TO VIEW PROPERLY YOU MAY NEED TO SET YOUR BROWSER'S CHARACTER ENCODING TO UNICODE 8 OR 16 AND USE YOUR BACK BUTTON TO RE-LOAD A. CRUISE REPORT: P03 (updated JAN 2009) A.1. HIGHLIGHTS WHP CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION Section designation P03 Expedition designation (EXPOCODE) PO3E (Leg.1): 49NZ20051031 P03C (Leg.2): 49NZ20051127 P03W (Leg.3): 49NZ20060120 Chief Scientists & affiliations PO3E (Leg.1): Takeshi Kawano, JAMSTEC* P03C (Leg.2): Akihiko Murata, JAMSTEC* Ikuo Kaneko, JAMSTEC* P03W (Leg.3): Shuichi Watanabe, JAMSTEC* Dates 2005 OCT 31 - 2006 JAN 30 Ship R/V MIRAI Ports of call San Diego, U.S.A. to Honolulu, U.S.A. to Okinawa, Sekinehama Number of stations 237 12°43.32'N Geographic boundaries of the stations 124°59.27'E 117°19.84'W 32°16.29'N Floats and drifters deployed 1 Floats, 0 Drifters Moorings deployed or recovered 0 Deployed, 5 recovered Takeshi Kawano * E-mail: kawanot@jamstec.go.jp • Tel: +81-46-867-9471 Akihiko Murata • E-mail: akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program Institute of Observational Research for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-earth Science and Technology 2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka, Japan 237-0061 • Fax. +81-46-867-9455 Dr. Ikuo Kaneko • Oceanographic Research Division Meteorological Research Institute • Japan Meteorological Agency 1-1 Nagamine Tsukuba City, Ibaragi 305 • JAPAN Tel: +81-298-53-8658 • Fax: +81-298-55-1439 Email: ikuo-kaneko@met.kishou.go.jp Dr. Shuichi Watanabe • Senior Scientist Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 690 Kitasekine, Sekine, Mutsu, 035-0022, Japan Tel: +81-468-67-9500 • Fax: +81-468-67-9455 • Email: swata@jamstec.go.jp CONTENTS PREFACE M. Fukasawa (JAMSTEC) DOCUMENTS AND .SUM FILES 1. CRUISE NARRATIVE T. Kawano (JAMSTEC) 2. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS 2.1 NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY T. Matsumoto (Univ. Ryukyus) et al. 2.2 SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION K. Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) et al. 2.3 THERMOSALINOGRAPH AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS Y. Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) et al. 2.4 UNDERWAY PCO2 A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al. 2.5 ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROILER Y. Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) et al. 3. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS 3.1 CTD/O2 MEASUREMENTS H. Uchida (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.2 SALINITY T. Kawano (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.3 OXYGEN Y. Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.4 NUTRIENTS M. Aoyama (MRI) et al. 3.5 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.6 TOTAL ALKALINITY A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.7 PH A. Murata (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.8 CFCS K. Sasaki (JAMSTEC) et al. 3.9 LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER S. Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) et al. STATION SUMMARY 49MR0505_1 .sum file 49MR0505_2 .sum file 49MR0505_3 .sum file FIGURES Figure captions Station locations Bathymetry Surface wind Sea surface temperature Sea surface salinity ΔpCO2 Surface current Cross-sections Potential temperature Salinity Salinity (with SSW correction) Density (σ 0) Density (σ 4) Neutral density (γ n) Oxygen Silicate Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Dissolved inorganic carbon Total alkalinity pH CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 Velocity Difference between WOCE and the revisit Potential temperature Salinity (with SSW correction) Oxygen .sum, .sea, .wct and other data files CD-ROM on the back cover PREFACE Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program of IORGC(1) / JAMSTEC(2) selected former WHP(3) line of P3 or P3-1985 as one of four repeat long lines in accordance with the mid-term objective of the program. P3 line was occupied by US scientists with Dr. Dean Roemmich as the chief scientist in 1985 (They also occupied P1 line on the way back to the United States from Japan after P3 line cruise with Dr. Lynne Talley as the chief scientist) and was the first land-to-land line in the North Pacific along which sets of high quality hydrographic observations were carried out. The performances of P3 cruise were outstanding from various viewpoints compared to those of other historical hydrographic observations. It should be noted here that P3-1985 was the first complete zonal section in the North Pacific with a dense station distribution and high quality CTD measurements appropriate to estimate meridional ocean fluxes. Quite a few scientific results have been published. Most of these results have focused attention on the meridonal overturn structure of sea water mass and of dissolved materials fluxes induced by the overturn of sea water mass. Those scientific results have given a new viewpoint or concept toward ocean general circulation and strongly support the scientific needs of WOCE(4). Also data managing system in SIO(5), one of back offices of P3 observation, was recognized as an effective support to the global hydrography network in WOCE. In fact, the framework of data assembly center (DAC) during WOCE period and ongoing IRHCP(6) inherit a concept of data management system from SIO. If it were NOT for P3-1985, we might have to make an extraordinary effort to share and utilize hydrographic data for global climate study even now. P3 revisit was carried out during the period from October 31, 2005 to January 30, 2006 following IRHCP under CLIVAR(7) and IOCCP(8). Therefore, the objectives of this revisit are 1) to investigate interannual and long-term variations in the ocean circulation and associated net property transports and their divergences, and 2) to quantify net changes in water mass inventories and renewal rate on seasonal to decadal time series, and to explore their relationships to estimate ocean transport divergences and air-sea exchanges. Beside these comprehensive objectives which are defined by IRHCP, one more objective was added to present revisit, that is to detect and evaluate changes in heat and material inventories of LCDW(9) together with other results from mooring observation across the Wake Island Deep Passage. This objective was the very reason why our program preferred P3 to P2. Lastly, as noted before, we would heartily ask favors of all scientists to refer our data books of repeat hydrography including this issue as often as possible though those data sets can be accessed through web-sites of IORGC(10), JAMSTEC(11), IRHCP(12) and CDIAC(13),(14). No permission is required to reproduce those data books and CDs. Such references are the only proof that our repeat hydrography activity is closely connected to science and can keep our activity sustainable. On Canadian Thanksgiving Day at Yokosuka Masao Fukasawa Director- General of IORGC/JAMSTEC, Program Director of Ocean General Circulation Observational Program IORGC/JAMSTEC (1) Institute of Observational Research for Global Change (2) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (3) WOCE(4) Hydrographic Programme (4) World Ocean Circulation Experiment (5) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (6) International Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Project (7) Climate Variability and Predictability (8) International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (9) Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (10) http://www.jamstec.go.jp/iorgc/ocorp/data/post-woce.html (11) http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/index_eng.html (12) http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/index.html (13) Carbon Dioxide Analytical Center (14) http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/RepeatSections/repeat_map.html 1 CRUISE NARRATIVE 1.1 HIGHLIGHT GHPO Section Designation: P3 Expedition Designation: MR06-06 Chief Scientists and Affiliation: Leg.1: Takeshi Kawano kawanot@jamstec.go.jp Leg.2: Akihiko Murata akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Ikuo Kaneko ikuo-kaneko@jamstec.go.jp Leg.3: Shuichi Watanabe swata@jamstec.go.jp Ocean General Circulation Observational Research Program Institute of Observational Research for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka, Japan 237-0061 Fax: +81-46-867-9455 Ship: R/V MIRAI Ports of Call: San Diego (U.S.A.) - Honolulu (U.S.A.) - Okinawa - Sekinehama Cruise Dates: October 31, 2005 - January 30, 2006 Leg.1: October 31, 2005 - November 24, 2005 Leg.2: November 27, 2005 - January 17, 2006 Leg.3: January 20, 2006 - January 30, 2006 Number of Stations: 237 stations for CTD/Carousel Water Sampler (Leg.1: 78, Leg.2: 129, Leg.3: 30) Geographic boundaries: 124° 59.27' E - 117°19.84' W 12° 43.32' N - 35°16.29' N Floats and drifters deployed: One Argo float was deployed. Mooring deployed or recovered mooring: Five mooring systems in the Wake Island Deep Channel were recovered during the period from December 14 to 16, 2005. 1.2 CRUISE SUMMARY (1) Geographic boundaries MR05-05 occupied stations along about 24°N, from 117°20' W to 124°59' E. (2) Station occupied A total of 237 stations (Leg.1: 78, Leg.2: 129, Leg.3: 30) were occupied using a Sea Bird Electronics 36 bottle carousel equipped with 12-liter Niskin X water sample bottles, a SBE911plus equipped with SBE35 deep ocean standards thermometer, SBE43 oxygen sensor, AANDERAA "optode" oxygen sensor and Benthos Inc. Altimeter and RDI Monitor ADCP. Cruise track and station location are shown in Figure 1.2.1. (3) Sampling and measurements Water samples were analyzed for salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFC-11, -12, -113, total alkalinity, DIC, and pH. The sampling layers in dbar were 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, 2,000, 2,200, 2,400, 2,600, 2,800, 3,000, 3,250, 3,500, 3,750, 4,000, 4,250, 4,500, 4,750, 5,000, 5,250, 5,500, 5,750 and bottom (minus 10 m). Samples for POM, 14C, 13C, 15N, 137Cs, N2O, CH4 and Bacteria were also collected at the selected stations. The bottle depth diagram is shown in Figure 1.2.2. Underway measurements of pCO2, temperature, salinity, oxygen, surface current, bathymetry and meteorological parameters were conducted along the cruise track. (4) Floats and Drifters deployed One ARGO float was launched along the cruise track. The launched positions of the ARGO floats are listed in Table 1.2.1. TABLE 1.2.1. Launched positions of the ARGO float. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Float ARGOS Date and Time Date and Time S/N PTT ID of Reset (UTC) of Launch (UTC) Location of Launch CTD St. No. ----- ------ -------------- --------------- ------------------------ ----------- 2296 60094 7:32 Jan.,3 09:22 Jan 3 24°14.25'N, 144°12.65'E P03-291 _______________________________________________________________________________________ (5) Moorings deployed or recovered Five moorings for Wake Island passage Flux Experiment (WIFE) were recovered. Locations of the moorings are listed in Table 1.2.2. TABLE 1.2.2. Location of the moorings determined by acoustic navigation system. Locations of WM2 and WM1 could not be determined by acoustic navigation system due to leaking of the transponder. Depth of each location is derived from multi narrow beam bathymetry data obtained in this cruise. ______________________________________________________ Station Latitude Longitude Depth (m) ------- ------------ ------------- --------- WM5 16° 26.18' N 171° 33.21' E 5,477 WM4 15° 31.19' N 171° 14.69' E 5,616 WM3 14° 34.14' N 170° 55.21' E 5,680 WM2 (13° 38.45' N) (170° 34.70' E) 5,522 WM1 (12° 45.90' N) (170° 14.90' E) 5,378 ______________________________________________________ 1.3 LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND PERSON IN CHARGE ON THE SHIP The principal investigator (PI) and the person in charge responsible for major parameters measured on the cruise are listed in Table 1.3.1. TABLE 1.3.1(a). List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on the ship for Leg.1. ________________________________________________________________________ Item Principal Investigator Person in Charge on the Ship ----------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- UNDERWAY ADCP Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp Bathymetry Takeshi Matsumoto Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) (Univ. Ryukyus) tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Soichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp T-S Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takuya Shiozaki (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp pCO2 Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Minoru Kamata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp HYDROGRAPHY CTDO Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Kentaro Oyama (MWJ) huchida@jamstec.go.jp Salinity Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ) kawanot@jamstec.go.jp Oxygen Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp Nutrients Michio Aoyama (MRI) Kenichiro Sato (MWJ) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp DIC Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Minoru Kamata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Alkalinity Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Taeko Ohama (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp pH Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Taeko Ohama (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp CFCs Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC) Hideki Yamamoto (MWJ) ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp LADCP Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp 137Cs & Pu Michio Aoyama (MRI) Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp) CH4 etc. NaohiroYoshida (TITECH) Osamu Yoshida (TITEC) naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp _______________________________________________________________________ GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology MRI: Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus TABLE 1.3.1(b). List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on the ship for Leg.2. _______________________________________________________________________ Item Principal Investigator Person in Charge on the Ship ----------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- UNDERWAY ADCP Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) Shinya Okumura (GODI) yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp Bathymetry Takeshi Matsumoto Shinya Okumura (GODI) (Univ. Ryukyus) tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp T-S Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp pCO2 Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp HYDROGRAPHY CTDO Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) huchida@jamstec.go.jp Salinity Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ) kawanot@jamstec.go.jp Oxygen Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp Nutrients Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko Hamanaka (MWJ) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp DIC Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Alkalinity Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp pH Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp CFCs Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC) Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ) ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp LADCP Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp 137Cs & Pu Michio Aoyama (MRI) Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp) CH4 etc. NaohiroYoshida (TITECH) Narin Boontanon (TITECH) naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp FLOATS, DRIFTERS Argo float Nobuyuki Shikama (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) nshikama@jamstec.go.jp Mooring Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) huchida@jamstec.go.jp _______________________________________________________________________ GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology MRI: Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus TABLE 1.3.1(b). List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on the ship for Leg.2. _________________________________________________________________________ Item Principal Investigator Person in Charge on the Ship ----------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- UNDERWAY ADCP Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) Shinya Okumura (GODI) yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp Bathymetry Takeshi Matsumoto Shinya Okumura (GODI) (Univ. Ryukyus) tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp T-S Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp pCO2 Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Bacteria Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES) Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES) tamayamam@kuramae.ne.jp HYDROGRAPHY CTDO Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) huchida@jamstec.go.jp Salinity Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ) kawanot@jamstec.go.jp Oxygen Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp Nutrients Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko Hamanaka (MWJ) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp DIC Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Alkalinity Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp pH Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp CFCs Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC) Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ) ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp LADCP Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp CH4 etc. NaohiroYoshida (TITECH) Narin Boontanon (TITECH) naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp ________________________________________________________________________ GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. JAMES: Japan Macro-Engineers' Society JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology MRI: Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus TABLE 1.3.1(c). List of Principal Investigator and Person in Charge on the ship for Leg.3. _________________________________________________________________________ Item Principal Investigator Person in Charge on the Ship ----------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- UNDERWAY ADCP Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) Shinya Okumura (GODI) yoshikaway@jamstec.go.jp Bathymetry Takeshi Matsumoto Shinya Okumura (GODI) (Univ. Ryukyus) tak@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Meteorology Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp T-S Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp pCO2 Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Bacteria Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES) Masaaki Tamayama (JAMES) tamayamam@kuramae.ne.jp HYDROGRAPHY CTDO Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) huchida@jamstec.go.jp Salinity Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ) kawanot@jamstec.go.jp Oxygen Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) kumamoto@jamstec.go.jp Nutrients Michio Aoyama (MRI) Junko Hamanaka (MWJ) maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp DIC Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp Alkalinity Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp pH Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp CFCs Kenichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC) Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ) ksasaki@jamstec.go.jp LADCP Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) skouketsu@jamstec.go.jp Δ14C & δ13C Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) kumamotoy@jamstec.go.jp CH4 etc. NaohiroYoshida (TITECH) Narin Boontanon (TITECH) naoyoshi@depe.titech.ac.jp _________________________________________________________________________ GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. JAMES: Japan Macro-Engineers' Society JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology MRI: Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology Univ. Ryukyus: University of the Ryukyus 1.4 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM AND METHODS (1) Objectives of MR05-05 cruise project It is well known that the oceans play a central role in determining global climate. However, heat and material transports in the oceans and their temporal changes have not yet been sufficiently quantified. Therefore, the global climate change is not understood satisfactorily. The purposes of this research are to evaluate transports of heat and materials such as carbon and nutrients in the North Pacific and to detect their long term changes and basin-scale biogeochemical changes since the 1990s. This cruise is a reoccupation of the hydrographic section called 'WHP-P3', which was once observed by an ocean science group of USA in 1985 and later the observation data were included in the data set of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE: 1990-2002) Hydrographic Programme (WHP). We will compare physical and chemical properties along section WHP-P3 with those obtained in 1985 to detect and evaluate long term changes in the marine environment of the North Pacific. Reoccupations of the WOCE hydrographic sections are now in progress by international cooperation among ocean science communities, in the framework of CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability) as part of World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and IOCCP (International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project). Our research is planned as a contribution to these international projects supported by WMO, ICSU/SCOR, and UNESCO/IOC. The other objectives of this cruise are as follows: (1) to observe surface meteorological and hydrogical parameters as a basic data of meteorology and oceangraphy, (2) to observe sea bottom topography, gravity and magnetic fields along the cruise track for understanding the dynamics of ocean plate and accompanying geophysical activities, (3) to contribute to establishment of data base for model validation, (4) ARGO sensor calibration and its deployment in the western Pacific, (5) Calibration and recovery of mooring sensors in the Wake Island Passage. (2) Cruise Overview MR05-05 cruise was carried out during the period from October 31, 2005 to January 30, 2006. The cruise started from the coast near San Diego and sailed towards west along approximately 24°N. This line was observed in 1985 as a part of WOCE Hydrographic Programme. A total of 237 stations were observed. At each station, full-depth CTD profile and up to 36 water samples were taken and analyzed. Water samples were obtained from fixed layers with 12-liter Niskin bottles attached to 36-position SBE carousel water sampler. The layers were 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, 2,000, 2,200, 2,400, 2,600, 2,800, 3,000, 3,250, 3,500, 3,750, 4,000, 4,250, 4,500, 4,750, 5,000, 5,250, 5,500, 5,750 dbar and approximately 10 dbar above the bottom. The scientists of JAMSTEC and Meteorological Research Institute and the technicians of Marine Works Japan. LTD (MWJ) were responsible for analyzing water sample for salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, total carbon contents, alkalinity, and pH. They also contributed to sampling for total organic carbon, radiocarbon and so on. A scientist of Japan Macro-Engineers' Society joined Leg.3 of the cruise for the research on Colon Bacillus and General Bacteria. The scientists of Tokyo Institute of Technology joined the cruise for their research on chemical oceanography. A scientist from University of the Ryukyus was a principal investigator for geological parameters (topography, geo-magnetic field and gravity). The technicians of Global Ocean Development Inc. (GODI) had responsibility for a part of underway measurements such as current velocity by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) geological parameters (topography, geo-magnetic field and gravity), and meteorological parameters. One ARGO floats prepared by JAMSTEC was launched by MWJ technicians and the ship crew. (3) Cruise narrative R/V MIRAI departed San Diego (U.S.A) on October 31, 2005. She called for Honolulu (U.S.A.) on November 24, 2005 (Leg.1). She left Honolulu on November 27, 2005 for Okinawa (Japan) and arrived at Nakagusuku (Okinawa, Japan) on January 17, 2006 (Leg.2). For Leg.3, she departed from Nakagusuku on January 20, 2006 and arrived at Sekinehama on January 30, 2006. All watchstanders were drilled in the method of sample drawing before the first station. We observed 237 stations along approximately 24°N, namely WHP P3. 1.5 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED (1) Position Changed (a) Leg.1 Positions of stations 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128 were changed from 158°16.2'W, 24°15.7'N), (159°0.5'W, 24°14.5'N), (159°46.8'W, 24°28.1'N), (160°31.9'W, 24°40.2'N) and (161°15.4'W, 24°53.6'N) to (158°00'W, 25°00'N), 159°0.5'W, 25°50'N), (159°46.8'W, 25°50'N), (160°31.9'W, 24°50'N) and (161°15.4'W, 25°50'N), respectively, to avoid entering the training area of U. S. Navy. (b) Leg.2 The position of Station 155 was changed from (24°10.00'N, 167°06.40'W) to (24°08.82'N, 167°07.96'W). This is because the value of the water depth (2,006 m) at the original position recorded in the SUM file of WHP-P3 in 1985 was largely different from our value (800 m) at Station 155, whose position was accurately determined by modern GPS system. In addition to that, the original position of Station 155 was so unnaturally distributed against adjacent stations on the WHP-P3 section in 1985 that we could guess its position incorrect or inaccurate. Dr. Roemmich's (Chief scientist of WHP-P3 in 1985) reply to our enquiry on this matter is "It would seem that the ship was positioned correctly in between Stations 154 and 157, but the recorded position was erroneously taken from the dead reckoning Satnav computer". The position of Station X09 (the crossover station with WHP-P09) was changed from (24°30.2'N, 136°59.1'E) to (23°59.22'N, 136°59.60'E) because a fishery boat was operating longline fishing at the planning position when R/V MIRAI reached there on January 6, 2006. (c) Leg.3 None of the station positions was changed. However, TS3 was shifted about 0.3 nm from its planning position because a lot of fishing boats were in operation. (2) Misfiring and mistrip The carousel water sampler misfired at the following stations: Leg.1: 33, 51 and 116 Leg.2: X14, 201, 203, 217, 231, 322 and 351_2 Leg.3: None Through the bottle data QC, mistrips were detected at the following stations: Leg.1: 38 Leg.2: 185, WC2, WC5, 289, 357 and 351_2 Leg.3: 380 (3) CTD sensor replacement During Leg.2, we encountered several problems (drift, shift, noise) in CTD sensors and replaced them after the following stations: Station X14: primary and secondary conductivity sensors Station WC8: primary oxygen sensor Station 285: secondary oxygen sensor (4) Interruption of sequential occupations due to gale and bad sea condition At Station 353 above the Ryukyu Trench, the first CTD cast was hindered due to bad weather and sea conditions. Since the prolonged gale was predicted around the area, we abandoned the original plan for sequential occupations of the P3 stations from east to west, reached the west end station (Station 369), and re-started the observation from west to east toward Station 351, where sections were connected with the second CTD cast. Station 351 was occupied twice in Leg.2. The CTD observation in the East China Sea was suspended at Station 384 due to bad sea condition lasting for about half day. The observation was restarted at Station 382. TABLE 1.6.1. List of cruise participants in Leg.1. ______________________________________________________________________ Name Main tasks Affiliation ----------------- ---------------------------------- ------------- Ayako Fujii CH4, N(2)O, 15^N TITECH Go Haruta Water Sampling MWJ Hiroyuki Hayashi CTD MWJ Akihito Hirai Laser Ladar, Infrared Radiometer Chiba Univ. Tetsuya Inaba Water Sampling MWJ Yoshiko Ishikawa Carbon Items MWJ Minoru Kamata Carbon Items MWJ Takeshi Kawano Chief Scientist, Salinity IORGC/JAMSTEC Mikio Kitada Carbon Items MWJ Fujio Kobayashi Salinity MWJ Shinya Kouketsu LADCP, ADCP IORGC/JAMSTEC Katsuhisa Maeno Meteorology, Geology GODI Junji Matsushita Nutrients MWJ Takami Mori Water Sampling MWJ Norio Nagahama Meteorology, Geology GODI Yoshifumi Noiri Water Sampling MWJ Taeko Ohama Carbon Items MWJ Miwa Okino Water Sampling MWJ Kosuke Okudaira Water Sampling MWJ Kentaro Oyama CTD MWJ Satoshi Ozawa Chief Technologist, Water Sampling MWJ Kenichi Sasaki CFCs MIO/JAMSTEC Kenichiro Sato Nutrients MWJ Takayoshi Seike LADCP, DO MWJ Takuhei Siozaki DO, Thermosalinograph MWJ Ayumi Takeuchi Nutrients MWJ Tatsuya Tanaka Salinity MWJ Hiroshi Uchida Water Sampling, CTD IORGC/JAMSTEC Hiroki Ushiromura CTD MWJ Masahide Wakita CFCs MIO/JAMSTEC Keisuke Wataki DO, Thermosalinograph MWJ Hideki Yamamoto CFCs MWJ Osamu Yoshida CH4, N(2)O, 15^N TITECH Atsushi Yoshimura Water Sampling MWJ ______________________________________________________________________ Chiba Univ.: Chiba University GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology IORGC: Institute of Observational Research for Global Change MIO: Mutsu Institute for Oceanography TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology TABLE 1.6.2. List of cruise participants in Leg.2. _______________________________________________________________________ Name Main tasks Affiliation ------------------- -------------------------------- -------------- Eiji Abe Laser Radar, Infrared Radiometer Chiba Univ. Narin Boontanon CH4, N(2)O, 15^N TITECH Masanori Enoki CFCs MWJ Ami Fujiwara Water Sampling MWJ Junko Hamanaka Nutrients MWJ Yasushi Hashimoto Water Sampling MWJ Ei Hatakeyama Carbon Items MWJ Miyo Ikeda Water Sampling MWJ Yasutaka Imai Meteorology, Geology, ADCP GODI Ikuo Kaneko Chief Scientist, LADCP IORGC/JAMSTEC Mikio Kitada Carbon Items MWJ Fujio Kobayashi Salinity MWJ Misato Koide Water Sampling MWJ Hiroshi Komura Water Sampling MWJ Yuichiro Kumamoto Water Sampling, DO IORGC/JAMSTEC Kohei Miura Nutrients MWJ Takami Mori Water Sampling MWJ Masaki Moro Carbon Items MWJ Akihiko Murata Chief Scientist, Carbon Items IORGC/JAMSTEC Akinori Murata CTD, Water Sampling MWJ Kimiko Nishijima DO, Thermosalinograph MWJ Ryo Ohyama Meteorology, Geology, ADCP GODI Shinya Okumura Meteorology, Geology, ADCP GODI Asako Onda Water Sampling MWJ Satoshi Ozawa CTD, Argo Float MWJ Katsunori Sagishima CFCs MWJ Kenichi Sasaki CFCs MIO/JAMSTEC Kenichiro Sato Water Sampling MWJ Takayoshi Seike DO MWJ Fuyuki Shibata Chief Technologist, Carbon Items MWJ Naoko Takahashi Salinity MWJ Tomoyuki Takamori CTD, Water Sampling MWJ Ayumi Takeuchi Nutrients MWJ Shinsuke Toyoda CTD, Water Sampling MWJ Hiroshi Uchida LADCP, Mooring, CTD IORGC/JAMSTEC Hirokatsu Uno CTD MWJ Hiroki Ushiromura CFCs MWJ _______________________________________________________________________ Chiba Univ.: Chiba University GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology IORGC: Institute of Observational Research for Global Change MIO: Mutsu Institute for Oceanography TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology TABLE 1.6.3. List of cruise participants in Leg.3. __________________________________________________________________________ Name Main tasks Affiliation ----------------- -------------------------------------- -------------- Yukiko Aoyagi Water Sampling MWJ Narin Boontanon CH4, N(2)O, 15^N TITECH Masanori Enoki CFCs MWJ Ami Fujiwara Water Sampling MWJ Chusei Fujiwara Laser Radar, Infrared Radiometer GODI Yoko Fukuda Water Sampling MWJ Junko Hamanaka Nutrients MWJ Miyo Ikeda Water Sampling MWJ Yoshiko Ishikawa Carbon Items MWJ Minoru Kamata Chief Technologist, Carbon Items MWJ Misato Koide Water Sampling MWJ Shinya Koketsu LADCP, ADCP, Bathymetry IORGC/JAMSTEC Yuichiro Kumamoto Water Sampling, DO IORGC/JAMSTEC Hiroshi Komura Water Sampling MWJ Masaaki Maekawa Water Sampling MWJ Katsuhisa Maeno Meteorology, Geology, ADCP GODI Junji Matsushita Nutrients MWJ Hiroshi Matsunaga CTD MWJ Kohei Miura Nutrients MWJ Masaki Moro Carbon Items MWJ Kimiko Nishijima DO MWJ Tomohide Noguchi CTD, Water Sampling MWJ Taeko Ohama Carbon Items MWJ Asako Onda Water Sampling MWJ Kentaro Oyama CTD MWJ Ryo Ohyama Meteorology, Geology, ADCP GODI Takuhei Shiozaki DO MWJ Yuichi Sonoyama CFCs MWJ Naoko Takahashi Salinity MWJ Masaaki Tamayama Bacteria JAMES Tatsuya Tanaka Salinity MWJ Hiroshi Uchida Water Sampling, CTD IORGC/JAMSTEC Masahide Wakita CFCs MIO/JAMSTEC Shuichi Watanabe Chief Scientist, LADCP, Water Sampling MIO/JAMSTEC Makito Yokota CTD, Water Sampling MWJ Hideki Yamamoto CFCs MWJ __________________________________________________________________________ GODI: Global Ocean Development Inc. MWJ: Marine Works Japan. LTD JAMES: Japan Macro-Engineers' Society JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology IORGC: Institute of Observational Research for Global Change MIO: Mutsu Institute for Oceanography TITECH: Tokyo Institute of Technology 2. UNDERWAY MEASUREMENT 2.1 NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY June 28, 2007 2.1.1 Navigation (1) Personnel Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Ryo Ohyama (GODI) (2) Overview of the equipment The Ship's position was measured by navigation system, made by Sena Co. Ltd, Japan. The system has two 12-channel GPS receivers (Leica MX9400N) and two 9- channel GPS receivers (Trimble DS-4000). GPS antennas located at Navigation deck, offset to starboard and portside, respectively. We switched them to choose better state of receiving when the number of the available GPS satellites decreased or HDOP increased. The system also integrates gyro heading (Tokimec TG-6000), log speed (Furuno DS-30) and other navigation devices data on HP workstation. The workstation keeps accurate time using GPS Time server (Datum Tymserv2100) via NTP (Network Time Protocol). Navigation data was recorded as "SOJ" data every 60 seconds. (3) Data period Leg.1: 16:50, 31 October 2005 to 18:40, 24 November 2005 (UTC) Leg.2: 19:00, 27 November 2005 to 01:10, 17 January 2006 (UTC) Leg.3: 23:50, 19 January 2006 to 00:00, 30 January 2006 (UTC) 2.1.2 Bathymetry (1) Personnel Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board: Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Ryo Ohyama (GODI) (2) Overview of the equipments R/V MIRAI equipped a Multi Narrow Beam Echo Sounding system (MNBES), SEABEAM 2112.004 (SeaBeam Instruments Inc.) The main objective of MNBES survey is collecting continuous bathymetry data along ship's track to make a contribution to geological and geophysical investigations and global datasets. Data interval along ship's track was max 17 seconds at 6,000 m. To obtain accurate sound velocity profile of water column for ray-path correction of acoustic multibeam, we used Surface Sound Velocimeter (SSV) data for the surface (6.2 m) sound velocity, and the sound velocity profile of the deeper depths was calculated using temperature and salinity profiles from the nearest CTD data by the equation in Mackenzie (1981). System configuration and performance of SEABEAM 2112.004, Frequency: 12 kHz Transmit beam width: 2 degree Transmit power: 20 kW Transmit pulse length: 3 to 20 msec. Depth range: 100 to 11,000 m Beam spacing: 1 degree athwartships Swath width: 150 degree (max) 120 degree to 4,500 m 100 degree to 6,000 m 90 degree to 11,000 m Depth accuracy: Within < 0.5% of depth or +/-1m, whichever is greater, over the entire swath. (Nadir beam has greater accuracy; typically within < 0.2% of depth or +/-1m, whichever is greater) (3) Data Period Bathymetric survey was carried out along the CTD observation line during the cruise Leg.1: P03-001c on 31 Oct 2005 to P03-146 on 22 Oct. 2005 Leg.2: P03-146 on 30 Nov 2005 to P03-351 on 15 Jan 2006 Leg.3: P03-370 on 20 Jan 2006 to TS-1 on 26 Jan 2006. (4) Data processing (4.1) Editing for the navigation data Erroneous navigation data are manually removed (by using "mbnavedit" module of the mbsystem) and linearly interpolated. (4.2) Sound velocity correction The continuous bathymetry data are split into small areas around each CTD station. For each small area, the bathymetry data are corrected using a sound velocity profile calculated from the CTD data in the area. The equation of Mackenzie (1981) is used for calculating sound velocity. The data processing is carried out using "mbbath" module of the mbsystem (4.3) Gridding Gridding for the bathymetry data is carried out using the HIPS software version 5.4 (CARIS, Canada). Firstly, the bathymetry data during a turn, speed up or down are removed using swath editor and subset editor. A spike noise of each swath data is also removed. Then the bathymetry data are gridded by "Interpolate" function of the software with the following parameters. Matrix size: 5 x 5 Number of nearneighbors: 16 Reference Mackenzie, K.V. (1981): Nine-term equation for the sound speed in the oceans, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 70 (3), pp 807-812. 2.1.3 Sea surface gravity (1) Personnel Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board: Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Ryo Ohyama (GODI) (2) Introduction Marine gravity is an important parameter in geophysics and geodesy. We collected gravity data at the sea surface during the MR05-05 Leg.1 cruise from 31 Oct. 2005 to 24 Nov. 2005, Leg.2 cruise from 27 Nov. 2005 to 17 Jan. 2006, Leg.3 cruise from 20 Jan. 2006 to 30 Jan. 2006. (3) Parameters Relative Gravity [mGal] (4) Data Acquisition We have measured relative gravity using LaCoste and Romberg air-sea gravity system II (Micro-G LaCoste, Inc.) during this cruise. To convert the relative gravity to absolute one, we measured gravity, using portable gravity meter (Scintrex gravity meter CG-3M), at Honolulu and Nakagusuku and Sekinehama as reference points. (5) Preliminary Results Absolute gravity is shown in Table 2.1.3. TABLE 2.1.3. Absolute gravity table MR05-05 cruise. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Absolute Sea Gravity at Gravity Level Draft Sensor*^1 L&R*^2 No. Date UTC Port (mGal) (cm) (cm) (mGal) (mGal) --- ----------- ----- ------------- --------- ----- ----- ---------- -------- 1 2005/Oct/31 14:23 SanDiego - 240 636 - 11853.79 2 2005/Nov/25 21:59 Honolulu 978927.57 154 655 978928.10 11266.15 3 2006/Jan/19 02:41 Nakagusuku*^3 979114.12 219 610 979114.83 11456.52 4 2006/Jan/19 23:03 Nakagusuku*^3 979114.12 237 605 979114.88 11456.67 5 2006/Feb/1 00:52 Sekinehama 980371.95 286 625 980372.87 12719.15 _______________________________________________________________________________________ *1: Gravity at Sensor = Absolute Gravity + Sea Level*0.3086/100 + (Draft-530)/100*0.0431 *2: LaCoste and Romberg air-sea gravity system II *3: It was measured at June 20, 2003. (6) Data Archives Gravity data obtained during this cruise will be submitted to the JAMSTEC Data Management Division, and will be archived there. (7) Remarks 1. We did not collect data from 18 Nov. 2005 18:55UTC to 19:10UTC, due to reboot of the meter. 2. Long Accelerometer did not work properly from 31 Oct. 2005 to 18 Nov. 19:10. Therefore, Gravity, VCC and AL were not correct value. 2.1.4 On-board geomagnetic measurement (1) Personnel Takeshi Matsumoto (Univ. of the Ryukyus) Principal Investigator / Not on-board: Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Ryo Ohyama (GODI) (2) Introduction Measurement of geomagnetic field on the sea is required for the interpretation of marine magnetic anomaly caused by magnetization in the upper crust. We measured geomagnetic field using a three-component magnetometer during the MR05-05 Leg.1 cruise from 31 Oct. 2005 to 24 Nov. 2005, Leg.2 cruise from 27 Nov. 2005 to 17 Jan. 2006, and Leg.3 cruise from 20 Jan. 2006 to 30 Jan. 2006. (3) Method A shipboard three-component magnetometer system (Tierra Tecnica SFG1214) is equipped on-board R/V MIRAI. Three-axis flux-gate sensors with ring-cored coils are fixed on the fore mast. Outputs of the sensors are digitized by a 20-bit A/D converter (1 nT/LSB), and sampled at 8 times per second. Ship's heading, pitch and roll are measured utilizing a ring-laser gyro installed for controlling attitude of a Doppler radar. Ship's position (GPS) and speed data are taken from LAN every second. (4) Data Archives Magnetic field data obtained during this cruise will be submitted to the JAMSTEC Data Management Division, and will be archived there. (5) Remarks We collected the data for calibration during the following period by 'figure-eight' turn. 11 Oct. 2005 00:00 - 00:23 (Leg.1) 08 Dec. 2005 05:58 - 06:22 (Leg.2) 01 Jan. 2006 03:55 - 04:21 (Leg.2) 28 Jan. 2006 08:25 - 08:50 (Leg.3) 2.2 SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION June 15, 2007 (1) Personnel Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) Yasutaka Imai (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Ryo Ohyama (GODI) (2) Objective As a basic dataset that describes weather conditions during the cruise, surface meteorological observation was continuously conducted. (3) Methods There are two different surface meteorological observation systems on the R/V MIRAI. One is the MIRAI surface meteorological measurement station (SMET), and the other is the Shipboard Oceanographic and Atmospheric Radiation (SOAR) system. Instruments of SMET and its data used here are listed in Table 2.2.1. All SMET data were collected and processed by KOAC-7800 weather data processor manufactured by Koshin Denki, Japan. Note that although SMET contains rain gauge, anemometer and radiometers in their system, we adopted those data from not SMET but SOAR due to the following reasons; 1) Since SMET rain gauge is located near the base of the mast, the location possibly affect on the accuracy of the capture rate of the gauge, 2) SOAR's anemometer has better starting threshold wind speed (1 m/sec) comparing to SMET's anemometer (2 m/sec), and 3) SMET's radiometers record data with 10 W/m2 unit, while SOAR records 1 W/m2 unit. SOAR system was designed and constructed by the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), USA, for an accurate measurement of solar radiation on the ship. Details of SOAR can be found at http://www.gim.bnl.gov/soar/. SOAR consists of 1) Portable Radiation Package (PRP) that measures short and long wave downwelling radiation, 2) Zeno meteorological system that measures pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed/direction, and rainfall, and 3) Scientific Computer System (SCS) developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA, for data collection, management, real-time monitoring, and so on. Information on sensors used here is listed in Table 2.2.2. TABLE 2.2.1. Instruments and locations of SMET. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sensor Parameter Manufacturer/type Location/height from sea level -------------- ------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ Thermometer*^1 air temperature Vaisala, Finland/HMP45A compass deck*^2/21 m relative humidity Thermometer sea temperature Koshin Denki, Japan/RFN1-0 4th deck/-5 m Barometer pressure Setra Systems Inc., USA/370 captain deck / 13 m _________________________________________________________________________________________________ *1 Gill aspirated radiation shield 43408 made by R. M. Young, USA is attached. *2 There are two thermometers at starboard and port sides. TABLE 2.2.2. Instruments and locations of SOAR. