CRUISE REPORT:  A16N
(Updated MAY 2016)








Highlights


                             Cruise Summary Information
               Section Designation  A16N
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  33RO20130803
                  Chief Scientists  Molly O. Baringer / AOML
                                    John L. Bullister / PMEL
                             Dates  2013 AUG 03 - 2013 OCT 03
                              Ship  R/V RONALD H. BROWN
                     Ports of call  Reykjavik, Iceland - Funchal, Madeira - 
                                    Natal, Brazil

                                           63° 6.89' N
             Geographic Boundaries  29° W               19° 59.97' W
                                            5° 59.9' S

                          Stations  145
      Floats and drifters deployed  16 Argo floats and 10 surface drifters deployed
    Moorings deployed or recovered  0

                                 Contact Information:
             Molly O. Baringer                        John L. Bullister
                 NOAA/AOML                                NOAA/PMEL
         Atlantic Oceanographic and              Pacific Marine Environmental
         Meteorological Laboratory                        Laboratory
         4301 Rickenbacker Causeway              Bin C15700 • NOAA Building 3 
                                                   7600 Sand Point Way NE
             Miami, FL  33149                      Seattle, WA  98115-0007
             Tel: 305-361-4345                        Tel: 206-526-6741
       Email: baringer@aoml.noaa.gov           Email: John.L.Bullister@noaa.gov






                        CLIVAR/GO-SHIP A16N_2013 Cruise Report

                                        Leg 1
                              NOAA Ship  Ronald H. Brown
                           03 August 2013 - 23 August 2013
                        Reykjavik, Iceland - Funchal, Madeira

                                  Chief Scientist:
                              Dr. Molly ONeil Baringer
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML

                                 Co-Chief Scientist:
                                 Dr. Denis L. Volkov
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML

                                        Leg 2
                             NOAA Ship  Ronald H. Brown
                        01 September 2013 - 03 October 2013
                          Funchal, Madeira - Natal, Brazil

                                  Chief Scientist:
                                Dr. John L. Bullister
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, PMEL

                                 Co-Chief Scientist:
                                Dr. Rolf E. Sonnerup
                           University of Washington, JISAO


                                CTD Data Submitted by:
                                Kristene E. McTaggart
                    Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
                                     Seattle, WA


                        Preliminary Bottle Data Submitted by:
                                Courtney M. Schatzman
               Shipboard Technical Support/Oceanographic Data Facility
                  Scripps Institution of Oceanography/UC San Diego
                                     La Jolla, CA


                              (last edited 24 June 2014)



Fig. 1.1:  A16N_2013 CRUISE TRACK



Introduction

CLIVAR/GO-SHIP cruise A16N_2013 in the North Atlantic on NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown 
was successfully completed over two legs: Leg 1: (3 August to 23 August 2013) and 
Leg 2: (1 September to 3 October 2013). This cruise is part of a decadal series of 
repeat hydrography sections jointly funded by NOAA-OCO and NSF-OCE as part of the 
CLIVAR/GO-SHIP/CO2/Hydrography/Tracer program (http://ushydro.ucsd.edu). The goal 
of this effort is to occupy a set of hydrographic transects over the global ocean 
with full water column measurements to study physical, hydrographic and chemical 
changes over time. Leg 1 of the A16N_2013 cruise began in Reykjavik, Iceland and 
ended in Funchal, Portugal (island of Madeira). Leg 2 of the A16N_2013 cruise began 
in Funchal, Portugal and ended in Natal, Brazil. Various academic institutions and 
NOAA research laboratories participated in the cruise. The A16N_2013 cruise ran 
from approximately 66°N to 6°S, repeating the section previously occupied by the US 
in 1988 and 2003. A total of 145 full water column CTD/02/LADCP/rosette casts were 
completed along the A16N_2013 section at ~30 nautical mile (nm) spacing, with 
closer spacing near boundaries and between 3°N and 3°S. A 24 position rosette was 
used for the hydrocasts. Approximately 3400 bottle samples were collected on these 
casts to be analyzed of a variety of parameters including salinity, dissolved 
oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur 
hexafluoride (SF6), trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (CF3SF5), dissolved 
inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), alkalinity, pH, carbon 
isotopes (14C of DIC and of DOC), 15N and 18O of N2O, 18O/16O of H2O, helium, tritium, 
chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and particulate organic carbon (POC).

Separate casts for trace metal analysis were occupied at approximately 60 nm 
spacing, using a specially designed 12 position trace metal clean winch and rosette 
system.

Data from the cruise are available from the CLIVAR and carbon hydrographic data 
office (CCHDO) at: http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/33RO20130803

Underway data collection included meteorological parameters, upper ocean current 
measurements from the shipboard ADCP, surface oceanographic (temperature, salinity, 
pCO2) from the ship's underway clean seawater intake, bathymetric data, and 
measurements of atmospheric CO2, CFCs, SF6 and ozone.


Acknowledgments

The successful completion of the cruise relied on the dedicated assistance from 
many individuals on shore and on the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown. Funded 
investigators in the project and members of the CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography/CO2 
program were instrumental in the successful planning and executing of the cruise. 
All of the participants showed dedication and camaraderie during their 21 days at 
sea on Leg 1 and 33 days at sea on Leg 2. Officers and crew of the Ronald H. Brown 
exhibited a high degree of professionalism and assistance in accomplishing the 
mission and made us feel at home during the voyage. Survey Technicians Darcy 
Elizabeth, Jonathan Shannahoff and Electronic Technicians Clay Norfleet and Jeff 
Hill contributed to the success of this cruise through their able deck handling, 
stewardship of shipboard scientific gear and troubleshooting experience.

The US Repeat Hydrography / CO2 Program is sponsored by NOAA's Office of Climate 
Observations and the National Science Foundation. In particular, we wish to thank 
program managers David Legler (NOAA)and Eric Itsweire (NSF/OCE) for their support.
Clearance was requested and granted from the sovereign nations of Iceland and 
Portugal for research conducted in their territorial waters. Their collaboration 
in the research effort is greatly appreciated.

Thanks to science participants Monica Mejia, Josh Levy and Rachel Shelley for their 
informal 'blogs" that recount cruise/port highlights. They can be found  at: 
http://teachers.dadeschools.net/mmejia/ERFS_AgroEcology/Hello.html,
http://4869milevoyage.blogspot.com/ and http://eoas-fsu-clivar.blogspot.com/


Background

The CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Program focuses on the need to monitor inventories of 
CO2, tracers, heat, and freshwater and their transports in the ocean. Earlier 
programs under WOCE and JGOFS provided a baseline observational field for these 
parameters. The new measurements reveal much about the changing patterns on decadal 
scales. The program serves as a backbone to assess changes in the ocean's 
biogeochemical cycle in response to natural and/or man-induced activity. Global 
changes in the ocean's transport of heat and freshwater, which can have a 
significant impact on climate, can be followed through these long-term measurements. 
The CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Program provides a robust observational framework to 
monitor these long-term trends. These measurements are in support of:

• Model calibration and testing
• Carbon system studies
• Heat and freshwater storage and flux studies
• Deep and shallow water mass and ventilation studies
• Calibration of autonomous sensors

This program follows the invasion of anthropogenic CO2 and transient tracers into the 
oceans on decadal timescales, and determines the variability of the inorganic carbon 
system and its relationship to biological and physical processes. More details on 
the program can be found at the website: http://ushydro.ucsd.edu. Specific 
information about this cruise can be found at: 
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/A16N/ 



CLIVAR/Carbon A16N_2013 Participating Institutions

Abbreviation  Institution
AOML          Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA
CPO           Climate Program Office - NOAA
FSU           Florida State University
LDEO          Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University
NASA          National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PMEL          Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA
PU            Princeton University
RSMAS         Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami
SIO           Scripps Institution of Oceanography/University of California at San Diego  
TAMU          Texas A&M University
UCSB          University of California, Santa Barbara
UCI           University of California, Irvine
UH            University of Hawaii at Manoa
WHOI          Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
UW            University of Washington





Principal Programs of CLIVAR/Carbon A16N_2013

Analysis                 Email                            Institution  Principal Investigator
-----------------------  -------------------------------  -----------  ----------------------
CTDO                     Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov       NOAA/PMEL    Gregory Johnson
                         Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov          NOAA/AOML    Molly Baringer
ADCP/LADCP               hummon@hawaii.edu                U Hawaii     Jules Hummon
Salinity                 Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov          NOAA/AOML    Molly Baringer
Total CO2 (DIC)          Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov         NOAA/PMEL    Richard Feely
                         Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov          NOAA/AOML    Rik Wanninkhof
UW & Discrete pCO2       Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov          NOAA/AOML    Rik Wanninkhof
Nutrients                Jia-Zhong.Zhang@noaa.gov         NOAA/AOML    Jia-Zhong Zhang
                         Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov          NOAA/PMEL    Calvin Mordy
Dissolved O2             clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu         RSMAS        Chris Langdon
Total Alkalinity/pH      fmilleror@smas.miami.edu         RSMAS        Frank Millero
Chlorofluorocarbons      John.L.Bullister@noaa.gov        NOAA/PMEL    John Bullister
  (CFCs)/SF6/N2O  
3He /Tritium             peters@ldeo.columbia.edu         LDEO         Peter Schlosser
                         wjenkins@whoi.edu                WHOI         William Jenkins
DOC/TDN                  dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu         RSMAS        Dennis Hansell
14C-DOC                  edruffel@uci.edu                 UCI          Ellen Druffel
14C-DIC and 13C-DIC      amcnichol@whoi.edu               WHOI         Ann McNichol
δ18O-H2O                 peters@ldeo.columbia.edu         LDEO         Peter Schlosser
                         jhertzberg@ocean.tamu.edu        TAMU         Jennifer Hertzberg
δ15N/δ18O of NO3-        sigman@princeton.edu             PU           Daniel Sigman
N2O Isotopes             bxc@uw.edu                       UW           Bonnie Chang
Data Management          jswift@ucsd.edu                  SIO          James Swift
                         sbecker@ucsd.edu                 SIO          Susan Becker
CDOM                     normcarlson@erilifesci.ucsb.edu  UCSB/ERIMSI  Craig Nelson
Trace Metals,            resing@u.washington.edu          UW           Joe Resing
Argo Float &             Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov       NOAA/PMEL    Gregory C. Johnson
Meteorological               
Sensor deployments
Drifter Deployment       Shaun.Dolk@noaa.gov              NOAA/AOML    Shaun Dolk
Underway surface ocean,                                   NOAA         Ship personnel
  meteoro-logical and 
  bathymetry data   



Scientific Personnel CLIVAR/Carbon A16N_2013 Leg I

Duties                  Name                  Affiliation  Email
----------------------  --------------------  -----------  -----------------------------
Chief Scientist         Molly Baringer        AOML         molly.baringer@noaa.gov
Co-Chief Scientist      Denis Volkov          AOML         dlvolkov@gmail.com
Data Management         Courtney Schatzman    SIO          cschatzman@ucsd.edu
CTD Processing          Kristy McTaggart      PMEL         kristy.e.mctaggart@noaa.gov
CTD/Salinity/LADCP/ET   Andrew Stefanick      AOML         andrew.stefanick@noaa.gov
CTD/Salinity/LADCP      James Hooper          AOML         james.hooper@noaa.gov
CTD Watch               Christine Mann        CSU          cmann@mlml.calstate.edu
CTD Watch               Ashley Wheeler        CSU          awheeler@mlml.calstate.edu
CTD Watch/14C           Brett Walker          UCI          brett.walker@uci.edu
CTD/LADCP               Oyvind Lundesgaard    UH           oyvindl@hawaii.edu
Dissolved O2            Chris Langdon         RSMAS        clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu
Dissolved O2            Laura Stoltenberg     RSMAS        l.stolti@yahoo.com
Nutrients               Eric Wisegarver       PMEL         eric.wisegarver@noaa.gov
Nutrients               Charles Fischer       AOML         charles.fischer@noaa.gov
Total CO2 (DIC)         Robert Castle         AOML         robert.castle@noaa.gov
Total CO2 (DIC)         Charles Featherstone  AOML         charles.featherstone@noaa.gov
CFCs/SF6  David         Wisegarver            PMEL         david.wisegarver@noaa.gov
CFCs/SF6/18O            Jennifer Hertzberg    TAMU         jhertzberg@ocean.tamu.edu
pCO2                    Kevin Sullivan        AOML/CIMAS   kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov
Total Alkalinity/pH     Ryan Woosley          RSMAS        rwoosley@rsmas.miami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     Josh Levy             RSMAS        j.levyl4@umiami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     James Williamson      RSMAS        j.williamson5@umiami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     Jennifer Byrne        RSMAS        j.byrne2@umiami.edu
Trace Metals            Joseph Resing         PMEL         joseph.resing@noaa.gov
Trace Metals            William Landing       FSU          wlanding@fsu.edu
Trace Metals            Rachel Shelley        FSU          rshelley@fsu.edu
Trace Metals            Pam Barrett           UW           barrettp@u.washington.edu
Helium/Tritium/18O      Anthony Dachille      LDEO         dachille@ldeo.columbia.edu
DOC/14C                 Monica Mejia          RSMAS        mmejia6@dadeschools.net
CDOM                    Erik Stassinos        UCSB         eriks@eri.ucsb.edu


Scientific Personnel CLIVAR/Carbon A16N_2013 Leg II

Duties                  Name                  Affiliation  Email
----------------------  --------------------  -----------  -----------------------------
Chief Scientist         John Bullister        PMEL         john.l.bullister@noaa.gov
Co-Chief Scientist      Rolf Sonnerup         UW           rolf@u.washington.edu
Data Management         Courtney Schatzman    SIO          cschatzman@ucsd.edu
CTD Processing          Kristy McTaggart      PMEL         kristy.e.mctaggart@noaa.gov
CTD/Salinity/LADCP/ET   Andrew Stefanick      AOML         andrew.stefanick@noaa.gov
CTD/Salinity/LADCP      James Hooper          AOML         james.hooper@noaa.gov
CTD Watch               Katie Kirk            WHOI         kkirk@whoi.edu
CTD Watch               Joseph Schoonover     FSU          js08s@my.fsu.edu
CTD Watch               Martine Stueben       RSMAS        mstrueben@gmail.com
CTD/LADCP               Oyvind Lundesgaard    UH           oyvindl@hawaii.edu
Dissolved O2            Chris Langdon         RSMAS        clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu
Dissolved O2            Laura Stoltenberg     RSMAS        l.stolti@yahoo.com
Nutrients               Eric Wisegarver       PMEL         eric.wisegarver@noaa.gov
Nutrients               Charles Fischer       AOML         charles.fischer@noaa.gov
Total CO2 (DIC)         Robert Castle         AOML         robert.castle@noaa.gov
Total CO2 (DIC)         Charles Featherstone  AOML         charles.featherstone@noaa.gov
CFCs/SF6                David Wisegarver      PMEL         david.wisegarver@noaa.gov
CFCs/SF6                Kyra Freeman          UCSD         kyrafreeman4@gmail.com
pCO2                    Leticia Barbero       AOML/CIMAS   leticia.barbero@noaa.gov
Total Alkalinity/pH     Carmen Rodriquez      RSMAS        crodriguez@rsmas.miami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     Josh Levy             RSMAS        j.levyl4@umiami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     James Williamson      RSMAS        j.williamson5@umiami.edu
Total Alkalinity/pH     Kristen Mastropole    RSMAS        kmastropole@rsmas.miami.edu
Trace Metals            Pam Barrett           UW           barrettp@u.washington.edu
Trace Metals            Peter Morton          FSU          pmorton@fsu.edu
Trace Metals            Nathan Buck           PMEL         nathan.buck@noaa.gov
Trace Metals            Randy Morton          FSU          randymmorton@hotmail.com
Helium/Tritium/18O      Anthony Dachille      LDEO         dachille@ldeo.columbia.edu
DOC/14C                 Monica Mejia          RSMAS        mmejia6@dadeschools.net
CDOM                    Eli Aghassi           UCSB         eaghassiaeri.ucsb.edu




Measurement Program Summary


Fig. 1.2:  Al6N Bottle Sample distribution


This cruise was a reoccupation of a meridional section nominally along 20°W (WOCE 
Section A16N, occupied in 1988 and 2003). Operations included CTDO/LADCP/rosette 
casts nominally at half-degree spacing. Underway data collected included upper-ocean 
currents from the shipboard ADCP, surface oceanographic and meteorological 
parameters from the ship's underway systems, and bathymetric data. Ancillary 
operations included surface drifter deployments and Argo float deployments.

NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown departed Reykjavik, Iceland, after a 2-day delay on August 
3, 2013 at 0800 local time. A successful test cast to 213 meters was completed that 
afternoon, and stations started in earnest that evening at 2200 local time. Leg 1 
ended in Funchal, Madeira on August 23. Leg 2 began on September 1 at 2300 local 
time after an additional 4-day delay to repair the air conditioning system. A 
successful full water column test cast was completed the next morning and the last 
station of Leg 1 (Sta. 70 at about 30°30'N) was reoccupied the following morning (as 
Sta. 71). Following station 91 (20°30'N) operations were suspended for 67 hours 
owing to Hurricane Humberto. During this period, the ship steamed southeastward to 
avoid the path of the hurricane. After the hurricane passed, the ship steamed 
northward along the section (from 17°30'N to 19°45'N) to occupy stations (92-95) 
missed by the detour. Station spacing along this segment was increased from 30 nm 
to 45 nm.  Following a 15-hour steam south, station spacing was then set to 40 nm 
from 17°N to 10°N to make up for some of the time lost to the hurricane.  At 10°N, 
station spacing was returned to 30 nm for the rest of the leg, except between 3°N-3°S 
where it was 20 nm. The cruise ended in Natal, Brazil on October 3, 2013.

A total of 145 stations were occupied during A16N_2013. 148 CTDO/LADCP/rosette 
casts were collected, including 2 test casts and 1 reoccupation at station 96. 
Sixteen Argo floats and ten surface drifters were deployed. CTDO data, LADCP 
data, and water samples were collected on most casts, in most cases to within 10 
meters of the sea floor (Fig. 1.2).

Salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient samples were analyzed from each station 
of the principal CTDO/LADCP/rosette program. Water samples were also measured for 
CFCs, pCO2, Total CO2 (DIC), Total Alkalinity, and pH. Additional samples were 
collected for 3He, Tritium, 14C/ 13C, DOC, DON, and POC.


Winch problems and loss of Rosette Package

During A16N_2013 Leg 2, significant level-wind difficulties developed with the 
ship's aft winch, which required stops on casts, slow winch speeds and manual 
adjustments of the winch's level wind mechanism to try to improve spooling of the 
CTD cable on the winch drum. Because of the poor spooling, it was often necessary 
to re-lower the CTD-rosette package to deeper depths during up-casts, even after 
sample bottles were closed, a process which over long vertical distances in regions 
of significant gradients, could potentially compromise the integrity of the water 
samples (see following discussion). Once these problems developed and intensified, 
a number of discussions between ship's officers, survey, engineers, deck crew and 
scientists were held. During this period the ship's survey, deck, and engineering 
crews worked on a number of labor-intensive efforts which involved manually 
adjusting the level-winding using a variety of techniques. The level-winding did not 
improve and eventually at an on-board  meeting it was decided to switch over to the 
forward winch at Sta. 96. Although it was thought that the cable on the forward 
winch was in good condition (and the outer layers of the cable on the forward winch 
appeared to be in excellent condition) the cable was badly corroded on the lower 
layers on the winch drum. This resulted in the loss of the CTD-rosette on the first 
cast using the forward winch (at Sta. 96)- a significant expense and the core 
equipment needed for our mission. Fortunately, a full backup CTD-rosette package and 
spares was on board and was rapidly put into service.

The aft winch was used for the next several stations, with continued level-wind 
problems, which appeared to be severe enough to risk loss of the backup CTD-rosette 
package. Based on limited options and the observation that a sheave on the 
level-wind mechanism on the aft winch appeared to have more lateral play that the 
corresponding one on the forward winch (possibly due to worn bushings), the 
decision was made to swap the entire level-winding mechanisms between the forward 
and aft winches. Unfortunately, after completing the swap, level-winding on the aft 
winch during a test cast was still poor, possibly because of poor spooling on the 
lower layers already on the drum. A meeting of officers, department heads and chief 
scientists considered possible ways to proceed, including aborting the expedition 
to seek repairs at a U.S. port. Rather than abandon the mission altogether, a 
decision was made at the meeting to attempt to pay out and carefully respool almost 
the entire length of the aft winch cable (-8700 m) at sea. After the re-spool, the 
top - 1800 m of wire appeared to have damaged sections (possibly due to contact with 
the seafloor during the re-spooling operation) and was discarded. This left about 
6900 m of cable on the aft winch drum, which was adequate to allow us to complete 
the deepest stations (-6000 m) on the A16N section, barring further problems or 
losses.

After these re-spooling procedures and upon reattachment of the backup CTD-rosette 
package, the spooling of the cable on the aft winch was much improved and the aft 
winch worked well for their remainder of the cruise (46 additional stations), 
allowing us to complete the A16N section at 6°S.


First CTD Underwater Package (stations 1-96/2)

Sea-Bird instrumentation was mounted in a green 24-position aluminum rosette frame 
with 24 10-liter PVC water sample bottles and a 24-position carousel s/n 
3261831-0824 provided by AOML. The PVC rosette water sample bottles ('Bullister 
bottles') used were designed at PMEL. 'Bullister' bottles differ from standard 
Niskin bottles in that they have a modified end-cap to minimize the contact of the 
water sample with the end-cap O-rings after closing and utilize stainless steel 
springs covered with a nylon powder coat instead of internal elastic tubing for 
closing the bottles. These PMEL-designed bottles are also referred to as 'rosette 
water sample bottles' or 'Niskin bottles' in this report. Sea-Bird sensors on the 
first frame included AOML's 9plus CTD s/n 09P61828-1035 and TCO sensors: primary 
TCO s/n 03P-5403, 04C-3338, 43-1666 with 05T-5946 (stations 1-25) or 05T-3956 
(stations 26-96/2); and secondary TCO s/n 03P-2958 (stations 1-45) or 03P-5239 
(stations 26-96/2), 04C-3647, 43-1329 with 05T-1027 (stations 1-25) or 05T-5946 
(stations 26-96/2). Equal distance between the temperature sensors was PMEL's SBE 
35RT internally recording reference temperature sensor s/n 54996-0064. Also mounted 
on the underwater package was Eric Firing's RDI Workhorse 150 kHz downward looking 
LACDP and battery pack (not all casts), AOML's Simrad altimeter, PMEL's Metrox 
load cell s/n 8756, Norm Nelson's Wetlabs fluorometer s/n FLCDRTD-428, and Wilf 
Gardner's Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer s/n 507DR.


Second CTD Underwater Package (stations 96/4-150)

Sea-Bird instrumentation was mounted in a white 24-position aluminum frame with 20 
10-liter 'Bullister' bottles provided by AOML and 4 11-liter 'Bullister' bottles 
provided by PMEL.  The 24-position carousels employed were AOML's s/n 328531-0032 
(stations 96/4-98), PMEL's s/n 3210881-0053 (stations 99-103), and the trigger 
release mechanism of PMEL's s/n 3232696-0471 (stations 104-145).  Sea-Bird sensors 
on the second frame included AOML's 9plus CTD s/n 0957 and PMEL's TCO sensors: 
primary TCO s/n 03-02/F-1370, 04C-2882, 43-0312 (stations 96/4-100) or 43-2083 
(stations 101-145) with 05T-5855; and secondary TCO s/n 03-02-1710, 04C-3068, 43-1835 
with 05T-0819. Equal distance between the temperature sensors was PMEL's SBE 35RT 
internally recording reference temperature sensor s/n 54996-0072. Also mounted on 
the underwater package was AOML's RDI Workhorse 300 kHz downward looking LACDP and 
battery pack (not all casts), PMEL's Kongsberg altimeter s/n 1108078 and battery 
pack, and AOML's Wetlabs fluorometer s/n FLRTD-2088.




CTD Processing and Data Acquisition
  Principal Investigator: Gregory Johnson 
  Analytical Personnel: Kristy McTaggart 
  Institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA

The CTD data acquisition system consisted of the ship's SBE-llplus (V2) deck unit 
s/n 11P98520367 and a networked Dell Optiplex 755 PC workstation running Windows XP 
Professional. SBE Seasave v.7.21d software (c.2011) was used for data acquisition 
and to close bottles on the rosette. Real-time digital data were backed up by the 
data manager, and raw data files were archived immediately after each cast on a 
thumb drive as well as on Survey and PMEL networked PCs. No real-time data were 
lost during this cruise.

CTD deployments were initiated by Survey after the Bridge advised that the ship 
was on station. The computer console operator maintained a CTD Cast log recording 
position and depth information at the surface, depth, and end of each cast; a 
record of every attempt to close a bottle, and any pertinent comments.

After the underwater package entered the water, the winch operator would lower it 
to 15-30 meters and stop. The CTD pumps are configured with a 60-second startup 
delay, and were usually on by this time. The console operator checked the CTD data 
for reasonable values, waited an additional three minutes for sensors to stabilize, 
instructed the winch operator to bring the package to the surface, paused for 10 
seconds, and descended to a target depth. The profiling rate was nominally 30 m/min 
to 50 m, 45 m/min to 200 m, and 60 m/min deeper than 200 m. These rates could vary 
depending on sea cable tension and the sea state.

