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CRUISE REPORT: HLY0201
(Updated MAR 2012)
HIGHLIGHTS
CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION
Section Designation HLY0201
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes) 32H120020505
Chief Scientists J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper
Dates 2002 May 5 to 2002 June 15
Ship R/V Healy
Ports of call Nome, Alaska
73° 45.64' N
Geographic Boundaries 169° 7.66' W 153° 53.91' W
64° 59.01' N
Stations 40
Floats and drifters deployed 0
Moorings deployed or recovered 0
Recent Contact Information:
Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Assistant Professor • Evolutionary Bioinformatics
569 Dabney Hall • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37996-1610
Phone: (865) 974-2925 • Lab: (865)974-6453 • Fax: (865) 974-3067
Email: jgrebmei@utk.edu
Lee W. Cooper
Research Professor and Project Director • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
10515 Research Dr, Suite 100 • University of Tennessee • Knoxville, TN 37932
Phone: (865) 974-2990 • Fax: (865) 974-7896 • Email: lcooper1@utk.edu
HLY-02-01 SERVICE GROUP BOTTLE DATA DOCUMENTATION
5 May to 15 June 2002
Nome, Alaska to Nome, Alaska
Dr. Louis Codispoti, (on board PI)
Horn Point Laboratory
PO Box 775
2020 Horn Pt. Rd.
Cambridge, MD 21613
410.221.8479 phone
codispot@hpl.umces.edu
Dr. James Swift (PI)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Oceanographic Data Facility
9500 Gilman Rd. MC 0214
La Jolla, CA 92093-0214
858.534.3387 phone
jswift@ucsd.edu
On board team: Kristin Sanborn, Dean Stockwell, Robert Palomares,
Doug Masten, Charlie Flagg, Erik Haberkern and Bob Williams
Funded by National Science Foundation OPPO 125399
INSTRUMENTATION
CTD casts were performed with a rosette system consisting of a 12-place
rosette frame with 30 liter Niskin-type bottles equipped with internal
plastic coated springs and a 24-place SBE-32 Carousel pylon. To minimize
toxicity the bottles were equipped with silicone 0-rings.
Underwater electronic components consisted of a
• Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 9llplus CTD,
• WetLabs C-Star transmissometer with a 25cm pathlength and 660nm
wavelength,
• Biospherical Instruments, Inc. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)
sensor,
• Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka fluorometer, and
• Simrad, 5 volt - 500 meters altimeter. Additionally, a Dr. Haardt
fluorometer (CDOM), a Secchi disk and occasionally a Video Plankton
Recorder (VPR) were mounted on the CTD package. The CTD and
transmissometer were mounted horizontally along the bottom of the
rosette frame. The PAR sensor was located at the top of the rosette. All
sensors except the Secchi disk and the VPR were interfaced with the CTD,
and the data from these instruments were incorporated into the CTD data
stream. This instrument package provided pressure, dual temperature and
conductivity channels as well as light transmissivity, at a sample rate
of 24 scans per second.
The rosette system was suspended from a standard UNOLS 3 conductor 0.322"
electromechanical cable. Before deployment of the CTD, the cell was
flushed with a brine solution to ensure that the sensors did not freeze
when the CTD was taken from the heated room where it was stored between
stations.
The CTD used was serial number 09P12613-0474 and this instrument's sensor
serial numbers are
listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1. Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers
Primary Primary Secondary Secondary
Temperature Conductivity Temperature Conductivity Pressure Transmissometer
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -------- ---------------
SBE 3plus SBE 4C SBE 3plus SBE 4C 401K-105 C-Star
03-2166 04-2319 03-2324 04-2113 69008 CST-479DR
Oxygen Fluorometer PAR
------ ----------- --------
SBE 43 Aqua 3 QSP-2300
0060 88191 4644
The distance of the mid-points of the 30 L Niskin bottles from the
bottom-mounted sensors was '-4m. The PAR sensor was 0.6 m above the
mid-point of the Niskin bottles, and the Secchi disk which is mounted on
a rod was 0.8 m above the mid-point of the 30 L Niskin bottles. The
distance between the PAR sensor and the bottom mounted sensors was -1.7
m. The 30 Liter Niskin bottles are l.0 m long.
On 29 May, before Station 018 Cast 04, a mishap damaged three of the
SIO/STS/ODF 30 liter bottles. These were replaced with the USCG Ocean
Test Equipment bottles. In most respects, the replacement bottles were
similar to the General Oceanics bottles except they were equipped with
external stainless steel springs instead of internal coated springs.
Because of geometric considerations, the arrangement of the original
bottles had to be changed. The bottles were renumbered using the
tripping order sequence as the bottle number. Bottles 10 and 11 were
damaged and replaced by bottles 4 and 5. Ocean Test Equipment bottles
were placed in the slots that 4 and 5 had occupied.
After a few casts, the external springs on the Ocean Test Equipment
bottles were replaced with SIO/STS/ODF internal springs.
Before Station 032, Cast 02, bottle 1 was replaced with an Ocean
Test Equipment bottle. An internal spring was used on this bottle.
CTD DATA
CTD Laboratory Calibration Procedures
Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of CTD pressure, temperature and
conductivity sensors were used to generate coefficients for the
calculation of these parameters from their respective sensor frequencies.
The conductivity calibrations were performed at Sea-Bird Electronics,
Inc. in Bellevue, Washington. Calibration of the pressure and temperature
sensors was performed by
Shipboard Technical Support/Oceanographic Data Facility (STS/ODF)
personnel. These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to
the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).