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Sensor Parameter Manufacturer/type Location/height from sea level ---------- --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ Anemometer wind speed/direction R. M. Young, USA/05106 foremast/25 m Rain gauge rainfall accumulation R. M. Young, USA/50202 foremast/24 m Radiometer short wave radiation Eppley, USA/PSP foremast/25 m long wave radiation Eppley, USA/PIR foremast/25 m ____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4) Data processing and data format All raw data were recorded every 6 seconds. Datasets produced here are 1- minute mean values (time stamp at the beginning of the average). They are simple mean of 8 samples (10 samples minus maximum/minimum values) to exclude singular values. Liner interpolation onto missing values was applied only when their interval was less than 5 minutes. Since the thermometers are equipped on both starboard/port sides on the deck, we used air temperature/relative humidity data taken at upwind side. Dew point temperature was produced from relative humidity and air temperature data. No adjustment to sea level values is applied except pressure data. Data are stored as ASCII format and contains following parameters. Time in UTC expressed as YYYYMMDDHHMM, time in Julian day (1.0000 = January 1, 0000Z), longitude (°E), latitude (°N), pressure (hPa), air temperature (°C), dew point temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), sea surface temperature (°C), zonal wind component (m/sec), meridional wind component (m/sec), precipitation (mm/hr), downwelling shortwave radiation (W/m2), and downwelling longwave radiation (W/m2). Missing values are expressed as "9999". (5) Data Quality To ensure the data quality, each sensor was calibrated as follows. Since there is a possibility for fine time resolution data sets to have some noises caused (generated) by turbulence, it is recommended to filter them out (ex. hourly mean) from this 1-minute mean data sets depending on the scientific purpose. T/RH sensor: Temperature and humidity probes were calibrated before/after the cruise by the manufacturer. Certificated accuracy of T/RH sensors are better than ± 0.2°C and ± 2%, respectively. We also checked T/RH values using another calibrated portable T/RH sensor (Vaisala, HMP45A) before and after the cruise. The results are, Temperature (°C) Mean difference between T (SMET) and T (portable) is 0.0±0.6 (°C) at port side, -0.3±0.3 (°C) at starboard side. Relative Humidity (%) Mean difference between RH (SMET) and RH (portable) is 2±2 (%) at port side, 3±1 (%) at starboard side. Pressure sensor: Using calibrated portable barometer (Vaisala, Finland / PTB220, certificated accuracy is better than ± 0.1 hPa), pressure sensor was checked before/after the cruise. Mean difference of SMET pressure sensor and portable sensor is -0.1±0.3 hPa. Anemometer: Using digital tester (Hioki, Japan / 3805), pre-cruise calibration was conducted by the GODI. Pre-cruise calibration date: Sep. 7, 2005 Starting threshold wind speed: 0.9 m/sec for clockwise 0.9 m/sec for counter-clockwise Wind direction check: better than ± 2° Set value 6 36 64 96 126 156 185 215 244 275 306 336 Measured value 6 30 68 97 127 156 186 216 245 275 306 337 Difference 0 0 -4 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Precipitation: Before the cruise, we put water into the rain gauge to check their linearity between the indicated values and the water amount input. Expected accuracy is better than ±1 mm corresponding to the sensor's specification. The results are as follows, and data were corrected using this relationship. ______________________________________________________ Leg.1 Leg.2 Leg.3 ------------------------------- ----- ----- ----- minimum input water volume (cc) 0.0 0.0 0.0 minimum measured value (mm) 0.9 2.1 0.7 maximum input water volume (cc) 509.8 514.3 510.3 maximum measured value (mm) 51.6 52.7 51.5 ______________________________________________________ Radiation sensors: Short wave and long wave radiometers were calibrated by the manufacturer, Remote Measurement and Research Company, USA, prior to the cruise. (6) Data periods Leg.1 1200 UTC, October 31, 2005 - 1830 UTC, November 24, 2005 * SST data is available from 0000 UTC, November 2, 2005. Leg.2 1900 UTC, November 27, 2005 - 0000 UTC, January 17, 2006 * SST data is available between 0400 UTC, November 29, 2005 - 0500 UTC, January 15, 2006 Leg.3 2350 UTC, January 19, 2006 - 2300 UTC, January 29, 2006 * SST is available until 0000 UTC, January 28, 2006. (7) Point of contact Kunio Yoneyama (yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp) IORGC / JAMSTEC, 2-15, Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 2.3 THERMO-SALINOGRAPH AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS May 2, 2007 (1) Personnel Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Takuhei Shiozaki (MWJ) Keisuke Wataki (MWJ) Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) Osamu Yoshida (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (2) Objective Our purpose is to measure salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and particle size and number in near-sea surface water during MR05-05 cruise. (3) Methods The Continuous Sea Surface Water Monitoring System (Nippon Kaiyo Co. Ltd.), including the thermosalinograph, has six kinds of sensors and can automatically measure salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and particle size and number in near-sea surface water every one minute. This system is located in the sea surface monitoring laboratory on R/V MIRAI and connected to shipboard LAN system. Measured data, time, and location of the ship were displayed on a monitor and then stored in a data management PC (IBM NetVista 6826-CBJ). Near-surface water was continuously pumped from a depth of about 4 m to the laboratory and flowed into the system through a vinyl-chloride pipe. The flow rate of the surface seawater was controlled by several valves and adjusted to 12 L/min. except for a fluorometer (about 0.3 L/min.). The flow rate was measured by two flow meters. During this cruise, the data management PC had a trouble in data acquisition of dissolved oxygen and particle counting and sizing. Thus, we connected another computer (IBM ThinkPad T41) to the system for those data storage. Specifications of the each sensor in this system are listed below. a) Temperature and salinity sensors* SEACAT THERMOSALINOGRAPH Model: SBE-21, SEA-BIRD ELECTRONICS, INC. Serial number: 2118859-3126 Measurement range: Temperature -5 to +35°C, Salinity 0 to 6.5 S m-1 Accuracy: Temperature 0.01°C 6month-1, Salinity 0.001 S m-1 month-1 Resolution: Temperatures 0.001°C, Salinity0.0001 S m-1 b) Bottom of ship thermometer Model: SBE 3S, SEA-BIRD ELECTRONICS, INC. Serial number: 032607 Measurement range: -5 to +35°C Resolution: ±0.001°C Stability: 0.002°C year-1 c) Dissolved oxygen sensor Model: 2127A, HACH ULTRA ANALYTICS JAPAN, INC. Serial number: 47477 Measurement range: 0 to 14 ppm Accuracy: ±1% at 5°C of correction range Stability: 1% month-1 d) Fluorometer Model: 10-AU-005, TURNER DESIGNS Serial number: 5562 FRXX Detection limit: 5 ppt or less for chlorophyll a Stability: 0.5% month-1 of full scale e) Particle Size sensor Model: P-05, Nippon Kaiyo LTD. Serial number: P5024 Measurement range: 0.2681 mm to 6.666 mm Accuracy: ±10% of range Reproducibility: ±5% Stability: 5% week-1 f) Flow meter Model: EMARG2W, Aichi Watch Electronics LTD. Serial number: 8672 Measurement range: 0 to 30 l min-1 Accuracy: ±1% Stability: ±1% day-1 * During the past cruises, an antifoulant (antibiotic) device including TBTO (tributyltin oxide) was attached to the salinity sensor to control growth of aquatic organisms in electronic conductivity sensors. TBTO is an endocrine disrupting chemical and restricted its use in the environments by Japanese law. Consequently, we did not use the antifoulant device during this cruise. After Leg.2, we found biogenic stains on both temperature and salinity sensors that had not been found at the end of Leg.1 cruise (Photo 2.3.1). Although effectiveness of the antibiotic device is uncertain, the biogenic stains found on the sensors suggest that the device should have been attached to the sensors for longer than one month during the cruises. (4) Measurements Periods of measurement, maintenance, and problems during MR05-05 are listed in Table 2.3.1. TABLE 2.3.1. Events list of the thermo-salinograph. _______________________________________________________________________________ Date [UTC] Time [UTC] Event Remarks ---------- ------------- ------------------------------------- ----------- 31-Oct-05 18:13 All measurements started. Leg.1 start 11-Nov-05 02:45 ~ 03:46 The fluorescence measurement stopped for cell cleaning. 23-Nov-05 22:57 All measurements stopped. Leg.1 end 29-Nov-05 06:53 All measurements started. Leg.2 start 14-Dec-05 20:23 ~ 21:50 The fluorescence measurement stopped for cell cleaning. 15-Jan-06 05:12 All measurements stopped. Leg.2 end 20-Jan-06 04:32 All measurements started. Leg.3 start 25-Jan-06 05:48 ~ 07:14 Failure of data storage for T, S, Flu, location due to the PC troubles. 26-Jan-06 07:58 ~ 09:04 Failure of data storage for T, S, Flu, 09:13 ~ 09:39 location due to the PC troubles. 26-Jan-06 09:13 ~ 09:28 Failure of data storage for oxygen and particle size due to the PC troubles. 27-Jan-06 23:27 All measurements stopped. Leg.3 end _______________________________________________________________________________ (5) Calibrations i. Comparison with bottle data We collected the surface seawater samples approximately twice a day from the outlet equipped in the middle of water line of the system for salinity sensor calibration. 250 ml brown grass bottle with plastic inner stopper and screw cap was used to collect the samples. The sample bottles were stored in the sea surface monitoring laboratory. The samples were measured using the Guildline 8400B at the end of each leg after allmeasurements of hydrocast bottle samples. The measurement technique was almost same as that for bottle salinity measurement. The results are shown in Table 2.3.2 and JAMSTEC MIRAI DATA web; http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg1/EPCS/MR0505_leg1_cor_info_eng.html, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg2/EPCS/MR0505_leg2_cor_info_eng.html, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-eg3/EPCS/MR0505_leg3_cor_info_eng.html. In order to calibrate the fluorescence sensor, Tokyo Institute of Technology group collected the surface seawater at the noon and about 4 hours after the sunset for measuring chlorophyll-a. 500 ml of the seawater sample was gently filtrated by low vacuum pressure (<15 cmHg) through Whatman GF/F filter (diameter 25 mm) in a dark room. The filter was immediately transferred into 7 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and then the bottle of DMF was stored at -20°C under dark condition to extract chlorophyll-a for more than 24 hours. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a were measured by a fluorometer (10-AU-005, TURNER DESIGNS) that was previously calibrated against a pure chlorophyll-a (Sigma chemical Co.). We carried out "Non-acidification method " (Welschmeyer, 1994) for chlorophyll-a measurements. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 2.3.3. Sensors for dissolved oxygen and particle size were not calibrated against bottle data. ii. Sensor calibrations The sensors for temperature and salinity were calibrated before and after the cruise in order to evaluated the measurement drifts during the cruise. The results of the calibrations are available through JAMSTEC MIRAI DATA Web as above. 2.3.6 Date archive Quality controlled data of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen can be downloaded from JAMSTEC MIRAI DATA Web; http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05- 05_leg1/EPCS/MR0505_1_qced_data.html, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-05_leg2/EPCS/MR0505_2_qced_data.html, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/2005/MR05-05_leg3/EPCS/MR0505_3_qced_data.html. Data of fluorescence and particle size and number are also available through the web page. TABLE 2.3.2. Comparison of the sensor salinity and the bottle salinity. ____________________________________________________________________________ Date [UTC] Time [UTC] Sensor salinity Bottle salinity Quality Flag for [PSS-78] [PSS-78] bottle salinity ---------- --------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- 2-Nov-05 6:50 33.5700 33.5695 2 3-Nov-05 8:22 33.1737 33.1713 2 4-Nov-05 6:13 33.6508 33.6571 3 5-Nov-05 5:17 34.2141 34.2115 2 6-Nov-05 8:26 34.5818 34.5795 2 7-Nov-05 8:00 34.8829 34.8789 2 8-Nov-05 7:46 35.0396 35.0376 2 9-Nov-05 5:59 35.2435 35.2407 2 10-Nov-05 7:10 35.1329 35.1297 2 11-Nov-05 2:40 35.1480 35.1459 2 12-Nov-05 8:16 35.1758 35.1731 2 13-Nov-05 8:21 35.2669 35.2644 2 14-Nov-05 10:58 35.3217 35.3188 2 15-Nov-05 8:14 35.3293 35.3255 2 16-Nov-05 8:27 35.0564 35.0519 2 17-Nov-05 7:00 35.2159 35.2122 2 18-Nov-05 10:12 35.3360 35.3320 2 18-Nov-05 22:25 35.3442 35.3403 2 19-Nov-05 8:52 35.3532 35.3484 2 19-Nov-05 21:20 35.3188 35.3158 2 20-Nov-05 11:25 35.3493 35.3466 2 20-Nov-05 23:29 35.3597 35.3548 2 21-Nov-05 12:05 35.1876 35.1860 2 21-Nov-05 18:09 35.2402 35.2369 2 29-Nov-05 20:08 35.2438 35.2462 2 29-Nov-05 23:17 35.1937 35.1943 2 30-Nov-05 15:46 35.2185 35.2217 2 1-Dec-05 1:25 35.2297 35.2325 2 1-Dec-05 14:25 35.2561 35.2590 2 2-Dec-05 8:07 35.2581 35.2605 2 2-Dec-05 13:21 35.2560 35.2573 2 3-Dec-05 0:41 35.1905 35.1972 2 3-Dec-05 15:12 35.1715 35.1738 2 4-Dec-05 0:44 35.2197 35.2220 2 4-Dec-05 13:59 35.2867 35.2874 2 5-Dec-05 0:47 35.3573 35.3594 2 5-Dec-05 13:36 35.2448 35.2460 2 6-Dec-05 1:25 35.2640 35.2658 2 6-Dec-05 13:33 35.2607 35.2663 2 7-Dec-05 1:00 35.2957 35.2981 2 7-Dec-05 13:28 35.3609 35.3635 2 8-Dec-05 1:00 35.3706 35.3732 2 9-Dec-05 1:38 35.3573 35.3590 2 9-Dec-05 9:02 35.3492 35.3494 2 9-Dec-05 14:28 35.3398 35.3414 2 10-Dec-05 1:56 35.3514 35.3536 2 10-Dec-05 14:25 35.2974 35.2998 2 11-Dec-05 2:10 35.2485 35.2508 2 11-Dec-05 14:30 35.2312 35.2333 2 12-Dec-05 2:18 35.2767 35.2751 2 12-Dec-05 19:46 34.9113 34.9100 2 13-Dec-05 5:32 34.8525 34.8533 2 13-Dec-05 20:55 34.8668 34.8662 2 14-Dec-05 9:51 34.8070 34.8062 2 14-Dec-05 21:32 34.8108 34.8095 2 15-Dec-05 13:57 34.7460 34.7482 2 15-Dec-05 20:08 34.7251 34.7255 2 16-Dec-05 13:48 34.7450 34.7477 2 16-Dec-05 18:51 34.7879 34.7876 2 17-Dec-05 1:58 34.7641 34.7631 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ TABLE 2.3.2. (continued) ____________________________________________________________________________ Date [UTC] Time [UTC] Sensor salinity Bottle salinity Quality Flag for [PSS-78] [PSS-78] bottle salinity ---------- --------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- 17-Dec-05 14:40 34.7886 34.7886 2 18-Dec-05 11:02 34.7928 34.7894 2 18-Dec-05 14:27 34.8002 34.8000 2 19-Dec-05 8:39 34.8347 34.8312 2 19-Dec-05 21:15 35.0004 35.0000 2 20-Dec-05 2:25 34.9669 34.9672 2 21-Dec-05 10:24 35.2600 35.2600 2 21-Dec-05 15:05 35.3098 35.3092 2 22-Dec-05 10:32 35.2453 35.2428 2 22-Dec-05 15:32 35.1821 35.1809 2 23-Dec-05 5:49 35.2539 35.2529 2 23-Dec-05 15:20 35.2687 35.2681 2 24-Dec-05 4:17 35.1506 35.1516 2 24-Dec-05 15:21 35.1108 35.1093 2 25-Dec-05 3:02 35.1697 35.1665 2 25-Dec-05 15:17 35.0202 35.0187 2 26-Dec-05 3:56 34.9861 34.9841 2 26-Dec-05 15:30 35.0344 35.0326 2 27-Dec-05 3:16 35.1956 35.1938 2 27-Dec-05 15:19 35.0220 35.0204 2 28-Dec-05 3:23 35.0168 35.0160 2 28-Dec-05 15:25 35.1121 35.1052 2 29-Dec-05 3:17 35.1368 35.1358 2 29-Dec-05 15:40 34.8900 34.8895 2 30-Dec-05 4:15 34.9790 34.9782 2 30-Dec-05 15:31 35.0010 35.0015 2 31-Dec-05 4:26 34.9686 34.9685 2 01-Jan-06 5:45 34.9579 34.9565 2 01-Jan-06 15:39 34.9594 34.9580 2 02-Jan-06 6:23 34.9835 34.9818 2 02-Jan-06 15:29 34.9401 34.9392 2 02-Jan-06 17:25 34.9542 34.9542 2 03-Jan-06 13:12 34.8194 34.8195 2 03-Jan-06 17:53 34.8762 34.8715 2 04-Jan-06 5:14 34.7966 34.7961 2 04-Jan-06 17:30 34.8093 34.8091 2 05-Jan-06 6:43 34.8998 34.8989 2 05-Jan-06 17:38 34.9090 34.9085 2 06-Jan-06 6:47 34.8450 34.8434 2 06-Jan-06 17:51 34.8190 34.8180 2 07-Jan-06 7:59 34.8109 34.8101 2 07-Jan-06 17:42 34.6597 34.6584 2 08-Jan-06 8:01 34.7983 34.7971 2 08-Jan-06 18:20 34.6684 34.6674 2 09-Jan-06 20:46 34.7581 34.7569 2 10-Jan-06 13:37 34.7615 34.7667 2 10-Jan-06 17:45 34.6906 34.6897 2 11-Jan-06 6:11 34.8660 34.8650 2 11-Jan-06 17:47 34.7070 34.7076 2 12-Jan-06 8:57 34.7660 34.7654 2 12-Jan-06 17:34 34.7228 34.7217 2 13-Jan-06 6:46 34.7033 34.7006 2 13-Jan-06 17:37 34.7052 34.7038 2 14-Jan-06 7:31 34.6351 34.6353 2 14-Jan-06 17:44 34.6562 34.6549 2 20-Jan-06 5:50 34.7968 34.7928 2 20-Jan-06 18:35 34.6766 34.6693 2 21-Jan-06 5:36 34.6326 34.6265 2 21-Jan-06 17:57 34.5974 34.5979 2 22-Jan-06 5:46 34.5873 34.5817 2 22-Jan-06 17:20 34.6853 34.6788 2 23-Jan-06 5:42 34.7726 34.7714 2 23-Jan-06 18:06 34.6577 34.6525 2 24-Jan-06 5:44 34.6295 34.6273 2 24-Jan-06 18:07 34.6144 34.6033 2 25-Jan-06 5:46 34.5806 34.5724 2 25-Jan-06 17:52 34.5397 34.5399 2 26-Jan-06 5:41 34.5224 34.5162 2 26-Jan-06 18:14 34.2362 34.2482 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ TABLE 2.3.3. Comparison of sensor fluorescence and bottle chlorophyll-a. _________________________________________________ Date Time Sensor Chlorophyll-a [UTC] [UTC] Fluorescence (μg/L) ---------- ----- ------------ ------------- 1-Nov-05 6:20 15.791 0.37 1-Nov-05 20:00 15.266 0.44 2-Nov-05 6:03 16.915 0.30 2-Nov-05 20:29 14.017 0.17 3-Nov-05 6:02 14.768 0.13 3-Nov-05 20:13 13.192 0.12 4-Nov-05 6:13 13.394 0.08 4-Nov-05 20:05 12.899 0.08 5-Nov-05 6:00 12.971 0.08 5-Nov-05 20:08 12.469 0.10 6-Nov-05 6:11 13.063 0.09 6-Nov-05 20:08 12.755 0.12 7-Nov-05 6:03 13.085 0.10 7-Nov-05 20:59 12.587 0.08 8-Nov-05 7:05 12.750 0.10 8-Nov-05 21:15 12.280 0.12 9-Nov-05 7:10 12.815 0.12 9-Nov-05 23:34 12.659 0.15 10-Nov-05 7:19 12.784 0.13 10-Nov-05 21:08 12.427 0.12 11-Nov-05 7:19 13.846 0.12 11-Nov-05 22:10 12.609 0.12 12-Nov-05 8:10 13.467 0.13 12-Nov-05 22:08 12.914 0.11 13-Nov-05 8:33 13.169 0.10 13-Nov-05 22:10 12.733 0.11 14-Nov-05 8:12 13.103 0.10 14-Nov-05 22:00 12.639 0.12 15-Nov-05 8:12 12.977 0.11 15-Nov-05 22:03 12.357 0.08 16-Nov-05 9:22 12.768 0.09 16-Nov-05 22:00 12.361 0.09 17-Nov-05 8:07 12.623 0.11 17-Nov-05 22:35 12.353 0.11 18-Nov-05 8:25 12.652 0.12 18-Nov-05 22:15 12.260 0.11 19-Nov-05 8:52 12.803 0.08 19-Nov-05 22:10 12.305 0.08 20-Nov-05 8:06 12.589 0.08 20-Nov-05 22:15 12.542 0.09 21-Nov-05 8:10 13.062 0.12 21-Nov-05 22:15 12.828 0.13 21-Nov-05 22:15 12.828 0.13 22-Nov-05 8:11 13.125 0.16 22-Nov-05 22:10 13.035 0.15 22-Nov-05 22:10 13.035 0.18 29-Nov-05 23:27 13.936 0.14 30-Nov-05 9:00 13.722 0.14 30-Nov-05 9:00 13.722 0.15 30-Nov-05 23:22 12.934 0.13 30-Nov-05 23:22 12.934 0.13 01-Dec-05 9:01 13.479 0.12 02-Dec-05 1:45 13.153 0.13 02-Dec-05 10:08 13.229 0.08 02-Dec-05 10:08 13.229 0.08 02-Dec-05 23:50 12.193 0.10 02-Dec-05 23:50 12.193 0.10 03-Dec-05 9:01 12.679 0.08 03-Dec-05 23:29 12.356 0.14 04-Dec-05 9:00 12.600 0.12 04-Dec-05 9:00 12.600 0.12 04-Dec-05 23:28 11.957 0.10 04-Dec-05 23:28 11.957 0.10 05-Dec-05 9:39 12.214 0.10 06-Dec-05 2:01 11.869 0.09 06-Dec-05 8:56 11.974 0.08 06-Dec-05 8:56 11.974 0.08 07-Dec-05 0:22 11.713 0.09 07-Dec-05 0:22 11.713 0.09 07-Dec-05 9:01 11.932 0.07 07-Dec-05 23:41 11.669 0.08 08-Dec-05 8:47 11.884 0.07 08-Dec-05 8:47 11.884 0.07 09-Dec-05 1:05 11.760 0.08 09-Dec-05 1:05 11.760 0.08 09-Dec-05 10:07 12.234 0.08 10-Dec-05 0:59 11.767 0.12 10-Dec-05 10:05 12.198 0.08 10-Dec-05 10:05 12.198 0.08 11-Dec-05 1:18 11.926 0.08 11-Dec-05 1:18 11.926 0.08 11-Dec-05 10:09 12.172 0.07 21-Dec-05 2:21 11.858 0.09 21-Dec-05 12:12 12.124 0.09 21-Dec-05 12:12 12.124 0.08 22-Dec-05 1:38 12.132 0.08 22-Dec-05 1:38 12.132 0.08 22-Dec-05 11:58 12.556 0.10 23-Dec-05 1:38 12.560 0.11 23-Dec-05 12:20 12.649 0.10 23-Dec-05 12:20 12.649 0.10 24-Dec-05 1:31 13.030 0.09 24-Dec-05 1:31 13.030 0.09 24-Dec-05 12:39 13.108 0.10 25-Dec-05 2:08 13.015 0.09 25-Dec-05 11:17 13.893 0.09 26-Dec-05 1:23 13.137 0.12 26-Dec-05 1:23 13.137 0.12 26-Dec-05 10:35 13.459 0.12 27-Dec-05 1:34 13.209 0.14 27-Dec-05 11:51 13.308 0.11 27-Dec-05 11:51 13.308 0.12 28-Dec-05 1:42 13.408 0.11 28-Dec-05 1:42 13.408 0.11 28-Dec-05 10:53 14.309 0.13 29-Dec-05 1:47 13.215 0.13 29-Dec-05 11:08 13.639 0.10 29-Dec-05 11:08 13.639 0.09 30-Dec-05 1:35 13.246 0.14 30-Dec-05 1:35 13.246 0.13 30-Dec-05 11:12 14.087 0.13 31-Dec-05 1:42 12.956 0.13 31-Dec-05 10:57 13.773 0.15 31-Dec-05 10:57 13.773 0.15 02-Jan-06 2:44 12.987 0.15 02-Jan-06 2:44 12.987 0.15 02-Jan-06 13:07 13.275 0.13 03-Jan-06 3:29 12.960 0.10 03-Jan-06 13:46 13.116 0.10 03-Jan-06 13:46 13.116 0.10 04-Jan-06 3:20 13.127 0.12 04-Jan-06 3:20 13.127 0.12 04-Jan-06 12:22 13.009 0.12 05-Jan-06 3:37 13.136 0.10 05-Jan-06 14:03 13.950 0.13 05-Jan-06 14:03 13.950 0.13 06-Jan-06 3:40 13.146 0.22 06-Jan-06 12:25 14.240 0.25 07-Jan-06 3:40 13.948 0.25 07-Jan-06 12:30 14.208 0.27 07-Jan-06 12:30 14.208 0.26 08-Jan-06 3:40 13.427 0.27 08-Jan-06 3:40 13.427 0.27 08-Jan-06 13:02 13.625 0.25 10-Jan-06 13:10 13.954 0.25 11-Jan-06 3:40 13.387 0.23 11-Jan-06 3:40 13.387 0.23 11-Jan-06 13:34 14.446 0.45 11-Jan-06 13:34 14.446 0.44 12-Jan-06 3:20 15.650 0.74 12-Jan-06 14:34 15.012 0.48 12-Jan-06 14:34 15.012 0.49 13-Jan-06 3:18 14.052 0.54 13-Jan-06 3:18 14.052 0.55 13-Jan-06 13:22 14.403 0.35 14-Jan-06 3:43 14.164 0.44 14-Jan-06 13:53 14.134 0.36 14-Jan-06 13:53 14.134 0.37 15-Jan-06 3:40 13.333 0.24 15-Jan-06 3:40 13.333 0.25 20-Jan-06 13:27 15.864 0.18 20-Jan-06 13:27 15.864 0.18 21-Jan-06 4:56 19.848 1.57 21-Jan-06 4:56 19.848 1.62 21-Jan-06 13:10 21.013 2.40 22-Jan-06 3:47 19.055 1.54 22-Jan-06 13:18 18.849 0.49 22-Jan-06 13:18 18.849 0.48 23-Jan-06 2:43 14.727 0.33 23-Jan-06 2:43 14.727 0.32 23-Jan-06 12:34 16.606 0.47 24-Jan-06 3:42 16.021 0.63 24-Jan-06 12:36 19.706 0.83 24-Jan-06 12:36 19.706 0.88 25-Jan-06 3:45 20.538 2.20 25-Jan-06 3:45 20.538 2.16 25-Jan-06 13:22 25.410 3.02 26-Jan-06 6:17 21.289 1.34 26-Jan-06 14:03 23.116 0.56 26-Jan-06 14:03 23.116 0.55 _________________________________________________ 2.4 UNDERWAY pCO2 July 4, 2007 (1) Personnel Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) Minoru Kamata (MWJ) Taeko Ohama (MWJ) Yoshiko Ishikawa (MWJ) (2) Introduction Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 1.5 ppmv y-1 due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human activities. In the P3 revist cruise, we aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed in the surface ocean of the North Pacific. For the purpose, we measured pCO2 (partial pressures of CO2) in the atmosphere and in the surface seawater. (3) Apparatus and shipboard measurement Continuous underway measurements of atmospheric and surface seawater pCO2 were made with the CO2 measuring system (Nippon ANS, Ltd) installed in the R/V MIRAI of JAMSTEC. The system comprises of a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer (NDIR; BINOS® model 4.1, Fisher-Rosemount), an air-circulation module and a showerhead-type equilibrator. To measure concentrations (mole fraction) of CO2 in dry air (xCO2a), air sampled from the bow of the ship (approx. 30 m above the sea level) was introduced into the NDIR through a dehydrating route with an electric dehumidifier (kept at ~2°C), a Perma Pure dryer (GL Sciences Inc.), and a chemical desiccant (Mg(ClO4)2). The flow rate of the air was 500 ml min-1. To measure surface seawater concentrations of CO2 in dry air (xCO2s), the air equilibrated with seawater within the equilibrator was introduced into the NDIR through the same flow route as the dehydrated air used in measuring xCO2a. The flow rate of the equilibrated air was 600 - 800 ml min-1. The seawater was taken by a pump from the intake placed at the approximately 4.5 m below the sea surface. The flow rate of seawater in the equilibrator was 500 - 800 ml min-1. The CO2 measuring system was set to repeat the measurement cycle such as 4 kinds of CO2 standard gases (Table 2.4.1), xCO2a (twice), xCO2s (7 times). This measuring system was run automatically throughout the cruise by a PC control. (4) Quality control Concentrations of CO2 of the standard gases are listed in Table 2.4.1, which were calibrated by JAMSTEC primary standard gases. The CO2 concentrations of the primary standard gases were calibrated by C.D. Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA. Since differences in concentrations of the standard gases between before and after the cruise were acceptable (< 0.1 ppmv), the averaged concentrations (Table 2.4.1) were adopted for the subsequent calculations. In actual shipboard observations, the signals of NDIR usually reveal trends. The trends were adjusted linearly using the signals of the standard gases analyzed before and after the sample measurements. Effects of water temperature increased between the inlet of surface seawater and the equilibrator on xCO2s were adjusted based on Gordon and Jones (1973), although the temperature increases were slight, being ~0.3°C. We checked values of xCO2a and xCO2s by examining the signals of the NDIR on recorder charts, and by plotting the xCO2a and xCO2s as a function of sequential day, longitude, sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity. REFERENCE Gordon, L. I. and L. B. Jones (1973) The effect of temperature on carbon dioxide partial pressure in seawater. Mar. Chem ., 1, 317-322. TABLE 2.4.1. Concentrations of CO2 standard gases used in the P3 revisit cruise. ______________________________ Concentrations Cylinder no. (ppmv) ------------ -------------- CQB17639 262.94 CQB17638 320.42 CQB17637 381.04 CQB17636 420.76 ______________________________ 2.5 ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER September 3, 2007 (1) Personnel Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Yasushi Yoshikawa (JAMSTEC) Souichiro Sueyoshi (GODI) Shinya Okumura (GODI) Katsuhisa Maeno (GODI) Norio Nagahama (GODI) (2) Instrument and method The instrument used was an RDI 76.8 kHz unit, hull-mounted on the centerline and approximately 23 m aft of the bow at the water line. The firmware version was 5.59 and the data acquisition software was RDI VMDAS Version. 1.4. Operation was made from the first CTD station to the last CTD station. The instrument was used in water-tracking mode during the most of operations, recording each ping raw data in 8 m x 90 bin from about 23 m to 735 m in depth. Typical sampling interval was 3.5 seconds. Bottom track mode was added in the northernmost shallow water region. GPS gave navigation data. Two kinds of compass data were recorded. One compass was the ship's gyrocompass, which is connected the ADCP system directory, and its data were stored with the ADCP data. Current field based on the gyrocompass was used to check the operation and the performance on board. Another compass used was Inertial Navigation Unit (INU), DRU-H, Honeywell Inc. Its accuracy is 1.0 mile (about 0.056 degree) and had already set on zero bias before the beginning of the cruise. The INU compass data were stored independently and combined with the ADCP data after the cruise. (3) Performance and quick view of the ADCP data on board The performance of the ADCP instrument was almost good throughout the cruise: on streaming, profiles usually reached about 600 m (1609038 pings of all 2656345 pings). Profiles were sometimes rather bad on CTD station. The profiles did not reach so far, from 200 m to 500 m and the ADCP signal was typically weak at about 350 m in depth. It is probably due to babbles from the bow-thruster. We processed the ADCP data in this cruise on board as described below. ADCP- coordinate velocities were converted to the earth-coordinate velocities using the ship's heading, roll and pitch data form the INU. The earth-coordinate currents were obtained by subtracting ship velocities from the earth- coordinate velocities. The ship velocities were obtained from the moving distances for 5 minites, which were measured by GPS data. The noise of the GPS position data was filtered out by 15-sec running mean. The errors of the estimated ship velocities are within 10 cm/s. After this cruise the parameters of the misalignment and the scale factor would be evaluated by using the bottom track data obtained both in this cruise and in the engineering test cruise made just before this cruise. (4) Data Processing Corrections of the misalignment and the scale factor were made after the cruise using the bottom track data. The bottom track data used was obtained during the engineering test cruise carried out just before the P3_revisit cruise. The misalignment angle calculated was 0.15 degree and the scale factor was 0.975. Criteria for the correlation less than 64 and error velocity more than 20 mm/s are removed here. Therefore the error is estimated t 20 mm/s. Raw data are filtered using the median filter on every 3 minutes. There are about 90 data in one ensemble. Time series of upper 200 m average flow for about 3 hours are calculated using the 3 minutes sub set. The continuity of the series on streaming between the CTD sites is examined. The standard deviation on the CTD sites is 56 mm/s. and that on streaming between the CTD sites is 47 mm/s. The qualitites of data on CTD sites and on streaming is not so different. The mismatch between the ship velocity obtained from the GPS and water column velocity of ADCP was found when the ship was accelerated and/or decelerated. To avoid the effect of the acceleration, we process the data only when standard deviation of ship velocity for three minutes is less than 10 cm/s. In the next step, we averaged the subset at each CTD station. Each mean profile is calculated with depth correction using the CTD data. Vertical grids are put on every 10 m. (5) Data Structure The record structure of the data set A, where file name is 'ADCP_A', is described below. The file consists of 239 profiles in the CTD sites. Each profile consists of header and data. The header has three lines representing analyzed site, date and time, and position. The data has 67 layers in which depth, zonal velocity, meridional velocity, and vertical velocity of each grid are stored. Unit of depth is in meter. Unit of flow is in m/s. On the CTD station, the CTD station name (e.g. '143_1') is recorded as the analyzed site in the header. Mean time and position were calculated and recorded using the ADCP profiles during the CTD operation was made. The '99.999' in the data represents no available data stored. [data structure of the data set A] Line 1: header 1 Column 1: cruise code Column 2: analyzed site Line 2: header 2 date Line 3: header 3 Column 1: longitude (degree E) Column 2: latitude (degree N) Line 4-70: flow data in each depth level Column 1: depth (m) Column 2: zonal velocity (m/s) Column 3: meridional velocity (m/s) Column 4: vertical velocity (m/s) Flow data processed in every three minutes are stored in the data set B, where the file name is 'ADCP_B'. The data structure is the same as that of the data set B, except for the analyzed site in the header 1. [data structure of the data set B: every 3 minutes] Line 1: header 1 Column 1: cruise code Column 2: sequatial record number Line 2: header 2 date Line 3: header 3 Column 1: longitude (degree E) Column 2: latitude (degree N) Line 4-38: flow data in each depth level Column 1: depth (m) Column 2: zonal velocity (m/s) Column 3: meridional velocity (m/s) Column 4: vertical velocity (m/s) 3. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS 3.1 CTD/O2 MEASUREMENTS May 2, 2007 (1) Personnel Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Masao Fukasawa (JAMSTEC) Satoshi Ozawa (MWJ) Tomoyuki Takamori (MWJ) Kentaro Oyama (MWJ) Hiroki Ushiromura (MWJ) Hiroyuki Hayashi (MWJ) Hirokatsu Uno (MWJ) Akinori Murata (MWJ) Shinsuke Toyoda (MWJ) Hiroshi Matsunaga (MWJ) Tomohide Noguchi (MWJ) Makito Yokota (MWJ) (2) Winch arrangements The CTD package was deployed by using 4.5 Ton Traction Winch System Dynacon, Inc., Bryan, Texas, USA), which was installed on the R/V MIRAI in April 2001. The CTD Traction Winch System with the Heave Compensation Systems (Dynacon, Inc.) is designed to reduce cable stress resulting from load variation caused by wave or vessel motion. The system was operated passively by providing a nodding boom crane that moves up or down in response to line tension variations. Primary system components include a complete CTD Traction Winch System with up to 10 km of 9.53 mm armored cable (Ocean Cable and Communications Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan), a cable rocker and Electro- Hydraulic Power Unit, a nodding-boom crane assembly, two hydraulic cylinders and two hydraulic oil/nitrogen accumulators mounted within a single frame assembly. The system also contains related electronic hardware interface and a heave compensation computer control program. (3) Overview of the equipment The CTD system, SBE 911plus system (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., Bellevue, Washington, USA), is a real time data system with the CTD data transmitted from a SBE 9plus underwater unit via a conducting cable to the SBE 11plus deck unit. The SBE 11plus deck unit is a rack-mountable interface which supplies DC power to underwater unit, decodes serial data stream, formats data under microprocessor control, and passes the data to a companion computer. The serial data from the underwater unit is sent to the deck unit in RS-232 NRZ format using a 34,560 Hz carrier-modulated differential-phase- shift-keying (DPSK) telemetry link. The deck unit decodes the serial data and sends them to a personal computer to display, at the same time, to storage in a disk file using SBE SEASOFT software. The SBE 911plus system acquires data from primary, secondary and auxiliary sensors in the form of binary numbers corresponding to the frequency or the voltage outputs from those sensors at 24 samples per second. The calculations required to convert raw data to engineering units of the parameters are performed by the SBE SEASOFT in real-time. The same calculations can be carried out after the observation using data stored in a disk file. The SBE 911plus system controls 36-position SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler. The Carousel accepts 12-litre water sample bottles. Bottles are fired through the RS-232C modem connector on the back of the SBE 11plus deck unit while acquiring real time data. The 12-litre Niskin-X water sample bottle (General Oceanics, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA) is equipped externally with two stainless steel springs. The external springs are ideal for applications such as trace metal analysis because the inside of the sampler is free from contaminants from springs. SBE's temperature (SBE 3) and conductivity (SBE 4) sensor modules were used with the SBE 9plus underwater unit fixed by a single clamp and "L" bracket to the lower end cap. The conductivity cell entrance is co-planar with the tip of the temperature sensor's protective steel sheath. The pressure sensor is mounted in the main housing of the underwater unit and is ported to outside through the oil-filled plastic capillary tube. A compact, modular unit consisting of a centrifugal pump head and a brushless DC ball bearing motor contained in an aluminum underwater housing pump (SBE 5T) flushes water through sensor tubing at a constant rate independent of the CTD's motion. Motor speed and pumping rate (3,000 rpm) remain nearly constant over the entire input voltage range of 12-18 volts DC. Flow speed of pumped water in standard TC duct is about 2.4 m/s. SBE's dissolved oxygen sensor (SBE 43) was placed between the conductivity sensor module and the pump. Auxiliary sensors, Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer (SBE 35), altimeter (PSA-916T; Teledyne Benthos, Inc., North Falmous, Massachusetts, USA) and oxygen optode (Oxygen Optode 3830; Aanderaa Data Instruments AS, Bergen, Norway) were also used with the SBE 9plus underwater unit. The SBE 35 position in regard to the SBE 3 is shown in Figure 3.1.1. It is known that the CTD temperature data is influenced by motion (pitching and rolling) of the CTD package. In order to reduce the motion of the CTD package, a heavy stainless frame (total weight of the CTD package without sea water in the bottles is about 1,000 kg) was used and an aluminum plate (54°- 90 cm) was attached to the frame (Figure 3.1.1). [Summary of the system used in this cruise] Deck unit: SBE 11plus, S/N 0344 Under water unit: SBE 9plus, S/N 79511 (Pressure sensor: S/N 0677) Temperature sensor: SBE 3, S/N 1464 (Leg.1: primary) SBE 3plus, S/N 4216 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2, 3: primary) SBE 3, S/N 1525 (Leg.2, 3: secondary) Conductivity sensor: SBE 4, S/N 1203 (Leg.1: primary) SBE 4, S/N 2854 (Leg.1: secondary) SBE 4, S/N 3124 (Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to 197_1) SBE 4, S/N 3036 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 197_1) SBE 4, S/N 2854 (Leg.2, 3: primary from X14_1 to TS_1) SBE 4, S/N 3116 (Leg.2, 3: secondary from X14_1 to TS_1) Oxygen sensor: SBE 43, S/N 0391 (Leg.1: primary, Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to WC7) SBE 43, S/N 0488 (Leg.1: secondary) SBE 43, S/N 0390 (Leg.2, 3: primary from WC8 to TS1) SBE 43, S/N 0394 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 283_1, Leg.3: secondary) SBE 43, S/N 0205 (Leg.2: secondary from 285_1 to 351_2) Oxygen Optode 3830, S/N 612 (Leg.1, 2, 3: pilot) Pump: SBE 5T, S/N 3293 (Leg.1: primary) SBE 5T, S/N 3118 (Leg.1: secondary) SBE 5T, S/N 0984 (Leg.2, 3: primary) SBE 5T, S/N 2627 (Leg.2, 3: secondary) Altimeter: PSA-916T, S/N 1100 (Leg.1) PSA-916T, S/N 1157 (Leg.2, 3) Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer: SBE 35, S/N 0022 (Leg.1, 2) SBE 35, S/N 0045 (Leg.3) Carousel Water Sampler: SBE 32, S/N 0391 (Leg.1, 2, 3) Water sample bottle: 12-litre Niskin-X (no TEFLON coating) (4) Pre-cruise calibration (4.1) Pressure The Paroscientific series 4000 Digiquartz high pressure transducer (Paroscientific, Inc., Redmond, Washington, USA) uses a quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressure induced stress with 0.01 per million of resolution over the absolute pressure range of 0 to 15,000 psia (0 to 10,332 dbar). Also, a quartz crystal temperature signal is used to compensate for a wide range of temperature changes at the time of an observation. The pressure sensor (MODEL 415K-187) has a nominal accuracy of 0.015% FS (1.5 dbar), typical stability of 0.0015% FS/month (0.15 dbar/month), and resolution of 0.001% FS (0.1 dbar). Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following coefficients were used in the SEASOFT: S/N 0677, 2 July 2002 c(1) = -62072.94 c(2) = -1.176956 c(3) = 1.954420e-02 d(1) = 0.027386 d(2) = 0.0 t(1) = 30.05031 t(2) = -4.744833e-04 t(3) = 3.757590e-06 t(4) = 3.810700e-09 t(5) = 0.0 Pressure coefficients are first formulated into c = c(1) + c(2) X U + c(a) X U^2 d = d(1) + d(2) X U t(0) = t(1) + t(2) X U + t(3) X U^2 + t(4) X U^3 + t(5) X U^ where U is temperature in degrees Celsius. The pressure temperature, U, is determined according to U(°C) = M X (12 bit pressure temperature compensation word) - B The following coefficients were used in SEASOFT: S/N 0677 M = 0.0128041 B = -9.324136 (in the underwater unit system configuration sheet dated on 22 February 2002) Finally, pressure is computed as P(psi) = c X [1 - (t(0)^2/t^2)] X {1 - d °- [1 - (t(0)^2/t^2)]} where t is pressure period (μsec). Since the pressure sensor measures the absolute value, it inherently includes atmospheric pressure (about 14.7 psi). SEASOFT subtracts 14.7 psi from computed pressure above automatically. Pressure sensor calibrations against a dead-weight piston gauge (Model 480DA, S/N 23906; Bundenberg Gauge Co. Ltd., Irlam, Manchester, UK) are performed at JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan by Marine Works Japan. LTD (MWJ), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, usually once in a year in order to monitor sensor time drift and linearity. The pressure sensor drift is known to be primarily an offset drift at all pressures rather than a change of span slope. The pressure sensor hysterisis is typically 0.2 dbar. The following coefficients for the sensor drift correction were also used in SEASOFT: S/N 0677, 8 September 2005 slope = 0.9998495 offset = -0.49595 The drift-corrected pressure is computed as Drift-corrected pressure (dbar) = slope °- (computed pressure in ) + offset Result of the pressure sensor calibration against the dead-weight piston gauge is shown in Figure 3.1.2. Time drift of the pressure sensor based on the offset and the slope of the calibrations is also shown in Figure 3.1.3. (4.2) Temperature (SBE 3) The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead in a stainless steel tube, providing a pressure-free measurement at depths up to 10,500 (6,800) meters by titanium (aluminum) housing. The sensor output frequency ranges from approximately 5 to 13 kHz corresponding to temperature from -5 to 35°C. The output frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the thermistor resistance, which controls the output of a patented Wien Bridge circuit. The thermistor resistance is exponentially related to temperature. The SBE 3 thermometer has a nominal accuracy of 1 mK, typical stability of 0.2 mK/month, and resolution of 0.2 mK at 24 samples per second. The premium temperature sensor, SBE 3plus, is a more rigorously tested and calibrated version of standard temperature sensor (SBE 3). A sensor is designated as an SBE 3plus only after demonstrating drift of less than 1 mK during a six-month screening period. In addition, the time response is carefully measured and verified to be 0.065 ± 0.010 seconds. Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following coefficients were used in SEASOFT: S/N 1464 (Leg.1: primary), 14 September 2005 g = 4.84384166e-03 h = 6.80721378e-04 i = 2.69562893e-05 j = 2.12657768e-06 f(0) = 1000.000 S/N 4216 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2 and 3: primary), 20 September 2005 g = 4.35983643e-03 h = 6.46128037e-04 i = 2.28907910e-05 j = 1.94862297e-06 f(0) = 1000.000 S/N 1525 (Leg.2 and 3: secondary), 14 September 2005 g = 4.84604175e-03 h = 6.75287460e-04 i = 2.65140918e-05 j = 2.12921574e-06 f(0) = 1000.000 Temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to Temperature (ITS-90) = 1/{g + h X [ln(f(0) / f)] + i X [ln^2(f(0)/f)] + j X [ln^3(f(0)/f)]} - 273.15 where f is the instrument frequency (kHz). Time drift of the SBE 3 temperature sensors based on the laboratory calibrations is shown in Figure 3.1.4. (4.3) Conductivity (SBE 4) The flow-through conductivity sensing element is a glass tube (cell) with three platinum electrodes to provide in-situ measurements at depths up to 10,500 meters. The impedance between the center and the end electrodes is determined by the cell geometry and the specific conductance of the fluid within the cell. The conductivity cell composes a Wien Bridge circuit with other electric elements of which frequency output is approximately 3 to 12 kHz corresponding to conductivity of the fluid of 0 to 7 S/m. The SBE 4 has a nominal accuracy of 0.0003 S/m, typical stability of 0.0003 S/m/month, and resolution of 0.00004 S/m at 24 samples per second. Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following coefficients were used in SEASOFT: S/N 1203 (Leg.1: primary), 15 September 2005 g = -4.05182265e+00 h = 4.93483365e-01 i = 9.77451923e-05 j = 2.18599851e-05 CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal) CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal) S/N 2854 (Leg.1: secondary, Leg.2: primary from X14_1 to 351_2, Leg.3: primary), 15 September 2005 g = -1.02631821e+01 h = 1.41526600e+00 i = -9.49444425e-06 j = 5.73270605e-05 CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal) CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal) S/N 3124 (Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to 197_1), 8 November 2005 g = -1.02907974e+01 h = 1.38692851e+00 i = -8.89254353e-05 j = 8.59164344e-05 CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal) CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal) S/N 3036 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 197_1), 23 September 2005 g = -1.03246469e+01 h = 1.42860596e+00 i = 3.40735271e-04 j = 4.76172694e-05 CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal) CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal) S/N 3116 (Leg.2: secondary from X14_1 to 351_2, Leg.3: secondary), 8 November 2005 g = -1.04289250e+01 h = 1.43335621e+00 i = 4.35984135e-04 j = 3.98255096e-05 CPcor = -9.57e-08 (nominal) CTcor = 3.25e-06 (nominal) Conductivity of a fluid in the cell is expressed as: C(S/m) = (g + h X f^2 + i X f^3 + j X f^4)/[10(1 + CTcor X t + CPcor ] where f is the instrument frequency (kHz), t is the water temperature (°C) and p is the water pressure (dbar). The value of conductivity at salinity of 35, temperature of 15°C (IPTS-68) and pressure of 0 dbar is 4.2914 S/m. (4.4) Oxygen (SBE 43) The SBE 43 oxygen sensor uses a Clark polarographic element to provide in- situ measurements at depths up to 7,000 meters. Calibration stability is improved by an order of magnitude, and pressure hysterisis is largely eliminated in the upper ocean (1,000 m) compared with the previous oxygen sensor (SBE 13). Continuous polarization eliminates wait-time for stabilization after power-up. Signal resolution is increased by on-board temperature compensation. The oxygen sensor is also included in the path of pumped sea water. The oxygen sensor determines dissolved oxygen concentration by counting the number of oxygen molecules per second (flux) that diffuse through a membrane, where the permeability of the membrane to oxygen is a function of temperature and ambient pressure. Computation of dissolved oxygen in engineering units is done in SEASOFT software. The range for dissolved oxygen is 120% of surface saturation in all natural waters, nominal accuracy is 2% of saturation, and typical stability is 2% per 1,000 hours. Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following coefficients were used in SEASOFT: S/N 0391 (Leg.1: primary, Leg.2: primary from 146_2 to WC7), 18 October 2005 Soc = 0.35440 Offset = -0.4919 TCor = 0.0013 PCor = 1.350e-04 S/N 0488 (Leg.1: secondary), 11 October 2005 Soc = 0.58120 Offset = -0.6959 TCor = -0.0004 PCor = 1.350e-04 S/N 0390 (Leg.2: primary from WC8 to 351_2, Leg.3: primary), 18 October 2005 Soc = 0.3877 Offset = -0.5151 TCor = 0.0012 PCor = 1.350e-04 S/N 0394 (Leg.2: secondary from 146_2 to 283_1, Leg.3: secondary), 1 July 2005 Soc = 0.3629 Offset = -0.5220 TCor = 0.0020 PCor = 1.350e-04 S/N 0205 (Leg.2: secondary from 285_1 to 351_2), 10 May 2005 Soc = 0.4131 Offset = -0.4688 TCor = -0.0009 PCor = 1.350e-04 Oxygen (ml/l) is computed as Oxygen(ml/l) = {Soc X (v + Offset)} X exp(TCor X t + PCor X p) X Oxsat(t,s) Oxsat(t, s) = exp[A1 + A2 X (100/t) + A3 X ln(t/100) + A4 X (t/100) + s X {B1 + B2 X (t/100) + B3 X (t/100) X (t/100)}] A(1) = -173.4292 A(2) = 249.6339 A(3) = 143.3483 A(4) = -21.8482 B(1) = -0.033096 B(2) = -0.00170 where p is pressure in dbar, t is absolute temperature, and s is salinity in psu. Oxsat is oxygen saturation value minus the volume of oxygen gas (STP) absorbed from humidity-saturated air. Serial number 0488 is used in SBE's research for oxygen sensor membranes. This sensor has a membrane that is thicker than production SBE 43s. This thicker membrane will cause the sensor to respond more slowly than standard SBE 43s but it may be more stable. The field performance of this sensor is examined in the leg.1. (4.5) Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer (SBE 35) is an accurate, ocean-range temperature sensor that can be standardized against Triple Point of Water and Gallium Melt Point cells and is also capable of measuring temperature in the ocean to depths of 6,800 m. Temperature is determined by applying an AC excitation to reference resistances and an ultrastable aged thermistor with a drift rate of less than 0.001 °C/year. Each of the resulting outputs is digitized by a 20-bit A/D converter. The reference resistor is a hermetically sealed, temperature- controlled VISHAY. The switches are mercury wetted reed relays with a stable contact resistance. AC excitation and ratiometric comparison using a common processing channel removes measurement errors due to parasitic thermocouples, offset voltages, leakage currents, and gain errors. Maximum power dissipated in the thermistor is 0.5 μwatts, and contributes less than 200 μK of overheat error. The SBE 35 communicates via a standard RS-232 interface at 300 baud, 8 bits, no parity. The SBE 35 can be used with the SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler and SBE 911plus CTD system. The SBE 35 makes a temperature measurement each time a bottle fire confirmation is received, and stores the value in EEPROM. Calibration coefficients stored in EEPROM allow the SBE 35 to transmit data in engineering units. Commands can be sent to SBE 35 to provide status display, data acquisition setup, data retrieval, and diagnostic test by using terminal software. Following the methodology used for standards-grade platinum resistance thermometers (SPRT), calibration of the SBE 35 is accomplished in two steps. The first step is to characterize and capture the non-linear resistance vs temperature response of the sensor. The SBE 35 calibrations are performed at SBE, Inc., in a low-gradient temperature bath and against ITS-90 certified SPRTs maintained at Sea-Bird's primary temperature metrology laboratory. The second step is frequent certification of the sensor by measurements in thermodynamic fixedpoint cells. Triple point of water (TPW) and gallium melt point (GaMP) cells are appropriate for the SBE 35. The SBE 35 resolves temperature in the fixed-point cells to approximately 25 μK. Like SPRTs, the slow time drift of the SBE 35 is adjusted by a slope and offset correction to the basic non-linear calibration equation. Pre-cruise sensor calibrations were performed at SBE, Inc. The following coefficients were stored in EEPROM: S/N 0022 (Leg.1 and 2), 12 October 1999 (1st step: linearization) a(0) = 4.320725498e-3 a(1) = -1.189839279e-3 a(2) = 1.836299593e-3 a(3) = -1.032916769e-5 a(4) = 2.225491125e-7 S/N 0045 (Leg.3), 27 October 2002 (1st step: linearization) a(0) = 5.84093815e-03 a(1) = -1.65529280e-03 a(2) = 2.37944937e-04 a(3) = -1.32611385e-05 a(4) = 2.83355203e-07 Linearized temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to Linearized temperature (ITS-90) = 1/{a0 + a1 X [ln(n)] + a2 X [ln2(n)] + a3 X [ln3(n)]+ a4 X [ln4(n)]} - 273.15 where n is the instrument output. Then the SBE 35 is certified by measurements in thermodynamic fixed-point cells of the TPW (0.0100°C) and GaMP (29.7646°C). The slow time drift of the SBE 35 is adjusted by periodic recertification corrections. S/N 0022 (Leg.1 and 2), 30 September 2005 (2nd step: fixed point calibration) Slope = 1.000036 Offset = 0.000151 S/N 0045 (Leg.3), 3 October 2005 (2nd step: fixed point calibration) Slope = 1.000013 Offset = -0.001084 Temperature (ITS-90) is calibrated according to Temperature (ITS-90) = Slope X Linearized temperature + Offset The SBE 35 has a time constant of 0.5 seconds. The time required per sample = 1.1 °- NCYCLES + 2.7 seconds. The 1.1 seconds is total time per an acquisition cycle. NCYCLES is the number of acquisition cycles per sample. The 2.7 seconds is required for converting the measured values to temperature and storing average in EEPROM. Root mean square (rms) temperature noise for a SBE 35 in a Triple Point of Water cell is typically expressed as 82 / NCYCLES1/2 in μK. In this cruise NCYCLES was set to 4 and the rms noise is estimated to be 0.04 mK. When using the SBE 911 system with SBE 35, the deck unit receives incorrect signal from the under water unit for confirmation of firing bottle #16. In order to correct the signal, a module (Yoshi Ver. 1; EMS Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan) was used between the under water unit and the deck unit. Time drift of the SBE 35 based on the fixed point calibrations is shown in Figure 3.1.5. (4.6) Altimeter Benthos PSA-916T Sonar Altimeter (Teledyne Benthos, Inc.) determines the distance of the target from the unit by generating a narrow beam acoustic pulse and measuring the travel time for the pulse to bounce back from the target surface. The PSA-916T is the same as the standard PSA-916 Sonar Altimeter except it is housed in a corrosion-resistant titanium pressure case. It is O-ring-sealed and rated for operation in water depths up to 10,000 meters. In this unit, a 250 microseconds pulse at 200 kHz is transmitted 5 times in a second. The PSA-916T uses the nominal speed of sound of 1,500 m/s. Thus the unit itself, neglecting variations in the speed of sound, can be considered accurate to 5% or 0.1 meter, whichever is greater. In the PSA-916T the jitter of the detectors is approximately 5 microseconds or ± 0.4 cm total distance. Since the total travel time is divided by two, the jitter error is ±0.2 cm. The following scale factors were used in SEASOFT: S/N 1100, S/N 1157 FSVolt X 300/FSRange = 15 Offset = 0.0 (4.7) Oxygen Optode Oxygen Optode 3830 (Aanderaa Instruments AS) is based on the ability of selected substances to act as dynamic fluorescence quenchers. The fluorescent indicator is a special platinum porphyrine complex embedded in a gas permeable foil that is exposed to the surrounding water. A black optical isolation coating protects the complex from sunlight and fluorescent particles in the water. This sensing foil is attached to a sapphire window providing optical access for the measuring system from inside watertight titanium housing. The foil is excited by modulated blue light, and the phase of a returned red light is measured. By linearizing and temperature compensating, with an incorporated temperature sensor, the absolute O2 concentration can be determined. In order to use with the SBE 911plus CTD system, an analog adaptor (3966) is connected to the oxygen optode (3830). The analog adaptor is packed into titanium housing made by Alec Electronics Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan (Figure 3.1.6). The sensor is designed to operate down to 6,000 meters and the titanium housing for the analog adaptor is designed to operate down to 7,000 meters. The range for dissolved oxygen is 120% of surface saturation in all natural waters, nominal accuracy is less than 5% of saturation, and setting time (68%) is shorter than 25 seconds. The following scale factors were used in SEASOFT: S/N 612 Phase shift (degrees) = V(p) X 12 + 10 Temperature (°C) = V(t) X 9 - 5 where V(p) and V(t) are voltage output (V) of phase shift and temperature, respectively. Each batch of sensing foils is delivered with calibration data describing the behavior with respect to oxygen concentration and temperature. Foil batch No. 4104 (S/N 612), 13 November 2004 C0Coef(0) = 3.199840e+3 C0Coef(1) = -1.119634e+2 C0Coef(2) = 2.408296 C0Coef(3) = -2.248740e-2 C1Coef(0) = -1.744936e+2 C1Coef(1) = 5.462500 C1Coef(2) = -1.244084e-1 C1Coef(3) = 1.239153e-3 C2Coef(0) = 3.941711 C2Coef(1) = -1.086677e-1 C2Coef(2) = 2.719394e-3 C2Coef(3) = -2.906343e-5 C3Coef(0) = -4.220910e-2 C3Coef(1) = 1.018155e-3 C3Coef(2) = -2.905609e-5 C3Coef(3) = 3.306610e-7 C4Coef(0) = 1.738870e-4 C4Coef(1) = -3.637668e-6 C4Coef(2) = 1.227403e-7 C4Coef(3) = -1.468399e-9 Temperature dependent coefficients are calculated as follows. C0Coef = C0Coef(0) + C0Coef(1) X t + C0Coef(2) X t2 + C0Coef(3) X t^3 C1Coef = C1Coef(0) + C1Coef(1) X t + C1Coef(2) X t2 + C1Coef(3) X t^3 C2Coef = C2Coef(0) + C2Coef(1) X t + C2Coef(2) X t2 + C2Coef(3) X t^3 C3Coef = C3Coef(0) + C3Coef(1) X t + C3Coef(2) X t2 + C3Coef(3) X t^3 C4Coef = C4Coef(0) + C4Coef(1) X t + C4Coef(2) X t2 + C4Coef(3) X t^3 where t is temperature (°C). The oxygen concentration can be calculated by use of the following formula. O2 (μmol/l) = C0Coef + C1Coef X P + C2Coef X P^2 + C3Coef X P^3 + C4Coef X P^4 where P is phase shift (degrees) measured by the Optode. In addition to the above mentioned coefficient, phase measurement is calibrated for individual sensor and foil variations by a two point calibration (one in air saturated water and one in a zero-oxygen solution). P = A + B X P(b) where P is a calibrated phase shift (degrees) and P(b) is a raw phase measurement. The coefficients A and B can be calculated by ordinary linear curve fitting and is delivered. S/N 612, 20 September 2005 A = -3.00536 B = 1.11847 Outputs from the sensor are the raw phase shift (P(b)) and temperature. The raw phase data was calibrated using above coefficients after data acquisition. The oxygen concentration was calculated using temperature data from the first responding CTD temperature sensor instead of temperature data from slow responding optode temperature sensor. Since the sensing foil is only permeable to gas and not water, the optode can not sense the effect of salt dissolved in the water, hence the optode always measures as if immersed in fresh water. Therefore the oxygen concentration, μmol/l, was multiplied by the following factor. exp{S(B(0) + B(1) X T(S) + B(2) X TS^2 + B(3) X TS^3) + C(0) X S^2} where S is salinity, T(S) is scaled temperature (= ln{(298.15 - t)/(273.15 + t)}), t is temperature (°C), B(0) = -6.24097e-3 B(1) = -6.93498e-3 B(2) = -6.90358e-3 B(3) = -4.29155e-3 C(0) = -3.11680e-7 The response of the sensing foil decreases to some extent with the ambient water pressure. Therefore the oxygen concentration was multiplied by the following factor. (1 + 0.03 X P(r)/1000) where P(r) is pressure in dbar. This factor (0.03) is empirically determined and different from that in the user's manual. (The factor was changed as 0.032 after analyzing the data obtained in this cruise.) (5) Data collection and processing (5.1) Data collection CTD measurements were made by using a SBE 9plus equipped with two pumped temperature-conductivity (TC) sensors. The TC pairs were monitored to check drift and shifts by examining the differences between the two pairs. A dissolved oxygen sensor was placed between the primary conductivity sensor module and the pump. Auxiliary sensors included Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer, altimeter and oxygen optode. The SBE 9plus was mounted horizontally in a 36-position carousel frame. CTD system was powered on at least 30 minutes in advance of the data acquisition and was powered off at least two minutes after the operation in order to acquire pressure data on the ship's deck. The package was lowered into the water from the starboard side and held 10 m beneath the surface for about one minute in order to activate the pump. After the pump was activated, the package was lifted to the surface and lowered at a rate of 1.0 m/s to 200 m (or 300 m when significant wave height is high) then the package was stopped in order to operate the heave compensator of the crane. The package was lowered again at a rate of 1.2 m/s to the bottom. The position of the package relative to the bottom was monitored by the altimeter reading. Also the bottom depth was monitored by the SEABEAM multi-narrow beam sounder on board. For the up cast, the package was lifted at a rate of 1.1 m/s except for bottle firing stops. At each bottle firing stops, the bottle was fired after waiting from the stop for 30 seconds and the package was stayed at least 5 seconds for measurement of the Deep Ocean Standards Thermometer. At 200 m (or 300 m) from the surface, the package was stopped in order to stop the heave compensator of the crane. Water samples were collected using a 36-bottle SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler with 12-litre Nisken-X bottles. Before a cast taken water for CFCs, the 36- bottle frame and Niskin-X bottles were wiped with acetone. The SBE 11plus deck unit received the data signal from the CTD. Digitized data were forwarded to a personal computer running the SEASAVE data acquisition software. Temperature, conductivity, salinity, oxygen and descent rate profiles were displayed in real-time with the package depth and altimeter reading. Differences in temperature, salinity and oxygen between primary and secondary sensor were also displayed in order to monitor the status of the sensors. Data acquisition software SEASAVE-Win32, version 5.27b (5.2) Data collection problems Leg.1: At following stations, trigger of the bottle was not released. Therefore the latch assembly was replaced after the cast. 33_1 (#12), 51_1 (#28), 116_1 (#36) At station 38_1, bottle #19 did not trip correctly. It was found by temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch assembly was replaced after the cast. At station 51_1, bottle #26 was not fired by missed operation. After station 51_1, bottle #15 was changed from S/N X12006 to S/N X12009 due to frequent leak. At following stations, output from the sensor showed abnormal values. 94_1, secondary sensors, 32-96 dbar (down cast) 114_1, secondary conductivity, 1,192-2,546 dbar (down cast) 118_1, primary conductivity, 1,391-1,438 dbar (down cast) Leg.2: At following stations, trigger of the bottle was not released. Therefore the latch assembly was replaced after the cast. X14_1 (#17), 201_1 (#17), 203_1 (#10), 217_2 (#28), 231_1 (#26), 322_1 (#18), 351_2 (#14) At following stations, bottle did not trip correctly. It was found by temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch assembly was replaced after the cast. WC5_1 (#8), 291_1 (#20), 351_2 (21) At following stations, bottle did not trip correctly. It was found by sampled water analysis. 185_1 (#17): The latch assembly was replaced after station 195_1. WC2_1 (#1): The latch assembly was replaced after station WC5_1. 357_1 (#17): The bottle tripped before firing the bottle. At station 217_2, bottle #36 was not fired by missed operation. After station 267_1, bottle #23 was changed from S/N X12043 to S/N X12005. At following stations, output from the sensor showed abnormal values. 146_2, secondary sensors 148_1, secondary sensors WC7_1, primary sensors 328_1, primary sensors, 0-1,106 dbar (up cast), Jellyfish in primary TC duct At station 299_1, the deck unit fuzed at 2,790 dbar of up cast. The system was re-started at the depth. At station 347_1, system error occurred at 2,743-2,744 dbar of up cast by unknown reason. For primary oxygen sensor S/N 0391, noise became large near surface (0-400 dbar) compared to the data obtained from the same sensor in leg 1. The sensor was bleached after stations 171_1, 209_1 and WC6_1. Noise became large again although it was improved after bleaching. After station 197_1, the primary conductivity sensor was changed from S/N 3124 to S/N 2854, and the secondary conductivity sensor was also changed from S/N 3036 to S/N 3116, due to large time drift. After station WC7_1, the primary oxygen sensor was changed from S/N 0391 to S/N 0390 due to shift and noise. After station 283_1, the secondary oxygen sensor was changed from S/N 0394 to S/N 0205 due to small noise. But the noise was found in the secondary oxygen data after the sensor change as well. So the connecting cable for the secondary oxygen sensor after station 285_1. But the noise was found as well. At station 333_1, the connecting port was changed from AUX3 to AUX2 and the noise disappeared after that. Leg.3: At station 380_1, bottle #23 was not trip correctly. It was found by temperature reading at dissolved oxygen sampling. Therefore the latch assembly was replaced after the cast. (5.3) Data processing SEASOFT consists of modular menu driven routines for acquisition, display, processing, and archiving of oceanographic data acquired with SBE equipment, and is designed to work with a compatible personal computer. Raw data are acquired from instruments and are stored as unmodified data. The conversion module DATCNV uses instrument configuration and calibration coefficients to create a converted engineering unit data file that is operated on by all SEASOFT post processing modules. Each SEASOFT module that modifies the Converted data file adds proper information to the header of the converted file permitting tracking of how the various oceanographic parameters were obtained. The converted data is stored in rows and columns of ASCII numbers. The last data column is a flag field used to mark scans as good or bad. The following are the SEASOFT data processing module sequence and specifications used in the reduction of CTD data in this cruise. Data processing software SEASOFT-Win32, version 5.27b DATCNV converted the raw data to scan number, pressure, depth, temperatures, conductivities, oxygen voltage, descent rate, altitude, and optode phase shift. DATCNV also extracted bottle information where scans were marked with the bottle confirm bit during acquisition. The duration was set to 4.4 seconds, and the offset was set to 0.0 seconds. ROSSUM created a summary of the bottle data. The bottle position, date, and time were output as the first two columns. Scan number, pressure, depth, temperatures, conductivities, oxygen voltage, descent rate, altitude and optode phase shift were averaged over 4.4 seconds. And salinity, potential temperature, density (σθ) and oxygen were computed. ALIGNCTD converted the time-sequence of conductivity and oxygen sensor outputs into the pressure sequence to ensure that all calculations were made using measurements from the same parcel of water. For a SBE 9plus CTD with the ducted temperature and conductivity sensors and a 3,000-rpm pump, the typical net advance of the conductivity relative to the temperature is 0.073 seconds. So, the SBE 11plus deck unit was set to advance the primary and the secondary conductivity for 1.73 scans (1.75/24 = 0.073 seconds). Oxygen data are also systematically delayed with respect to depth mainly because of the long time constant of the oxygen sensor and of an additional delay from the transit time of water in the pumped plumbing line. This delay was compensated by 6 seconds advancing oxygen sensor output (oxygen voltage) relative to the temperature. For the serial number 0488 that have thicker membrane than standard SBE 43s, the delay was compensated by 14 seconds. Oxygen optode data are also delayed by relatively slow response time of the sensor. The delay was compensated by 8 seconds advancing optode sensor output (phase shift and optode temperature) relative to the CTD temperature. WILDEDIT marked extreme outliers in the data files. The first pass of WILDEDIT obtained an accurate estimate of the true standard deviation of the data. The data were read in blocks of 1,000 scans. Data greater than 10 standard deviations were flagged. The second pass computed a standard deviation over the same 1,000 scans excluding the flagged values. Values greater than 20 standard deviations were marked bad. This process was applied to all variables. CELLTM used a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects from the measured conductivity. Typical values used were thermal anomaly amplitude alpha = 0.03 and the time constant 1/beta = 7.0. FILTER performed a low pass filter on pressure with a time constant of 0.15 seconds. In order to produce zero phase lag (no time shift) the filter runs forward first then backwards. SECTION selected a time span of data based on scan number in order to reduce a file size. The minimum number was set to be the start time when the CTD package was beneath the sea-surface after activation of the pump. The maximum number was set to be the end time when the package came up from the surface. Data for estimation of the CTD pressure drift were prepared before SECTION. LOOPEDIT marked scans where the CTD was moving less than the minimum velocity of 0.0 m/s (traveling backwards due to ship roll). DERIVE was used to compute oxygen. BINAVG averaged the data into 1-dbar pressure bins. The center value of the first bin was set equal to the bin size. The bin minimum and maximum values are the center value plus and minus half the bin size. Scans with pressures greater than the minimum and less than or equal to the maximum were averaged. Scans were interpolated so that a data record exist every dbar. DERIVE was re-used to compute salinity, potential temperature, and density (σθ). SPLIT was used to split data into the down cast and the up cast. For stations from 146_2 to 331_1 in Leg.2, small noise was found in the secondary oxygen data because the sensor connected to the port of AUX3. Therefore the sensor output (voltage) was low-pass filtered with a time constant of 1 second at the same time of the low-pass filtering for the pressure data mentioned above. At following stations, the noise could not be removed completely from down cast profile data. X14_1: 5,650-5,800 dbar 201_1: 5,600-5,760 dbar 203_1: 5,710-5,850 dbar 205_1: 5,760-5,820 dbar 207_1: 5,660-5,860 dbar 213_1: 5,840-5,880 dbar 215_1: 5,750-5,920 dbar 217_1: 5,730-5,880 dbar Remaining spikes in salinity or oxygen data were manually eliminated from the raw data or the 1-dbaraveraged data. When number of data in the 1-dbar- pressure bin was less than 10, the data of the bin was not used. The data gap over 1-dbar was linearly interpolated with a quality flag of 6. For the oxygen optode data, the delay due to the long time constant was compensated by 8 seconds using the software module ALIGNCTD mentioned above. However it was found that the delay was dependent on temperature. So the delay was compensated advancing optode sensor output relative to the CTD temperature as a following function of temperature. align (sec) = 25 X exp(-0.13 X t) (for 0 ≤ t ≤ 16.3 °C) align (sec) = 25 (for t < 0 °C) align (sec) = 3 (for t > 16.3 °C) where t is CTD temperature (°C). (6) Post-cruise calibration Post-cruise calibration is basically performed for each leg. However the cruise period of Leg.2 is longer than usual (53 days). So the data of Leg.2 is divided into two periods for the post-cruise calibration. In this section the two periods are called as Leg.2a (from station 146_2 to WC10_1) and Leg. 2b (from station 217_2 to 351_2). (6.1) Pressure The CTD pressure sensor offset in the period of the cruise is estimated from the pressure readings on the ship deck. For best results the Paroscientific sensor has to be powered for at least 10 minutes before the operation and carefully temperature equilibrated. Therefore CTD system was powered on for 30 minutes in advance of the data acquisition (from 55_1, Leg.1). In order to get the calibration data for the pre- and post-cast pressure sensor drift, the CTD deck pressure is averaged over first and last one minute, respectively. Then the atmospheric pressure deviation from a standard atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi) is subtracted from the CTD deck pressure. The atmospheric pressure was measured at the captain deck (20 m high from the base line) and subsampled one-minute interval as a meteorological data. Time series of the CTD deck pressure is shown in from Figure 3.1.7 to Figure 3.1.10. The CTD pressure sensor offset is estimated from the deck pressure obtained above. Mean of the pre- and the post-casts data over the whole period gave an estimation of the pressure sensor offset from the pre-cruise calibration. Mean residual pressure between the dead-weight piston gauge and the calibrated CTD data at 0 dbar of the pre-cruise calibration is subtracted from the mean deck pressure. Estimated offset of the pressure data is summarized in Table 3.1.1. The post-cruise correction of the pressure data is not deemed necessary for the pressure sensor. TABLE 3.1.1. Offset of the pressure data. Mean and standard deviation are calculated from time series of the average of the pre- and the post-cast deck pressures. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Mean deck Standard Residual pressure Estimated offset Leg S/N Pressure (dbar) deviation (dbar) (dbar) (dbar) ------ ---- --------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- Leg.1 0677 -0.53 0.03 0.03 -0.56 Leg.2a 0677 -0.54 0.03 0.03 -0.57 Leg.2b 0677 -0.53 0.02 0.03 -0.56 Leg.3 0677 -0.49 0.02 0.03 -0.52 ______________________________________________________________________________________ (6.2) Temperature The CTD temperature sensors (SBE 3) were calibrated with the SBE 35 under the assumption that discrepancies between SBE 3 and SBE 35 data were due to pressure sensitivity, the viscous heating effect, and time drift of the SBE 3, according to a method by Uchida et al. (2007). Post-cruise sensor calibrations for the SBE 35 were performed at SBE, Inc. S/N 0022, 1 February 2006 (2nd step: fixed point calibration) Slope = 1.000034 Offset = 0.000038 S/N 0045, 21 February 2006 (2nd step: fixed point calibration) Slope = 1.000009 Offset = -0.001109 Offset of the SBE 35 (S/N 0022) data from the pre-cruise calibration is estimated to be 0.1 mK for temperature less than 4°C. So the post-cruise correction of the SBE 35 temperature data is not deemed necessary for the SBE 35. The CTD temperature is calibrated as Calibrated temperature = T - (c(0) - P + c(1) X t + c(2)) where T is CTD temperature in °C, P is pressure in dbar, t is time in days from pre-cruise calibration date of CTD temperature and c(0), c(1), and c(2) are calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation from the SBE 35 data. The MATLAB® function FMINSEARCH is used to determine the sets. The calibration is performed for the CTD data created by the software module ROSSUM. The deviation of CTD temperature from the SBE 35 temperature at depth shallower than 2,000 dbar is large for determining the coefficients with sufficient accuracy since the vertical temperature gradient is too large in the regions. So the coefficients are determined using the data for the depth deeper than 1,950 dbar. For Leg.3 the calibration coefficients determined for Leg.2b are used for the calibration because the maximum pressure of the CTD casts is shallower than 2,000 dbar in Leg.3. Finally following temperature data are used for the data set in consideration for the data quality. Leg.1: secondary (S/N 4216) except for 94_1 and 114_1 primary (S/N 1464) for 94_1 and 114_1 Leg.2: primary (S/N 4216) except for WC7_1 and 328_1 secondary (S/N 1525) for WC7_1 and 328_1 Leg.3: primary (S/N 4216) The number of data used for the calibration and the mean absolute deviation from the SBE 35 are listed in Table 3.1.2 and the calibration coefficients are listed in Table 3.1.3. The results of the post-cruise calibration for the CTD temperature are summarized in Table 3.1.4 and shown in from Figure 3.1.11 to Figure 3.1.17. TABLE 3.1.2. Number of data used for the calibration (pressure ≥ 1,950 dbar) and mean absolute deviation (ADEV) between the CTD temperature and the SBE 35. __________________________________________________________ Leg S/N Number of data ADEV (mK) Note ------ ---- -------------- --------- --------------- Leg.1 1464 976 0.10 for 94_1, 114_1 4216 976 0.10 Leg.2a 4216 672 0.12 1525 661 0.10 for WC7_1 Leg.2b 4216 1070 0.14 1525 1070 0.11 for 328_1 __________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.1.3. Calibration coefficients for the CTD temperature sensors. ______________________________________________________________ Leg S/N c(0)(°C/dbar) c(1)(°C/day) c(2)(°C) ------ ---- -------------- -------------- ---------- Leg.1 1464 -1.090e-7 1.3833e-5 -0.34e-3 4216 1.8917e-8 -4.1245e-6 0.55e-3 Leg.2a 4216 -3.9923e-9 -1.1221e-6 0.70e-3 1525 1.0202e-9 -5.4892e-6 0.84e-3 Leg.2b 4216 -7.2153e-9 1.0834e-5 -0.65e-3 1525 2.7008e-9 1.8342e-6 -0.07e-3 Leg.3 4216 Same as Leg.2b Same as Leg.2b Same as Leg.2b ______________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.1.4. Difference between the CTD temperature and the SBE 35 after the post-cruse calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) are calculated for the data below and above 1,950 dbar. Number of data used (Num) is also shown. ____________________________________________________________________ Pressure ≥ 1,950 dbar Pressure < 1,950 dbar Leg S/N Num Mean(mK) Sdev(mK) Num Mean mK) Sdev(mK) ------ ---- ---- -------- -------- ---- -------- -------- Leg.1 1464 976 -0.01 0.14 1392 -0.57 4.3 4216 976 -0.01 0.14 1392 -0.13 4.0 Leg.2a 4216 672 0.02 0.17 888 -0.04 4.6 1525 661 -0.00 0.17 872 0.16 5.5 Leg.2b 4216 1070 -0.00 0.18 1407 -0.11 4.3 1525 1070 -0.01 0.15 1421 -0.21 4.4 Leg.3 4216 - - - 332 -0.59 5.5 ____________________________________________________________________ (6.3) Salinity The discrepancy between the CTD salinity and the bottle salinity is considered to be a function of conductivity and pressure. The CTD salinity is calibrated as Calibrated salinity = S - (c(0) X P + c(1) X C + c(2) X C X P + c(3)) where S is CTD salinity, P is pressure in dbar, C is conductivity in S/m and c(0), c(1), c(2) and c(3) are calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation with a weight from the bottle salinity data. The MATLAB(R) function FMINSEARCH is used to determine the sets. The weight is given as a function of vertical salinity gradient and pressure as Weight = min[4, exp{log(4) X Gr/Grad}] X min[4, exp{log(4) X P2/PR2}] where Grad is vertical salinity gradient in PSU dbar-1, and P is pressure in dbar. Gr and PR are threshold of the salinity gradient (0.5 mPSU dbar^(-1)) and pressure (1,000 dbar), respectively. When salinity gradient is small (large) and pressure is large (small), the weight is large (small) at maximum (minimum) value of 16 (1). The salinity gradient is calculated using up-cast CTD salinity data. The up-cast CTD salinity data is low-pass filtered with a 3-point (weights are 1/4, 1/2, 1/4) triangle filter before the calculation. Finally salinity data derived from following conductivity sensor are used for the data set in consideration for the data quality. Leg.1: secondary (S/N 2854) except for 94_1 and 114_1 primary (S/N 1203) for 94_1 and 114_1 Leg.2: primary (S/N 3124 and S/N 2854) except for WC7_1 and 328_1 secondary (S/N 3116) for WC7_1 and 328_1 Leg.3: primary (S/N 2854) The CTD data created by the software module ROSSUM are used after the post- cruise calibration for the CTD temperature. The coefficients are determined for some groups of the CTD stations. The results of the post-cruise calibration for the CTD salinity are summarized in Table 3.1.5 and shown in from Figure 3.1.18 to Figure 3.1.21. And the calibration coefficients and the number of the data used for the calibration are listed in Table 3.1.6. TABLE 3.1.5. Difference between the CTD salinity and the bottle salinity after the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. Number of data used (Num) is also shown. ______________________________________________________________________ Leg Pressure ≥ 950 dbar Pressure < 950 dbar Num Mean(mPSU) Sdev(mPSU) Num Mean(mPSU) Sdev(mPSU) ------ ---- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- Leg.1 1320 0.01 0.32 1002 0.06 6.36 Leg.2a 920 -0.02 0.34 656 0.72 5.89 Leg.2b 1422 -0.02 0.36 1025 0.67 3.16 Leg.3 25 -0.04 0.41 296 -0.17 1.86 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.1.6. Calibration coefficients for the CTD salinity. Number of data used (Num) is also shown. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Stations (Num) C0 C1 C2 C3 ------------- ------ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------- Leg 1: 1_1-26_1 (275) -6.9332569403e-6 -1.7406138415e-3 2.1616864848e-6 7.4450762843e-3 28_1-44_1 (298) -1.2804422689e-6 -9.1223600910e-4 3.6879791066e-7 5.1074521112e-3 46_1-73_1 (512) 3.6529672450e-7 -2.3847830676e-4 -1.4495159805e-7 3.1629438129e-3 94_1, 114_1 (65) 2.7703624740e-6 6.1243709126e-5 -8.2572575661e-7 4.0659912660e-3 74_1-104_1 (543) 1.8730171701e-6 -1.4227773847e-4 -6.2019187422e-7 3.2067999773e-3 106_1-146_1 (629) -6.1266343657e-7 -3.3024724989e-4 1.6374587979e-7 3.8794661715e-3 Leg 2a: 146_2 (32) -1.3534051256e-6 2.6822634099e-4 4.8090447234e-7 -1.7023616632e-3 148_1 (30) 2.8648089621e-6 7.9162918294e-4 -8.5229000985e-7 -4.1877005940e-3 150_1 (27) -6.3263920182e-6 5.6172055014e-4 2.1176194280e-6 -4.0658163232e-2 152_1-157_1 (96) -1.3932496449e-6 5.0002444812e-4 4.6572414581e-7 -4.3072082193e-3 159_1, 161_1 (62) 2.6431715417e-6 6.2244409716e-4 -8.1258089784e-7 -4.1441691258e-3 163_1-171_1 (161) 8.2248815256e-7 5.4513664671e-4 -2.1423403281e-7 -5.1979263905e-3 173_1-197_1 (437) 4.6490157041e-6 7.1901447939e-4 -1.4095235922e-6 -6.4071128225e-3 X14_1-217_1 (355) 4.5636737732e-6 -2.0954365226e-4 -1.4886356365e-6 3.3521757553e-3 WC7_1 (36) 2.3388948512e-6 -2.5405823909e-4 -6.8264841424e-7 2.6121348754e-3 WC0_1-WC10_1 (345) 4.4734717282e-6 -1.0524927421e-4 -1.4726908749e-6 3.5284312593e-3 Leg 2b: 217_2-223_1 (141) 8.1232759178e-6 -4.1703838739e-4 -2.5464247645e-6 3.8110914876e-3 225_1-241_1 (318) 3.1775413340e-6 -2.7641170222e-4 -9.9523713450e-7 3.5148018313e-3 243_1 (25) -5.5463302053e-6 -6.6347509786e-4 1.7271918177e-6 4.5585473787e-3 245_1-279_1 (660) 2.8847022900e-6 -3.3899298844e-4 -9.2783398683e-7 3.7937826601e-3 281_1-295_1 (271) 3.0443912104e-6 -1.5733314930e-4 -9.6264878196e-7 3.1990129886e-3 297_1-312_1 (184) -9.3159288381e-6 -4.9418235747e-4 2.9682608422e-6 3.7280395807e-3 328_1 (33) -1.5232103653e-6 -6.0491327964e-4 5.1646883670e-7 2.9111918302e-3 314_1-333_1 (315) 1.2037381315e-6 -2.1752035380e-4 -3.8674041433e-7 3.2959858445e-3 335_1-343_1 (130) -2.0392893584e-7 -1.8946836643e-4 6.4501351565e-8 2.7992069617e-3 345_1-351_1 (134) 2.7127042547e-6 -2.3311048294e-5 -8.6986291755e-7 2.5838371732e-3 369_1-257_1 (136) 8.7957026329e-7 1.1423193230e-4 -2.8274598494e-7 1.8615333187e-3 355_1-351_2 (105) 3.6018768105e-6 -1.6276726098e-4 -1.1078997582e-6 2.8866166830e-3 Leg 3: 370_1-TS1_1 (321) 3.6800065006e-6 -6.9694450581e-5 -1.1545267726e-6 2.4027579868e-3 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ (6.4) Oxygen (SBE 43) The CTD oxygen is calibrated using the oxygen model as Calibrated oxygen (ml/l) = {(Soc + dSoc) X {v + offset + doffset} X exp{(TCor + dTCor) X t + (PCor+dPCor) X p}} X Oxsat(t, s) where p is pressure in dbar, t is absolute temperature and s is salinity in psu. Oxsat is oxygen saturation value minus the volume of oxygen gas (STP) absorbed from humidity-saturated air. Soc, offset, TCor and PCor are the pre- cruise calibration coefficients and dSoc, doffset, dTCor and dPCor are calibration coefficients. The best fit sets of coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation with a weight from the bottle oxygen data. The MATLAB® function FMINSEARCH is used to determine the sets. The weight is given as a function of vertical oxygen gradient and pressure as Weight = min[4, exp{log(4) X Gr/Grad}] X min[4, exp{log(4) X P2 / PR2}] where Grad is vertical oxygen gradient in μmol kg-1 dbar-1, and P is pressure in dbar. Gr and PR are threshold of the oxygen gradient (0.3 μmol kg-1 dbar-1) and pressure (1,000 dbar), respectively. When oxygen gradient is small (large) and pressure is large (small), the weight is large (small) at maximum (minimum) value of 16 (1). The oxygen gradient is calculated using down-cast CTD oxygen data. The down-cast CTD oxygen data is low-pass filtered with a 3- point (weights are 1/4, 1/2, 1/4) triangle filter before the calculation. Finally oxygen data derived from following oxygen sensor are used for the data set in consideration for the data quality. Leg.1: primary (S/N 0391) Leg.2: primary (S/N 0391) for 146_2 and 148_1 secondary (S/N 0394) from 150_1 to WC8_1 primary (S/N 0390) from WC9_1 to 351_2 Leg.3: primary (S/N 0390) The down-cast CTD data sampled at same density of the up-cast CTD data created by the software module ROSSUM are used after the post-cruise calibration for the CTD temperature and salinity. The coefficients are basically determined for each station. Some stations, especially for shallow stations, are grouped for determining the calibration coefficients. The results of the post-cruise calibration for the CTD oxygen are summarized in Table 3.1.7 and shown in from Figure 3.1.22 to Figure 3.1.5.19. And the calibration coefficients and number of the data used for the calibration are listed in Table 3.1.8. TABLE 3.1.7. Difference between the CTD oxygen and the bottle oxygen after the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. Number of data used (Num) is also shown. _________________________________________________________________ Pressure ≥ 950 dbar Pressure < 950 dbar Mean Sdev Mean Sdev Leg Num (μmol/kg) (μmol/kg) Num (μmol/kg) (μmol/kg) ------ ---- --------- --------- ---- --------- -------- Leg.1 1325 -0.04 0.65 1006 0.05 3.58 Leg.2a 925 0.04 0.66 643 0.08 2.94 Leg.2b 1419 -0.03 0.91 1012 0.07 2.54 Leg.3 25 -0.10 0.33 295 -0.03 2.23 _________________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.1.8. Calibration coefficient for the CTD oxygen. Number of data used (Num) is also shown. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Stations (Num) dSoc dTCor dPCor doffset ------------- ----- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- Leg 1: 1_1-16_1 (136) 2.8411653261e-4 1.1157544479e-3 2.7913096082e-6 -1.2818258956e-3 18_1 (28) 4.2389172171e-3 6.5527402402e-4 -2.9529810502e-6 2.0664010586e-3 20_1 (27) 5.9072097463e-3 5.9612891352e-4 -3.1353113762e-8 -4.4323898789e-2 22_1 (28) 1.4921406865e-2 -6.5325808935e-4 -4.4711358817e-6 -7.6317176255e-3 24_1 (28) 1.9502900984e-2 -1.2552442883e-3 -7.9727251405e-6 -6.3244004082e-3 26_1 (28) 6.6080225258e-3 1.3348273077e-3 201080044441e-6 -6.9442801869e-3 28_1 (31) 2.3907902710e-3 1.3980340097e-3 2.0147433243e-6 -9.6097019240e-4 30_1 (30) 3.8642832072e-3 1.1394308990e-3 1.2625937853e-6 4.5201954492e-4 31_1, 33_1 (58) 1.7756937413e-2 -2.8662753525e-4 -2.3286171688e-6 -1.1730133444e-2 34_1 (30) 1.1671470168e-2 6.0064381700e-4 -2.9265249203e-6 2.3737334951e-4 36_1 (30) 1.4742805723e-2 3.5139798210e-4 -3.8078312299e-6 -3.4660381192e-3 38_1 (29) 1.7756937413e-2 -2.8662753525e-4 -2.0696816014e-6 -1.0350116601e-2 40_1 (31) 1.3605434044e-2 2.6150325230e-4 -2.2558010990e-6 -2.7140487884e-3 42_1 (32) 1.3966404403e-2 3.5366741890e-4 4.1330466301e-7 -1.1009394537e-2 44_1 (30) 1.3481142712e-2 6.4280517854e-4 1.4713187709e-6 -1.2103442471e-2 46_1 (32) 4.4694794291e-3 1.4883454168e-3 2.3644833952e-6 1.5721113166e-3 48_1 (32) 1.1130737563e-2 4.8450882920e-4 -1.6510862104e-6 1.4630265046e-3 50_1 (31) 8.4763091288e-3 1.0883086434e-4 9.1712758329e-7 -5.5864118041e-4 51_1 (32) 1.4944199059e-2 2.450697776e-4 -2.8283437473e-6 1.4945106511e-4 53_1 (32) 1.3910303466e-2 3.4172740013e-4 -1.3691189313e-6 -2.1255254705e-3 55_1 (32) 6.8014008640e-3 1.1531861650e-3 -2.0020125795e-6 1.1410714798e-3 56_1 (33) 1.2517626809e-2 8.1108907052e-4 3.7872190066e-7 -4.5176222009e-3 58_1 (33) 1.6319792743e-2 3.8367617062e-4 -9.3400247948e-7 -6.9070472175e-3 X17_1 (33) 1.7087246890e-2 2.5018727097e-4 -7.9854470212e-7 -7.8186395031e-3 62_1 (31) 1.8545518133e-2 8.4758872479e-5 -5.9882240024e-7 -1.0094825871e-2 64_1 (30) 2.1132916026e-2 -8.4524534367e-5 -1.8460928672e-7 -1.2676220107e-2 66_1 (32) 1.1354464188e-2 8.7840649983e-4 -5.3989278862e-8 1.5023212549e-3 67_1 (33) 1.5723980896e-2 5.5818159188e-4 4.8707807680e-7 -7.7589769151e-3 69_1 (34) 1.4101372227e-2 6.0844509702e-4 -1.1537381876e-6 1.0970585001e-3 71_1 (31) 1.7080867016e-2 3.8066764603e-4 -2.7003763518e-6 4.3505332228e-4 73_1 (33) 1.9235850708e-2 1.8928766136e-4 -7.9818206862e-7 -8.6271606204e-3 74_1 (34) 2.4033941887e-2 -5.3761784646e-4 -3.0412762966e-6 -8.5162384097e-3 76_1 (32) 1.9596836070e-2 1.6094611647e-4 -1.2564144578e-6 -6.0789348597e-3 77_1 (33) 2.5097320053e-2 -4.4172670651e-4 -4.2140610212e-6 -7.5211666372e-3 79_1 (31) 1.8944841633e-2 2.2474686044e-4 -9.4559433507e-7 -6.4465271345e-3 81_1 (33) 1.0772193579e-2 1.0211573501e-3 3.5729065791e-6 -6.4587950227e-3 83_1 (34) 9.2558005344e-3 1.3835520827e-3 -5.3320326791e-7 1.2209320453e-2 84_1 (35) 1.3741033402e-2 1.0442928833e-3 9.8949469261e-7 -5.0156732118e-4 86_1 (35) 3.4387864975e-2 -1.1317622023e-3 -4.2790121263e-6 -1.5226899965e-2 88_1 (34) 1.7501150773e-2 9.6128641172e-4 6.1250499331e-7 -5.5100209139e-3 90_1 (35) 2.4016156189e-2 1.1568638088r-4 -1.9997467064r-6 -4.6192746234e-3 92_1 (36) 2.2801594002e-2 1.4456793205e-4 -7.9206640035e-7 -6.7082483172e-3 94_1 (34) 2.1276396902e-2 4.0236259781e-4 1.6423691110e-7 -5.0113968514e-3 96_1 (34) 1.7586577193e-2 9.5413105512e-4 5.3115223152e-7 1.9169914386e-4 96_1 (34) 2.3281206887e-2 3.6280206888e-4 -7.5538796215e-7 -4.6148055082e-3 100_1 (35) 1.9607360482e-2 8.1086209461e-4 1.0114462418e-6 -4.0591264022e-3 X16_1 (34) 2.4020184788e-2 2.4077815879e-4 -1.6624202265e-6 6.1994742333e-4 104_1 (34) 1.9301698049e-2 9.9716273877e-4 1.1292321372e-6 4.4486781074e-4 106_1 (33) 3.7074454439e-2 -7.0415113930e-4 -2.2511412520e-6 -1.7511769248e-2 108_1 (32) 3.1381730648e-2 -2.6022098343e-4 -3.3289196375e-6 -4.4506707340e-3 110_1 (31) 3.8740835013e-2 -6.7171847217e-4 -1.7338020698e-6 -2.0947323195e-2 112_1 (31) 2.9851343344e-2 1.3176980732e-4 2.3429241248e-6 -1.7478888940e-3 114_1 (31) 2.5236481375e-2 4.2515474628e-4 -2.8443737934e-7 -3.3852598730e-3 116_1 (29) 2.8182488833e-2 4.1209091055e-4 -1.1734305445e-6 -6.1207321567e-3 118_1 (29) 3.0966553786e-2 -1.8365152495e-4 -4.6695530525e-6 8.7521737225e-4 120_1 (31) 3.6079776583e-2 -4.4129565615e-4 -1.3487444647e-6 -1.5705749328e-2 122_1 (33) 2.4804654687e-2 5.5864425693e-4 -1.5070773420e-7 -1.8434122298e-3 124_1 (31) 3.0218657690e-2 -6.6105450515e-5 -3.8921825260e-6 1.5124071439e-3 126_1 (33) 1.9627772037e-2 1.0747655389e-3 -1.1455309895e-7 6.8614333372e-3 128_1 (33) 3.1751674249e-2 2.6634525634e-4 1.5207706274e-6 -1.8176807649e-2 130_1, 132_1 (59) 2.5135138070e-2 4.6264106890e-4 -1.3233400851e-6 3.2419344331e-4 134_1 (33) 3.6848282221e-2 -6.9629658189e-4 -5.0952357091e-6 -4.3672708315e-3 136_1 (29) 2.0365730703e-2 1.2968294124e-3 1.1796185243e-6 6.2962100557e-3 138_1 (32) 2.5925077770e-2 4.0679558181e-4 -2.2823266346e-6 4.8879748734e-3 140_1 (32) 3.1645148674e-2 1.7573498412e-4 -5.4619663287e-7 -8.6145005433e-3 142_1 (33) 3.8874259815e-2 -5.9068769855e-4 -5.1241960385e-6 -6.1837227227e-3 144_1 (33) 3.6412320564e-2 -3.4000701047e-4 -3.9279452812e-6 -4.9847908143e-3 146_1 (33) 2.2070939078e-2 9.4495827134e-4 -1.4157172415e-6 1.1513223600e-2 Leg 2a: 146_2 (25) 3.4314628587e-2 -9.3087500529e-4 -5.1774381094e-6 -1.5863348468e-3 148_1 (22) 3.2787911160e-2 -1.8951084925e-3 -3.3737557039e-6 -2.9190789136e-3 150_1-153_1 (64) 2.5939275226e-2 5.8341284881e-4 2.4271007242e-6 4.8524650166e-4 154_1-157_1 (58) 2.8993026397e-2 4.1358222390e-4 4.6262134422e-7 -3.8917174759e-3 159_1 (29) 2.3671436937e-2 6.0668908919e-4 -1.6050283868e-8 7.8797883704e-3 161_1 (33) 1.7959585689e-2 1.4591104937e-3 4.7421483103e-6 3.7108799009e-3 163_1 (32) 3.3039432219e-2 2.7056495638e-4 2.3740557128e-6 -9.3147770455e-3 165_1 (33) 4.2098350448e-2 -5.0218598391e-4 -2.8123331458e-6 -4.8009569225e-3 167_1 (33) 3.7764962871e-2 -6.0439598978e-5 -8.9579324600e-6 -5.3543364649e-3 169_1 (32) 2.3366472536e-2 1.5811519737e-3 3.7498971967e-6 6.9415934824e-3 171_1 (30) 3.2743285288e-2 7.8562913198e-4 2.5525877190e-6 -5.7288474494e-3 173_1 (32) 3.6955509296e-2 1.3047463430e-4 5.4386804400e-7 -4.3942727261e-3 175_1 (33) 4.0412229604e-2 -2.3744782362e-4 -6.7955266657e-7 -5.4708075570e-3 177_1 (32) 4.6038615178e-2 -6.5919437663e-4 -3.6095984231e-6 -4.6795688138e-3 179_1 (32) 4.7738138295e-2 -6.4931578091e-4 -3.4784044639e-6 -6.8768481257e-3 181_1 (33) 3.0680150470e-2 1.0156732020e-3 1.5896924638e-6 6.0376304730e-3 183_1 (33) 3.0927480026e-2 8.7281771302e-4 1.1434245322e-6 5.8615454707e-3 185_1 (33) 3.6961229943e-2 4.7267257934e-4 1.7753732215e-6 -2.0386870435e-3 187_1 (33) 4.4041803780e-2 -3.0653791419e-4 -4.9529632456e-7 -4.8585260781e-3 189_1 (35) 4.1230624896e-2 -2.3475304483e-4 -9.0027846510e-7 5.9346596474e-4 191_1 (35) 4.2873626830e-2 9.7286236144e-5 -8.4617114359e-7 -2.4650686939e-3 193_1 (36) 3.9442648834e-2 3.5370315306e-4 1.3825964189e-7 2.4706505339e-3 195_1 (35) 4.0231962682e-2 4.0194034466e-4 3.0879060666e-8 1.5214770553e-3 197_1 (35) 4.9305465420e-2 -4.1553546611e-4 -1.2071765611e-6 -5.2369019988e-3 X14_1 (35) 4.8649246131e-2 -2.3252931062e-4 1.1713381440e-6 -1.2685843191e-2 201_1 (35) 4.5284704927e-2 -8.2615636615e-5 -6.2012793313e-7 -7.1027511901e-4 203_1 (35) 4.7552939186e-2 -4.8590730975e-5 1.7025056715e-6 -1.0853698496e-2 205_1 (36) 4.3741241447e-2 2.5572741624e-4 -5.4911817903e-7 2.0157911802e-3 207_1 (36) 5.7273010477e-2 -8.4596838497e-4 -2.8849689879e-6 -7.8158037303e-3 209_1 (35) 5.3815950683e-2 -4.7418286785e-4 -5.3271208808e-7 -1.0658556788e-2 211_1 (35) 4.9668992028e-2 -3.3559334921e-4 -2.2789914830e-6 1.6589818767e-3 213_1 (36) 4.4632934294e-2 1.6278162093e-4 4.2187340843e-8 9.6870681172e-4 215_1 (36) 5.5441477813e-2 -5.5603708022e-4 -1.2903845758e-6 -9.1761021056e-3 217_1 (36) 4.4606439334e-2 7.9483025294e-4 2.0501362639e-6 -4.8188980107e-3 WC0_1 (32) 5.5269865276e-2 -4.7098937472e-4 -2.9910876150e-6 -1.5292206654e-3 WC1_1 (35) 7.5738327199e-2 -1.7994997437e-3 -3.0389895056e-6 -3.2843242964e-2 WC2_1 (34) 5.2966630242e-2 -4.1723074942e-4 -3.5368895693e-6 1.9405918433e-3 WC3_1 (36) 7.4004798635e-2 -1.8761873194e-3 -4.1685886695e-6 -2.4790244089e-2 WC4_1 (36) 5.0829528972e-2 -2.6199986394e-4 -1.4437585540e-6 -2.0612940486e-3 WC5_1 (35) 6.0278043794e-2 -8.2511933755e-4 -1.4142267198e-6 -1.4181791492e-2 WC6_1 (36) 6.1475221525e-2 -9.8736797630e-4 -3.5722125876e-6 -8.5024898299e-3 WC7_1 (36) 5.8888850329e-2 -8.1411320495e-4 -2.2600006743e-6 -9.1651772015e-3 WC8_1 (36) 5.2525433623e-2 -3.2445960541e-4 -1.3361085098e-6 -2.3393469061e-3 WC9_1 (36) 4.7383116804e-3 1.1773826217e-3 4.1229638265e-6 -4.5298972869e-3 WC10_1 (32) 1.8037240627e-2 1.1209367205e-4 -1.7493706458e-6 -6.8355346588e-3 Leg 2b: 217_2 (34) 1.3859683202e-2 8.7865744863e-4 2.1575656745e-6 -1.2261575788e-2 219_1 (36) 1.3074798332e-2 8.0970975722e-4 1.5084214045e-6 -5.4274390121e-3 221_1 (36) 2.3184695947e-2 -5.9719556684e-5 9.6208770650e-8 -1.4418283950e-2 223_1 (36) 2.4106582742e-2 -4.4805055833e-5 -2.2718214043e-6 -5.7829858128e-3 225_1 (36) 2.1266719121e-2 2.7658412180e-4 -2.3675746915e-6 -1.2249768897e-4 227_1 (36) 3.1227181589e-2 -6.0691044587e-4 -2.6756225964e-6 -1.1247862730e-2 229_1-23_1 (70) 2.4632852068e-2 2.0144398223e-4 -2.8192616115e-7 -9.3271646280e-3 233_1 (36) 2.5698457819e-2 4.4026259921e-5 -2.1031541932e-6 -4.2830342568e-3 X13_1 (36) 2.3670576933e-2 3.2769060768e-4 6.9031178357e-7 -1.0698361026e-2 237_1 (36) 1.8880629571e-2 2.3204631835e-4 -3.2461564835e-6 1.1038409710e-2 239_1 (36) 1.8186891316e-2 6.0112097624e-4 -1.4100636286e-6 5.1951553512e-3 241_1 (34) 1.9306988158e-2 7.1495272321e-4 -6.1293787337e-7 2.1737786791e-3 243_1 (25) 2.7452283092e-2 -1.1306367268e-5 -2.0174062086e-6 -7.2829365708e-3 245_1 (33) 2.8607681486e-2 -1.5693228943e-4 -1.6035097568e-6 -9.9751279706e-3 247_1 (35) 2.3406903498e-2 2.2634888584e-4 -1.2428838346e-6 2.8028712675e-3 249_1 (30) 2.4379344567e-2 1.7624386839e-4 -6.0417727965e-7 -4.7733548727e-3 251_1 (36) 3.5037057890e-2 -4.4864770263e-4 1.0101907361e-6 -2.4883695670e-2 253_1 (36) 2.4737209429e-2 6.5386249491e-5 -3.6891334773e-6 3.8676579842e-3 255_1 (36) 2.5204948867e-2 2.1148221671e-4 -1.6627604637e-6 -2.8852759960e-3 257_1 (35) 2.8147353031e-2 2.4518110139e-4 7.2327710002e-7 -1.4255861726e-2 259_1 (35) 2.5991896341e-2 2.6037276039e-4 -1.0456864393e-6 -5.5426444388e-3 261_1 (32) 2.2628837230e-2 7.5988075820e-4 -4.1655542103e-7 -2.7188889288e-3 263_1 (34) 1.9820650775e-2 5.3416060580e-4 -3.7524950179e-6 1.2251561256e-2 265_1 (35) 2.7649119002e-2 9.6611670814e-5 -3.3745623692e-6 1.8094666686e-4 267_1 (36) 2.5889555278e-2 2.3810926839e-4 -1.4902513772e-6 -3.1345608292e-3 269_1 (35) 2.1537866427e-2 5.7684341816e-4 -5.3150780999e-7 1.2250063549e-3 271_1 (34) 3.4828346976e-2 -5.6474346490e-4 -5.3330785639e-6 -3.1602764225e-3 273_1 (33) 2.6291484155e-2 5.7527391628e-4 8.1295727807e-7 -9.2704985927e-2 X10_1 (36) 3.5553664861e-2 -3.0585410534e-5 -2.8516682561e-7 -1.8883963792e-2 275_1 (36) 2.9512580596e-2 2.7084784103e-4 2.7658918385e-7 -1.3176498089e-2 277_1 (36) 3.2869124611e-2 -1.5631215638e-4 -3.0053837187e-6 -5.8748364848e-3 279_1 (36) 2.8614311784e-2 3.2363073786e-4 -1.2661986058e-6 -6.1863453418e-3 281_1 (36) 2.8390077921e-2 2.0887458832e-4 -3.4246497985e-6 1.0895303144e-4 283_1 (36) 3.3715138680e-2 -2.5486483162e-5 -1.3087010034e-6 -1.1668278730e-2 285_1 (35) 4.4223880210e-2 -9.6428011720e-4 -2.6560586416e-6 -2.1032712908e-2 287_1 (35) 2.6985592235e-2 3.9370057732e-4 -2.1485456457e-6 -1.2372384187e-4 289_1 (33) 3.1648346109e-2 1.0209081769e-4 -2.9449735995e-6 -5.1844643144e-3 291_1 (32) 2.1071386983e-2 9.6682327066e-4 8.6254878867e-7 4.0345079093e-4 293_1 (36) 2.8015344500e-2 4.3547755860e-4 -2.0634560709e-7 -8.0107976193e-3 295_1 (31) 2.1827713280e-2 8.3899007041e-4 -3.9382326997e-6 1.3688594235e-2 297_1-305_1 (105) 2.7773001546e-2 5.3712710561e-4 1.5328461785e-6 -6.4399478014e-3 306_1-312_1 (82) 2.8855216555e-2 4.0256345493e-4 -1.5020063602e-6 -2.9411348970e-3 314_1 (32) 2.8381615612e-2 5.1649089138e-4 -1.0137338402e-6 -4.7646204413e-3 