0.25 64 0.46 86 0.49 108 0.44 130 0.42 21 0.34 43 0.30 65 0.32 87 0.49 109 0.37 131 0.41 22 0.33 44 0.25 66 0.33 88 0.47 110 0.32 au0806 1 0.64 14 0.26 27 0.15 40 0.62 53 0.56 66 0.73 2 0.55 15 0.25 28 0.24 41 0.61 54 0.53 67 0.81 3 0.32 16 0.24 29 0.22 42 0.68 55 0.58 68 0.78 4 0.29 17 0.24 30 0.23 43 0.47 56 0.47 69 0.78 5 0.28 18 0.25 31 0.21 44 0.63 57 0.38 70 0.83 6 0.22 19 0.20 32 0.24 45 0.70 58 0.54 71 0.72 7 0.31 20 0.29 33 0.41 46 0.73 59 0.48 72 0.74 8 0.30 21 0.27 34 0.42 47 0.67 60 0.58 73 0.73 9 0.33 22 0.13 35 0.53 48 0.60 61 0.40 10 0.25 23 0.24 36 0.49 49 0.72 62 0.59 11 0.31 24 0.28 37 0.62 50 0.63 63 0.63 12 0.33 25 0.23 38 0.69 51 0.67 64 0.61 13 0.31 26 0.30 39 0.54 52 0.65 65 0.60 Table 7a: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients for cruise au0803: slope, bias, tcor (= temperature correction term), and pcor (= pressure correction term). dox is equal to 2.8σ, for σ as defined in the CTD Methodology. For deep stations, coefficients are given for both the shallow and deep part of the profile, according to the profile split used for calibration (see section 4.4 in the text); whole profile fit used for stations shallower than 3000 dbar (i.e. stations with only "shallow" set of coefficients in the table). ----------------------shallow----------------------- -----------------------deep------------------------- stn slope bias tcor pcor dox slope bias tcor pcor dox 1 0.427786 -0.109195 0.000207 0.000053 0.160493 0.511620 -0.274024 -0.009704 0.000141 0.028915 2 - - - - - 3 - - - - - 4 0.396565 0.019589 0.039588 0.000117 0.027455 5 0.453997 -0.177394 0.001822 0.000164 0.138066 6 0.499448 -0.293491 -0.006825 0.000178 0.160466 7 0.544851 -0.348060 0.033375 0.000259 0.087520 8 0.544475 -0.405101 -0.016203 0.000197 0.085409 9 0.496019 -0.276603 -0.006474 0.000167 0.137101 10 0.491001 -0.285224 -0.021460 0.000165 0.162961 11 0.147777 0.873420 0.199935 0.000098 0.139939 12 0.939544 -0.827988 0.293372 0.000631 0.060601 13 0.501571 -0.292480 -0.006325 0.000182 0.048954 14 0.267296 0.398080 0.080509 0.000081 0.073026 15 0.131919 0.800924 0.134249 0.000060 0.117454 16 0.411085 0.024984 0.066847 0.000163 0.049937 17 0.290371 0.311503 0.073016 0.000083 0.164172 18 0.443133 -0.138695 0.009369 0.000142 0.125920 19 0.168166 0.656547 0.114755 0.000061 0.198810 20 0.435798 -0.119904 0.006539 0.000128 0.053972 21 0.343123 0.166902 0.059556 0.000159 0.119368 22 0.237043 0.404171 0.044135 0.000008 0.122849 23 0.455684 -0.165324 -0.001963 0.000108 0.160522 24 0.672884 -0.774043 -0.064764 0.000322 0.076672 25 -0.002488 1.164684 0.181286 0.000046 0.163289 26 0.345443 0.147029 0.044360 0.000090 0.033190 27 0.141110 0.873845 0.186252 0.000081 0.096519 28 0.411367 -0.097003 -0.013050 0.000122 0.044179 29 0.292019 0.132401 0.006446 0.000151 1.103887 30 0.483799 -0.239807 0.000275 0.000149 0.049828 31 0.395769 -0.081870 -0.023461 0.000139 0.074950 32 0.319299 0.050204 -0.077567 0.000014 0.130802 33 0.235277 0.203090 -0.081038 0.000068 0.096836 34 0.264403 0.348819 0.065375 0.000090 0.142535 35 0.229465 0.509202 0.110287 0.000073 0.048907 36 0.006753 1.118414 0.173396 0.000049 0.146971 37 2.465381 -3.434575 1.699939 0.003934 40.000000 38 0.301852 0.105059 -0.040071 0.000113 0.113278 39 0.506500 -0.298438 -0.004573 0.000178 0.135575 40 0.511966 -0.302933 0.001777 0.000190 0.037394 41 0.487592 -0.247167 0.003351 0.000169 0.072285 42 0.486022 -0.243593 0.008495 0.000192 0.081831 43 0.450488 -0.155143 0.019422 0.000194 0.119587 44 0.448582 -0.148322 0.012332 0.000173 0.103154 45 0.699095 -0.835253 -0.106844 0.000153 0.193763 46 0.653069 -0.699342 -0.057316 0.000231 0.065666 47 0.501137 -0.288842 -0.006093 0.000177 0.028652 48 0.195627 0.404277 0.013678 0.000118 0.038744 49 0.487192 -0.244554 -0.003432 0.000131 0.089037 50 0.499763 -0.267175 0.008524 0.000150 0.161074 51 0.477771 -0.224296 -0.011882 0.000133 0.166323 52 0.485878 -0.242652 -0.003317 0.000140 0.075290 53 0.479074 -0.227028 -0.005280 0.000135 0.088561 54 0.506079 -0.272273 -0.011232 0.000141 0.243668 55 0.483132 -0.232550 -0.000419 0.000132 0.063574 0.407686 -0.267031 0.289103 0.000291 0.093203 56 0.548470 -0.390531 0.039545 0.000203 0.064740 0.401656 -0.098887 0.000059 0.000124 0.087820 57 0.490611 -0.247333 -0.004417 0.000139 0.108881 0.396913 -0.104758 0.011257 0.000131 0.030433 58 0.479044 -0.222276 -0.007713 0.000129 0.065433 0.596036 -0.401345 -0.032650 0.000146 0.052840 59 0.496370 -0.295049 0.028586 0.000170 0.069910 0.595972 -0.400855 -0.029573 0.000148 0.032392 60 0.479556 -0.267722 0.037237 0.000159 0.126566 0.707625 -0.598057 -0.030501 0.000190 0.057203 61 0.484116 -0.246964 0.006291 0.000146 0.073325 0.598801 -0.399279 -0.028252 0.000147 0.031858 62 0.478725 -0.206030 -0.017479 0.000120 0.085993 0.503993 -0.261647 -0.015010 0.000139 0.043235 63 0.495691 -0.269018 0.006700 0.000154 0.092143 0.396886 -0.104919 0.007120 0.000128 0.026750 64 0.500217 -0.263810 -0.001117 0.000140 0.056760 0.397704 -0.104362 0.007449 0.000128 0.054198 65 0.541553 -0.397330 0.059683 0.000198 0.096841 0.394254 -0.107307 0.012838 0.000132 0.037536 66 0.498587 -0.275431 0.009542 0.000152 0.060068 0.396055 -0.105827 0.010366 0.000129 0.036482 67 0.510197 -0.304109 0.018484 0.000162 0.057121 0.397366 -0.105356 0.011945 0.000129 0.055688 68 0.530144 -0.349579 0.029957 0.000181 0.107726 0.392304 -0.108990 0.025264 0.000137 0.048362 69 0.509907 -0.306472 0.016937 0.000173 0.122485 0.401112 -0.099102 -0.002997 0.000123 0.045209 70 0.505095 -0.282597 0.000589 0.000162 0.218064 0.395630 -0.105676 0.025164 0.000136 0.049641 71 0.509985 -0.283589 0.006800 0.000146 0.169907 0.471616 -0.223115 0.001687 0.000143 