The console operator monitored the progress of the deployment and quality of the 
CTD data through interactive graphics and operational displays. The Chief or 
co-Chief created a sample log for the cast that would be used to record the water 
samples taken from each rosette sample bottle. The altimeter channel, CTD depth, 
wire-out, and EM122 bathymetric depth were all monitored to determine the distance 
of the package from the bottom allowing a safe approach to within 10 meters. The 
pinger was on and off the frame during the first half of leg 1 in order to 
troubleshoot possible magnetic interference with the LADCP. It was on the frame at 
station 45 to troubleshoot the Bathy 2010. The results were marginal at best. 
Apparently the Knudsen can track the bottom but not the pinger so the pinger was 
permanently removed.

Rosette sample bottles were closed on the upcast through the software, and were 
tripped 30 seconds after stopping at a bottle depth to allow the rosette wake to 
dissipate and the bottles to flush. The winch operator was instructed to proceed to 
the next bottle stop 15 seconds after closing bottles to ensure that stable CTD and 
reference temperature data were associated with the trip.

Near the surface, Survey directed the winch to stop the rosette just beneath the 
surface. After the surface bottle was closed, the package was recovered. Once on 
deck, the console operator terminated data acquisition, turned off the deck unit, 
and assisted with rosette sampling.

At the end of each cast, primary and secondary CTDO sensors were flushed with a 
solution of dilute Triton-X in de-ionized water using syringes fitted with tubing. 
The syringes were left attached to the temperature ducts between casts, with the 
temperature and conductivity sensors immersed in the solution to guard against 
airborne contaminants.


Acquisition Problems

The CTD was terminated on the aft 0.322 three-conductor winch cable. The electrical 
termination method used hot glue and heat shrink, and no armor to ground. Test cast 
999 to a depth of 213 meters was fully successful.

The transmissometer went to near zero values during the majority of each profile 
starting with station 2. Over the next several casts, connections were cleaned 
and reseated and the y-cable was replaced. At station 6 we realized that the 
previous profiles were actually reasonable data. Values greater than 5V were 
being reported as near zero values, e.g. 5.012V was being acquired as 0.012V, 
likely owing to a calibration error in the sensor itself. Wilf Gardner was 
confident that the data could be corrected post-cruise.

After station 26, the primary pump s/n 5946 (instead of the secondary pump s/n 
1027) was inadvertently replaced with pump s/n 3956. So the secondary pump s/n 
1027 was removed as intended and replaced with the primary pump s/n 5946. Prior to 
station 33, the secondary pump s/n 5946 was replaced with pump s/n 5416.

In order to further troubleshoot the transmissometer as requested by Wetlabs, the 
transmissometer was swapped with the fluorometer on the y-cable during station 42 
(V7 to V6). Prior to station 43 the opticals y-cable at the CTD was swapped with 
the load cell (A/D 4 to A/D 3). Neither of these changes affected the measured 
values.

Prior to station 46, the secondary temperature sensor s/n 2958 was replaced 
with s/n 5239 because it was drifting with station number.

The underwater package was stored for 12 days between station 70 and 71 during 
the in port in Madeira, and for about three days between stations 91 and 92 while 
detouring around Hurricane Humberto.

Prior to arrival at station 96, the underwater package was attached to the forward 
winch to evaluate its performance for A16S. At 2957 dbar on the downcast (2872 
meters wire out) the cable parted and the package was lost owing to excessive 
corrosion on the deeper layers of cable. A second package was quickly built and 
station 96 was reoccupied using the aft winch before continuing south.

Following station 97, the fluorometer cable was replaced and data quality was 
improved.

Following station 98, the trigger release mechanism on carousel s/n 328531-0032 
was replaced with the trigger release mechanism on carousel s/n 3210881-0053 
because the latch at position five was not releasing properly.

Between stations 98 and 99 (2.6 days), the level wind mechanisms of the forward and 
aft winches were swapped in an attempt to improve cable layers on the drum. 1000 
meters of CTD cable were cut off the aft winch in order to view the deeper layers 
on the drum without towing the cable. Success came after the full length of cable 
on the aft winch drum (8714 meters) was spooled out under tow into less than 5500 
meters of water with an 80 lb weight. The last 1740 meters of cable were cut off 
because of damage likely incurred from contact with the bottom. About 6900 meters 
of cable remained on the aft winch drum to continue CTD operations.

Following station 100, primary oxygen s/n 312 was replaced with s/n 2083 after 
drifting low by more than 40 umol/kg below 2000 dbar.

Following station 103, the trigger release mechanism on carousel s/n 3210881-0053 
was replaced with the trigger release mechanism on carousel s/n 3232696-0471 because 
the latch at position 17 was not releasing properly.

Prior to station 118, AOML's LADCP was mounted on the frame. For station 118 and 
subsequent stations, the altimeter profiles were very noisy in spite of replacing 
the altimeter, the battery pack, and both cables. Only the adapter cable at the CTD 
could not be replaced because the spare was lost with the first underwater package. 
The fluorometer was removed after station 126 because it was echoing the altimeter 
noise (voltage 4) in the fluorometer profile (voltage 6). Then the altimeter was 
moved to voltage 6. None of these changes, implemented singly cast by cast, 
improved the altimeter signal displayed on the computer. However, the trace was 
such that a trend could be followed and the package stopped at a safe distance from 
the sea floor. Prior to station 139, the 300 kHz LADCP was removed from the frame 
and the 200 kHz altimeter trace was completely clean. When the LADCP was put back 
on the frame, the altimeter trace was noisy again.


CTD Data Processing

The reduction of profile data began with a standard suite of processing modules 
using Sea-Bird Data Processing Version 7.21d software (Version 7.23.1 post-
cruise) in the following order:

DATCNV converts raw data into engineering units and creates a .ROS bottle file. 
Both down and up casts were processed for scan, elapsed time(s), pressure, tO, tl, 
cO, cl, oxvol, oxvo2, oxl and ox2. Optical sensor data were converted to voltages 
and also carried through the processing stream. MARKSCAN was used to skip over 
scans acquired on deck and while priming the system under water.

ALIGNCTD aligns temperature, conductivity, and oxygen measurements in time relative 
to pressure to ensure that derived parameters are made using measurements from the 
same parcel of water. Primary and secondary conductivity were automatically 
advanced in the V2 deck unit by 0.073 seconds. No further alignment was warranted. 
It was not necessary to align temperature or oxygen.

BOTTLESUM averages burst data over an 8-second interval (+1- 4 seconds of the 
confirm bit) and derives both primary and secondary salinity, potential 
temperature (0), and potential density anomaly (). Primary and secondary oxygen 
(in umol/kg) were derived in DATCNV and averaged in BOTTLESUM, as recommended 
recently by Sea-Bird.

FILTER applies a low pass filter to pressure with a time constant of 0.15 
seconds. In order to produce zero phase (no time shift) the filter is first 
run forward through the file and then run backwards through the file.

CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects 
from measured conductivity. In areas with steep temperature gradients the thermal 
mass correction is on the order of 0.005 PSS-78. In other areas the correction is 
negligible. Nominal values of 0.03 and 7.0 s were used for the thermal anomaly 
amplitude (α) and the thermal anomaly time constant (β-1), respectively, as 
suggested by Sea-Bird.

LOOPEDIT removes scans associated with pressure slowdowns and reversals. If the CTD 
velocity is less than 0.25 m s-1 or the pressure is not greater than the previous 
maximum scan, the scan is omitted.

DERIVE uses 1-dbar averaged pressure, temperature, and conductivity to compute 
primary and secondary salinity, as well as more accurate oxygen values.

BINAVG averages the data into 1-dbar bins. Each bin is centered on an integer 
pressure value, e.g. the 1-dbar bin averages scans where pressure is between 0.5 
dbar and 1.5 dbar. There is no surface bin. The number of points averaged in each 
bin is included in the data file.

STRIP removes oxygen that was derived in DATCNV.

TRANS converts the binary data file to ASCII format.

Package slowdowns and reversals owing to ship roll can move mixed water in tow to in 
front of the CTD sensors and create artificial density inversions and other 
artifacts. In addition to Seasoft module LOOPEDIT, MATLAB program deloop.m computes 
values of density locally referenced between every 1 dbar of pressure to compute the 
square of the buoyancy frequency, N2, and linearly interpolates temperature, 
conductivity, and oxygen voltage over those records where N2 is less than or equal to 
-1 x 10-5 s-2.  Some profiles failed the criteria in the top 9 dbars. These data were 
retained by program deloop_post.m and will be flagged as questionable in the final 
WOCE formatted files.

Program calctd.m reads the delooped data files and applies preliminary calibrations 
to temperature, conductivity, and oxygen; and computes calibrated salinity.


Pressure Calibration

Pre-cruise pressure calibrations did not account for the 1.7 dbar mean offset that 
existed with CTD s/n 09P61828-1035 used for casts 0011-0962, or the 2.4 dbar mean 
offset that existed with CTD s/n 0957 used for casts 0964-1451. These offsets were 
not applied during the cruise but were subtracted prior to preliminary salinity and 
oxygen calibrations and to the preliminary data set at the end of the cruise.

On-deck pressure readings prior to each cast were examined at sea and their offsets 
remained within 1 dbar throughout the cruise. Differences between first and last 
submerged pressures for each cast were also examined and the residual pressure 
offsets were also less than 1 dbar.

Post-cruise, the ship's barometric pressure record was used to correct the CTD 
pressure sensor by -1.6814 dbar for CTD s/n 09P61828-1035 and -2.4505 dbar for CTD 
s/n 0957.  This uniform correction was based on comparing in-air pressure values 
from the CTD to the ship's barometer and setting the pressure to 0 dbar at standard 
atmospheric pressure (1013.25 millibar), which is the TEOS-10 definition.  

Pressure calibrations were applied to profile data using program calctd.m and to 
burst data using calclo.m.


Temperature Calibration

A viscous heating correction of -0.0006°C was applied at sea (as recommended by 
Sea-Bird) prior to preliminary temperature, conductivity, and oxygen calibrations; 
and to the preliminary data set at the end of the cruise.

Post-cruise, SBE 35 reference temperature sensor data were used to correct SBE 3 
temperature sensor data.  For each SBE 3 sensor, residuals between its data and that 
from the SBE 35 were minimized to determine an offset, slope, and pressure 
correction term to be applied to temperatures below a determined pressure.  For 
primary temperature sensor s/n 5403 (stations 1-95), these values were 4.2794e-04, 
9.0016e-06, -2.4709e-07, and 3415 dbar, respectively.  For secondary temperature 
sensor s/n 1710 (stations 96-145), these values were 7.7731e-04, 2.5514e-8, -
3.1140e-7, and 1450 dbar, respectively.

Temperature corrections were applied to profile data using program calctd.m and to 
burst data using calclo.m.


Conductivity Calibration

Seasoft module BOTTLESUM creates a sample file for each cast. These files were 
appended using program sbecal.f. Program addsal.f matched sample salinities to CTD 
salinities by station/sample number.

For primary conductivity sensor s/n 3338, a single conductivity bias, a single 
pressure correction (pressure times measured conductivity), and a 5th order 
station-dependent slope were determined using program calcop5.m to  produce the 
best fit to sample data for stations 1-95:

number of points used       1812
total number of points      2184
% of points used in fit       82.97
fit standard deviation         0.001384
fit bias                       0.0032037547
fit co pressure correction    -2.5641484e-007
min fit slope                  0.99987196
max fit slope                  0.9999434

For secondary conductivity sensor s/n 3068, a single conductivity bias and a linear 
station-dependent slope were determined using program calcos1.m to produce the best 
fit to sample data for stations 96-145:

number of points used        969
total number of points      1180
% of points used in fit       82.12
fit standard deviation         0.001305
fit bias                      -0.0022319781
min fit slope                  1.0000634
max fit slope                  1.0001293


Fig. 1.3:  Conductivity calibrations were applied to profile data using program 
           calctd.m and to burst data using calclo.m. CTD-bottle conductivity 
           differences plotted against station number (top figure) and pressure 
           (bottom figure ) allow a visual assessment of the success of the fits.


Oxygen Calibration

A hybrid of the Owens-Millard (1985) and Murphy-Larson (revised 2010) oxygen sensor 
modeling equations was used to calibrate the SBE-43 oxygen sensor data from this 
cruise. The equation has the form

 Ox=Soc*(V+Voff+Tau*exp(DI*P+D2*T).*dVdt).*Os.*exp(Tcor*T).*exp(Pcor*P./(273.15+T));

Where Ox is the CTD oxygen (in umol/kg), V is the measured oxygen voltage (in 
volts), dVdt is the temporal gradient of the oxygen voltage (in volts/s estimated 
by running linear fits made over 5 seconds), P is the CTD pressure (in dbar), T is 
the CTD temperature (in °C), and Os is the oxygen saturation computed from the CTD 
data following Garcia & Gordon (1992). Oxygen sensor hysteresis was improved by 
matching upcast bottle oxygen data to downcast CTD data by potential density 
anomalies referenced to the closest 1000-dbar interval using program match_sgn.m. 
We used the values provided by SBE for each sensor for the constants Dl (1.9263e4) 
and D2 (-4.6480e-2) to model the pressure and temperature dependence of the response 
time for the sensor. For each group of stations fit we determined values of Soc 
(sometimes station dependent), Voff, Tau, Tcor, and Pcor by minimizing the 
residuals between the bottle oxygen and CTD oxygen. W represents fitting switches. 
If the switches are set to 0,0 the fit is a regular L2 (least squares) norm for the 
entire group. If the switches are set to 1,0 the fit is a regular L2 norm for the 
entire group but with a slope that is a linear function of station number. If the 
switches are set to 2,0 the program first fits the entire group, then goes back and 
fits a slope and bias to individual stations, keeping the other parameters at the 
group values. If the switches are set to 0,1 the fit is a regular L2 norm for the 
entire group but it is weighted by the nominal oxygen bottle spacing, thus fitting 
the deep portion of the water column better.

Program addsal.f matched bottle sample oxygen values to CTD oxygen values by 
station/sample number. Program run_oxygen_cal_ml.m was used to determine 
calibration coefficients for five station groupings for s/n 1666 determined by 
visual inspection:

   
Stns   Soc Range      Voff     Tau     Tcor     Pcor    Points  Used   StdDev  W
-----  -------------  -------  ------  -------  ------  ------  -----  ------  ---
 1-21  0.5666-0.5707  -0.4847  5.6445  -0.0020  0.0393  445     86.3%  0.9426  1,1
21-49  0.5754-0.5725  -0.4942  6.6770  -0.0022  0.0396  683     88.4%  1.1352  1,1
49-51  0.5709-0.5729  -0.4943  6.5008  -0.0020  0.0397   71     90.1%  0.8622  1,1
52-76  0.5758-0.5767  -0.4976  4.5274  -0.0020  0.0398  599     91.4%  0.9656  1,1
77-95  0.5762-0.5789  -0.4976  6.6706  -0.0021  0.0397  453     87.9%  0.8445  1,1



Calibration coefficients for the first station grouping for s/n 1835 were used 
for stations 96-100, and then four groupings for s/n 2083 were used for stations 
101-145 determined by visual inspection:


Stns     Soc Range  Voff     Tau     Tcor     Pcor    Points  Used   StdDev  W
-------  ---------  -------  ------  -------  ------  ------  -----  ------  ---  
 96-112  0.3675     -0.6714  6.7454  -0.0006  0.0383   24 ea  87.5%  1.3179  2,0
101-108  0.5729     -0.4969  4.0391  -0.0011  0.0391  184     90.2%  1.0709  0,0
109-117  0.5768     -0.4999  4.3067  -0.0013  0.0392  214     89.2%  0.7842  1,1
118-138  0.5795     -0.5083  5.5426  -0.0010  0.0397  502     89.4%  0.8343  0,1
139-145  0.5818     -0.5081  5.9109  -0.0011  0.0396  168     91.7%  0.6427  0,0



Oxygen calibration coefficients were applied to profile data using program 
calctd.m, and to burst data using calclo.m.


Fig. 1.4:  Calibrated CTD - bottle oxygen differences plotted against station 
           number (top figure) and pressure (bottom figure) allow a visual 
           assessment of the success of the fits.


Despiking

Station 96 oxygen profile was despiked between 2635 and 2658 dbar.  Oxygen values 
were interpolated over this pressure range  using program select_interp_ranges.m and 
apply_interp_sal_ox.m. Interpolated records are indicated with WOCE quality flags of 
6.


Bottle Sampling

The NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown has two Markey DESH-5 winches. The aft winch was 
used for all 145 occupied stations. One incomplete cast was used on the forward 
winch that resulted in the loss of the primary package.

Most rosette casts were lowered to within 8-50 meters of the bottom, using an 
altimeter to determine distance above bottom. Details of these bottom 
approaches can be found in the Appendix.

A sample plan was utilized to stagger sample depths for all stations throughout 
A16N_2013. Staggering sample depths was to avoid spatial aliasing with in this 
sample data set (see Fig. 1.2).

The 24-place SBE32 carousel had few bottle lanyard or mis-tripped bottle problems. 
Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis. O-rings were changed and 
lanyards repaired as necessary. Rosette bottle maintenance was performed each day 
to insure proper closure and sealing. Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired 
or replaced as needed. Periodic leaks were noted on sample logs. Log notes were 
cross-referenced with sample data values and quality coded. Log notes, mis-trips, 
bottle lanyard issues and associated quality codes can be found in the Appendix.

At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the rosette 
bottles in the following order:

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and SF6
• 3He
• O2
• Dicrete pCO2
• Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)
• N2O Isotopes
• pH
• Total Alkalinity (TAlk)
• 14C of Black Carbon
• 14C DIC
• Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
• 15N / 18O
• 18O/16O
• Tritium
• Nutrients
• Density
• Salinity
• Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)
• Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)

The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette bottle 
position (1-24) from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log 
for the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted 
about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was designated the 
sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this log and insure that 
sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.

Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve and then the air vent on 
the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped. This observation together with 
other diagnostic comments (e.g., 'lanyard caught in lid', 'valve left open") that 
might later prove useful in determining sample integrity were routinely noted on 
the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the draw temperature 
from the bottle. The temperature was noted on the sample log and was sometimes 
useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles.

Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were 
distributed for analysis. On-board analysis were performed on 
computer-assisted (PC) analytical equipment networked to the data processing 
computer for centralized data management.





Bottle Data Processing
  Principal Investigator: Jim Swift 
  Analytical Personnel: Courtney Schatzman Institution: Scripps   
  Institution of Oceanography/University of California at San Diego


Shipboard CTDO data were re-processed automatically at the end of each deployment 
using SIO/ODF CTD processing software v.5.2.0. The raw CTDO data and bottle trips 
acquired by SBE SeaSave on the Windows XP workstation were copied onto the Linux 
database and web server system. Pre-cruise calibration data were applied to CTD 
Pressure, Temperature and Conductivity sensor data, then the data were processed to 
a 0.5-second time series. A 1-decibar down-cast pressure series was created from 
the time series; CTDO data from down-casts were matched along isopycnals to up-cast 
trips and extracted, then fit to bottle O2 data at trips. The pressure series data 
were used by the web service for interactive plots, sections and on-board CTDO data 
distribution; the 0.5 second time series data were also available for distribution 
through the web service.

CTDO data at bottle trips were extracted and added to the bottle database to use 
for CTD Pressure, Temperature and Salinity data in the preliminary bottle files. 
Downcast CTDO data, matched to up-cast bottle trips along isopycnals, were used 
for preliminary bottle file CTDO data. When final CTDO data were submitted, the 
NOAA/PMEL final PTSO data replaced the preliminary SIO/ODF CTD data in the bottle 
files.

Water samples collected and properties analyzed shipboard were managed centrally in 
a relational database (PostgreSQL-8.1.23-6.e15_8) run on a CentOS-5.9 Linux system. 
A web service (OpenACS5.3.2-3 and AOLServer-4.5.1-1) front-end provided ship-wide 
access to CTD and water sample data. Web-based facilities included on-demand 
arbitrary property-property plots and vertical sections as well as data uploads and 
downloads.

The Sample Log information (and any diagnostic comments) were entered into the 
database once sampling was completed. Quality flags associated with sampled 
properties were set to indicate that the property had been sampled, and sample 
container identifications were noted where applicable (e.g., oxygen flask number).

Analytical results were provided on a regular basis by the various analytical 
groups and incorporated into the database. These results included a quality 
code associated with each measured value and followed the coding scheme 
developed for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic 
Programme (WHP) [Joyc94].

Various consistency checks and detailed examination of the data continued 
throughout the cruise. A summary of Bottle Data Quality Codes and sampling comments 
are included in the Appendix.


Analytical Problems

CTD cast and sample collection logs were used to note bottle malfunctions, rosette 
anomalies, missed or accidental trips, bottle contamination, winch problems, cast 
irregularities and loss of data. Bottle data and analytical issues are detailed in 
the quality code and comments table portion of the Appendix.

Few recorded mis-trips occurred on either leg of A16N_2013. Station-cast 4/1, 
oxygen draw temperature had a high reading on bottle 16; further study of 
nutrients, oxygen and salinity data indicated a mis-trip. Station-cast 132/1, 
oxygen draw temperature had a high reading on bottle 12; nutrient, oxygen and 
salinity samples indicated a mis-trip.

The digital reversing thermometer (SBE35RT) bottle-trip data was over written due 
to limited memory space resulting in loss of data; those stations-casts are 13/1 
bottles 12-24, 16/1 bottles 18-20, 77/1 bottles 12-24, 78/1 bottles 1-24, 125/1 
bottles 12-24 and 139/1 bottles 12-24.

Potential for contamination to samples drawn near the surface were noted on the 
CTD cast log sheet was noted on station 56 after a small boat deployment took 
place at the beginning of this cast as well as a phosphoric acid-wash on outer 
hull at the end of the same cast.

During stations 80-99 of the second Leg of A16N_2013, there were wire spooling 
problems with the aft winch. On many of these stations, winch difficulties altered 
the timing (velocity) of the CTD up-cast. In severe cases (stations listed below), 
difficulties spooling the wire (on the up-cast) required an interruption to let 
wire back out to re-spool troublesome sections. Increased pressure on bottle 
samples collected thus far could be compromised. The reason is that water can be 
forced back in to the sample bottle as it is lowered back down in the water column 
to greater pressures. Although these 'closed bottle' descents were usually on the 
order of 5 meters, in some instances they were as large as 30-50 meters. A 
worst-case estimate of the extent to which an individual bottle samples may have 
been contaminated can be derived from in-situ density changes encountered during 
the descent.

For an extreme example, we consider rosette sample bottle 1 from cast 80. This 
bottle was closed at 4586 meters, raised to 1338 meters, lowered to 1361 meters, 
then raised to the surface.

Assuming the waters pressed back in were from - 1338m (worst case scenario -wcs) 
and no elasticity in the sample bottle or seals, then:

Leaked in S= 35.3, T=6.64, O2= 241.2, and from the CTD profile we have:

                        σ at 1338 m = 32.269, ρ1338 = 1032.269
                        σ at 1362 m = 32.281, ρ1362 = 1032.281

From which these relative change in specific volume (the volumetric change do to 
compression) of the sample can be computed.

                         (ρ1362 - ρ1338)/ρ1338 = 1.16 x 10-5

Presuming that this relative amount from 1338 m (again, wcs) was pushed back into 
the deepest (wcs) bottle, we can estimate the impacts on that sample's T, S and 
salinity as follows:

                                                                          -5          -6
S4586 = 34.9, S1338 = 35.3, calculated anomaly = (35.3 - 34.9) x 1.16 x 10  = 4.6 x 10

                                                                         -5          -5
T4586 = 2.40, T1338 = 6.64, calculated anomaly= (6.64 - 2.40) x 1.16 x 10  = 4.9 x 10  °C 

                                                                     -5          -4
O2,4586, O2,1338 = 241.2, calculated anomaly = (241.2-180) x 1.16 x 10  = 7.1 x 10  µmol/kg


In this worst case scenario calculation, all of these anomalies are far smaller than 
the measurement precisions for S, T and O2 of ± 2x10(^-3), ± 2x10(^-3)°C, and ± 1 
µmol/kg, respectively. As a consequence, the rosette bottles which were re-lowered to 
deeper depths after closing (see Table 1 below) were not assigned quality flags of 
'3' (questionable) or '4' (bad) because of this process.


Table 1:  A16N_2013 List of stations where sample bottles closed during CTD up-cast 
          were later re-lowered to re-spool the aft winch cable.

                  Station  Decent Range of CTD (m)  Bottle Affected
                  -------  -----------------------  ---------------
                    80            1338-1362              1-9
                                   623-638               1-13
                    83            1267-1282              1-10
                                  2203-2209              1-7
                                  2031-2038              1-7
                                  1676-1677              1-8
                                  1278-1290              1-10
                    85             149-164               1-18
                    88            1325-1347              1-9
                    89            1329-1333              1-10
                                  2100-2120              1-8
                    90            2669-2670              1-6
                    91            1264-1288              1-9
                    92            1326-1376              1-8
                                  1364-1371              1-8
                                   646-655               1-13
                                   634-664               1-13
                    93            2723-2730              1-5
                                  2728-2730              1-5
                                  2708-2710              1-5
                    95            2706-2719              1-5
                                   754-766               1-12
                    97            2718-2710              1-5





Salinity
  Principal Investigator: Molly Baringer
  Analytical Personnel: Andrew Stefanick & James Hooper
  Institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA


Figure 2.1:  A l6N bottle Salinity


Equipment and Techniques

A Guildline Autosal, model 8400B salinometer, located in salinity analysis room, 
was used for all salinity measurements. The salinometer readings were logged on a 
computer using Ocean Scientific International's logging hardware and software. The 
Autosal's water bath temperature was set to 24°C, which the Autosal is designed to 
automatically maintain. To help further stabilize reading values and improve 
accuracy, the laboratory's temperature was also set and maintained to just below 
24°C. As an additional safeguard, the Autosal was powered using the ship's clean 
power to minimize electrical noise.