316_1 (33) 2.7050171946e-2 1.1394910474e-3 1.8692788304e-6 -1.2415273138e-2 318_1 (33) 3.2008771737e-2 7.7384707595e-5 -4.6814092805e-6 2.0662254975e-4 X09_1 (29) 3.7365751198e-2 -3.6171414553e-4 -2.5528770211e-6 -1.1621187407e-2 322_1 (28) 3.1994634299e-2 3.4390392314e-4 -4.5403354019e-7 -1.0745791088e-2 324_1 (34) 3.3294243001e-2 4.4030381498e-5 -3.3439134505e-6 -5.4361571929e-3 326_1 (32) 3.5898295823e-2 -1.4000676176e-4 -3.2516563294e-6 -9.0008117504e-3 328_1 (33) 3.5788937582e-2 -2.3402600597e-5 -2.3402600597e-5 -9.3382310020e-3 329_1 (32) 4.2977005787e-2 -7.4179814417e-4 -3.9768295833e-6 -1.6326476855e-2 331_1 (31) 4.6514831613e-2 -1.0118166177e-3 -2.1244413320e-6 -2.4699312293e-2 333_1 (29) 3.1668688954e-2 3.1526164252e-4 -2.1655040828e-6 -5.4802508657e-3 335_1-339_1 (72) 2.8426491060e-2 7.0598619161e-4 -1.0388347171e-8 -3.9515056753e-3 341_1 (31) 2.9990461926e-2 5.1622503234e-4 -7.3588786235e-7 -6.3253881314e-3 343_1 (29) 3.0898134526e-2 4.8361719865e-4 -3.4659105792e-7 -7.8545493062e-3 347_1 (33) 3.6806813506e-2 -4.5030400280e-4 -2.9333374736e-6 -1.0612626829e-2 349_1 (36) 3.2716863609e-2 6.1559624613e-4 -3.2628342407e-6 -3.8115855611e-3 351_1 (36) 4.3360572024e-2 -6.0097470278e-4 -3.6958898061e-6 -1.5120605017e-2 369_1-359_1 (105) 3.0037218808e-2 4.5359665354e-4 -1.2846640466e-6 -4.3799960663e-3 357_1 (32) 3.4594812288e-2 -4.3505352461e-4 -3.3943737245e-6 -5.7232208372e-3 355_1 (36) 3.4943624686e-2 5.0034863107e-5 -1.2519124546e-6 -1.0984065650e-2 353_1,351_2 (69) 3.7404467500e-2 1.0345046957e-5 -1.3470606487e-6 -1.2981773806e-2 Leg 3: 370_1-TS1_1 (320) 3.8115006786e-2 4.4123814357e-4 2.1389358081e-7 -1.1949938654e-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ (6.5) Oxygen optode The optode oxygen is calibrated by the Stern-Volmer equation, according to a method by Uchida et al. (submitted manuscript): O2(μmol/l) = (τ(0)/τ - 1)/K(sv) where τ is decay time, τ(0) is decay time in the absence of oxygen and K(sv) is Stern-Volmer constant. The τ(0) and the Ksv are assumed to be functions of temperature as follows. K(sv) = C(11) + C(12) X t + C(13) X t2 τ(0) = C(21) + C(22) X t τ = C(31) + C(32) X P(b) where t is CTD temperature (°C) and P(b) is raw phase measurement (deg). The calibration coefficients (C(11), C(12), C(13), C(21), C(22), C(31), and C(32)) are determined for post-cruise calibration. The best fit sets of coefficients are determined by minimizing the sum of absolute deviation from the bottle oxygen data. The FORTRAN subroutine DMINF1 of the Scientific Subroutine Library II (Fujitsu Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan) is used to determine the sets. For compensation of the pressure response of the sensing foil, the oxygen concentration is multiplied by the following factor 1 + 0.032 X P(r)/1000, where P(r) is pressure in dbar. The calibration is performed for the up-cast phase data created by the software module ROSSUM after the post-cruise calibration for the CTD temperature and salinity. The calibration coefficients are determined for Leg.1 and Leg.2 to 3. The results of the post-cruise calibration for the optode oxygen are summarized in Table 3.1.9 and shown in from Figure 3.1.26 and Figure 3.1.5.21. And the calibration coefficients and number of the data used for the calibration are listed in Table 3.1.10. TABLE 3.1.9. Difference between the optode oxygen and the bottle oxygen after the post-cruise calibration. Mean and standard deviation (Sdev) are calculated for the data below and above 950 dbar. Number of data (Num) used is also shown. _________________________________________________________________ Pressure ≥ 950 dbar Pressure < 950 dbar Mean Sdev Mean Sdev Leg Num (μmol/kg) (μmol/kg) Num (μmol/kg) (μmol/kg) ------- ---- --------- --------- ---- --------- -------- Leg.1 1319 -0.11 0.38 1013 0.04 0.86 Leg.2/3 2365 -0.01 0.35 2004 -0.01 0.90 _________________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.1.10. Calibration coefficients for the optode oxygen. Number of data used (Num) for the calibration and mean absolute deviation (ADEV) between the optode oxygen and the bottle oxygen are also shown. ______________________________________________________ Leg.1 Num = 2332, ADEV = 0.41 μmol/kg -------- ----- ------------- C(11) = 3.05627e-3 C(12) = 1.40559e-4 C(13) = 2.14264e-6 C(21) = 61.1209 C(22) = 9.86981e-2 C(31) = -8.48263 C(32) = 1.10631 Leg.2/3 Num = 4369, ADEV = 0.45 μmol/kg -------- ----- ------------- C(11) = 2.85451e-3 C(12) = 1.30281e-4 C(13) = 2.00579e-6 C(21) = 61.6282 C(22) = 0.101157 C(31) = -7.42425 C(32) = 1.11110 ______________________________________________________ REFERENCES Uchida, H., K. Ohyama, S. Ozawa, and M. Fukasawa (2007): In-situ calibration of the Sea-Bird 9plus CTD thermometer, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. (in press) Uchida, H., T. Kawano, I. Kaneko, and M. Fukasawa: In-situ calibration of optode-based oxygen sensors, submitted to J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. (accepted) 3.2 BOTTLE SALINITY September 7, 2007 (1) Personnel Takeshi Kawano (JAMSTEC) Fujio Kobayashi (MWJ) Naoko Takahashi (MWJ) Tatsuya Tanaka (MWJ) (2) Objectives Bottle salinities were measured to compare with CTD salinities for identifying leaking bottles and for calibrating CTD salinities. (3) INSTRUMENT AND METHOD (3.1) Salinity Sample Collection The bottles in which the salinity samples are collected and stored are 250 ml Phoenix brown glass bottles with screw caps. Each bottle was rinsed three times with sample water and was filled to the shoulder of the bottle. The caps were also thoroughly rinsed. Salinity samples were stored more than 12 hours in the same laboratory as where the salinity measurement was made. (3.2) Instruments and Method The salinity analysis was carried out on Guildline Autosal salinometer model 8400B (S/N 62556), which was modified by attaching an Ocean Science International peristaltic-type sample intake pump and two Guildline platinum thermometers model 9450. One thermometer monitored an ambient temperature and the other monitored a bath temperature. The resolution of the thermometers was 0.001 degrees C. The measurement system was almost same as Aoyama et al (2003). The salinometer was operated in an air-conditioned laboratory of the ship at a bath temperature of 24 degrees C. An ambient temperature varied from approximately 19 degrees C to 24 degrees C, while a bath temperature was very stable and varied within +/- 0.002 degrees C on rare occasion. A measure of a double conductivity ratio of a sample is taken as a median of thirty-one reading. Data collection was started after 5 seconds and it took about 10 seconds to collect 31 readings by a personal computer. Data were sampled for the sixth and seventh filling of the cell for Leg.1 and the eighth and ninth filling for Leg.2 and Leg.3. In the case where the difference between the double conductivity ratio of this two fillings is smaller than 0.00002, the average value of the two double conductivity ratios is used to calculate the bottle salinity with the algorithm for practical salinity scale, 1978 (UNESCO, 1981). If the difference is greater than or equal to 0.00003, we measure another additional filling of the cell. In the case where the double conductivity ratio of the additional filling does not satisfy the criteria above, we measure two other fillings of the cell and the median of the double conductivity ratios of five fillings are used to calculate the bottle salinity. The measurement was conducted for about 10 to 18 hours per day (typically from 3:00 to 17:00) and the cell was cleaned with ethanol or soap or both after the measurement of the day. We measured more than 8,000 samples in total. (4) Preliminary Result (4.1) Stand Seawater Leg.1 Standardization control was set to 501 and all measurements were done by this setting. STNBY was 5517 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We used IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 0.99981 (double conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. We measured 117 bottles of P145 during routine measurement. There were 5 bad bottles which conductivities are extremely high. Data of these 5 bottles are not taken into consideration hereafter. Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the equation obtained by the least square method (solid lines). Correction for the double conductivity ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the drift (Figure 3.2.2). After correction, the average of double conductivity ratio became 1.99961 and the standard deviation was 0.00012, which is equivalent to 0.0002 in salinity. We added 0.00001 to the corrected measured double conductivity ratio. Leg.2 Standardization control was set to 474 before WIPE (Wake Islands passage Flux Experiment). STNBY was 5498 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We removed the conductivity cell and washed it thoroughly with soap. Then, standardization control was changed to 479. STNBY became 5501 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We used IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 0.99981 (double conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. We measured 54 bottles of P145 during routine measurement before WIPE and 109 bottles after WIPE. There were 2 bad bottles whose conductivities were extremely high. Data of these 2 bottles are not taken into consideration hereafter. Figure 3.2.3 shows the history of double conductivity ratio of the Standard Seawater batch P145. Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the equation obtained by the least square method (solid lines). Correction for the double conductivity ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the drift (Figure 3.2.4). After correction, the average of double conductivity ratio became 1.99962 and the standard deviation was 0.00012 before WIPE and 0.00011 after WIPE, those are equivalent to 0.0002 in salinity. We added 0.000021 before WIPE and 0.000012 after WIPE to the corrected measured double conductivity ratio. Leg.3 Standardization control was set to 484 and all the measurements were done by this setting. STNBY was 5505 ±0001 and ZERO was 0.00001 ±0.00001. We used IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P145 whose conductivity ratio was 0.99981 (double conductivity ratio is 1.99962) as the standard for salinity. We measured 25 bottles of P145 during routine measurement. Figure 3.2.5 shows the history of double conductivity ratio of the Standard Seawater batch P145. Drifts were calculated by fitting data from P145 to the equation obtained by the least square method (solid lines). Correction for the double conductivity ratio of the sample was made to compensate for the drift (Figure 3.2.6). After correction, the average of double conductivity ratio became 1.99962 and the standard deviation was 0.00014, which is equivalent to 0.0003 in salinity. We added 0.000004 to the corrected measured double conductivity ratio. (4.2) Sub-Standard Seawater We also used sub-standard seawater which was a deep-sea water filtered by pore size of 0.45 micrometer and was stored in a 20 liter cubitainer made of polyethylene and stirred for at least 24 hours before measuring. It was measured every six samples in order to check possible sudden drift of the salinometer. During the whole measurements, there was no detectable sudden drift of the salinometer. (4.3) Replicate and Duplicate Samples Leg.1 We took 435 pairs of replicate and 27 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 3.2.7 (a) and (b) shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each pair the replicate samples and that of the duplicate samples, respectively. There were 2 bad measurements in the replicate samples. Particularly, one of the pair was extremely high (more than 0.01in salinity). Excluding these bad measurements, the standard deviation of the absolute difference in 433 pairs of the replicate samples was 0.00017 in salinity and that in 27 pairs of the duplicate samples was 0.00032 in salinity. Leg.2 We took 668 pairs of replicate and 20 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 3.2.8 (a) and (b) shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each pair of the replicate samples and that of the duplicate samples, respectively. There were 3 questionable measurements in the replicate samples. Excluding these questionable measurements, the standard deviation of the absolute difference in 665 pairs of the replicate samples was 0.00017 in salinity and that in 20 pairs of the duplicate samples was 0.00025 in salinity. Leg.3 We took 48 pairs of replicate and 3 pairs of duplicate samples. Figure 3.2.9 shows the histogram of the absolute difference between each pair of the replicate samples. There was one bad (miss-trip) sample for duplicates. The standard deviation of the absolute difference of 48 pairs of the replicate samples was 0.00011 in salinity. The absolute differences in salinity between 2 duplicate samples were 0.0002 and 0.0007. The results of replicate samples were averaged and flagged as 6 in the seafile. REFERENCES Aoyama, M., T. Joyce, T. Kawano and Y. Takatsuki : Standard seawater comparison up to P129. Deep-Sea Research, I , Vol. 49, 1103~1114, 2002 UNESCO : Tenth report of the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards. UNESCO Tech. Papers in Mar. Sci ., 36, 25 pp., 198 3.3 BOTTLE OXYGEN May 1, 2007 (1) Personnel Yuichiro Kumamoto (JAMSTEC) Ikuo Kaneko (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) Keisuke Wataki (MWJ) Kimiko Nishijima (MWJ) Takuhei Shiozaki (MWJ) (2) Objectives Dissolved oxygen is one of significant tracers for ocean circulation study. Recent studies on the subarctic North Pacific indicated that dissolved oxygen concentration in intermediate layers decreased in basin wide scale during the past decades. The causes of the decrease, however, are still unclear. During MR05-05 Leg.1 (from 31-Oct-05 to 24-Nov-05), Leg.2 (from 27-Nov-05 to 17-Jan- 06), and Leg.3 (from 20-Jan-06 to 30-Jan-06), we measured dissolved oxygen concentration from surface to bottom layers at all the hydrocast stations along around 24°N. These stations were the reoccupation of the WHP-P03 stations in 1985. Our purpose is to evaluate change of dissolved oxygen in the subtropical North Pacific between 1985 and 2005/2006. (3) Reagents Pickling Reagent I: Manganous chloride solution (3 M) Pickling Reagent II: Sodium hydroxide (8 M) / sodium iodide solution (4 M) Sulfuric acid solution (5 M) Sodium thiosulfate (0.025 M) Potassium iodate (0.001667 M) CSK standard of potassium iodate: Lot ASE8281, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., 0.0100 N (4) Instruments Burette for sodium thiosulfate; APB-510 manufactured by Kyoto Electronic Co. Ltd./10 cm^3 of titration vessel Burette for potassium iodate; APB-410 manufactured by Kyoto Electronic Co. Ltd./20 cm^3 of titration vessel Detector; Automatic photometric titrator manufactured, Kimoto Electronic Co. Ltd. (5) Seawater sampling Following procedure is based on a determination method in the WHP Operations Manual (Dickson, 1996). Seawater samples were collected from Niskin sampler bottles attached to the CTD-system. Seawater for bottle oxygen measurement was transferred from the Niskin sampler bottle to a volume calibrated glass flask (ca. 100 cm^3). Three times volume of the flask of seawater was overflowed. Sample temperature was measured by a thermometer during the overflowing. Then two reagent solutions (Reagent I, II) of 0.5 cm^3 each were added immediately into the sample flask and the stopper was inserted carefully into the flask. The sample flask was then shaken vigorously to mix the contents and to disperse the precipitate finely throughout. After the precipitate has settled at least halfway down the flask, the flask was shaken again vigorously to disperse the precipitate. The sample flasks containing pickled samples were stored in a laboratory until they were titrated. (6) Sample measurement At least two hours after the re-shaking, the pickled samples were measured on board. A magnetic stirrer bar and 1 cm^3 sulfuric acid solution were added into the sample flask and stirring began. Samples were titrated by sodium thiosulfate solution whose molarity was determined by potassium iodate solution (section 3.3.7). Temperature of sodium thiosulfate during titration was recorded by a thermometer. We measured dissolved oxygen concentration using two sets of the titration apparatus, named DOT-1 and DOT-3. Dissolved oxygen concentration (μmol kg^(-1)) was calculated by the sample temperature during the sampling, CTD salinity, flask volume, and titrated volume of the sodium thiosulfate solution. (7) Standardization Concentration of sodium thiosulfate titrant (ca. 0.025 M) was determined by potassium iodate solution. Pure potassium iodate was dried in an oven at 13°C. 1.7835 g potassium iodate accurately weighed out was dissolved in deionized water and diluted to final volume of 5 dm^3 in a calibrated volumetric flask (0.001667 M). 10 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution was added to a flask using a volume-calibrated dispenser. Then, 90 cm^3 of deionized water, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I were added into the flask in order. Amount of titrated volume of sodium thiosulfate (usually 5 times measurements average) gave the molarity of the sodium thiosulfate titrant. Table 3.3.1 shows the result of the standardization during this cruise. Error (C.V.) of the standardization was 0.02±0.01%, c.a. 0.05 μmol kg^(-1). (8) Determination of the blank The oxygen in the pickling reagents I (0.5 cm^3) and II (0.5 cm^3) was assumed to be 3.8 x 10-8 mol (Murray et al., 1968). The blank from the presence of redox species apart from oxygen in the reagents (the pickling reagents I, II, and the sulfuric acid solution) was determined as follows. 1 cm^3 and 2 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution were added to two flasks, respectively. Then 100 cm^3 of deionized water, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each were added into the two flasks in order. The blank was determined by difference between the two times of the first (1 cm^3 of KIO(3)) titrated volume of the sodium thiosulfate and the second (2 cm^3 of KIO(3)) one. The results of 3 times blank determinations were averaged (Table 3.3.1). The averaged blank of DOT-1 and DOT-3 during the whole legs were -0.009 and -0.005 cm^3, respectively. TAble 3.3.1. Results of the standardization and the blank determinations during MR05-05. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date KIO(3) DOT-1 (cm^3) DOT-3 (cm^3) (UTC) # bottle Na(2)S(2)O(3) E.P. blank Na(2)S(2)O(3) E.P. blank Samples (Stations) ---------- - ----------- ------------- ----- ------ ------------- ----- ------ -------------------- 2005/10/30 1 20050829-25 20051028-3 3.960 -0.010 20051028-4 3.961 -0.005 1-16 2005/11/02 20050829-26 20051028-3 3.961 -0.010 20051028-4 3.959 -0.004 18-26 2005/11/03 20050829-27 20051031-1 3.960 -0.011 20051031-2 3.961 -0.005 28-34 2005/11/04 20050829-28 20051031-1 3.960 -0.009 20051031-2 3.959 0.000 36-44 2005/11/06 20050829-29 20051031-3 3.960 -0.011 20051031-4 3.960 -0.008 46-53 2005/11/07 20050829-30 20051031-3 3.958 -0.008 20051031-4 3.958 -0.004 55-58,X17,62 2005/11/09 20050829-31 20051105-1 3.960 -0.012 20051105-2 3.960 -0.006 64-73 2005/11/11 2 20050829-37 20051105-3 3.960 -0.011 20051105-4 3.963 -0.004 74-81 2005/11/12 20050829-38 20051105-3 3.960 -0.010 20051105-4 3.960 -0.008 83-90 2005/11/14 20050829-39 20051112-1 3.962 -0.009 20051112-2 3.964 -0.005 92-100 2005/11/15 20050829-40 20051112-1 3.960 -0.010 20051112-2 3.963 -0.004 X16,104-110 2005/11/17 20050829-41 20051112-3 3.963 -0.010 20051112-4 3.963 -0.006 112-120 2005/11/18 20050829-42 20051112-3 3.963 -0.009 20051112-4 3.964 -0.004 122-130 2005/11/20 20050829-43 20051116-1 3.957 -0.010 20051116-2 3.958 -0.007 132-140 2005/11/21 20050829-44 20051116-1 3.957 -0.009 20051116-2 3.959 -0.005 142-146 2005/11/30 3 20050830-49 20051128-1 3.960 -0.011 20051128-2 3.961 -0.005 146(2)-153 2005/12/01 20050829-50 20051128-1 3.959 -0.010 20051128-2 3.958 -0.005 154-163 2005/12/02 20050829-51 20051128-3 3.961 -0.009 20051128-4 3.961 -0.006 165-173 2005/12/03 20050829-52 20051128-3 3.959 -0.010 20051128-4 3.959 -0.005 175-183 2005/12/05 20050829-53 20051203-1 3.960 -0.010 20051203-2 3.960 -0.008 185-193 2005/12/07 20050829-54 20051203-1 3.960 -0.009 20051203-2 3.960 -0.006 195,197,X14, 201,203 2005/12/09 20050829-55 20051203-3 3.959 -0.010 20051203-4 3.960 -0.005 205-213 2005/12/11 20050829-56 20051203-3 3.961 -0.010 20051203-4 3.960 -0.004 215,217 2005/12/16 4 20050829-61 20051211-1 3.963 -0.009 20051211-2 3.966 -0.005 WC0-WC4 2005/12/17 20050829-62 20051211-1 3.962 -0.008 20051211-2 3.960 -0.007 WC5-WC10 2005/12/20 20050829-63 20051211-3 3.961 -0.010 20051211-4 3.962 -0.003 217(2)-225 2005/12/22 20050829-64 20051211-3 3.964 -0.010 20051211-4 3.964 -0.006 227-233,X13 2005/12/24 20050829-65 20051223-1 3.964 -0.008 20051223-2 3.963 -0.005 237-245 2005/12/25 20050829-66 20051223-1 3.964 -0.009 20051223-2 3.963 -0.004 247-253 2005/12/27 20050829-67 20051223-3 3.965 -0.011 20051223-4 3.965 -0.005 255-263 2005/12/28 20050829-68 20051223-3 3.963 -0.007 20051223-4 3.964 -0.003 265-273 2005/12/30 5 20050829-73 20051229-1 3.964 -0.010 20051229-2 3.964 -0.006 X10,275-279 2006/01/01 20050829-74 20051229-1 3.964 -0.007 20051229-2 3.965 -0.005 281-289 2006/01/03 20050829-75 20051229-3 3.965 -0.010 20051229-4 3.963 -0.007 291-299 2006/01/04 20050829-76 20051229-3 3.966 -0.010 20051229-4 3.966 -0.006 301-312 2006/01/05 20050829-77 20060105-1 3.961 -0.007 20060105-2 3.961 -0.004 314-318,X09,322 2006/01/07 20050829-78 20060105-1 3.961 -0.009 20060105-2 3.961 -0.002 324-333 2006/01/10 20050829-79 20060105-3 3.959 -0.008 20060105-4 3.960 -0.005 335-343 2006/01/11 20050829-80 20060105-3 3.962 -0.009 20060105-4 3.962 -0.005 345-351 2006/01/12 6 20050829-85 20060112-1 3.965 -0.011 20060112-2 3.966 -0.005 369-355 2006/01/14 20050829-86 20060112-1 3.963 -0.009 20060112-2 3.966 -0.004 353,351(2) 2006/01/20 6 20050829-88 20060112-3 3.968 -0.009 20060112-4 3.970 -0.004 370-389 2006/01/23 20050829-89 20060112-3 3.967 -0.006 20060112-4 3.967 -0.006 390-408 2006/01/25 20050829-90 20060120-1 3.964 -0.008 20060120-2 3.969 -0.001 TS7- TS1 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ # Batch number of the KIO3 standard solution. (9) Reagent blank The blank determined in section 3.3.8, pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) can be represented by equation 1, V(blk, dw) = V(blk, ep) + V(blk, reg) (1) where V(blk, ep) = blank due to differences between the measured end-point and the equivalence point; V(blk, reg) = blank due to oxidants or reductants in the reagent. Here, the reagent blank (V(blk, reg)) was determined by following procedure. 1 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution and 100 cm3 of deionized water were added to two flasks each. 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each were added into the first flask in order. Then, two times volume of the reagents (2 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 1.0 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each) was added to the second flask. The reagent blank was determined by difference between the first (2 cm^3 of the total reagent volume added) titrated volume of the sodium thiosulfate and the second (4 cm^3 of the total reagent volume added) one. We also carried out experiments for three and four times volume of the reagents. The results are shown in Figure 3.31. The relation between difference of the titrant (Na(2)S(2)O(3)) volume and the volume of the reagents added (V(reagent)) is expressed by equation 2, Difference of the titrant volume = -0.0009 V(reagent) (2) There was no significant difference between the results of DOT-1 and DOT-3. V(blk, reg) was estimated to be about -0.002 cm^3, suggesting that about 0.01 μmol of reductants was contained in every 2 cm^3 of the reagents added. In other words, the difference of the pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) between DOT-1 and DOT-3, determined in the section 3.3.8, was due to the difference of the end-point blank ((Vblk, ep)) between the two titration apparatus (-0.007 and -0.003 cm^3 for DOT-1 and DOT-3, respectively). (10) Sample blank Blank due to redox species other than oxygen in the sample (V(blk, spl)) can be a potential source of measurement error. The total blank during the seawater measurement, the seawater blank (V(blk, sw)) can be represented by equation 3, V(blk, sw) = V(blk, spl) + V(blk, dw) (3) If the pure water blank (V(blk, dw)) that is determined in section 3.3.8 is identical both in pure water and in seawater, the difference between the seawater blank and the pure water one gives the sample blank (V(blk, spl)). Here, V(blk, spl) was determined by following procedure. Seawater sample was collected in the volume calibrated glass flask (ca. 100 cm^3) without the pickling. Then 1 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I each were added into the flask in order. Additionally a flask contained 1 cm^3 of the standard potassium iodate solution, 100 cm^3 of deionized water, 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution, and 0.5 cm^3 of pickling reagent solution II and I was prepared. The difference of the titrant volumes of the seawater flask and the deionized water one gave the sample blank (V(blk, spl)). We measured vertical profiles of the sample blank at four stations (Table 3.3.2) using DOT-1 system. The sample blank ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 μmol kg^(-1) and its vertical and horizontal variations are small. Our Results agree to reported values ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 μmol kg^(-1) (Culberson et al., 1991) and our previous results obtained in the western North Pacific, reoccupation of WHP-P10 in 2005. Ignorant of the sample blank will cause systematic errors in the oxygen calculations, but these errors are expected to be the same to all investigators and not to affect the comparison of results from different investigators (Culberson, 1994). TABLE 3.3.2. Results of the sample blank determinations during MR05-05. _________________________________________________________________________________ Station: P03-006 Station: P03-031 Station: P03-136 Station: P03-215 32.5°N/118.0°W 29.1°N/123.9°W 25.5°N/164.3°W 24.2°N/172.8°E CTD Sample CTD Sample CTD Sample CTD Sample Pres. blank Pres. blank Pres. blank Pres. blank dbar μmol/kg-1 dbar μmol/kg-1 dbar μmol/kg-1 dbar μmol/kg-1 ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 9 0.48 10 0.45 9 0.38 10 0.39 149 0.71 51 0.50 48 0.38 50 0.40 249 0.68 101 0.56 100 0.51 100 0.48 400 0.63 152 0.56 150 0.57 150 0.53 600 0.74 501 0.63 200 0.64 200 0.63 800 0.70 1001 0.70 600 0.59 502 0.76 1003 0.76 2003 0.66 1201 0.52 1003 0.66 1403 0.69 3001 0.68 2201 0.60 2000 0.69 1801 0.70 4249 0.73 3251 0.60 3500 0.71 1867 0.78 4459 0.72 3751 0.62 5002 0.72 _________________________________________________________________________________ (11) Replicate sample measurement Replicate samples were taken from every CTD cast. Total amount of the replicate sample pairs in good measurement (flag=2) was 837. The standard deviation of the replicate measurement was 0.08 μmol kg^(-1) and there was no significant difference between DOT-1 and DOT-3 measurements. The standard deviation was calculated by a procedure (SOP23) in DOE (1994). The difference between the replicate sample pairs did not depend on sampling pressure (Figure 3.3.2) and measurement date (Figure 3.3.3). The standard deviations during Leg.1, Leg.2, and Leg.3 were 0.083 (n=299) and 0.083 (n=493), and 0.085 μmol kg^(-1) (n=45), respectively. In the hydrographic data sheet, a mean of replicate sample pairs is shown with the flag 2. (12) Duplicate sample measurement We also collected seawater samples from two Niskin samplers that were collected at same depth (duplicate sampling). Total 50 pairs of the duplicate samples were taken in deep layers below 800 dbar during all the legs. The standard deviation of the total duplicate measurement was 0.10 μmol kg^(-1). We concluded that total measurement error of bottle oxygen was less than 0.10 μmol kg^(-1) during MR05-05 cruise. (13) CSK standard measurements The CSK standard solution is commercial potassium iodate solution (0.0100 N) for analysis of oxygen in seawater. During the cruises, we measured concentration of the CSK standard solution (Lot ASE8281) against our KIO(3) standard in order to confirm the accuracy of our oxygen measurement on board (Table 3.3.3). Error weighted means of DOT-1 and DOT-3 results were 0.009999±0.000005 and 0.010002±0.000006 normal (N) respectively, which indicates that there was no systematic difference between DOT-1 and DOT-3 measurements. The averaged value of the CSK standard solution was so close to the certified value (0.0100 N) that we did not correct sample measurements results using the CSK standard results. Additionally, we also measured the same lot (ASE8281) of the CSK standard solution during our previous cruise in 2005 (MR05-02). Results of the CSK measurements in the both cruises agreed well within the errors (less than 0.1%), suggesting that there was no systematic difference in the oxygen measurements between MR05-02 and MR05-05. TABLE 3.3.3. Results of the CSK standard measurements. _____________________________________________________________________ DOT-1 DOT-3 Date (UTC) KIO3 batch# Conc. (N) error (N) Conc. (N) error (N) ---------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- 2005/11/07 ASE8281-1 0.010005 0.000005 0.010006 0.000003 2005/11/18 ASE8281-2 0.009998 0.000003 0.009993 0.000017 2005/12/07 ASE8281-3 0.010004 0.000007 0.010001 0.000007 2005/12/25 ASE8281-4 0.010001 0.000004 0.010005 0.000007 2006/01/11 ASE8281-5 0.009997 0.000006 0.009998 0.000011 2006/01/14 ASE8281-6 0.009998 0.000008 0.009997 0.000009 2006/01/26 ASE8281-7 0.009989 0.000006 0.009990 0.000005 Weighted mean 0.009999 0.000005 0.010002 0.000006 DOT-1 DOT-2 Date (UTC) KIO3 batch# Conc. (N) error (N) Conc. (N) error (N) ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- 2005/6/21 ASE8281-0 0.010005 0.000010 0.010002 0.000006 _____________________________________________________________________ (14) Quality control flag assignment Quality flag values were assigned to oxygen measurements using the code defined in Table 0.2 of WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1 Rev.2 section 4.5.2 (Joyce et al., 1994). Measurement flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable), 4 (bad), and 5 (missing) have been assigned (Table 3.3.4). The replicate data (section 3.3-11) were averaged and flagged 2 if both of them were flagged 2. If either of them was flagged 3 or 4, a datum with "younger" flag was selected. Thus, we did not use flag of 6 (replicate measurements). For the choice between 2, 3, or 4, we basically followed a flagging procedure as listed below: a. Bottle oxygen concentration and difference between bottle oxygen and CTD oxygen at the sampling were plotted against CTD pressure. Any points not lying on a generally smooth trend were noted. b. Dissolved oxygen was then plotted against potential temperature or sigma- theta. If a datum deviated from a group of plots, it was flagged 3. c. Vertical sections against pressure and potential density were drawn. If a datum was anomalous on the section plots, datum flag was degraded from 2 to 3, or from 3 to 4. d. If the bottle flag was 4 (did not trip correctly), a datum was flagged 4 (bad). In the case of the bottle flag 3 (leaking) or 5 (unknown problem), a datum was flagged based on steps a, b, and c. TABLE 3.3.4. Summary of assigned quality control flags. _____________________________________ Flag Definition ---- ---------------------- ----- 2 Good 6,698 3 Questionable 5 4 Bad (Faulty) 10 5 Not reported (missing) 4 ---------------------------- ----- Total 6,717 _____________________________________ (15) Results (15.1) Comparison at cross-stations during MR05-05 At stations of P03-146, 217, and 351, hydrocast sampling for dissolved oxygen was conducted two times at interval of about a week. Dissolved oxygen profiles of the two hydrocasts at the three cross-stations agreed well (Figure 3.3.4). In the layers deeper than 4,000 dbar, difference of dissolved oxygen between the two hydrocasts was calculated to be 0.20 μmol kg^(-1) (standard deviation, n=24). (15.2) Comparison at cross-stations of MR05-05 and MR05-02 During June of 2006, we also conducted another repeat cruise of WHP-P10, named MR05-02 cruise, along about 14°E in the western North Pacific. At the cross point of MR05-05 and MR05-02, we carried out two cross-stations at 24.5°N/149.4°E (MR05-02_P10-067 and MR05-05_P03-X10) and 24.2°N/149.0°E (MR05-02_P10-X03 and MR05-05_P03-275). Repeat measurements of dissolved oxygen at interval of about six months showed that dissolved oxygen decreased by 20 μmol kg-1 in deep layers ranged from about 1,500 to 2,500 dbar (Figure 3.3.5). It should also be noted that oxygen concentration also decreased slightly (about 2 μmol kg^(-1)) in bottom water below 5,000 dbar at the both two cross-stations. As mentioned in section 3.3.15.1, the results at the cross-stations during MR05-05 cruise showed that the repeat measurements of dissolved oxygen in bottom water agreed within 0.2 μmol kg^(-1). Additionally, using the CSK standard solution we ensured traceability of dissolved oxygen analyses during MR05-02 and MR05-05 cruises within about 0.1% correspondent to about 0.2 μmol kg^(-1) (section 3.3.13). These results indicate that total reproducibility of our oxygen measurement is about 0.2 μmol kg^(-1), suggesting that observed oxygen decreases of about 2 μmol kg^(-1) in the bottom water at the cross-stations are significant. The variability of oxygen concentration within six months in the deep and bottom waters implies that apparent decadal change of dissolved oxygen derived from repeat hydrography should be discussed carefully. (15.3) Comparison with WHP-P03 oxygen data in 1985 We compared our oxygen data and gridded data of WHP-P03 in 1985 and found that our oxygen data were slightly lower than those of WHP-P03. Below 2,000 m depth the difference in average is calculated in -2.2± 1.7 μmol kg^(-1) (Figure 3.3.6). This "offset" value is closed to reported adjustments, about minus 3 μmol kg^(-1) for dissolved oxygen data of WHP-P03 (Johnson et al., 2001; Gouretski and Jancke, 2001). We here corrected oxygen data of WHP-P03 by the averaged offset value, 2.2 μmol kg^(-1). Figure 3.3.7(a) shows distribution of oxygen difference (2005/2006 data minus 1985 data) agains water depth. Below 1,000 m depth, there were not differences more than 5 μmol kg^(-1). The dispersion of the difference in the deep/bottom water (±1.7 μmol kg^(-1) for 1 sigma) was also independent from the sampling depths, suggesting that the dispersion was derived from analytical errors and the data gridding. The dispersion of 2 sigma (±3.4 μmol) and the offset correction of 2.2 μmol kg-1 imply that oxygen differences less than 5 μmol kg-1 between 1985 and 2005/06 is not significant. In the layers shallower than 1,000 m depth, we found some increases and decreases of dissolved oxygen. In order to focus on the shallow variations, the differences were plotted against water density (sigma theta) from 24.5 to 27.5 (approximately correspondent to layers from 200 to1,200 m depth) in Figure 3.3.7(b). We found a significant decrease of dissolved oxygen at the eastern end where oxygen concentration was relatively low. This decrease may be due to variability of local upwelling. Oxygen increase around 130oW to the International Date Line ranged from 25.0 to 26.2 sigma theta implies variation of mesoscale eddies. From 160°W to 160°E, around 26.8 sigma theta dissolved oxygen decreased, which is similar to the intermediate oxygen decrease in the subarctic regions in the North Pacific (Emerson et al., 2001; Watanabe et al., 2001). The decadal change along around 24oN, however, was smaller than that found in the subarctic North Pacific. REFERENCES Culberson, A.H. (1994) Dissolved oxygen, in WHPO Pub. 91-1 Rev. 1 , November 1994, Woods Hole, Mass., USA. Culberson, A.H., G. Knapp, M.C. Stalcup, R.T. Williams, and F. Zemlyak (1991) A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater, WHPO Pub. 91-2 , August 1991, Woods Hole, Mass., USA. Dickson, A. (1996) Determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water by Winkler titration, in WHPO Pub. 91-1 Rev. 1 , November 1994, Woods Hole, Mass., USA. DOE (1994) Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water; version 2. A.G. Dickson and C. Goyet (eds), ORNL/CDIAC-74. Emerson, S, S. Mecking and J.Abell (2001) The biological pump in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean: nutrient sources, redfield ratios, and recent changes. Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 15, 535-554. Gouretski, V.V. and K. Jancke (2001) Systematic errors as the causes for an apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and historical hydrographic data, Prog. Oceanogr ., 48, 337-402. Johnson, G.C., P.E. Robbins, and G.E. Hufford (2001) Systematic adjustments of hydrographic sections for internal consistency, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol ., 18, 1234-1244. Joyce, T., and C. Corry, eds., C. Corry, A. Dessier, A. Dickson, T. Joyce, M. Kenny, R. Key, D. Legler, R. Millard, R. Onken, P. Saunders, M. Stalcup, contrib. (1994) Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programme Data Reporting, WHPO Pub. 90-1 Rev. 2 , May 1994 Woods Hole, Mass., USA. Murray, C.N., J.P. Riley, and T.R.S. Wilson (1968) The solubility of oxygen in Winkler reagents used for determination of dissolved oxygen, Deep-Sea Res ., 15, 237-238. Watanabe, Y.W., T. Ono, A. Shimamoto, T. Sugimoto, M. Wakita and S. Watanabe (2001) Probability of a reduction in the formation rate of subsurface water in the North Pacific during the 1980s and 1990s. Geophys. Res. Letts ., 28, 3298-3292. 3.4. NUTRIENTS July 19, 2007 (1) Personnel Michio Aoyama (MRI / Japan Meteorological Agency, Principal Investigator) Leg.1 Kenichiro Sato (MWJ) Ayumi Takeuchi (MWJ) Junji Matsushita (MWJ) Leg.2 Junko Hamanaka (MWJ) Ayumi Takeuchi (MWJ) Kohei Miura (MWJ) Leg.3 Junko Hamanaka (MWJ) Junji Matsushita (MWJ) Kohei Miura (MWJ) (2) Objectives The objectives of nutrients analyses during the R/V MIRAI MR0505 cruise along 24N line in the Western North Pacific are as follows; • Describe the present status of nutrients concentration with excellent comparability. • The determinants are nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (Although silicic acid is correct, we use silicate because a term of silicate is widely used in oceanographic community.) • Study the temporal and spatial variation of nutrients based on the previous high quality experiments data of WOCE, GOESECS, IGY and so on. • Study temporal and spatial variation of nitrate: phosphate ratio, so- called Redfield ratio. • Obtain more accurate estimation of total amount of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in the interested area. • Provide more accurate nutrients data for physical oceanographers to use as tracers for water mass movement. (3) Equipment and techniques (3.1) Analytical detail using TRAACS 800 systems (BRAN+LUEBBE) The phosphate analysis is a modification of the procedure of Murphy and Riley (1962). Molybdic acid is added to the seawater sample to form phosphomolybdic acid which is in turn reduced to phosphomolybdous acid using L-ascorbic acid as the reductant. Nitrate + nitrite and nitrite are analyzed by according to the modification method of Grasshoff (1970). The sample nitrate is reduced to nitrite in a cadmium tube inside of which is coated with metallic copper. The sample stream with its equivalent nitrite is treated with an acidic, sulfanilamide reagent and the nitrite forms nitrous acid which reacts with sulfanilamide to produce a diazonium ion. N1- Naphthylethylene-diamine added to the sample stream then couples with the diazonium ion to produce a red, azo dye. With reduction of the nitrate to nitrite, both nitrate and nitrite react and are measured; without reduction, only nitrite reacts. Thus, for the nitrite analysis, no reduction is performed and the alkaline buffer is not necessary. Nitrate is computed by difference. The silicate method is analogous to that described for phosphate. The method used is essentially that of Grasshoff et al. (1983), wherein silicomolybdic acid is first formed from the silicic acid in the sample and added molybdic acid; then the silicomolybdic acid is reduced to silicomolybdous acid, or "molybdenum blue," using ascorbic acid as the reductant. The flow diagrams and regents for each parameter are shown in Figures 3.4.1- 3.4.4. NITRATE REAGENTS Imidazole (buffer), 0.06 M (0.4% w/v) Dissolve 4 g imidazole, C3H4N2, in ca. 900 ml DIW; add 2ml concentrated HCl; make up to 1,000 ml with DIW. After mixing, 1ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% solution in ethanol) is added. Sulfanilamide, 0.06 M (1% w/v) in 1.2 M HCl Dissolve 10 g sulfanilamide, 4-NH2C6H4SO3H, in 1,000 ml of 1.2 M (10%) HCl. After mixing, 1 ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% solution in ethanol) is added. N-1-Napthylethylene-diamine dihydrochloride, 0.004 M (0.1% w/v) Dissolve 1 g NEDA, C10H7NHCH2CH2NH2 · 2HCl, in 1,000 ml of DIW; containing 10 ml concentrated HCl. Stored in a dark bottle. NITRITE REAGENTS Sulfanilamide, 0.06 M (1% w/v) in 1.2 M HCl Dissolve 10 g sulfanilamide, 4-NH2C6H4SO3H, in 1,000 ml of 1.2 M (10%) HCl. After mixing, 1 ml Triton(R)X-100 (50% solution in ethanol) is added. N-1-Napthylethylene-diamine dihydrochloride , 0.004 M (0.1% w/v) Dissolve 1 g NEDA, C10H7NHCH2CH2NH2 · 2HCl, in 1,000 ml of DIW; containing 10 ml concentrated HCl. Stored in a dark bottle. SILICIC ACID REAGENTS Molybdic acid, 0.06 M (2% w/v) Dissolve 15 g Disodium Molybdate(VI) Dihydrate, Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, in 1,000 ml DIW containing 6 ml H2SO4. After mixing, 20 ml sodium dodecyl sulphate (15% solution in water) is added. Oxalic acid, 0.6 M (5% w/v) Dissolve 50 g Oxalic Acid Anhydrous, HOOC: COOH, in 1,000 ml of DIW. Ascorbic acid, 0.01 M (3% w/v) Dissolve 2.5 g L (+)-Ascorbic Acid, C6H8O6, in 100 ml of DIW. Stored in a dark bottle and freshly prepared before every measurement. Phosphate Reagents Stock molybdate solution, 0.03 M (0.8% w/v) Dissolve 8 g Disodium Molybdate(VI) Dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2Oand 0.17 g Antimony Potas- sium Tartrate, C(8)H(4)K(2)O(12)Sb(2)•3H2O in 1,000 ml of DIW containing 50 ml concentrated H(2)SO(4). Mixed Reagent Dissolve 0.8 g L (+)-Ascorbic Acid, C6H8O6, in 100 ml of stock molybdate solution. After mixing, 2 ml sodium dodecyl sulphate (15% solution in water) is added. Stored in a dark bottle and freshly prepared before every measurement. PO(4) dilution Dissolve Sodium Hydrate, NaCl, 10 g in ca. 900 ml, add 50 ml Acetone and 4 ml concentrated H2SO4, make up to 1,000 ml. After mixing, 5 ml sodium dodecyl sulphate (15% solution in water) is added. (3.2) Sampling procedures Sampling of nutrients followed that of oxygen, trace gases and salinity. Samples were drawn into two of virgin 10 ml polyacrylates vials without sample drawing tubes. These were rinsed three times before filling and vials were capped immediately after the drawing. The vials are put into water bath at 25 +-1deg. C for 10 minutes before used to stabilize the temperature of samples. No transfer was made and the vials were set an auto sampler tray directly. Samples were analyzed after collection, basically within 17 hours. (3.3) Data processing Raw data from TRAACS800 were treated as follows: • Check baseline shift. • Check the shape of each peak and the positions of the peak values taken, and then change the positions of the peak values taken if necessary. • Carryover correction and baseline drift correction were applied to peak heights of each sample followed by sensitivity correction. • Baseline correction and sensitivity correction were done basically by using liner regression. • Load pressure and salinity from CTD data to calculate density of seawater. • Calibration curves to get nutrients concentration were assumed second order equations. (4) Nutrients standards (4.1) In-house standards (i) Volumetric Laboratory Ware All volumetric glass- and plastic (PMP)-ware used were gravimetrically calibrated. Plastic volumetric flasks were gravimetrically calibrated at the temperature of use within 2-3 K. VOLUMETRIC FLASKS Volumetric flasks of Class quality (Class A) are used because their nominal tolerances are 0.05% or less over the size ranges that are likely to be used in this work. Class A flasks are made of borosilicate glass, and the standard solutions were transferred to plastic bottles as quickly as possible after they were made up to volume and well mixed in order to prevent excessive dissolution of silicic acid from the glass. High quality plastic (polymethylpentene, PMP, or polypropylene) volumetric flasks were gravimetrically calibrated and used only within 3-4 K of the calibration temperature. The computation of volume contained by glass flasks at various temperatures other than the calibration temperatures were done by using the coefficient of linear expansion of borosilicate crown glass. Because of their larger temperature coefficients of cubical expansion and lack of tables constructed for these materials, the plastic volumetric flasks were gravimetrically calibrated over the temperature range of intended use and used at the temperature of calibration within 3-4 K. The weights obtained in the calibration weightings were corrected for the density of water and air buoyancy. PIPETTES AND PIPETTORS All pipettes have nominal calibration tolerances of 0.1% or better. These were gravimetrically calibrated in order to verify and improve upon this nominal tolerance. (ii) Reagents, general considerations GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS All reagents were of very high purity such as "Analytical Grade," "Analyzed Reagent Grade" and others. In addition, assay of nitrite was determined according as JISK8019 and assays of nitrite salts were 98.9%. We use that value to adjust the weights taken. For the silicate standards solution, we use commercial available silicon standard solution for atomic absorption spectrometry of 1,000 mg L-1. Since this solution is alkaline solution of 0.5 M KOH, an aliquot of 40ml solution were diluted to 500 ml as B standard together with an aliquot of 20 ml of 1 M HCl. Then the pH of B standard for silicate prepared to be 6.9. ULTRA PURE WATER Ultra pure water (MilliQ water) freshly drawn was used for preparation of reagents, higher concentration