0.028223 72 0.482432 -0.231865 -0.005878 0.000137 0.083711 73 0.505279 -0.279058 -0.000189 0.000150 0.150684 74 0.481465 -0.225672 -0.004413 0.000134 0.062569 75 0.524538 -0.301987 0.012735 0.000146 0.174446 76 0.505363 -0.265795 0.003147 0.000134 0.141618 77 0.502571 -0.269278 0.005358 0.000156 0.162077 78 0.419799 0.015566 0.071293 0.000095 0.132452 79 0.502424 -0.283412 -0.032600 0.000035 0.096100 80 0.571638 -0.451273 -0.027189 0.000251 0.245243 81 0.428663 -0.095076 0.011234 0.000068 0.131499 82 0.541451 -0.379390 -0.016296 0.000210 0.197745 83 0.290858 0.187669 -0.020916 0.000014 0.044349 84 0.397764 0.006754 0.049587 0.000139 0.088052 85 0.506277 -0.286871 -0.008358 0.000132 0.042886 86 0.505565 -0.289249 -0.015641 0.000124 0.231313 87 1.357917 -2.652934 -0.245696 0.001774 0.096919 88 0.524251 -0.331085 0.002159 0.000216 0.056147 89 0.376260 0.134815 0.089438 0.000167 0.075452 90 0.043340 0.778305 0.005587 0.000357 1.395597 91 0.514559 -0.338379 -0.031105 0.000157 0.077061 92 2.699669 -3.778601 1.647994 0.002404 40.000000 93 0.504993 -0.287956 -0.005886 0.000166 0.136099 94 0.509077 -0.261018 0.023508 0.000151 0.077056 95 0.786538 -1.065292 -0.107391 0.000923 0.116465 96 0.405211 -0.027424 0.022046 0.000014 0.142171 97 0.510325 -0.300261 -0.012337 0.000149 0.130600 98 0.496192 -0.295052 -0.028993 0.000154 0.075303 99 0.495640 -0.226853 0.033796 0.000186 0.194735 100 0.449715 -0.131657 0.015547 0.000087 0.068003 101 0.599504 -0.503462 -0.003366 0.000334 0.076090 102 0.309664 0.214373 0.050825 0.000035 0.021747 103 0.331679 0.178087 0.060033 0.000003 0.105710 104 0.505952 -0.279626 0.005883 0.000214 0.159005 105 0.563717 -0.443363 -0.010933 0.000377 0.065222 106 0.518427 -0.309918 -0.010722 0.000147 0.229878 107 0.453489 -0.161833 0.007186 0.000097 0.096644 108 0.480002 -0.234451 -0.001761 0.000144 0.106974 109 0.506271 -0.290694 -0.003366 0.000171 0.124783 110 0.515126 -0.295734 0.010001 0.000146 0.064423 111 0.483913 -0.240877 -0.001201 0.000142 0.062955 112 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 113 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 114 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 115 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 116 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 117 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 118 0.504025 -0.288693 -0.001154 0.000185 0.257888 119 0.501612 -0.291546 -0.000324 0.000290 0.052654 120 0.596635 -0.526075 -0.031100 0.000323 0.059770 121 0.480031 -0.232975 -0.000969 0.000145 0.042451 122 0.497159 -0.273002 -0.001915 0.000156 0.217881 123 0.489093 -0.254015 0.001108 0.000148 0.079206 124 0.491604 -0.256011 0.001865 0.000147 0.122260 125 0.486684 -0.249000 0.011320 0.000148 0.142685 126 0.467237 -0.216801 0.012599 0.000145 0.143743 127 0.478361 -0.217157 -0.004490 0.000126 0.104614 0.439099 -0.245978 0.108481 0.000212 0.021771 128 0.483272 -0.239105 0.005983 0.000143 0.056201 0.501384 -0.226876 -0.041808 0.000115 0.024280 129 0.462102 -0.210926 0.018242 0.000139 0.195680 0.598549 -0.396806 -0.022955 0.000142 0.068609 130 0.485644 -0.182417 -0.042281 0.000100 0.103639 0.515231 -0.284480 0.005107 0.000144 0.057571 131 - - - - - Table 7b: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients for cruise au0806: slope, bias, tcor (= temperature correction term), and pcor (= pressure correction term). dox is equal to 2.8σ, for as defined in the CTD Methodology. Note that coefficients are given for both the shallow and deep part of the profile, according to the profile split used for calibration (see section 4.4 in the text). Note: split profile fit for all stations except stations 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 15, 31, 43, 61, 55, 71, 72, 73 i.e. stations with only "shallow" set of coefficients in the table. ----------------------shallow----------------------- -----------------------deep------------------------- stn slope bias tcor pcor dox slope bias tcor pcor dox 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 0.508776 -0.273201 -0.011471 0.000142 0.110065 0.600405 -0.397500 -0.025326 0.000143 0.063524 3 - - - - - 4 0.505697 -0.278160 0.007657 0.000145 0.043210 5 0.333585 -0.315013 -0.337127 0.000766 0.085714 6 0.526856 -0.255178 0.002441 0.000126 0.142496 7 0.520065 -0.262576 -0.003154 0.000138 0.084498 0.490205 -0.213292 -0.018789 0.000132 0.017054 8 0.481924 -0.235379 -0.002939 0.000140 0.088786 0.310536 0.087994 -0.093301 0.000074 0.028999 9 0.485480 -0.238436 0.003322 0.000134 0.083590 0.263042 0.174352 -0.086597 0.000062 0.019285 10 0.606841 -0.460837 0.026408 0.000205 0.111804 0.400785 -0.099495 0.012368 0.000134 0.011334 11 0.505571 -0.270593 -0.000625 0.000146 0.070104 12 0.462883 -0.199131 -0.020147 0.000136 0.158122 0.594195 -0.400973 -0.029473 0.000142 0.036920 13 0.418980 -0.067923 -0.059618 0.000077 0.077159 0.596687 -0.399043 -0.032540 0.000142 0.032200 14 0.394783 -0.010027 -0.079798 0.000063 0.085826 0.521109 -0.335618 0.027703 0.000181 0.017124 15 0.472172 -0.220414 -0.004343 0.000137 0.087030 16 0.498917 -0.227658 -0.017598 0.000126 0.112452 0.603583 -0.392855 -0.025521 0.000145 0.026751 17 0.492231 -0.276445 0.012883 0.000164 0.051366 0.396269 -0.105645 0.005848 0.000130 0.018647 18 0.473344 -0.250885 0.017368 0.000161 0.081829 0.590282 -0.462855 0.027442 0.000207 0.056324 19 0.487733 -0.234176 -0.011770 0.000132 0.030255 0.395437 -0.107796 0.006887 0.000129 0.030157 20 0.484946 -0.225467 -0.013550 0.000128 0.079913 0.594244 -0.401494 -0.024572 0.000155 0.036136 21 0.500344 -0.242851 -0.019528 0.000127 0.065213 0.395046 -0.107691 0.007377 0.000128 0.022729 22 0.472553 -0.236714 