CTD Data Acquisition
The CTD 91 iplus was operated generally as suggested in the Sea-Bird CTD
Operating and Repair Manual, which contains a description of the system,
its operation and functions (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2002). One
difference from Sea-Bird's operation is that data acquisition was
started on deck. This procedure allows a check of the pressure offset
and an unblocked reading of the transmissometer. The Seasoft acquisition
program as described in the CTD Data Acquisition Software Manual
(Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 2001) provided a real-time graphical display
of selected parameters adequate to monitor CTD performance and
information for the selection of bottle-tripping depths. Raw data from
the CTD were archived on the PC's hard disk at the full 24 Hz sampling
rate. The CTD data acquisition system (the deck unit, and a PC running
Sea-Bird's Seasoft software) were prepared by the console operator prior
to each station.
A CTD Station Sheet form was filled in for each deployment, providing a
record of times, positions, bottom depth, bottle sampling depths, and
every attempt to trip a bottle, as well as any pertinent comments. Bottom
depths were logged in uncorrected meters (assuming a sound velocity of
1500 mlsec) from the ship's Bathy 2000, or if not operational then from
the SeaBeam system. When the equipment and personnel were ready, data
acquisition was started. The CTD operator pressed a control key (flag),
which appends a summary line into one of the two files created for
"inventory"files. This file contains a summary of the time, ship's
position, and current scan number each time the control key is pressed.
It is used as a reference to mark important events during the cast, such
as on deck pressure, when the lowering was initiated, when the package
was at the bottom, and on-deck pressure with ending position. After the
initial flag, the rosette/CTD system was lowered into the water and held
at or near the surface until the CTD pumps activated and a notation was
made to this affect. The CTD was allowed to equilibrate for a period of
time. Then, the operator again created a flag and simultaneously directed
the winch operator to begin lowering. The rosette was lowered to within a
few meters of the bottom on most casts using the altimeter to determine
distance above the bottom. The operator created a flag at the deepest
point of the cast.
The console operator and a member of the scientific party monitored the
CTD data during the downcast via graphics windows on the display, and
decided where to trip bottles on the up-cast or the bottles were tripped
at standard predetermined depth. The depth of each bottle trip was
written on the station log and flagged in the data file. The performance
of all sensors was monitored during the cast. After the rosette
recovery, the operator created a final flag denoting the end of the
cast. The console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned
off the CTD power. Any faulty equipment or exceptionally noisy data was
noted by the operator on the log sheet.
CTD Data Processing
Pressure
CTD values determined on deck before and after each cast were compared
to determine a pressure offset correction. The comparison suggested no
pressure offset needed to be applied to the data.
Temperature
The temperature sensor was calibrated just before the expedition. The
temperature sensors were monitored during the expedition and found to
have a good agreement with one another. It appears that no additional
corrections need to be applied to the data. A post-cruise calibration
will be performed and if those results find that both of the sensors
drifted by the same amount, the data will be reprocessed.
Conductivity
Corrected CTD pressure and temperature values were used with bottle
salinities to back-calculate bottle conductivities. Comparison of these
bottle values with the CTD primary conductivity values indicated an
offset correction needed to be applied to the CTD data. On stations 000
to 021, 0.00009 mS/cm was added from Station 022 till the end of the leg
0.00037 was added to the conductivity data.
Transmissometer
A WetLab calibrated Transmissometer was utilized throughout the cruise.
An on deck calibration check was performed and it was found there was
little degradation from the last calibration.
Oxygen, Fluorometer, and PAR
The CTD oxygen data are only intended for qualitative use. Similarly,
the fluorometric and PAR data are not calibrated.
CTD Data Processing
The Sea-Bird Seasoft CTD processing software was employed in the
processing routine. The software consists of a number of programs that
perform various functions, and may be combined to provide a
semi-automated batch processing system. A more complete description may
be found in the Sea-Bird Software Manual which is available from the
Sea-Bird website (www.seabird. com). The sequence of programs that were
run in the processing of this cruise are as follows:
• DA TCNV - Converts data from raw frequencies and voltages to
corrected engineering units
• WILDEDIT - Eliminates large spikes
• CELL TM - Applies conductivity cell thermal mass correction
• FILTER - A low pass filter to smooth pressure for LOOPEDIT
• LOOPEDIT - Marks scans where velocity is less than selected value to
avoid pressure reversals from ship roll, or during bottle flushing.
• DERIVE - Computes calculated parameters
• BINA VG - Average data into desired pressure bins
The quality control steps included:
• Sensor verification After the CTD was set up and sensor serial
numbers and sensor location was entered into the computer, another
check was made of the CTD to verify that there were no tabulation
errors in the setup.
• Seasofi Configuration File was reviewed to verify that individual
sensors were represented correctly, with the correct coefficients.
• Temperature was verified by comparison of the primary sensor data
versus that from the secondary sensor.
• Conductivity was checked by comparison of the two sensors with each
other and with bottle salinity samples.
• Position Check A chart of the ship's track was produced and
reviewed for any serious problems. The positions were acquired from
the ship's Trimble P-code navigation system.
• Visual Check Plots of each usable cast were produced and
reviewed for any noise and spikes that may have been missed by
the processing programs.
• The density profile was checked for inversions that might have
been produced by sensor noise or response mismatches. Additional
Sea-Bird programs were run on all or some stations to maximize
the data quality:
• WFILTER - Provides a median filter for data smoothing of.CNV files
• WFILTER was employed on selected stations where there were spikes in
the data,specifically in the transmissometer data. This program was
run after WILDEDIT
There were several modulo word errors at the beginning of the expedition.