standards and for measurement of reagent and system blanks. LOW-NUTRIENT SEAWATER (LNSW) Surface water with low nutrient concentration was taken and filtered using 0.45 μm pore size membrane filter. This water is stored in 20 liter cubitainer with paper box. The concentrations of nutrient of this water were measured carefully in March 2005. (iii) Concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards Concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards are set as shown in Table 3.4.1. The C standard is prepared by according as recipes, as shown in Table 3.4.2. All volumetric laboratory tools were calibrated prior to the cruise as stated in chapter (i). Then the actual concentration of nutrients in each fresh standard was calculated based on the ambient, solution temperature and determined factors of volumetric laboratory wares. Table 3.4.1. Nominal concentrations of nutrients for A, B and C standards. ___________________________________________________________________________ A B B' C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 ---------- ----- ---- ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----- ----- NO(3)(μM) 45000 900 900 0 BA AY AX AV BC 55.0 55.0 NO(2)(μM) 4000 20 20 0 BA AY AX AV BC 1.2 1.2 SiO(2)(μM) 36000 2880 3240 0 BA AY AX AV BC 172.8 194.4 PO(4)(μM) 3000 60 60 0 BA AY AX AV BC 3.6 3.6 ___________________________________________________________________________ TABLE 3.4.2. Working calibration standard recipes. ____________________________________ C-STD B-1 STD B-1' STD B-2 STD ----- ------- --------- ------- C-7 30 ml 0 ml 30 ml C-8 0 ml 30 ml 30 ml ____________________________________ B-1 STD: Mixture of nitrate, silicate and phosphate B-1' STD: Mixture of nitrate, silicate and phosphate B-2 STD: Nitrite (iv) Renewal of in-house standard solutions In-house standard solutions as stated in (iii) were renewed as shown in Table 3.4.3. (4.2) Reference material of nutrients in seawater To obtain more accurate and high quality nutrients data to achieve the objectives stated above, huge numbers of the bottles of the reference material of nutrients in seawater (hereafter RMNS) are prepared (Aoyama et al., submitted). In the previous world wide expeditions, such as WOCE cruises, higher reproducibility and precision of nutrients measurements were required (Joyce and Corry, 1994). Since no standards were available for the measurement of nutrients in seawater at that time, the requirements were described in term of reproducibility. The required reproducibility was 1%, 1- 2%, 1-3% for nitrate, phosphate and silicate, respectively. Although nutrient data from the WOCE one-time survey was of unprecedented quality and coverage due to much care in sampling and measurements, the differences of nutrients concentration at crossover points are still found among the expeditions (Aoyama and Joyce, 1996, Mordy et al., 2000, Gouretski and Jancke, 2001). TABLE 3.4.3. Timing of renewal of in-house standards. ___________________________________________________________ NO3, NO2, SiO2, PO4 Renewal --------------------------- ---------------------------- A-1 Std. (NO(3)) maximum 1 month A-2 Std. (NO(2)) maximum 1 month A-3 Std. (SiO(2)) commercial prepared solution A-4 Std. (PO(4)) maximum 1 month B-1 Std. and B-1' Std. (mixture of NO3, SiO2, PO4) 8 days B-2 Std. (NO(2)) 8 days C Std Renewal --------------------------- ---------------------------- C-7~C-8 Std ( mixture of B1 24 hours (B1') and B2 Std.) Reduction estimation Renewal --------------------------- ---------------------------- D-1 Std. when A-1renewed 43μM NO3 when C-std renewed 47μM NO2 when C-std renewed ___________________________________________________________ For instance, the mean offset of nitrate concentration at deep waters was 0.5 μmol kg-1 for 345 crossovers at the world oceans, though the maximum was 1.7 μmol kg-1 (Gouretski and Jancke, 2001). At the 31 crossover points in the Pacific WHP one-time lines, the WOCE standard of reproducibility for nitrate of 1% was fulfilled at about half of the crossover points and the maximum difference was 7% at deeper layers below 1.6 deg. C in potential temperature (Aoyama and Joyce, 1996). (i) RMNS preparation RMNS PREPARATION AND HOMOGENEITY FOR PREVIOUS LOTS The study on reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) on the seawater base has been carried out to establish traceability on nutrient analyses in seawater since 1994 in Japan. Autoclaving to produce RMNS has been studied (Aminot and Kerouel, 1991, 1995) and autoclaving was used to stabilize the samples for the 5th intercompariosn exercise in 1992/1993 (Aminot and Kirkwood, 1995). Aminot and Kerouel (1995) concluded that nitrate and nitrite were extremely stable throughout their 27 months storage experiment with overall standard deviations lower than 0.3% (range 5-50 μmol l-l) and 0.8% (range 0.5-5 μmol l-1), respectively. For phosphate, slight increase by 0.02-0.07 μmol l-1 per year was observed due to the leaching from the container glass. The main source of nutrient variation in seawater is believed to be microorganism activity, hence, production of RMNS depends on biological inactivation of samples. In this point of view, previous study showed that autoclaving to inactivate the biological activity is acceptable for RMNS preparation. In the R/V MIRAI BEAGLE2003 cruise, which was an around the world cruise along ca. 30 deg. S and conducted in 2003 and 2004, RMNS was analyzed at about 500 stations. The results of BEAGLE2003 cruise will be available soon. (Databook of BEAGLE2003) The seawater for RMNS production was sampled in the North Pacific Ocean at the depths of the surface where the nutrients are almost depleted and the depths of 1,500-2,000 meters where the nutrients concentrations reach its maximum. The seawater was gravity-filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm (Millipore HA). The latest procedure of autoclaving for RMNS preparation is that the seawater in a stainless steel container of 40 liters was autoclaved at 120 deg. C, for 2 hours, 2 times in two days. The filling procedure of autoclaved seawater basically remained the same throughout our study. After cooled at room temperature in two days, polypropylene bottles of 100 ml capacity were filled with the autoclaved seawater of 90 ml through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 μm (Millipore HA) at a clean bench in a clean room. The polypropylene caps were immediately and tightly screwed on and a label containing lot number and serial number of each bottle was attached on all of the bottles. Then the bottles were vacuum-sealed to avid potential contamination from the environment. RMNSs FOR THIS CRUISE RMNS lots BC, AV, AX, AY and BA, which covers full range of nutrients concentrations in the western North Pacific were prepared as packages. These packages were renewed daily and analyzed every 2 runs on the same day. 250 bottles of RMNS lot AZ were prepared to use every analysis at every hydrographic station. These RMNS assignment were completely done based on random number. The RMNS bottles were stored at a room, REGENT STORE, where the temperature was maintained around 24-26 deg. C. ASSIGNED CONCENTRATION FOR RMNSs We assigned nutrients concentrations for RMNS lots BC, AV, AX, AY and BA as shown in Table 3.4.4. (ii) The homogeneity of RMNSs The homogeneity of lot BC and analytical precisions are shown in Table 3.4.4. These are for the assessment of the magnitude of homogeneity of the RMNS bottles, which were used during the cruise. As shown in Table 3.4.5, the homogeneity of RMNS lot BC for nitrate and silicate are the same magnitude of analytical precision derived from fresh raw seawater. The homogeneity for phosphate, however, exceeds the analytical precision at some extent. TABLE 3.4.4. Assigned concentrations of RMNSs _______________________________________________ Nitrate Phosphate Silicate ---------- ----------- ----------- RMNS-BA 0.1 ± 0.0 0.06 ± 0.01 1.6 ± 0.1 RMNS-AY 5.6 ± 0.0 0.52 ± 0.01 30.1 ± 0.1 RMNS-AX 21.4 ± 0.1 1.61 ± 0.01 59.5 ± 0.1 RMNS-AV 33.4 ± 0.1 2.52 ± 0.01 157.9 ± 0.2 RMNS-BC 40.7 ± 0.1 2.78 ± 0.01 160.0 ± 0.2 RMNS-AZ 42.3 ± 0.1 3.02 ± 0.01 137.2 ± 0.2 _______________________________________________ TABLE 3.4.5. Homogeneity of lot BC and previous lots derived from simultaneous 30 samples measurements and analytical precision onboard R/V Mirai in May 2005. _________________________________________ Nitrate Phosphate Silicate CV% CV% CV% ------- --------- -------- BC 0.22 0.32 0.19 (AH) (0.39) (0.83) (0.13) (K) (0.3) (1.0) (0.2) Precision 0.22 0.22 0.12 _________________________________________ Note: N=30x2 (5) Quality control (5.1) Precision of nutrients analyses during the cruise Precision of nutrients analyses during the cruise was evaluated based on the 12 measurements, which are measured every 12 samples, during a run at the concentration evaluated n of C-7. We also the reproducibility based on the replicate analyses of five samples in each run. Summary of the precisions are shown in Table3.4.6. As shown in Table 3.4.6 and Figures 3.4.5-3.4.7, the precisions for each parameter are generally good considering analytical precisions estimated from the simultaneous analyses of 60 samples in May 2005. The analytical precisions previously evaluated were 0.22% for phosphate, 0.22% for nitrate and 0.12% for silicate, respectively. During this cruise, analytical precisions were 0.08% for phosphate, 0.07% for nitrate and 0.08% for silicate in terms of median of precision, respectively. Therefore we can conclude that the analytical precisions for phosphate, nitrate and silicate throughout this cruise were maintained or better than those compared to the precruise evaluations. The time series of precision are shown in Figures 3.4.5-3.4.7. TABLE 3.4.6. Summary of precision based on the replicate analyses of 12 samples in each run through out cruise. ________________________________________ Nitrate Phosphate Silicate CV% CV% CV% ------- --------- -------- Median 0.070 0.070 0.090 Mean 0.076 0.072 0.087 Maximum 0.170 0.190 0.170 Minimum 0.030 0.030 0.020 N 277.000 277.000 277.000 ________________________________________ (5.2) Carry-over We can also summarize the magnitudes of carry-over throughout the cruise. These are small enough within acceptable levels as shown in Table 3.4.7. TABLE 3.4.7. Summary of carry-over through out cruise. ______________________________________ Nitrate Phosphate Silicate % % % ------- --------- -------- Median 0.21 0.20 0.24 Mean 0.21 0.20 0.23 Maximum 0.40 0.40 0.43 Minimum 0.01 0.00 0.05 N 277.00 277.00 277.00 ______________________________________ (6) Evaluation of Z-scores of RMNSs Since we used RMNSs throughout the cruise, we can evaluate the trueness of our analysis in terms of Z-score of RMNSs. Z-score for each analysis of RMNS is defined as follows: Zpar = ABS((Cpar - Cnominal)/Ppar) (1) Where • Zpar is Z-score for an analysis. • Cpar is obtained concentration of a RMNS for interested parameter, nitrate, phosphate or silicate. • Cnominal is assigned concentration of RMNS for interested parameter, nitrate, phosphate or silicate. • Ppar is analytical precision at the concentration of RMNS for interested parameter, nitrate, phosphate or silicate. Averages of these Z-scores were obtained for three parameters, nitrate, phosphate and silicate based on Z-scores for 7 RMNSs used at each run and shown in Figure 3.4.8. Means of Z-score based on the Z-score of three parameters were also obtained and shown in Figure 3.4.9. These Z-scores were less than 0.5 in general and indicating that our analyses were in excellent tracerbility throughout the cruise. (7) Problems/improvements occurred and solutions Nothing occurred during the cruise. REFERENCES Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. 1991. Autoclaved seawater as a reference material for the determination of nitrate and phosphate in seawater. Anal. Chim. Acta , 248, 277-283. Aminot, A. and Kirkwood, D.S. 1995. Report on the results of the fifth ICES intercomparison exercise for nutrients in sea water, ICES coop. Res. Rep. Ser ., 213. Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. 1995. Reference material for nutrients in seawater: stability of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate in autoclaved samples. Mar. Chem ., 49, 221-232. Aoyama M., and Joyce T.M. 1996, WHP property comparisons from crossing lines in North Pacific. In Abstracts, 1996 WOCE Pacific Workshop , Newport Beach, California. Aoyama, M., Ota, H., Iwano, S., Kamiya, H., Kimura, M., Masuda, S., Nagai, N., Saito, K., Tubota, H. 2004. Reference material for nutrients in seawater in a seawater matrix, Mar. Chem ., submitted. Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., Kremling K. et al. 1983. Methods of seawater anylysis . 2nd rev. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, Germany, West. JAMSTEC, BEAGLE2003 DATA BOOK, 2005, Joyce, T. and Corry, C. 1994. Requirements for WOCE hydrographic programmed data reporting. WHPO Publication, 90-1, Revision 2, WOCE Report No. 67/91. Kirkwood, D.S. 1992. Stability of solutions of nutrient salts during storage. Mar. Chem ., 38, 151-164. Kirkwood, D.S. Aminot, A. and Perttila, M. 1991. Report on the results of the ICES fourth intercomparison exercise for nutrients in sea water. ICES coop. Res. Rep. Ser ., 174. Mordy, C.W., Aoyama, M., Gordon, L.I., Johnson, G.C., Key, R.M., Ross, A.A., Jennings, J.C. and Wilson. J. 2000. Deep water comparison studies of the Pacific WOCE nutrient data set. Eos Trans-American Geophysical Union . 80 (supplement), OS43. Murphy, J., and Riley, J.P. 1962. Analytica chim. Acta 27, 31-36. Gouretski, V.V. and Jancke, K. 2001. Systematic errors as the cause for an apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and historical hydrographic data · REVIEW ARTICLE, Progress In Oceanography , 48: Issue 4, 337-402. 3.5. DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (C(T)) July 18, 2007 (1) Personnel Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Minoru Kamata (MWJ) Masaki Moro (MWJ) Yoshiko Ishikawa (MWJ) (2) Introduction Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 1.5 ppmv y^(-1), due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human activities. In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line) using the R/V MIRAI, we aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed in North Pacific Intermediate Water, which is one of the characteristic waters in the North Pacific. For the purpose, we measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), total alkalinity (A(T)), pH and underway pCO2. In this section, we describe data on C(T) obtained in the cruise in detail. (3) Apparatus Measurements of C(T) were made with two total CO2 measuring systems (systems- and -B; Nippon ANS, Inc.), which are slightly different from each other. The systems comprise of a seawater dispensing system, a CO2 extraction system and a coulometer (Model 5012, UIC Inc.). The seawater dispensing system has an auto-sampler (6 ports), which takes seawater from a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle and dispenses the seawater to a pipette of nominal 20 or 26 ml volume by a PC control. The pipette is kept at 20°C by a water jacket, where water from a water bath set at 20°C is circulated. CO2 dissolved in a seawater sample is extracted in a stripping chamber of a CO2 extraction system by adding phosphoric acid (10% v/v). The stripping chamber is approximately 25 cm in length and has a fine frit at the bottom. In order to degas CO2 as quickly as possible, a heating wire kept at 40°C is rolled from the bottom to a 1/3 height of the stripping chamber. Acid is added to the stripping chamber from the bottom of the chamber by pressurizing an acid bottle for a given time to push out a an exact amount of acid. The pressurizing is made with nitrogen gas (99.9999%). After the acid is transferred to the stripping chamber, a seawater sample kept in a pipette is introduced to the stripping chamber by the same method as in adding acid. The seawater reacted with phosphoric acid is stripped of CO2 by bubbling the nitrogen gas through a fine frit at the bottom of the stripping chamber. The CO2 stripped in the stripping chamber is carried by the nitrogen gas (140 ml min-1 for the systems-A and -B) to the coulometer through a dehydrating module. For the system-A, the module consists of two electric dehumidifiers (kept at 1 - 2°C) and a chemical desiccant (Mg(ClO4)2). For the system-B, it consists of three electric dehumidifiers with a chemical desiccant. (4) Shipboard measurement SAMPLING All seawater samples were collected from depths with 12 liter Niskin bottles basically at every other station. he seawater samples for C(T) were taken with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) into a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle. The glass bottle was filled with seawater smoothly from the bottom following a rinse with a seawater of 2 full bottle volumes. The glass bottle was closed by a stopper, which was fitted to the bottle mouth gravimetrically without additional force. At a chemical laboratory on the ship, a headspace of approximately 1% of the bottle volume was made by removing seawater with a plastic pipette. A saturated mercuric chloride of 100 μl was added to poison seawater samples. The glass bottles were sealed with a greased (Apiezon M, M&I Materials Ltd) ground glass stopper and the clips were secured. The seawater samples were kept at 4°C in a refrigerator until analysis. A few hours just before analysis, the seawater samples were kept at 20°C in a water bath. ANALYSIS There were 3 legs in the P3 revisit cruise. At the start of each leg, we calibrated the measuring systems by blank and 5 kinds of Na(2)CO(3) solutions (nominally 500, 1,000 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 μmol/L). As it was empirically known that coulometers do not show a stable signal (low repeatability) with fresh (low absorption of carbon) coulometer solutions. Therefore we repeatedly measured 2% CO2 gas until the measurements became stable. Then we started the calibration. The measurement sequence such as system blank (phosphoric acid blank), 2% CO2 gas in a nitrogen base, seawater samples (6) was programmed to repeat. The measurement of 2% CO2 gas was made to monitor response of coulometer solutions (from UIC, Inc.). For every renewal of coulometer solutions, certified reference materials (CRMs, batch 72 and a small number of batch 69) provided by Prof. A. G. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography were analyzed. In addition, reference materials (RM) provided by JAMSTEC (2 kinds) and KANSO were measured at the initial, intermediate and end times of a coulometer solution's lifetime. The preliminary values were reported in a data sheet on the ship. Repeatability and vertical profiles of C(T) based on raw data for each station helped us check performances of the measuring systems. In the cruise, we finished all the analyses for C(T) on board the ship. As we used two systems, we did not encountered such a situation as that we had to abandon the measurement due to time limitation. During Leg.2, we replaced the pipette of a volume of 26 ml for the system-B to that of 22 ml after Stn. 251. Furthermore, a ramp of light source of the coulometer for the system-B was replaced. During Leg.3, only the system-A was used. (5) Quality control We conducted quality control of the data after returning to a laboratory on land. With calibration factors, which had been determined on board based on blank and 5 kinds of Na(2)CO(3) solutions (see analysis), we calculated C(T) of CRM (batches 69 and 72), and plotted the values as a function of sequential day, separating legs and the systems used. There were no statistically-significant trends of CRM measurements, except for the measurements with the system-A during Leg.3. As shown in Table 3.5.1, averages of C(T) of CRM shows a variation, probably implying instability of a coulometer. Based on the averages of C(T) of CRM, we re-calculated the calibration factors so that measurements of seawater samples could become comparable to the certified value of batches 72 or 69. Temporal variations of RM measurements for one coulomer solution are shown in Figure 3.5.1. This figure clearly shows that RM measurements had a linear trend of ~3 to ~6 μmol kg^(-1) day^(-1) , implying that measurements of seawater samples also have the trend. The trend was also found in temporal changes of 2% CO2 gas measurements. The trend seems to be due to "cell age" change (Johnson et al., 1998) of a coulometer solution. Considering these trends, we adjusted measurements of seawater samples to be comparable to the certified value of batches 72 or 69. Finally, we surveyed vertical profiles of C(T). In particular, we examined whether systematic differences between measurements of the systems-A and -B existed or not. Then taking other information of analyses into account, we determined a flag of each value of C(T). The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences of C(T) analyzed consecutively were 1.2 and 1.1 μmol kg^(-1) (n=129), 1.0 and 0.7 μmol kg-1 (n=197), and 0.5 and 0.5 μmol kg^(-1) (n=21), for Leg.1, 2 and 3, respectively. To evaluate accuracy of measured C(T), we compared vertical profiles of CT measured in MR05-05, C(T) calculated from AT and pH measured in MR05-05, and C(T) measured at a station of other WOCE lines crossing the P3 line. Results for cross station with WOCE P17 line along 135°W are shown in Figure 3.5.2. From this figure, it is found that C(T) measured in this cruise were sufficiently accurate. Together with other comprisons, we estimated the accuracy to be ~ ± 2.0 μmol kg-1. REFERENCE Johnson, K. M., A. G. Dickson, G. Eischeid, C. Goyet, P. Guenther, R. M. Key, F. J. Millero, D. Purkerson, C. L. Sabine, R. G. Schottle, D. W. R. Wallace, R. J. Wilke and C. D. Winn (1998), Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: assessment of the quality of total inorganic carbon measurements made during the US Indian Ocean CO2 survey 1994-1996, Mar. Chem., 63, 21-37. TABLE 3.5.1. Measurements of CT of CRM (batch 72 or 69) during the MR05-05 (WOCE P3 revisit) cruise. ______________________________________________________ Ave Std Batch Leg System Num (μmol kg^-1) (μmol kg^-1) number --- ------ --- ------------ ------------ ------ 1 A 8 1906.2 0.7 69 A 72 2091.7 1.3 72 B 24 2088.6 1.5 72 2 A 40 2093.9 1.9 72 B 9 2095.2 1.0 72 B 18 2093.4 1.8 72 3 A 2 2090.9 72 A 2 2088.8 72 A 2 2088.8 72 ______________________________________________________ The certified values of C(T) for batches 69 and 72 are 1907.63 and 2091.61 μmol kg^-1, respecticely. During the Leg. 2, the pipette of system-B was replaced. 3.6. TOTAL ALKALINITY (A(T)) July 18, 2007 (1) Personnel Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) Mikio Kitada (MWJ) Minoru Kamata (MWJ) Taeko Ohama (MWJ) (2) Introduction Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 1.5 ppmv y^(-1) due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 absorption, because the magnitude of the predicted global warming depends on the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human activities. In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line), we aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed in North Pacific Intermediate Water, which is one of the characteristic waters in the North Pacific. For the purpose, we measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), total alkalinity (A(T)),pH and underway pCO2. In this section, we describe data on A(T) obtained in the cruise in detail. (3) Apparatus The measuring system for A(T) (customized by Nippon ANS, Inc.) comprises of a water dispensing unit, an auto-burette (Metrohm), a pH meter (Thermo Orion) and an auto-sampler (6 ports). They are automatically controlled by a PC. Separate electrodes (Reference electrode: REF201, (Radiometer), Glass pH electrode: pHG201-7 (Radiometer)), or combined electrodes (ROSS 8102BN, Thermo Orion) were used. Seawater of approximately 40 ml is transferred from a sample bottle (borosilicate glass bottle; 130 ml) into a water-jacketed (25°C) pressurized by N2 gas and is introduced into a water-jacketed (25°C) titration cell. Next, a given volume of the titrant is injected into the titration cell. By this, pH of a seawater sample becomes 4.5 - 4.0. The seawater sample mixed with the titrant is stirred for three minutes with a stirring chip. Then a small volume of titrant (~0.1 ml) is injected until pH or e.m.f. reaches a given value. The concentration of the acid titrant is nominally 0.05 M HCl in 0.65 M NaCl. Calculation of A(T) is based on a modified Gran approach. (4) Shipboard measurement SAMPLING All seawater samples were collected from depths using 12-liter Niskin bottles basically at every other stations. The seawater samples for A(T) were taken with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) into borosilicate glass bottles of 130 ml. The glass bottle was filled with seawater smoothly from the bottom, after rinsed with seawater of a half or a full bottle volume. A few hours before analysis, the seawater samples were kept at 25°C in a water bath. ANALYSIS For A(T) measurement, we selected electrodes, which showed signals close to theoretical Nernstian behavior. At the start of each leg, we conducted calibration of the acid titrant, which was prepared on land. The calibration was made by measuring AT of 5 solutions of Na(2)CO(3) in 0.7 M NaCl solutions. The computed ATs were approximately 0, 100, 1,000, 2,000 and 2,500 μmol kg^(-1). The measured values of A(T) (calculated by assuming 0.05 M acid titrant) should be a linear function of the A(T) contributed by the Na(2)CO(3). The linear function was fitted by the method of least squares. Theoretically, the slope of the linear function should be unity. If the measured slope is not equal to unity, the acid normality should be adjusted by dividing initial normality by the slope, and the whole set of calculations is repeated until the slope = 1. Before starting analyses of seawater samples, we measured A(T) of dummy seawater samples to confirm a condition of the measuring system. If repeat measurements of A(T) were constant within ~3 μmol kg^(-1), we started measurement of seawater samples. We analyzed reference materials (RM), which were produced for C(T) measurement by JAMSTEC and were also efficient for monitoring A(T) measurement. In addition, certified reference materials (CRM, batches 69 and 72, certified value = 2114.42 and 2312.79 μmol kg^(-1), respectively) were analyzed periodically to monitor systematic differences of measured A(T). The reported values of A(T) were set to be traceable to the certified value. The preliminary values were reported in a data sheet on the ship. Repeatability calculated from replicate samples and vertical profiles of A(T) based on raw data for each station helped us check the performance of the measuring system. We finished all A(T) analyses on board the ship. Although we did not encounter such a serious problem that we had to give up the analyses, we experienced some malfunctions of the system during the cruise, which are summarized as follows: After analyses of a large number of samples, a drift of an electrode often occurred, appearing as differences of pH or e.m.f. against a constant volume of the titrant injected into a seawater sample. In this case, we changed pH or e.m.f. ranges for the subsequent A(T) calculation. (5) Quality control Temporal changes of A(T), which originate from analytical problems (drifts and sudden changes of responces of electrodes used, etc), were monitored by measuring A(T) of CRM. For example, discontinuous changes of A(T) are illustrated in Figure. 3.6.1. Based on averaged and certified values of A(T) of CRM, we re-calculated normality of HCl. Using the re-calibrated normality, we re-calculated A(T) of seawater samples. By this procedure, we could obtain A(T) values, which are comparable to CRM. After making the measured values of A(T) comparable to CRM, we examined vertical profiles of A(T). Then, taking other information of analyses into account, we determined a flag of each A(T) value. The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences in A(T) analyzed consecutively were 2.1 and 1.9 μmol kg^(-1) (n = 123), 1.9 and 1.5 μmol kg^(-1) (n = 203) and 2.2 and 1.9 μmol kg^(-1) (n = 20) for Leg.1, 2 and 3, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy of measured A(T), we compared vertical profiles of A(T) measured in MR05-05 with A(T) calculated from C(T) and pH measured in MR05-05, and with A(T) measured at a station of other WOCE lines crossing the P3 line. Results for cross station with the WOCE P16 line along 153°W are shown in Figure. 3.6.2. From this figure, it is found that A(T) measured in this cruise were sufficiently accurate. Together with other comparisons, we estimated the accuracy to be 3 - 2 μmol kg^(-1). 3.7. pH July 19, 2007 (1) Personnel Akihiko Murata (JAMSTEC) Fuyuki Shibata (MWJ) Taeko Ohama (MWJ) (2) Introduction Concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are currently increasing at a rate of 1.5 ppmv y^(-1) due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, cement production, and so on. It is an urgent task to estimate as accurately as possible the absorption capacity of the ocean against the increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as to clarify the mechanism of the CO2 absorption, because the magnitude of the anticipated global warming depends on the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, and because the ocean currently absorbs 1/3 of the 6 Gt of carbon emitted into the atmosphere each year by human activities. In this cruise (MR05-05, revisit of WOCE P3 line), we aimed to quantify how much anthropogenic CO2 absorbed in North Pacific Intermediate Water, which is one of the characteristic waters in the North Pacific. For the purpose, we measured CO2-system properties such as dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), total alkalinity (A(T)), pH and underway pCO2. In this section, we describe data on pH obtained in the cruise in detail. (3) Apparatus Measurement of pH was made by a pH measuring system (Nippon ANS, Inc.), which Adopts spectrophotometry. The system comprises of a water dispensing unit and a spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian). Seawater is transferred from borosilicate glass bottle (300 ml) to a sample cell in the spectrophotometer. The length and volume of the cell are 8 cm and 13 ml, respectively, and the sample cell was kept at 25.00 ± 0.05°C in a thermostated compartment. First, absorbance of seawater only is measured at three wavelengths (730, 578 and 434 nm). Then an indicator is injected and circulated for about 4 minutes to mix with seawater sufficiently. After the pump is stopped, the absorbance of seawater + indicator is measured at the same wavelengths. The pH is calculated based on the following equation (Clayton and Byrne, 1993): pH = pK(2) + log{(A(1)/(A(2) - 0.00691))/(2.2220 - 0.1331(A(1)/A(2))} (1) where A(1) and A(2) indicate the absorbance at 578 and 434 nm, respectively, and pK(2) is calculated as a function of water temperature and salinity. (4) Shipboard measurement SAMPLING All seawater samples were collected from depth with 12-liter Niskin bottles basically at every other stations. The seawater samples for pH were taken with a plastic drawing tube (PFA tubing connected to silicone rubber tubing) into a 300 ml borosilicate glass bottle, which was the same as used for C(T) sampling. The glass bottle was smoothly filled from its bottom with seawater after rinsed with an amount of seawater equal to the volume of two full bottles. The glass bottle was closed by a stopper, which was fitted to the bottle mouth gravimetrically without additional force. A few hours just before analysis, the seawater samples were kept at 25°C in a water bath. ANALYSIS For indicator solution, m-cresol purple (2 mM) was used. The indicator solution was produced on board the ship, and retained in a 1,000 ml DURAN(R) laboratory bottle. We renewed indicator solution 3 times when the headspace of the bottle became large, and monitored pH or absorbance ratio of the indicator solution by another spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian) using a cell with a short path length of 0.5 mm. In most indicator solutions, the absorbance ratios of the indicator solution were initially in the range 1.4 - 1.6, and decreased to 1.1. It is difficult to mix seawater with indicator solution sufficiently under no headspace condition. However, by circulating the mixed solution with a peristaltic pump, a well-mixed condition came to be obtained rather shortly, leading to a rapid stabilization of absorbance. We renewed a TYGON(R) tube of a peristaltic pump periodically, when a tube deteriorated. Absorbance of seawater only and that of seawater + indicator solutions were measured 15 times for each, and the averages computed from the last five values of the absorbance were used for pH calculation (Eq. 1). The preliminary values of pH were reported in a data sheet on the ship. Repeatability calculated from replicate samples and vertical profiles of pH based on raw data for each station helped us check performance of the measuring system. We finished all the analyses for pH on board the ship. We did not encounter such a serious problem that we had to give up the analyses. However, we sometimes experienced malfunctions of the system during the cruise: Differences between absorbance of seawater only and that of seawater + indicator solution were infrequently greater than ± 0.001. This implies dirt of the cell. In this case, we cleaned or replaced the cell. (5) Quality control Correction for pH change resulting from addition of indicator solutions is recommended (DOE, 1994). To check the perturbation of pH due to the addition, we measured absorbance ratios by doubling the volume of indicator solutions added to a same seawater sample. We corrected absorbance ratios based on an empirical method (DOE, 1994). Figure 3.7.1 illustrates an example of perturbation of absorbance ratios by adding indicator solutions. We surveyed vertical profiles of pH. In particular, we examined whether systematic differences between before and after the renewal of indicator solutions existed or not. Then taking other information of analyses into account, we determined a flag of each pH value. The average and standard deviation of absolute values of differences of pH analyzed consecutively were 0.0007 and 0.0012 pH unit (n = 163), 0.0007 and 0.0006 pH unit (n = 255), and 0.0009 and 0.0009 (n = 36) for Leg.1, 2 and 3, respectively. All values are reported in total pH scale. REFERENCES Clayton T.D. & R.H. Byrne (1993) Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results. Deep-Sea Research 40, 2115-2129. DOE (1994) Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water, version 2, A. G. Dickson & C. Goyet, eds. (unpublished manuscript). 3.8. CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs) October 3, 2007 (1) Personnel Ken'ichi Sasaki (JAMSTEC) Masahide Wakita (JAMSTEC) Shuichi Watanabe (JAMSTEC) Katsunori Sagishima (MWJ) Yuichi Sonoyama (MWJ) Hideki Yamamoto (MWJ) Keisuke Wataki (MWJ) Masanori Enoki (MWJ) (2) Introduction Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are completely man-made compounds that are chemically and biologically stable gasses in the environment. The CFCs have been accumulated in the atmosphere since 1930's (Walker et al., 2000). The atmospheric CFCs can slightly dissolve in sea surface water and then penetrated into the ocean interior by water circulation. The dissolved CFC concentrations in sea water have been used as transient tracers for the ocean circulation with times scale on the order of decades. In this cruise, we determined the concentrations of three CFC species, CFC-11 (CCl(3)F), CFC-12 (CCl(2)F(2)) and CFC-113 (C(2)Cl(3)F(3)). (3) Apparatus Dissolved CFCs were measured by a method modified from the original design of Bullister and Weiss (1988). Two analytical systems were used in this cruise. A custom made purging and trapping system was attached to gas chromatograph (GC-14B: Shimadzu Ltd). Stainless steel packed column ("1/8 OD tubing, 100- 120 mesh Porapak T(R) packed 5cm) was used as a cold trap. Silica Plot capillary column [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 4 m, tick: 0.25 μm] and a tandem capillary column (Pola Bond-Q [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 7 m, tick: 6.0 μm] followed by Silica Plot [i.d.: 0.53 mm, length: 22 m, tick: 0.25 μm]) was used as a pre-column and main column, respectively. Each CFC was detected by an electron capture detector (ECD-14: Shimadzu Ltd). (4) Shipboard measurement SAMPLING Seawater sub-samples for CFC measurements were collected from 12 liter Niskin bottles to 300 ml subsampling glass bottles which were developed for CFC analyses in JAMSTEC. The sub-sampling bottles have stainless steel union altered from original design of Swagelok(R) on the end of the bottle. A 6 mm OD glass tube goes through the union into the bottle interior and reaches to near the bottom of bottle. A small plastic stop valve was on the upper end of glass tube. The bottles were filled by nitrogen gas before sampling. The stop valve was connected to Niskin bottle. The sub-sample was introduced from the bottom. Two times of the bottle volumes of seawater sample were overflowed from vent valve put on side of the union and then the all valves closed from downstream. The bottles filled by seawater sample were kept in water bathes roughly controlled on sample temperature. The CFC concentrations were determined as soon as possible after sampling. These procedures were needed in order to minimize contamination from atmospheric CFCs. ANALYSIS The CFCs analytical system is modified from the original design of Bullister and Weiss (1988). Analytical conditions are listed in Table 3.8.1. Constant volume of sample water (50 ml) is taken into the purging & trapping system. Dissolved CFCs are de-gassed by N2 gas purge and concentrated in a cold trap column. The CFCs are desorbed by electrically heating the trap column, and lead into the pre-column. CFCs and other compounds are roughly separated in the pre-column. The pre-column is switched to cleaning line and flushed buck by counter flow of pure nitrogen gas when CFCs completely go through pre- column. The back flush system is prevent to enter any compounds that have higher retention time than CFC-113 into main analytical column and permits short time analysis. CFCs which are sent into main column are separated further and detected by an electron capture detector (ECD). Gas loops that the volumes were around 1, 3 and 10 ml were used for introducing standard gases into the analytical system. The standard gasses had been made by Japan Fine Products co. ltd. Cylinder numbers of CPB28620, CPB30532 and CPB30528 for working gases and CPB30524 for reference gas were used for calibration. Mixing ratios of the standard gasses were calculated by gravimetric data (Table 3.8.2). The standard gases used in this cruise have not been calibrated to SIO scale standard gases yet because SIO scale standard gasses is hard to obtain due to legal difficulties for CFCs import into Japan. The data will be corrected as soon as possible after calibrations of the standard gasses. TABLE 3.8.1. Analytical conditions of dissolved CRCs in seawater. Temperature ------------- --- Column oven: 95° TABLE 3.8.2. CFC mixing ratios of standard gasses. ________________________________________________________________ CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 Cylinder ------ ------ ------- Application Pptv --------- ----------------------- -------------------------- CPB28620 301 169 50.3 Working gas for Leg.2 & 3 CPB30524 300 159 30.2 Reference gas for all Legs CPB30528 300 158 29.9 Working gas for Leg.2 CPB30532 300 158 29.9 Working gas for Leg.1 & 2 ________________________________________________________________ (5) Quality control BLANK Some blank water samples which were made by nitrogen purge of seawater in CFCs sample bottle were analyzed and any CFCs were not detected. Significant increase in CFCs concentration during keeping sampling bottle in a water bath was not found for around one week. CFC concentrations in deep water which was one of oldest water masses of the ocean were low but not zero for CFC-11 and -12. Average concentrations of CFC-11, 12 in denser water than 27.6 sigma-0 were 0.022 ± 0.008 (n = 1430), 0.009 ± 0.004 (n = 1379). These values were assumed as sampling blanks which was contaminations from Niskin bottle and/or during sub-sampling and were subtracted from all data. Concentration of CFC-113 in deep water mass is less than detection limit at about half of stations but significant blank had been found in other stations(0.006 ± 0.003 pmol kg-1 in average (n = 773)). Cause of the blank was unknown. In this case, mean value in deep water samples at each station was considered to be blank for analysis at the station and was subtracted from measurements. INTERFERING COMPOUND FOR CFC-113 ANALYSIS A large and broad peak was interfered determining CFC-113 peak area for samples collected from surface layer. Retention time of the interfering peak was around 3% shorter than that of CFC-113. The peak of a compound interfering CFC-113 determination could not be completely separated from the peak of CFC-113 by our analytical condition. We tried to split these peaks on chromatogram analysis and give flag "4". In the case of the interfering peak completely covering the CFC-113 peak, we could not determine CFC-113 peak area and give flag "5". PRECISIONS The analytical precisions were estimated from replicate sample analyses. The replicate samples were basically collected from two sampling depths which is around 250 m and 800 m depth. The precisions were estimated by two methods. One (A) is estimated by following equation, s= (S (DC2) /(2n-1))0.5, where DC is difference between replicate analyses. Another (B) is average difference of replicate analyses (with standard deviation, SD). Precisions estimated from former equation were 0.006 (n = 377), 0.004 (n = 376) and 0.004 (n = 298) pmol kg^(-1) for CFC-11, -12 and -113 determinations. These from latter were 0.006 (SD=0.007), 0.004 (0.004) and 0.004 (0.005) pmol kg^(-1) for CFC- 11, -12 and -113 determinations. REFERENCES Walker, S.J., Weiss, R.F. and Salameh, P.K., Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC- 12, CFC-113 and Carbon Tetrachloride, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 14,285-14,296, (2000). Bullister, J.L and Weiss, R.F. Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in seawater and air. Deep Sea Research, 35, 839-853 (1988). 3.9. LADCP(LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER) September 3, 2007 (1) Personnel Shinya Kouketsu (JAMSTEC) Ikuo Kaneko (JAMSTEC) Shuichi Watanabe (JAMSTEC) Hiroshi Uchida (JAMSTEC) Takayoshi Seike (MWJ) (2) Instrument and method Direct flow measurement from sea surface to sea bottom was carried out using a lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP). The instrument was the RDI Workhorse Monitor 307.2 kHz unit (RD Instruments, USA). The instrument was attached downward on the CTD/RMS frame. The CPU firmware version was 16.27. One ping raw data were recorded. From Sta. 1 to St. 48, a bin length was set to 16 m. The bin length of 8m was used from Sta. 50. A total of 79, 126 and 31 operations were made with CTD observations in Leg.1 from San Diego to Honolulu, in Leg.2 from Honolulu to Nakagusuku, and in Leg.3 from Nakagusuku to Sekinehama, respectively. Since the pressure resistance of the instrument is 6,500 dbar, the instrument was detached on the CTD/RMS frame at Stas. 223, 293, 353 and 357 where the depth was deeper than about 6,000 dbar. The performance of the LADCP instrument was not good from Sta. 1 to Sta. 110 in Leg.1. The data near the bottom were often missed. We replaced the Serial Number (SN) 2553 of the instruments with the SN 1512 of it from Sta. 112. The performance was improved. Profiles of the area over 100 m distance from LADCP in shallow depths and of the area to almost 60 m in deeper depths were obtained. Echo intensity was weak between stations 351 and 367. Backscatters might be especially too few in this section. (3) Data process and result Vertical profiles of velocity are obtained by the inversion method (Visbeck, 2002). Since the first bin from LADCP is influenced by turbulence generated by CTD frame, the weight for the inversion is set to small value of 0.1. GPS navigation data are used in the calculation of reference velocities and the bottom-track data are used for correcting the reference velocities. Shipboard ADCP (SADCP) data averaged for 3 minutes are also included in the calculation. The CTD data are used for sound speed and depth calculation. IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) 10th generation data are used for calculating magnetic deviation to correct the direction of velocity. In the process, we use Matlab routines provided from M. Visbeck and G. Krahmann (http://ladcp.ldeo.columbia.edu/ladcp). Error velocities estimated by the inversion are small values of 0.05 - 0.2 m/s, but the typical value of the surface currents is about 0.2 m/s in this section. It may be difficult to describe the detailed structure of currents by using these values. In Leg.3 (Okinawa trough, Tokara strait, and Tsushima strait cross sections), small error velocities (less than 10 cm/s) were estimated. Velocities using bottom tracks were 5 - 10 cm/s. The large bottom flow of about 15 cm/s was observed near the shore of the United States. The errors of 0.5 - 2 cm/s were quite small. It is sufficient to detect the bottom current. The velocities near the bottom are not shown in Leg.3, since the depths were shallow and the inversion errors were sufficient small all through the water columns. REFERENCE Visbeck, M. (2002): Deep velocity profiling using Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers: Bottom track and inverse solutions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 794-807. 49MR0505_1.sum FILE ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 1 SHIP/CRS WOCE CAST UTC EVENT POSITION UNC COR HT ABOVE WIRE MAX NO. OF EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO TYPE DATE TIME CODE LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAV DEPTH DEPTH BOTTOM OUT PRESS BOTTLES PARAMETERS COMMENTS ---------- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ---------- ------------ --- ----- ----- ------ ---- ----- -------- --------------------------- ------------------------------ 49MR0505_1 P03 1 1 ROS 103105 1856 BE 32 39.14 N 117 19.93 W GPS 110 110 49MR0505_1 P03 1 1 BUC 103105 1859 UN 32 39.11 N 117 19.88 W GPS 108 108 1,33 16.