0.006665 0.000151 0.071519 0.397806 -0.105207 0.002917 0.000126 0.026907 23 0.505461 -0.263594 -0.014295 0.000141 0.062616 0.394691 -0.107612 0.009341 0.000129 0.018962 24 0.475872 -0.234145 0.001745 0.000145 0.057599 0.394377 -0.108254 0.011544 0.000129 0.026471 25 0.478477 -0.244532 0.002787 0.000152 0.063987 0.390732 -0.109746 0.014839 0.000133 0.038832 26 0.512866 -0.272591 -0.012252 0.000138 0.033533 0.400591 -0.106398 -0.000371 0.000123 0.033519 27 0.497377 -0.246612 -0.008604 0.000132 0.133012 0.397875 -0.104016 0.001676 0.000125 0.009705 28 0.471253 -0.227573 0.003057 0.000142 0.086009 0.395133 -0.107190 0.006884 0.000127 0.017861 29 0.482213 -0.241619 -0.000421 0.000143 0.080800 0.393293 -0.109002 0.009105 0.000129 0.017968 30 0.483658 -0.244516 -0.000238 0.000145 0.075609 0.348877 0.009350 -0.017120 0.000092 0.034411 31 - - - - - 32 0.490449 -0.245401 -0.004243 0.000138 0.044382 0.398542 -0.105960 0.002398 0.000123 0.034662 33 0.501184 -0.264360 -0.006076 0.000145 0.064026 0.382619 -0.043393 -0.019889 0.000098 0.034015 34 0.473654 -0.231275 0.002336 0.000145 0.081853 0.464778 -0.174895 -0.020445 0.000115 0.023617 35 0.433295 -0.181717 0.017012 0.000143 0.063874 0.570259 -0.410108 0.011288 0.000190 0.039388 36 0.486568 -0.235180 -0.004273 0.000134 0.048154 0.396917 -0.105851 0.005261 0.000126 0.018842 37 0.483625 -0.245650 0.000017 0.000150 0.073867 0.396355 -0.106028 0.004539 0.000127 0.017087 38 0.476831 -0.233804 0.001386 0.000144 0.027584 0.396559 -0.107388 0.004045 0.000129 0.021684 39 0.504775 -0.270337 -0.006006 0.000156 0.069707 0.597691 -0.403464 -0.005221 0.000142 0.007469 40 0.481891 -0.236869 -0.000976 0.000140 0.084324 0.075201 0.487900 0.088716 0.000136 0.022927 41 0.496789 -0.267664 -0.002605 0.000159 0.059421 0.398278 -0.109065 0.002083 0.000125 0.033421 42 0.481268 -0.233386 -0.001425 0.000136 0.019476 0.483325 -0.223084 -0.009731 0.000132 0.052914 43 0.507699 -0.315449 0.000663 0.000229 0.071641 44 0.503256 -0.252112 -0.008022 0.000131 0.072527 0.401089 -0.110755 0.001767 0.000123 0.041847 45 0.406835 -0.142450 0.015287 0.000129 0.127149 0.400283 -0.113415 0.000294 0.000127 0.045447 46 0.460665 -0.226358 0.005481 0.000154 0.079184 0.447890 -0.210366 0.009348 0.000152 0.051282 47 0.500191 -0.285075 -0.001131 0.000169 0.166280 0.519671 -0.296910 -0.000788 0.000150 0.042612 48 0.498770 -0.294080 0.000622 0.000193 0.105489 0.393991 -0.113277 0.001057 0.000135 0.020646 49 0.446185 -0.178508 0.003422 0.000122 0.050173 0.494746 -0.229211 -0.012182 0.000126 0.048459 50 0.456893 -0.155647 -0.002088 0.000082 0.113978 0.490728 -0.238930 -0.006471 0.000137 0.047679 51 0.441638 -0.157406 0.002268 0.000103 0.110426 0.425210 -0.210338 0.029027 0.000168 0.026662 52 0.497467 -0.286157 0.000428 0.000177 0.122029 0.606532 -0.381150 -0.027967 0.000141 0.057939 53 0.500734 -0.270555 -0.002417 0.000154 0.072047 0.439518 -0.214897 0.017495 0.000160 0.070478 54 0.500105 -0.279997 -0.001192 0.000162 0.053151 0.479229 -0.231567 -0.003251 0.000139 0.034726 55 0.516582 -0.276531 -0.005952 0.000139 0.089163 56 0.502699 -0.283525 -0.001509 0.000165 0.032949 0.468467 -0.192804 -0.013404 0.000124 0.017906 57 0.503555 -0.272149 -0.002596 0.000145 0.044277 0.597590 -0.392144 -0.028321 0.000178 0.020918 58 0.479714 -0.230930 -0.000781 0.000136 0.089947 0.396025 -0.039947 -0.033213 0.000089 0.050977 59 0.482486 -0.237386 -0.000445 0.000138 0.053674 0.754695 -0.262882 -0.157465 0.000027 0.016391 60 0.476167 -0.236585 0.000837 0.000144 0.080228 0.394528 -0.111298 -0.001087 0.000126 0.054844 61 0.483773 -0.233420 -0.000799 0.000127 0.040768 62 0.405656 -0.127278 0.008574 0.000117 0.087513 0.300367 -0.002163 0.016754 0.000123 0.037343 63 0.444342 -0.189243 0.004418 0.000131 0.052031 0.491681 -0.262053 0.002229 0.000148 0.033183 64 0.835837 -0.637368 -0.036325 0.000104 0.133658 0.377963 -0.098574 0.009008 0.000128 0.022884 65 0.537333 -0.219146 -0.013196 0.000019 0.057135 0.509517 -0.272425 -0.007086 0.000144 0.057215 66 0.475925 -0.231014 0.000852 0.000131 0.122869 0.292960 -0.051764 0.042368 0.000172 0.062121 67 0.430495 -0.106424 0.000452 0.000046 0.087628 0.512372 -0.276351 -0.007624 0.000146 0.020297 68 0.490046 -0.140868 -0.008801 0.000006 0.086377 0.478771 -0.232715 0.000483 0.000137 0.025282 69 0.471962 -0.203725 -0.000349 0.000117 0.175024 0.260614 0.015762 0.043796 0.000137 0.073198 70 0.459297 -0.214908 0.002654 0.000144 0.068047 0.234714 -0.067342 0.101358 0.000274 0.044244 71 0.421452 -0.170627 0.007829 0.000154 0.089342 72 0.428540 -0.129489 0.001524 0.000124 0.083848 73 0.502113 -0.291677 0.000546 0.000139 0.014794 Table 8a: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files for cruise au0803. "x" indicates missing data for the indicated parameters: T=temperature; S/C=salinity and conductivity; O=oxygen; F=fluorescence downcast; PAR=photosynthetically active radiation downcast; F_up=fluorescence upcast; PAR_up=photosynthetically active radiation upcast. Note: 2 and 4 dbar values not included here - 2 dbar value missing for most casts, 4 dbar value missing for many casts. stn pressure (dbar) T S/C O F PAR F_up PAR_up where data missing 1-3 6-8 x x x x x 2 10-1004 x 3 10-1002 5 452 x x x x x x x 29 6-1324 x 32 6-22 x 33 6 x x x x x 33 6-94 x 36 6-8 x x x x x 37 6-890 x 38 6-10 x x x x x 38 12-62 x 48 6-66 x 65 6 x x x x x 90 6-1174 x 92 6 x x x x x 92 8-1184 x 112 6-304 x 113 6-302 x 114 6-302 x 115 6-302 x 116 6-304 x 117 6-304 x 118 6-300 x 120 6-8 x x x x x 128 6 x x x x x 131 6-8 x x x x x 131 10-3702 x Table 8b: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files for cruise au0806, as per Table 8a. stn pressure (dbar) T S/C O F