The ship personnel had reported problems with the CTD just days before
the expedition. Once onboard, a check of all connections and cables was
performed. It was found that a shielding around the winch motor
eliminated the spiking and most of the noise in the CTD signal.
Appendix A is a tabulation of the stations sampled. There are separate
columns for the maximum sampling depth of the bottle data and the CTD data.
Bottom depths, distance above the bottom, as well as miscellaneous notes
are included in this tabulation. The bottom depth was calculated by combining
the distance above bottom, reported by the altimeter, and the maximum depth
of the CTD package. If there was no altimeter reading, in instances where the
package was 500 meters or more off the bottom, then the bottom depth is
reported from the depth recorder (uncorrected) via the Bathy 2000 or SeaBeam.
The CTD down trace is being reported: If there was a problem with the down
trace, the up trace was reported and a notation was made in the comments file.
The CTD data can be obtained via the NCAR/Earth Observing Laboratory (formerly
JOSS [Joint Office for Science Support/UCAR]) web-site,
www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi. The data are reported using the WHP-Exchange
format. The format can be obtained through the WOCE Hydrographic Program web-
site, WHPO.ucsd.edu. Additional ascii files were created with comments recorded
on the CTD Station Logs during data acquisition. These ascii files also include
data processing comments noting any problems, the resolution, and footnoting
that may have occurred. These comment files are also in the JOSS/EOL database.
CTD Data Footnoting
WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDTMP (CTD
temperature) and CTDSAL (CTD salinity) parameters as follows:
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the bottle data,
or there was a CTD conductivity calibration shift during the up-cast.
4 Bad measurement. The CTD up-cast data were determined to be
unusable for calculating a salinity.
7 Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or
offset.
WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2)
parameter as follows:
1 Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement.
4 Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable for
calculating a dissolved oxygen concentration.
5 Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when
CTD salinity is coded 3 or 4.
7 Despiked. The CTD data have been filtered to eliminate a spike or
offset.
9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast.
Either the sensor cover was left on or the depth rating
necessitated removal
Data Comments
Fine structure that may appear in the upper 10 m of our profiles may be
caused by ship discharges/turbulence. To minimize this problem, engine
cooling water discharges were restricted to the port side of the Healy
starting with Station 002. At about this time, a procedure was adopted
in order to induce bottle flushing under the prevailing quiescent
conditions. The winch operator was instructed to "yo yo" bottles before
the CTD operator tripped the bottle for most casts. In addition, the
bottle was kept at depth for 1 minute before tripping. On productivity
casts keyed to light depths that often were closely spaced, the "yo yo"
procedure was replaced by keeping the bottle at depth longer than 1
minute.
Bottle Data
Note: All salinity, nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected by
the service team have gone through several stages of editing and are
not likely to change significantly. The chlorophyll observations
that we report are, however, preliminary and will undergo
post-cruise editing.
Bottle Sampling
There were six generic types of casts performed with differing
sampling protocols. Generally speaking, the sampling during these
casts were as follows, but there is some cast to cast variation.
• Hydrographic
o Oxygen,
o Total C02,
• Total Alkalinity,
o Nutrients
o Chlorophyll
o Salinity
o 0181016
o Dissolved Organic Carbon
o Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
o Particulate Organic Matter
o Benthic
o Stable Isotopes
o PB210
o Iodine
o Cesium
• Productivity
o Oxygen and/or Oxygen Respiration
o Productivity
o Nutrients
o Chlorophyll
o HPLC
o Bacteria
o Micro Zooplankton
o Bio-Optics
• Bio-Mark(ers)
o Dissolved Organic Matter
o Lignin
o Zooplankton
• Radium
o Nutrients
o Radium
• Zooplankton
o Nutrients
o Zooplankton
• CTD
o No samples
The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette
bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for
the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions
noted about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was
designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this
log and insure that sampling progressed in the proper drawing order.
Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before the air
vent on the bottle, to check for air leaks. This observation together
with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", "valve
left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample integrity
were routinely noted on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also
involved taking the sample draw temperature from the bottle. The
temperature was noted on the sample log.
Bottle Data Processing
After the samples were drawn and analyzed, the next stage of
processing involved merging the different data streams into a common
file. The rosette cast and bottle numbers were the primary
identification for all ODF-analyzed samples taken from the bottle, and
were used to merge the analytical results with the CTD data associated
with the bottle.
Diagnostic comments from the sample log, and notes from analysts and/or
bottle data processors were entered into a computer file associated with
each station (the "quality" file) as part of the quality control
procedure. Sample data from bottles suspected of leaking were checked to
see if the properties were consistent with the profile for the cast, with
adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data. Various
property-property plots and vertical sections were examined as well as the
tabular data for both consistency within a cast and consistency with
adjacent stations by data processors, who advised analysts of possible
errors or irregularities, bottles that did not "fire" correctly
("mis-trips"), etc. The analysts reviewed and sometimes revised their data
as additional calibration or diagnostic results became available. Further
post-cruise QA/QC checking of the data were conducted, and additional
bottle data quality notes are presented in the ADDENDUM to this document.
Based on the outcome of investigations of the various comments in the
quality files, WHP water sample quality codes were selected to indicate
the reliability of the individual parameters affected by the comments
(see below). WHP bottle codes were assigned where evidence showed the
entire bottle was affected, as in the case of a leak, or a bottle trip at
other than the intended depth. Raw (unprocessed) CTD data are located in
the EOL database as well. The file hlyO2Ol_ctd_raw.zip contains
ssscc.cfg, ssscc.con, ssscc.dat and ssscc.hdr (where sss = station number
and cc = cast number) files as acquired by the SeaBird SeaSave
acquisition program, sbscan.sum file and calibration information for all
sensors. The *.cfg file is datcnv.cfg with the beginning scan number and
*.con files may include a correction based on the bottle salinity
samples. The sbscan.sum file is a list of stations and beginning scan
number. Configuration files for the various SeaBird CTD processing
programs are also included where applicable.