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 1 1 UNK 103105 1859 UN 32 39.11 N 117 19.88 W GPS 108 108 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 1 1 ROS 103105 1902 BO 32 39.08 N 117 19.85 W GPS 107 108 9 92 95 3 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 1 1 ROS 103105 1909 EN 32 39.02 N 117 19.84 W GPS 108 108 49MR0505_1 P03 2 1 ROS 103105 1947 BE 32 38.38 N 117 25.88 W GPS 150 151 49MR0505_1 P03 2 1 BUC 103105 1948 UN 32 38.38 N 117 25.89 W GPS 150 151 1 17.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 2 1 ROS 103105 1954 BO 32 38.32 N 117 25.95 W GPS 150 151 7 138 140 4 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 2 1 ROS 103105 2006 EN 32 38.19 N 117 25.97 W GPS 151 151 49MR0505_1 P03 3 1 ROS 103105 2114 BE 32 37.02 N 117 30.16 W GPS 1192 1191 49MR0505_1 P03 3 1 BUC 103105 2121 UN 32 36.94 N 117 30.19 W GPS 1192 1191 1,31,33 18.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 3 1 UNK 103105 2121 UN 32 36.94 N 117 30.19 W GPS 1192 1191 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 3 1 ROS 103105 2139 BO 32 36.80 N 117 30.27 W GPS 1193 1192 10 1189 1189 22 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,81 #2 AT OXYCLINE 49MR0505_1 P03 3 1 ROS 103105 2235 EN 32 36.31 N 117 30.55 W GPS 1206 1204 49MR0505_1 501 1 UNK 103105 2255 UN 32 36.41 N 117 32.06 W GPS 1203 1204 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 4 1 ROS 110105 0002 BE 32 38.39 N 117 40.54 W GPS 1048 1047 49MR0505_1 P03 4 1 BUC 110105 0010 UN 32 38.31 N 117 40.60 W GPS 1023 1031 1 18.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 4 1 ROS 110105 0027 BO 32 38.25 N 117 40.76 W GPS 973 971 8 984 994 14 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 4 1 ROS 110105 0116 EN 32 37.86 N 117 41.01 W GPS 968 970 49MR0505_1 P03 6 1 ROS 110105 0246 BE 32 31.70 N 118 1.83 W GPS 1895 1888 49MR0505_1 P03 6 1 BUC 110105 0254 UN 32 31.61 N 118 1.75 W GPS 1909 1906 1,33 17.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 6 1 UNK 110105 0254 UN 32 31.61 N 118 1.75 W GPS 1909 1906 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 6 1 ROS 110105 0322 BO 32 31.33 N 118 1.61 W GPS 1877 1883 9 1883 1866 19 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 6 1 ROS 110105 0436 EN 32 30.58 N 118 1.66 W GPS 1880 1877 49MR0505_1 P03 8 1 ROS 110105 1758 BE 32 21.83 N 118 20.31 W GPS 637 639 49MR0505_1 P03 8 1 BUC 110105 1800 UN 32 21.85 N 118 20.30 W GPS 638 638 1,33 17.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 8 1 UNK 110105 1800 UN 32 21.85 N 118 20.30 W GPS 638 638 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 8 1 ROS 110105 1814 BO 32 21.94 N 118 20.17 W GPS 677 677 12 664 669 11 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 8 1 ROS 110105 1847 EN 32 22.08 N 118 19.87 W GPS 718 715 49MR0505_1 P03 10 1 ROS 110105 2044 BE 32 9.19 N 118 45.83 W GPS 1314 1314 49MR0505_1 P03 10 1 BUC 110105 2053 UN 32 9.14 N 118 45.71 W GPS 1304 1303 1,33 18.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 10 1 UNK 110105 2053 UN 32 9.14 N 118 45.71 W GPS 1304 1303 AIR N2O SMPL 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49MR0505_1 P03 14 1 ROS 110205 0421 EN 31 50.50 N 119 21.64 W GPS 1763 1762 49MR0505_1 P03 16 1 ROS 110205 0542 BE 31 46.14 N 119 31.85 W GPS 2754 2751 49MR0505_1 P03 16 1 BUC 110205 0549 UN 31 46.10 N 119 31.86 W GPS 2776 2772 1 18.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 16 1 ROS 110205 0628 BO 31 45.87 N 119 31.96 W GPS 2882 2885 11 2813 2822 23 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 16 1 ROS 110205 0753 EN 31 45.29 N 119 32.02 W GPS 3322 3316 49MR0505_1 P03 18 1 ROS 110205 0857 BE 31 40.42 N 119 43.02 W GPS 3750 3739 49MR0505_1 P03 18 1 BUC 110205 0904 UN 31 40.37 N 119 43.00 W GPS 3745 3736 1 17.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 18 1 ROS 110205 0957 BO 31 40.25 N 119 43.16 W GPS 3756 3745 13 3736 3777 28 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 18 1 ROS 110205 1140 EN 31 40.06 N 119 43.43 W GPS 3751 3742 49MR0505_1 P03 20 1 ROS 110205 1323 BE 31 30.46 N 120 2.52 W GPS 3735 3725 49MR0505_1 P03 20 1 BUC 110205 1331 UN 31 30.39 N 120 2.55 W GPS 3735 3725 1,33 16.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 20 1 UNK 110205 1340 UN 31 30.30 N 120 2.54 W GPS 3729 3727 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 20 1 ROS 110205 1423 BO 31 29.92 N 120 2.73 W GPS 3737 3729 10 3774 3764 27 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 20 1 ROS 110205 1614 EN 31 29.01 N 120 3.66 W GPS 3760 3746 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 ROS 110205 1820 BE 31 14.04 N 120 33.13 W GPS 3815 3813 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 BUC 110205 1827 UN 31 14.00 N 120 33.09 W GPS 3812 3812 1,33 17.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 UNK 110205 1833 UN 31 13.96 N 120 33.08 W GPS 3814 3813 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 ROS 110205 1919 BO 31 13.67 N 120 33.16 W GPS 3811 3810 9 3834 3855 36 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 UNK 110205 1929 BE 31 13.67 N 120 33.16 W GPS 3811 3811 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 UNK 110205 1947 EN 31 13.67 N 120 33.16 W GPS 3811 3813 49MR0505_1 P03 22 1 ROS 110205 2110 EN 31 13.14 N 120 33.06 W GPS 3815 3814 49MR0505_1 503 1 UNK 110205 2212 UN 31 6.00 N 120 47.30 W GPS 3927 3929 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 24 1 ROS 110305 0001 BE 30 53.18 N 121 14.21 W GPS 3955 3954 49MR0505_1 P03 24 1 BUC 110305 0009 UN 30 53.11 N 121 14.15 W GPS 3953 3951 1,33 18.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 24 1 UNK 110305 0015 UN 30 53.06 N 121 14.08 W GPS 3960 3958 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 24 1 ROS 110305 0105 BO 30 52.71 N 121 14.08 W GPS 3960 3960 10 3974 4007 28 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 24 1 ROS 110305 0257 EN 30 52.25 N 121 13.86 W GPS 3989 3989 49MR0505_1 P03 26 1 ROS 110305 0627 BE 30 29.02 N 122 1.72 W GPS 3794 3795 49MR0505_1 P03 26 1 BUC 110305 0634 UN 30 28.95 N 122 1.72 W GPS 3794 3794 1 18.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 26 1 ROS 110305 0727 BO 30 28.69 N 122 1.98 W GPS 3854 3854 11 3825 3848 28 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 26 1 ROS 110305 0911 EN 30 28.09 N 122 2.26 W GPS 3954 3942 49MR0505_1 P03 28 1 ROS 110305 1212 BE 30 1.33 N 122 35.09 W GPS 4324 4327 49MR0505_1 P03 28 1 BUC 110305 1219 UN 30 1.27 N 122 35.10 W GPS 4318 4319 1,31,33,82 19.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 28 1 UNK 110305 1300 UN 30 0.96 N 122 35.23 W GPS 4301 4324 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 28 1 ROS 110305 1319 BO 30 0.88 N 122 35.33 W GPS 4317 4319 10 4324 4357 35 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 #2 AT OXYCLINE 49MR0505_1 P03 28 1 ROS 110305 1524 EN 30 0.01 N 122 36.40 W GPS 4312 4313 49MR0505_1 P03 28 2 UNK 110305 1524 UN 30 0.01 N 122 36.40 W GPS 4312 4313 AIR CH4 SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 30 1 ROS 110305 1826 BE 29 32.59 N 123 14.25 W GPS 4248 4252 49MR0505_1 P03 30 1 BUC 110305 1833 UN 29 32.51 N 123 14.31 W GPS 4251 4255 1,33 18.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 30 1 UNK 110305 1834 UN 29 32.50 N 123 14.32 W GPS 4265 4257 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 30 1 ROS 110305 1933 BO 29 32.25 N 123 14.81 W GPS 4257 4260 9 4303 4324 30 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 30 1 ROS 110305 2129 EN 29 31.95 N 123 15.65 W GPS 4218 4203 49MR0505_1 504 1 UNK 110305 2150 UN 29 30.04 N 123 18.33 W GPS 4244 4264 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 31 1 ROS 110405 0031 BE 29 3.05 N 123 52.38 W GPS 4468 4442 49MR0505_1 P03 31 1 BUC 110405 0038 UN 29 3.04 N 123 52.48 W GPS 4416 4412 1,33 19.3C 49MR0505_1 P03 31 1 UNK 110405 0043 UN 29 3.05 N 123 52.55 W GPS 4418 4419 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 31 1 ROS 110405 0143 BO 29 2.97 N 123 53.35 W GPS 4395 4392 11 4510 4459 30 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 31 1 ROS 110405 0343 EN 29 2.98 N 123 54.93 W GPS 4418 4423 49MR0505_1 P03 33 1 ROS 110405 0643 BE 28 35.19 N 124 30.59 W GPS 4358 4359 49MR0505_1 P03 33 1 BUC 110405 0649 UN 28 35.15 N 124 30.68 W GPS 4351 4354 1 19.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 33 1 ROS 110405 0751 BO 28 35.07 N 124 31.33 W GPS 4334 4333 9 4403 4413 29 1-8,27 #12 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_1 P03 33 1 ROS 110405 0941 EN 28 35.28 N 124 32.35 W GPS 4318 4321 49MR0505_1 P03 34 1 ROS 110405 1246 BE 28 6.15 N 125 7.49 W GPS 4318 4319 49MR0505_1 P03 34 1 BUC 110405 1254 UN 28 6.14 N 125 7.58 W GPS 4310 4316 1,33 20.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 34 1 UNK 110405 1300 UN 28 6.15 N 125 7.65 W GPS 4300 4303 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 34 1 ROS 110405 1356 BO 28 6.13 N 125 8.28 W GPS 4289 4295 9 4359 4363 30 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 34 1 ROS 110405 1555 EN 28 6.25 N 125 9.20 W GPS 4154 4154 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 ROS 110405 1904 BE 27 35.94 N 125 45.65 W GPS 4409 4414 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 BUC 110405 1911 UN 27 35.95 N 125 45.70 W GPS 4418 4423 1,33 20.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 UNK 110405 1919 UN 27 35.95 N 125 45.75 W GPS 4418 4437 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 UNK 110405 2011 BE 27 35.88 N 125 46.16 W GPS 4493 4489 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 ROS 110405 2016 BO 27 35.88 N 125 46.16 W GPS 4493 4494 9 4481 4521 33 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 UNK 110405 2022 EN 27 35.87 N 125 46.20 W GPS 4493 4494 49MR0505_1 P03 36 1 ROS 110405 2211 EN 27 35.59 N 125 46.95 W GPS 4488 4484 49MR0505_1 505 1 UNK 110405 2229 UN 27 34.09 N 125 49.21 W GPS 4511 4521 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 38 1 ROS 110505 0106 BE 27 9.13 N 126 22.65 W GPS 4353 4356 49MR0505_1 P03 38 1 BUC 110505 0114 UN 27 9.07 N 126 22.68 W GPS 4346 4348 1,33 20.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 38 1 UNK 110505 0121 UN 27 9.05 N 126 22.71 W GPS 4348 4348 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 38 1 ROS 110505 0215 BO 27 8.88 N 126 22.93 W GPS 4383 4385 11 4355 4402 30 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #19 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_1 P03 38 1 ROS 110505 0411 EN 27 8.60 N 126 23.90 W GPS 4437 4432 49MR0505_1 P03 40 1 ROS 110505 0709 BE 26 39.58 N 126 57.24 W GPS 4317 4324 49MR0505_1 P03 40 1 BUC 110505 0715 UN 26 39.61 N 126 57.35 W GPS 4322 4329 1 20.6C 49MR0505_1 P03 40 1 ROS 110505 0819 BO 26 40.00 N 126 58.08 W GPS 4524 4522 9 4504 4459 31 1-8,27 #1=#2 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 40 1 ROS 110505 1012 EN 26 40.65 N 126 58.68 W GPS 4684 4684 49MR0505_1 P03 42 1 ROS 110505 1322 BE 26 10.69 N 127 34.52 W GPS 4629 4628 49MR0505_1 P03 42 1 BUC 110505 1331 UN 26 10.72 N 127 34.67 W GPS 4628 4627 1,31,33 20.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 42 1 UNK 110505 1351 UN 26 10.78 N 127 34.97 W GPS 4611 4597 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 42 1 ROS 110505 1438 BO 26 10.97 N 127 35.56 W GPS 4545 4554 8 4721 4668 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,81 #2 AT OXYCLINE 49MR0505_1 P03 42 1 ROS 110505 1646 EN 26 11.01 N 127 37.21 W GPS 4555 4549 49MR0505_1 P03 42 2 UNK 110505 1646 UN 26 11.01 N 127 37.21 W GPS 4555 4549 AIR CH4 SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 44 1 ROS 110505 1955 BE 25 40.98 N 128 11.85 W GPS 4280 4276 49MR0505_1 P03 44 1 BUC 110505 2002 UN 25 41.01 N 128 11.90 W GPS 4292 4278 1,33 21.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 44 1 UNK 110505 2008 UN 25 41.06 N 128 11.94 W GPS 4267 4266 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 44 1 ROS 110505 2106 BO 25 41.23 N 128 12.48 W GPS 4208 4206 9 4264 4277 30 1-8,27 #1=#3 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 506 1 UNK 110505 2156 UN 25 41.36 N 128 12.75 W GPS 4347 4335 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 44 1 ROS 110505 2301 EN 25 41.56 N 128 13.38 W GPS 4466 4464 49MR0505_1 P03 46 1 ROS 110605 0400 BE 25 12.87 N 128 48.79 W GPS 4744 4743 49MR0505_1 P03 46 1 BUC 110605 0407 UN 25 12.86 N 128 48.88 W GPS 4741 4704 1,33 21.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 46 1 UNK 110605 0420 UN 25 12.82 N 128 49.02 W GPS 4741 4743 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 46 1 ROS 110605 0515 BO 25 12.86 N 128 49.47 W GPS 4669 4675 8 4775 4804 32 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 46 1 ROS 110605 0720 EN 25 13.49 N 128 50.32 W GPS 4547 4546 49MR0505_1 P03 48 1 ROS 110605 1032 BE 24 42.70 N 129 24.94 W GPS 4500 4500 49MR0505_1 P03 48 1 BUC 110605 1040 UN 24 42.75 N 129 25.00 W GPS 4501 4500 1 21.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 48 1 ROS 110605 1143 BO 24 43.05 N 129 25.41 W GPS 4478 4484 9 4523 4556 32 1-8,27 #1=#4 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 48 1 ROS 110605 1347 EN 24 43.01 N 129 26.16 W GPS 4491 4486 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 ROS 110605 1648 BE 24 15.44 N 130 1.79 W GPS 4613 4614 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 BUC 110605 1656 UN 24 15.47 N 130 1.85 W GPS 4616 4619 1,33 21.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 UNK 110605 1659 UN 24 15.47 N 130 1.88 W GPS 4626 4626 AIR N2O SMPL ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 49MR0505_1.sum FILE CONT'D ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 1 SHIP/CRS WOCE CAST UTC EVENT POSITION UNC COR HT ABOVE WIRE MAX NO. OF EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO TYPE DATE TIME CODE LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAV DEPTH DEPTH BOTTOM OUT PRESS BOTTLES PARAMETERS COMMENTS ---------- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ---------- ------------ --- ----- ----- ------ ---- ----- -------- --------------------------- --------------------------------------------- 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 ROS 110605 1800 BO 24 15.51 N 130 2.31 W GPS 4614 4614 9 4635 4684 35 1-8,22,27 #1=#5 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 UNK 110605 1806 BE 24 15.51 N 130 2.31 W GPS 4614 4624 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 UNK 110605 1824 EN 24 15.51 N 130 2.31 W GPS 4614 4611 49MR0505_1 P03 50 1 ROS 110605 2008 EN 24 15.58 N 130 3.17 W GPS 4644 4640 49MR0505_1 507 1 UNK 110605 2212 UN 24 15.32 N 130 35.75 W GPS 4872 4873 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 51 1 ROS 110605 2310 BE 24 15.62 N 130 49.99 W GPS 4725 4726 49MR0505_1 P03 51 1 BUC 110605 2317 UN 24 15.59 N 130 50.06 W GPS 4742 4742 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 51 1 UNK 110605 2322 UN 24 15.59 N 130 50.11 W GPS 4754 4744 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 51 1 ROS 110705 0024 BO 24 15.55 N 130 50.83 W GPS 4747 4758 10 4826 4821 32 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #1=#6 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS, #28 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_1 P03 51 1 ROS 110705 0228 EN 24 15.71 N 130 51.90 W GPS 4758 4756 49MR0505_1 P03 53 1 ROS 110705 0532 BE 24 16.29 N 131 39.16 W GPS 4692 4694 49MR0505_1 P03 53 1 BUC 110705 0539 UN 24 16.31 N 131 39.17 W GPS 4696 4694 1,33 21.6C 49MR0505_1 P03 53 1 UNK 110705 0547 UN 24 16.30 N 131 39.20 W GPS 4696 4693 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 53 1 ROS 110705 0643 BO 24 16.31 N 131 39.38 W GPS 4695 4694 9 4693 4761 32 1-8,27 #1=#7 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 53 1 ROS 110705 0845 EN 24 16.14 N 131 39.95 W GPS 4681 4677 49MR0505_1 P03 55 1 ROS 110705 1149 BE 24 14.79 N 132 25.84 W GPS 4625 4625 49MR0505_1 P03 55 1 BUC 110705 1157 UN 24 14.81 N 132 25.86 W GPS 4642 4626 1 21.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 55 1 ROS 110705 1304 BO 24 14.71 N 132 26.11 W GPS 4626 4625 10 4646 4701 32 1-8,27 #1=#8 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 55 1 ROS 110705 1515 EN 24 14.46 N 132 26.73 W GPS 4642 4670 49MR0505_1 P03 56 1 ROS 110705 1820 BE 24 15.42 N 133 14.25 W GPS 4874 4866 49MR0505_1 P03 56 1 BUC 110705 1827 UN 24 15.37 N 133 14.28 W GPS 4863 4865 1,31,33,82 21.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 56 1 UNK 110705 1832 UN 24 15.36 N 133 14.31 W GPS 4873 4864 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 56 1 ROS 110705 1935 BO 24 15.22 N 133 14.66 W GPS 4860 4857 9 4881 4938 33 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82 #1=#9 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 56 1 ROS 110705 2139 EN 24 14.91 N 133 15.38 W GPS 4841 4840 49MR0505_1 508 1 UNK 110705 2225 UN 24 14.75 N 133 25.90 W GPS 4882 4872 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 58 1 ROS 110805 0045 BE 24 15.06 N 134 2.78 W GPS 4796 4804 49MR0505_1 P03 58 1 BUC 110805 0052 UN 24 15.00 N 134 2.80 W GPS 4808 4798 1,33 21.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 58 1 UNK 110805 0058 UN 24 14.95 N 134 2.83 W GPS 4815 4809 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 58 1 ROS 110805 0159 BO 24 14.60 N 134 3.16 W GPS 4842 4831 10 4866 4907 33 1-8,27 #1=#10 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 509 1 UNK 110805 0300 UN 24 14.18 N 134 3.43 W GPS 4842 4845 RAIN SMPL (0.3MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 P03 58 1 ROS 110805 0407 EN 24 13.60 N 134 4.21 W GPS 4843 4843 49MR0505_1 P03 X17 1 ROS 110805 0748 BE 23 59.89 N 135 0.10 W GPS 4858 4867 49MR0505_1 P03 X17 1 BUC 110805 0756 UN 23 59.80 N 135 0.20 W GPS 4875 4868 1 22.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 X17 1 ROS 110805 0904 BO 23 59.80 N 135 0.63 W GPS 4841 4842 9 4865 4926 33 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #1=#11 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 X17 1 ROS 110805 1107 EN 23 59.85 N 135 1.68 W GPS 4824 4824 49MR0505_1 P03 62 1 ROS 110805 1433 BE 24 15.15 N 135 37.46 W GPS 4491 4500 49MR0505_1 P03 62 1 BUC 110805 1444 UN 24 15.24 N 135 37.57 W GPS 4497 4492 1,33 21.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 62 1 UNK 110805 1449 UN 24 15.26 N 135 37.64 W GPS 4478 4474 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 62 1 ROS 110805 1550 BO 24 15.47 N 135 37.98 W GPS 4462 4472 10 4487 4537 31 1-8,27 #1=#12 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 62 1 ROS 110805 1758 EN 24 15.96 N 135 39.74 W GPS 4442 4438 49MR0505_1 P03 64 1 ROS 110805 2110 BE 24 14.13 N 136 26.57 W GPS 4450 4461 49MR0505_1 P03 64 1 BUC 110805 2120 UN 24 14.25 N 136 26.64 W GPS 4459 4462 1,33 22.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 64 1 UNK 110805 2133 UN 24 14.38 N 136 26.74 W GPS 4417 4425 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 64 1 ROS 110805 2229 BO 24 14.74 N 136 27.37 W GPS 4272 4293 10 4492 4459 31 1-8,23,24,26,27 #1=#13 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 510 1 UNK 110805 2237 UN 24 14.81 N 136 27.46 W GPS 4287 4287 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 64 1 ROS 110905 0037 EN 24 15.28 N 136 28.65 W GPS 4593 4589 49MR0505_1 P03 66 1 ROS 110905 0336 BE 24 14.14 N 137 13.14 W GPS 4841 4840 49MR0505_1 P03 66 1 BUC 110905 0346 UN 24 14.10 N 137 13.19 W GPS 4840 4835 1,33 22.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 66 1 UNK 110905 0353 UN 24 14.07 N 137 13.22 W GPS 4840 4830 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 66 1 ROS 110905 0454 BO 24 14.08 N 137 13.84 W GPS 4838 4828 9 4909 4900 33 1-8,27 #1=#14 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 66 1 ROS 110905 0702 EN 24 14.44 N 137 15.01 W GPS 4827 4832 49MR0505_1 P03 67 1 ROS 110905 0958 BE 24 13.86 N 137 59.86 W GPS 4894 4894 49MR0505_1 P03 67 1 BUC 110905 1006 UN 24 13.86 N 137 59.97 W GPS 4914 4904 1 22.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 67 1 ROS 110905 1117 BO 24 14.17 N 138 0.53 W GPS 4942 4944 10 4990 5012 33 1-8,27 #1=#15 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 67 1 ROS 110905 1333 EN 24 14.68 N 138 1.32 W GPS 4958 4957 49MR0505_1 P03 69 1 ROS 110905 1634 BE 24 14.60 N 138 47.98 W GPS 5169 5171 49MR0505_1 P03 69 1 BUC 110905 1644 UN 24 14.66 N 138 48.13 W GPS 5172 5173 1,31,33 22.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 69 1 UNK 110905 1650 UN 24 14.71 N 138 48.19 W GPS 5168 5174 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 69 1 ROS 110905 1756 BO 24 14.94 N 138 48.19 W GPS 5174 5180 10 5178 5255 34 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33 #1=#16 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 69 1 ROS 110905 2014 EN 24 15.49 N 138 48.77 W GPS 5187 5190 49MR0505_1 P03 69 2 UNK 110905 2014 UN 24 15.49 N 138 48.77 W GPS 5187 5190 AIR CH4 SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 71 1 ROS 110905 2332 BE 24 14.67 N 139 37.38 W GPS 4691 4696 49MR0505_1 511 1 UNK 110905 2338 UN 24 14.72 N 139 37.41 W GPS 4687 4687 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 71 1 BUC 110905 2340 UN 24 14.73 N 139 37.42 W GPS 4706 4701 1,33 22.6C 49MR0505_1 P03 71 1 UNK 110905 2344 UN 24 14.77 N 139 37.45 W GPS 4678 4709 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 71 1 ROS 111005 0045 BO 24 15.37 N 139 37.70 W GPS 4719 4723 10 4718 4719 35 1-8,27,64,81 49MR0505_1 P03 71 1 ROS 111005 0253 EN 24 15.99 N 139 38.91 W GPS 4817 4821 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 ROS 111005 0542 BE 24 14.16 N 140 21.37 W GPS 4810 4807 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 BUC 111005 0551 UN 24 14.15 N 140 21.53 W GPS 4816 4813 1 22.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 ROS 111005 0657 BO 24 14.58 N 140 21.99 W GPS 4809 4812 10 4887 4882 36 1-8,22,27 #1=#17 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 UNK 111005 0700 BE 24 14.62 N 140 22.01 W GPS 4810 4811 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 UNK 111005 0713 EN 24 14.70 N 140 22.06 W GPS 4810 4811 49MR0505_1 P03 73 1 ROS 111005 0902 EN 24 15.34 N 140 22.70 W GPS 4810 4810 49MR0505_1 512 1 UNK 111005 2306 UN 24 12.88 N 140 44.16 W GPS 4777 4775 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 513 1 UNK 111105 0000 BE 24 13.58 N 140 45.13 W GPS 4439 4446 FIGURE-OF-EIGHT SAILING FOR MAGNETOMETER 49MR0505_1 513 1 UNK 111105 0023 EN 24 13.91 N 140 45.26 W GPS 4418 4453 49MR0505_1 P03 74 1 ROS 111105 1403 BE 24 16.37 N 141 8.47 W GPS 4989 4990 49MR0505_1 P03 74 1 BUC 111105 1410 UN 24 16.41 N 141 8.51 W GPS 4990 4990 1,33 22.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 74 1 UNK 111105 1420 UN 24 16.46 N 141 8.59 W GPS 4989 4992 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 74 1 ROS 111105 1523 BO 24 16.94 N 141 8.96 W GPS 4992 4991 9 5043 5066 34 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #1=#18 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 74 1 ROS 111105 1735 EN 24 18.01 N 141 9.59 W GPS 5014 5015 49MR0505_1 P03 76 1 ROS 111105 2016 BE 24 15.06 N 141 50.83 W GPS 4645 4642 49MR0505_1 P03 76 1 BUC 111105 2024 UN 24 15.13 N 141 50.89 W GPS 4629 4632 1,33 22.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 76 1 UNK 111105 2030 UN 24 15.17 N 141 50.95 W GPS 4632 4629 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 514 1 UNK 111105 2106 UN 24 15.50 N 141 51.17 W GPS 4594 4600 RAIN SMPL (0.6MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 P03 76 1 ROS 111105 2133 BO 24 15.64 N 141 51.34 W GPS 4612 4613 9 4697 4698 32 1-8,27 #1=#19 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 515 1 UNK 111105 2309 UN 24 16.41 N 141 52.04 W GPS 4628 4619 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 76 1 ROS 111105 2337 EN 24 16.67 N 141 52.41 W GPS 4600 4600 49MR0505_1 P03 77 1 ROS 111205 0222 BE 24 14.70 N 142 34.96 W GPS 4800 4798 49MR0505_1 P03 77 1 BUC 111205 0228 UN 24 14.77 N 142 35.01 W GPS 4801 4800 1,31,33,82 23.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 77 1 UNK 111205 0240 UN 24 14.90 N 142 35.12 W GPS 4796 4784 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 77 1 ROS 111205 0335 BO 24 15.46 N 142 35.32 W GPS 4794 4794 9 4861 4854 33 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82 #1=#20 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 77 1 ROS 111205 0538 EN 24 16.60 N 142 35.93 W GPS 4762 4762 49MR0505_1 P03 77 2 UNK 111205 0540 UN 24 16.61 N 142 35.97 W GPS 4744 4744 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 79 1 ROS 111205 0831 BE 24 15.43 N 143 19.04 W GPS 4464 4458 49MR0505_1 P03 79 1 BUC 111205 0840 UN 24 15.55 N 143 19.02 W GPS 4452 4452 1 23.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 79 1 ROS 111205 0942 BO 24 15.92 N 143 18.92 W GPS 4417 4418 9 4468 4506 31 1-8,27 #1=#21 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 79 1 ROS 111205 1137 EN 24 16.29 N 143 18.75 W GPS 4460 4463 49MR0505_1 P03 81 1 ROS 111205 1430 BE 24 14.23 N 144 2.15 W GPS 5197 5207 49MR0505_1 P03 81 1 BUC 111205 1438 UN 24 14.36 N 144 2.20 W GPS 5269 5272 1,33 22.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 81 1 UNK 111205 1443 UN 24 14.44 N 144 2.22 W GPS 5270 5272 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 81 1 ROS 111205 1556 BO 24 15.27 N 144 2.42 W GPS 5293 5292 10 5376 5362 35 1-8,23,24,26,27 #1=#22 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 81 1 ROS 111205 1824 EN 24 17.16 N 144 3.11 W GPS 5253 5255 49MR0505_1 P03 83 1 ROS 111205 2119 BE 24 13.87 N 144 47.82 W GPS 5210 5204 49MR0505_1 P03 83 1 BUC 111205 2126 UN 24 13.93 N 144 47.90 W GPS 5205 5202 1,33 23.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 83 1 UNK 111205 2135 UN 24 14.01 N 144 47.97 W GPS 5206 5204 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 516 1 UNK 111205 2235 UN 24 14.63 N 144 48.25 W GPS 5209 5205 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 83 1 ROS 111205 2244 BO 24 14.71 N 144 48.31 W GPS 5205 5203 10 5335 5282 34 1-8,27 #1=#23 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 83 1 ROS 111305 0105 EN 24 16.14 N 144 49.34 W GPS 5221 5220 49MR0505_1 P03 84 1 ROS 111305 0337 BE 24 17.26 N 145 28.07 W GPS 5181 5190 49MR0505_1 P03 84 1 BUC 111305 0343 UN 24 17.33 N 145 28.10 W GPS 5189 5188 1,33 23.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 84 1 UNK 111305 0350 UN 24 17.40 N 145 28.14 W GPS 5205 5218 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 84 1 ROS 111305 0458 BO 24 18.15 N 145 28.53 W GPS 5162 5172 10 5306 5277 35 1-8,23,24,26,27 #1=#24 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 84 1 ROS 111305 0714 EN 24 19.54 N 145 28.88 W GPS 5172 5186 49MR0505_1 P03 86 1 ROS 111305 1015 BE 24 13.71 N 146 13.70 W GPS 5270 5243 49MR0505_1 P03 86 1 BUC 111305 1022 UN 24 13.79 N 146 13.69 W GPS 5250 5240 1 23.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 86 1 ROS 111305 1135 BO 24 14.38 N 146 13.56 W GPS 5258 5259 9 5285 5316 35 1-8,27 #1=#25 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 86 1 ROS 111305 1353 EN 24 15.74 N 146 13.60 W GPS 5308 5308 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 ROS 111305 1645 BE 24 13.76 N 146 55.99 W GPS 5221 5228 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 BUC 111305 1653 UN 24 13.88 N 146 56.01 W GPS 5222 5219 1,33 23.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 UNK 111305 1657 UN 24 13.90 N 146 56.00 W GPS 5225 5226 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 ROS 111305 1808 BO 24 14.44 N 146 56.11 W GPS 5257 5263 10 5282 5342 36 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 UNK 111305 1815 BE 24 14.48 N 146 56.10 W GPS 5268 5260 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 UNK 111305 1828 EN 24 14.54 N 146 56.06 W GPS 5240 5257 49MR0505_1 P03 88 1 ROS 111305 2028 EN 24 15.27 N 146 55.98 W GPS 5291 5284 49MR0505_1 P03 90 1 ROS 111305 2331 BE 24 15.40 N 147 41.79 W GPS 5566 5555 49MR0505_1 P03 90 1 BUC 111305 2338 UN 24 15.49 N 147 41.78 W GPS 5569 5567 1,33 24.1C 49MR0505_1 517 1 UNK 111305 2338 UN 24 15.49 N 147 41.79 W GPS 5534 5567 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 90 1 UNK 111305 2344 UN 24 15.58 N 147 41.78 W GPS 5542 5557 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 90 1 ROS 111405 0102 BO 24 16.58 N 147 41.88 W GPS 5526 5530 10 5748 5666 35 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 90 1 ROS 111405 0326 EN 24 17.94 N 147 42.14 W GPS 5519 5504 49MR0505_1 P03 92 1 ROS 111405 0619 BE 24 14.97 N 148 26.07 W GPS 5487 5472 49MR0505_1 P03 92 1 BUC 111405 0626 UN 24 15.02 N 148 26.09 W GPS 5481 5483 1,33 23.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 92 1 UNK 111405 0632 UN 24 15.05 N 148 26.13 W GPS 5483 5482 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 92 1 ROS 111405 0742 BO 24 15.35 N 148 26.27 W GPS 5472 5474 9 5480 5566 36 1-8,27 #1=#26 (B-10) DUPLICATE SMPLS 49MR0505_1 P03 92 1 ROS 111405 1002 EN 24 15.78 N 148 26.50 W GPS 5442 5472 49MR0505_1 P03 94 1 ROS 111405 1250 BE 24 14.39 N 149 9.11 W GPS 5407 5411 49MR0505_1 P03 94 1 BUC 111405 1257 UN 24 14.44 N 149 9.17 W GPS 5417 5413 1,31,33 23.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 94 1 ROS 111405 1414 BO 24 15.09 N 149 9.50 W GPS 5340 5337 13 5399 5417 34 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33 49MR0505_1 P03 94 1 ROS 111405 1636 EN 24 16.65 N 149 9.74 W GPS 5396 5387 49MR0505_1 P03 94 1 UNK 111405 1636 UN 24 16.65 N 149 9.74 W GPS 5396 5387 AIR CH4 SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 96 1 ROS 111405 1930 BE 24 14.63 N 149 53.26 W GPS 5331 5330 49MR0505_1 P03 96 1 BUC 111405 1936 UN 24 14.65 N 149 53.31 W GPS 5342 5340 1,33 24.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 96 1 UNK 111405 1945 UN 24 14.70 N 149 53.37 W GPS 5356 5340 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 96 1 ROS 111405 2053 BO 24 15.18 N 149 53.63 W GPS 5340 5346 10 5369 5422 35 1-8,27,64,81 #3=150 AT OXYCLINE SMPL, #26 NOT FIRE 49MR0505_1 518 1 UNK 111405 2248 UN 24 15.95 N 149 54.20 W GPS 5335 5322 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 96 1 ROS 111405 2321 EN 24 16.24 N 149 54.39 W GPS 5327 5324 49MR0505_1 P03 98 1 ROS 111505 0211 BE 24 14.42 N 150 38.05 W GPS 5382 5384 49MR0505_1 P03 98 1 BUC 111505 0218 UN 24 14.52 N 150 38.14 W GPS 5382 5377 1,33 24.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 98 1 UNK 111505 0224 UN 24 14.59 N 150 38.16 W GPS 5368 5375 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 98 1 ROS 111505 0333 BO 24 15.15 N 150 38.37 W GPS 5374 5374 9 5424 5464 34 1-8,23,24,26,27 #23 NUTRIENT DAMMY SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 98 1 ROS 111505 0549 EN 24 16.03 N 150 38.89 W GPS 5422 5422 49MR0505_1 P03 100 1 ROS 111505 0829 BE 24 15.51 N 151 18.89 W GPS 5473 5470 49MR0505_1 P03 100 1 BUC 111505 0836 UN 24 15.58 N 151 18.93 W GPS 5481 5474 1 24.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 100 1 ROS 111505 0953 BO 24 16.08 N 151 19.18 W GPS 5463 5458 9 5518 5564 35 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 100 1 ROS 111505 1218 EN 24 16.91 N 151 19.68 W GPS 5472 5473 49MR0505_1 P03 X16 1 ROS 111505 1506 BE 23 59.69 N 151 58.67 W GPS 5461 5462 49MR0505_1 P03 X16 1 BUC 111505 1512 UN 23 59.71 N 151 58.73 W GPS 5452 5454 1,33 24.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 X16 1 UNK 111505 1518 UN 23 59.76 N 151 58.77 W GPS 5442 5445 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 X16 1 ROS 111505 1632 BO 24 0.42 N 151 59.12 W GPS 5466 5468 10 5495 5531 34 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 X16 1 ROS 111505 1856 EN 24 1.64 N 151 59.54 W GPS 5514 5515 49MR0505_1 P03 104 1 ROS 111505 2140 BE 24 15.35 N 152 37.96 W GPS 5333 5327 49MR0505_1 P03 104 1 BUC 111505 2146 UN 24 15.41 N 152 38.02 W GPS 5335 5337 1,33 24.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 104 1 UNK 111505 2152 UN 24 15.46 N 152 38.06 W GPS 5366 5371 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 104 1 ROS 111505 2307 BO 24 16.18 N 152 38.31 W GPS 5255 5260 10 5419 5408 34 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 519 1 UNK 111505 2322 UN 24 16.31 N 152 38.34 W GPS 5267 5267 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 104 1 ROS 111605 0126 EN 24 17.36 N 152 39.06 W GPS 5249 5249 49MR0505_1 P03 106 1 ROS 111605 0401 BE 24 15.40 N 153 18.16 W GPS 5142 5143 49MR0505_1 P03 106 1 BUC 111605 0408 UN 24 15.48 N 153 18.21 W GPS 5142 5144 1,31,33,82 24.6C 49MR0505_1 P03 106 1 UNK 111605 0420 UN 24 15.64 N 153 18.32 W GPS 5140 5139 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 106 1 ROS 111605 0521 BO 24 16.34 N 153 18.49 W GPS 5154 5146 10 5267 5213 33 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82 49MR0505_1 P03 106 1 ROS 111605 0741 EN 24 17.49 N 153 18.68 W GPS 5124 5124 49MR0505_1 P03 108 1 ROS 111605 1016 BE 24 15.39 N 153 57.28 W GPS 4861 4851 49MR0505_1 P03 108 1 BUC 111605 1023 UN 24 15.49 N 153 57.28 W GPS 4863 4863 1 24.4C 49MR0505_1 P03 108 1 ROS 111605 1133 BO 24 16.14 N 153 57.22 W GPS 4877 4877 9 4943 4932 32 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 108 1 ROS 111605 1345 EN 24 17.25 N 153 57.24 W GPS 4913 4913 49MR0505_1 520 1 UNK 111605 1620 UN 24 14.17 N 154 37.59 W GPS 4665 4664 RAIN SMPL (1.6MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 P03 110 1 ROS 111605 1624 BE 24 14.14 N 154 37.59 W GPS 4663 4664 49MR0505_1 P03 110 1 BUC 111605 1631 UN 24 14.22 N 154 37.65 W GPS 4662 4666 1,33 24.3C 49MR0505_1 P03 110 1 UNK 111605 1636 UN 24 14.28 N 154 37.67 W GPS 4666 4666 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 110 1 ROS 111605 1740 BO 24 15.01 N 154 37.95 W GPS 4681 4681 10 4755 4743 31 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 110 1 ROS 111605 1955 EN 24 16.53 N 154 38.27 W GPS 4697 4689 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 ROS 111605 2227 BE 24 17.12 N 155 16.62 W GPS 4578 4583 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 BUC 111605 2234 UN 24 17.23 N 155 16.67 W GPS 4581 4582 1,33 25.1C 49MR0505_1 521 1 UNK 111605 2234 UN 24 17.23 N 155 16.67 W GPS 4582 4582 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 UNK 111605 2239 UN 24 17.30 N 155 16.70 W GPS 4581 4581 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 UNK 111605 2342 BE 24 18.08 N 155 17.09 W GPS 4582 4583 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 ROS 111605 2344 BO 24 18.10 N 155 17.10 W GPS 4585 4583 10 4715 4645 34 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 UNK 111605 2354 EN 24 18.21 N 155 17.13 W GPS 4582 4582 49MR0505_1 P03 112 1 ROS 111705 0144 EN 24 19.75 N 155 17.69 W GPS 4581 4583 49MR0505_1 P03 114 1 ROS 111705 0427 BE 24 15.97 N 155 57.39 W GPS 4547 4525 49MR0505_1 P03 114 1 BUC 111705 0433 UN 24 16.07 N 155 57.39 W GPS 4534 4532 1,33 25.0C 49MR0505_1 P03 114 1 UNK 111705 0440 UN 24 16.16 N 155 57.39 W GPS 4541 4533 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 114 1 ROS 111705 0539 BO 24 16.93 N 155 57.46 W GPS 4515 4515 9 4643 4600 31 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 JERRY FISH AT TC DUCT 49MR0505_1 P03 114 1 ROS 111705 0745 EN 24 18.38 N 155 57.11 W GPS 4520 4525 49MR0505_1 P03 116 1 ROS 111705 1056 BE 24 14.96 N 156 43.73 W GPS 4309 4331 49MR0505_1 P03 116 1 BUC 111705 1103 UN 24 15.07 N 156 43.68 W GPS 4354 4350 1 24.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 116 1 ROS 111705 1205 BO 24 15.64 N 156 43.54 W GPS 4409 4405 10 4414 4421 29 1-8,27 #36 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_1 P03 116 1 ROS 111705 1407 EN 24 16.60 N 156 43.27 W GPS 4453 4453 49MR0505_1 P03 118 1 ROS 111705 1719 BE 24 15.81 N 157 29.66 W GPS 4423 4466 49MR0505_1 P03 118 1 BUC 111705 1726 UN 24 15.89 N 157 29.65 W GPS 4459 4471 1,31,33 24.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 118 1 UNK 111705 1740 UN 24 16.08 N 157 29.62 W GPS 4510 4482 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 118 1 ROS 111705 1832 BO 24 16.60 N 157 29.53 W GPS 4488 4484 10 4543 4539 30 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33 49MR0505_1 P03 118 1 ROS 111705 2036 EN 24 17.60 N 157 28.95 W GPS 4511 4489 49MR0505_1 P03 118 2 UNK 111705 2036 UN 24 17.60 N 157 28.95 W GPS 4511 4489 AIR CH4 SMPL 49MR0505_1 522 1 UNK 111705 2216 UN 24 36.40 N 157 43.41 W GPS 4633 4635 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 120 1 ROS 111805 0013 BE 25 0.05 N 157 59.97 W GPS 4597 4599 STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH 49MR0505_1 P03 120 1 BUC 111805 0020 UN 25 0.11 N 158 0.01 W GPS 4582 4589 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 120 1 UNK 111805 0032 UN 25 0.18 N 158 0.12 W GPS 4607 4604 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 120 1 ROS 111805 0124 BO 25 0.32 N 158 0.15 W GPS 4648 4630 10 4596 4653 35 1-8,27,64,81 49MR0505_1 P03 120 1 ROS 111805 0325 EN 25 0.84 N 158 0.40 W GPS 4731 4743 49MR0505_1 P03 122 1 ROS 111805 0940 BE 25 49.98 N 159 0.45 W GPS 5054 5060 STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH 49MR0505_1 P03 122 1 BUC 111805 0947 UN 25 49.96 N 159 0.47 W GPS 5058 5060 1 25.1C 49MR0505_1 P03 122 1 ROS 111805 1100 BO 25 50.19 N 159 0.84 W GPS 5058 5061 10 5095 5137 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 122 1 ROS 111805 1312 EN 25 50.86 N 159 1.82 W GPS 5057 5062 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 ROS 111805 1612 BE 25 50.14 N 159 46.69 W GPS 4563 4564 STATION POSITION WAS SHIFTED NORTH 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 BUC 111805 1619 UN 25 50.20 N 159 46.72 W GPS 4556 4558 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 UNK 111805 1624 UN 25 50.21 N 159 46.76 W GPS 4549 4554 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 ROS 111805 1724 BO 25 50.38 N 159 47.24 W GPS 4534 4535 8 4582 4620 34 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 UNK 111805 1724 BE 25 50.39 N 159 47.27 W GPS 4535 4535 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 UNK 111805 1724 EN 25 50.51 N 159 47.41 W GPS 4507 4535 49MR0505_1 P03 124 1 ROS 111805 1933 EN 25 50.96 N 159 48.30 W GPS 4376 4376 49MR0505_1 523 1 UNK 111805 2152 UN 25 50.11 N 160 25.67 W GPS 5076 5073 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 126 1 ROS 111805 2221 BE 25 50.12 N 160 31.78 W GPS 5089 5083 49MR0505_1 P03 126 1 BUC 111805 2228 UN 25 50.17 N 160 31.85 W GPS 5077 5080 1,33 25.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 126 1 UNK 111805 2233 UN 25 50.22 N 160 31.90 W GPS 5078 5088 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 126 1 ROS 111805 2345 BO 25 50.73 N 160 32.69 W GPS 5079 5077 10 5213 5160 33 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 126 1 ROS 111905 0157 EN 25 51.24 N 160 34.32 W GPS 5074 5075 49MR0505_1 P03 128 1 ROS 111905 1057 BE 25 50.13 N 161 15.26 W GPS 4994 4992 49MR0505_1 P03 128 1 BUC 111905 1104 UN 25 50.18 N 161 15.31 W GPS 4992 4991 1 25.2C 49MR0505_1 P03 128 1 ROS 111905 1215 BO 25 50.71 N 161 15.36 W GPS 4994 4996 10 5021 5068 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 128 1 ROS 111905 1428 EN 25 51.70 N 161 15.40 W GPS 4997 5002 49MR0505_1 524 1 UNK 111905 2232 UN 25 9.84 N 161 58.56 W GPS 3029 3016 RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 525 1 UNK 111905 2246 UN 25 8.57 N 161 59.78 W GPS 2227 2227 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 130 1 ROS 111905 2328 BE 25 5.70 N 162 1.94 W GPS 3314 3309 49MR0505_1 P03 130 1 BUC 111905 2335 UN 25 5.68 N 162 1.82 W GPS 3348 3356 1,33 25.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 130 1 UNK 111905 2335 UN 25 5.68 N 162 1.82 W GPS 3350 3356 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 130 1 ROS 112005 0023 BO 25 5.78 N 162 1.66 W GPS 3350 3335 10 3377 3410 26 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 526 1 UNK 112005 0110 UN 25 6.06 N 162 1.74 W GPS 3145 3138 RAIN SMPL (1.3MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 P03 130 1 ROS 112005 0202 EN 25 6.21 N 162 1.67 W GPS 3010 3012 49MR0505_1 P03 132 1 ROS 112005 0508 BE 25 16.72 N 162 44.30 W GPS 5006 5006 49MR0505_1 P03 132 1 BUC 112005 0515 UN 25 16.72 N 162 44.20 W GPS 5005 5006 1,33 25.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 132 1 UNK 112005 0518 UN 25 16.71 N 162 44.18 W GPS 5007 5006 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 132 1 ROS 112005 0626 BO 25 16.43 N 162 43.44 W GPS 5005 5006 10 5104 5078 33 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 132 1 ROS 112005 0845 EN 25 16.17 N 162 42.32 W GPS 5008 5006 49MR0505_1 P03 134 1 ROS 112005 1208 BE 25 30.64 N 163 29.56 W GPS 5006 5005 49MR0505_1 P03 134 1 BUC 112005 1215 UN 25 30.66 N 163 29.51 W GPS 5000 5001 1,31,33,82 24.8C 49MR0505_1 P03 134 1 ROS 112005 1327 BO 25 30.92 N 163 28.72 W GPS 5005 4999 10 5077 5070 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_1 P03 134 1 ROS 112005 1539 EN 25 31.31 N 163 27.62 W GPS 4994 5000 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 ROS 112005 1859 BE 25 30.47 N 164 18.36 W GPS 4347 4344 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 BUC 112005 1905 UN 25 30.52 N 164 18.26 W GPS 4332 4331 1,33 24.9C 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 UNK 112005 1910 UN 25 30.51 N 164 18.20 W GPS 4330 4321 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 ROS 112005 2005 BO 25 30.35 N 164 17.48 W GPS 4225 4225 10 4334 4295 32 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 UNK 112005 2013 BE 25 30.31 N 164 17.42 W GPS 4238 4223 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 UNK 112005 2027 EN 25 30.24 N 164 17.29 W GPS 4202 4194 49MR0505_1 527 1 UNK 112005 2146 UN 25 29.94 N 164 16.34 W GPS 4022 4022 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 136 1 ROS 112005 2204 EN 25 29.93 N 164 16.06 W GPS 3957 3933 49MR0505_1 P03 138 1 ROS 112105 0107 BE 25 30.08 N 165 0.33 W GPS 4892 4887 49MR0505_1 P03 138 1 BUC 112105 0114 UN 25 30.07 N 165 0.25 W GPS 4885 4892 1,33 25.3C 49MR0505_1 P03 138 1 UNK 112105 0119 UN 25 30.08 N 165 0.19 W GPS 4885 4889 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 138 1 ROS 112105 0222 BO 25 29.98 N 164 59.62 W GPS 4887 4883 10 4917 4954 32 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 138 1 ROS 112105 0429 EN 25 29.82 N 164 58.71 W GPS 4876 4876 49MR0505_1 P03 140 1 ROS 112105 0743 BE 25 28.95 N 165 43.64 W GPS 4869 4871 49MR0505_1 P03 140 1 BUC 112105 0751 UN 25 28.86 N 165 43.45 W GPS 4870 4872 1,33 25.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 140 1 UNK 112105 0757 UN 25 28.80 N 165 43.39 W GPS 4870 4871 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 140 1 ROS 112105 0900 BO 25 28.23 N 165 42.82 W GPS 4870 4870 8 4970 4938 32 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 140 1 ROS 112105 1109 EN 25 27.12 N 165 41.74 W GPS 4886 4882 49MR0505_1 P03 142 1 ROS 112105 1318 BE 25 10.37 N 166 4.12 W GPS 5015 5018 49MR0505_1 P03 142 1 BUC 112105 1325 UN 25 10.30 N 166 4.00 W GPS 5008 5015 1 25.7C 49MR0505_1 P03 142 1 ROS 112105 1435 BO 25 9.85 N 166 3.35 W GPS 5014 5019 8 5079 5088 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 142 1 ROS 112105 1649 EN 25 8.91 N 166 2.24 W GPS 5013 5016 49MR0505_1 P03 144 1 ROS 112105 1843 BE 24 53.73 N 166 21.19 W GPS 5076 5082 49MR0505_1 P03 144 1 BUC 112105 1850 UN 24 53.64 N 166 21.06 W GPS 5086 5090 1,33 25.6C 49MR0505_1 P03 144 1 UNK 112105 1857 UN 24 53.60 N 166 21.01 W GPS 5076 5083 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 144 1 ROS 112105 2003 BO 24 53.20 N 166 20.61 W GPS 5079 5086 10 5130 5160 33 1-8,27 49MR0505_1 P03 144 1 ROS 112105 2225 EN 24 52.28 N 166 19.98 W GPS 5082 5090 49MR0505_1 P03 146 1 ROS 112105 2348 BE 24 40.67 N 166 33.59 W GPS 5129 5127 49MR0505_1 528 1 UNK 112105 2349 UN 24 40.68 N 166 33.60 W GPS 5128 5128 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 146 1 BUC 112105 2354 UN 24 40.64 N 166 33.58 W GPS 5143 5128 1,33 25.5C 49MR0505_1 P03 146 1 UNK 112105 2359 UN 24 40.61 N 166 33.58 W GPS 5126 5127 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_1 P03 146 1 ROS 112205 0107 BO 24 40.03 N 166 33.44 W GPS 5124 5127 10 5169 5202 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_1 P03 146 1 ROS 112205 0329 EN 24 39.16 N 166 33.38 W GPS 5116 5114 49MR0505_1 529 1 UNK 112205 0551 UN 24 28.74 N 166 52.84 W GPS 1579 1581 RAIN SMPL (1.4MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 530 1 UNK 112205 1632 UN 22 47.77 N 166 29.47 W GPS 4667 4667 RAIN SMPL (1.2MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 531 1 UNK 112205 2313 UN 22 18.45 N 165 17.57 W GPS 4653 4653 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_1 532 1 UNK 112205 2326 UN 22 17.33 N 165 14.83 W GPS 4659 4656 RAIN SMPL (1.2MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 533 1 UNK 112305 0235 UN 22 2.35 N 164 36.79 W GPS 4586 4586 RAIN SMPL (0.3MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 534 1 UNK 112305 1615 UN 21 0.80 N 162 7.74 W GPS 4601 4605 RAIN SMPL (3.8MM/HR) 49MR0505_1 535 1 UNK 112305 2136 UN 20 37.13 N 161 10.42 W GPS 4736 4736 AEROSOL SMPL ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Parameter 1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=Δ^(14)C, 13=δ13C, 22=^(137)CS, 23=Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 42= Abundance of bacteria, 64=Incubation, 81=Particulate organic matter, 82=^(15)NO3 49MR0505_2.sum file ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 2 SHIP/CRS WOCE CAST UTC EVENT POSITION UNC COR HT ABOVE WIRE MAX NO. OF EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO TYPE DATE TIME CODE LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAV DEPTH DEPTH BOTTOM OUT PRESS BOTTLES PARAMETERS COMMENTS ---------- ---- ------- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----------- ------------ --- ----- ----- ------ ---- ----- -------- --------------------------- --------------------------------------------- 49MR0505_2 536 1 UNK 113005 0019 UN 24 39.48 N 166 19.81 W GPS 4927 4925 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 146 2 ROS 113005 0154 BE 24 40.60 N 166 33.54 W GPS 5125 5125 49MR0505_2 P03 146 2 BUC 113005 0203 UN 24 40.50 N 166 33.50 W GPS 5125 5125 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 146 2 UNK 113005 0217 UN 24 40.40 N 166 33.41 W GPS 5126 5127 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 146 2 ROS 113005 0318 BO 24 39.98 N 166 33.05 W GPS 5110 5110 9 5143 5198 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 #4 FOR CHLORA FILTERATION (3000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 146 2 ROS 113005 0540 EN 24 39.40 N 166 32.35 W GPS 5109 5109 49MR0505_2 P03 148 1 ROS 113005 0741 BE 24 36.02 N 166 39.77 W GPS 4176 4177 49MR0505_2 P03 148 1 BUC 113005 0749 UN 24 36.03 N 166 39.78 W GPS 4177 4180 1,33 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 148 1 UNK 113005 0801 UN 24 36.05 N 166 39.74 W GPS 4194 4195 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 148 1 ROS 113005 0848 BO 24 36.03 N 166 39.64 W GPS 4209 4213 9 4202 4260 30 1-8,27 #2=#1 DUPL SMPLS (B-10DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 148 1 ROS 113005 1044 EN 24 36.23 N 166 39.28 W GPS 4414 4416 49MR0505_2 P03 150 1 ROS 113005 1241 BE 24 30.29 N 166 43.81 W GPS 3368 3377 49MR0505_2 P03 150 1 BUC 113005 1249 UN 24 30.29 N 166 43.81 W GPS 3395 3394 1 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 150 1 ROS 113005 1339 BO 24 30.31 N 166 43.89 W GPS 3371 3370 5 3369 3409 27 1-8,23,24,26,27 #3=#13 DUPL SMPLS (3000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 150 1 ROS 113005 1518 EN 24 30.11 N 166 44.19 W GPS 3189 3187 49MR0505_2 P03 152 1 ROS 113005 1729 BE 24 26.25 N 166 48.75 W GPS 2036 2037 49MR0505_2 P03 152 1 BUC 113005 1736 UN 24 26.35 N 166 48.76 W GPS 2055 2054 1 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 152 1 ROS 113005 1807 BO 24 26.42 N 166 48.74 W GPS 2079 2076 11 2073 2091 20 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 152 1 ROS 113005 1921 EN 24 26.67 N 166 48.64 W GPS 2174 2174 49MR0505_2 P03 153 1 ROS 113005 2123 BE 24 25.27 N 166 49.20 W GPS 1549 1550 49MR0505_2 P03 153 1 BUC 113005 2132 UN 24 25.26 N 166 49.16 W GPS 1545 1549 1,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 153 1 UNK 113005 2142 UN 24 25.23 N 166 49.18 W GPS 1532 1532 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 153 1 ROS 113005 2153 BO 24 25.20 N 166 49.20 W GPS 1492 1491 5 1551 1560 17 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 153 1 ROS 113005 2255 EN 24 24.98 N 166 49.31 W GPS 1513 1499 49MR0505_2 537 1 UNK 120105 0012 UN 24 16.06 N 167 1.80 W GPS 228 228 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 154 1 ROS 120105 0101 BE 24 8.71 N 167 5.70 W GPS 1221 1222 49MR0505_2 P03 154 1 BUC 120105 0110 UN 24 8.64 N 167 5.79 W GPS 1309 1308 1 25.