PAR F_up PAR_up where data missing 1 6-16, 630,632,768,1030 x x 1 862,1276 x 1 18-2210 x 2 788,910,918 x 2 798 x x 2 1640,2572 x 2 2520,2540 x 2 2524 x 3 6-8 x x x x x 3 10-302 x 30 6-20 x x x x 31 6 x x x x x 31 8-154 32-33 6-8 x x x x x 34-35 6 x x x x x 36 6-24 x x x x x 37 6 x x x x x 40 6-8 x x x x x 41 6 x x x x x 44 6-8 x x x x x 45 6 x x x x x 46-47 6-8 x x x x x 52 6-22 x x x x x 53-54 6-8 x x x x x 56-58 6 x x x x x 59 4060 x x x x x x x 60-61 6-8 x x x x x 61 1104 x x x x x x x 62 6-8 x x x x x 63 6 x x x x x 64-65 6-8 x x x x x 69 6 x x x x x 71 6-8 x x x x x Table 9: Suspect CTD 2 dbar averages (not deleted from the CTD 2 dbar average files) for the indicated parameters, for cruises au0803 and au0806. station suspect 2 dbar value parameters comment (dbar) au0803 5 4-28 oxygen transient error at start 28 4-20 oxygen transient error at start 54 6-46 oxygen transient error at start 87 4-20 oxygen transient error at start au0806 4 4-18 oxygen transient error at start 5 4-102 oxygen transient error at start 15 3768 oxygen fouling after bottom contact 47 200-2000 oxygen maybe innaccurate by up to ~2µmol/l due to lack of bottles 64 250-1700 oxygen reduced accurcay due to small number of bottles Table 10: Bad salinity bottle samples (not deleted from bottle data file) for cruises au0803 and au0806. au0803 au0806 ------------------------- ------------------------- station rosette position station rosette position 1 7,17,18 1 24 20 24 4 8 23 18 12 21,24 33 3,5 14 12 43 13 16 5 51 15 20 17 54 24 21 8 55 13 23 21 56 24 25 5 69 21 27 9 91 2 37 7 93 12 43 9 97 18 46 21 99 3 55 22 103 12 59 13 110 6 64 18 111 19 65 7 119 12 66 18 124 20 70 9 71 9 Table 11a: Suspect nutrient sample values (not deleted from bottle data file) for cruise au0803. PHOSPHATE NITRATE SILICATE station rosette station rosette station rosette number position number position number position ----------------- ----------------------- -------------------- 4,6 whole stn 8 15,18 12 1 16 6,8,10 17 6 21 2 26 2 24,26-29 whole stn 34 8 39 10,12,13,16 43 1,7 52 15-19 57 9-13 60,61 whole stn 62 1-6,17-21,24 68 14-16 74 20 74 20 78-80 whole stn 81 1 95 4,6,8 97 4,16 94-97 whole stn 106 4,6,18,20 107 6,8,10,12 110 20 124 6,8-11,20 126 9-15 Table 11b: Suspect nutrient sample values (not deleted from bottle data file) for cruise au0806. PHOSPHATE NITRATE SILICATE station rosette station rosette station rosette number position number position number position ----------------- ----------------------- ------------------- 2 6 5 17,19 7 14 7 14 9 6 9 6 9 6 14 11 16 11 17 1-4 23 4 27 9 27 9 27 9 29 9-15 35 3-6 36 24 38 15 39 2-5 40 13,14 40 13,14 46 11-21,24 50 1-4,7,8 53 9 53 9 53 9 54 9-12 55 8 59 9 63 11 67 3 Table 12: Suspect dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from bottle data file) for cruises au0803 and au0806. station rosette position au0803 - - au0806 16 16 19 9 36 1 38 11 66 1 Table 13a: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0803. Edi Albert doctor, CTD Margot Foster media, CTD Beverley Henry hydrochemistry Chris Kuplis comms, CTD Sarah Merefield biology, CTD Alicia Navidad hydrochemistry Tomas Remenyi hydrochemistry, iceberg sampling Steve Rintoul CTD, CASO chief scientist Mark Rosenberg CTD, moorings Ben Smethurst biology, CTD Jesslrevena CTD Esmee van Wijk CTD Kate Berry carbon Melissa Coman carbon Danica Ellicott carbon Kristina Paterson carbon Emily Lemagie CFC Mark Warner CFC Helena Baird biology, sediment Jean-Francois Barazer biology Rob Beaman biology Jules Biggart biology Kim Briggs electronics, gear Fred Busson biology Romain Causse biology Stefan Chilmonczyk biology Stuart Crapper gear officer Marc Eleaume biology Bertrand Richer de Forges biology Bryan Fry biology Chris Gillies biology, sediment Jeff Hoffman genetics Samuel Iglesias biology Glenn Johnstone biology Andrea de Leon germanium, biology, sediment Harvey Marchant biology Jeff McQuaid genetics Bernard Métivier biology Sophie Mouge media, biology Janette Norman biology Catherine Ozouf-Costaz biology Jack Pittar biology Martin Riddle voyage leader, CEAMARC chief scientist Sarah Robinson deputy voyage leader, biology Belinda Ronai programming Thomas Silberfeld biology Aaron Spurr gear officer Jill Sutton germanium Hanne Thoen biology Claire Thompson biology Eivind Undheim biology Tony Veness electronics, gear Table 13b: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au0806. Carrie Bloomfield hydrochemistry Laura Herraiz Borreguero CTD Mehera Kidston CTD Chris Kuplis comms, CTD Alicia Navidad hydrochemistry Mark Rayner hydrochemistry Steve Rintoul CTD, voyage leader Jean-Baptiste Sallee CTD Serguei Sokolov CTD Esmee van Wijk CTD Jan Zika CTD Kate Berry carbon Andrew Bowie trace metals Kim Briggs electronics Ed Butler trace metals Wee Cheah biology Daniel Cossa trace metals Grady Cowley carbon Cath Deacon doctor Andrew Deep deputy voyage leader, continuous plankton recorder Lars Heimburger trace metals Sophie Hoft carbon Peter Jansen programming Delphine Lannuzel trace metals Emily Lemagie CFC Jesse Mclvor biology Kristina Paterson carbon Alan Poole electronics Tomas Remenyi trace metals Tim Smit particulate inorganic carbon Aaron Spurr gear Jill Sutton germanium Alessandro Tagliabue trace metals Wenneke ten Hout carbon Anais van Ditzhuyzen carbon Mark Warner CFC Ros Watson trace metals Alice Watt particulate inorganic carbon Martin Wille trace metals Table 14: Summary of mooring deplyments/recoveries and ARGO float deployments on cruises au0803 and au0806. All times are UTC. au0803 deployments PULSE3 44° 47.39'S 145° 35.10'E 3631 044416, 17/12/2007 44.7898°S 145.5850°E P0LYNYA1 66° 