Salinity analyses were performed after samples had equilibrated to laboratory 
temperature, usually over 24 hours after collection. The salinometer was 
standardized for each group of samples analyzed (usually 2 casts and up to 50 
samples) using two bottles of standard seawater: one at the beginning and at the 
end of each set of measurements. The salinometer output was logged to a computer 
file. The software prompted the analyst to flush the instrument's cell and change 
samples when appropriate. For each sample, the salinometer cell was initially 
flushed at least 3 times before a set of conductivity ratio readings were taken.


Standards

IAPSO Standard Seawater Batch P-155 was used to standardize all casts.


Sampling and Data Processing

The salinity samples were collected in 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate 
bottles that had been rinsed at least three times with sample water prior to 
filling. The bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and 
Nalgene screw caps. This assembly provides very low container dissolution and 
sample evaporation. Prior to sample collection, inserts were inspected for proper 
fit and loose inserts replaced to insure an airtight seal. Laboratory temperature 
was also monitored electronically throughout the cruise. PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] 
was calculated for each sample from the measured conductivity ratios. The offset 
between the initial standard seawater value and its reference value was applied to 
each sample. Then the difference (if any) between the initial and final vials of 
standard seawater was applied to each sample as a linear function of elapsed run 
time. The corrected salinity data was then incorporated into the cruise database. 
When duplicate measurements were deemed to have been collected and run properly, 
they were averaged and submitted with a quality flag of 6.

On A16N 2013, approximately 4117 salinity measurements were reported and 
approximately 148 vials of standard seawater (SSW) were used. A duplicate sample 
was drawn from each cast to determine total analytical precision.


Fig. 2.1:  A16N Salinity Duplicates

Fig. 2.2:  A16N Salinity Station Duplicates



Analytical Problems

For the sample analysis a newly calibrated Guildine Autosal 8400B serial number: 
60843 was used. The calibration date is July 20, 2013 and this was the first 
analysis done on the machine since calibration. It was setup up in the aft 
hydrolab's climate controlled room which is set at 24°C. Also setup in that room as 
a backup was Guildline Autosal 8400b serial number 61664 with a calibration date of 
June 11, 2012. The unit had been setup in the analysis room already and used on 
previous trips. A small squealing sound was heard and after inspection found that 
the cooling fan on the 61644 was seized. The fan was replaced with a spare. After 
allowing time to acclimate, it was observed that the heater lamps in the water bath 
of the 61644 were not cycling. The Heater lamps were tested and replaced and found 
to work properly but still not cycling. After measuring the temperature of the 
water bath it was found to be at 27.5°C when the machine was set to maintain 24°C. 
It is possible that the thermal cooling unit may have stopped working on that unit. 
The backup Autosal was replaced by serial number 61688 with a calibration date of 
June 11, 2012. It was the first time the unit had been setup since coming back from 
calibration. During normal analysis runs a substandard of standard seawater was 
used before the initial beginning calibration. It was run as a sample with multiple 
flushes to ensure there was no drift in measurement readings upon the start-up of a 
sample run.

At the initial sample run on Autosal 60843 of the second leg of A16N_2013 (repeat 
of station 071), it was observed that the sample flow rate through the conductivity 
cell was slow. All air and water tubes were checked and it was found that the end 
tubing on the drain side of the cell inside the water bath had become dislodged. 
The autosal was momentarily turned off for repairs. The cabinet was opened, and the 
cell was removed to gain access to replace the tubing that had fallen off. After 
the unit was repaired and powered on, it was allowed to sit for the bath to 
acclimate as a precaution before running samples.

During the sample run for stations 73 and 74 the drain function was inoperable for 
the last two samples. Upon inspection it was found that the Cell tube fill had 
become disconnected causing an air bleed.






Oxygen Analysis
  Principal Investigator: Chris Langdon
  Analytical Personnel: Laura Stoltenberg
  Institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami


Fig. 3.1:  A16N bottle oxygen


Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved oxygen analysis were performed with an automated titrator using 
amperometric endpoint detection [Lang10]. Sample titration, data logging, and 
graphical display were performed with a PC running a LabView program written by 
Ulises Rivero of AOML. Lab temperature was maintained at 19.5-25.4°C. The 
temperature corrected molarity of the thiosulfate titrant was determined as given 
by [DOE94]. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a 
stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to 
confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or 
superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter 
[Carp65], with modifications by Culberson et al. [Culb9l], was used. Three to four 
replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run every 3-4 days (SD<1 uL). Standards 
prepared with KlO3 solution were made at AOML prior to departure and were compared 
with standards prepared using KlO3 certified reference material obtained from 
Guildline Instruments. The KlO3 solutions from Guildeline were certified to be 
1.667 millimolar (0.0100 N).

A total of six standards were prepared using AOML (0.0100 N) KlO3 solutions and six 
using the Guildline OSIL certified iodate solution (bottles 26017 and 26020). The 
differences between the means of six replicate titrations using the AOML or the 
OSIL KIO3were not significantly different (2sided T-test, t=-0.84, df=11, p=0.41, 
difference between means = -0.41 µL, NS). The reagent blank determined as the 
difference between V1 and V2, the volumes of thiosulfate required to titrate 1-ml 
aliquots of the iodate standard, was determined at the beginning, middle and end of 
the cruise.


Sampling and Data Processing

Dissolved oxygen samples were drawn from sample bottles into calibrated 125-150 ml 
iodine titration flasks using silicon tubing to avoid contamination of DOC and CDOM 
samples. Samples were drawn by counting while the flask was allowed to fill at full 
flow from the rosette sample bottles. This count was then doubled and repeated 
thereby allowing the flask to be overflowed by two flask volumes. At this point the 
silicone tubing was pinched to reduce the flow to a trickle. This was continued 
until a stable draw temperature was obtained on the Oakton meter. These 
temperatures were used to calculate mol/kg concentrations, and provide a diagnostic 
check of sample bottle integrity. 1 ml of MnCl2 and 1 ml of NaOH/NaI were added 
immediately after drawing the sample was concluded using a Repipetor. The flasks 
were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to 
create a water seal. 24 samples plus two duplicates were drawn at each station. The 
total number of samples reported from the rosette was 3389.
The samples were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for 
1.5 hours before analysis. The data were incorporated into the cruise database 
shortly after analysis.

Thiosulfate normality was calculated at the laboratory temperature for each run and 
corrected to the laboratory temperature. This temperature ranged between 22.4 and 
25.1°C during the first section of A16N_2013 and 19.5 and 25.4°C during the second 
section of A16N_2013.


Volumetric Calibration

The dispenser used for the standard solution (SOCOREX Calibrex 520) and the burette 
were calibrated gravimetrically just before the cruise. Oxygen flask volumes were 
determined gravimetrically with degassed deionized water at AOML. The correction 
for buoyancy was applied. Flask volumes were corrected to the draw temperature.


Duplicate Samples

Duplicate samples were drawn at two depths on every cast. The samples 
selected for the duplicates and hence the oxygen flasks were changed for 
each cast. A total of 243 sets of duplicates were run. The average standard 
deviation of all sets was 0.17 mol/kg.

Standard deviation of duplicate oxygen analysis performed during A16N_2013. Median 
was 0.13 mol/kg, IQR was 0.06-0.22 mol/kg, n was 243.


Quality Coding

Preliminary quality code flags have been assigned to the oxygen data. Three were 
coded 'bad' based on sample bottle mis-trips. Seventeen were flagged based on 
comparison with the preliminary calibrated CTD oxygen profiles.


Problems

Midway through the first leg titrator AOML 1 failed to read the detector current on 
two successive titrations. The unit was replaced with AOML 3 on (8/17/13 Station 
57). Fresh standards were run at the time of the changeover but no significant 
change in the standard was observed. Based on this it was concluded that no 
correction to subsequent oxygen values was indicated. Three cases of flasks were 
determined to have poorly fitting stoppers and were replaced with different flasks 
during the cruise, after giving consistently poor replication of the duplicates. At 
two points in the cruise the NaI/NaOH was found to be sticking and was replaced. 
None of these problems ever rose to the point that the errors exceed 1 mol/kg.


Cross-over Comparisons

A preliminary analysis of the existence of any systematic bias in the present data 
set (A16N_2013) relative to past cruises that have intersected or passed along the 
same line was conducted during the first section of A16N_2013. Discrete oxygen data 
(z>3500 m) from cruises that have occupied stations along 20 W between 40 and 60 N 
and the corresponding average oxygen concentration (z>3500 m) from the present 
cruise.








Nutrients
  Principal Investigators: Jia-Zhong Zhang & Calvin Mordy
  Analytical Personnel: Eric Wisegarver & Charles Fischer
  Institutions: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA & 
    Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA


Fig. 4.1:  A16N_2013 silicate 

Fig. 4.2:  A16N_2013 nitrate

Fig. 4.3:  A16N_2013 phosphate

Fig. 4.4:  A16N_2013 nitrite



Equipment and Techniques

Dissolved nutrients (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were measured by 
using an automated continuous flow analytical system with segmented flow and 
colorimetric detection.

The major components of the nutrient system consisted of an Alpkem auto-sampler, 
(model 301), two Ismatek pumps, four Lab Alliance monochromator detectors (model 
500) and custom software for digitally logging and processing the chromatograms. In 
addition, glass coils were used for the mixing of the nutrients. Detailed 
methodologies are described by[Gord94]. All the pump tubing was replaced at least 
three times during the A16N_2013 cruise. 

Silicic acid was analyzed using a modification of[Arms67] An acidic solution of 
ammonium molybdate was added to a seawater sample to produce silicomolybdic acid. 
Oxalic acid was then added to inhibit a secondary reaction with phosphate. Finally, 
a reaction with ascorbic acid formed the blue compound silicomolybdous acid. The 
color formation was detected at 814 nm. The use of oxalic acid and ascorbic acid 
(instead of tartaric acid and stannous chloride [Gord94] were employed to reduce 
the toxicity of our waste steam.

Nitrate and Nitrite analysis were also a modification of [Arms67]. Nitrate was 
reduced to nitrite via a copperized cadmium column to form a red azo dye by 
complexing nitrite with sulfanilamide and N-1-naphthylethylenediamine (NED). Color 
formation was detected at 540 nm. The same technique was used to measure nitrite, 
(excluding the reduction step).

Phosphate analysis was based on a technique [Bern67]. An acidic solution of 
ammonium molybdate was added to the sample to produce phosphomolybdate acid. This 
was reduced to the blue compound phosphomolybdous acid following the addition of 
hydrazine sulfate. The color formation was detected at 819 nm.



Sampling and Standards

Nutrient samples were drawn in 30m1 HDPE Nalgene sample bottles that had been 
stored in 10% HCl. The bottles were rinsed 3-4 times with sample prior to filling. 
A replicate was normally drawn from the deepest rosette sample bottle at each 
station for quality control. Samples were then brought to room temperature prior to 
analysis. Freshly mixed working standards were prepared before each analysis. Each 
analytical run consisted of 3 DIW blanks, 3 matrix blanks (seawater and DIW mixed 
in the same proportions as in the standards), 4 replicate standards, samples and 
replicate samples, and then the same set of standards and blanks (with one 
additional matrix blank) run in the reverse order. Also, one mixed working standard 
from the previous analytical run was used at the beginning of the new run to 
determine differences between the two standards. Samples were analyzed from deep 
water to the surface. Low Nutrient Seawater (LNSW) was used as a wash, base line 
carrier and medium for the working standards.

The working standards were prepared daily and were made by the addition of 0.2m1 of 
primary nitrite standard and 15.0 ml of a secondary mixed standard (containing 
silicic acid, nitrate, and phosphate) into a 500m1 calibrated volumetric flask of 
LNSW.

Primary standards were made using dry standards of a high purity that were 
pre-weighed at PMEL and were dissolved at sea suing calibrated lab ware. The 
secondary mixed standard was prepared by the addition of 30 ml of a 
nitrate-phosphate primary standard to the silicic acid standard. Nutrient 
concentrations were reported in moles per liter. Lab temperatures were recorded for 
each analytical run for later conversion into micromole/kg. 

Table 4.1:  A16N_2013 summary of sample and replicate analysis.


                                        Phosphate  Silicic Acid  Nitrate
      --------------------------------  ---------  ------------  -------
      Number of Samples                  4148         4148       4124
      Total number of replicates          647          640        645
      Mean standard deviation (µM)          0.004        0.06       0.04
      Mean Coefficient of Variation (%)     0.40         0.50       0.40



Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
  Principal Investigator: John Bullister
  Analytical Personnel: David Wisegarver, Jennifer Hertzberg & Kyra Freeman
  Institution: NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory



Fig. 5.1:  A16N_2013 CFC-11

Fig. 5.2:  A16N_2013 CFC-12

Fig. 5.3:  A16N_2013 SF6



Equipment and Techniques

A PMEL analytical system [Bull08] was used for CFC-11, CFC-12, sulfur hexafluoride 
(SF6) and nitrous oxide (N2O) analysis on the 2013 CLIVAR A16N_2013 expedition. 
Approximately 2800 samples of dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6 ('CFC/SF6') and N2O 
were analyzed. In addition, a small set of samples were taken for the analysis of 
CF3SF5. This compound was injected into the water column along an isopycnal surface 
(sigma-theta=26.88) near 9°N 24°W in 2008 as part of a deliberate tracer release 
experiment [Bany12]. Several follow-up cruises during the next 30 months monitored 
the spreading of this compound in the region and this spreading was used to 
estimate mixing rates. Based on the mapping results for this compound reported in 
[Bany12] we sampled several stations along the A16N_2013 section at depths of 
approximately 200m above or below the 26.88 isopycnal to further monitor the 
spread of this tracer in this region. Some dissolved CF3SF5 was detected at these 
stations and the results are included in the A16N_2013 data report.

In general, the CFC/SF6 analytical system performed well on the cruise. However, 
SF6 measurements in seawater remain extremely challenging. Typical dissolved SF6 
concentrations in modern surface water are about 1-2 fmol kg-1 (1 fmol= femtomole = 
10-15 moles), approximately 1000 times lower than dissolved CFC-11 and CFC-12 
concentrations. The limit of detection for SF6 on the A16N_2013 cruise was 
approximately 0.03 fmol kg-1. Improvements in the analytical sensitivity to this 
compound at low concentrations are essential to make these measurements more 
routine on future CLIVAR/GO-SHIP cruises.

When taken, water samples collected for dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 analysis 
were the first samples drawn from the rosette sample bottles. Care was taken to 
coordinate the sampling of CFC/SF6 with other samples to minimize the time between 
the initial opening of each bottle and the completion of sample drawing. Samples 
easily impacted by gas exchange (dissolved oxygen, 3He, pCO2, DIC and pH) were 
collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle. To minimize 
contact with air, the CFC/SF6 samples were drawn directly through the stopcocks of 
the bottles into 250 ml precision glass syringes equipped with three-way plastic 
stopcocks. The syringes were immersed in a holding tank of clean surface seawater 
held at 10°C until 20 minutes before being analyzed. At that time, the syringe was 
place in a bath of surface seawater heated to 30°C.

For atmospheric sampling, a 75 m length of 3/8' OD Dekaron tubing was run from the 
CFC van located on the fantail to the bow of the ship. A flow of air was drawn 
through this line into the main laboratory using an Air Cadet pump. The air was 
compressed in the pump, with the downstream pressure held at 1.5 atm. using a back 
pressure regulator. A tee allowed a flow of 100 ml/min of the compressed air to be 
directed to the gas sample valves of the CFC/SF6 analytical systems, while the bulk 
flow of the air (>7 liters /min) was vented through the back-pressure regulator. 
Air samples were analyzed only when the relative wind direction was within 60 
degrees of the bow of the ship to reduce the possibility of shipboard 
contamination. Analysis of bow air was performed at 10 locations along the cruise 
track. At each location, at least five air measurements were made to determine the 
precision of the measurements.



Analysis

Concentrations of CFC/SF6 in air samples, seawater, and gas standards were measured 
by shipboard electron capture gas chromatography (EC-GC) using techniques modified 
from those described by Bullister and Weiss [Bull88] and Bullister and Wisegarver 
[Bull08] as outlined below. For seawater analysis, water was transferred from a 
glass syringe to a 200 ml glass-sparging chamber. The dissolved gases in the 
seawater sample were extracted by passing a supply of CFC/SF6 free purge gas through 
the sparging chamber for a period of 6 minutes at 150 ml/min. Water vapor was 
removed from the purge gas during passage through an 18 cm long, 3/8" diameter 
glass tube packed with the desiccant magnesium perchlorate. The sample gases were 
concentrated on a cold-trap consisting of a 1/16" OD stainless steel tube with a 
2.5 cm section packed tightly with Porapak Q (60-80 mesh), a 15 cm section packed 
with Carboxen 1000 and a 2.5 cm section packed with MS5A. A Neslab Cryocool CC-100 
was used to cool the trap to -65°C. After 6 minutes of purging, the trap was 
isolated, and it was heated electrically to 175°C. The sample gases held in the 
trap were then injected onto a precolumn (45 cm of 1/8' O.D. stainless steel tubing 
packed with 80-100 mesh Porasil B, held at 80°C) for the initial separation of 
CFC-12, CFC-11, SF6 and CCl4 from later eluting compounds.

After the SF6 and CFC-12 had passed from the pre-column and into the second 
pre-column (5 cm of 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with MS5A, 80°C) and into 
the analytical column #1 (210 cm of 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with MS5A 
and held at 80°C), the outflow from the first precolumn was diverted to the second 
analytical column (180 cm 1/8" OD stainless steel tubing packed with Porasil B, 
80-100 mesh, held at 80°C). The gases remaining after CCl4 had passed through the 
first pre-column, were back-flushed from the pre-column and vented. After CFC-12 
had passed through the second pre-column, a flow of Argon-Methane (95:5) was used 
to divert the N2O to a third analytical column (2 m, Hayesep B, 120°C). Column #3 
and the second pre-column were held in a Shimadzu GC8 gas chromatograph with an 
electron capture detector (ECD) held at 330°C. Columns #1, #2, and the first 
pre-column were in another Shimadzu GC8 gas chromatograph with ECD. The outflow 
from column #2 was directed to a Shimadzu Mini2 gas chromatograph (no column) with 
the ECD held at 250°C.

To measure CF3SF5, the main column 1 was replaced with 5' of Carbograph 1AC. All 
other aspects of the system remained the same. At the conclusion of the stations 
where CF3SF5 measurements were made, the original column 1 was returned to the 
analytical system.

The analytical system was calibrated frequently using a standard gas of known 
CFC/SF6 and N2O composition. Gas sample loops of known volume were thoroughly 
flushed with standard gas and injected into the system. The temperature and 
pressure was recorded so that the amount of gas injected could be calculated. The 
procedures used to transfer the standard gas to the trap, pre-column, main 
chromatographic column, and ECD were similar to those used for analyzing water 
samples. Four sizes of gas sample loops were used. Multiple injections of these 
loop volumes could be made to allow the system to be calibrated over a relatively 
wide range of concentrations. Air samples and system blanks (injections of loops 
of CFC/SF6 and N2O free gas) were injected and analyzed in a similar manner. The 
typical analysis time for seawater, air, standard or blank samples was -11 
minutes. Concentrations of the CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air, seawater samples, and 
gas standards are reported relative to the SIO98 calibration scale [Prin00].

Concentrations of SF6 in air, seawater samples, and gas standards are reported 
relative to the CMDL calibration scale. Concentrations in air and standard gas are 
reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in the parts 
per trillion (ppt) range. Dissolved CFC concentrations are given in units of 
picomoles per kilogram seawater (pmol/kg) and SF6 concentrations in fmol/kg. 
CFC/SF6 concentrations in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting 
their chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated by 
injecting multiple sample loops of gas from a working standard (PMEL cylinder 
72611) into the instrument. The response of the detector to the range of moles of 
CFC/SF6 passing through the detector remained relatively constant during the 
cruise. Full-range calibration curves were run at intervals of 4-5 days during the 
cruise. Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas at one atmosphere were 
run much more frequently (at intervals of 90 minutes) to monitor short-term 
changes in detector sensitivity.

The purging efficiency was estimated by re-purging a high-concentration water 
sample and measuring this residual signal. At a flow rate of 150 cc/mm for 6 
minutes, the purging efficiency for both SF6 and CFC gases was > 99%. The efficiency 
for N2O was about 97%.

On this expedition, based on the analysis of more than 150 pairs of duplicate 
samples, we estimate precisions (1 standard deviation) of about 1% or 0.002 pmol/kg 
(whichever is greater) for both dissolved CFC-11 and CFC-12 measurements. The 
estimated precision for SF5 was 2% or 0.02 fmol/kg, whichever is greater. Overall 
accuracy of the measurements (a function of the absolute accuracy of the 
calibration gases, volumetric calibrations of the sample gas loops and purge 
chamber, errors in fits to the calibration curves and other factors) is estimated 
to be the greater of 2% or 0.004 pmol/kg for CFC-11 and CFC-12 and the greater of 
4% or 0.04 fmol/kg for SF6).



Analysis Problems

A small number of water samples had anomalously high CFC/SF6 concentrations 
relative to adjacent samples. These samples occurred sporadically during the 
cruise and were not clearly associated with other features in the water column 
(e.g., dissolved oxygen, salinity, or temperature features). This suggests that 
these samples were probably contaminated with CFCs/SF6 during the sampling or 
analysis processes.

Measured concentrations for these anomalous samples are included in the data file, 
but are given a quality flag value of either 3 (questionable measurement) or 4 (bad 
measurement). Less than 2% of samples were flagged as bad or questionable during 
this voyage. A quality flag of 5 was assigned to samples which were drawn from the 
rosette but never analyzed due to a variety of reasons (e.g., leaking stopcock, 
plunger jammed in syringe barrel, etc.).

A small set of duplicate samples from deep bottles were drawn into syringes, where 
one sample was run immediately and the second was held for various periods of time, 
to measure any change that might occur in the syringes with time. The results are 
summarized in table 4.1.


Table 5.1:  A16N_2013 Change in concentration over time for duplicate deep samples.

             Time  syr  Sta  Sam    SF6      F12      F11      N2O
              Hrs                 fmol/kg  pmol/kg  pmol/kg  nmol/kg
             ----  ---  ---  ---  -------  -------  -------  -------
              58   272   92  103   0.0000   0.0007   0.0021   0.205
              47   770   93  102   0.0000   0.0000  -0.0005   0.091
              39   279   94  105   0.0000  -0.0005   0.0013   0.082
              73   478   95  105   0.0000   0.0017   0.0052   0.057
              73   474   95  106   0.0000   0.0006   0.0045   0.082
             122   266   95  102   0.0000   0.0012   0.0016   0.075
             122   760   95  103   0.0000   0.0007   0.0007   0.092
             167   772   95  104   0.0000  -0.0034   0.0007   0.480
             167   184   95  107   0.0000   0.0005   0.0020   0.433


These results indicate that the rate of change of dissolved CFC-11, CFC-12, and SF6 
concentrations in seawater held in syringes for periods of up to 6 days is very 
small. A small but significant increase in dissolved N2O was observed in the stored 
syringes, perhaps related to biological processes.



Additional Sample Bottle Experiment

In addition, on the transit from Funchal to the section at the start of Leg 2, we 
conducted an experiment where 18 bottles were closed the same depth in the deep 
water column in a region of low CFC/SF5 concentrations.


Table 5.2:  A16N_2013 Sampling scheme to test possible changes in CFCs, SF6, and N2O 
            in the sample bottles.

                           Bottle  Time Delay to Sample (hr)
                           ------  -------------------------
                            1-4                0
                            5-8                1
                            9-12               2
                           12-16               6
                           16-18              14


The goal of this experiment was to measure the rate of change of dissolved CFC/SF6 
and N2O concentrations in closed rosette sample bottles. This information can be 
used to help estimate how dissolved CFC/SF6 and N2O concentrations might change 
during the 2-3 hour period that water in deep and intermediate samples typically 
remains in the bottles between the time of closing and time of sampling. Such 
information can help estimate how much of the low (but non-zero) concentrations of 
CFC/SF6 concentrations often observed in deep samples might be due to ingrowth of 
these compounds with time, perhaps due to slow release from the bottle walls or O-
rings. This information can be then used estimate measured concentrations by 
subtracting appropriate bottle blanks. The following table shows the results of 
these 'incubation' experiments.


Table 5.3:  A16N_2013 Change in SF6, CFC-12, CFC-11, and N2O concentration over time 
            for duplicate deep samples.

                     Time    SF6      F12      F11      N2O
                      Hrs  fmol/kg  pmol/kg  pmol/kg  nmol/kg
                     ----  -------  -------  -------  -------
                       0      NA     0.0089   0.0134  13.7044
                       1      NA     0.0090   0.0129  13.9398
                       2      NA     0.0086   0.0117  13.9406
                       6     0.00    0.0086   0.0141  13.9406
                      14     0.00    0.0087   0.0133  13.9908


The changes in SF6, CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations were negligible (within 
measurement precision) over a 14 hour sampling period. The concentrations of N2O 
on bottles held closed for Times=1, 2, 6 and 14 hrs was slightly higher than that 
measured in the bottle sampled immediately after arrival on deck (Time=0), but is 
within the precision of the N2O measurements. As a result of these tests, no 
bottle blank corrections have been applied to the CFC/SF6 and N2O concentrations 
in this report.



