GP4-05-KA NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA Kwajalein, Marshall Islands - Honolulu, HI July 15 - August 12, 2005 Chief Scientist: Ben Moore Survey Department: ST Shawn Gendron, ST Elaine Stuart (in training) CTD Personnel: ST Shawn Gendron, ST Elaine Stuart Final Processing: K. McTaggart ACQUISITION: Fifty CTD profiles were collected at 50 stations during this cruise. Twenty-three profiles were collected from 8N to 8S along 165E, and 27 profiles were collected from 8S to 8N along 180 and along the northern trackline to 12N. The majority of casts were to 1000m. Six casts were deep (>3700m) and none were shallow. PMC's Sea-Bird 9plus CTD s/n 09P13807-0439 (pressure s/n 59788) was used for all casts during this cruise, along with primary temp sensor s/n 1710 and primary cond sensors s/n 524, and secondary temp sensor s/n 4211 and secondary cond sensor s/n 1467. The CTD was mounted in the TAO spare custom 24-bottle frame with TAO SBE carousel pylon s/n 54. The CTD data stream was passed through TAO 11plus deck unit s/n 376 with factory settings. Digitized data were sent to a new Dell personal computer using Windows XP OS equipped with SBE's SEASOFT Windows acquisition software. Calibrated data were displayed in fixed listing and graphical form in real-time, as well as stored in raw form onto hard disk. Backups of the raw data were made on a Sony thumb drive and DVD. DVDs were returned to PMEL for post-cruise processing. SALINITY SAMPLES: No duplicate samples were taken this cruise. Salinity analysis was performed using Guildline Autosal 8400B salinometer s/n 61.667, Ocean Scientific ACI2000, and IAPSO standard seawater batch #P143 dated February 2003. The bath temperature was set to 24 degrees Celsius. Only 8 samples are collected per cast, and no samples are collected from the half-degree stations between 3N-3S. Raw data were archived along with CTD data on CD. At PMEL, ACI2000 .dat files were ammended in Excel such that only 1 header line, 1 standard correction line, and 3 salinity lines per sample were included in the file. Corrected salinity values were fixed to 4 decimal places and the file overwritten in the NT folder as a space delimited file. No samples were collected on cast 0041 at 5N, 165E owing to misplaced lanyards. CONDUCTIVITY CALIBRATION: GP405S.CAL of primary sensor data (te 1710, co 524) was created at PMEL and used to calibrate all stations 1-50. Final pressure and temperature calibrations were pre-cruise. A viscous heating correction of -0.0006 C was applied to the temperature sensor. The drift correction for s/n 1710 was zero. The best results were from an overall fit determined by CALCOP4: number of points used 254 total number of points 289 % of points used in fit 87.89 fit standard deviation 0.002974 fit bias -0.01552903 fit co pressure fudge -3.5904321e-007 min fit slope 1.000546 max fit slope 1.0007905 Slope and bias correction values were applied to CTD burst data using CALMSTR. Calibrated data were converted into NetCDF format using CLB_EPS on PC Pacific. Final calibrations were applied to profile data and converted into NetCDF format using CNV_EPS1. PROCESSING: The following are the standard SEASOFT processing modules used to reduce Sea-Bird CTD data: DATCNV converts raw data to engineering units and creates a bottle file if a Sea-Bird rosette sampler was used. Both down and up casts are processed. ROSSUM averages the bottle data specified in the DATCNV output and derives salinity, theta, and sigma-theta. Bottle data are used to calibrate the CTD and O2 sensor post-cruise. WILDEDIT makes two passes through the data in 100 scan bins. The first pass flags points greater than 2 standard deviations; the seond pass removes points greater than 20 standard deviations from the mean with the flagged points excluded. Data were kept within 100 of the mean (i.e. all data). FILTER applies a low pass filter to pressure with a time constant of 0.15 seconds. In order to produce zero phase (no time shift) the filter is first run forward through the file and then run backwards through the file. CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects from the measured conductivity. In areas with steep temperature gradients the thermal mass correction is on the order of 0.005 psu. In other areas the correction is negligible. The value used for the thermal anomaly amplitude (alpha) is 0.03. The value used for the thermal anomaly time constant (1/beta) is 7.0. LOOPEDIT removes scans associated with pressure slowdowns and reversals. If the CTD velocity is less than 0.25 m/s or the pressure is not greater than the previous maximum scan, the scan is omitted. BINAVG averages the data into 1 db bins. Each bin is centered around a whole pressure value, e.g. the 1 db bin averages scans where pressure is between 0.5 db and 1.5 db. There is no surface bin. DERIVE uses 1 db averaged pressure, temperature, and conductivity to compute salinity, theta, sigma-theta, and dynamic height. TRANS converts the data file from binary to ASCII format. Program CNV_EPS1 applies post-cruise temperature corrections and conductivity calibration coefficients, as well as any offset to salinity, recomputes the derived variables in DERIVE, and converts the ASCII data files to netCDF format. CNV_EPS1 skips bad records near the surface (typically the top 3 m) as well as any records containing -9.990e-29, and copies back raw data to the surface (0 db) within 10 db. Because the SBE module LOOPEDIT does not handle package slowdowns and reversals well in the thermocline where gradients are large, CNV_EPS1 removes raw data records where a sigma-theta inversion is greater than -0.01 kg/m3. Data are linearly interpolated such that a record exists for every 1 db. When data are copied back to the surface, the WOCE quality word is '888'; when interpolated over greater than 2 db, the WOCE quality word is '666'. The WOCE quality word consists of a 1-digit flag for pressure, temperature (ITS-90), and salinity. Nine bottles were flagged bad: station 1 sample 102, 14 105, 22 102, 28 102, 33 101, 39 101, 45 104, and station 46 samples 101 and 103. Final CTD and bottle files were moved to /home/plover/insitu2/DATA/hayes /gp405/ctd/ and /bot and included in the MySQL data management tables on September 13, 2005.