12.027'S 143° 28.659'E 542 093315, 22/12/2007 66.20045°S 143.47765°E POLYNYA2 66° 12.006'S 143° 10.065'E 590 164836, 22/12/2007 66.20010°S 143.16775°E POLYNYA3 66° 11.958'S 142° 54.174'E 540 125401, 22/12/2007 66.19930°S 142.90290°E POLYNYA-TEMPA 66° 11.310'S 142° 55.326'E 537 144505, 22/12/2007 66.18850°S 142.92210°E POLYNYA-TEMPB 66° 11.118'S 143° 28.064'E 529 182235, 04/01/2008 66.18530°S 143.46773°E POLYNYA4 66° 10.804'S 143° 09.949'E 563 232926, 11/01/2008 66.18007°S 143.16581°E ARGO #3636 44° 52.45'S 145° 31.58'E 0842, 17/12/2007 recoveries SAZC-10 53° 44355 141° 46.13'E 2060 2325, 18/12/2007 53.73920S 141.7688°E POLYNYA-TEMPA 66° 11.3105 142° 55.326'E 537 1249, 04/01/2008 66.188500S 142.92210°E POLYNYA-TEMPB 66° 11.1185 143° 28.064'E 529 1305, 11/01/2008 66.185300S 143.46773°E au0806 deployments ARGO #2948 56° 24.375 140° 05.50'E 0445, 05/04/2008 ARGO #2953 53° 08.38'S 142° 09.11'E 1022, 07/04/2008 ARGO #2944 50° 59.18'S 143° 21.05'E 1359, 10/04/2008 ARGO #2952 48° 19.87'S 144° 32.48'E 1559, 12/04/2008 ARGO #2950 44° 44.125 146° 01.30'E 2202, 14/04/2008 Figure 1: CTD station positions and ships track for cruise au0803, for (a) whole cruise, and (b) southern stations. Figure 2: CTD station positions and ships track for cruise au0806. Figure 3: Conductivity ratio C(btl)/C(cal) versus station number for cruises au0803 and au0806. The solid line follows the mean of the residuals for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the residuals for each station. C(cal) = calibrated CTD conductivity from the CTD upcast burst data; C(btl) = 'in situ' Niskin bottle conductivity, found by using CTD pressure and temperature from the CTD upcast burst data in the conversion of Niskin bottle salinity to conductivity. Figure 4: Salinity residual (S(btl) - S(cal)) versus station number for cruises au0803 and au0806. The solid line is the mean of all the residuals; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of all the residuals. S(cal) = calibrated CTD salinity; S(btl) = Niskin bottle salinity value. Figure 5: Difference between primary and secondary temperature sensor (t(p) - t(s)) for CTD upcast burst data from Niskin bottle stops, for cruises au0803 and au0806. Figure 6: Dissolved oxygen residual (O(btl) - O(cal)) versus station number for cruises au0803 and au0806. The solid line follows the mean residual for each station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the residuals for each station. O(cal)=calibrated downcast CTD dissolved oxygen; (btl)=Niskin bottle dissolved oxygen value. Note: values outside vertical axes are plotted on axes limits. Figure 7: Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for cruises au0803 and au0806. Figure 8: Bulk plots showing intercruise comparison of oxygen and nutrient data for au0803 and au0103. Figure 9: Bulk plots showing intercruise comparisons of oxygen and nutrient data on neutral density (i.e. γ) surfaces, for (a) au0806 and au0103, and (b) au0806 and au9601. Figure lOa and b: au0803 comparison between (a) CTD and underway temperature data (i.e. hull mounted temperature sensor), and (b) CTD and underway salinity data, including bestfit lines. Note: dis refers to underway data. Figure 11a and b: au0806 comparison between (a) CTD and underway temperature data (i.e. hull mounted temperature sensor), and (b) CTD and underway salinity data, including bestfit lines. Note: dis refers to underway data. Figure 12a and b: Nutrient and oxygen profiles for au0803 and au0806 overlap stations. Figure 12c and d: Nutrient and oxygen profiles for au0803 and au0806 overlap stations. Figure 12e and f: Nutrient and oxygen profiles for au0803 and au0806 overlap stations. APPENDIX 1 AU0806 Hydrochemistry Cruise Report ALICIA NAVI DAD and MARK RAYNER, CSIRO CMAR (this appendix summarised from the complete cruise lab report by the above authors) Analaysts: Alicia Navidad and Mark Rayner (nutrients) Carrie Bloomfield (dissolved oxygen) Laura Herraiz Borreguero (salinity) Al.l Nutrients Set-up details: carrier used ASW diluent for manual standards LNSW standard range used (nitrate+nitrite in µm/l) 0-35 standard range used (silicate in µm/l) 0-140 standard range used (phosphate in µm/l) 0-3.0 standard range used (nitrite in µm/l) 0-0.7 SRM range used (nitrate+nitrite in µm/l) 10 & 30 SRM range used (silicate in µm/l) 10, 30 & 140 SRM range used (phosphate in µm/l) 1 & 3 SRM range used (nitrite in µm/l) 0.1 & 0.3 The Lachat analyser was used for nutrient analyses on the cruise. Prior to running samples, initial quality runs gave values for detection limits and sampling precision, as well as accuracy and precision (Table A1.1). Table A1.1: Detection limits (DL), sampling precision (SP), accuracy and precision from initial Lachat analyser quality run. Accuracy is reported as the % error over the top standard (35 for nitrate+nitrite, 140 for silicate, 3 for phosphate). The reported DL is the limit of detection of the analyte at 99% confidence interval. Nutrient (high/low) DL SP precision accuracy low accuracy high in µmol/l µmol/l CV% CV% % error % error nitrate+nitrite(30/10) 0.021 0.31 0.11 0.79 0.51 silicate (140/10) 0.015 0.07 0.16 0.15 0.59 phosphate (3/1) 0.016 0.47 0.29 0.31 1.24* * after working on phosphates and conducting another quality run, this value came down to 1.18%, and by the time station 2 dummy run was done it was below 1% For each sample, 4 sampling tubes were taken, and 2 were frozen and 2 kept in the fridge. The fresh samples were analysed for phosphate, nitrate and silicate. The trace metal group also requested nitrite, and for these the frozen samples were used and separate runs were