Discrete pCO2
  Principal Investigator: Rik Wanninkhof
  Analytical Personnel: Kevin Sullivan & Leticia Barbero
  Institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA


Fig. 6.1 A16N_2013 pCO2 (20°C) 



Equipment and Techniques

The principles of the discrete pCO2 system are described in [Wann93] and [Chip93]. 
The major difference in the current system is the method of equilibrating the 
sample water with the constantly circulating gas phase. This system uses a 
miniature membrane contactor (Micromodules from Membrana, Inc.), which contain 
bundles of hydrophobic micro-porous tubes in polycarbonate shells (2.5 x 2.5 x 0.5 
cm). The sample water is pumped over the outside of the tubing bundles into the 
contactors in series at approximately 20 ml/min to a drain. The gas is recirculated 
in a vented loop, which includes the tubing bundles and a non-dispersive infrared 
analyzer (LI-COR TM model 840) at approximately 24 ml/min.

The flow rates of the water and gas are chosen with consideration of competing 
concerns. Faster water and gas flows yield faster equilibration. A slower water 
flow would allow collection of smaller sample volume; plus a slower gas flow would 
minimize the pressure increase in the contactor. Additionally, the flow rates are 
chosen so that the two fluids generate equal pressures at the micro-pores in the 
tubes to avoid leakage into or out of the tubes. A significant advantage of this 
instrumental design is the complete immersion of the miniature contactors in the 
constant temperature bath. Also in the water bath are coils of stainless steel 
tubing before the contactors that ensure the water and gas enter the contactors at 
the known equilibration temperature.

The instrumental system employs a large insulated cooler (Igloo Inc.) that 
accommodates twelve sample bottles, the miniature contactors, a water stirrer, a 
copper coil connected to a refrigerated circulating water bath, an immersion 
heater, a 12-position sample distribution valve, two thermistors, and two miniature 
pumps. The immersion heater works in opposition to the cooler water passing through 
the copper coil. One thermistor is immersed in the water bath, while the second 
thermistor is in a sample flow cell after the second contactor. The difference 
between the two thermistor readings was consistently less than 0.010°C. In a 
separate enclosure are the 8-port gas distribution valve, the infrared analyzer, a 
barometer, and other electronic components. The gas distribution valve is connected 
to the gas pump and to six standard gas cylinders.

The instrumental system was designed and built by Tim Newberger and was supported 
by C. Sweeney and T. Takahashi. Their skill, assistance, and generosity were 
essential to the successful use of this instrumental system during this cruise.


Sampling

Samples were drawn from 10 L sample bottles into 500 ml glass bottles using Tygon 
tubing with a silicone adapter that fit over the drain cock to avoid contamination 
of DOM samples. Bottles were rinsed twice, the second time while inverted. They 
were filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume while taking care not to 
entrain any bubbles. About 5 ml of water was withdrawn to allow for expansion of 
the water as it warms and to provide space for the stopper and tubing of the 
analytical system. Saturated mercuric chloride solution (0.2 ml) was added as a 
preservative. The sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered 
with grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of twelve hours prior 
to analysis.

The analysis for pCO2 were done with the discrete samples at 20°C. A primary 
water bath was kept within 0.03°C of the analytical temperature; a secondary bath 
was kept within 0.3°C of the analytical temperature. The majority of the samples 
were analyzed in batches of twelve bottles, which with standards took 
approximately 3.5 hours. When twelve bottles were moved into the primary water 
bath for analysis, the next twelve bottles were moved into the secondary water 
bath. No sample bottle spent less than two hours in the secondary water bath 
prior to being moved to the analytical water bath.

The sampling focus was on drawing full casts regularly and partial casts as time 
permitted. Duplicate samples from the same rosette sample bottle were drawn to 
check the precision of the sampling and analysis. Discrete samples were collected 
from the underway (UW) flowing sea water line aboard the ship. The UW samples will 
be compared to the results for the autonomous pCO2 instrument. Some discrete UW 
samples were collected as a station was being completed. Generally, these UW 
samples were less than 1% different from the samples collected from the top sample 
bottle.

Over 2300 samples were drawn at 145 stations. About 100 samples were collected from 
the UW seawater line, mostly during stations. More than fifty sets of duplicate 
bottles were drawn at numerous depths. The average relative error of these 
duplicate pairs was 0.18%, while the median relative error was 0.11%.


Standardization

To ensure analytical accuracy, a set of six gas standards (ranging from 288 to 
1534 ppm) was run through the analyzer before and after every sample batch. The 
standards were obtained from Scott-Mann and referenced against primary standards 
purchased from C.D. Keeling in 1991, which are on the WMO-78 scale.


Table 6.1:  A16N 2013 PCO2 standard table

                                Cylinder  PPM CO2
                                --------  -------
                                JB03282    288.46
                                JB03268    384.14
                                JB03309    567.40
                                CA05980    792.51
                                CA05984   1036.95
                                CA05940   1533.7




Data Processing

A custom program developed using Lab View TM controls the system and graphically 
displays the CO2 concentration as well as the temperature and pressure during the 
15-minute equilibration. The CO2 in the gas phase changes greatly within the first 
minute of a new sample and then goes through nearly two more oscillations. The 
oscillations dampen quickly as the concentration asymptotically approaches 
equilibrium. The flows are stopped, and the program records an average of ten 
readings from the infrared analyzer along with other sensor readings. Data files 
from the discrete PCO2 program are directed to a Matlab program designed for 
processing data from the continuous PCO2 systems to calculate the fugacity of the 
discrete samples at 20°C. The details of the data reduction are described in 
[PierO9].


Analytical Problems

During the first section of A16N_2013 the refrigerated, circulating water baths 
were swapped several times, as a unit started to behave erratically. The gas flow 
meter started to drift and was replaced. No other instrumental problem delayed the 
sample analysis by more than several minutes during the cruise.

During Leg 2 of A16N_2013 the infrared analyzer values for the standard gases began 
to show a constant, upward drift shortly after the beginning of section 2. This was 
a symptom of the analyzer being at the end of its lifespan. During the break in 
operations caused by the impact of hurricane Humberto, the analyzer was replaced 
with a new unit of the same model. During analysis of samples from station 113, the 
8-position gas distribution valve became clogged and the gas flow was interrupted. 
The distribution valve was replaced and the system restarted. The gas flow meter 
stopped reading measurements and gas flow was checked every 12 bottles by means of 
an external gas flow meter. Due to the loss of time while troubleshooting and 
bottle backup, one full degree station had to be skipped. During both legs, the 
laptop controlling the analytical system suffered occasional malfunctions. The 
laptop was replaced but the malfunctions continued. The error message indicated the 
problem was with a memory overload or interaction with the KeySpan in the system. 
Rebooting the computer every 24 samples seemed to greatly decrease the frequency of 
the malfunctions.








Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)
  Principal Investigators: Richard Feely & Rik Wanninkhof
  Analytical Personnel: Robert Castle & Charles Featherstone
  Institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA & Atlantic 
    Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA



Fig. 7.1:  A16N_2013 Dissolved Inorganic carbon (DIC)



Sampling

Samples for TCO2 (total dissolved CO2, also referred to as Dissolved Organic Carbon) 
measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Handbook of Methods 
for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from the rosette sample bottles into cleaned 294-mL 
glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 mL of 
headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 mL of saturated 
HgCI2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with 
glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room 
temperature for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis.

TCO2 samples were collected from a variety of depths with one to three replicate 
samples. Typically the replicate seawater samples were taken from the surface, 
around 1000 m, and bottom rosette sample bottles and run at different times during 
the cell. No systematic difference between the replicates was observed.


Analyses

The TCO2 analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The analysis 
was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used 
simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer (UIC, Inc.) 
coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was 
developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of 
NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA [John85] [John87] [John92] 
[John93] [John99]. In the coulometric analysis of TCO2, all carbonate species are 
converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater 
sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer 
with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a 
proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this 
process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through 
the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH- ions at the anode. The OH- 
ions react with the H, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone 
through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell 
senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its 
original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that 
enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration.

The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means 
of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing 
the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems. The 
stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two 
sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference 
Material (CRM), Batches 114 and 129, supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, was measured 
at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of 
each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25-27 mg of 
carbon was titrated, typically after 9-12 hours of continuous use.

The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of 
distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities were 
used to determine the volume of the pipettes. Calculation of the amount of CO2 
injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The concentration of CO2 
([CO2]) in the samples was determined according to:

                              (Counts-Blank*Run Time) *K mmol/count
        [CO2] = Cal. factor*  -------------------------------------
                                pipette volume*density of sample

where Cal. Factor is the calibration factor, Counts is the instrument reading at 
the end of the analysis, Blank is the counts/minute determined from blank runs 
performed at least once for each cell solution, Run Time is the length of 
coulometric titration (in minutes), and K is the conversion factor from counts to 
umol. All TCO2 values were recalculated to a molar weight mol/kg) using density 
obtained from the CTD's salinity. The TCO2 values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 
mL of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the 
sample bottles was 288 mL (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor 
used for dilution was 1.0007. A correction was also applied for the offset from the 
CRM. This correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the 
beginning of the cell. The average correction was 1.59 umol/kg for AOML 3 and 1.61 
µmol/kg for AOML 4. The average difference of the duplicates was 1.49 µmol/kg for 
AOML 3 and 1.69 µmol/kg for AOML 4. The results underwent initial quality control 
on the ship using TCO2-pressure/ salinity/ oxygen/ phosphate/ nitrate/ silicate/ 
alkalinity and pH plots.

Two changes to the systems were made from previous cruises. First, the clean air 
generator that worked poorly on A10 was removed and nitrogen gas was used as the 
carrier gas instead. Second, the attached salinity cell that had been used to 
provide salinity values during analysis was removed and a default value of 35.00 
was used instead. During data reduction, the CTD salinity was used as in the past. 
For CRMs, the certified salinity was hard-coded into the program. Removing the 
salinity sensor resulted in a shorter analysis time since the cell no longer had to 
be rinsed and filled during analysis, and this allowed us to run more samples 
without affecting the final data.


Analytical Problems

In general, both systems worked well with AOML 3 more stable than AOML 4. Number 4 
experienced several instances of high noise, which may have been caused by erratic 
carrier gas flow to the cell. We were unable to pinpoint the cause of this, but 
most of the time the unit performed adequately. Also when pressure in the nitrogen 
cylinder approached 600 psi, both instruments were sometimes subject to longer 
titrations.

While in Reykjavik testing the system we found that one of the cells we had been 
using at the lab was no longer good. We had brought 3 unused cells as spares but 
they all had the same problem -acetone flowed through the frit much too fast for 
them to work. By the end of the leg cell #2 was also deemed marginal so we used 
only cells 10 and 11 for the final 8-10 stations. Because of the increased speed of 
analysis and the trace metal casts on every other station, we were still able to 
sample all 24 rosette sample bottles on the odd stations and 15-21 on the even 
stations.

In Madeira we received 2 new cells from the lab in Miami. With these, we were able 
to put together 3 cell-cap combinations that worked very well. We used these for 
most of leg 2. During leg 2, both instruments operated very well. The only problems 
were that a solenoid valve had to be replaced and the main carrier gas inlet tube 
to the stripper became clogged. Both were repaired quickly.

A total of 3225 samples were analyzed for discrete dissolved inorganic carbon. The 
total dissolved inorganic carbon data reported to the database directly from the 
ship are to be considered preliminary until a more thorough quality assurance can 
be completed shore side.



Discrete pH Analysis
  Principal Investigators: Frank Millero
  Analytical Personnel: Ryan Woosley, Carmen Rodriquez & Josh Levy
  Institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami



Fig. 8.1:  A16N_2013 pH


Sampling

Samples were collected in 50m1 borosilicate glass syringes rinsing a minimum of 2 
times and thermostated to 25°C before analysis. Two duplicates were collected from 
each station. Samples were collected on the same bottles as total alkalinity or 
dissolved inorganic carbon in order to completely characterize the carbon system. 
One sample per station was collected and analyzed with double the amount of 
indicator in order to correct for pH changes as a result of adding the indicator, 
this correction has not been applied to the preliminary data. All data should be 
considered preliminary.


Analysis

pH (umol/kg(seawater)) on the seawater scale was measured using a Agilent 8453 
spectrophotometer according to the methods outlined by Clayton and Byrne (1993).  
Since unpurified indicator was used the equations of Lui et al. (2011) were not 
used. An RTE1O water bath maintained spectrophotometric cell temperature at 25.0°C. 
A 10cm micro-flow through cell was filled automatically using a Kloehn 6v syringe 
pump. The sulfonephthalein indicator m-cresol purple (mCP) was also injected 
automatically by the Kloehn 6v syringe pump into the spectrophotometric cells, and 
the absorbance of light was measured at four different wavelengths (434 nm, 578 nm, 
730 nm, and 488 nm). The ratios of absorbency at the different wavelengths were 
input and used to calculate pH on the total and seawater scales, incorporating 
temperature and salinity into the equations. The equations of Dickson and Millero 
(1987), Dickson and Riley (1979), and Dickson (1990) were used to convert pH from 
the total to seawater scale. The isobestic point (488nm) will be used for the 
indicator correction. Salinity data were obtained from the conductivity sensor on 
the CTD. These data were later corroborated by shipboard measurements. Temperature 
of the samples was measured immediately after spectrophotometric measurements using 
a Guildline 9540 digital platinum resistance thermometer.


Reagents

A 1L batch of mCP indicator dye with a concentrated of ~ 2.0 mM. Un-purified 
indicator was used, manufacture Sigma, lot # 87H3629.


Standardization

The precision of the data can be accessed from measurements of duplicate samples, 
certified reference material (CRM) Batch 129 (Dr. Andrew Dickson, UCSD) and TRIS 
buffers. The measurement of CRM and TRIS was alternated at each station. The mean 
and standard deviation for the first leg for the CRM5 was 7.8942± 0.0037 (n=29) and 
8.0775±0.0028 (n=33) for IRIS buffer. The values for leg 2 will be provided once 
the data have been checked for quality control.


Data Processing

Addition of the indicator affects the pH of the sample, and the degree to which pH 
is affected is a function of the pH difference between the seawater and indicator. 
Therefore, a correction is applied for each batch of dye. One sample from each 
station was measured twice, once normally and a second time with double the amount 
of indicator. It was insured that the entire pH range was covered over the course 
of the cruise. The change in the ratio is then plotted verses the change in the 
isosbestic point to develop an empirical relationship for the effect of the 
indicator on the pH. This correction has not yet been applied to the samples. The 
mean and standard deviation of the duplicates was 0.0008 ± 0.0018 (N = 134). The 
preliminary quality control is shown in Table 8.1.


Table 8.1:  A16N_2013 pH quality code assignment.

                Number of Samples      1424 (Leg 1)  1682 (Leg 2)
                ---------------------  ------------  ------------
                Questionable (QC = 3)        1            86
                Bad (QC = 4)                48            61
                Lost (QC=5)                  3             0
                Duplicate (QC = 6)         254           273




Problems

No Major problems occurred in pH analysis during leg 1 or leg 2.




Total Alkalinity
  Principal Investigators: Frank Millero
  Analytical Personnel: Jennifer Byrne, James Williamson, Kristen Mastropole.
  Institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami


Fig. 9.1:  A16N_2013 Alkalinity



Sampling

At each station total alkalinity (TA) samples are drawn from sample bottles into 
500 ml borosilicate flasks using silicone tubing that fit over the stopcock. 
Bottles are rinsed a minimum of three times, then filled from the bottom and 
allowed to overflow half of the bottle volume. The sampler is careful not to 
entrain any bubbles during the filling procedure. Approximately 15 ml of water is 
withdrawn from the flask by halting the sample flow and removing the sampling tube, 
thus creating a reproducible head-space for thermal expansion during thermal 
equilibration. The sample bottles are sealed at a ground glass joint with a glass 
stopper. The samples are then thermostated at 25°C before analysis. Three 
duplicates are collected at each station. Samples are collected on the same bottles 
as pH or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in order to completely characterize the 
carbon system.


Analysis

The sample TA is evaluated from the proton balance at the alkalinity equivalence 
point, 4.5 at 25°C. This method utilizes a multi-point hydrochloric acid titration 
of seawater (Dickson 1981). The instrument program uses a Levenberg-Marquardt  
nonlinear least squares algorithm to calculate the TA, DIC, and pH from the 
potentiometric titration data. The program is patterned after those developed by 
Dickson (1981), Johansson and Wedborg (1982), and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 
(1994). The least-squares algorithm of the potentiometric titrations not only give 
values of TA but also those of DIC, pH, the standard potential of the electrode 
system (Eo), and the first dissociation constant of CO2 (pK1). Two titration 
systems, A and B are used for TA analysis. Each of them consists of a Metrohm 765 
Dosimat titrator, an Orion 720A, or 720A+, pH meter and a custom designed Plexiglas 
water-jacketed titration cell (Millero et al, 1993). The titration cell allows for 
the titration to be conducted in a closed system by incorporating a 5mL ground 
glass syringe to allow for volume expansion during the acid addition. The seawater 
samples are equilibrated to a constant temperature of 25 ± 0.1°C with a water bath 
(Neslab, RTE-10). The electrodes used to measure the EMF of the sample during a 
titration are a ROSS glass pH electrode (Orion, model 810100) and a double junction 
Ag, AgCI reference electrode (Orion, model 900200). The water-jacketed cell is 
similar to the cells used by Bradshaw and Brewer (1988) except a larger volume 
(-200 ml) is employed to increase the precision. Each cell has a solenoid fill and 
drain valve which increases the reproducibility of the volume of sample contained 
in the cell. A typical titration records the EMF of the solution once it becomes 
stable (deviation less than 0.09 mV) and adds enough acid to change the voltage a 
pre-assigned increment (-13 mV). A full titration (-25 points) takes about 20 
minutes. A 6 port valve (VICI, Valco EMTCA-CE) allows 6 samples to be loaded into 
the instrument and successively measured.


Reagents

A single 50-I batch of -0.25 m HCl acid was prepared in 0.45 m NaCl by dilution of 
concentrated HCl, AR Select, Mallinckrodt, to yield a total ionic strength similar 
to seawater of salinity 35.0 (I = 0.7 M). The acid is standardized by a coulometric 
technique (Marinenko and Taylor, 1968; Taylor and Smith, 1959) and verified with 
alkalinity titrations on seawater of known alkalinity. The calibrated molarity of 
the acid used was 0.24361 ± 0.0001 N HCl. The acid is stored in 500-ml glass 
bottles sealed with Apiezon® L grease for use at sea.


Standardization

The reproducibility and precision of measurements are checked using low nutrient 
surface seawater, a substandard, and Certified Reference Material (CRM) from Dr. 
Andrew Dickson, Marine Physical Laboratory, La Jolla, California. The CRM is 
utilized to account for instrument drift over the duration of the cruise and to 
maintain measurement precision. A CRM was measured on each system on every odd 
station and LNSW on every even station.  Duplicate analysis provide additional 
quality assurance, and three duplicates are taken at each station. The duplicates 
are then analyzed on system A, system B, or split between systems A and B. This 
provides a measure of the precision on the same system and between systems. 
Laboratory calibrations of the Dosimat burette system with water indicate the 
systems deliver 3.000 ml of acid (the approximate value for a titration of 200 ml 
of seawater) to a precision of ± 0.0004 ml, resulting in an error of ±0.3 µmol/kg 
in TA.


Data Processing

Measurements on CRM batches 129 and 114 were made. For Leg 1, the difference 
between the measured and certified values on system A is -0.53 ± 1.85 and on B is 
1.08 ± 2.74. For Leg 2, the difference between the measured and certified values on 
system A is -1.38 ± 1.91 and on B is 0.29 ± 2.11. Five different batches of low 
nutrient surface water were used on leg 1 and an additional 7 batches were used on 
leg 2. All had standard deviations of -2 µmol/kg or less. The mean and standard 
deviations of the duplicates for leg 1 were 0.40 ± 1.04, -0.17 ± 2.61, and -1.78 ± 
2.38 on system A, system B, and one on each system respectively. The mean and 
standard deviations of the duplicates for leg 2 were 0.31 ± 1.68, -0.1 ± 2.08, and 
-1.22 ± 2.52 on system A, system B, and one on each system, respectively. The 
preliminary quality controls for both legs are given in Table 9.1.


Table 9.1:  A16N_2013 Total Alkalinity quality code assignment.

               Number of Samples      1464 (Leg 1)  1733 (Leg 2)
               ---------------------  ------------  ------------
               Questionable (QC = 3)       16            83
               Bad (QC = 4)                79            38
               Lost (QC = 5)               33             8
               Duplicate (QC = 6)         336           380



Problems

Only one major problem occurred on leg 1. During set up, one of the water baths 
stopped cooling. It was determined that a new solenoid and valve was needed. The 
parts were ordered to repair the bath in Madeira, and a spare one was borrowed from 
discrete pCO2. Around station 50 a slight offset of less than 2 umol/kg developed 
between system A and B. No leaks or problems with the cell were found and there was 
no decrease in the precision of the instruments. No correction for this offset was 
made in the preliminary data. On the last station of leg 2 (station 145), samples 
were run only on TA system A because of a malfunctioning stir plate on system B 
which was prolonging the titrations. This issue was repaired at sea.





Radiocarbon 14C/13C
  Principal Investigators: Ann McNichol
  Institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

A total of 505 samples were collected from 23 stations. Samples were collected in 
500 ml airtight glass bottles. Using silicone tubing, the flasks are rinsed 2 times 
with the water from the sample bottle. While keeping the tubing near the bottom of 
the flask, the flask is filled and flushed by allowing it to overflow one and a 
half times its full volume. Once the sample is taken, a small amount (about 30 cc) 
of water is removed to create a head-space and 0.2m1 of 50% saturated mercuric 
chloride solution is added in the sampling bay. This is the same supply and volume 
of mercuric chloride solution used for the DIC samples.

After all samples are collected from a station the glass stoppers are dried and 
greased using M - grease and banded to keep the glass stoppers in place during 
shipping. The filled bottles are stored in NOSAMS crates inside the ship's 
laboratory prior to being loaded into a container and shipped back to the United 
States for analysis.





Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
  Principal Investigators: Dennis Hansell
  Sampler: Monica Mejia
  Institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami


DOC and TDN samples were taken from every sample bottle at approximately every 
other station. 1670 samples were taken from 72 stations in total. Samples from 
depths of 250m and shallower were filtered through GF/F filters using in-line 
filtration. Samples from deeper depths were not filtered. High-density polyethylene 
60 ml sample bottles were 10% HCl cleaned and Milli-Q water rinsed. Filters were 
combusted at 450°C overnight. Filter holders were 0% HCl cleaned and Milli-Q water 
rinsed. Samples were introduced into the sample bottles by via a pre-cleaned 
silicone tube. Bottles were rinsed by sample for 3 times before filling. 50-60 ml 
of water were taken for each sample. Samples were kept frozen in coolers inside the 
ship's freezer. Frozen samples were shipped back in their coolers for laboratory 
analysis.





Radiocarbon in DOC
  Principal Investigators: Ellen Druffel
  Institution: University of California Irvine

lx 32L Black Carbon and 48x 1L DO 14C samples were taken. Samples were taken at 4 
stations on Leg 1 of the A16N_2013 cruise. Stations sampled were 10 (60.5°N, 20°W), 
16 (57.5°N, 20°W), 36 (47.5°N, 20°W), and 66 (35°N, 20°W).

A total of 40 samples were collected in 250 ml air-tight glass bottles. Using 
silicone tubing, the flasks are rinsed well with the water from the sample bottle. 
While keeping the tubing near the bottom of the flask, the flask is filled and 
allowed to overflow to flush its full volume. Once the sample is taken, a small 
amount (30 cc) of water is removed to create a head-space and 0.2m1 of saturated 
mercuric chloride solution is added. This is the same supply and volume of mercuric 
chloride solution used for the DIC samples.

After all samples are collected from a station, the caps are re-tightened as they 
reach room temperature. The filled bottles are stored inside the ship's laboratory 
prior to being loaded into a container and shipped back to the United States for 
analysis.


Radiocarbon DOC Sampling and Analysis

Dissolved organic carbon-14 samples were taken in pre-combusted (540°C/4hours) 1L 
borosilicate bottles (amber Boston round). We collected 7x DOC samples below 1000m 
and 7x samples above 1000m at each station. The O2 minimum zone and permanent 
thermocline was sampled at each station, however care was taken to avoid sampling 
the bottom nephloid layer. Samples above 400m depth were filtered using 
pre-combusted QMA filters and acid cleaned silicone tubing/stainless steel filter 
manifolds. Samples were immediately frozen after collection and stored at -20°C 
until analysis at University of California, Irvine (UCI). Once in the lab, CO2 will 
be evolved from DOC via UV oxidation and vacuum line extraction. This CO2 will then 
be graphitized and its radiocarbon content measured via accelerator mass 
spectrometry at the Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (KCCAMS) 
facility at UCI.





Black Carbon in DOC
  Principal Investigator: Ellen Druffel
  Institution: University of California Irvine

Due to extremely low concentrations of Black carbon in seawater ( < 5% of the DOC 
pool), lx 8 gallon filtered surface sample was collected from station 16. The 
concentration and carbon isotopes (14C and 13C) of black carbon in this sample (and 
all others collected from Repeat Hydrography cruises) will be measured using the 
benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, and these data will be used to estimate 
the abundance and sources of black carbon in oceanic DOC. Individual BPCA5 will be 
isolated using a preparative column gas chromatograph (PCGC). These fractions will 
be combusted to CO2 gas which will then be graphitized and its radiocarbon content 
measured via accelerator mass spectrometry at the KCCAMS facility at UCI.