Bottle Data Footnoting
WHP water bottle quality codes were assigned as defined in the WOCE
Operations Manual [Joyce] with the following additional interpretations:
2 No problems noted.
3 Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect
on a sample is identified by a code of 3 on the bottle and a code
of 4 on the oxygen. (Small air leaks may have no observable effect,
or may only affect gas samples.)
4 Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the
intended depth were assigned a code of 4. There may be no
problems with the associated water sample data.
5 Not reported. No water sample data reported. This is a
representative level derived from the CTD data for reporting
purposes. The sample number should be in the range of 80-99.
9 The samples were not drawn from this bottle.
WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria:
1 The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle,
but the results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station
profile or adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data
comparisons). No notes from the analyst indicateda problem. The
data could be acceptable, but are open to interpretation.
4 Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile,
adjacent stations or CTD data. There were analytical notes
indicating a problem, but data values were reported.
Sampling and analytical errors were also coded as 4.
5 Not reported. There should always be a reason associated with a
code of 5,usually that the sample was lost, contaminated or
rendered unusable.
9 The sample for this measurement was not drawn.
Not all of the quality codes are necessarily used on this data set.
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURES
All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the
rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval
at the time the bottle was closed on the rosette and then applying the
appropriate corrections and offsets that were outlined earlier.
The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of
1990.
SALINITY
Equipment and Techniques
Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate
bottles, which were rinsed three times with sample prior to filling. The
bottles were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene
screw caps This container provides very low container dissolution and
sample evaporation.
A Guildline Autosal 8400A #57-526, standardized with IAPSO Standard
Seawater (SSW) batch P140, was used to measure the salinities. Prior to
the analyses, the samples were stored to permit equilibration to
laboratory temperature, usually 8-20 hours. The salinometer had been
modified by ODF and contained an interface for computer-aided
measurement. A computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control functions
(changing sample, flushing) and logged results. The salinometer was
standardized with a fresh vial of standard seawater at the beginning and
end of the run. The SSW vial at the end of the run was used as an unknown
to check for drift. The salinometer cell was flushed until two successive
readings met software criteria for consistency; these were then averaged
for a final result.
PSS-78 salinity was calculated for each sample from the measured
conductivity ratios. The difference (if any) between the initial vial of
standard water and one run at the end as an unknown was applied linearly
to the data to account for any drift. The data were added to the cruise
database. 429 salinity measurements were made and 34 vials of standard
water were used. The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea
is usually better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular standard
seawater batch used.
Laboratory Temperature
The temperature stability in the salinometer laboratory was fair,
sometimes varying as much as 3.5°C during a run of samples. The
laboratory temperature was generally 1-2°C lower than the Autosal bath
temperature.
OXYGEN ANALYSIS
Equipment and Techniques
Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an ODF-designed automated
oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the
absorption of 365nm wavelength ultra-violet light. The titration of the
samples and the data logging were controlled by PC software. Thiosulfate
was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret.
The ODF method used a wholebottle modified-Winder titration following the
technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson (1991), but
with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately
0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/1). Standard K103 solutions
prepared ashore were run at the beginning of each session of analyses,
which typically included from 1 to 2 casts. Reagent/distilled water
blanks were determined, to account for presence of oxidizing or reducing
materials.
Sampling and Data Processing
Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the
rosette was brought on board. Using a Tygon drawing tube, nominal 125m1
volume-calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation,
then filled and allowed to overflow for at least 3 flask volumes. The
sample draw temperature was measured with a small platinum resistance
thermometer embedded in the drawing tube. Reagents were added to fix the
oxygen before stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough
dispersion of the precipitate, once immediately after drawing, and then
again after about 20 minutes. The samples were usually analyzed within a
few hours of collection and then the data were merged into the cruise
database. Thiosulfate normalities were calculated from each
standardization and corrected to 20°C. The 20°C normalities and the
blanks were plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems.
New thiosulfate normalities were recalculated as a linear function of
time, if warranted. The oxygen data were recalculated using the smoothed
normality and an averaged reagent blank. Oxygens were converted from
milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram using the sampling
temperature. 531 oxygen measurements were made, with no major problems
with the analyses.
Volumetric Calibration
Oxygen flask volumes were determined gravimetrically with degassed
deionized water to determine flask volumes at ODF' s chemistry
laboratory. This is done once before using flasks for the first time and
periodically thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected. The
volumetric flasks used in preparing standards were volume-calibrated by
the same method, as was the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense
standard iodate solution.
Standards
Potassium iodate was obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and
was reported by the supplier to be >99.4% pure.
NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
Equipment and Techniques
Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate+nitrite, urea, ammonium,
and nitrite) were performed on an ODF-modified 6-channel Technicon
AutoAnalyzer II, generally within a few hours after sample collection.
Occasionally samples were refrigerated up to a maximum of 8 hours at
2-6°C. All samples were brought to room temperature prior to analysis. The
analog outputs from each of the six channels were digitized and logged
automatically by computer (PC) at 2-second intervals.
Silicate was analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al.,
(Armstrong, 1967). An acidic solution of ammonium molybdate was added to
a seawater sample to produce silicomolybdic acid, which was then reduced
to silicomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of
stannous chloride. Tartaric acid was also added to impede P04 color
development. The sample was passed through a 15mm flowcell and the
absorbance measured at 660nm.