done. The LNSW (low nutrient seawater) used was collected from Maria Island in October 2007, and was allowed to leach for several weeks. It was tested on the Lachat prior to cruise au0803, and shown to have very low if any concentration for all 3 nutrients. The analysis on the cruise was carried out under new strict quality control protocols, including modifications to the frequency of standard reference materials and samples, cleaning regimes and post processing steps. From trials undertaken with the Lachat dilutor, it was decided that for the level of accuracy required the dilutor would not be used. All standards were made manually, and stock standards were validated before the voyage. A new excel macro created by Dave Terhell was used, allowing for a sensitivity factor to be applied, meaning any instrument/environmental drift could be accounted for uniformly throughout a run. The macro also calculated the precision between duplicate samples, highlighting any lying outside the designated deviation between duplicates. Highlighted samples were repeated. A1.2 Dissolved oxygen The DO system used for the voyage was the Scripps photometric system using the National Instrumentation ND board and associated software and hardware. Standardisation was carried out every day prior to analyses, and a blank was performed at every reagent change. On two occasions the system was standardised against an external standard, with excellent comparison. Al.3 Salinity Guildline Autosal serial 62548 was used, calibrated with OSI international seawater standards. The instrument provided stable salinity data for the entire cruise. A large bubble at the start of the glass chamber was present consistently and did not interfere with the analysis (same as noted on au0803). A1.4 Laboratory temperature control The new "sky lab" on the mezzanine deck was used for all hydrochemistry, and temperature stability in the lab was good. There were 3 temperature loggers situated in the lab, next to each of the instruments (Table A1.2). Table A1.2: Laboratory temperature averages and standard deviations. For temperatures near the dissolved oxygen system and salinometer, temperature logger data was for 23/03/2008 to 16/04/2008. For the nutrient analyser, the logger malfunctioned, and the values in the table are only for 20/03/2008 to 23/03/2008. logger location average temperature standard deviation (°C) (°C) dissolved oxygen system 20.52 0.61 salinometer 21.2 0.58 nutrient analyser 20.56 0.32 APPENDIX 2 AU0803 CEAMARC/CASO and AU0806 CASO Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Measurements - Cruise Reports and Preliminary Data MARK J. WARNER, University of Washington, Seattle (this appendix merges the two cruise reports by the above author) Samplers and Analysts: Mark J. Warner, University of Washington (warner@u.washington.edu) Emily Lemagie, University of Washington Samples for the analysis of dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113 were drawn from 1410 of the Niskin water samples collected during au0803, and 1148 of the Niskin water samples collected during au0806. When taken, water samples for CFC analysis were the first samples drawn from the 10-liter bottles. Care was taken to co-ordinate the sampling of CFCs with other samples to minimize the time between the initial opening of each bottle and the completion of sample drawing. In most cases, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon samples were collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle. To minimize contact with air, the CFC samples were drawn directly through the stopcocks of the 10-liter bottles into 100-ml precision glass syringes equipped with 3-way plastic stopcocks. The syringes were immersed in a holding bath of seawater until analyzed. For air sampling, a ~300 meter length of 3/8" OD Dekaron tubing was run from the portable laboratory to the bow of the ship. A flow of air was drawn through this line into the CFC van using an Air Cadet pump. The air was compressed in the pump, with the downstream pressure held at ~1.5 atm. using a back-pressure regulator. A tee allowed a flow (100 ml min(^-1)) of the compressed air to be directed to the gas sample valves of the CFC analytical systems, while the bulk flow of the air (>7 l min(^-1)) was vented through the back pressure regulator. Air samples were generally analyzed when the relative wind direction was within 100 degrees of the bow of the ship to reduce the possibility of shipboard contamination. The pump was run for approximately 30 minutes prior to analysis to insure that the air inlet lines and pump were thoroughly flushed. The average atmospheric concentrations determined during the cruises (from a set of 5 measurements analyzed when possible, n=33, for each cruise) were as follows: for au0803, 241.8 +/- 2.4 parts per trillion (ppt) for CFC-11, 538.6 +/- 2.2 ppt for CFC-12, and 69.7 +/- 3.2 ppt for CFC- 113; for au0806, 241.4 +/- 0.9 parts per trillion (ppt) for CFC-11, 536.5 +/- 2.7 ppt for CFC-12, and 77.5 +/- 1.8 ppt for CFC-113. Concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12, and CFC-113 in air samples, seawater and gas standards were measured by shipboard electron capture gas chromatography (EC-GC) using techniques modified from those described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). For seawater analyses, water was transferred from a glass syringe to a fixed volume chamber (~30 ml). The contents of the chamber were then injected into a glass sparging chamber. The dissolved gases in the seawater sample were extracted by passing a supply of CFC-free purge gas through the sparging