Tritium, Helium and 18O
  Principal Investigators:  Peter Schlosser 
  Institution: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University
  William Jenkins
  Institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  Analyst: Anthony Daschille, 
  Institution: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University


Helium samples were taken from designated sample bottles in 90 cc 316 type 
stainless steel gas tight vessels with valves. The samples were then extracted into 
aluminum silicate glass storage vessels within 24 hours using the at sea gas 
extraction system. The helium samples are to be shipped to the Lamont-Doherty Earth 
Observatory of Columbia University Noble Gas Lab for mass spectrometric 
measurements. A corresponding one-liter water sample was collected from the same 
sample bottle as the helium sample in a preprocessed glass bottle for degassing 
back at the shore based laboratory and subsequent tritium determination by 3He 
in-growth method. 180 samples were collected and shipped to LDEO for analysis.

During A16N_2013, 28 stations were sampled, collecting 510 samples for tritium, 591 
samples for helium and 490 samples for 18O analysis. No duplicate samples were 
taken.





N2O Isotopes
  Principal Investigator: Bonnie Chang
  Institution: University of Washington

Samples were collected for stable isotopic analysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) dissolved 
in seawater. 125 ml glass serum bottles were rinsed with approximately 20 ml water, 
then filled with a bubble free stream using Tygon tubing inserted to the bottle 
bottom. The bottles were allowed to overflow 3 times (by counting), and the tubing 
was slowly removed. Approximately l ml water was removed to allow for expansion 
during storage, 0.2 ml saturated mercuric chloride was added, 20 mm straight plug 
septa (gray butyl, Teflon faced) seals were crimped into place, and the bottles 
were briefly shaken. Samples were stored at room temperature aboard the R/V Brown 
for shore-based analysis of the 15N/14N of both alpha and beta position N, and 18O/16O 
of dissolved N2O via mass spectrometry at the University of Washington stable 
isotope laboratory.


Table 12.1:  A16N_2013 Summary of N2O isotopic sampling along Leg 2.

            Station  Depth Range (m)  Bottle Position  Duplicates
            -------  ---------------  ---------------  ----------
              72         0-5250              24             2
              82         0-5395              24             2
              95         0-4560              24             2
              99         0-5290              23             3
             107         0-5422              23             2
             112         0-1700              17             2
             116         0-950               15             2
             122         0-1300              17             3
             130         0-3100              24             3
             137         0-1500              17             2
             143         0-5698              24             3




∂15N and ∂18O of dissolved N03-
  Principal Investigator: Daniel Sigman
  Institution: Princeton University

Samples were collected for stable isotopic analysis of nitrate (NO3) dissolved in 
seawater. Full depth profiles were collected every degree of latitude. Sample 
collection was analogous to that of standard nutrient samples: 30 and 60 ml HDPE 
bottles were rinsed with sample two to three times (with some water being used to 
rinse the cap as well) and then filled to the bottle shoulder. 30 ml bottles were 
used for deeper samples, and 60 ml bottles for the upper water column (where 
nitrate concentrations were lower). The bottles were then stored frozen in the 
ship's freezer. These will be later shipped, frozen, to Princeton for shore-based 
analysis of 15N/14N and 18O/16O of the dissolved nitrate.





Density
  Principal Investigator: Frank Millero Institution:
  Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami

Over the course of A16N_2013 Leg 1, 4 stations were sampled (27, 35, 49 & 59) for a 
total of 96 samples for density. On Leg 2, stations 78, 98, 119, and 141 were 
sampled for a total of 96 additional samples. Each sample bottle was sampled using 
a 150 mL HDPE bottle. The bottles were rinsed 3 times, allowed to fill until 
overflowing, capped, and sealed with Parafilm. This procedure leaves as little head 
space as possible to minimize evaporation. The sealed samples will be shipped to 
our lab in Miami where the salinity will be re-measured on a salinometer (Guildline 
Portosal), and the density will measured using an Anton-Paar DMA 500 densitometer. 
Sampling was conducted by personnel from the U Miami group led by Millero.





Chromophorphic Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)/ Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)
  Principal Investigator: Craig Carlson 
  Analytical Personnel: Erik Stassinos & Eli Aghassi Institution: 
  University of California Santa Barbara


Earth Research Institute (ERl) at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) 
conducted measurements of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) with the use of its 
Alongtrak underway system drawing uncontaminated sea water from the Ronald Brown's 
underway water feed. In addition, 60mL of water was drawn from each sample bottle 
on the CTD with nitrile gloves. These samples were filtered after collection and 
processed with a multiple path length absorption meter to determine CDOM 
absorption. In conjunction with CDOM filtering and processing, water was drawn from 
the ship's underway system and CTD's bottles for measurements of absorption 
particles (AP), high-precision liquid chromatography (HPLC), phytoplankton pigment, 
and POC. These will help validate, respectively, outputs from ERl's Deep CDOM 
Fluorometer and signal from transmissometer on the CTD. In addition to water 
collection and sampling, a photometer was used daily to collect sun radiance 
measurements.


AP/HPLC/POC sampling

Water sampled from the ship's uncontaminated seawater system was drawn 
simultaneously with the CTD's end of cast recovery on a once per day basis to 
coincide with CDOM sampling. This water was drawn with nitrile gloves and two 2L 
bottles for high volume sampling of AP and HPLC. These 2L samples were run through 
a filter rig with supplied vacuum from an aspirator pump and filtered through GF/F 
25mm Whatman filters. Samples were then labeled and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 
post cruise analysis. In conjunction with this sampling, four 2L bottles of water 
were collected from the CTD; two above and two below 1000m at varying depths for 
POC. This water was drawn with nitrile gloves and processed through the same 
filter rig as AP and HPLC, with the exception of combusted GF/F filters instead of 
pre-packaged. The POC samples were then labeled and frozen along with a NANO pure 
blank soaked filter for ab analysis.


Underway System Sampling and measurement

An underway lop observing system developed by UCSB, referred to as Alongtrak, was 
employed in the ship's Hydrolab for in-situ measurements of near-sea surface 
optical properties. Measurements were made by an automatic scheduled sampling 
system which controls the supply of un-filtered or O.2im filtered sea water supply 
to the systems instruments. These instruments included a LISST particle size 
distribution meter, an AC-S absorption and attenuation meter, FIRe fluorescence-
inductance meter, BB3 fixed angle back-scattering meter, and an 5BE45 
Thermosalinograph. Data from these instruments (along with ancillary water flow 
rate, GPS, and system time) were collected by ERl's proprietary data acquisition 
system and formatted for long-file ASCII format data files.


CDOM processing and Deep CDOM Fluorometer measurements

Water was collected from all 24 of the CTD's Rosette sample bottles and underway 
system with nitrile gloves in 60m1 vials once per day and once every second day 
respectively. This water was then filtered through 0.2im 25mm Nuclepore filters 
into 40m1 vials preparation to be processed with a World Precision Instruments 
UltraPath Absorbance Cell set at 200cm path length. Every second day, 18 of the 24 
vials were archived for later use in DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) 
characterization. Data from the absorbance cell was then processed with Matlab 
scripts to generate CDOM absorption vs. depth profiles. A WETlabs FLCDRTD-428 CDOM 
Fluorometer was mounted to the CTD frame and sensor voltage- out signal was 
recorded and plotted. Data will be processed post-collection with a FLCDRTD 
calibration file to determine CDOM ppb. Dark casts, consisting of blocking light 
from the CDOM Fluorometer's lens, were performed at different points during the 
cruise to track temperature and pressure calibration drift.


Microtops Sun photometer measurements

Several times per day with zero cloud cover, and solar elevation over 100 from 
horizon, sun radiance measurements were taken with a 5 channel Microtops II 
Sunphotometer. Microtops data was used to measure temporal variability of AOT 
(Aerosol Optical Thickness) in the atmosphere.





LADCP
  Principal Investigator: Jules Hummon
  Analytical Personnel: Oyvind Lundesgaard
  Institution: University of Hawaii at Manoa


Fig. 16.1:  A16N stations 1-70

Fig. 16.2:  A16N stations 118-145


Equipment and Techniques

Current data was collected using two RDI Workhorse ADCP instruments, pinging at 
respective frequencies 150 kHz (pointing downwards) and 300 kHz (pointing upwards). 
This setup gives a theoretical range of 168.2 m looking up, and 340.4 m looking 
down. The actual range is limited by the amount of scatter in the water, with low 
scatterer density giving shorter instrument range.

Both instruments were mounted on the CTD rosette, connected to a customized 
battery. The battery was charged and data retrieved from the instruments 
between every cast.


Data Processing

Data processing was performed using Andreas Thurnherr's implementation of Martin 
Visbeck's LADCP inversion method, developed at the Lamont-Doherty Earth 
Observatory of Columbia University. The code performs a long chain of 
calculations, including data editing and meshing LADCP data from both instruments 
with CTD, GPS and shipboard ADCP data. Currents are calculated using both an 
inverse method and a shear-based algorithm. The two solutions are compared; 
agreement increases confidence in the inverse method solution.

The on-ship processed data is to be considered preliminary; full processing of 
data will occur on shore.


Table 16.1:  A16N 2013 LADCP WHP300 Instrument overview (*WH150 used)

                   Stations  S/N Upward  S/N Downward
                   --------  ----------  ------------
                     1-38       12734       16282*
                    39-70       10198       16282*
                    71-95       13330       16282*
                    96/2        10198       16282*
                    96/4                     1856     
                   118-145                  13493     




Analytical Problems

Several problems were encountered during the cruise. There was initially a 
significant deviation between the compasses of the up- and down-looking 
instruments, symptomatic of a 'hard-iron' effect created by a local magnetic 
field. The main culprit seems to have been a bottom pinger mounted on the rosette. 
The issue was largely resolved when the pinger was taken off at station 14. The 
bottom pinger was deployed on the following stations: 1-13, 42, 45, 74.

There were several instances of beam failure on the wh300 instruments. As a 
result several different ADCPs were deployed during the cruise. These instrument 
changes are summarized in the table above.

After station 55, data quality was severely reduced due to low scatterer density, 
indicated by a discrepancy between the inverse and shear-inverse solutions. This 
problem is recurrent in LADCP operations in low scatterer-areas but the effect was 
more severe than predicted. This results in great error in data south of 38N (with 
the exception of the equatorial section).

After the loss of the rosette at station 96, only one functioning instrument was 
left on the ship. To minimize the risk of losing this instrument, it was decided not 
to deploy it again until reaching the equatorial region. No LADCP data was collected 
between station 96 (17N) and station 118 (4.5N).

At station 138, no data was recorded due to a depleted battery.





Trace Metal Program
  Principal Investigators: Joe Resing
  Analytical Personnel: William Landing, Rachel Shelley, Pam Barrett, Peter Morton, 
  Nathan Buck & Randy Morton
  Institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA & Florida State 
  University


Fig. 17.1:  A16N Sample distribution (stations 3-69)

Fig. 17.2:  A16N Sample distribution (stations 72-138)



Water Column Sampling


Water-column trace metal samples were collected using a dedicated trace- element 
rosette with 12 Teflon-coated, 12 L GO-Flo bottles [Meas08] modified with the 
addition of curved Teflon tubing from the sample valve reaching the bottom of the 
bottle. Bottles were conditioned for 24 hours with sub-surface (100 m) seawater 
collected during the test cast. Sub- sampling was conducted in a clean van. 
Bottles were first sub-sampled for unfiltered seawater samples (nutrients, 
salinity, unfiltered trace elements) then pressurized with filtered, compressed 
air. Filtered trace metal subsamples were collected by filtration through 0.4 t m 
polycarbonate track-etched 47 mm filters in polypropylene filter holders.

Filtered sub-samples collected in acid-washed 125 mL LDPE bottles were acidified 
to 0.024M HCl and analyzed shipboard for dissolved Al and Fe using flow 
injection analysis [Resi94][Meas95]. Preliminary values for dissolved Al 
concentrations are shown in the following figure. Replicate samples were 
collected at all depths for post-cruise analysis (FSU, PMEL).

Total suspended matter samples on 0.4 mm PCTE filters were rinsed immediately 
after collection with 15-20 mL DI water (adjusted to pH 8 with dilute ammonia) and 
stored for post-cruise analysis (PMEL).


Aerosol Samples

Aerosol samples were collected using a Tisch-5170 High Volume sampler onto 12 
Whatman-41 (W41) mixed cellulose ester filters over a 24-hour sampling period. The 
sampler was automatically activated only when the wind was within 600 of either 
side of the bow (away from ship smoke). Throughout the cruise, 1 or 3 replicates 
were processed for instantaneously soluble elements [Buck06] and frozen for 
subsequent analysis at FSU. The remaining sub-samples were stored frozen to be 
digested and analyzed for major and trace elements including Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, V. Pb 
and others (FSU).

While no samples were analyzed at sea, the filters were visually inspected for some 
indication of the composition of the aerosols collected. From Iceland to Madeira 
(leg 1), most samples with apparent loading were colored gray, indicating a 
primarily anthropogenic composition. Approximately one week after leaving Madeira 
(9-10 September), filters were colored reddishorange, indicating we were entering 
the Saharan dust plume. The following day Tropical storm/Hurricane Humberto stalked 
us, and strong unfavorable aft winds inhibited any significant aerosol collection 
as the R/V Ronald H. Brown evaded the storm. Outside the path of hurricane 
Humberto, the RN Ronald H. Brown minimized steaming in order to repair the ship's s 
CTD winch, which placed us within a strong Saharan dust deposition event (14-18 
September; 15-18eN). For four days, the filters were heavy-laden, resulting in - 50 
sub-samples of Saharan dust. The filters for the remainder of the cruise were only 
lightly loaded.


Rain Samples

Rainwater was collected using a trace element-clean funnel and bottle system in a 
tall bucket, where falling rain triggers a sensor to open the lid automatically. A 
minimum of 40 mL of rainwater is necessary to adequately sample a rain event for 
unfiltered and filtered trace elements, as well as major anions.

During section 1, only a single rain event was sampled (12 August) with minimal 
volume (40 mL). During section 2, several small rain events were sampled (5, 11-12, 
19, 20 September) and an extended intense rain event that lasted approximately four 
days (23-26 September 2013). During this nearly continuous rain event, more than 3 
L of rainwater were collected and sub-sampled between filtered and unfiltered 
elements. Two sub-samples (both from 24 September 2013) were by shipboard FIA as 
shown in following table.


Table 17.1:  A16N_2013 Shipboard FIA analysis of filtered and unfiltered rain 
             samples collected 24 September 2013

                 Fe             Fe               AI             AI
                 filtered (nM)  unfiltered (nM)  filtered (nM)  unfiltered (nM)
  -------------  -------------  ---------------  -------------  ---------------
  Sub-samples 1       1.56           5.29             5.01           23.81
  Sub-samples 1       2.41           6.19            13.84           32.85



Ancillary samples

Unfiltered seawater samples (1 L) for Hg analysis were collected from all bottles 
at the following stations on sections 1 and 2: 7, 15, 31, 51, 59, 69, 82, 94, 98, 
103, 109, 117, 130 (D. Krabbenhoft, USGS).

Filtered seawater samples (1 L) for Cu isotope analysis were collected from 
all bottles at the following stations on sections 1 and 2: 21, 41, 86, 107, 
130 (P. Barrett, UW/PMEL).

Filter samples (47 mm, GFF) were collected for Hg methylation gene analysis by 
filtering seawater (2 L) from all depths at the following stations on section 2: 
84, 98, 109, 130 (D. Elias, ORNL).


Event Problems

From Leg 1: Station 11, bottle #7 was hanging by safety line on recovery; bottle 
#11 spigot was broken during recovery and sample was lost. Station 13, bottle #7 
cracked and sample was lost. Station 35: bottle #1 spigot was broken while 
unloading and sample was lost; bottle #10 was leaking slowly when recovered but 
closed on deck; bottle #2 likely a miss-trip at shallow depth. Station 41, Ship 
power failure on downcast at 172 m. Station 45, bottle #2 was leaking slowly when 
recovered but closed on deck. Stations 49-53, Errors in CTD file; re-termination 
was necessary. Station 51, bottle #12 misfired at bottom depth. Station 59, bottle 
#1 misfired, no samples taken.

From Leg 2: Station 72, bottle #3 was hanging by safety line on recovery. Station 
76, bottle #10 was not fully open on deployment. Station 88, Winch level wind 
failed on up-cast at 130 m, rosette was lowered 10 m before continuing up. Station 
94, ship lost power on up-cast after Bottle #11 was fired. Station 109, bottle #9 
spigot was broken while unloading and sample was lost. Station 111, bottle #8 
likely a miss-trip at shallow depth.

Three times during Leg 2 (14 August, 19 September, 27 September), the sector- 
control for the aerosol sampler was set to 'always on" instead of 'automatic', 
resulting in samples likely contaminated by ship exhaust. During intense rain on 25 
September 2013, the sampler was set to "off' for 24 hours.





Arrayed Remote Sensing Deployments

SVP Drifter Deployments
  Principal Investigator: Shaun Dolk
  Institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory - NOAA

A total of ten SVP drifters, provided by the Global Drifter Program, were deployed 
during the cruise. The deployment procedure involved removing the startup magnet 
and then the plastic packaging before deployment. The drifters were deployed after 
the completion of the CTD station closest to the target deployment location. Once 
the ship was re-positioned and began steaming at approximately one knot, the 
drifter was released from the fantail of the ship. The time and position of each 
drifter deployment was recorded and transmitted via e-mail to the Drifter Center 
at AOML (Shaun.Dolk@noaa.gov). The following table shows the location of each SVP 
deployment made on CLIVAR/Carbon A16N 2013.


Table 18.1:  A16N_2013 SVP drifter deployment schedule.


                  S/N   Latitude  Longitude    Deployment Time
                ------  --------  ---------  -------------------
                116389  63.12 N    20.00 W   08/04/2013 04:53:00
                116104  60.96 N    20.01 W   08/05/2013 10:53:00
                116386  54.99 N    20.00 W   08/08/2013 04:48:00
                116256  51.98 N    20.00 W   08/09/2013 12:49:00
                116258  49.51 N    20.00 W   08/10/2013 21:15:00
                116390  48.50 N    20.00 W   08/11/2013 10:08:00
                116267  46.00 N    20.00 W   08/12/2013 09:31:00
                116280  44.96 N    20.00 W   08/13/2013 12:30:00
                116105  41.85 N    20.00 W   08/15/2013 04:50:00
                116255  40.00 N    20.00 W   08/16/2013 06:45:00





Argo Float Deployments
  Principal Investigator: Gregory C. Johnson
  Institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory - NOAA


Sixteen ARGO profiling CTD floats were launched during this cruise at the request 
of WHOI and AOML ARGO groups. These floats are part of the Argo array, a global 
network of over 3000 profiling floats. The floats are designed to sink to a depth 
of about 1000m. They then drift freely at depth for about ten days, before sinking 
to 2000m and then immediately rising to the surface, collecting CTD data as they 
rise. Conductivity (salinity), temperature, and pressure are measured and recorded 
at about 73 levels during each float ascent. At the surface, before the next dive 
begins, the acquired data is transmitted to shore via satellite, along with a 
location estimate taken while the float sits at the surface. The typical life time 
of the floats in the water is about four years. All Argo float data is made 
publicly available on the web in real-time at 
http://www.usgodae.org/argo/argo.html.

All floats were checked on the ship and started at least a day before deployment, 
by passing a magnet over the 'reset' area on the float. Each float's start-up time 
was logged. When in position, each float was then launched by carefully lowering 
it into the water using a hand-held line strung through the supplied deployment 
straps. Each float was deployed in the protective box the float shipped with. 
Deployments were done after the completion of the CTD station nearest to the 
requested deployment location, immediately after the ship had turned, and begun 
its course to the next station and had reached a speed of approximately one knot. 
All eight floats were deployed successfully. An e-mail report was sent to WHOI or 
AOML, depending on who provided the float, to report the float ID number, float 
start time, exact float deployment time, location, wind speed, wind direction, sea 
state and deployer's name(s). The following table shows the location of each Argo 
Float deployment made on CLIVAR/Carbon A16N_2013.


Table 19.1:  A16N_2013 Argo float deployment schedule.

              S/N IMEI   Latitude  Longitude    Deployment time
            -----------  --------  ---------  -------------------
            7084/046548  34.54 N    20.79 W   08/19/2013 09:12:00
            7143/159820  32.50 N    19.43 W   08/22/2013 20:05:00
            7162/159921  14.99 N    29.00 W   09/18/2013 19:45:00
            7142/159919  14.48 N    29.00 W   09/18/2013 22:19:00
            7140/146780  13.64 N    29.00 W   09/19/2013 11:34:22
            7148/159124  11.00 N    28.75 W   09/20/2013 20:15:00
            7127/159220   8.99 N    27.99 W   09/22/2013 01:10:00
            7167/159520   6.99 N    26.99 W   09/23/2013 06:48:00
            7144/159422   4.95 N    25.98 W   09/24/2013 11:54:00
            7182/046143   1.98 N    25.00 W   09/26/2013 08:40:00
            7139/146781   0.99 N    25.00 W   09/27/2013 00:32:00
            7041/046593   0.99 S    25.00 W   09/28/2013 09:28:00
            7160/159563   2.00 S    25.00 W   09/29/2013 03:43:00
            7146/159122   4.02 S    25.00 W   09/30/2013 12:00:00








APPENDIX

Main Rosette Cast Bottom Data

For each station/cast the following table shows the following information for the 
bottom of each cast, respectively:

• Station/Cast Number
• GMT Date and Time
• Latitude and Longitude
• Bathymetric Depth (meters)
• Distance Above Bottom (via Altimeter reading, meters)
• Calculated Depth using CTD data (meters)
• CTD Pressure (decibars)

A '-999' for any of these values indicates either an instrument error or data was 
not given.

Table 20.1:  A16N_2013 Cast data (also available at CCHDO website)