A modification of the Armstrong et al. (Armstrong 1967) procedure was
used for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite. For the nitrate analysis,
the seawater sample was passed through a cadmium reduction column where
nitrate was quantitatively reduced to nitrite. Sulfanilamide was
introduced to the sample stream followed by N-( I -naphthyl)
ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which coupled to form a red azo dye. The
stream was then passed through a 15mm flowcell and the absorbance
measured at 540nm. The same technique was employed for nitrite analysis,
except the cadmium column was bypassed, and a 50mm flowcell was used for
measurement. Periodic checks of the column efficiency were made by
running alternate equal concentrations of N02 and N03 through the N03
channel.
Phosphate was analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and
Wilhelms [Bernhardt 1967.] technique. An acidic solution of ammonium
molybdate was added to the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, and
then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the
addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The reaction product was heated to 55°C
to enhance color development, then passed through a 50mm flowcell and
the absorbance measured at 820m.
Ammonium is determined by the Berthelot reaction (Patton and Crouch 1977)
in which sodium hypochlorite and phenol react with ammonium ion to
produce indophenol blue, a blue compound, with an absorption maximum at
637nm. Sodium citrate is added to prevent precipitation of Ca +2 and
Mg2. The solution is heated to 55°C and passed through a 50mm flowcell
at 640nm.
Urea is analyzed via a modification of the method by Rahmatullah and
Boyde (1980), which is based on the classic diacetyl monoxime method.
A solution of diacetyl monoxime, thiosemicarbizide and acetone is
followed by the addition of ferric chloride, which acts as a
catalyst. The resultant solution is heated to 90°C and passed through
a 50mm flowcell. The absorbance is measured at 520nm.
Sampling and Data Processing
Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml polypropylene, screw-capped
"oak-ridge type" centrifuge tubes. The tubes were cleaned with 10% HC1
and rinsed with sample three times before filling. Standardizations were
performed at the beginning and end of each group of analyses (typically
one cast, usually 12-24 samples) with an intermediate concentration mixed
nutrient standard prepared prior to each run from a secondary standard in
a low-nutrient seawater matrix. The secondary standards were prepared
aboard ship by dilution from primary standard solutions. Dry standards
were pre-weighed at the laboratory at ODF, and transported to the vessel
for dilution to the primary standard. Sets of 6-7 different
standard concentrations covering the range of sample concentrations
were analyzed periodically to determine the deviation from linearity, if
any, as a function of concentration for each nutrient analysis. A correction
for non-linearity was applied to the final nutrient concentrations
when necessary. After each group of samples was analyzed, the raw data file
was processed to produce another file of response factors, baseline values,
and absorbances. Computer-produced absorbance readings were checked for
accuracy against values taken from a strip chart recording. The data were
then added to the cruise database. 1217 nutrient samples were analyzed. No
major problems were encountered with the measurements. The pump tubing
was changed three times, and a stable deep seawater check sample was
run frequently as a substandard check. The efficiency of the cadmium column
used for nitrate was monitored throughout the cruise and ranged from 96-100%.
Nutrients, reported in micromoles per kilogram, were converted from
micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1
atm pressure (0 db), in situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory
temperature of 25°C.
Also reported is N**, a parameter calculated from nitrate, nitrite,
ammonium and phosphate concentrations. This parameter is defined as N** =
((N-16P + 2.98) µM) 0.87, where P =the phosphate concentration in µM,
and N = (nitrate+nitrite+ammonium in µM). This parameter is quite
similar to the original N* parameter defined by Gruber and Sarmiento
(1997) except that we include ammonium concentrations because of the high
ammonium concentrations that can occur in the SBI region. The underlying
premise of both N* and N** is that the N/P atomic regeneration ratio in
seawater is normally close to the 16/1 N/P Redfield ratio. The assumption
is that deviations from this ratio in N/P ratios in a water mass arise
primarily from nitrogen fixation which produces organic matter with N/P
ratios in excess of 16/1, or denitrification which consumes nitrate and
other forms of fixed nitrogen and converts these forms into elemental
dinitrogen gas. Values less than 2.98 suggest that a water mass has
experienced net denitrification and higher values suggest net nitrogen
fixation. The factors 2.98 and 0.87 are explained by Gruber and Sarmiento
(1997), and there is some debate about whether they should be included,
but we do so in order to facilitate comparison with the distributions
presented by Gruber and Sarmiento (1997).
Nutrient Standards
Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, was obtained from Johnson Matthey
Company and Fisher Scientific and was reported by the suppliers to be
>98% pure. Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and
phosphate (KH2PO4) were obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. ,
Aesar Division, and the supplier reported purities of 99.999%, 97%, and
99.999%, respectively. Ammonia, (NH4(504)2), and Urea primary standards
were obtained from Fisher Scientific and reported to be >99% pure. In
addition, cross-comparisons were made with KNO3 and KH2PO4 traceable to
NIST that were assayed at 99.98% and 99.9% respectively. Standards for
the remaining nutrients were compared with a suite of standards supplied
by the University of Maryland. All standard intercomparisons, produced
agreement well within the precision of our methods.
Data Quality Notes:
Silicate data from station 10, cast 5, station 10, cast 6 and station 11
cast 2 look reasonable, but are probably not of our normal quality due to
problems with the molybdate reagent and baseline drift. Baseline problems
suggest that the ammonium data from station 11, cast 2 are not of our
normal quality.
Bottle Data Footnoting
WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned as defined in the WOCE
Operations Manual [Joyce]. These flags and interpretation are tabulated
in the Data Distribution, Bottle Data, Quality Flags section of this
document.