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 154 1 ROS 120105 0131 BO 24 8.62 N 167 5.94 W GPS 1416 1417 26 1351 1352 16 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 154 1 ROS 120105 0228 EN 24 8.63 N 167 6.42 W GPS 1658 1659 49MR0505_2 P03 155 1 ROS 120105 0514 BE 24 8.82 N 167 7.96 W GPS 2006 1993 CHANGE LOCATION 49MR0505_2 P03 155 1 BUC 120105 0521 UN 24 8.94 N 167 7.93 W GPS 1946 1946 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 155 1 UNK 120105 0531 UN 24 9.00 N 167 7.80 W GPS 1914 1913 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 155 1 ROS 120105 0548 BO 24 9.00 N 167 7.62 W GPS 1882 1870 20 1889 1885 19 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 155 1 ROS 120105 0658 EN 24 9.18 N 167 6.73 W GPS 1495 1493 49MR0505_2 P03 157 1 ROS 120105 0958 BE 24 6.08 N 167 10.06 W GPS 2856 2856 49MR0505_2 P03 157 1 BUC 120105 1005 UN 24 6.00 N 167 9.96 W GPS 2895 2896 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 157 1 UNK 120105 1016 UN 24 5.90 N 167 9.92 W GPS 2970 2970 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 157 1 ROS 120105 1050 BO 24 5.59 N 167 9.92 W GPS 3011 3039 12 3033 3036 24 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 157 1 ROS 120105 1220 EN 24 4.58 N 167 10.22 W GPS 3082 3094 49MR0505_2 P03 159 1 ROS 120105 1426 BE 24 1.44 N 167 14.27 W GPS 3914 3907 49MR0505_2 P03 159 1 BUC 120105 1434 UN 24 1.37 N 167 14.30 W GPS 3904 3904 1 25.2C 49MR0505_2 538 1 UNK 120105 1510 UN 24 1.27 N 167 14.52 W GPS 3923 3921 RAIN SMPL (0.9MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 159 1 ROS 120105 1530 BO 24 1.25 N 167 14.62 W GPS 3922 3925 11 3912 3941 29 1-8,27 #4=#10 DUPL SMPLS (3750DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 159 1 ROS 120105 1720 EN 24 1.28 N 167 15.44 W GPS 4190 4191 49MR0505_2 P03 161 1 ROS 120105 1925 BE 23 51.03 N 167 22.55 W GPS 4926 4926 49MR0505_2 P03 161 1 BUC 120105 1932 UN 23 51.02 N 167 22.61 W GPS 4925 4925 1,33 25.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 161 1 UNK 120105 1945 UN 23 50.99 N 167 22.70 W GPS 4922 4922 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 161 1 ROS 120105 2040 BO 23 50.84 N 167 22.79 W GPS 4927 4927 9 4924 4997 33 1-8,27 #5=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 161 1 ROS 120105 2247 EN 23 50.33 N 167 22.72 W GPS 4930 4930 49MR0505_2 539 1 UNK 120205 0019 UN 23 39.50 N 167 34.58 W GPS 4963 4963 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 163 1 ROS 120205 0049 BE 23 37.42 N 167 37.27 W GPS 4964 4964 49MR0505_2 P03 163 1 BUC 120205 0056 UN 23 37.38 N 167 37.33 W GPS 4962 4962 1,31,33 25.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 163 1 UNK 120205 0116 UN 23 37.20 N 167 37.36 W GPS 4959 4959 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 163 1 ROS 120205 0207 BO 23 36.80 N 167 37.58 W GPS 4961 4960 9 4993 5033 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 #2,3,4,5 FOR POM 49MR0505_2 P03 163 1 ROS 120205 0419 EN 23 35.84 N 167 38.03 W GPS 4962 4963 49MR0505_2 P03 165 1 ROS 120205 0710 BE 23 14.42 N 168 0.22 W GPS 4875 4877 49MR0505_2 P03 165 1 BUC 120205 0717 UN 23 14.34 N 168 0.23 W GPS 4874 4877 1,33 25.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 165 1 UNK 120205 0726 UN 23 14.27 N 168 0.27 W GPS 4880 4880 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 165 1 ROS 120205 0825 BO 23 13.96 N 168 0.43 W GPS 4880 4882 9 4909 4944 33 1-8,27 #6=#5 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 165 1 ROS 120205 1033 EN 23 13.21 N 168 0.70 W GPS 4867 4867 49MR0505_2 P03 167 1 ROS 120205 1349 BE 23 0.76 N 168 39.24 W GPS 4774 4774 49MR0505_2 P03 167 1 BUC 120205 1357 UN 23 0.74 N 168 39.25 W GPS 4775 4775 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 167 1 UNK 120205 1409 UN 23 0.74 N 168 39.25 W GPS 4774 4774 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 167 1 ROS 120205 1503 BO 23 0.67 N 168 39.29 W GPS 4763 4761 9 4756 4827 33 1-8,27 #7=#5 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 167 1 ROS 120205 1712 EN 23 0.61 N 168 39.78 W GPS 4768 4777 49MR0505_2 P03 169 1 ROS 120205 2110 BE 22 44.80 N 169 20.29 W GPS 4691 4693 49MR0505_2 P03 169 1 BUC 120205 2119 UN 22 44.84 N 169 20.27 W GPS 4683 4689 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 169 1 UNK 120205 2127 UN 22 44.90 N 169 20.26 W GPS 4698 4687 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 169 1 ROS 120205 2221 BO 22 45.13 N 169 19.96 W GPS 4691 4691 8 4702 4754 32 1-8,23,24,26,27 #8=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 540 1 UNK 120205 2331 UN 22 45.40 N 169 19.39 W GPS 4683 4684 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 169 1 ROS 120305 0019 EN 22 45.74 N 169 18.93 W GPS 4687 4688 49MR0505_2 P03 171 1 ROS 120305 0432 BE 23 4.44 N 170 1.69 W GPS 4646 4645 49MR0505_2 P03 171 1 BUC 120305 0439 UN 23 4.50 N 170 1.59 W GPS 4645 4645 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 171 1 UNK 120305 0449 UN 23 4.47 N 170 1.52 W GPS 4650 4652 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 171 1 ROS 120305 0545 BO 23 4.06 N 170 1.20 W GPS 4658 4656 9 4686 4705 34 1-8,22,27 #2,3,4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 171 2 UNK 120305 0558 BE 23 4.00 N 170 1.17 W GPS 4639 4640 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 171 2 UNK 120305 0617 EN 23 3.87 N 170 1.16 W GPS 4645 4644 49MR0505_2 P03 171 1 ROS 120305 0751 EN 23 3.34 N 170 0.72 W GPS 4644 4644 49MR0505_2 P03 173 1 ROS 120305 1210 BE 23 23.87 N 170 44.55 W GPS 4686 4685 49MR0505_2 P03 173 1 BUC 120305 1217 UN 23 23.81 N 170 44.52 W GPS 4684 4684 1 26.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 173 1 ROS 120305 1324 BO 23 23.32 N 170 44.48 W GPS 4685 4684 10 4704 4740 32 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #9=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 173 1 ROS 120305 1525 EN 23 23.10 N 170 44.03 W GPS 4681 4681 49MR0505_2 P03 175 1 ROS 120305 1920 BE 23 42.86 N 171 22.79 W GPS 4753 4753 49MR0505_2 P03 175 1 BUC 120305 1927 UN 23 42.87 N 171 22.78 W GPS 4751 4751 1,33 26.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 175 1 UNK 120305 1936 UN 23 42.88 N 171 22.77 W GPS 4750 4750 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 175 1 ROS 120305 2032 BO 23 42.69 N 171 22.91 W GPS 4756 4755 8 4759 4815 33 1-8,27 #10=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 541 1 UNK 120305 2225 UN 23 41.85 N 171 23.87 W GPS 4750 4750 RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 175 1 ROS 120305 2236 EN 23 41.73 N 171 24.04 W GPS 4750 4749 49MR0505_2 542 1 UNK 120405 0018 UN 23 50.28 N 171 41.88 W GPS 4736 4736 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 177 1 ROS 120405 0240 BE 24 3.97 N 172 5.89 W GPS 4683 4683 49MR0505_2 P03 177 1 BUC 120405 0247 UN 24 3.92 N 172 6.01 W GPS 4682 4682 1,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 177 1 UNK 120405 0258 UN 24 3.96 N 172 6.07 W GPS 4686 4684 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 177 1 ROS 120405 0355 BO 24 4.17 N 172 6.24 W GPS 4681 4681 10 4704 4745 32 1-8,23,24,26,27 #11=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 177 1 ROS 120405 0559 EN 24 4.23 N 172 7.16 W GPS 4682 4682 49MR0505_2 P03 179 1 ROS 120405 0947 BE 24 14.48 N 172 49.31 W GPS 4576 4575 49MR0505_2 P03 179 1 BUC 120405 0954 UN 24 14.47 N 172 49.35 W GPS 4554 4554 1,33 25.6C 49MR0505_2 P03 179 1 UNK 120405 1004 UN 24 14.51 N 172 49.37 W GPS 4568 4564 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 179 1 ROS 120405 1059 BO 24 14.77 N 172 49.73 W GPS 4555 4556 10 4602 4618 32 1-8,27 #12=#8 DUPL SMPLS (4250DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 179 1 ROS 120405 1258 EN 24 15.89 N 172 50.02 W GPS 4586 4584 49MR0505_2 P03 181 1 ROS 120405 1711 BE 24 14.27 N 173 37.93 W GPS 4946 4946 49MR0505_2 P03 181 1 BUC 120405 1720 UN 24 14.31 N 173 38.00 W GPS 4946 4946 1,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 181 1 UNK 120405 1730 UN 24 14.37 N 173 38.03 W GPS 4944 4944 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 181 1 ROS 120405 1829 BO 24 14.80 N 173 38.03 W GPS 4947 4948 10 4977 5019 33 1-8,27 #13=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 181 1 ROS 120405 2039 EN 24 15.71 N 173 37.97 W GPS 4941 4942 49MR0505_2 543 1 UNK 120505 0016 UN 24 14.49 N 174 20.96 W GPS 5065 5064 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 183 1 ROS 120505 0047 BE 24 14.65 N 174 25.92 W GPS 5069 5070 49MR0505_2 P03 183 1 BUC 120505 0055 UN 24 14.69 N 174 25.99 W GPS 5067 5069 1,31,33,82 25.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 183 1 UNK 120505 0107 UN 24 14.67 N 174 26.12 W GPS 5070 5071 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 183 1 ROS 120505 0206 BO 24 14.63 N 174 26.60 W GPS 5068 5068 10 5091 5139 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 #2,3,4 FOR INCUBATION 49MR0505_2 P03 183 1 ROS 120505 0419 EN 24 14.28 N 174 27.49 W GPS 5063 5065 49MR0505_2 544 1 UNK 120505 0613 UN 24 14.64 N 174 49.05 W GPS 5077 5079 RAIN SMPL (1.4MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 185 1 ROS 120505 0814 BE 24 14.02 N 175 12.20 W GPS 5121 5120 49MR0505_2 P03 185 1 BUC 120505 0821 UN 24 13.98 N 175 12.15 W GPS 5124 5124 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 185 1 UNK 120505 0830 UN 24 13.91 N 175 12.10 W GPS 5123 5125 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 185 1 ROS 120505 0932 BO 24 13.48 N 175 11.87 W GPS 5110 5111 8 5166 5194 34 1-8,27 #14=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB), #17 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 P03 185 1 ROS 120505 1145 EN 24 12.28 N 175 11.09 W GPS 5111 5110 49MR0505_2 P03 187 1 ROS 120505 1610 BE 24 14.11 N 176 1.50 W GPS 5280 5280 49MR0505_2 P03 187 1 BUC 120505 1618 UN 24 14.12 N 176 1.48 W GPS 5286 5287 1,33 26.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 187 1 UNK 120505 1629 UN 24 14.14 N 176 1.47 W GPS 5278 5277 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 187 1 ROS 120505 1731 BO 24 14.09 N 176 1.29 W GPS 5283 5282 10 5283 5366 36 1-8,22,27 #2,3,4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 187 2 UNK 120505 1742 BE 24 14.10 N 176 1.25 W GPS 5286 5285 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 187 2 UNK 120505 1806 EN 24 14.08 N 176 1.20 W GPS 5301 5294 49MR0505_2 P03 187 1 ROS 120505 1949 EN 24 13.99 N 176 0.77 W GPS 5298 5297 49MR0505_2 P03 189 1 ROS 120505 2337 BE 24 14.44 N 176 45.63 W GPS 5342 5342 49MR0505_2 P03 189 1 BUC 120505 2344 UN 24 14.47 N 176 45.68 W GPS 5345 5345 1,33 26.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 189 1 UNK 120505 2353 UN 24 14.45 N 176 45.63 W GPS 5345 5344 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 545 1 UNK 120605 0032 UN 24 14.38 N 176 45.57 W GPS 5348 5347 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 189 1 ROS 120605 0059 BO 24 14.25 N 176 45.61 W GPS 5353 5348 10 5355 5430 35 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #15=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 189 1 ROS 120605 0315 EN 24 14.21 N 176 45.61 W GPS 5349 5350 49MR0505_2 P03 191 1 ROS 120605 0737 BE 24 13.34 N 177 35.25 W GPS 5413 5413 49MR0505_2 P03 191 1 BUC 120605 0744 UN 24 13.33 N 177 35.15 W GPS 5413 5415 1,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 191 1 UNK 120605 0754 UN 24 13.32 N 177 35.04 W GPS 5423 5420 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 191 1 ROS 120605 0859 BO 24 13.07 N 177 34.55 W GPS 5416 5414 8 5464 5502 35 1-8,27 #16=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 191 1 ROS 120605 1119 EN 24 12.83 N 177 33.52 W GPS 5406 5406 49MR0505_2 P03 193 1 ROS 120605 1534 BE 24 15.19 N 178 22.14 W GPS 5553 5552 49MR0505_2 P03 193 1 BUC 120605 1541 UN 24 15.20 N 178 22.02 W GPS 5541 5541 1,33 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 193 1 UNK 120605 1555 UN 24 15.15 N 178 21.83 W GPS 5541 5543 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 193 1 ROS 120605 1659 BO 24 14.78 N 178 21.70 W GPS 5538 5540 9 5570 5635 36 1-8,27 #17=#4 DUPL SMPLS (5250DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 193 1 ROS 120605 1924 EN 24 14.34 N 178 21.23 W GPS 5547 5546 49MR0505_2 P03 195 1 ROS 120605 2338 BE 24 14.39 N 179 9.68 W GPS 5609 5611 49MR0505_2 P03 195 1 BUC 120605 2345 UN 24 14.38 N 179 9.67 W GPS 5619 5619 1,31,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 195 1 UNK 120705 0000 UN 24 14.33 N 179 9.60 W GPS 5620 5620 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 546 1 UNK 120705 0024 UN 24 14.38 N 179 9.53 W GPS 5620 5620 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 195 1 ROS 120705 0103 BO 24 14.51 N 179 9.36 W GPS 5615 5614 10 5620 5707 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 #2 FOR POM 49MR0505_2 P03 195 1 ROS 120705 0323 EN 24 14.53 N 179 8.29 W GPS 5612 5611 49MR0505_2 P03 197 1 ROS 120705 0745 BE 24 14.12 N 179 59.32 W GPS 5536 5538 49MR0505_2 P03 197 1 BUC 120705 0752 UN 24 14.04 N 179 59.33 W GPS 5540 5543 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 197 1 UNK 120705 0801 UN 24 13.95 N 179 59.39 W GPS 5533 5535 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 197 1 ROS 120705 0908 BO 24 13.63 N 179 59.28 W GPS 5538 5540 10 5545 5629 36 1-8,22,27 #2 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 197 2 UNK 120705 0917 BE 24 13.58 N 179 59.29 W GPS 5539 5541 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 197 2 UNK 120705 1005 EN 24 13.34 N 179 59.12 W GPS 5537 5541 49MR0505_2 P03 197 1 ROS 120705 1127 EN 24 12.77 N 179 58.88 W GPS 5546 5546 49MR0505_2 547 1 UNK 120805 0019 UN 24 7.77 N 179 27.00 E GPS 5711 5712 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 548 1 UNK 120805 0558 BE 24 10.90 N 179 10.50 E GPS 5737 5736 MAGNETOMETER CALIBRATION 49MR0505_2 548 1 UNK 120805 0623 EN 24 10.63 N 179 9.52 E GPS 5738 5740 49MR0505_2 P03 X14 1 ROS 120805 1600 BE 23 59.90 N 178 59.87 E GPS 5739 5740 PRI AND SEC CND SENSORS REPLACED 49MR0505_2 P03 X14 1 BUC 120805 1609 UN 23 59.90 N 178 59.86 E GPS 5743 5744 1,33 25.6C 49MR0505_2 P03 X14 1 UNK 120805 1620 UN 23 59.87 N 178 59.82 E GPS 5741 5740 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 X14 1 ROS 120805 1729 BO 23 59.67 N 178 59.77 E GPS 5748 5748 10 5739 5835 35 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #17 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 P03 X14 1 ROS 120805 1957 EN 23 59.23 N 178 59.85 E GPS 5742 5743 49MR0505_2 549 1 UNK 120805 2250 UN 24 13.63 N 178 27.18 E GPS 5733 5725 RAIN SMPL (0.7MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 201 1 ROS 120805 2324 BE 24 15.23 N 178 23.31 E GPS 5723 5723 49MR0505_2 P03 201 1 BUC 120805 2332 UN 24 15.18 N 178 23.33 E GPS 5726 5727 1,33 26.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 201 1 UNK 120805 2340 UN 24 15.14 N 178 23.30 E GPS 5724 5724 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 201 1 ROS 120905 0050 BO 24 14.73 N 178 23.24 E GPS 5725 5724 10 5744 5819 35 1-8,27 #17 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 550 1 UNK 120905 0057 UN 24 14.71 N 178 23.22 E GPS 5727 5725 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 201 1 ROS 120905 0312 EN 24 13.81 N 178 22.93 E GPS 5731 5730 49MR0505_2 P03 203 1 ROS 120905 0717 BE 24 13.65 N 177 36.26 E GPS 5781 5780 49MR0505_2 P03 203 1 BUC 120905 0724 UN 24 13.58 N 177 36.24 E GPS 5776 5775 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 203 1 UNK 120905 0732 UN 24 13.51 N 177 36.26 E GPS 5774 5773 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 203 1 ROS 120905 0845 BO 24 12.89 N 177 36.15 E GPS 5772 5772 8 5812 5872 35 1-8,27 #10 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 P03 203 1 ROS 120905 1111 EN 24 11.81 N 177 36.08 E GPS 5787 5762 49MR0505_2 P03 205 1 ROS 120905 1524 BE 24 14.94 N 176 47.27 E GPS 5762 5762 49MR0505_2 P03 205 1 BUC 120905 1530 UN 24 14.91 N 176 47.23 E GPS 5755 5756 1,31,33,82 26.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 205 1 UNK 120905 1542 UN 24 14.84 N 176 47.19 E GPS 5760 5760 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 205 1 ROS 120905 1651 BO 24 14.42 N 176 46.83 E GPS 5756 5756 9 5825 5857 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_2 P03 205 1 ROS 120905 1924 EN 24 13.65 N 176 45.93 E GPS 5761 5760 49MR0505_2 P03 207 1 ROS 120905 2323 BE 24 14.76 N 175 59.57 E GPS 5798 5800 49MR0505_2 P03 207 1 BUC 120905 2331 UN 24 14.80 N 175 59.53 E GPS 5792 5792 1,33 26.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 207 1 UNK 120905 2341 UN 24 14.85 N 175 59.53 E GPS 5795 5796 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 207 1 ROS 121005 0051 BO 24 15.22 N 175 59.61 E GPS 5792 5790 9 5808 5889 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 551 1 UNK 121005 0102 UN 24 15.28 N 175 59.64 E GPS 5801 5802 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 207 1 ROS 121005 0312 EN 24 16.28 N 175 59.98 E GPS 5821 5796 49MR0505_2 P03 209 1 ROS 121005 0736 BE 24 15.09 N 175 9.99 E GPS 5557 5551 49MR0505_2 P03 209 1 BUC 121005 0743 UN 24 15.12 N 175 10.00 E GPS 5571 5580 1,33 26.4C 49MR0505_2 552 1 UNK 121005 0751 UN 24 15.17 N 175 10.05 E GPS 5584 5581 RAIN SMPL (1.8MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 209 1 UNK 121005 0753 UN 24 15.17 N 175 10.04 E GPS 5587 5588 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 209 1 ROS 121005 0901 BO 24 15.44 N 175 10.16 E GPS 5589 5588 10 5587 5676 36 1-8,22,27 #2 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 209 2 UNK 121005 0923 BE 24 15.44 N 175 10.22 E GPS 5605 5604 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 209 2 UNK 121005 0934 EN 24 15.47 N 175 10.24 E GPS 5593 5593 49MR0505_2 P03 209 1 ROS 121005 1120 EN 24 15.79 N 175 10.43 E GPS 5603 5603 49MR0505_2 P03 211 1 ROS 121005 1525 BE 24 15.05 N 174 23.04 E GPS 5728 5728 49MR0505_2 P03 211 1 BUC 121005 1535 UN 24 15.00 N 174 23.05 E GPS 5735 5735 1,33 26.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 211 1 UNK 121005 1543 UN 24 14.96 N 174 23.07 E GPS 5728 5729 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 211 1 ROS 121005 1652 BO 24 14.60 N 174 23.09 E GPS 5727 5728 10 5747 5828 36 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 211 1 ROS 121005 1922 EN 24 14.06 N 174 23.16 E GPS 5728 5729 49MR0505_2 P03 213 1 ROS 121005 2339 BE 24 15.28 N 173 34.11 E GPS 5820 5819 49MR0505_2 P03 213 1 BUC 121005 2346 UN 24 15.22 N 173 34.09 E GPS 5829 5818 1,33 26.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 213 1 UNK 121005 2355 UN 24 15.15 N 173 34.05 E GPS 5825 5820 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 213 1 ROS 121105 0107 BO 24 14.89 N 173 33.74 E GPS 5821 5823 9 5828 5915 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 553 1 UNK 121105 0117 UN 24 14.89 N 173 33.70 E GPS 5819 5819 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 213 1 ROS 121105 0329 EN 24 14.43 N 173 32.76 E GPS 5819 5821 49MR0505_2 P03 215 1 ROS 121105 0731 BE 24 14.57 N 172 45.99 E GPS 5868 5869 49MR0505_2 P03 215 1 BUC 121105 0738 UN 24 14.51 N 172 46.02 E GPS 5859 5859 1,33 26.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 215 1 UNK 121105 0747 UN 24 14.41 N 172 46.05 E GPS 5868 5866 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 215 1 ROS 121105 0900 BO 24 13.74 N 172 45.97 E GPS 5835 5835 44 5878 5923 36 1-8,27 LADCP SOUNDING 49MR0505_2 P03 215 1 ROS 121105 1126 EN 24 12.53 N 172 45.49 E GPS 5834 5832 49MR0505_2 P03 217 1 ROS 121105 1534 BE 24 14.87 N 171 56.99 E GPS 5834 5835 49MR0505_2 P03 217 1 BUC 121105 1542 UN 24 14.86 N 171 56.99 E GPS 5835 5834 1,31,33 26.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 217 1 UNK 121105 1559 UN 24 14.91 N 171 56.95 E GPS 5832 5835 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 217 1 ROS 121105 1705 BO 24 15.43 N 171 57.00 E GPS 5835 5836 9 5900 5933 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 49MR0505_2 P03 217 1 ROS 121105 1932 EN 24 16.38 N 171 57.59 E GPS 5835 5836 49MR0505_2 554 1 UNK 121305 0039 UN 18 46.87 N 172 42.04 E GPS 2038 2025 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM5 1 MOR 121305 2042 BE 16 26.41 N 171 32.88 E GPS 5476 5475 2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 7 SBE37, 1 OPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM5 1 MOR 121305 2200 RE 16 26.78 N 171 31.04 E GPS 5469 5471 6 GRASS BUOY BROKEN, 1 SBE37 BROKEN 49MR0505_2 555 1 UNK 121405 0108 UN 16 11.08 N 171 59.10 E GPS 5308 5324 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM4 1 MOR 121405 1943 BE 15 31.28 N 171 14.50 E GPS 5614 5611 2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM4 1 MOR 121405 2103 RE 15 31.75 N 171 14.60 E GPS 5606 5606 1 SBE37 BROKEN 49MR0505_2 556 1 UNK 121505 0037 UN 14 43.91 N 170 58.72 E GPS 5664 5662 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM3 1 MOR 121505 0258 BE 14 34.04 N 170 55.08 E GPS 5673 5672 2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM3 1 MOR 121505 0409 RE 14 34.00 N 170 55.02 E GPS 5678 5673 2 SBE37 BROKEN 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM2 1 MOR 121505 2133 BE 13 38.40 N 170 34.19 E GPS -9 5525 2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 8 SBE37, 1 OPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM2 1 MOR 121505 2259 RE 13 38.28 N 170 33.84 E GPS 5516 5519 TRANSPONDER BROKEN, 1 SBE37 BROKEN 49MR0505_2 557 1 UNK 121605 0103 UN 13 10.24 N 170 23.96 E GPS 5410 5393 AEROSOL SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM1 1 MOR 121605 0503 BE 12 45.89 N 170 14.60 E GPS 5362 5364 2 RCM11, 1 RCM8, 7 SBE37, 1 OPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WM1 1 MOR 121605 0603 RE 12 45.64 N 170 13.58 E GPS 5348 5352 TRANSPONDER BROKEN, ROTOR OF RCM8 LOST 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC0 1 ROS 121605 0833 BE 12 43.32 N 170 13.59 E GPS 4560 4563 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC0 1 BUC 121605 0841 UN 12 43.37 N 170 13.51 E GPS 4545 4556 1,33 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC0 1 UNK 121605 0850 UN 12 43.43 N 170 13.45 E GPS 4577 4576 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC0 1 ROS 121605 0947 BO 12 43.80 N 170 13.34 E GPS 4658 4667 9 4625 4669 32 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC0 1 ROS 121605 1145 EN 12 44.73 N 170 12.96 E GPS 5267 5267 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC1 1 ROS 121605 1359 BE 12 45.89 N 170 14.88 E GPS 5369 5369 WITH 7 SBE37 (WM1) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC1 1 BUC 121605 1406 UN 12 45.98 N 170 14.85 E GPS 5356 5365 1 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC1 1 ROS 121605 1524 BO 12 46.60 N 170 14.58 E GPS 5369 5373 7 5426 5450 35 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC1 1 ROS 121605 1745 EN 12 47.35 N 170 14.24 E GPS 5347 5351 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC2 1 ROS 121605 2032 BE 13 12.56 N 170 24.85 E GPS 5406 5408 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC2 1 BUC 121605 2039 UN 13 12.63 N 170 24.72 E GPS 5402 5402 1,33 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC2 1 UNK 121605 2048 UN 13 12.71 N 170 24.64 E GPS 5406 5403 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC2 1 ROS 121605 2152 BO 13 13.10 N 170 24.54 E GPS 5401 5403 9 5412 5483 35 1-8,27 #1 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC2 1 ROS 121705 0007 EN 13 13.80 N 170 23.85 E GPS 5406 5405 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC3 1 ROS 121705 0249 BE 13 38.37 N 170 34.54 E GPS 5518 5516 WITH 6 SBE37 (WM5) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC3 1 BUC 121705 0256 UN 13 38.44 N 170 34.40 E GPS 5525 5522 1,33 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC3 1 UNK 121705 0305 UN 13 38.55 N 170 34.31 E GPS 5520 5519 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC3 1 ROS 121705 0415 BO 13 39.01 N 170 34.23 E GPS 5518 5519 9 5540 5602 36 1-6 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC3 1 ROS 121705 0639 EN 13 39.95 N 170 33.68 E GPS 5510 5510 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC4 1 ROS 121705 0934 BE 14 7.46 N 170 45.04 E GPS 5627 5628 WITH 7 SBE37 (WM4) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC4 1 BUC 121705 0941 UN 14 7.53 N 170 44.98 E GPS 5624 5625 1,33 27.7C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC4 1 UNK 121705 0950 UN 14 7.63 N 170 44.92 E GPS 5627 5625 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC4 1 ROS 121705 1103 BO 14 8.19 N 170 44.86 E GPS 5627 5629 9 5664 5721 36 1-6 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC4 1 ROS 121705 1326 EN 14 9.37 N 170 44.83 E GPS 5658 5651 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC5 1 ROS 121705 1612 BE 14 34.23 N 170 55.24 E GPS 5672 5673 WITH 6 SBE37 (WM3) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC5 1 BUC 121705 1619 UN 14 34.31 N 170 55.18 E GPS 5674 5674 1,33 27.7C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC5 1 UNK 121705 1628 UN 14 34.38 N 170 55.14 E GPS 5672 5674 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC5 1 ROS 121705 1739 BO 14 34.87 N 170 55.04 E GPS 5674 5674 10 5716 5769 36 1-6 #8 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC5 1 ROS 121705 2003 EN 14 35.77 N 170 54.57 E GPS 5681 5683 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC6 1 ROS 121705 2258 BE 15 2.38 N 171 4.81 E GPS 5673 5672 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC6 1 BUC 121705 2307 UN 15 2.45 N 171 4.72 E GPS 5672 5672 1,33 27.9C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC6 1 UNK 121705 2316 UN 15 2.52 N 171 4.65 E GPS 5702 5690 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC6 1 ROS 121805 0025 BO 15 3.13 N 171 4.30 E GPS 5663 5670 8 5767 5768 36 1-6 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC6 1 ROS 121805 0246 EN 15 4.47 N 171 3.60 E GPS 5383 5385 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC7 1 ROS 121805 0530 BE 15 31.30 N 171 14.83 E GPS 5618 5618 WITH 7 SBE37 (WM2) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC7 1 BUC 121805 0537 UN 15 31.37 N 171 14.82 E GPS 5606 5607 1,33 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC7 1 UNK 121805 0547 UN 15 31.43 N 171 14.74 E GPS 5619 5618 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC7 1 ROS 121805 0656 BO 15 31.74 N 171 14.64 E GPS 5608 5607 11 5623 5701 36 1-6 PRI SENSORS SHIFTED 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC7 1 ROS 121805 0918 EN 15 32.73 N 171 14.42 E GPS 5610 5609 1 SBE37 BROKEN 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC8 1 ROS 121805 1215 BE 15 57.46 N 171 25.04 E GPS 5538 5537 PRI OXYGEN SENSOR REPLACED, WITH 5 COMPACTOPTODE 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC8 1 BUC 121805 1222 UN 15 57.50 N 171 25.00 E GPS 5539 5539 1,33 27.8C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC8 1 UNK 121805 1230 UN 15 57.56 N 171 24.93 E GPS 5538 5538 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC8 1 ROS 121805 1340 BO 15 58.06 N 171 24.76 E GPS 5537 5537 9 5578 5623 36 1-6 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC8 1 ROS 121805 1557 EN 15 59.32 N 171 24.25 E GPS 5574 5574 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC9 1 ROS 121805 1839 BE 16 26.28 N 171 33.22 E GPS 5473 5474 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC9 1 BUC 121805 1847 UN 16 26.34 N 171 33.19 E GPS 5471 5472 1,33 27.7C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC9 1 UNK 121805 1856 UN 16 26.42 N 171 33.15 E GPS 5472 5474 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC9 1 ROS 121805 2003 BO 16 26.90 N 171 32.95 E GPS 5471 5471 8 5510 5561 36 1-6 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC9 1 ROS 121805 2218 EN 16 27.96 N 171 32.64 E GPS 5327 5340 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC10 1 ROS 121805 2346 BE 16 32.92 N 171 32.30 E GPS 4341 4351 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC10 1 BUC 121805 2353 UN 16 32.98 N 171 32.28 E GPS 4296 4296 1,33 27.9C 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC10 1 UNK 121905 0001 UN 16 33.04 N 171 32.24 E GPS 4288 4287 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC10 1 ROS 121905 0055 BO 16 33.46 N 171 32.15 E GPS 4528 4528 14 4434 4456 32 1-6 #8=#23 DUPL SMPLS (4000DB) 49MR0505_2 WIFE WC10 1 ROS 121905 0246 EN 16 33.96 N 171 31.98 E GPS 4468 4468 49MR0505_2 558 1 UNK 122005 0301 BE 21 6.55 N 171 37.43 E GPS 5570 5571 SURFACE WATER SMPL FOR NUTRIENTS (2000L) 49MR0505_2 559 1 UNK 122005 0325 BE 21 6.59 N 171 37.54 E GPS 5574 5573 CWS TEST AT 100M 49MR0505_2 558 1 UNK 122005 0345 EN 21 6.55 N 171 37.64 E GPS 5573 5571 49MR0505_2 559 1 UNK 122005 0416 EN 21 6.57 N 171 37.84 E GPS 5570 5567 49MR0505_2 P03 217 2 ROS 122005 2057 BE 24 14.81 N 171 56.81 E GPS 5842 5842 49MR0505_2 P03 217 2 BUC 122005 2104 UN 24 14.75 N 171 56.83 E GPS 5834 5834 1,33 26.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 217 2 UNK 122005 2113 UN 24 14.65 N 171 56.86 E GPS 5835 5834 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 217 2 ROS 122005 2223 BO 24 14.34 N 171 56.73 E GPS 5833 5834 8 5836 5933 34 1-8,23,24,26,27,81 #28,#36 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 P03 217 2 ROS 122105 0047 EN 24 13.98 N 171 56.72 E GPS 5819 5821 49MR0505_2 P03 219 1 ROS 122105 0451 BE 24 15.89 N 171 10.48 E GPS 5812 5810 49MR0505_2 P03 219 1 BUC 122105 0459 UN 24 15.86 N 171 10.52 E GPS 5786 5788 1,33 26.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 219 1 UNK 122105 0509 UN 24 15.84 N 171 10.53 E GPS 5787 5794 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 219 1 ROS 122105 0619 BO 24 15.55 N 171 10.58 E GPS 5775 5775 9 5777 5870 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 219 1 ROS 122105 0844 EN 24 14.64 N 171 10.43 E GPS 5858 5857 49MR0505_2 P03 221 1 ROS 122105 1311 BE 24 15.20 N 170 21.19 E GPS 5834 5833 49MR0505_2 P03 221 1 BUC 122105 1320 UN 24 15.18 N 170 21.21 E GPS 5830 5817 1,33 25.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 221 1 UNK 122105 1329 UN 24 15.16 N 170 21.22 E GPS 5839 5832 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 221 1 ROS 122105 1443 BO 24 14.72 N 170 21.24 E GPS 5873 5873 10 5856 5933 36 1-8,22,27 49MR0505_2 P03 221 2 UNK 122105 1502 BE 24 14.57 N 170 21.19 E GPS 5875 5880 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 221 2 UNK 122105 1514 EN 24 14.45 N 170 21.18 E GPS 5886 5879 49MR0505_2 P03 221 1 ROS 122105 1708 EN 24 13.49 N 170 20.99 E GPS 5944 5943 49MR0505_2 P03 223 1 ROS 122105 2122 BE 24 16.29 N 169 31.62 E GPS 6136 6135 WITHOUT LADCP 49MR0505_2 P03 223 1 BUC 122105 2131 UN 24 16.19 N 169 31.56 E GPS 6141 6136 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 223 1 UNK 122105 2140 UN 24 16.12 N 169 31.48 E GPS 6140 6138 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 223 1 ROS 122105 2255 BO 24 15.98 N 169 30.83 E GPS 6136 6138 9 6190 6241 36 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 223 1 ROS 122205 0130 EN 24 15.57 N 169 29.88 E GPS 6148 6151 49MR0505_2 P03 225 1 ROS 122205 0516 BE 24 16.36 N 168 46.11 E GPS 5887 5888 49MR0505_2 P03 225 1 BUC 122205 0525 UN 24 16.38 N 168 46.20 E GPS 5886 5886 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 225 1 UNK 122205 0534 UN 24 16.39 N 168 46.26 E GPS 5886 5886 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 225 1 ROS 122205 0647 BO 24 16.32 N 168 46.41 E GPS 5889 5888 8 5883 5986 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 225 1 ROS 122205 0914 EN 24 15.99 N 168 46.57 E GPS 5887 5886 49MR0505_2 P03 227 1 ROS 122205 1319 BE 24 16.49 N 167 58.15 E GPS 5998 5999 49MR0505_2 P03 227 1 BUC 122205 1327 UN 24 16.48 N 167 58.20 E GPS 5986 5986 1,31,33,82 25.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 227 1 UNK 122205 1339 UN 24 16.51 N 167 58.26 E GPS 5983 5983 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 227 1 ROS 122205 1452 BO 24 16.58 N 167 58.68 E GPS 5984 5984 8 6014 6096 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_2 P03 227 1 ROS 122205 1720 EN 24 16.92 N 167 59.46 E GPS 5986 5986 49MR0505_2 P03 229 1 ROS 122205 2111 BE 24 14.91 N 167 15.00 E GPS 5626 5622 49MR0505_2 P03 229 1 BUC 122205 2120 UN 24 14.88 N 167 15.02 E GPS 5634 5632 1,33 25.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 229 1 UNK 122205 2130 UN 24 14.87 N 167 15.03 E GPS 5637 5638 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 229 1 ROS 122205 2236 BO 24 14.84 N 167 15.52 E GPS 5675 5675 9 5670 5732 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 #18=#6 DUPL SMPLS (4750DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 229 1 ROS 122305 0058 EN 24 14.69 N 167 16.50 E GPS 5703 5703 49MR0505_2 P03 231 1 ROS 122305 0504 BE 24 14.89 N 166 28.65 E GPS 5750 5751 49MR0505_2 P03 231 1 BUC 122305 0511 UN 24 14.91 N 166 28.68 E GPS 5747 5751 1,33 26.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 231 1 UNK 122305 0520 UN 24 14.89 N 166 28.68 E GPS 5760 5757 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 231 1 ROS 122305 0630 BO 24 14.82 N 166 28.99 E GPS 5800 5801 10 5771 5858 35 1-8,22,27 #2 FOR R.N., #26 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 P03 231 2 UNK 122305 0654 BE 24 14.77 N 166 29.12 E GPS 5823 5825 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 231 2 UNK 122305 0704 EN 24 14.74 N 166 29.16 E GPS 5843 5841 49MR0505_2 P03 231 1 ROS 122305 0853 EN 24 14.52 N 166 29.75 E GPS 5965 5964 49MR0505_2 P03 233 1 ROS 122305 1314 BE 24 15.56 N 165 39.78 E GPS 5970 5977 49MR0505_2 P03 233 1 BUC 122305 1320 UN 24 15.63 N 165 39.86 E GPS 5970 5970 1,33 25.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 233 1 UNK 122305 1329 UN 24 15.64 N 165 39.95 E GPS 5969 5969 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 233 1 ROS 122305 1445 BO 24 15.51 N 165 40.24 E GPS 5970 5971 9 5992 6067 36 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 233 1 ROS 122305 1711 EN 24 15.55 N 165 41.04 E GPS 5935 5935 49MR0505_2 P03 X13 1 ROS 122305 2059 BE 24 2.65 N 164 59.09 E GPS 6077 6072 HEAVY RAIN WHEN BEGINNING THE CAST 49MR0505_2 560 1 UNK 122305 2100 UN 24 2.70 N 164 59.09 E GPS 6069 6064 RAIN SMPL (38.0MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 X13 1 BUC 122305 2106 UN 24 2.71 N 164 59.08 E GPS 6079 6078 1,33 25.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 X13 1 UNK 122305 2115 UN 24 2.73 N 164 59.09 E GPS 6062 6061 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 X13 1 ROS 122305 2229 BO 24 2.77 N 164 59.25 E GPS 6062 6060 7 6077 6170 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 X13 1 ROS 122405 0102 EN 24 3.28 N 164 59.26 E GPS 6054 6055 49MR0505_2 561 1 UNK 122405 0507 UN 24 12.65 N 164 10.92 E GPS 4340 4340 RAIN SMPL (2.4MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 237 1 ROS 122405 0554 BE 24 14.25 N 164 2.81 E GPS 5786 5786 49MR0505_2 P03 237 1 BUC 122405 0602 UN 24 14.19 N 164 2.83 E GPS 5778 5780 1,33 26.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 237 1 UNK 122405 0611 UN 24 14.16 N 164 2.79 E GPS 5773 5775 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 237 1 ROS 122405 0724 BO 24 13.64 N 164 2.84 E GPS 5739 5734 11 5798 5864 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 237 1 ROS 122405 0950 EN 24 12.67 N 164 2.72 E GPS 5556 5571 49MR0505_2 P03 239 1 ROS 122405 1353 BE 24 16.41 N 163 16.09 E GPS 5749 5746 49MR0505_2 P03 239 1 BUC 122405 1404 UN 24 16.44 N 163 16.15 E GPS 5751 5752 1,31,33 26.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 239 1 UNK 122405 1420 UN 24 16.45 N 163 16.29 E GPS 5756 5753 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 239 1 ROS 122405 1531 BO 24 16.47 N 163 17.31 E GPS 5757 5755 10 5941 5850 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 49MR0505_2 P03 239 1 ROS 122405 1800 EN 24 16.45 N 163 19.50 E GPS 5726 5726 49MR0505_2 P03 241 1 ROS 122405 2244 BE 24 14.89 N 162 26.81 E GPS 5456 5457 49MR0505_2 P03 241 1 BUC 122405 2253 UN 24 14.77 N 162 26.79 E GPS 5462 5458 1,33 25.7C 49MR0505_2 P03 241 1 UNK 122405 2302 UN 24 14.69 N 162 26.78 E GPS 5454 5455 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 241 1 ROS 122505 0007 BO 24 14.24 N 162 26.45 E GPS 5440 5441 10 5517 5542 35 1-8,27,81 #2 LEAKING 49MR0505_2 P03 241 1 ROS 122505 0223 EN 24 13.26 N 162 25.79 E GPS 5424 5423 49MR0505_2 P03 243 1 ROS 122505 0638 BE 24 15.11 N 161 35.90 E GPS 2949 2943 49MR0505_2 P03 243 1 BUC 122505 0643 UN 24 15.04 N 161 35.84 E GPS 3032 3031 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 243 1 UNK 122505 0652 UN 24 14.99 N 161 35.73 E GPS 3157 3158 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 243 1 ROS 122505 0730 BO 24 14.90 N 161 35.52 E GPS 3328 3328 10 3215 3240 25 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 243 1 ROS 122505 0902 EN 24 14.44 N 161 34.91 E GPS 3676 3677 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 ROS 122505 1247 BE 24 16.00 N 160 50.39 E GPS 5079 5079 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 BUC 122505 1255 UN 24 15.92 N 160 50.38 E GPS 5086 5087 1 26.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 ROS 122505 1409 BO 24 15.49 N 160 49.98 E GPS 5007 5008 9 5076 5120 36 1-8,22,27 #2-4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 UNK 122505 1528 BE 24 15.09 N 160 49.57 E GPS 4973 4977 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 UNK 122505 1538 EN 24 15.06 N 160 49.48 E GPS 4966 4963 49MR0505_2 P03 245 1 ROS 122505 1615 EN 24 14.87 N 160 49.23 E GPS 4903 4904 49MR0505_2 P03 247 1 ROS 122505 2015 BE 24 16.20 N 160 3.40 E GPS 5510 5511 49MR0505_2 P03 247 1 BUC 122505 2024 UN 24 16.23 N 160 3.40 E GPS 5508 5515 1,33 26.6C 49MR0505_2 P03 247 1 UNK 122505 2033 UN 24 16.25 N 160 3.45 E GPS 5509 5509 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 247 1 ROS 122505 2139 BO 24 16.20 N 160 3.85 E GPS 5522 5522 11 5535 5603 35 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 562 1 UNK 122505 2250 UN 24 16.28 N 160 4.35 E GPS 5508 5508 RAIN SMPL (0.5MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 247 1 ROS 122505 2354 EN 24 16.28 N 160 4.77 E GPS 5533 5520 49MR0505_2 P03 249 1 ROS 122605 0411 BE 24 14.13 N 159 15.33 E GPS 4267 4257 49MR0505_2 P03 249 1 BUC 122605 0419 UN 24 14.16 N 159 15.28 E GPS 4194 4200 1,33 26.6C 49MR0505_2 P03 249 1 UNK 122605 0427 UN 24 14.16 N 159 15.26 E GPS 4194 4193 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 563 1 UNK 122605 0444 UN 24 14.16 N 159 15.22 E GPS 4164 4155 RAIN SMPL (0.2MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 249 1 ROS 122605 0521 BO 24 14.19 N 159 15.05 E GPS 4222 4221 11 4243 4293 30 1-8,23,24,26,27 #19=#11 DUPL SMPLS (3500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 249 1 ROS 122605 0713 EN 24 13.94 N 159 14.85 E GPS 4185 4183 49MR0505_2 P03 251 1 ROS 122605 1117 BE 24 16.72 N 158 26.93 E GPS 5833 5836 49MR0505_2 P03 251 1 BUC 122605 1124 UN 24 16.74 N 158 26.90 E GPS 5840 5840 1,31,33,82 26.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 251 1 UNK 122605 1136 UN 24 16.79 N 158 26.91 E GPS 5836 5837 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 251 1 ROS 122605 1245 BO 24 16.75 N 158 26.91 E GPS 5842 5845 9 5833 5933 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_2 P03 251 1 ROS 122605 1508 EN 24 17.03 N 158 27.25 E GPS 5834 5838 49MR0505_2 P03 253 1 ROS 122605 1901 BE 24 14.79 N 157 40.11 E GPS 5835 5835 49MR0505_2 P03 253 1 BUC 122605 1908 UN 24 14.78 N 157 40.09 E GPS 5825 5828 1,33 25.7C 49MR0505_2 P03 253 1 UNK 122605 1917 UN 24 14.76 N 157 40.05 E GPS 5828 5825 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 253 1 ROS 122605 2030 BO 24 14.57 N 157 40.08 E GPS 5822 5822 9 5821 5921 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 253 1 ROS 122605 2254 EN 24 14.25 N 157 40.59 E GPS 5834 5830 49MR0505_2 P03 255 1 ROS 122705 0255 BE 24 13.82 N 156 50.57 E GPS 5718 5718 49MR0505_2 P03 255 1 BUC 122705 0302 UN 24 13.70 N 156 50.57 E GPS 5731 5731 1,33 25.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 255 1 UNK 122705 0311 UN 24 13.64 N 156 50.56 E GPS 5722 5722 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 564 1 UNK 122705 0340 UN 24 13.36 N 156 50.47 E GPS 5726 5727 RAIN SMPL (0.6MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 255 1 ROS 122705 0424 BO 24 13.03 N 156 50.31 E GPS 5724 5723 9 5797 5819 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 255 1 ROS 122705 0647 EN 24 11.88 N 156 49.56 E GPS 5718 5719 49MR0505_2 P03 257 1 ROS 122705 1040 BE 24 14.29 N 156 4.23 E GPS 5655 5655 49MR0505_2 P03 257 1 BUC 122705 1047 UN 24 14.27 N 156 4.25 E GPS 5657 5657 1,33 25.6C 49MR0505_2 P03 257 1 UNK 122705 1057 UN 24 14.18 N 156 4.27 E GPS 5655 5657 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 257 1 ROS 122705 1206 BO 24 13.59 N 156 4.18 E GPS 5669 5669 10 5727 5757 36 1-8,22,27 #2 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 257 2 UNK 122705 1213 BE 24 13.56 N 156 4.16 E GPS 5671 5670 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 257 2 UNK 122705 1232 EN 24 13.37 N 156 4.14 E GPS 5664 5662 49MR0505_2 P03 257 1 ROS 122705 1427 EN 24 12.43 N 156 3.72 E GPS 5655 5656 49MR0505_2 P03 259 1 ROS 122705 1852 BE 24 18.41 N 155 13.57 E GPS 5586 5586 49MR0505_2 P03 259 1 BUC 122705 1859 UN 24 18.28 N 155 13.52 E GPS 5578 5585 1,33 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 259 1 UNK 122705 1909 UN 24 18.20 N 155 13.42 E GPS 5586 5587 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 259 1 ROS 122705 2018 BO 24 17.79 N 155 12.79 E GPS 5584 5582 11 5640 5675 35 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 259 1 ROS 122705 2237 EN 24 16.85 N 155 11.72 E GPS 5583 5582 49MR0505_2 P03 261 1 ROS 122805 0223 BE 24 11.66 N 154 27.02 E GPS 4910 4899 49MR0505_2 P03 261 1 BUC 122805 0232 UN 24 11.52 N 154 26.94 E GPS 4892 4893 1,33 24.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 261 1 UNK 122805 0242 UN 24 11.46 N 154 26.81 E GPS 4922 4923 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 261 1 ROS 122805 0341 BO 24 11.07 N 154 26.35 E GPS 4985 4987 8 4988 5014 33 1-8,27 #20=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 261 1 ROS 122805 0545 EN 24 10.37 N 154 25.21 E GPS 5043 5043 49MR0505_2 P03 263 1 ROS 122805 1004 BE 24 12.81 N 153 34.06 E GPS 5410 5421 49MR0505_2 P03 263 1 BUC 122805 1013 UN 24 12.78 N 153 34.02 E GPS 5425 5424 1,31,33 24.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 263 1 UNK 122805 1027 UN 24 12.73 N 153 33.94 E GPS 5418 5419 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 263 1 ROS 122805 1127 BO 24 12.34 N 153 33.49 E GPS 5412 5413 8 5481 5507 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 #2,#3 FOR POM 49MR0505_2 P03 263 1 ROS 122805 1344 EN 24 11.83 N 153 32.39 E GPS 5399 5400 49MR0505_2 P03 265 1 ROS 122805 1728 BE 24 16.19 N 152 49.55 E GPS 5343 5345 49MR0505_2 P03 265 1 BUC 122805 1737 UN 24 16.13 N 152 49.48 E GPS 5342 5342 1,33 24.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 265 1 UNK 122805 1746 UN 24 16.07 N 152 49.44 E GPS 5342 5343 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 265 1 ROS 122805 1851 BO 24 15.79 N 152 48.89 E GPS 5343 5343 9 5381 5429 35 1-8,27 #21=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 265 1 ROS 122805 2104 EN 24 15.03 N 152 47.86 E GPS 5358 5359 49MR0505_2 P03 267 1 ROS 122905 0043 BE 24 14.45 N 152 3.88 E GPS 5488 5489 49MR0505_2 P03 267 1 BUC 122905 0052 UN 24 14.40 N 152 3.75 E GPS 5482 5485 1,33 24.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 267 1 UNK 122905 0102 UN 24 14.37 N 152 3.67 E GPS 5489 5488 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 267 1 ROS 122905 0208 BO 24 14.08 N 152 2.71 E GPS 5470 5473 9 5604 5563 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 #23=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 267 1 ROS 122905 0422 EN 24 13.97 N 152 1.39 E GPS 5476 5476 49MR0505_2 P03 269 1 ROS 122905 0803 BE 24 14.80 N 151 15.26 E GPS 5493 5490 49MR0505_2 P03 269 1 BUC 122905 0811 UN 24 14.78 N 151 15.22 E GPS 5479 5478 1,33 25.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 269 1 UNK 122905 0821 UN 24 14.76 N 151 15.14 E GPS 5479 5479 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 269 1 ROS 122905 0928 BO 24 14.73 N 151 14.75 E GPS 5496 5488 9 5489 5573 35 1-8,27 #22=#5 DUPL SMPLS (5000DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 269 1 ROS 122905 1142 EN 24 14.46 N 151 13.93 E GPS 5461 5460 49MR0505_2 P03 271 1 ROS 122905 1537 BE 24 17.19 N 150 28.23 E GPS 5125 5116 49MR0505_2 P03 271 1 BUC 122905 1547 UN 24 17.20 N 150 28.18 E GPS 5132 5137 1,33 24.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 271 1 UNK 122905 1557 UN 24 17.25 N 150 28.10 E GPS 5150 5126 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 271 1 ROS 122905 1658 BO 24 17.41 N 150 27.79 E GPS 5140 5138 9 5139 5208 34 1-8,23,24,26,27 #23=#7 DUPL SMPLS (4500DB) 49MR0505_2 P03 271 1 ROS 122905 1902 EN 24 17.42 N 150 26.82 E GPS 5106 5106 49MR0505_2 P03 273 1 ROS 122905 2246 BE 24 15.91 N 149 39.83 E GPS 5012 5012 49MR0505_2 P03 273 1 BUC 122905 2255 UN 24 15.86 N 149 39.72 E GPS 5023 5022 1,33 24.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 273 1 UNK 122905 2307 UN 24 15.82 N 149 39.59 E GPS 5017 5022 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 273 1 ROS 123005 0002 BO 24 15.72 N 149 39.29 E GPS 5036 5035 10 5047 5093 36 1-8,22,27 #2-4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 273 2 UNK 123005 0016 BE 24 15.79 N 149 39.19 E GPS 5040 5043 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 273 2 UNK 123005 0038 EN 24 15.74 N 149 39.01 E GPS 5044 5044 49MR0505_2 P03 273 1 ROS 123005 0203 EN 24 15.55 N 149 37.90 E GPS 5063 5062 49MR0505_2 P03 X10 1 ROS 123005 0406 BE 24 30.29 N 149 19.94 E GPS 5763 5768 49MR0505_2 P03 X10 1 BUC 123005 0414 UN 24 30.26 N 149 19.83 E GPS 5766 5767 1,33 24.