                                                      Bathy         CTD     CTD 
SSS/CC     Date & Time       Latitude & Longitude     Depth  DAB   Depth    Pres
------  -----------------  -------------------------  -----  ----  ------  ------
001/01  20130803 23:07:21  63 18.0642 N 20 00.0600 W   191   10.0   191.3   193.1
002/01  20130804 00:58:17  63 13.0386 N 20 00.0846 W   553    9.6   552.7   558.5
003/02  20130804 04:25:37  63 07.0020 N 20 00.1068 W   979   15.0   967.3   978.5
004/01  20130804 08:22:15  62 45.0372 N 19 59.8518 W  1405    9.0  1403    1420.7
005/01  20130804 13:00:11  62 19.9128 N 19 59.8638 W  1801    9.0  1799.3  1823.7
006/01  20130804 19:37:58  61 49.9734 N 19 59.9442 W  1705   10.0  1698.7  1721.3
007/02  20130805 00:22:56  61 36.8466 N 19 59.7666 W  2046   10.3  2043.8  2072.5
008/01  20130805 04:11:37  61 19.9560 N 19 59.6832 W  2350    9.3  2346.3  2380.9
009/01  20130805 08:17:08  60 59.8848 N 20 00.2934 W  2398   18.0  2382.4  2417.7
010/01  20130805 15:01:40  60 29.9658 N 20 00.0150 W  2528   10.5  2520.9  2559
011/02  20130805 21:23:55  60  0.0138 N 19 59.9082 W  2720   10.5  2713    2755.1
012/01  20130806 02:57:55  59 29.8338 N 19 59.8380 W  2766   10.5  2758.7  2801.7
013/01  20130806 08:18:04  58 59.9586 N 19 59.9430 W  2838   10.2  2829.7  2874.1
014/01  20130806 14:58:13  58 29.9712 N 19 59.8986 W  2566   11.0  2564.8  2600.2
015/02  20130806 21:13:50  58 00.1038 N 20 00.0978 W  1631    8.6  1628.5  1649.3
016/01  20130807 01:58:20  57 30.0126 N 19 59.9376 W  1161   10.4  1155.8  1169
017/01  20130807 06:17:11  57 00.0528 N 20 00.0876 W   971    9.5   968.5   979.2
018/01  20130807 11:36:52  56 29.9874 N 19 59.9826 W  1365   10.0  1364.2  1380.4
019/02  20130807 17:33:41  55 59.9916 N 19 59.9904 W  1455   10.0  1451.1  1468.7
020/01  20130807 22:11:47  55 30.0582 N 19 59.9760 W  1091   10.5  1083.7  1095.7
021/01  20130808 02:25:45  54 59.9508 N 19 59.6022 W  1643   11.1  1641.5  1661.9
022/01  20130808 08:07:52  54 29.9484 N 20 0.03240 W  1376   10.7  1375.4  1391.6
023/01  20130808 12:22:52  53 59.9160 N 19 59.8956 W  1413    9.0  1406.4  1423
024/01  20130808 17:14:15  53 30.0504 N 19 59.8056 W  2284   10.1  2279.5  2311.2
025/01  20130808 22:35:07  52 59.9682 N 20 00.0078 W  2672   11.7  2663.9  2703.1
026/01  20130809 04:27:49  52 29.9934 N 20 00.0558 W  2773   10.1  2769.8  2811.1
027/01  20130809 10:03:06  51 59.7402 N 20 00.0168 W  3752    9.8  3743.3  3807.8
028/01  20130809 17:04:37  51 30.0942 N 19 59.9874 W  3632   10.5  3618.8  3680
029/02  20130810 00:03:30  50 59.9766 N 20 00.0570 W  3664   10.3  3653.1  3715
030/01  20130810 06:13:08  50 29.8824 N 19 59.5158 W  3931   10.0  3916    3984.4
031/01  20130810 12:17:14  49 59.9646 N 19 59.9826 W  4402   10.0  4393.7  4475
032/01  20130810 19:26:43  49 30.5016 N 20 00.0888 W  3913   11.5  3908.5  3976.1
033/02  20130811 03:43:27  49 00.0198 N 19 59.4354 W  4407   10.2  4405.2  4486.3
034/01  20130811 09:52:40  48 29.9574 N 19 59.9736 W  4040   10.5  4034    4104.7
035/01  20130811 16:11:57  47 59.9820 N 20 00.0474 W  4361   10.5  4354.8  4434.2
036/01  20130811 23:33:03  47 28.7220 N 19 59.8188 W  4559   11.9  4541.6  4626
037/01  20130812 05:48:31  46 59.9106 N 19 59.5758 W  4538   10.9  4523.9  4607.5
038/01  20130812 12:59:20  46 29.9628 N 20 00.0078 W  4872   10.0  4855.9  4949.2
039/02  20130812 20:41:07  46 00.1374 N 20 00.0294 W  4845    9.0  4832.9  4925.2
040/01  20130813 03:10:49  45 29.8896 N 19 59.9940 W  4553    9.8  4539    4622.2
041/01  20130813 09:09:48  44 59.9838 N 20 00.0306 W  4313   10.9  4307.9  4384.5
042/01  20130813 16:51:37  44 29.8986 N 19 59.8008 W  4224    9.5  4215.8  4289.7
043/02  20130813 23:41:28  43 59.9346 N 20 00.0798 W  4010   10.4  4006.9  4075.1
044/01  20130814 05:46:56  43 30.0204 N 20 00.1938 W  4003    9.2  3993.8  4061.5
045/01  20130814 12:07:34  42 59.9358 N 19 59.9436 W  5162   13.4  5110.4  5210
046/01  20130814 19:34:28  42 30.1926 N 19 59.8470 W  4191   10.3  4186.6  4259
047/02  20130815 02:41:23  41 59.9952 N 19 59.9808 W  2373   14.3  2374.8  2405.4
048/01  20130815 07:54:43  41 29.9298 N 19 59.6268 W  2731    8.4  2734.2  2771.8
049/01  20130815 13:47:27  40 59.9562 N 19 59.9916 W  4710    9.7  4691.3  4777.2
050/01  20130815 21:15:52  40 30.0102 N 20 00.0918 W  4923   10.3  4898.4  4990.1
051/01  20130816 03:46:45  40 00.0012 N 19 59.9826 W  4768   10.2  4763.2  4850.7
052/01  20130816 11:08:02  39 29.9388 N 19 59.9742 W  4674   10.3  4654.8  4738.9
053/02  20130816 19:04:14  38 59.9508 N 19 59.9436 W  4756    9.6  4738.4  4824.7
054/01  20130817 01:25:37  38 29.9916 N 19 59.9652 W  4238   12.1  4231.9  4303.8
055/01  20130817 07:56:02  38 00.1716 N 20 00.3342 W  5119   10.3  5115    5212.3
056/01  20130817 15:54:13  37 30.2370 N 20 00.0750 W  4836    8.6  4818.1  4906.2
057/02  20130817 23:10:38  36 59.9604 N 19 59.9742 W  3822   10.2  3820.8  3881.5
058/01  20130818 05:30:57  36 30.0282 N 20 00.1566 W  5170    9.2  5148.9  5246.5
059/01  20130818 12:12:37  35 59.9862 N 19 59.9646 W  5364   10.4  5342.2  5445.7
060/01  20130818 20:16:05  35 29.9592 N 20 17.0622 W  5280   11.8  5258.2  5358.8
061/01  20130819 03:27:44  35 00.0408 N 20 33.9852 W  5123   10.3  5099.6  5195
062/01  20130819 11:34:38  34 30.0474 N 20 51.0198 W  5177    9.9  5155.4  5252.3
063/02  20130819 20:10:33  34 00.1056 N 21 07.8168 W  5244   10.5  5224.5  5323.2
064/01  20130820 03:21:04  33 29.9700 N 21 23.9904 W  5343    9.3  5321.8  5423.3
065/01  20130820 10:25:37  32 59.9646 N 21 41.0082 W  5265    9.3  5246.6  5345.5
066/01  20130820 18:29:42  32 30.1104 N 21 57.9852 W  5214   10.6  5200.2  5297.4
067/02  20130821 02:43:51  32 00.0030 N 22 15.0042 W  5178    9.8  5159.8  5255.6
068/01  20130821 09:41:54  31 30.0036 N 22 32.0328 W  5232    9.2  5214.3  5311.6
069/02  20130821 17:46:32  31 00.0192 N 22 49.0944 W  5248    8.1  5228.4  5325.9
070/01  20130822 00:46:14  30 30.0276 N 23 05.9550 W  5290   10.0  5271    5369.5
071/01  20130903 08:14:33  30 29.9820 N 23 06.0948 W  5288   10.4  5271.3  5369.8
072/01  20130903 15:16:48  30 00.0480 N 23 22.0110 W  5254   10.6  5234.1  5331.3
073/01  20130903 23:27:53  29 30.1500 N 23 39.1080 W  5241   12.6  5219.4  5315.9
074/01  20130904 06:37:49  28 59.9886 N 23 56.0982 W  5202    9.7  5182.3  5277.5
075/01  20130904 14:42:14  28 29.9742 N 24 13.0038 W  5220   14.1  5193.2  5288.5
076/02  20130904 22:56:59  28 00.1302 N 24 30.2034 W  5233   10.4  5211.9  5307.6
077/01  20130905 06:08:27  27 29.9904 N 24 47.0544 W  5206    9.8  5195.6  5290.5
078/01  20130905 13:17:24  27 00.0390 N 25 3.96660 W  5250    9.9  5236    5332
079/01  20130905 21:25:30  26 30.0888 N 25 21.1020 W  5262   12.0  5241.4  5337.4
080/01  20130906 04:32:55  25 59.9148 N 25 37.9428 W  4490   10.8  4512.2  4586.9
081/01  20130906 12:41:37  25 29.9664 N 25 54.0744 W  5366   24.4  5337.7  5436.2
082/02  20130906 20:48:57  25 00.0240 N 26 11.0034 W  5408    8.6  5392.4  5492.4
083/01  20130907 03:47:42  24 34.0998 N 26 25.9410 W  5428   16.3  5402.7  5502.9
084/01  20130907 12:52:16  23 59.9814 N 26 45.0240 W  5469   25.5  5441.7  5542.9
085/01  20130907 21:06:37  23 30.1446 N 27 02.0706 W  5517   27.1  5487.5  5589.9
086/01  20130908 04:44:41  23 00.0378 N 27 18.9420 W  5536   17.0  5508.2  5611.1
087/01  20130908 13:14:11  22 29.9838 N 27 35.9508 W  5499   10.0  5483.9  5585.9
088/02  20130908 21:42:49  22 00.1452 N 27 53.2302 W  5463   14.8  5439    5539.3
089/01  20130909 05:30:26  21 29.9886 N 28 09.0192 W  5358   17.0  5335.4  5432.4
090/01  20130909 13:06:33  20 59.9820 N 28 25.9836 W  5083   10.8  5063    5151.6
091/01  20130909 21:12:56  20 30.2604 N 28 43.1118 W  5159    9.8  5140.8  5231.6
092/01  20130912 20:28:02  17 29.4960 N 29 00.0228 W  4671    9.8  4657.5  4733.8
093/01  20130913 05:30:52  18 14.9958 N 29 00.1284 W  4655   16.4  4642.7  4718.7
094/01  20130913 14:55:59  18 59.9922 N 29 00.0030 W  4580   18.0  4554.7  4628.5
095/01  20130914 00:05:07  19 45.0828 N 28 59.8986 W  4758    8.7  4740.3  4819.4
096/02  20130915 19:24:48  17 00.2988 N 29 00.3378 W  4891  497.9  2920.4  2956.1
096/04  20130915 03:36:21  17 00.4470 N 28 59.9754 W  4873    9.9  4852.4  4933.9
097/01  20130915 11:49:45  16 19.9488 N 28 59.9274 W  5126   14.4  5098.9  5187.4
098/02  20130918 21:03:21  15 40.1058 N 28 59.6652 W  5175   14.0  5149.1  5238.8
099/02  20130919 17:22:54  14 59.9958 N 29 00.0024 W  5313   10.5  5287    5380.7
100/01  20130919 00:50:58  14 19.9470 N 28 59.9940 W  5413   10.0  5391.7  5488.4
101/01  20130919 08:07:56  13 39.9468 N 29 00.0396 W  5539   15.4  5514.1  5614.4
102/01  20130920 16:44:40  13 00.1350 N 29 00.0108 W  5714   11.7  5688.1  5793.7
103/02  20130920 01:15:32  12 20.0478 N 29 00.0246 W  5671    9.0  5648.8  5753
104/01  20130920 08:44:35  11 39.9666 N 29 00.0846 W  5600   15.3  5567.8  5669.3
105/02  20130921 17:34:27  11 00.6174 N 28 59.5404 W  5987   15.4  5953.6  6067.4
106/01  20130921 00:46:13  10 30.0516 N 28 44.9226 W  5386   10.2  5353.2  5447.9
107/01  20130921 07:22:22  10 00.0228 N 28 30.0312 W  5367   15.9  5327    5420.8
108/01  20130922 15:23:54   9 30.0546 N 28 15.0372 W  5418   10.7  5406.1  5502.2
109/02  20130921 23:06:44   8 59.9784 N 27 59.9004 W  5218   10.6  5207.4  5297.4
110/01  20130922 06:07:29   8 30.0432 N 27 45.0282 W  4949   15.9  4921.1  5002.7
111/02  20130922 14:19:11   8 00.0018 N 27 29.9970 W  5096   11.0  5075    5160.9
112/01  20130922 21:17:16   7 30.0888 N 27 14.9886 W  4634   11.0  4616.4  4689.4
113/01  20130923 03:54:20   7 00.0204 N 26 59.9238 W  4374   10.7  4354.4  4420.6
114/01  20130923 11:32:10   6 30.0372 N 26 45.0552 W  4657   15.1  4633.4  4706.8
115/02  20130923 19:09:01   5 59.8212 N 26 30.3024 W  4301    6.4  4262.4  4326.1
116/01  20130924 02:05:50   5 30.0030 N 26 15.0534 W  4261   10.9  4255.5  4319
117/01  20130924 08:41:09   4 59.9256 N 26 00.0018 W  4530   14.9  4507.4  4577.4
118/01  20130924 16:24:55   4 30.1044 N 25 44.8716 W  4090   11.2  4085.1  4144.4
119/02  20130925 00:05:56   4 00.1614 N 25 30.1530 W  4037   10.3  4031.7  4089.7
120/01  20130925 06:56:45   3 30.0090 N 25 15.0306 W  4133   14.7  4128.2  4188.4
121/02  20130925 14:47:07   2 59.9994 N 25 00.0006 W  4420    9.2  4399.1  4466.1
122/01  20130925 20:04:47   2 40.0500 N 25 00.0018 W  4097    9.0  4093.3  4152.7
123/01  20130926 01:04:23   2 20.0046 N 25 00.0600 W  3768   11.6  3758.8  3810.4
124/01  20130926 05:57:31   1 59.9838 N 25 00.0264 W  3884   14.0  3872.9  3927.1
125/01  20130926 11:45:52   1 39.9138 N 25 00.0366 W  3823   13.2  3812.9  3865.7
126/01  20130926 17:16:34   1 20.0178 N 25 00.0168 W  3635    9.5  3629.6  3678.3
127/02  20130926 22:55:40   1 00.9564 N 25 00.0114 W  3138   10.8  3128.8  3167
128/01  20130927 04:00:44   0 39.9978 N 25 00.0096 W  4439   13.6  4420.3  4487.9
129/01  20130927 09:13:50   0 20.0856 N 24 59.9346 W  3591   19.3  3562.5  3609.8
130/02  20130927 15:31:35   0 0.04740 S 24 59.3934 W  3094   11.1  3117.6  3155.6
131/01  20130927 21:32:54   0 19.9386 S 25 00.1296 W  3049   79.7  3011.5  3047.5
132/01  20130928 02:19:47   0 39.9678 S 25 00.0354 W  3213    9.8  3199.4  3239.1
133/01  20130928 06:56:10   0 59.7552 S 24 59.8602 W  3057   12.8  3086.4  3123.9
134/01  20130928 13:16:10   1 19.9536 S 25 00.0144 W  4729   10.1  4711.5  4786.9
135/01  20130928 18:58:19   1 39.9252 S 24 59.9748 W  4945    9.5  4927.5  5008.8
136/02  20130929 01:46:18   1 59.9496 S 24 59.9550 W  4961    8.9  4933.9  5015.5
137/01  20130929 07:24:54   2 19.9932 S 24 59.9712 W  5042   13.8  5020.3  5104.3
138/02  20130929 13:41:11   2 40.0164 S 25 00.0090 W  5372    9.6  5341.9  5435.4
139/01  20130929 19:53:37   2 59.9904 S 24 59.9790 W  5367    9.0  5343.5  5437.1
140/01  20130930 02:46:34   3 29.9754 S 24 59.9652 W  5570    7.4  5549.2  5649.1
141/01  20130930 09:39:54   3 59.9934 S 24 59.8902 W  5346   14.2  5314.5  5407.2
142/01  20130930 16:33:24   4 29.9322 S 25 00.0006 W  5552   11.2  5521.2  5620.4
143/01  20130930 23:41:19   4 59.9706 S 25 00.0288 W  5692    9.2  5664.4  5768.1
144/01  20131001 06:49:33   5 29.9682 S 24 59.9898 W  5681   16.1  5632.5  5735.3
145/01  20131001 13:56:28   5 59.8944 S 25 00.0066 W  5808    9.2  5781.3  5888.8





Trace Metal Cast Bottom Data

For each station/cast the following table shows the following information for the 
bottom of each cast, respectively:

• Station/Cast Number
• Latitude and Longitude
• Bathymetric Depth (meters)
• Calculated Depth using CTD data (meters)
• CTD Pressure (decibars)

A '-999' for any of these values indicates either an instrument error or data was 
not given.

Table 20.2:  A16N 2013 Trace metal cast bottom data

                                             Bathy   CTD     CTD
         SSS/CC     Latitude & Longitude     Depth  Depth    Pres
         ------  --------------------------  -----  ------  ------
         003/01  63  6.9258 N  20  0.084  W    977   979.3   989.2
         005/02  62 19.9236 N  19 59.8014 W   1801  1051.3  1062
         007/01  61 36.8526 N  19 59.7942 W   2045  1040.1  1050.7
         009/02  60 59.8836 N  20  0.6972 W   2395   951.8   961.3
         011/01  60  0.0138 N  19 59.9088 W   2720  1026.1  1036.5
         013/02  58 59.9604 N  20  0.0624 W   2835  1043.4  1054
         015/01  58  0.102  N  20  0.0936 W   1631  1036.1  1046.6
         017/02  57  0.1386 N  20  0.0426 W    971   936     945.2
         019/01  55 59.9952 N  19 59.9886 W   1455   974.1   983.8
         021/02  54 59.79   N  19 59.505  W   1637  1039.8  1050.2
         027/02  51 59.7024 N  20  0.1674 W   3747   954.6  964.1
         029/01  50 59.9796 N  20  0.0564 W   3665  1039    1049.5
         031/02  50  0.0378 N  20  0.0798 W   4401   966.6   976.1
         033/01  49  0.024  N  19 59.8074 W   4406  1050.6  1061.1
         035/02  47 59.8248 N  19 59.8398 W   4364   969.1   978.5
         037/02  46 59.592  N  19 59.5596 W   4538  1036.9  1047
         039/01  46  0.1374 N  20  0.0282 W   4839  1038    1048.2
         041/02  44 59.9952 N  20  0.129  W   4302  1020.5  1030.5
         043/01  43 59.9424 N  20  0.006  W   4005   965     974.3
         045/02  43  0.0036 N  19 59.8776 W   5165  1049.3  1059.7
         047/01  41 59.8164 N  19 59.9874 W   2204   951.5   960.7
         051/02  40  0.0042 N  19 59.9826 W   4783   964.9   975.3
         055/02  38  0.1704 N  20  0.3324 W   5114   968.9   978.2
         057/01  36 59.9706 N  19 59.9736 W   3819  1041.7  1051.9
         059/02  35 59.985  N  19 59.9652 W   5362  1038.9  1049.1
         061/02  35  0.0852 N  20 34.0038 W   5114   968.7   978
         063/01  34  0.0882 N  21 7.9218  W   5243  1043.7  1053.8
         065/02  33  0.0348 N  21 40.8564 W   5266  1010.5  1020.2
         066/02  32 30.111  N  21 57.9858 W   5214   162.3   163.4
         067/01  31 59.8092 N  22 15.0624 W   5180   964.7   973.7
         069/01  31  0.0198 N  22 49.0938 W   5250  1038.3  1048.3
         072/02  30  0.0378 N  23 22.0206 W   5255  1029.6  1039.5
         074/02  28 59.9928 N  23 56.0988 W   5202   973.6   982.7
         076/01  28  0.015  N  24 30.0522 W   5235  1014    1023.7
         078/02  27  0.0378 N  25  3.9702 W   5255   975.3   984.5
         080/02  25 59.9148 N  25 37.941  W   4506  1040.9  1050.9
         082/01  25  0.0078 N  26 10.9908 W   5410   959.4   968.4
         084/02  24  0.006  N  26 44.9856 W   5472  1039.1  1049.1
         086/02  23  0.0264 N  27 18.9324 W   5535   963.7   972.7
         088/01  22  0.0156 N  27 53.1432 W   5461  1036.6  1046.5
         090/02  21  0.0282 N  28 25.899  W   5083   911.5   919.9
         093/02  18 15.0222 N  29  0.0804 W   4661  1036.3  1046.3
         094/02  18 59.9928 N  29  0.003  W   4579   962.7   971.7
         096/01  16 59.9526 N  28 59.976  W   4895   967     976.2
         096/03  17  0.6396 N  29  0.7686 W   4868   812.1   819.4
         098/01  15 39.996  N  28 59.7306 W   5172  1033.2  1043.2
         099/01  15  0.231  N  28 59.1072 W   5312   959.3   968.4
         101/02  13 39.9462 N  29  0.0384 W   5542  1035.7  1045.7
         103/01  12 19.9224 N  29  0.2028 W   5668   967.5   976.6
         105/01  11  0.3426 N  28 59.7696 W   5977   998.7  1008.3
         107/02  10  0.0222 N  28 29.958  W   5386   962.6   971.7
         109/01   9  0.0984 N  28  0.015  W   5237  1035.5  1045.5
         111/01   8  0.0318 N  27 29.9562 W   5095  1035.6  1045.4
         113/02   7  0.0066 N  26 59.9112 W   4375   958.6   967.4
         115/01   5 59.9226 N  26 30.1656 W   4301  1035.1  1044.8
         117/02   4 59.925  N  26  0.0042 W   4531   887     894.9
         119/01   4  0.0894 N  25 30.1644 W   4038   961.5   970.3
         121/01   2 59.982  N  25  0.0672 W   4419  1036.3  1046.1
         124/02   1 59.985  N  25  0.0252 W   3883   960.5   969.5
         125/02   1 39.8616 N  25  0.0036 W   3821   100.9   101.4
         127/01     10.9762 N  25  0.0354 W   3133   838     845.5
         130/01   0  0.1494 S  24 59.7666 W   3114  1008.8  1018.4
         130/03   0  0.0984 N  24 58.6794 W   3271  1031.3  1041.1
         133/02   0 59.9496 S  24 59.7528 W   2996   984.7   994
         136/01   1 59.9274 S  24 59.994  W   4964  1036    1045.9
         138/01   2 40.0062 S  24 59.9976 W   5371   196     197.2








Bottle Quality Codes and Comments


Quality evaluation of data included comparison of bottle salinity and bottle oxygen data 
with CTDO data using plots of differences; and review of various property plots and 
vertical sections of the station profiles and adjoining stations. Comments from the Sample 
Logs and the results of investigations into bottle problems and anomalous sample values 
are included in this report. Sample number in this table is the cast number times 100 plus 
the bottle position number.


Table 20.3:  A16N_2013 Bottle quality codes and comments.