chamber for a period of 4 minutes at 70 ml min(^-1) for au0803, and at 80 ml min(^-1) for au0806. Water vapor was removed from the purge gas during passage through an 18 cm long, 3/8" diameter glass tube packed with the desiccant magnesium perchlorate. The sample gases were concentrated on a cold-trap consisting of a 1/8" OD stainless steel tube with a ~10 cm section packed tightly with Porapak N (60-80 mesh). A vortex cooler, using compressed air at 95 psi, was used to cool the trap, to approximately ~20°C. After 4 minutes of purging, the trap was isolated, and the trap was heated electrically to ~100°C. The sample gases held in the trap were then injected onto a precolumn (~25 cm of 1/8" O.D. stainless steel tubing packed with 80-100 mesh Porasil C, held at 70°C) for the initial separation of CFC-12, CFC-11 and CFC-113 from other compounds. After the CFCs had passed from the pre-column into the main analytical column (~183 cm of 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with Carbograph 1AC, 80-100 mesh, held at 70°C) of GC1 (a HP 5890 Series II gas chromatograph with ECD), the flow through the pre-column was reversed to backflush slower eluting compounds. The analytical system was calibrated frequently using a standard gas of known CFC composition. Gas sample loops of known volume were thoroughly flushed with standard gas and injected into the system. The temperature and pressure was recorded so that the amount of gas injected could be calculated. The procedures used to transfer the standard gas to the trap, precolumn, main chromatographic column and EC detector were similar to those used for analyzing water samples. Two sizes of gas sample loops were used. Multiple injections of these loop volumes could be made to allow the system to be calibrated over a relatively wide range of concentrations. Air samples and system blanks (injections of loops of CFC-free gas) were injected and analyzed in a similar manner. For au0803, the typical analysis time for seawater, air, standard or blank samples was ~10.5 minutes. For au0806, the typical analysis time for seawater samples was 11.5 min., and for gas samples was ~10.5 minutes. Concentrations of the CFCs in air, seawater samples and gas standards are reported relative to the SIO98 calibration scale (Prinn et. al., 2000). Concentrations in air and standard gas are reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in the parts per trillion (ppt) range. Dissolved CFC concentrations are given in units of picomoles per kilogram seawater (pmol kg(^-1)). CFC concentrations in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting their chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated by injecting multiple sample loops of gas from a working standard (UW cylinder 45191 for CFC-11: 386.94 ppt, CFC-12: 200.92 ppt, and CFC-113: 105.4 ppt) into the analytical instrument. The response of the detector to the range of moles of CFC-12 and CFC-113 passing through the detector remained relatively constant during the cruises. The response of the detector to the upper range of CFC-11 amounts was found to slowly change during the cruises. Full-range calibration curves were run at intervals of 10 days during the cruises. These were supplemented with occasional injections of multiple aliquots of the standard gas at more frequent time intervals. Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas at one atmosphere were run much more frequently (at intervals of ~90 minutes) to monitor short-term changes in detector sensitivity. The CFC-113 peak was often on a small bump on the baseline, resulting in a large dependence of the peak area on the choice of endpoints for integration. The height of the peak was instead used to provide better precision. For au0803, the precisions of measurements of the standard gas in the fixed volume (n=784) were ± 0.51% for CFC-12, 0.81% for CFC-11, and 4.2% for CFC-113. For au0806, the precisions of measurements of the standard gas in the fixed volume (n=450) were ± 0.61% for CFC-12, 0.89% for CFC-11, and 5.2% for CFC-113. The efficiency of the purging process was evaluated periodically by re-stripping high concentration surface water samples and comparing the residual concentrations to initial values. For au0803, these re-strip values were approximately 2-3% for all 3 compounds, and a fit of the re-strip efficiency as a function of temperature will be applied to the final data set; no correction has been applied to the preliminary data set. For au0806, these re-strip values were approximately 1% for all 3 compounds, and a correction has been applied to the shipboard data. The determination of a blank due to sampling and analysis of CFC-free waters was hampered by the lack of CFC-free waters. For au0803, at CTD 1 CFCs in the deepest sample at 3000 m were 0.005 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-11 and CFC-12. For au0806, at several stations at the northern end of the section, CFCs in the deepest sample were measured to be less than 0.005 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-11 and CFC-12. No sampling blank corrections have been made to the preliminary data sets. For au0803, based on the analysis of 74 duplicate samples, we estimate precisions (1 standard deviation) of 1.1% or 0.006 pmol kg(^-1) (whichever is greater) for dissolved CFC-11, 0.56% or 0.003 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-12 measurements, and 2.8% or 0.004 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-113. For au0806, based on the analysis of 46 duplicate samples, we estimate precisions (1 standard deviation) of 0.75% or 0.003 pmol