Data Distribution
The CTD and bottle data can be obtained through the NCARIEarth Observing
Laboratory (formerly JOSS [Joint Office for Science Support/UCAR])
web-site, www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi The data are reported using the
WHP-Exchange (WOCE Hydrographic Program) format and the quality coding
follows those outlined by the WOCE program (Joyce, 1994). In addition,
the format can be obtained through the WOCE Hydrographic Program website,
WHPO.ucsd.edu The descriptions in this document have been edited from the
reference to annotate the format specific to this data distribution.
ASCII files for each station were created with comments recorded on the
CTD Station Logs during data acquisition. These ASCII files include data
processing comments noting any problems, their resolution, and footnoting
that may have occurred. A separate ASCII file was also created with the
comments from the Sample Log Sheets that include problems with the Niskin
bottles that could compromise the samples. Comments arising from
inspection and checking of the data are also included in the ASCII file.
These comments are included in Appendix B.
General rules for WHP-exchange:
1. Each line must end with a carriage return or end-of-line.
2. With the exception of the file type line, lines starting with a "#"
character, or including and following a line which reads
"END _DATA", each line in the file must have exactly the same number
of commas as do all other lines in that file.
3. The name of a quality flag always begins with the name of the
parameter with which it is associated, followed by an underscore
character, followed by "FLAG", followed by an underscore, and then
followed by an alphanumeric character, W.
4. The "missing value" for a data value is always defined as -999,
but written in the decimal place format of the parameter in
question. For example, a missing salinity would be written
-999.0000 or a missing phosphate -999.00.
5. The first four characters of the EXPOCODE are the U.S. National
Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) country-ship code, then
followed by up to an 8 characters expedition name of cruise
number, i.e. 32H1HLYO2O1.
CTD DATA
CTD data is located in file 32H1hly0403_ctl.zip. This file contains ssscc
ctl.csv files for each station and cast where sss=3 digit station identifier
and cc=2 digit cast identifier.
Description of ssscc_ctl.csv file layout.
1st line File type, here CTD, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp
YYYYMMDDdivINSwho
YYYY 4 digit year
MM 2 digit month
DD 2 digit day div division of Institution
INS Institution name
who initials of responsible person
# lines A file may include 0-N optional lines at the start of a data
file, each beginning with a "#" character and each ending
with carriage return or end-of-line. Information relevant to
file change/update history may be included here, for example.
2nd line NUMBER_HEADERS = n (n = 10 in this table and the
example_ctl.csv file.)
3rd line EXPOCODE = [expocode] The expedition code, assigned by the user.
4th line SECT_ID = [section] The SBI station specification. Optional.
5th line STNNIBR = [station] The originator's station number
6th line CASTNO = [cast] The originator's cast number
7th line DATE = [date] Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
8th line TIME = [time] Cast time that CTD was at the deepest sampling
point.
9th line LATITUDE = [latitude] Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign
(blank or missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd are
decimal degrees. Sign is positive in northern hemisphere, negative
in southern hemisphere
10th line LONGITUDE = [longitude] Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "5" is
sign (blank or missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd
are decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" longitude,
negative for "west" longitude
11th line DEPTH = [bottom] Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are
"meters" and should be specified in Line 2. In general, corrected
depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. Documentation
accompanying data includes notes on methodology of correction.
Optional.
next line Parameter headings.
next line Units.
data lines A single _ctl.csv CTD data file will normally contain data
lines for one CTD cast.
END-DATA The line after the last data line must read END DATA, and be
followed by a carriage return or end of line.
other lines Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional
lines at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.
Parameter names, units, format, and comments
Parameter Units Format Comments
CTDPRS DB F7.1 CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W I1 CTDPRS quality flag
CTDTMP ITS-90 F8.3 CTD temperature, degrees
C (ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W I1 CTDTMP quality flag
CTDSAL F8.3 CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W I1 CTDSAL quality flag
CTDOXY UMOL/KG F7.l CTD oxygen,
micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W I1 CTDOXY quality flag
XMISS %TRANS F7.1 Transmissivity, percent
transmittance
XMISS_FLAG_W I1 XMISS quality flag
FLUOR VOLTS F8.3 Fluorometer, voltage
FLUORFLAGW I1 Fluorometer quality flag
PAR VOLTS F8.3 PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W I1 PAR quality flag
FLCDOM VOLTS F8.3 CDOM Fluorometer,
voltage
FLCDOMFLAGW Il CDOM Fluorometer
quality flag
QUALITY FLAGS
CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDTMP (CTD temperature),
CTDSAL (CTDsalinity) and XMISS (Transmissivity) parameters as follows:
5 Acceptable measurement.
6 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station
profile or adjacent station comparisons (or possibly bottle
data comparisons). The data could be acceptable, but are open
to interpretation.
7 Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be unusable.
8 Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported, typically when
CTD salinity is flagged 3 or 4.
9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast
WHP CTD data quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2),
FLUORO (Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), SPAR (Surface PAR), and HAARDT
(Haardt Fluorometer CDOM) parameter as follows:
1 Not calibrated. Data are uncalibrated.
9 Not sampled. No operational sensor was present on this cast.
Either the sensor cover was left on or the depth rating
necessitated removal.
BOTTLE DATA
Description of 32H1HLYO2O1_hyl.csv file layout.
1st line File type, here BOTTLE, followed by a comma and a DATE-TIME stamp
YYYYMMDDdivINSwho
YYYY 4 digit year
MM 2 digit month
DD 2 digit day
div division of Institution
INS Institution name
who initials of responsible person
#lines A file may include 0-N optional lines, typically at the start
of a data file, but after the file type line, each beginning
with a "#" character and each ending with carriage return or
end-of-line. Information relevant to file change/update history
of the file itself may be included here, for example.