 Stn/  Btl            Qual 
 Cast   #   Parameter Code                            Comments
-----  ---  --------- ---- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
  1/1  104  Bottle      3  Leak on bottom end cap. CFC and He skip sample.
  1/1  104  O2          4  Bottle value low for CTD up and down profile as well as
                           supporting parameters. Bottle leak reported.
  1/1  110  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
  1/1  110  Salinity    3  Bottle value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
  2/1  102  O2          3  Bottle value low for profile and supporting parameters.
  2/1  113  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
  2/1  115  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
  3/2  214  O2          3  Sample value high for CTD profile, adjacent casts and
                           supporting parameters. Code questionable.
  4/1  116  Bottle      4  Missed trip, O2 temp 3 degrees high. CMS: Other parameters 
                           support missed trip.
  4/1  116  Nitrite     4  Missed trip.
  4/1  116  Nitrate     4  Missed trip.
  4/1  116  O2          4  Missed trip, value high for depth in water column.
  4/1  116  Phosphate   4  Missed trip.
  4/1  116  Salinity    4  Missed trip, value low for depth in water column.
  4/1  116  Silicate    4  Missed trip.
  6/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. calculated CTDS1/CTDS2. Code
                           questionable.
  6/1  102  Bottle      3  Stopcock ring fell off. Bottle leaking. Replaced O-ring.
  6/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
  6/1  124  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
  8/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
  8/1  123  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
  9/1  102  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
  9/1  114  O2          5  Sample lost. Not reported.
  9/1  122  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 10/1  105  O2          3  Sample value is not reasonable vs. CTD profile, adjacent cast 
                           or supporting parameters. Code questionable.
 10/1  123  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high for CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 11/2  218  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
 13/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs
                           CTDS1/CTDS2. Code questionable.
 13/1  102  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs
                           CTDS1/CTDS2. Code questionable.
 13/1  103  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs
                           CTDS1/CTDS2. Code questionable.
 13/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs
                           CTDS1/CTDS2. Code questionable.
 13/1  105  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 13/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 13/1  107  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 13/1  108  Salinity    3  Sample values high for lower part of profile vs CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 13/1  112  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  113  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  114  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  116  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  117  Bottle      3  Bottle leaked after vent opened. Stopped leaking after PCO2 
                           sample drawn.
 13/1  117  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  122  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 13/1  124  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 values over written before upload.
 14/1  102  Bottle      3  Stopcock disk popped off. No water after D0C drawn.
 14/1  107  Salinity    5  Sample lost, not reported.
 14/1  111  Salinity    4  Bottle value high vs calculated CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 14/1  123  Salinity    4  Bottle value high vs calculated CTDS1/CTDS2. Code bad.
 15/2  204  Salinity    3  Bottle value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
 16/1  102  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 16/1  108  Bottle      3  Spigot pushed into bottle. O-ring off. No samples after O2 
                           drawn.
 16/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data not recovered.
 16/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data not recovered.
 16/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data not recovered.
 17/1  117  Bottle      3  Bottle 16 lanyard caught inside top end cap of 17 Slow leak 
                           from bottle.
 18/1  106  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable
 18/1  107  Refc.Temp.  5  Bottle tripped 3 seconds before 108 Not enough time to record 
                           SBE35 data. Value not recovered.
 18/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  Bottle tripped 2 seconds before 124 Not enough time to record 
                           SBE35 data. Value not recovered.
 19/2  201  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Code questionable.
 19/2  202  Bottle      3  Stopcock disk fell off. No samples after CFC5 drawn.
 21/1  105  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable
 22/1  104  Bottle      3  O-ring came off after before DOC drawn. Sampling continued.
 22/1  104  O2          3  Sample value low for CTD profile and supporting parameters. 
                           Code questionable.
 22/1  114  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 23/1  105  Salinity    3  Sample value high for CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
 23/1  106  O2          3  Sample value high for supporting parameters. 
                           Code questionable.
 23/1  121  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low for CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 23/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value orders of magnitude low for CTDS1/CTDS2. 
                           Possible mis-sample.
 24/1  110  O2          3  Sample value high for supporting parameters and profile.
                           Code questionable.
 24/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value high for CTDC1/CTDC2. 
                           Code questionable.
 25/1  123  O2          4  Sample value low for profile, adjoining stations and 
                           supporting parameters. Code bad.
 25/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 26/1  104  Bottle      5  Bottom end cap closed on lanyard. No seal made. All Water 
                           lost/ not reported.
 26/1  106  O2          3  Sample value high for profile, adjoining stations and 
                           supporting parameters. Code questionable.
 26/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample value high for profile, adjoining stations and 
                           supporting parameters. Code questionable.
 26/1  110  Bottle      3  O-ring dislodged. Spigot pushed inside rosette sample. Water 
                           lost after DIC sample drawn.
 27/1  112  O2          3  Sample value high for profile, adjoining stations and 
                           supporting parameters. Code questionable.
 27/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 28/1  106  Salinity    4  Bottle value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Value matches btl 13. 
                           Possibly missampled or run out of order.
 28/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1//CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 29/2  219  O2          2  O2 temperature sensor inoperable. Replaced after sample.
 29/2  223  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 30/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. 
                           Code questionable.
 31/1  112  O2          3  Sample value high for profile, adjoining stations and 
                           supporting parameters. Code questionable.
 31/1  115  Salinity    5  Sample not found in case. Not reported.
 31/1  121  Bottle      3  Bottom end cap leak. No water left for salinity sample.
 31/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 31/1  122  Salinity    4  Sample value low for calculated CTDS1/CTDS2.  
                           Code questionable.
 32/1  102  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches bottle 
                           106. Possible missample.  Code questionable.
 32/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1 and high vs. CTDC2. Code bad.
 33/2  222  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 34/1  121  Bottle      3  Dribble leak from bottom end cap. O-ring changed after sampling.
 34/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 35/1  112  Refc.Temp.  3  Sample value high vs CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 35/1  112  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 36/1  106  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 36/1  109  Salinity    4  Sample value matches 110 Possible missample.
 36/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1 and high vs CTDC2. Code bad.
 36/1  123  Bottle      3  Spigot O-ring dislodged. Spigot pushed into Niskin. TALK last 
                           sample drawn.
 37/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 37/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 37/1  122  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 37/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 38/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 38/1  124  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 39/2  211  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 40/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 41/1  102  Bottle      3  Petcock not completely pulled out on deployment. Slight leak on 
                           recovery.
 41/1  104  Bottle      3  Petcock not completely pulled out on deployment. Slight leak on 
                           recovery.
 41/1  119  O2          3  Sample value low vs profile, adjacent casts and supporting 
                           parameters.  Code questionable.
 42/1  110  Ref.Temp.   4  SBE35 irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 43/2  206  O2          3  Sample value high vs profile, adjacent casts and supporting 
                           parameters.  Code questionable.
 43/2  209  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 45/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 45/1  102  Bottle      3  Spigot pushed in on recovery. All parameters sampled.
 45/1  124  Ref.Temp.   4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 46/1  110  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 46/1  110  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 46/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 47/2  203  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 48/1  109  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 48/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 48/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDC1 and high vs. CTDC2. Code bad.
 49/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 49/1  105  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches bottle 
                           106. Possible missample. Code bad.
 50/1  102  Bottle      5  O-ring came off. Spigot forced inside bottle. No samples drawn 
                           or reported.
 50/1  103  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 50/1  113  Salinity    3  Sample value high for CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 50/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 50/1  122  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 50/1  123  Salinity    5  Sample not found in case.
 51/1  107  Bottle      3  O-ring broke rosette bottle leaking.
 51/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 52/1  110  Bottle      3  Spigot pushed into niskin. Spigot recovered. All samples drawn.
 52/1  117  Bottle      3  Spigot pushed into niskin. Spigot recovered. All samples drawn.
 52/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 53/2  223  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular for CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 53/2  224  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high & irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 54/1  111  Salinity    5  Sample not reported, missing or lost.
 54/1  121  Refc.Temp.  4  Sample irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 54/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  Sample irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 55/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 55/1  102  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 55/1  108  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 56/1  108  O2          3  Sample value low for profile & adjoining stations.  Code 
                           questionable.
 57/2  209  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 57/2  210  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 57/2  221  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 58/1  102  Salinity    3  Sample high for profile vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 58/1  114  Salinity    4  Sample high for profile vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches 
                           bottle 115 Possible missample. Code bad.
 58/1  115  O2          3  Sample low for profile, adjoining stations and supporting 
                           parameters.  Code questionable.
 58/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 59/1  110  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 59/1  111  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 60/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 61/1  109  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Does not fit profile data, 
                           code bad.
 61/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Value matches bottle 20. 
                           Possibly missampled. Code bad.
 62/1  110  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 63/2  222  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 64/1  112  O2          3  Sample value low for CTD profile, adjacent casts and supporting 
                           parameters.  Code questionable.
 64/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 64/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 65/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 66/1  112  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 66/1  112  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 66/1  124  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 67/2  208  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 68/1  102  Salinity    5  Sample not in sample case.
 68/1  105  O2          3  Sample value high for profile and adjoining casts.  
                           Code questionable.
 68/1  112  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 69/2  204  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 69/2  205  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 69/2  214  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 70/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample does not match profile, 
                           code bad.
 71/1  115  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample matches rosette sample 
                           bottle 14 value. Possible missample.
 71/1  119  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 71/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 71/1  122  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 72/1  112  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular read vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 73/1  108  Bottle      4  Lanyard caught in top end cap. CFC, DIC, PH and TALK not sampled.
 73/1  108  O2          4  Sample value low for profile. Top end cap not closed properly. 
                           Assumed missed trip.
 73/1  108  Salinity    4  Sample value high for profile. Top end cap not closed properly.
                           Sample contaminated.
 73/1  115  Salinity    4  Sample value matches btl 16 Possibly missampled.
 74/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 75/1  105  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 75/1  109  O2          5  Sample lost.
 76/2  221  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 76/2  222  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 77/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 77/1  110  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 77/1  112  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  113  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  114  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  116  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  117  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  120  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 77/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  121  Total ALK   5  Sample note reported. Missing.
 77/1  122  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 77/1  124  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  101  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  102  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  103  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  104  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  105  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  106  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  107  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  108  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  109  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  110  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  111  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  112  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  113  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  114  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  116  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  117  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  120  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 78/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  122  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 78/1  124  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 file over written before data could be uploaded. Data lost.
 79/1  114  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 79/1  117  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 79/1  122  pH          5  Sample not reported. Missing.
 80/1  101  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  102  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  103  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  104  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  105  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  106  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  107  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  108  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  109  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at -l43Sdbar and went 
                           back down 30m to l46Sdbar before starting back towards surface.
 80/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  Bottle tripped 15 seconds before 122 Not enough time to record 
                           SBE35 data.
 80/1  122  Bottle      4  Bottle 22 and 21 accidentally tripped at same depth. O2, PCO2 and 
                           nutrients only drawn from both niskin 21 and 22
 80/1  122  pH          5  Sample lost. Sample not reported. Missing.
 81/1  113  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable
 81/1  116  pH.         5  Sample not reported. Missing.
 81/1  121  Bottle      3  Vent left open before cast. Bottle leaking during sampling.
 81/1  122  Bottle      3  Vent left open before cast. Bottle leaking during sampling.
 81/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 81/1  123  Bottle      3  Vent left open before cast. Bottle leaking during sampling.
 81/1  124  Bottle      3  Vent left open before cast. Bottle leaking during sampling.
 82/2  201  Total Alk   5  Sample value not reported. Missing.
 82/2  217  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 83/1  107  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 83/1  115  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 83/1  119  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 83/1  119  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 83/1  120  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Value matches btl 22 Possibly 
                           missampled or run out of order.
 83/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 84/1  101  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for several tens of meters 
                           before starting back towards surface.
 84/1  101  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Value matches btl 2 Possibly 
                           missampled.  Code questionable.
 84/1  102  Bottle      3  Spigot ring came off. Bottle empty before salinity and CDOM could 
                           be drawn. Spigot replaced after sampling.
 84/1  103  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  104  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  105  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  106  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  107  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  108  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  109  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  110  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  111  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  112  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  113  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  114  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped repeated during upcast 
                           and descended back towards bottom for tens of meters before 
                           starting back towards surface.
 84/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  Xx sec wait was not observed for bottle trip. SBE35 data missing 
                           from bottle 15 of this cast.
 84/1  118  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad
 84/1  119  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 84/1  122  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 84/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 85/1  101  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  102  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  103  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  104  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  105  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  106  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 85/1  107  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  108  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  109  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  110  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  111  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  112  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  113  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  114  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  115  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  116  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  117  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  118  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  119  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  120  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  121  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  122  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  122  Salinity    5  Sample missing/lost.
 85/1  123  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 85/1  123  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Value matches btl 20 Possibly 
                           missampled or run out of order. Code bad.
 85/1  124  Bottle      2  Winch wire wrap issues. Package stopped at 149m on upcast and 
                           descended back towards bottom for ~15m before starting back 
                           towards surface.
 86/1  106  CCL4        5  Sample log noted as sampled. Sample not found.
 86/1  106  CFC-11      5  Sample log noted as sampled. Sample not found.
 86/1  106  CFC-12      5  Sample log noted as sampled. Sample not found.
 86/1  106  SF6         5  Sample log noted as sampled. Sample not found.
 86/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 86/1  121  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 86/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 87/1  101  O2          2  High O2 sample temp noted on sample log. Value appears normal. 
                           No other problems noted.
 87/1  116  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
 87/1  119  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 88/2  216  pH.         5  Sample not reported. Missing.
 88/2  219  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 89/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
 89/1  108  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  109  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  110  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  111  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  112  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  113  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  114  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 89/1  115  Salinity    4  Suppression switch not increased through analysis. 
                           Sample value incorrect.
 90/1  106  Bottle      3  Bottle leaking out of bottom. Water samples not recovered.
 90/1  113  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 90/1  122  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 90/1  122  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 91/1  117  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 91/1  117  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 91/1  119  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
 92/1  101  TAlk        5  Sample lost, not reported.
 93/1  120  O2          5  Sample lost, not reported.
 93/1  120  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 94/1  102  Bottle      3  Slight leak from bottom end cap. Nutrients, salinity and 
                           CDOM sampled only.
 94/1  107  O2          5  Sample not reported. Missing.
 94/1  117  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 95/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 95/1  124  Salinity    5  Sample not reported.
 96/4  401  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches bottle 2 
                           Possible missample. Code questionable
 96/4  403  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 96/4  419  Bottle      5  Bottle did not fire. Not reported.
 96/4  421  Bottle      5  Bottle did not fire. Not reported.
 97/1  101  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches CTD btl 
                           102. Possible missample. Code bad
 97/1  102  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value matches CTD btl 
                           101. Possible missample.Code bad
 97/1  103  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
 97/1  104  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 97/1  105  Bottle      5  Bottle did not trip. Sample lost! not reported.
 97/1  107  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code questionable
 97/1  110  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 97/1  113  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 97/1  115  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 97/1  119  Bottle      3  Bottle did not trip. Nutrients sampled at a later time.
 97/1  120  Bottle      5  Bottle did not trip. Sample lost/ not reported.
 97/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad
 98/2  203  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
 98/2  204  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code questionable
 98/2  205  Bottle      5  Bottle did not trip. Sample lost! not reported.
 98/2  211  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code questionable
 98/2  221  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable
 98/2  222  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code bad.
 98/2  223  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code questionable
 99/2  209  Bottle      5  Bottle did not trip close. No values reported.
 99/2  217  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Does not match profile. Code 
                           questionable
 99/2  222  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
100/1  117  Bottle      5  Bottle not fired. Not reported.
100/1  120  Bottle      3  Leak from bottom end cap. Water drained, No samples taken.
100/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code questionable
100/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code questionable
100/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code questionable
101/1  101  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Sample value matches bottle 
                           103. Possible missample. Code bad.
101/1  117  Bottle      5  Bottle not tripped. Not reported.
101/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code questionable
101/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code questionable
101/1  124  Bottle      3  Vent found slightly open by first sampler.
102/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2.  Code questionable.
103/2  217  Bottle      5  Bottle not tripped. Carousel head replaced after sampling. Sample 
                           value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.
103/2  221  Salinity    3  Sample Value does not match profile.  Code questionable.
103/2  222  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Value does not match profile. 
                           Code bad.
104/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
104/1  123  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
104/1  124  Bottle      5  Lanyard caught between bottles. Bottom end cap could not close. 
                           Water sample drained out of bottle bottom.
105/2  201  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2.  Code questionable.
105/2  223  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1!CTDT2.  Code questionable.
106/1  118  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
106/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
107/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1!CTDT2.  Code questionable.
107/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2.  Code questionable.
107/1  124  Bottle      5  Bottle not tripped.
109/2  221  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
109/2  222  Bottle      5  Bottom end cap did not close.
109/2  223  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2.  Code questionable.
109/2  224  Bottle      5  Bottom end cap did not close. Not reported.
111/2  214  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
111/2  220  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code bad.
111/2  223  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
112/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1!CTDT2. Code bad.
112/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1!CTDC2.  Code questionable.
112/1  122  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1!CTDC2. Code bad.
112/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
112/1  124  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
113/1  115  Bottle      3  Leak from nozzle. C14-DIC and DOC not sampled.
113/1  124  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
114/1  115  Bottle      3  Spigot disk/stop cock pulled off. O-ring replaced.
114/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
114/1  122  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
114/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
115/2  219  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
115/2  219  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
115/2  220  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
115/2  221  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
115/2  222  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
116/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
116/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
116/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
116/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
117/1  117  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
117/1  122  Refc.Temp.  4  15 second wait for SBE35 not observed after firing bottle.
118/1  113  Bottle      5  Bottle did not trip close. Not reported.
118/1  124  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
119/2  201  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
119/2  206  Total Alk   5  Sample value not reported, lost.
119/2  220  Bottle      3  Bottle leaked from bottom end cap after vent opened.
120/1  103  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
120/1  105  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
120/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
120/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
121/2  219  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 value low vs CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
121/2  219  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
122/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
122/1  106  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
122/1  110  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
123/1  103  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
123/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
123/1  115  Bottle      3  O-ring slips off spigot. Spigot slips into rosette bottle.
123/1  116  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 value high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
123/1  117  Bottle      3  O-ring slips off spigot. Spigot slips into rosette bottle.
124/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
124/1  103  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
124/1  114  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
124/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
125/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
125/1  104  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
125/1  112  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  113  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  114  Bottle      3  O-ring and disk came off spigot.
125/1  114  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  116  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  117  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  119  Salinity    5  Sample not reported, missing or lost.
125/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  121  DIC         5  Sample lost/ not reported.
125/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
125/1  122  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
125/1  124  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory overwritten. Data lost.
126/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
126/1  103  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
126/1  114  Bottle      3  O-ring and disk came off spigot.
127/2  201  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
127/2  202  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
127/2  203  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
127/2  204  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
127/2  214  Bottle      3  O-ring and disk came off spigot.
127/2  220  Refc.Temp.  4  Sample value low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
127/2  220  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
127/2  221  Refc.Temp.  4  Sample value high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
128/1  111  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
130/2  203  Bottle      2  Bottle ran out of water after 018/016. Tritium, nutrients and 
                           salinity not sampled.
130/2  218  Bottle      3  Spigot disk came off. Spigot pushed into niskin bottle. Bottle 
                           out of water. N20 isotope, pH, TALK, dl5N, 018/016, tritium, 
                           nutrients, and salinity not sampled.
130/2  220  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
130/2  220  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
131/1  101  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Possible missample. Code bad.
131/1  121  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable
132/1  101  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code questionable
132/1  112  Bottle      4  Samples analysis indicate mis-trip.
132/1  112  O2          4  Sample value high vs CTD. Other parameters indicate possible 
                           mis-trip.
132/1  112  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value does not fit 
                           profile. Code bad. Parameters indicate mis-trip.
132/1  117  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Sample value does not fit 
                           profile. Code bad.
132/1  121  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
132/1  121  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
132/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
132/1  123  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
133/1  111  O2          5  Sample lost, not reported.
133/1  114  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular read vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
133/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
133/1  120  Salinity    3  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
133/1  121  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
134/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
134/1  120  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
134/1  122  Salinity    3  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2.  Code questionable.
136/2  205  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
136/2  218  Refc.Temp.  4  SBE35 irregular vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code bad.
136/2  219  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
137/1  117  Bottle      3  Leaking from valve after lanyard caught on recovery.
137/1  117  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
137/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
137/1  120  Salinity    4  Sample value low vs CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
139/1  112  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  113  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  114  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  115  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  116  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  117  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  118  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  119  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  120  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  121  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  122  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  123  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
139/1  124  Refc.Temp.  5  SBE35 data memory over written. Data lost.
140/1  119  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 low vs. CTDT1/CTDT2.  Code questionable.
141/1  120  Refc.Temp.  4  Sample value low vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad.
141/1  120  Salinity    4  Sample value high vs. CTDC1/CTDC2. Code bad. Numerous bad 
                           salinity samples reported from this rosette sample. Rosette 
                           bottle possibly leaking.
145/1  120  Refc.Temp.  3  SBE35 high vs. CTDT1/CTDT2. Code questionable








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    Laboratory, Oak Ridge,  Tenn. (1994). 

Gord94.  
    Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A suggested 
    protocol for  continuous flow automated analysis of seawater nutrients 
    (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and  silicic acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program 
    and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study.,"  WHP Operations and Methods, Manual 
    91-1, WOCE Hydrographic Program Office (Nov.  1994). 

Joha82.  
    Johansson, O. and Wedborg, M., "On the evaluation of potentiometric titrations 
    of seawater  with hydrochloric acid," Oceanologica Acta, 5, pp. 209-218 (1982). 

John92.  
    Johnson, K. M., Operator's Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic 
    Analyzer  (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection, 
    Brookhaven National  Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. (1992). 

John85.  
    Johnson, K. M., King, A. E., and Sieburth, J. McN., "Coulometric TCO2 analysis 
    for marine  studies: An introduction," Marine Chemistry, 16, pp. 61-82 (1985). 

John99.  
    Johnson, K. M., Kortzinger, A., Mintrop, L., Duinker, J. C., and Wallace, D. W. 
    R.,  "Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement 
    and internal  consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations," Marine 
    Chemistry, 67, pp.  123-44 (1999). 

John87.  
    Johnson, K. M., Williams, P. J., Brandstrom, L., and Sieburth, J. McN., 
    "Coulometric total  carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and 
    calibration.," Marine Chemistry, 21,  pp. 117-33 (1987). 

John93.  
    Johnson, K. M., Wills, K. D., Butler, D. B., Johnson, W. K., and Wong, C. S., 
    Coulometric total  carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the 
    performance of an automated  gas extraction (1993). 

Joyc94.  
    Joyce, T., ed. and Corry, C., ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme 
    Data  Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91 .' pp. 52-55, WOCE 
    Hydrographic  Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA (May 1994, Rev. 2). 

Lang10.  
    Langdon, C., "Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration 
    using the  amperometric technique," The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A 
    Collection of Expert  Reports and Guidelines, p.134 (2010). 

Mari68.  
    Marinenko, G. and Taylor, J. K., "Electrochemical equivalents of benzoic and 
    oxalic acid,"  Anal. Chem., 40, pp. 1645-1651 (1968). 

Meas08.  
    Measures, C. I., Landing, W. M., Brown, M. T., and Buck, C. S., "A commercially 
    available  rosette system for trace metal-clean sampling.," Limnol. Oceanogr. 
    Methods 6, pp. 384-394  (2008). 

Meas95.  
    Measures, C. I., Yuan, J., and Resing, J., "Determination of iron in seawater by 
    flow injection  analysis using in-line preconcentration and spectrophotometric 
    detection.," Limnol.  Oceanogr. Methods 50, pp. 384-394 (1995). 

Mill93. 
    Millero, F. J., Zhang, J-Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M., "Titration alkalinity 
    of seawater," Mar. Chem., 44, pp. 153-165 (1993b). 

Pier09.     
    Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Luger, H., 
    Johannessen, 1., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., and Cosca, C. E., "Recommendations for 
    autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines.," 
    Deep-Sea Res, II, pp. 512-522 (2009). 

Prin00.  
    Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., Cunnold, D. M., 
    Alyea, F. N., O'Doherty, S., Salameh, P., Miller, B. R., Huang, J., Wang, R. H. 
    J., Hartley, D. E., Harth, C., Steele, L. P., Sturrock, G., Midgley, P. M., and 
    McCulloch, A., "A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air 
    deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE," J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 17,751-17,792 (2000). 

Resi94. 
    Resing, J. A and Measures, C. I., "Fluorometric determination of dissolved Al in 
    seawater by flow injection analysis with in-line preconcentration.," Anal. Chem. 
    66, pp. 4105-4111 (1994). 

Tay159.     
    Taylor, J. K. and Smith, S. W., "Precise coulometric titration of acids and 
    bases," J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds., 63, pp. 153-159 (1959). 

UNES81.  
    UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity Scale, 
    1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 37, p. 144 (1981). 

Wann93.  
    Wanninkhof, R. and Thoning, K., "Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water 
    using continuous and discrete sampling methods.," Mar. Chem., 44, 2-4, pp. 
    189-205 (1993). 






CCHDO Data Processing Notes


*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    33RO20130803.exc.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/10439/33RO20130803.exc.csv> #52964
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged
  



*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    33RO20130803_hy1.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/988/33RO20130803_hy1.csv> #a3996
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged
  

*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    33RO20130803hy.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/11008/33RO20130803hy.txt> #ee3e0
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged
  



*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/1637/33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip> #224ce
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged
  



*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/2326/a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt> #a07c1
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged




*File Merge CCHDO Staff

    a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/548/a16n_2013%20final_discrete_O2.csv>
    #386d8
    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Current Status:* merged


*OXYGEN, CFCs, SF6, N2O Merged Carolina Berys

    *Date:* 2015-06-15
    *Data Type:* Bottle
    *Action:* Merge
    *Note:*

    A16N 2006 33RO20130803 processing - BTL/merge - OXYGEN, CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, 
    N2O, CCL4

    2015-06-15

    C Berys

    Submission

    filename                            submitted by     date        id  
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv     Chris Langdon    2015-03-09  548
    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt David Wisegarver 2014-11-01  2326
                                                                    
                                                                    
    Merge

    a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv

    Merged a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv into 33RO20130803_hy1.csv using hydro 
    0.8.2-40-g569f4c2.

    :Updated parameters: OXYGEN, OXYGEN_FLAG_W

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt

    Merged a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt into 33RO20130803_hy1.csv using hydro 
    0.8.2-40-g569f4c2.

    :Updated parameters: CFC-11, CFC-11_FLAG_W, CFC-12, CFC-12_FLAG_W, SF6, 
    SF6_FLAG_W, N2O, N2O_FLAG_W, CCL4, CCL4_FLAG_W

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    Conversion
    ----------

    file                    converted from       software               
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 33RO20130803_hy1.zip hydro 0.8.2-40-g569f4c2
    33RO20130803hy.txt      33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.2-40-g569f4c2

    Updated Files Manifest
    ----------------------

    file                    stamp            
    -----------------------------------------
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv    20150615CCHSIOCBG
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 20150615CCHSIOCBG
    33RO20130803hy.txt 
    					



*File Submission Chris Langdon

    a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/548/a16n_2013%20final_discrete_O2.csv>
    #386d8
    *Date:* 2015-03-09
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: Ron H Brown
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: None




*As Received Carolina Berys

    *Date:* 2015-03-09
    *Data Type:*
    *Action:* Data available
    *Note:*

    The following data are now available As Received, unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/33RO20130803
    	a16n_2013 final_discrete_O2.csv	
    					



*update all CFCs/N2O data John Bullister

    *Date:* 2014-11-07
    *Data Type:* CFCs/N2O
    *Action:* Update needed
    *Note:*

    Please note that ALL of the CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6 and N2O data from A16N_2013 at 
    the CCHDO site (in the hy1.csv, .sea and NetCDF files)  should be updated with 
    the values in the a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt  (not just the CFC-11 and 
    CFC-12  data).

    My suggestion is to first set all the current CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6 and N2O values 
    in the CCHDO files to null (value=-9.0, flag =9) and then merge in the new  CFC-
    11, CFC-12, SF6 and N2O values from a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt
    					



*File Submission Robert M. Key

    33RO20130803.exc.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/10439/33RO20130803.exc.csv> #52964
    *Date:* 2014-11-06
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: Brown
    Woce Line: A16N.2013
    Note: Version with updated CFC data posted earlier today. 




*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-11-06
    *Data Type:* CFC
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    33RO20130803.exc.csv
    					



*updated CFC data Bob Key

    *Date:* 2014-11-06
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    Version with updated CFC data posted earlier today. 
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-11-06
    *Data Type:* CFC
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt
    					



*File Submission David Wisegarver

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/2326/a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_29_oct_2014.txt> #a07c1
    *Date:* 2014-11-01
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H BROWN
    Woce Line: A16
    Note: The CFC data previously sent in were on the incorrect calibration scales 
    (SIO93).  The data submitted here have been corrected to the following 
    calibration scales: CFC-11, CFC-12 and N2O are on the SIO-98 Scale.  SF6 is on 
    the SIO-05 Scale.

    All values and flags should be overwritten with the data submitted today.   
    Thank you,
    David Wisegarver




*Calib. scales corrected David Wisegarver

    *Date:* 2014-11-01
    *Data Type:* CFCs
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    The CFC data previously sent in were on the incorrect calibration scales 
    (SIO93).  The data submitted here have been corrected to the following 
    calibration scales: CFC-11, CFC-12 and N2O are on the SIO-98 Scale.  SF6 is on 
    the SIO-05 Scale.

    All values and flags should be overwritten with the data submitted today.
    					