kg(^-1) (whichever is greater) for dissolved CFC-11, 0.30% or 0.003 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-12 measurements, and 4.8% or 0.005 pmol kg(^-1) for CFC-113. A very small number of water samples had anomalously high CFC concentrations relative to adjacent samples. These samples occurred sporadically during the cruises and were not clearly associated with other features in the water column (e.g. anomalous dissolved oxygen, salinity or temperature features). This suggests that these samples were probably contaminated with CFCs during the sampling or analysis processes. Measured concentrations for these anomalous samples are included in the preliminary data, but are given a quality flag value of either 3 (questionable measurement) or 4 (bad measurement). For au0806, a small amount of water vapor made its way onto the chromatographic column on April 10th and resulted in less than optimal performance of the analytical system for a few days. During that time CFC-113 peaks were located atop a broad contaminant peak and difficult to integrate. A large amount of CFC-113 data are flagged as bad (4) during this period. As the contamination cleared up over 2-3 days, this broad peak gradually disappeared. CFC-113 values have been flagged as questionable during this interval, until the baseline was flat. Although the baseline was very noisy, the data quality for CFC-11 and CFC-12 was only slightly worse than normal and was not flagged. Bullister, J.L. and Weiss, R.F., 1988. Determination of CC1(3)F and CC1(2)F(2) seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 839-853. Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R.F., Fraser, P.J., Simmonds, PG., Cunnold, D.M., Alyea, F.N., ODoherty, S., Salameh, P., Miller, BR., Huang, J., Wang, R.H.J., Hartley, D.E., Harth, C., Steele, L.P., Sturrock, G., Midgley, P.M. and McCulloch, A., 2000. A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17,751-17,792 CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Person Data Type Action Summary ---------- ----------- ------------------ --------------- --------------------------- 2008-05-20 M Warner CTD/BTL/SUM Submitted Rintoul/Rosenberg data submitted by Mark Warner/UW Steve Rinoul, the Australian PI,is fine with the CTD data being made available, but he wants to wait on the bottle files. Bronte Tilbrook still needs to complete the analyses of the CO2 system samples. (entry by S. Diggs: 20080701) 2009-10-02 M Rosenberg CTD/SUM Submitted Replaces data submitted by Warner Sounds like there's confusion over this cruise. First up, there are actually two different cruises. The 2 cruises are: 09AR0803 (alias au0803), cruise dates 16th December 2007 to 27th January 2008, "CASO" and "CEAMARC" projects, and SR3 transect 09AR0806 (alias au0806), cruise dates 22nd March 2008 to 17th April 2008, SR3 transect CTD and SUM files for these 2 cruises are now finalised (new version August 2009). Bottle data SEA files not ready - still waiting on nutrients from the CSIRO hydrochemists, plus Mark Warner is finalising CFC's (I only recently gave Mark the finalised CTD data which allows him to finalise CFC's). I'm sending you both these cruises attached to a follow-up email - let me know if you get it. They both happened within 2008, so I guess that makes them IPY cruises. Feel free to make them available to the ARGO community. And hopefully I'll be able to send the bottle data sometime soon. 2010-08-10 M Rosenberg CTD/BTL/SUM/CrsRpt Submitted to go online cruise was submitted via email by Mark Rosenberg. Please note this submission contains a WOCE sum file, exchange bottle and CTD files as well as a cruise doc and a README containing citation info for these data 2012-02-06 C Berys BTL/SUM Website Updated Exchange, NetCDF, WOCE files online 2012-02-03 SR03 2008 ExpoCode 09AR20080322 formatting notes - btl, SUM C Berys SUBMISSION 09AR0806_woceexchange_version02jun2010.zip submitted by Mark Rosenberg on 2010-08-10 containing bottle, CTD, SUM, and readme files unzipped. Bottle and SUM files formatted and put online. The file contains the following parameters (* with flag column): DEPTH CTDPRS CTDTMP CTDSAL* SALNTY* CTDOXY* OXYGEN* SILCAT* NO2+NO3* PHSPHT* CFC-11* CFC-12* CFC113* FLUOR* PAR* The following changes were made to the submission WOCE file: added first line Expocode changed from 09AR0806_1 to 09AR20080322 DEPTH units changed from "" to "METERS" CTDSAL units changed from "PSS78" to "PSS-78" SALNTY units changed from "PSS78" to "PSS-78" BLTNBR" was not recognized. (flag) CFC-113 changed to CFC113 CTDFLUORO changed to FLUOR FLUOR units changed from "" to "MG/M^3" CTDPAR changed to PAR station 15 "Nan" changed to -999 with correct precision for the following parameters: OXYGEN,SILCAT,NO2+NO3,PHSPHT,CFC-11 The following changes were made to the submission SUM file: Expocode changed from 09AR0806_1 to 09AR20080322 FORMATTED FILE WOCE bottle file created using exchange_to_wocebot.rb (J Fields) Added references from readme to Exchange bottle file Included readme as readme_hy1.csv NetCDF bottle file created using exbot_to_netcdf.pl (S Diggs) Exchange and NetCDF files opened in JOA with no apparent problems 2012-08-01 J Kappa CrsRpt Submitted to go online I've placed 2 new versions of the cruise report: sr03_09AR20080322do.pdf sr03_09AR20080322do.txt Into the co2clivar/southern/sr03/sr03_09AR20080322/ directory. Both versions include summary pages and CCHDO data processing notes. The pdf version also includes a linked Table of Contents and links to figures, tables and appendices. Both will be available on the cchdo website following the next update script run.