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 X10 1 UNK 123005 0422 UN 24 30.23 N 149 19.71 E GPS 5768 5768 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 X10 1 ROS 123005 0537 BO 24 30.20 N 149 18.79 E GPS 5770 5770 9 5889 5867 36 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 X10 1 ROS 123005 0800 EN 24 30.08 N 149 17.71 E GPS 5767 5767 49MR0505_2 P03 275 1 ROS 123005 0954 BE 24 14.57 N 149 1.60 E GPS 5789 5789 49MR0505_2 P03 275 1 BUC 123005 1001 UN 24 14.51 N 149 1.45 E GPS 5790 5787 1 24.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 275 1 ROS 123005 1120 BO 24 14.49 N 149 0.96 E GPS 5791 5790 9 5839 5888 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 275 1 ROS 123005 1342 EN 24 14.54 N 149 0.24 E GPS 5797 5798 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 2 SHIP/CRS WOCE CAST UTC EVENT POSITION UNC COR HT ABOVE WIRE MAX NO. OF EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO TYPE DATE TIME CODE LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAV DEPTH DEPTH BOTTOM OUT PRESS BOTTLES PARAMETERS COMMENTS ---------- ---- ------- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----------- ------------ --- ----- ----- ------ ---- ----- -------- --------------------------- --------------------------------------------- 49MR0505_2 P03 277 1 ROS 123005 1628 BE 24 14.77 N 148 26.85 E GPS 5789 5787 49MR0505_2 P03 277 1 BUC 123005 1635 UN 24 14.75 N 148 26.73 E GPS 5787 5788 1,33 23.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 277 1 UNK 123005 1644 UN 24 14.75 N 148 26.61 E GPS 5784 5786 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 277 1 ROS 123005 1758 BO 24 14.73 N 148 26.02 E GPS 5788 5789 11 5852 5891 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 277 1 ROS 123005 2014 EN 24 14.44 N 148 24.70 E GPS 5790 5791 49MR0505_2 P03 279 1 ROS 123005 2255 BE 24 15.61 N 147 50.97 E GPS 5841 5843 49MR0505_2 P03 279 1 BUC 123005 2302 UN 24 15.51 N 147 50.90 E GPS 5842 5841 1,31,33,82 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 279 1 UNK 123005 2313 UN 24 15.47 N 147 50.80 E GPS 5845 5839 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 279 1 ROS 123105 0023 BO 24 15.54 N 147 50.25 E GPS 5838 5841 9 5924 5939 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_2 P03 279 1 ROS 123105 0241 EN 24 15.23 N 147 49.00 E GPS 5820 5818 49MR0505_2 565 1 UNK 010106 0355 BE 24 17.29 N 147 28.08 E GPS 5835 5835 MAGNETOMETER CALIBRATION 49MR0505_2 565 1 UNK 010106 0420 EN 24 17.68 N 147 28.09 E GPS 5834 5834 49MR0505_2 P03 281 1 ROS 010106 1855 BE 24 15.71 N 147 15.39 E GPS 5855 5855 49MR0505_2 P03 281 1 BUC 010106 1901 UN 24 15.67 N 147 15.34 E GPS 5858 5858 1,33 25.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 281 1 UNK 010106 1910 UN 24 15.68 N 147 15.28 E GPS 5856 5858 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 281 1 ROS 010106 2023 BO 24 15.66 N 147 14.76 E GPS 5871 5871 9 5923 5966 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 281 1 ROS 010106 2249 EN 24 15.63 N 147 13.23 E GPS 5890 5890 49MR0505_2 P03 283 1 ROS 010206 0133 BE 24 16.08 N 146 39.73 E GPS 5873 5873 49MR0505_2 P03 283 1 BUC 010206 0141 UN 24 16.16 N 146 39.73 E GPS 5875 5875 1,33 25.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 283 1 UNK 010206 0150 UN 24 16.27 N 146 39.75 E GPS 5876 5876 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 283 1 ROS 010206 0305 BO 24 16.82 N 146 39.61 E GPS 5875 5875 10 5995 5979 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 283 1 ROS 010206 0529 EN 24 18.35 N 146 39.74 E GPS 5875 5875 49MR0505_2 P03 285 1 ROS 010206 0833 BE 24 16.75 N 146 2.92 E GPS 5732 5730 SEC OXYGEN SENSOR REPLACED 49MR0505_2 P03 285 1 BUC 010206 0839 UN 24 16.83 N 146 2.86 E GPS 5724 5725 1,33 25.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 285 1 UNK 010206 0848 UN 24 16.90 N 146 2.83 E GPS 5726 5726 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 285 1 ROS 010206 1000 BO 24 17.28 N 146 3.09 E GPS 5726 5725 9 5734 5826 35 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 285 1 ROS 010206 1225 EN 24 18.53 N 146 4.18 E GPS 5724 5724 49MR0505_2 P03 287 1 ROS 010206 1543 BE 24 14.03 N 145 27.19 E GPS 5559 5558 49MR0505_2 P03 287 1 BUC 010206 1551 UN 24 14.13 N 145 27.27 E GPS 5557 5557 1 25.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 287 1 ROS 010206 1710 BO 24 13.90 N 145 27.76 E GPS 5561 5561 10 5571 5645 35 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 287 1 ROS 010206 1927 EN 24 13.57 N 145 29.09 E GPS 5556 5556 49MR0505_2 P03 289 1 ROS 010206 2303 BE 24 13.65 N 144 50.02 E GPS 5348 5349 49MR0505_2 P03 289 1 BUC 010206 2310 UN 24 13.55 N 144 50.18 E GPS 5353 5347 1,33 23.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 289 1 UNK 010206 2320 UN 24 13.52 N 144 50.21 E GPS 5348 5347 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 289 1 ROS 010306 0023 BO 24 13.20 N 144 50.05 E GPS 5359 5359 10 5391 5434 34 1-8,27 #20 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 P03 289 1 ROS 010306 0237 EN 24 12.52 N 144 49.95 E GPS 5362 5362 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 ROS 010306 0546 BE 24 15.56 N 144 14.81 E GPS 4898 4898 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 BUC 010306 0555 UN 24 15.45 N 144 14.77 E GPS 4895 4896 1,31,33 23.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 UNK 010306 0611 UN 24 15.29 N 144 14.57 E GPS 4896 4896 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 ROS 010306 0706 BO 24 14.84 N 144 14.03 E GPS 4911 4911 9 5022 4969 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 #2-5 FOR POM 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 ROS 010306 0915 EN 24 14.29 N 144 12.79 E GPS 4967 4967 49MR0505_2 P03 291 1 FLT 010306 0921 DE 24 14.24 N 144 12.64 E GPS 4981 4982 ARGO SN2296 (ARGOS_ID 60094) 49MR0505_2 P03 293 1 ROS 010306 1205 BE 24 16.43 N 143 38.26 E GPS 8758 8759 WITHOUT LADCP 49MR0505_2 P03 293 1 BUC 010306 1213 UN 24 16.34 N 143 38.04 E GPS 8790 8792 1,33 24.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 293 1 UNK 010306 1223 UN 24 16.21 N 143 37.96 E GPS 8795 8793 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 293 1 ROS 010306 1342 BO 24 15.48 N 143 37.68 E GPS 8740 8740 -9 6482 6502 36 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 293 1 ROS 010306 1627 EN 24 14.33 N 143 37.81 E GPS 8291 8292 49MR0505_2 P03 295 1 ROS 010306 1832 BE 24 15.04 N 143 13.67 E GPS 4674 4674 49MR0505_2 P03 295 1 BUC 010306 1839 UN 24 15.09 N 143 13.66 E GPS 4645 4646 1,33 23.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 295 1 UNK 010306 1849 UN 24 15.10 N 143 13.66 E GPS 4648 4648 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 295 1 ROS 010306 1945 BO 24 15.22 N 143 13.51 E GPS 4624 4625 5 4634 4689 34 1-8,22,27 #2-4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 295 2 UNK 010306 1953 BE 24 15.25 N 143 13.55 E GPS 4619 4618 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 295 2 UNK 010306 2007 EN 24 15.28 N 143 13.62 E GPS 4629 4624 49MR0505_2 P03 295 1 ROS 010306 2147 EN 24 15.63 N 143 13.39 E GPS 4648 4648 49MR0505_2 P03 297 1 ROS 010306 2345 BE 24 14.88 N 142 56.72 E GPS 2472 2480 49MR0505_2 P03 297 1 BUC 010306 2352 UN 24 14.83 N 142 56.66 E GPS 2476 2477 1 23.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 297 1 ROS 010406 0026 BO 24 14.71 N 142 56.46 E GPS 2583 2591 19 2514 2526 22 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 297 1 ROS 010406 0138 EN 24 14.57 N 142 56.16 E GPS 2675 2693 49MR0505_2 P03 299 1 ROS 010406 0411 BE 24 14.19 N 142 27.31 E GPS 2914 2913 49MR0505_2 P03 299 1 BUC 010406 0419 UN 24 14.14 N 142 27.22 E GPS 2915 2914 1,33 24.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 299 1 UNK 010406 0428 UN 24 14.12 N 142 27.10 E GPS 2905 2902 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 299 1 ROS 010406 0500 BO 24 14.02 N 142 26.73 E GPS 2888 2885 10 2970 2926 24 1-8,23,24,26,27 DECK UNIT FUZED (AT 2800DB, UPCAST) 49MR0505_2 P03 299 1 ROS 010406 0635 EN 24 13.69 N 142 25.66 E GPS 2854 2851 49MR0505_2 P03 301 1 ROS 010406 0900 BE 24 14.10 N 142 6.68 E GPS 2580 2579 49MR0505_2 P03 301 1 BUC 010406 0907 UN 24 14.04 N 142 6.60 E GPS 2580 2578 1 24.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 301 1 ROS 010406 0943 BO 24 13.98 N 142 6.11 E GPS 2579 2579 8 2610 2593 22 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 301 1 ROS 010406 1103 EN 24 13.77 N 142 4.94 E GPS 2578 2578 49MR0505_2 P03 303 1 ROS 010406 1256 BE 24 14.35 N 141 45.54 E GPS 2520 2518 49MR0505_2 P03 303 1 BUC 010406 1304 UN 24 14.29 N 141 45.43 E GPS 2513 2516 1,33 24.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 303 1 UNK 010406 1313 UN 24 14.33 N 141 45.34 E GPS 2517 2515 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 303 1 ROS 010406 1339 BO 24 14.40 N 141 45.20 E GPS 2507 2509 9 2525 2529 22 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 303 1 ROS 010406 1458 EN 24 14.31 N 141 44.70 E GPS 2501 2501 49MR0505_2 P03 305 1 ROS 010406 1659 BE 24 14.72 N 141 33.59 E GPS 1320 1321 NEAR ACTIVE SUBMARINE VOLCANO 49MR0505_2 P03 305 1 BUC 010406 1707 UN 24 14.70 N 141 33.57 E GPS 1322 1322 1 24.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 305 1 ROS 010406 1728 BO 24 14.62 N 141 33.54 E GPS 1324 1329 14 1353 1359 16 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 305 1 ROS 010406 1821 EN 24 14.45 N 141 33.37 E GPS 1349 1342 49MR0505_2 P03 306 1 ROS 010406 2019 BE 24 14.57 N 141 24.39 E GPS 892 888 49MR0505_2 P03 306 1 BUC 010406 2025 UN 24 14.56 N 141 24.37 E GPS 892 892 1 24.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 306 1 ROS 010406 2038 BO 24 14.52 N 141 24.35 E GPS 872 885 10 876 880 13 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 306 1 ROS 010406 2112 EN 24 14.45 N 141 24.29 E GPS 884 886 49MR0505_2 P03 308 1 ROS 010406 2313 BE 24 15.01 N 141 11.99 E GPS 1864 1865 49MR0505_2 P03 308 1 BUC 010406 2320 UN 24 15.09 N 141 11.97 E GPS 1846 1844 1,33 23.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 308 1 UNK 010406 2328 UN 24 15.13 N 141 11.99 E GPS 1839 1836 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 308 1 ROS 010406 2345 BO 24 15.15 N 141 12.04 E GPS 1835 1834 9 1833 1841 18 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 308 1 ROS 010506 0041 EN 24 15.46 N 141 12.24 E GPS 1833 1832 49MR0505_2 P03 310 1 ROS 010506 0241 BE 24 15.83 N 140 47.81 E GPS 2695 2693 49MR0505_2 P03 310 1 BUC 010506 0249 UN 24 15.91 N 140 47.74 E GPS 2679 2678 1 23.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 310 1 ROS 010506 0325 BO 24 15.99 N 140 47.56 E GPS 2681 2680 10 2680 2697 23 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 310 1 ROS 010506 0445 EN 24 16.11 N 140 47.38 E GPS 2678 2676 49MR0505_2 P03 312 1 ROS 010506 0727 BE 24 15.67 N 140 15.98 E GPS 4024 4015 49MR0505_2 P03 312 1 BUC 010506 0733 UN 24 15.65 N 140 16.00 E GPS 4016 4016 1,33 23.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 312 1 UNK 010506 0742 UN 24 15.61 N 140 16.00 E GPS 4019 4022 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 312 1 ROS 010506 0829 BO 24 15.44 N 140 16.17 E GPS 4015 4014 10 4034 4070 28 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 312 1 ROS 010506 1026 EN 24 15.29 N 140 16.76 E GPS 4027 4026 49MR0505_2 P03 314 1 ROS 010506 1429 BE 24 13.88 N 139 24.75 E GPS 4793 4792 49MR0505_2 P03 314 1 BUC 010506 1436 UN 24 13.84 N 139 24.74 E GPS 4786 4789 1,31,33,82 22.5C 49MR0505_2 P03 314 1 UNK 010506 1447 UN 24 13.80 N 139 24.75 E GPS 4787 4787 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 314 1 ROS 010506 1543 BO 24 13.61 N 139 24.89 E GPS 4792 4784 10 4802 4854 32 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,64,82 49MR0505_2 P03 314 1 ROS 010506 1742 EN 24 12.56 N 139 24.87 E GPS 4633 4636 49MR0505_2 P03 316 1 ROS 010506 2150 BE 24 15.54 N 138 34.41 E GPS 5027 5026 49MR0505_2 P03 316 1 BUC 010506 2156 UN 24 15.55 N 138 34.35 E GPS 5026 5027 1,33 21.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 316 1 UNK 010506 2206 UN 24 15.52 N 138 34.27 E GPS 5026 5027 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 316 1 ROS 010506 2307 BO 24 15.27 N 138 33.80 E GPS 5027 5028 9 5061 5103 33 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 316 1 ROS 010606 0116 EN 24 15.17 N 138 33.37 E GPS 5028 5028 49MR0505_2 P03 318 1 ROS 010606 0501 BE 24 14.69 N 137 48.26 E GPS 5124 5125 49MR0505_2 P03 318 1 BUC 010606 0508 UN 24 14.60 N 137 48.23 E GPS 5122 5122 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 318 1 UNK 010606 0517 UN 24 14.47 N 137 48.18 E GPS 5100 5106 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 318 1 ROS 010606 0621 BO 24 14.07 N 137 47.83 E GPS 5027 5031 9 5153 5173 36 1-8,22,27 #2-4 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 318 2 UNK 010606 0628 BE 24 14.04 N 137 47.79 E GPS 5029 5021 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 318 2 UNK 010606 0644 EN 24 13.99 N 137 47.69 E GPS 5007 5007 49MR0505_2 P03 318 1 ROS 010606 0836 EN 24 13.47 N 137 47.40 E GPS 5060 5065 49MR0505_2 P03 X09 1 ROS 010606 1514 BE 23 59.82 N 136 59.77 E GPS 4045 4046 49MR0505_2 P03 X09 1 BUC 010606 1522 UN 23 59.77 N 136 59.78 E GPS 4045 4040 1,33 22.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 X09 1 UNK 010606 1531 UN 23 59.64 N 136 59.79 E GPS 4071 4072 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 X09 1 ROS 010606 1622 BO 23 59.22 N 136 59.60 E GPS 4091 4100 10 4163 4166 30 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 #2 DUPL FOR SALNTY 49MR0505_2 P03 X09 1 ROS 010606 1808 EN 23 58.37 N 136 59.05 E GPS 4128 4128 49MR0505_2 P03 322 1 ROS 010606 2241 BE 24 14.84 N 136 12.03 E GPS 3925 3925 49MR0505_2 P03 322 1 BUC 010606 2249 UN 24 14.65 N 136 11.97 E GPS 3948 3969 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 322 1 UNK 010606 2258 UN 24 14.51 N 136 11.89 E GPS 3987 3988 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 322 1 ROS 010606 2347 BO 24 14.15 N 136 11.41 E GPS 4368 4363 10 4181 4154 29 1-8,23,24,26,27 #2 DUPL FOR SALNTY, #18 MISS FIRE 49MR0505_2 566 1 UNK 010706 0030 UN 24 13.93 N 136 11.10 E GPS 4539 4539 RAIN SMPL (1.5MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 322 1 ROS 010706 0136 EN 24 13.55 N 136 10.77 E GPS 4748 4765 49MR0505_2 P03 324 1 ROS 010706 0444 BE 24 15.56 N 135 36.84 E GPS 5309 5309 49MR0505_2 P03 324 1 BUC 010706 0453 UN 24 15.42 N 135 36.73 E GPS 5314 5316 1,33 22.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 324 1 UNK 010706 0503 UN 24 15.27 N 135 36.58 E GPS 5322 5320 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 324 1 ROS 010706 0607 BO 24 14.98 N 135 36.17 E GPS 5326 5326 9 5367 5403 34 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 324 1 ROS 010706 0820 EN 24 14.33 N 135 34.96 E GPS 5329 5330 49MR0505_2 P03 326 1 ROS 010706 1116 BE 24 14.17 N 135 2.04 E GPS 5174 5175 49MR0505_2 P03 326 1 BUC 010706 1124 UN 24 14.19 N 135 1.88 E GPS 5167 5167 1,33 22.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 326 1 UNK 010706 1134 UN 24 14.25 N 135 1.79 E GPS 5172 5176 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 326 1 ROS 010706 1234 BO 24 14.30 N 135 1.37 E GPS 5171 5172 9 5200 5250 33 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 326 1 ROS 010706 1443 EN 24 14.35 N 135 0.61 E GPS 5169 5174 49MR0505_2 P03 328 1 ROS 010706 1728 BE 24 13.89 N 134 30.70 E GPS 5034 5038 49MR0505_2 P03 328 1 BUC 010706 1738 UN 24 13.91 N 134 30.68 E GPS 5040 5041 1 23.7C 49MR0505_2 P03 328 1 ROS 010706 1848 BO 24 13.42 N 134 30.90 E GPS 5021 5022 8 5076 5108 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 JELLYFISH IN PRI TC DUCT(UP CAST ABOVE 1200M) 49MR0505_2 P03 328 1 ROS 010706 2055 EN 24 12.34 N 134 30.22 E GPS 5032 5030 49MR0505_2 P03 329 1 ROS 010706 2347 BE 24 12.60 N 133 59.39 E GPS 4952 4951 49MR0505_2 P03 329 1 BUC 010706 2357 UN 24 12.53 N 133 59.37 E GPS 4949 4949 1,33 22.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 329 1 UNK 010806 0007 UN 24 12.54 N 133 59.35 E GPS 4951 4949 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 329 1 ROS 010806 0102 BO 24 12.42 N 133 59.12 E GPS 4948 4948 8 4957 5017 32 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 329 1 ROS 010806 0306 EN 24 12.13 N 133 58.38 E GPS 4947 4947 49MR0505_2 P03 331 1 ROS 010806 0628 BE 24 15.81 N 133 21.58 E GPS 4645 4646 49MR0505_2 P03 331 1 BUC 010806 0636 UN 24 15.66 N 133 21.53 E GPS 4641 4642 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 331 1 UNK 010806 0646 UN 24 15.58 N 133 21.45 E GPS 4640 4637 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 331 1 ROS 010806 0742 BO 24 15.33 N 133 21.01 E GPS 4642 4642 9 4700 4707 31 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 331 1 ROS 010806 0941 EN 24 14.60 N 133 20.52 E GPS 4640 4641 49MR0505_2 P03 333 1 ROS 010806 1219 BE 24 16.93 N 132 49.97 E GPS 4037 4038 49MR0505_2 P03 333 1 BUC 010806 1226 UN 24 16.99 N 132 49.80 E GPS 4042 4043 1,31,33 23.7C 49MR0505_2 P03 333 1 UNK 010806 1242 UN 24 17.17 N 132 49.61 E GPS 4042 4040 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 333 1 ROS 010806 1322 BO 24 17.38 N 132 49.35 E GPS 4047 4048 10 4097 4091 33 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,81 #2-5 FOR POM 49MR0505_2 P03 333 1 ROS 010806 1510 EN 24 18.18 N 132 48.54 E GPS 4001 4001 49MR0505_2 P03 335 1 ROS 011006 0958 BE 24 15.32 N 132 12.50 E GPS 3015 3013 49MR0505_2 P03 335 1 BUC 011006 1005 UN 24 15.56 N 132 12.36 E GPS 3073 3074 1,33 23.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 335 1 UNK 011006 1014 UN 24 15.71 N 132 12.38 E GPS 3133 3130 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 335 1 ROS 011006 1051 BO 24 16.22 N 132 12.42 E GPS 3220 3220 10 3256 3194 25 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 335 1 ROS 011006 1229 EN 24 17.31 N 132 12.66 E GPS 3340 3338 49MR0505_2 P03 337 1 ROS 011006 1457 BE 24 15.05 N 131 35.86 E GPS 2380 2378 49MR0505_2 P03 337 1 BUC 011006 1504 UN 24 15.09 N 131 35.89 E GPS 2379 2379 1 23.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 337 1 ROS 011006 1537 BO 24 15.22 N 131 35.77 E GPS 2381 2381 9 2385 2396 21 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 337 1 ROS 011006 1648 EN 24 15.36 N 131 35.27 E GPS 2375 2373 49MR0505_2 P03 339 1 ROS 011006 1918 BE 24 15.90 N 130 58.98 E GPS 3349 3351 49MR0505_2 P03 339 1 BUC 011006 1925 UN 24 16.01 N 130 58.88 E GPS 3370 3373 1,33 23.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 339 1 UNK 011006 1934 UN 24 16.09 N 130 58.75 E GPS 3358 3358 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 339 1 ROS 011006 2013 BO 24 16.25 N 130 58.14 E GPS 3489 3489 14 3486 3418 28 1-8,22,27 #2,3 FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 339 2 UNK 011006 2017 BE 24 16.23 N 130 58.08 E GPS 3496 3495 80L THROUGH HULL PUMP FOR R.N. 49MR0505_2 P03 339 2 UNK 011006 2035 EN 24 16.25 N 130 57.80 E GPS 3563 3565 49MR0505_2 P03 339 1 ROS 011006 2144 EN 24 16.61 N 130 57.62 E GPS 3485 3486 49MR0505_2 P03 341 1 ROS 011106 0048 BE 24 14.88 N 130 22.47 E GPS 4586 4569 49MR0505_2 P03 341 1 BUC 011106 0056 UN 24 14.95 N 130 22.43 E GPS 4605 4608 1 22.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 341 1 ROS 011106 0159 BO 24 15.37 N 130 22.21 E GPS 4479 4474 9 4577 4596 31 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 341 1 ROS 011106 0355 EN 24 16.31 N 130 21.89 E GPS 4617 4618 49MR0505_2 P03 343 1 ROS 011106 0654 BE 24 15.84 N 129 47.35 E GPS 4101 4101 49MR0505_2 P03 343 1 BUC 011106 0701 UN 24 15.89 N 129 47.25 E GPS 4089 4089 1,33 22.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 343 1 UNK 011106 0710 UN 24 15.94 N 129 47.22 E GPS 4078 4079 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 343 1 ROS 011106 0759 BO 24 16.23 N 129 47.11 E GPS 4156 4159 10 4118 4139 29 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 343 1 ROS 011106 0950 EN 24 16.90 N 129 46.62 E GPS 4192 4192 49MR0505_2 P03 345 1 ROS 011106 1220 BE 24 15.66 N 129 17.33 E GPS 4385 4387 49MR0505_2 P03 345 1 BUC 011106 1229 UN 24 15.78 N 129 17.36 E GPS 4356 4357 1,33 23.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 345 1 UNK 011106 1237 UN 24 15.87 N 129 17.32 E GPS 4358 4358 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 345 1 ROS 011106 1328 BO 24 16.31 N 129 17.42 E GPS 4335 4338 9 4412 4412 30 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 345 1 ROS 011106 1524 EN 24 17.33 N 129 17.52 E GPS 4269 4274 49MR0505_2 P03 347 1 ROS 011106 1731 BE 24 15.20 N 128 53.67 E GPS 5125 5125 49MR0505_2 P03 347 1 BUC 011106 1741 UN 24 15.29 N 128 53.69 E GPS 5129 5129 1 22.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 347 1 ROS 011106 1853 BO 24 15.98 N 128 53.75 E GPS 5169 5172 10 5225 5216 33 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 347 1 ROS 011106 2115 EN 24 17.17 N 128 53.90 E GPS 5146 5146 49MR0505_2 P03 349 1 ROS 011106 2357 BE 24 15.05 N 128 24.28 E GPS 5817 5818 49MR0505_2 P03 349 1 BUC 011206 0007 UN 24 15.16 N 128 24.33 E GPS 5819 5820 1,31,33,82 21.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 349 1 UNK 011206 0019 UN 24 15.27 N 128 24.37 E GPS 5817 5817 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 349 1 ROS 011206 0126 BO 24 15.52 N 128 24.46 E GPS 5838 5834 8 5835 5915 36 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,82 49MR0505_2 P03 349 1 ROS 011206 0352 EN 24 16.38 N 128 24.83 E GPS 5817 5819 49MR0505_2 P03 351 1 ROS 011206 0601 BE 24 33.10 N 128 13.64 E GPS 5960 5954 49MR0505_2 P03 351 1 BUC 011206 0612 UN 24 33.16 N 128 13.69 E GPS 5975 5977 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 351 1 UNK 011206 0620 UN 24 33.19 N 128 13.69 E GPS 5993 5993 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 351 1 ROS 011206 0734 BO 24 33.53 N 128 13.69 E GPS 5988 5988 9 6010 6082 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 351 1 ROS 011206 1012 EN 24 34.92 N 128 13.35 E GPS 6036 6036 49MR0505_2 567 1 UNK 011306 0057 UN 24 48.77 N 128 1.59 E GPS 6920 6920 RAIN SMPL (55MM/HR) 49MR0505_2 P03 369 1 ROS 011306 0755 BE 25 54.97 N 127 11.66 E GPS 94 95 49MR0505_2 P03 369 1 BUC 011306 0758 UN 25 55.04 N 127 11.65 E GPS 95 94 1,33 21.9C 49MR0505_2 P03 369 1 ROS 011306 0800 BO 25 55.13 N 127 11.64 E GPS 93 94 11 79 82 3 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 369 1 UNK 011306 0805 UN 25 55.22 N 127 11.66 E GPS 93 94 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 369 1 ROS 011306 0808 EN 25 55.26 N 127 11.68 E GPS 89 91 49MR0505_2 P03 367 1 ROS 011306 0956 BE 25 45.90 N 127 17.63 E GPS 1123 1123 49MR0505_2 P03 367 1 BUC 011306 1005 UN 25 45.79 N 127 17.57 E GPS 1124 1131 1,33 22.3C 49MR0505_2 P03 367 1 UNK 011306 1014 UN 25 45.73 N 127 17.45 E GPS 1174 1168 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 367 1 ROS 011306 1021 BO 25 45.65 N 127 17.45 E GPS 1191 1187 10 1158 1145 15 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 367 1 ROS 011306 1110 EN 25 45.25 N 127 16.88 E GPS 1281 1290 49MR0505_2 P03 365 1 ROS 011306 1245 BE 25 37.37 N 127 24.79 E GPS 2155 2153 49MR0505_2 P03 365 1 BUC 011306 1256 UN 25 37.32 N 127 24.66 E GPS 2149 2150 1,31,33 22.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 365 1 UNK 011306 1307 UN 25 37.30 N 127 24.57 E GPS 2139 2138 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 365 1 ROS 011306 1325 BO 25 37.20 N 127 24.46 E GPS 2138 2140 9 2151 2150 20 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33 49MR0505_2 P03 365 1 ROS 011306 1438 EN 25 37.10 N 127 24.25 E GPS 2132 2134 49MR0505_2 P03 363 1 ROS 011306 1638 BE 25 27.96 N 127 30.96 E GPS 2344 2343 49MR0505_2 P03 363 1 BUC 011306 1648 UN 25 27.99 N 127 30.78 E GPS 2343 2343 1 22.1C 49MR0505_2 P03 363 1 ROS 011306 1720 BO 25 27.93 N 127 30.72 E GPS 2343 2344 10 2340 2356 21 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 363 1 ROS 011306 1834 EN 25 27.95 N 127 30.22 E GPS 2470 2472 49MR0505_2 P03 361 1 ROS 011306 2009 BE 25 19.87 N 127 37.84 E GPS 2187 2184 49MR0505_2 P03 361 1 BUC 011306 2016 UN 25 19.96 N 127 37.71 E GPS 2171 2169 1,33 22.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 361 1 UNK 011306 2025 UN 25 20.02 N 127 37.57 E GPS 2139 2142 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 361 1 ROS 011306 2044 BO 25 20.09 N 127 37.44 E GPS 2176 2175 10 2143 2154 20 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 361 1 ROS 011306 2156 EN 25 20.32 N 127 36.83 E GPS 2186 2177 49MR0505_2 P03 359 1 ROS 011306 2357 BE 25 10.03 N 127 45.47 E GPS 3655 3647 49MR0505_2 P03 359 1 BUC 011406 0006 UN 25 10.16 N 127 45.36 E GPS 3632 3632 1 22.0C 49MR0505_2 P03 359 1 ROS 011406 0057 BO 25 10.50 N 127 45.34 E GPS 3643 3652 9 3674 3698 27 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 359 1 ROS 011406 0241 EN 25 10.98 N 127 45.51 E GPS 3645 3651 49MR0505_2 P03 357 1 ROS 011406 0417 BE 25 3.90 N 127 49.19 E GPS 5184 5182 49MR0505_2 P03 357 1 BUC 011406 0424 UN 25 3.85 N 127 49.20 E GPS 5189 5189 1,33 22.4C 49MR0505_2 P03 357 1 UNK 011406 0434 UN 25 3.82 N 127 49.15 E GPS 5193 5191 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 357 1 ROS 011406 0538 BO 25 3.50 N 127 48.98 E GPS 5228 5225 11 5214 5269 33 1-8,23,24,26,27 #17 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 P03 357 1 ROS 011406 0751 EN 25 2.37 N 127 48.35 E GPS 5245 5243 49MR0505_2 P03 355 1 ROS 011406 0958 BE 24 58.38 N 127 55.03 E GPS 6708 6713 49MR0505_2 P03 355 1 BUC 011406 1005 UN 24 58.35 N 127 54.99 E GPS 6703 6703 1,33 22.8C 49MR0505_2 P03 355 1 UNK 011406 1015 UN 24 58.33 N 127 54.94 E GPS 6677 6674 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 355 1 ROS 011406 1136 BO 24 58.10 N 127 54.14 E GPS 6571 6558 -9 6489 6502 36 1-8,27 49MR0505_2 P03 355 1 ROS 011406 1433 EN 24 58.29 N 127 52.45 E GPS 6283 6293 49MR0505_2 P03 353 1 ROS 011406 1609 BE 24 49.00 N 128 1.25 E GPS 6996 7006 49MR0505_2 P03 353 1 BUC 011406 1617 UN 24 49.11 N 128 1.13 E GPS 7053 7052 1,33 23.2C 49MR0505_2 P03 353 1 UNK 011406 1626 UN 24 49.20 N 128 1.07 E GPS 7111 7094 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 353 1 ROS 011406 1751 BO 24 49.87 N 128 0.92 E GPS 7412 7411 -9 6438 6501 36 1-8,23,24,26,27 49MR0505_2 P03 353 1 ROS 011406 2054 EN 24 51.54 N 128 0.68 E GPS 7303 7303 49MR0505_2 P03 351 2 ROS 011406 2309 BE 24 33.00 N 128 13.49 E GPS 5968 5969 49MR0505_2 P03 351 2 BUC 011406 2316 UN 24 33.05 N 128 13.52 E GPS 5948 5949 1,33 22.7C 49MR0505_2 P03 351 2 UNK 011406 2325 UN 24 33.08 N 128 13.51 E GPS 5972 5961 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_2 P03 351 2 ROS 011506 0038 BO 24 33.35 N 128 13.63 E GPS 5972 5972 11 5975 6062 35 1,2 #14 MISS FIRE, #21 MISS TRIP 49MR0505_2 P03 351 2 ROS 011506 0311 EN 24 33.88 N 128 13.88 E GPS 6031 6020 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Parameter 1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=Δ14C, 13=δ13C, 22=137CS, 23= Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 42= Abundance of bacteria, 64= Incubation, 81= Particulate organic matter, 82=15NO3 49MR0505_3.sum FILE _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P03 REV R/V MIRAI CRUISE MR0505 LEG 3 SHIP/CRS WOCE CAST UTC EVENT POSITION UNC COR HT ABOVE WIRE MAX NO. OF EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO TYPE DATE TIME CODE LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAV DEPTH DEPTH BOTTOM OUT PRESS BOTTLES PARAMETERS COMMENTS ---------- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ---------- ----------- --- ----- ------ ------ ---- ----- ------- --------------------------- -------------------------------------- 49MR0505_3 P03 370 1 ROS 012006 0650 BE 26 23.41 N 126 42.26 E GPS 406 406 49MR0505_3 P03 370 1 BUC 012006 0651 UN 26 23.40 N 126 42.26 E GPS 397 398 1,33,42 22.3C 49MR0505_3 P03 370 1 ROS 012006 0659 BO 26 23.31 N 126 42.22 E GPS 328 328 16 304 308 9 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 370 1 UNK 012006 0703 UN 26 23.27 N 126 42.20 E GPS 311 311 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 370 1 ROS 012006 0725 EN 26 23.03 N 126 42.10 E GPS 194 194 49MR0505_3 P03 372 1 ROS 012006 0831 BE 26 27.07 N 126 37.50 E GPS 1400 1402 49MR0505_3 P03 372 1 BUC 012006 0839 UN 26 27.04 N 126 37.53 E GPS 1387 1387 1,31,33,42 22.3C 49MR0505_3 P03 372 1 UNK 012006 0852 UN 26 27.03 N 126 37.55 E GPS 1371 1370 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 372 1 ROS 012006 0858 BO 26 27.02 N 126 37.54 E GPS 1366 1365 13 1369 1376 18 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 372 1 ROS 012006 1006 EN 26 26.81 N 126 37.58 E GPS 1324 1325 49MR0505_3 P03 374 1 ROS 012006 1205 BE 26 36.26 N 126 31.57 E GPS 1488 1489 49MR0505_3 P03 374 1 BUC 012006 1213 UN 26 36.21 N 126 31.53 E GPS 1488 1489 1,33,42 22.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 374 1 UNK 012006 1223 UN 26 36.17 N 126 31.47 E GPS 1491 1491 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 374 1 ROS 012006 1234 BO 26 36.29 N 126 31.34 E GPS 1516 1516 14 1509 1489 19 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 374 1 ROS 012006 1342 EN 26 36.73 N 126 30.46 E GPS 1513 1516 49MR0505_3 P03 376 1 ROS 012006 1519 BE 26 44.02 N 126 20.27 E GPS 1900 1903 49MR0505_3 P03 376 1 BUC 012006 1528 UN 26 44.07 N 126 20.13 E GPS 1912 1913 1,42 22.5C 49MR0505_3 P03 376 1 ROS 012006 1557 BO 26 44.38 N 126 19.77 E GPS 1910 1913 14 1946 1891 22 1-8,12,13,23,24,26,27,42 #17=#19 DUPL SMPLS (1800DB) 49MR0505_3 P03 376 1 ROS 012006 1718 EN 26 45.27 N 126 18.91 E GPS 1897 1897 49MR0505_3 P03 378 1 ROS 012006 1906 BE 26 53.17 N 126 11.44 E GPS 1536 1536 49MR0505_3 P03 378 1 BUC 012006 1914 UN 26 53.25 N 126 11.36 E GPS 1532 1533 1,33,42 22.7C 49MR0505_3 P03 378 1 UNK 012006 1927 UN 26 53.42 N 126 11.24 E GPS 1532 1532 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 378 1 ROS 012006 1935 BO 26 53.48 N 126 11.18 E GPS 1535 1535 10 1540 1530 19 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 378 1 ROS 012006 2044 EN 26 54.11 N 126 10.73 E GPS 1554 1553 49MR0505_3 P03 380 1 ROS 012006 2220 BE 26 57.86 N 126 5.07 E GPS 1417 1417 49MR0505_3 P03 380 1 BUC 012006 2229 UN 26 57.99 N 126 5.03 E GPS 1417 1417 1,42 23.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 380 1 ROS 012006 2248 BO 26 58.19 N 126 4.94 E GPS 1357 1356 10 1349 1353 19 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 #23 MISS TRIP, SEAWATER SAMPLE (#23) COLLECTED FROM #5 49MR0505_3 P03 380 1 ROS 012006 2356 EN 26 58.84 N 126 4.54 E GPS 977 977 49MR0505_3 P03 382 1 ROS 012106 0147 BE 27 4.27 N 125 58.71 E GPS 863 863 49MR0505_3 P03 382 1 BUC 012106 0156 UN 27 4.38 N 125 58.66 E GPS 853 853 1,31,33,42 22.6C 49MR0505_3 P03 382 1 ROS 012106 0206 BO 27 4.44 N 125 58.56 E GPS 837 836 11 835 838 18 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 #23=#25 DUPL SMPLS (800DB) 49MR0505_3 P03 382 1 UNK 012106 0211 UN 27 4.45 N 125 58.53 E GPS 829 830 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 382 1 ROS 012106 0251 EN 27 4.91 N 125 58.36 E GPS 780 780 49MR0505_3 P03 382 2 ROS 012106 2254 BE 27 4.34 N 125 58.63 E GPS 851 851 49MR0505_3 P03 382 2 BUC 012106 2303 UN 27 4.45 N 125 58.56 E GPS 838 838 1,33 23.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 382 2 UNK 012106 2312 UN 27 4.46 N 125 58.54 E GPS 829 829 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 382 2 ROS 012106 2315 BO 27 4.46 N 125 58.53 E GPS 829 829 12 819 826 15 1,2 49MR0505_3 P03 382 2 ROS 012206 0002 EN 27 4.68 N 125 58.27 E GPS 790 790 49MR0505_3 P03 384 1 ROS 012206 0052 BE 27 9.92 N 125 52.99 E GPS 307 307 49MR0505_3 P03 384 1 BUC 012206 0054 UN 27 9.91 N 125 52.98 E GPS 301 301 1,42 22.5C 49MR0505_3 P03 384 1 ROS 012206 0100 BO 27 9.90 N 125 52.96 E GPS 303 304 12 282 288 9 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 384 1 ROS 012206 0124 EN 27 9.86 N 125 52.89 E GPS 296 296 49MR0505_3 P03 385 1 ROS 012206 0239 BE 27 18.81 N 125 44.22 E GPS 145 145 49MR0505_3 P03 385 1 BUC 012206 0241 UN 27 18.81 N 125 44.22 E GPS 146 146 1,33,42 22.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 385 1 ROS 012206 0244 BO 27 18.85 N 125 44.24 E GPS 145 145 9 128 135 6 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 385 1 UNK 012206 0251 UN 27 18.93 N 125 44.25 E GPS 146 146 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 385 1 ROS 012206 0255 EN 27 18.99 N 125 44.26 E GPS 145 145 49MR0505_3 P03 386 1 ROS 012206 0403 BE 27 27.13 N 125 35.26 E GPS 124 124 49MR0505_3 P03 386 1 BUC 012206 0406 UN 27 27.17 N 125 35.27 E GPS 121 121 1,42 20.3C 49MR0505_3 P03 386 1 ROS 012206 0409 BO 27 27.21 N 125 35.28 E GPS 122 122 9 111 111 6 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 386 1 ROS 012206 0421 EN 27 27.41 N 125 35.28 E GPS 122 122 49MR0505_3 P03 387 1 ROS 012206 0537 BE 27 36.34 N 125 26.30 E GPS 117 117 49MR0505_3 P03 387 1 BUC 012206 0539 UN 27 36.35 N 125 26.29 E GPS 117 117 1,33,42 19.4C 49MR0505_3 P03 387 1 ROS 012206 0542 BO 27 36.36 N 125 26.27 E GPS 118 118 11 100 102 5 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 387 1 UNK 012206 0548 UN 27 36.39 N 125 26.26 E GPS 114 115 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 387 1 ROS 012206 0554 EN 27 36.40 N 125 26.25 E GPS 115 115 49MR0505_3 P03 388 1 ROS 012206 0727 BE 27 44.96 N 125 12.93 E GPS 111 111 49MR0505_3 P03 388 1 BUC 012206 0729 UN 27 44.96 N 125 12.93 E GPS 112 112 1,42 17.1C 49MR0505_3 P03 388 1 ROS 012206 0732 BO 27 44.96 N 125 12.92 E GPS 112 112 11 95 98 5 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 388 1 ROS 012206 0743 EN 27 44.94 N 125 12.89 E GPS 111 111 49MR0505_3 P03 389 1 ROS 012206 0949 BE 28 0.18 N 124 59.36 E GPS 102 103 49MR0505_3 P03 389 1 BUC 012206 0949 UN 28 0.18 N 124 59.36 E GPS 102 103 1,31,33,42 16.9C 49MR0505_3 P03 389 1 ROS 012206 0955 BO 28 0.11 N 124 59.32 E GPS 104 104 11 87 92 6 1-8,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 389 1 UNK 012206 1004 UN 28 0.06 N 124 59.27 E GPS 103 103 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 389 1 ROS 012206 1006 EN 28 0.06 N 124 59.27 E GPS 104 104 49MR0505_3 P03 390 1 ROS 012306 0429 BE 28 51.44 N 129 49.87 E GPS 215 215 49MR0505_3 P03 390 1 BUC 012306 0431 UN 28 51.44 N 129 49.85 E GPS 215 215 1,31,33,42 20.6C 49MR0505_3 P03 390 1 UNK 012306 0432 UN 28 51.44 N 129 49.84 E GPS 213 213 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 390 1 ROS 012306 0435 BO 28 51.41 N 129 49.83 E GPS 215 215 10 200 201 7 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 390 1 ROS 012306 0450 EN 28 51.30 N 129 49.79 E GPS 207 207 49MR0505_3 P03 392 1 ROS 012306 0606 BE 29 0.43 N 129 54.47 E GPS 654 654 49MR0505_3 P03 392 1 BUC 012306 0613 UN 29 0.32 N 129 54.49 E GPS 660 660 1,42 20.7C 49MR0505_3 P03 392 1 ROS 012306 0623 BO 29 0.26 N 129 54.49 E GPS 664 664 9 676 659 13 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 392 1 ROS 012306 0656 EN 29 0.01 N 129 54.64 E GPS 671 671 49MR0505_3 P03 394 1 ROS 012306 0830 BE 29 6.77 N 129 57.62 E GPS 1198 1198 49MR0505_3 P03 394 1 BUC 012306 0838 UN 29 6.65 N 129 57.70 E GPS 1167 1168 1,33,42 21.0C 49MR0505_3 P03 394 1 UNK 012306 0849 UN 29 6.49 N 129 57.86 E GPS 1148 1148 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 394 1 ROS 012306 0857 BO 29 6.45 N 129 57.93 E GPS 1134 1135 10 1143 1143 17 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 394 1 ROS 012306 0946 EN 29 5.76 N 129 58.50 E GPS 1026 1027 49MR0505_3 P03 396 1 ROS 012306 1148 BE 29 17.98 N 130 2.78 E GPS 1186 1186 49MR0505_3 P03 396 1 BUC 012306 1156 UN 29 17.88 N 130 2.77 E GPS 1188 1187 1,31,33,42 20.8C 49MR0505_3 P03 396 1 UNK 012306 1207 UN 29 17.71 N 130 2.77 E GPS 1199 1198 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 396 1 ROS 012306 1211 BO 29 17.67 N 130 2.77 E GPS 1204 1199 9 1182 1182 20 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 396 1 ROS 012306 1305 EN 29 17.04 N 130 2.69 E GPS 1214 1214 49MR0505_3 P03 398 1 ROS 012306 1506 BE 29 24.97 N 130 7.35 E GPS 424 424 49MR0505_3 P03 398 1 BUC 012306 1511 UN 29 25.00 N 130 7.38 E GPS 425 425 1,42 20.8C 49MR0505_3 P03 398 1 ROS 012306 1519 BO 29 24.97 N 130 7.43 E GPS 425 425 10 413 415 10 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 398 1 ROS 012306 1541 EN 29 24.93 N 130 7.60 E GPS 419 418 49MR0505_3 P03 400 1 ROS 012306 1718 BE 29 35.23 N 130 11.22 E GPS 484 484 49MR0505_3 P03 400 1 BUC 012306 1721 UN 29 35.21 N 130 11.30 E GPS 482 482 1,33,42 20.9C 49MR0505_3 P03 400 1 ROS 012306 1730 BO 29 35.19 N 130 11.47 E GPS 484 484 13 468 472 11 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 400 1 UNK 012306 1732 UN 29 35.17 N 130 11.49 E GPS 485 484 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 400 1 ROS 012306 1758 EN 29 34.98 N 130 11.89 E GPS 486 487 49MR0505_3 P03 402 1 ROS 012306 1930 BE 29 44.63 N 130 16.52 E GPS 307 307 49MR0505_3 P03 402 1 BUC 012306 1934 UN 29 44.59 N 130 16.52 E GPS 304 304 1,31,33,42 20.4C 49MR0505_3 P03 402 1 ROS 012306 1938 BO 29 44.55 N 130 16.52 E GPS 304 304 10 291 296 9 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 402 1 UNK 012306 1946 UN 29 44.48 N 130 16.53 E GPS 307 307 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 402 1 ROS 012306 2000 EN 29 44.35 N 130 16.57 E GPS 310 310 49MR0505_3 P03 404 1 ROS 012306 2129 BE 29 56.77 N 130 22.55 E GPS 417 417 49MR0505_3 P03 404 1 BUC 012306 2130 UN 29 56.76 N 130 22.55 E GPS 418 418 1,42 20.3C 49MR0505_3 P03 404 1 ROS 012306 2140 BO 29 56.63 N 130 22.59 E GPS 417 416 9 406 405 10 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 404 1 ROS 012306 2205 EN 29 56.23 N 130 22.71 E GPS 401 401 49MR0505_3 P03 406 1 ROS 012306 2335 BE 30 1.86 N 130 24.71 E GPS 408 410 49MR0505_3 P03 406 1 BUC 012306 2337 UN 30 1.84 N 130 24.72 E GPS 416 417 1,33,42 20.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 406 1 ROS 012306 2345 BO 30 1.72 N 130 24.78 E GPS 415 415 11 406 407 10 1-8,23,24,26,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 406 1 UNK 012306 2349 UN 30 1.67 N 130 24.80 E GPS 423 423 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 406 1 ROS 012406 0009 EN 30 1.33 N 130 24.91 E GPS 421 421 49MR0505_3 P03 408 1 ROS 012406 0140 BE 30 6.89 N 130 28.16 E GPS 239 239 49MR0505_3 P03 408 1 BUC 012406 0142 UN 30 6.85 N 130 28.18 E GPS 238 238 1,31,33,42 20.0C 49MR0505_3 P03 408 1 ROS 012406 0147 BO 30 6.79 N 130 28.23 E GPS 241 241 10 226 229 10 1-8,23,24,26,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 408 1 UNK 012406 0154 UN 30 6.72 N 130 28.25 E GPS 242 242 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 408 1 ROS 012406 0203 EN 30 6.63 N 130 28.27 E GPS 246 246 49MR0505_3 P03 TS7 1 ROS 012506 1859 BE 34 25.46 N 130 43.74 E GPS 100 100 49MR0505_3 P03 TS7 1 UNK 012506 1900 UN 34 25.45 N 130 43.74 E GPS 101 101 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 TS7 1 BUC 012506 1902 UN 34 25.43 N 130 43.71 E GPS 100 100 1,31,33,42 14.3C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS7 1 ROS 012506 1905 BO 34 25.39 N 130 43.68 E GPS 102 101 10 84 86 6 1-8,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 TS7 1 ROS 012506 1915 EN 34 25.22 N 130 43.61 E GPS 96 95 49MR0505_3 P03 TS6 1 ROS 012506 2029 BE 34 30.23 N 130 38.85 E GPS 121 121 49MR0505_3 P03 TS6 1 BUC 012506 2030 UN 34 30.23 N 130 38.84 E GPS 121 121 1,42 14.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS6 1 ROS 012506 2035 BO 34 30.17 N 130 38.83 E GPS 119 119 10 105 108 5 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 TS6 1 ROS 012506 2045 EN 34 30.07 N 130 38.72 E GPS 121 120 49MR0505_3 P03 TS5 1 BUC 012506 2216 UN 34 39.84 N 130 26.12 E GPS 134 134 1,33,42 14.6C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS5 1 ROS 012506 2216 BE 34 39.84 N 130 26.11 E GPS 133 134 49MR0505_3 P03 TS5 1 UNK 012506 2218 UN 34 39.83 N 130 26.08 E GPS 133 133 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 TS5 1 ROS 012506 2222 BO 34 39.81 N 130 26.02 E GPS 133 133 11 117 119 5 1-8,27,42 49MR0505_3 P03 TS5 1 ROS 012506 2234 EN 34 39.77 N 130 25.96 E GPS 133 133 49MR0505_3 P03 TS4 1 ROS 012606 0000 BE 34 50.05 N 130 11.83 E GPS 126 126 49MR0505_3 P03 TS4 1 BUC 012606 0003 UN 34 50.04 N 130 11.82 E GPS 126 126 1,31,33,42 14.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS4 1 UNK 012606 0004 UN 34 50.04 N 130 11.82 E GPS 126 126 AIR CH4 & N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 TS4 1 ROS 012606 0006 BO 34 50.04 N 130 11.82 E GPS 126 126 10 111 113 6 1-8,27,31,33,42,81 49MR0505_3 P03 TS4 1 ROS 012606 0017 EN 34 50.01 N 130 11.80 E GPS 126 126 49MR0505_3 P03 TS3 1 ROS 012606 0144 BE 35 0.55 N 129 58.65 E GPS 134 134 49MR0505_3 P03 TS3 1 BUC 012606 0146 UN 35 0.55 N 129 58.67 E GPS 135 135 1,33 14.0C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS3 1 UNK 012606 0148 UN 35 0.55 N 129 58.67 E GPS 133 133 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 TS3 1 ROS 012606 0149 BO 35 0.55 N 129 58.68 E GPS 135 135 10 121 124 5 1-8,27 49MR0505_3 P03 TS3 1 ROS 012606 0201 EN 35 0.54 N 129 58.74 E GPS 134 134 49MR0505_3 P03 TS2 1 ROS 012606 0335 BE 35 11.74 N 129 44.03 E GPS 141 141 49MR0505_3 P03 TS2 1 BUC 012606 0337 UN 35 11.72 N 129 44.01 E GPS 142 142 1 13.8C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS2 1 ROS 012606 0341 BO 35 11.68 N 129 43.97 E GPS 142 142 10 129 130 6 1-8,27 49MR0505_3 P03 TS2 1 ROS 012606 0351 EN 35 11.61 N 129 43.89 E GPS 143 143 49MR0505_3 P03 TS1 1 ROS 012606 0457 BE 35 16.21 N 129 39.00 E GPS 146 146 49MR0505_3 P03 TS1 1 BUC 012606 0500 UN 35 16.21 N 129 39.00 E GPS 148 148 1,31,33 14.2C 49MR0505_3 P03 TS1 1 UNK 012606 0501 UN 35 16.22 N 129 39.00 E GPS 146 146 AIR N2O SMPL 49MR0505_3 P03 TS1 1 ROS 012606 0504 BO 35 16.22 N 129 39.03 E GPS 144 144 10 132 135 7 1-8,27,31,33,81 49MR0505_3 P03 TS1 1 ROS 012606 0516 EN 35 16.29 N 129 39.06 E GPS 147 147 49MR0505_3 568 1 XCT 012706 0955 DE 37 18.81 N 133 47.52 E GPS 1670 1672 49MR0505_3 569 1 UNK 012806 0825 BE 39 13.68 N 138 29.13 E GPS 988 988 FIGURE-OF-EIGHT SAILING FOR MAGNETOMETER 49MR0505_3 569 1 UNK 012806 0850 EN 39 14.42 N 138 29.28 E GPS 990 990 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Parameter 1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=PHOSPHATE, 7=CFC-11, 8=CFC-12, 12=∆^(14)C, 13=δ^(13)C, 22=137CS, 23= Total carbon, 24=Alkalinity, 26=PH, 27=CFC-113, 31= CH4, 33=N2O, 42= Abundance of bacteria, 64= Incubation, 81= Particulate organic matter, 82=^(15)NO3 FIGURE CAPTIONS Figure 1: Station locations for WHP P03 cruise with bottom topography based on Smith and Sandwell (1997). Figure 2: Bathymetry measured by Multi Narrow Beam Echo Sounding system. Cross mark indicates CTD location. Figure 3: Surface wind measured at 25 m above sea level. Wind data is averaged over 1-hour and plotted every 0.5 degree in latitude. Figure 4: Sea surface temperature (SST). Temperature data is averaged over 1- hour. Figure 5: Sea surface salinity (SSS). Salinity data is averaged over l-hour. Figure 6: Difference in the partial pressure of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere, ∆pCO2. Figure 7: Surface current at 100 m depth measured by shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Figure 8: Potential temperature (°C) cross section calculated by using CTD temperature and salinity data calibrated by bottle salinity measurements. Vertical exaggeration of the 0-6, 500 m section is 1,000:1. Expanded section of the upper 1,000 m is made with a vertical exaggeration of 2,500:1. Figure 9: CTD salinity (psu) cross section calibrated by bottle salinity measurements. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 10: Same as Figure 9 but with SSW batch correction. Figure 11: Density (σ0) (kg/m3) cross section calculated using CTD temperature and calibrated salinity data with SSW batch correction. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 12: Same as Figure 11 but for σ4 (kg/m3). Figure 13: Neutral density (γ n) (kg/m3) cross section calculated using CTD temperature and calibrated salinity data with SSW batch correction. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 14: Cross section of bottle sampled dissolved oxygen (µmol/kg). Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 15: Silicate (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 16: Nitrate (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration of the upper 1,000 m section is same as Figure 8. Figure 17: Nitrite (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 18: Phosphate (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 19: Dissolved inorganic carbon (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 20: Total alkalinity (µmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 21: pH cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 22: CFC-ll (pmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 23: CFC-12 (pmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 24: CFC-1l3 (pmol/kg) cross section. Data with quality flags of 2 were plotted. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 25: Cross section of current velocity (cm/s) normal to the cruise track measured by LADep (northward is positive). Figure 26: Difference in potential temperature (°C) between results from WOCE (from Oct. to Nov., 1993) and the revisit cruise (from May to Jul., 2005). Red and blue areas show the areas where potential temperature increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively. On white areas differences in temperature do not exceed the detection limit of 0.002°C. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 27: Difference in salinity (psu) between results from WOCE and the revisit cruise. Red and blue areas show the areas where salinity increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively. CTD salinity data with SSW batch correction are used. On white areas differences in salinity do not exceed the detection limit of 0.002 psu. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. Figure 28: Difference in dissolved oxygen (µmol/kg) between results from WOCE and the revisit cruise. Red and blue areas show the areas where salinity increased and decreased in the revisit cruise, respectively. CTD oxygen data are used. On white areas differences in salinity do not exceed the detection limit of 2 µmol/kg. Vertical exaggeration is same as Figure 8. NOTE 1. As for the traceability of SSW to Mantyla's value, the offset for the batches P96 (WOCE P03), and P145 (Revisit) is +0.0013 and -0.0021, respectively (The newest values, Kawano et aI., in preparation). REFERENCES Jackett, D. R. and R. J. McDougall (1997): A neutral density variable for the world's oceans, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27, 237-263. Smith, W H. F. and D. T. Sandwell (1997): Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277,1956-1962. CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES Date Contact Data Type Action -------- ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------- 01/16/08 Kappa CTD/BTL/SUM woce & exchange format I downloaded all the ctd, btl & sum files in woce and exchange format from the CDIAC site and burned them to a CD, which I just put on your desk. LADCP data, which I didn't download, are also available