2nd line Column headings.
3rd line Units.
data lines As many data lines may be included in a single file as is
convenient for the user, with the proviso that the number
and order of parameters, parameter order, headings, units,
and commas remain absolutely consistent throughout a
single file.
END-DATA The line after the last data line must read END-DATA.
other lines Users may include any information they wish in 0-N optional
lines at the end of a data file, after the END-DATA line.
Header columns
Parameter Format Description notes
EXPOCODE A12 The expedition code, assigned by the user.
SECT-ID A7 The SBI station specification. Optional.
STNNIBR A6 The originator's station number.
CASTNO 13 The originator's cast number.
BTLNBR A7 The bottle identification number.
BTLNBR_FLAG_W I1 BTLNBR quality flag.
DATE 18 Cast date in YYYYMMDD integer format.
TIME 14 Cast time (UT) as HHMM
LATITUDE F8.4 Latitude as SDD.dddd where "5" is sign (blank or
missing is positive), DD are degrees, and dddd
are decimal degrees. Sign is positive in
northern hemisphere, negative in southern hemisphere
LONGITUDE F9.4 Longitude as SDDD.dddd where "S" is sign (blank or
missing is positive), DDD are degrees, and dddd are
decimal degrees. Sign is positive for "east" longitude,
negative for "west" longitude
DEPTH 15 Reported depth to bottom. Preferred units are "meters"
and should be specified in Line 2. In general, corrected
depths are preferred to uncorrected depths. Documentation
accompanying data includes notes on methodology of
correction. Optional.
Parameter names, units, and comments:
Parameter Units Format Comments
CTDPRS DB F9.1 CTD pressure, decibars
CTDPRS_FLAG_W I1 CTDPRS quality flag
SAMPNO A7 Cast number * OO+BTLNBR.
Optional
CTDTMP ITS-90 F9.4 CTD temperature, degrees C,
(ITS-90)
CTDTMP_FLAG_W I1 CTDTMP quality flag
CTDCOND MS/CM F9.4 CTD Conductivity,
milliSiemens/centimeter
CTDCOND_FLAG_W I1 CTDCOND quality flag
CTDSAL F9.4 CTD salinity
CTDSAL_FLAG_W I1 CTDSAL quality flag
SALNTY F9.4 bottle salinity
SALNTY_FLAG_W I1 SALNTY quality flag
SIGMA THETA F9.4 Sigma Theta
SIGMA_FLAG_W I1 Sigma Theta quality flag
CTDOXY UMOL/KG F9.l CTD oxygen,
micromoles/kilogram
CTDOXY_FLAG_W I1 CTDOXY quality flag
CTDOXY ML/L F9.3 CTD oxygen, milliliters/liter
CTDOXY_FLAG_W I1 CTDOXY quality flag
OXYGEN UMOL/KG F9.l bottle oxygen
OXYGEN_FLAG_W I1 OXYGEN quality flag
OXYGEN ML/L F9.3 bottle oxygen,
milliliters/liter
OXYGEN_FLAG_W I1 OXYGEN quality flag
O2TEMP DEGC F6.l Temperature of water from
spigot during oxygen draw,
degrees C
O2TEMP_FLAG_W I1 O2TEMP quality flag
SILCAT UMOL/KG F9.2 SILICATE,
micromoles/kilogram
SILCAT_FLAG_W I1 SILCAT quality flag
SILCAT UMOL/L F9.2 SILCATE, micromoles/liter
SILCAT_FLAG_W I1 SILCAT quality flag
NITRAT UMOL/KG F9.2 NITRATE,
micromoles/kilogram
NITRAT_FLAG_W I1 NITRAT quality flag
NITRAT UMOL/L F9.2 NITRATE, micromoles/liter
NITRAT_FLAG_W I1 NITRAT quality flag
NITRIT UMOL/KG F9.2 NITRITE, micromoles/kilogram
NITRIT_FLAG_W 11 NITRIT quality flag
NITRIT UMOL/L F9.2 NITRITE, micromoles/liter
NITRIT_FLAG_W I1 NITRIT quality flag
PHSPHT UMOL/KG F9.2 PHOSPHATE,
micromoles/kilogram
PHSPHT_FLAG_W I1 PHSPHT quality flag
PHSPHT UMOL/L F9.2 PHOSPHATE, micromoles/liter
PHSPHT_FLAG_W I1 PHSPHT quality flag
NH4 UMOL/KG F9.2 AMMONIUM,
micromoles/kilogram
NH4_FLAG_W I1 NH4 quality flag
NH4 UMOL/L F9.2 AMMONIUM, micromoles/liter
NH4_FLAG_W I1 NH4 quality flag
UREA UMOL/KG F9.2 UREA, micromoles/kilogram
UREA_FLAG_W I1 UREA quality flag
UREA UMOL/L F9.2 UREA, micromoles/liter
UREA_FLAG_W I1 UREA quality flag
FLUORO VOLTS F8.3 Fluorometer, voltage
FLUOROFLAGW I1 Fluorometer quality flag
PAR VOLTS F8.3 PAR, voltage
PAR_FLAG_W I1 PAR quality flag
SPAR VOLTS F8.3 Surface PAR, voltage
SPAR_FLAG_W I1 Surface PAR quality flag
HAARDT VOLTS F8.3 CDOM Fluorometer, voltage
HAARDT_FLAG_W I1 CDOM Fluorometer quality flag
N** UMOL/L F9.2 N**, micromoles/liter
N**_FLAG_W I1 N** quality flag
CHLORO UG/L F8.2 Chlorophyll, micrograms/liter
CHLORO_FLAG_W I1 Chlorophyll quality flag
PHAEO UG/L F8.2 Phaeophytin, micrograms/liter
PHAEOFLAGW I1 Phaeophytin quality flag
BTL_DEP METERS F5.O bottle depth, meters
BTL_LAT F8.4 Latitude at time of bottle
trip, decimal degrees
BTL LONG F9.4 Longitude at time of bottle
trip, decimal degrees
JULIAN F8.4 Julian day and time as
fraction of day of the bottle trip.