*File Merge Carolina Berys

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/179/A16N%202013_DOC-TDN.csv> #48189
    *Date:* 2014-09-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    DOC/TDN




*File Merge cchdo_admin

    33RO20130803.exc.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/4803/33RO20130803.exc.csv> #d803d
    *Date:* 2014-09-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    BTL




*File Merge Carolina Berys

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5308/a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt>
    #f16c5
    *Date:* 2014-09-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    CFC




*File Merge Carolina Berys

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5342/ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt> #5875b
    *Date:* 2014-09-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    CDOM




*CDOM, DOC, TDN, CFCs merged and online in Exchange, netCDF, and WOCE formats.  
 Carolina Berys

    *Date:* 2014-09-23
    *Data Type:* CDOM_DOC-TDN_CFC
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    
    ===============================================================================================
    A16N 2013 33RO20130803 processing - BTL/merge - CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, N2O, CCl4, CDOMs, DOC, TDN
    ===============================================================================================

    2014-09-23

    C Berys

    .. contents:: :depth: 2

    Submission
    ==========

    ================================== ============== ========== ========= ====
    filename                           submitted by   date       data type id  
    ================================== ============== ========== ========= ====
    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt        Norm Nelson    2014-07-02 CDOM      1185
    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv              Alex Kozyr     2014-07-17 DOC/TDN   1187
    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt John Bullister 2014-08-01 CFC       1195
    33RO20130803.exc.csv               Roxanne Lee    2014-08-04 BTL       1198
    ================================== ============== ========== ========= ====

    Parameters
    ----------

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS
    - CDOM325 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM340 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM380 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM412 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM443 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM490 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOM555 [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOMSL [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CDOMSN [1]_ [3]_ [4]_

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS [4]_
    - DOC [1]_ [4]_
    - TDN [1]_ [3]_ [4]_

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS
    - CFC-11 [1]_ [4]_
    - CFC-12 [1]_ [4]_
    - SF6 [1]_ [4]_
    - N2O [1]_ [3]_ [4]_
    - CCL4 [1]_ [4]_

    33RO20130803.exc.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    - CTDPRS
    - CTDTMP
    - CTDSAL [1]_
    - SALNTY [1]_
    - CTDOXY [1]_
    - OXYGEN [1]_
    - SILCAT [1]_
    - NITRAT [1]_
    - NITRIT [1]_
    - PHSPHT [1]_
    - CFC-11 [1]_
    - CFC-12 [1]_
    - SF6 [1]_
    - TCARBN [1]_
    - ALKALI [1]_
    - PCO2 [1]_
    - PCO2TMP
    - PH_SWS [1]_
    - PH_TMP
    - DOC [1]_
    - TDN [1]_ [3]_
    - N2O [1]_ [3]_

    .. [1] parameter has quality flag column
    .. [2] parameter only has fill values/no reported measured data
    .. [3] not in WOCE bottle file
    .. [4] merged, see merge_

    Process
    =======

    Changes
    -------

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - data with flag 5 changed to fill value at the following (station, cast, bottle):

      - 71, 1, 1
      - 101, 1, 5
      - 107, 1, 18
      - 114, 1, 21
      - 129, 1, 21
      - 145, 1, 13

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - station 109, cast 2, bottle 24 DOC and TDN changed to fill value

    33RO20130803.exc.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - station 17, cast 1, bottle 8 ALKALI flag changed from 5 to 3

    .. _merge:

    Merge
    -----
    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged by Bob Key.

    :New parameters: CFC-11, CFC-11_FLAG_W, CFC-12, CFC-12_FLAG_W, CCL4, 
     CCL4_FLAG_W, SF6, SF6_FLAG_W, N2O_FLAG_W

    Merged a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt into 33RO20130803.exc.csv using hydro 
    0.8.2-40-g569f4c2.

    :New parameters: N2O

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt into 33RO20130803.exc.csv using hydro 0.8.2-
    40-g569f4c2.

    :New parameters: CDOM325 CDOM325_FLAG_W CDOM340 CDOM340_FLAG_W CDOM380 
    CDOM380_FLAG_W CDOM412 CDOM412_FLAG_W CDOM443 CDOM443_FLAG_W CDOM490 
    CDOM490_FLAG_W CDOM555 CDOM555_FLAG_W CDOMSL CDOMSL_FLAG_W CDOMSN CDOMSN_FLAG_W

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv into 33RO20130803.exc.csv using hydro 0.8.2-40-
    g569f4c2.

    :New parameters: TDN, TDN_FLAG_W, DOC, DOC_FLAG_W

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.


    Conversion
    ----------

    ======================= ==================== =======================
    file                    converted from       software               
    ======================= ==================== =======================
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 33RO20130803_hy1.zip hydro 0.8.2-40-g569f4c2
    33RO20130803hy.txt      33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.2-40-g569f4c2
    ======================= ==================== =======================

    All converted files opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    Directories
    ===========
    :working directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803/original/2014.09.23_CDOM_DOC-
      TDN_CFC_CBG
    :cruise directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803

    Updated Files Manifest
    ======================
    ======================= =================
    file                    stamp            
    ======================= =================
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv    20140923CCHSIOCBG
    33RO20130803hy.txt                       
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 20140923CCHSIOCBG
    ======================= =================
    					



*File Submission Roxanne

    33RO20130803.exc.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/4803/33RO20130803.exc.csv> #d803d
    *Date:* 2014-08-04
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Emailed Exchange format file from Bob on 8/4/2014:

    Attached is an Exchange format file that has:
    1. John's recently submitted CFC, SF6 and N20 data (I did not include a CCL4 
       column since there were no values reported. This is better done in the header 
       (opinion).
    2. The final DOC and TDN
    3. final tco2, pco2, alk and pH
    4. Nuts with corrected units




*File Submission Roxanne

    33RO20130803.exc.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/4803/33RO20130803.exc.csv> #d803d
    *Date:* 2014-08-04
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: Emailed Exchange format file from Bob on 8/4/2014:

    Attached is an Exchange format file that has:
    1. John‚àö¢¨√Ѩ√¥s recently submitted CFC, SF6 and N20 data (I did not include a 
       CCL4 column since there were no values reported. This is better done in the 
       header (opinion).
    2. The final DOC and TDN
    3. final tco2, pco2, alk and pH
    4. Nuts with corrected units




*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-08-04
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    33RO20130803.exc.csv
    					



*updated and final data, see note Bob Key

    *Date:* 2014-08-04
    *Data Type:* CFCs/SF6/N2O/pH/ALK
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    Attached is an Exchange format file that has:
    1. John's recently submitted CFC, SF6 and N20 data (I did not include a CCL4 
       column since there were no values reported. This is better done in the header 
       (opinion). 
    2. The final DOC and TDN
    3. The final tco2, pco2, alk and pH.
    4. Nuts with corrected units

    I started with the most recent version of the file from CCHDO. I did a quick QC 
    on all parameters. No flag changes.
    This file supercedes my 7/31 submission. I did not merge CDOM. I have not yet 
    created a "nice" header.

    CORRECTIOIN: The Alk and pH are final (from Alex?s 6/20 submission.
    					



*File Submission John Bullister

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5308/a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt>
    #f16c5
    *Date:* 2014-08-01
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Original shipboard data have been re-calibrated and reflagged.
    Please delete all existing CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, N2O, CCl4 values (and flags) in 
    CCHDO files and replace with those in the attached file. 




*File Submission John Bullister

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5308/a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt>
    #f16c5
    *Date:* 2014-08-01
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown
    Woce Line: A16N_2013
    Note: Original shipboard data have been re-calibrated and reflagged.
    Please delete all existing CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, N2O, CCl4 values (and flags) in 
    CCHDO files and replace with those in the attached file.  Thanks, John




*to replace all data online Bob Key

    *Date:* 2014-08-01
    *Data Type:* CFCs/SF6/N2O
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    Original shipboard data have been re-calibrated and reflagged.
    Please delete all existing CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, N2O, CCl4 values (and flags) in 
    CCHDO files and replace with those in the attached file.
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-08-01
    *Data Type:* CFC
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_2013_cfc_cchdo_1_aug_2014.txt
    					



*to go online Bob Key

    *Date:* 2014-07-31
    *Data Type:* NUTs/DOC/TDN
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    I replaced nuts with the new values (in umol/kg) supplied by Eric Wisegarver
    I merged the DOC/TDN data and flags
    					



*converted from uM to umol/kg Eric Wisegarver

    *Date:* 2014-07-30
    *Data Type:* NUTs
    *Action:* Submitted


*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-07-28
    *Data Type:* DOC/TDN
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv
    					



*File Submission Alex Kozyr

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/179/A16N%202013_DOC-TDN.csv> #48189
    *Date:* 2014-07-17
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    The final DOC and TDN data submitted to CDIAC by Dennis Hansell on 2014/07/17




*File Submission Alex Kozyr

    A16N 2013_DOC-TDN.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/179/A16N%202013_DOC-TDN.csv> #48189
    *Date:* 2014-07-17
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N_2013
    Note: The final DOC and TDN data submitted to CDIAC by Dennis Hansell on 
    2014/07/17.




*Final data to go online Alex Kozyr

    *Date:* 2014-07-17
    *Data Type:* DOC/TDN
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    The final DOC and TDN data submitted to CDIAC by Dennis Hansell on 2014/07/17.
    					



*File Merge Carolina Berys

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv (download)
    
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/3521/33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv>
    #1ec09
    *Date:* 2014-07-07
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    TCARBN/ALKALI/PH/PCO2




*Bottle update: TCARBN, ALKALI, PH, PCO2 Carolina Berys

    *Date:* 2014-07-07
    *Data Type:* TCARBN-ALKALI-PH-PCO2
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    ==================================================================
    33RO20130803 processing - BTL/merge - TCARBN, ALKALI, PCO2, PH_SWS
    ==================================================================

    2014-07-07

    C Berys

    .. contents:: :depth: 2

    Submission
    ==========

    ================================================ ============ ========== ===================== ====
    filename                                         submitted by date       data type             id  
    ================================================ ============ ========== ===================== ====
    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv Alex Kozyr   2014-06-20 TCARBN/ALKALI/PH/PCO2 1184
    ================================================ ============ ========== ===================== ====

    Parameters
    ----------

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS
    - TCARBN [1]_ [4]_
    - ALKALI [1]_ [4]_
    - PCO2 [1]_ [4]_
    - PCO2TMP [4]_
    - PH_SWS [1]_ [4]_
    - PH_TMP [4]_

    .. [1] parameter has quality flag column
    .. [2] parameter only has fill values/no reported measured data
    .. [3] not in WOCE bottle file
    .. [4] merged, see merge_

    Process
    =======

    Changes
    -------

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - none

    .. _merge:

    Merge
    -----

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged 33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv into 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv using hydro 0.8.1.

    :Updated parameters: TCARBN, TCARBN_FLAG_W, ALKALI, ALKALI_FLAG_W, PCO2, 
    PCO2_FLAG_W, PCO2TMP PH_SWS, PH_SWS_FLAG_W, PH_TMP

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.


    Conversion
    ----------

    ======================= ==================== ===========
    file                    converted from       software   
    ======================= ==================== ===========
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.1
    33RO20130803hy.txt      33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.1
    ======================= ==================== ===========

    All converted files opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    Directories
    ===========
    :working directory:
     /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803/original/2014.07.07_TCARBN-
      ALKALI-PH-PCO2_CBG
    :cruise directory:
     /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803

    Updated Files Manifest
    ======================
    ======================= =================
    file                    stamp            
    ======================= =================
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv    20140702SIOCCHCBG
    33RO20130803hy.txt                       
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 20140702SIOCCHCBG
    ======================= =================
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-07-07
    *Data Type:* CDOM
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt
    					



*File Submission Norm Nelson

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5342/ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt> #5875b
    *Date:* 2014-07-02
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    CDOM




*File Submission Norm Nelson

    ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5342/ucsb_cdom_a16n_20140702.txt> #5875b
    *Date:* 2014-07-02
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: Brown
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: None




*PDF version online Jerry Kappa

    *Date:* 2014-06-26
    *Data Type:* CrsRpt
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    I've placed a new PDF version of the cruise report:  33RO20130803do.pdf
    into the directory:  
      http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803/

    It includes all the reports provided by the cruise PIs, summary pages and CCHDO 
    data processing notes, as well as a linked Table of Contents and links to 
    figures, tables and appendices.
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-06-23
    *Data Type:* TCARBN/ALKALI/PH/PCO2
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv
    					



*File Submission Alex Kozyr

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/3521/33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv>
    #1ec09
    *Date:* 2014-06-20
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    The final TCARBN and PCO2 data from R. Wanninkhof, ALKALI and PH_SWS from F. 
    Millero. Bob Key and Alex Kozyr performed additional QC, some flags have been 
    changed. 




*File Submission Alex Kozyr

    33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/3521/33RO20130803_TCARBN_ALKALI_PH_PCO2_final_hy1.csv>
    #1ec09
    *Date:* 2014-06-20
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N_2013
    Note: The final TCARBN and PCO2 data from R. Wanninkhof, ALKALI and PH_SWS from 
    F. Millero. Bob Key and Alex Kozyr performed additional QC, some flags have been 
    changed. 




*final data to go online Alex Kozyr

    *Date:* 2014-06-20
    *Data Type:* TCO2/ALK/pH/pCO2
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    The final TCARBN and PCO2 data from R. Wanninkhof, ALKALI and PH_SWS from F. 
    Millero. Bob Key and Alex Kozyr performed additional QC, some flags have been 
    changed. 
    					



*Updated Robert Castle

    *Date:* 2014-06-19
    *Data Type:* pCO2_TCO2
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    Updated flags and values for discrete pCO2 and TCO2.
    					



*Received and sent to CDIAC for processing CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-06-19
    *Data Type:* PCO2/TCARBN
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    Data will be resubmitted and made available after processing.

    The following files were sent to CDIAC:

    TCO2_pCO2_update.doc
    a16n-20140619_pCO2_TCO2_FinalQC.csv
    					



*Maps created Rox Lee

    *Date:* 2014-06-17
    *Data Type:* maps
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    ==============================
    33RO20130803 processing - Maps
    ==============================

    2014-06-17

    R Lee

    .. contents:: :depth: 2

    Process
    =======


    Changes
    -------
    - Maps created from 33RO20130803_hy1.csv

    Directories
    ===========
    :working directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803/original/2014.06.17_maps_RJL
    :cruise directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803

    Updated Files Manifest
    ======================
    ==================== =====
    file                 stamp
    ==================== =====
    33RO20130803_trk.jpg      
    33RO20130803_trk.gif      
    ==================== =====
    					



*Updated quality flags will be submitted by CDIAC Alex Kozyr

    *Date:* 2014-06-03
    *Data Type:* PH/ALKALI
    *Action:* Update pending
    *Note:*

    Some problems in the data were discovered by Bob Key. Data not available until 
    data quality determined and flags are assigned. Update will come from Alex Kozyr 
    at CDIAC.
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-06-02
    *Data Type:* PH/ALKALI
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    A16N TA Submit.xlsx
    A16N pH Submit.xlsx
    					



*to go online Frank Millero

    *Date:* 2014-05-28
    *Data Type:* pH/TALK
    *Action:* Submitted


*File Merge Carolina Berys

    a16n_final.sea (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/258/a16n_final.sea> #94441
    *Date:* 2014-05-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    CTDO




*File Merge Carolina Berys

    33RO20130803su.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/875/33RO20130803su.txt> #71891
    *Date:* 2014-05-23
    *Current Status:* dataset
    *Notes*

    SUM




*File Merge Carolina Berys

    a16n_final_ct1.zip (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/2460/a16n_final_ct1.zip> #29930
    *Date:* 2014-05-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    CTD




*File Merge Carolina Berys

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5338/A16N%20Nutrient%20Data_131217_NoTM.txt>
    #58af5
    *Date:* 2014-05-23
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    BTL/NUTS




*Exchange, netCDF, and WOCE files online. SUM, CTD, and
            bottle with nutrient and CTDO updates Carolina Berys

    *Date:* 2014-05-23
    *Data Type:* BTL-NUTS-CTDO-CTD
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    ====================================================================================
    A16N 2013 33RO20130803 processing - SUM/CTD/BTL/merge - CTDPRS, CTDTMP, CTDSAL, 
    CTDOXY, SALNTY, CTDRAW, THETA, SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT, PHSPHT, NUT_TMP
    ====================================================================================

    2014-05-23

    C Berys

    .. contents:: :depth: 2

    Submission
    ==========

    ================================== ================ ========== ========= ====
    filename                           submitted by     date       data type id  
    ================================== ================ ========== ========= ====
    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt Eric Wisegarver  2013-12-17 BTL/NUTS  1118
    a16n_final.sea                     Kristy McTaggart 2014-04-10 CTDO      1156
    a16n_final_ct1.zip                 Kristy McTaggart 2014-04-10 CTD       1155
    a16n.sum                           Alex Quintero    2014-05-13 SUM       1167
    a16n_hy1.csv                       Alex Quintero    2014-05-14 BTL       1169
    ================================== ================ ========== ========= ====

    Parameters
    ----------

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - SILCAT [1]_ [4]_
    - NITRAT [1]_ [4]_
    - NITRIT [1]_ [4]_
    - PHSPHT [1]_ [4]_
    - NUT_TMP [3]_ [4]_

    a16n_final.sea
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS [4]_
    - CTDTMP [4]_
    - CTDSAL [1]_ [4]_
    - SALNTY [1]_ [4]_
    - CTDOXY [1]_ [4]_
    - CTDRAW [3]_ [4]_
    - THETA [3]_ [4]_

    a16n_final_ct1.zip
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS
    - CTDTMP
    - CTDSAL [1]_
    - SALNTY [1]_
    - CTDOXY [1]_
    - CTDRAW [3]_
    - THETA [3]_

    a16n_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - CTDPRS [4]_
    - CTDTMP [4]_
    - CTDSAL [1]_ [4]_
    - SALNTY [1]_ [4]_
    - CTDOXY [1]_ [4]_
    - OXYGEN [1]_
    - SILCAT [1]_ [4]_
    - NITRAT [1]_ [4]_
    - NITRIT [1]_ [4]_
    - PHSPHT [1]_ [4]_
    - CFC-11 [1]_
    - CFC-12 [1]_
    - SF6 [1]_
    - TCARBN [1]_
    - ALKALI [1]_
    - PH_SWS [1]_
    - TRITUM [1]_ [2]_
    - HELIUM [1]_ [2]_
    - DELC13 [1]_ [2]_
    - DELC14 [1]_ [2]_
    - CCL4 [1]_ [2]_
    - POC [1]_ [2]_
    - DOC [1]_ [2]_
    - TDN [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - N2O [1]_ [3]_
    - SALTREF [1]_ [3]_
    - CF3SF5 [1]_ [3]_
    - PCO2 [1]_
    - PCO2TMP
    - DELN15_N2O [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - SPN2O [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - DELO18_N2O [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - PH_TMP
    - 14C_DOC [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - BLACKC [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - DEL15N_NO3 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - DEL18O_NO3 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - O18/O16-LDEO [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - O18/O16-TAMU [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@325 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@340 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@380 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@412 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@443 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@490 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM_ABS@555 [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - CDOM [1]_ [2]_ [3]_
    - REFTMP [1]_ [3]_
    - SIGMA-THETA [3]_
    - SIGMA-1 [3]_
    - SIGMA-2 [3]_
    - SIGMA-3 [3]_
    - SIGMA-4 [3]_

    .. [1] parameter has quality flag column
    .. [2] parameter only has fill values/no reported measured data
    .. [3] not in WOCE bottle file
    .. [4] merged, see merge_

    Process
    =======

    Changes
    -------

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    a16n_final.sea
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - SALNTY changed from -9.0000 to -999.0000 where flagged 9

    a16n_final_ct1.zip
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - added comma at the end of units line for stations 126-145

    a16n.sum
    ~~~~~~~~
    a16n_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
    - REFTMP changed from -9.0000 to -999.0000 where flagged 5
    - CTDPRS units changed from "DBARS" to "DBAR"
    - PCO2 units changed from "UATM@T" to "UATM"
    - PCO2TMP units changed from "DEG_C" to "DEG C"
    - TCO2 changed to TCARBN
    - PH_TMP units changed from "DEG_C" to "DEG C"
    - SIGMA-THETA changed to SIG0, units changed from "" to "KG/M^3"
    - PH_SWS changed from nan to -999.0000
    - O18/O16-LDEO and O18/O16-TAMU changed to DELO18-LDEO and DELO18-TAMU (NOTE: 
      these are not recognized parameters and the columns do not contain data)
    - NOTE: several unrecognized parameters, all are empty except theta columns

    .. _merge:

    Merge
    -----

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt into 33RO20130803_hy1.csv using hydro 
    0.8.0-117-g2f13399.

    :New parameters: SILCAT, SILCAT_FLAG_W, NITRAT, NITRAT_FLAG_W, NITRIT, 
     NITRIT_FLAG_W, PHSPHT, PHSPHT_FLAG_W, NUT_TMP

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    a16n_final.sea
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Merged a16n_final.sea into 33RO20130803_hy1.csv using hydro 0.8.0-117-g2f13399.

    :New parameters: CTDPRS, CTDTMP, CTDSAL, CTDSAL_FLAG_W, CTDOXY, CTDOXY_FLAG_W, 
     SALNTY, SALNTY_FLAG_W, CTDRAW, THETA

    All comment lines from original file copied back in following merge. 
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    a16n_final_ct1.zip
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    a16n.sum
    ~~~~~~~~
    a16n_hy1.csv
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Conversion
    ----------

    ======================= ==================== ========================
    file                    converted from       software                
    ======================= ==================== ========================
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.0-117-g2f13399
    33RO20130803hy.txt      33RO20130803_hy1.csv hydro 0.8.0-117-g2f13399
    33RO20130803_nc_ctd.zip 33RO20130803_ct1.csv hydro 0.8.0-117-g2f13399
    ======================= ==================== ========================

    All converted files opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

    Directories
    ===========
    :working directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803/original/2014.05.23_BTL-NUTS-
       CTDO-CTD_CBG
    :cruise directory:
      /data/co2clivar/atlantic/a16/a16n_33RO20130803

    Updated Files Manifest
    ======================
    ======================= ===================
    file                    stamp              
    ======================= ===================
    33RO20130803_hy1.csv    20140522SIOCCHCBG  
    33RO20130803_nc_hyd.zip 20140522SIOCCHCBG  
    33RO20130803_ct1.zip    20140410PMELNOAAKEM
    33RO20130803hy.txt                         
    33RO20130803su.txt                         
    33RO20130803_nc_ctd.zip 20140410PMELNOAAKEM
    ======================= ===================
    					



*Corrected format.; to go online Alex Quintero

    *Date:* 2014-05-14
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Submitted


*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-05-14
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_hy1.csv
    					



*File Submission Carolina for Alex Quintero

    33RO20130803su.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/875/33RO20130803su.txt> #71891
    *Date:* 2014-05-13
    *Current Status:* dataset
    *Notes*

    SUM file




*File Submission Carolina for Alex Quintero

    33RO20130803su.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/875/33RO20130803su.txt> #71891
    *Date:* 2014-05-13
    *Current Status:* dataset
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: SUM file from Alex Quintero submitted via email on 2014-05-12




*to go online Alex Quintero

    *Date:* 2014-05-13
    *Data Type:* SUM
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    SUM file from Alex Quintero submitted via email on 2014-05-12
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-05-13
    *Data Type:* SUM
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n.sum
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-05-12
    *Data Type:* CTD
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_final_ct1.zip
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-05-12
    *Data Type:* CTDO
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_final.sea
    					



*File Submission Kristy McTaggart

    a16n_final.sea (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/258/a16n_final.sea> #94441
    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    These final CTDO and bottle salinity data are in .SEA format and should be 
    merged into the a16n_hy1.csv file.




*File Submission Kristy McTaggart

    a16n_final.sea (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/258/a16n_final.sea> #94441
    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: These final CTDO and bottle salinity data are in .SEA format and should be 
    merged into the a16n_hy1.csv file.




*File Submission Kristy McTaggart

    a16n_final_ct1.zip (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/2460/a16n_final_ct1.zip> #29930
    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    These CTD profiles should replace the ones submitted on 4/9/14. 




*File Submission Kristy McTaggart

    a16n_final_ct1.zip (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/2460/a16n_final_ct1.zip> #29930
    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: RONALD H. BROWN
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: These CTD profiles should replace the ones submitted yesterday, 4/9/14.  
    These data files have been properly formatted.  




*Final data to go online Kristy McTaggart

    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    These final CTDO and bottle salinity data are in .SEA format and should be 
    merged into the a16n_hy1.csv file.
    					



*revised data set, to go online Kristy McTaggart

    *Date:* 2014-04-10
    *Data Type:* CTD
    *Action:* re-Submitted
    *Note:*

    These CTD profiles should replace the ones submitted yesterday, 4/9/14.  These 
    data files have been properly formatted.  
    					



*final data, to go online Kristy McTaggart

    *Date:* 2014-04-08
    *Data Type:* CTDOXY
    *Action:* Submitted
    *Note:*

    These are final CTDO profile data.  Documentation for these data will be 
    included in the Chief Scientist's copy of the cruise report to be submitted at a 
    later date.
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-04-08
    *Data Type:* CTD
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_final_ct1.zip
    					



*to be submitted in 2-3 wks Kristy McTaggart

    *Date:* 2014-03-18
    *Data Type:* CTD
    *Action:* status update
    *Note:*

    The final CTD/O2 data from A16N will be submitted within the next couple of 
    weeks.
    					



*Preliminary Courtney Schatzman

    *Date:* 2014-03-17
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* status update
    *Note:*

    Bottle data are preliminary until CTD data have been finalized.
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2014-01-03
    *Data Type:* BTL/NUTS
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt
    					



*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2013-12-19
    *Data Type:* FE/AL/MN/HG_SPEC/METHYLHG/PMB_CU_ISO/PTEROPOD/TSM_FILTERED
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    131210_Post_Cruise_A16N.csv
    					



*File Submission Eric Wisegarver

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5338/A16N%20Nutrient%20Data_131217_NoTM.txt>
    #58af5
    *Date:* 2013-12-17
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Nutrient data




*File Submission Eric Wisegarver

    A16N Nutrient Data_131217_NoTM.txt (download)
    <http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/5338/A16N%20Nutrient%20Data_131217_NoTM.txt>
    #58af5
    *Date:* 2013-12-17
    *Current Status:* merged
    *Notes*

    Expocode: 33RO20130803
    Ship: Ronald H. Brown
    Woce Line: A16N
    Note: None




*to go online Eric Wisegarver

    *Date:* 2013-12-17
    *Data Type:* NUTs
    *Action:* Submitted


*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2013-12-16
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_hy1.csv
    					



*Updated bottle quality codes and headers. Courtney Schatzman

    *Date:* 2013-11-26
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Submitted


*Available under 'Files as received' CCHDO Staff

    *Date:* 2013-10-15
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Website Update
    *Note:*

    The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', 
    unprocessed by the CCHDO.

    a16n_hy1.csv
    					



*to go online Courtney Schatzman

    *Date:* 2013-10-14
    *Data Type:* BTL
    *Action:* Submitted