Quality Flags
CTD data quality flags were assigned to CTDPRS (CTD pressure),
CTDTMP (CTD temperature), CTDCOND (CTD Conductivity), and CTDSAL (CTD salinity)
as defined in Data Distribution, CTD Data, Quality Flags section of this
document. CTDOXY (CTD O2), FLUORO (Fluorometer), PAR (PAR), and
SPAR (Surface PAR) parameters are flagged with either a 2, acceptable or 9, not
drawn.
Bottle quality flags were assigned to the BTLNBR (bottle number) as defined in
the WOCE Operations Manual [Joyce] with the following additional interpretations:
2 No problems noted.
3 Leaking. An air leak large enough to produce an observable effect
on a sample is identified by a flag of 3 on the bottle and aflag of 4 on the
oxygen. (Small air leaks may have no observable effect, or may only affect
gas samples.)
4 Did not trip correctly. Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth were
assigned a flag of 4. There may be no problems with the associated water
sample data.
9 The samples were not drawn from this bottle.
WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the water samples using the
following criteria:
1 The sample for this measurement was drawn from the water bottle, but the
results of the analysis were not (yet) received.
2 Acceptable measurement.
3 Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the station profile or
adjacent station comparisons (or possibly CTD data comparisons). No notes
from the analyst indicated a problem. The data could be acceptable, but are
open to interpretation.
4 Bad measurement. The data did not fit the station profile, adjacent stations
or CTD data. There were analytical notes indicating a problem, but data
values were reported. Sampling and analytical errors were also flagged as 4.
5 Not reported. The sample was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable.
9 The sample for this measurement was not drawn.
Not all of the quality flags are necessarily used on this data set.
References
Armstrong, F. A. J., Steams, C. R., and Strickland, D. H., "The
measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of
the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea Research,
14, pp. 381-3 89, (1967).
Bernhardt, Wilhelms A., "The continuous determination of low level iron,
soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer", Technicon
Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967).
Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler
dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, iO,pp. 141-143 (1965).
Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R.T., and Zemlyak, F., "A
comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in
seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office (Aug 1991).
Gordon, L.I. , Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A. and J.M. Krest, "A Suggested
Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in
the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study".
1993. WOCE Hydrographic Programs Office, Methods Manual WHPO 91-1.
Gruber, N. and J.L. Sarmiento, "Global patterns of marine nitrogen
fixation and denitrification." Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11(2), pp. 235-
266,(1997).
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Committee on
Oceanic Research Manual and Guides 29 Protocols for the Joint
Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. UNESCO, l7Opp.,
1994.
Joyce, T. ed., and Cony, C. ed., "Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic
Programme Data Reporting," Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/913. 1,.
pp. 52-55, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA (May
1994, Rev. 2), UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT
Patton, C.J. and Crouch, S.R., "Spectrophotometric and kinetics
investigation of the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammonia,"
Analytical Chemistry, 49(3), pp.464-469 1977.
Sea-Bird Electronics, mc, CTD Data Acquisition Software Manual, March 2001
Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., CTD Operating and Repair Manual, February 2002
APPENDIX A Station Tabulation
USCGC HEALY HLY-02-O1 SBI Process 1 5-May-2002 to 15-June-2002
CAST TYPE:
ROS= Hydrographic
BIO= Bio-Markers
PRO= Productivity
RAD= Radium
ZOO= Zooplankton
CTD= CTD only, no samples
Max Max
Dist Samp Samp
Stn Cst Cst Btm Abov Dpth Dpth
Nbr Nbr Date Type Latitude Longitude Time Dpth Btm Btl CTD Remarks
--- --- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------------
0 1 8-May-2002 ROS 64 59.01 N 169 07.66 W 1917 47 5 42 42
0 2 8-May-2002 BlO 65 00.79 N 169 03.04 W 2232 21 8 13 41
0 3 9-May-2002 ROS 65 01.91 N 169 03.06 W 0027 49 6 43 43
1 1 10-May-2002 ROS 67 27.47 N 168 53.10 W 0601 49 3 45 45
1 2 10-May-2002 RAD 67 28.85 N 168 49.84 W 0844 49 7 42 42
1 3 10-May-2002 BlO 67 30.40 N 168 45.72 W 1357 49 37 12 12
1 4 10-May-2002 PRO 67 30.37 N 168 52.47 W 1718 50 33 17 17
2 1 12-May-2002 ROS 70 37.96 N 167 27.50 W 1846 50 4 46 46
2 2 12-May-2002 BlO 70 38.23 N 167 24.59 W 2109 51 9 42 42
2 3 12-May-2002 RAD 70 38.34 N 167 23.39 W 2235 51 10 41 41
3 1 14-May-2002 ROS 71 55.09 N 166 15.25 W 1635 45 3 42 42
3 2 14-May-2002 CTD 71 53.95 N 166 10.18 W 1955 45 9 36 36
3 3 14-May-2002 PRO 71 53.39 N 166 07.96 W 2125 45 8 36 36
3 4 14-May-2002 RAD 71 52.68 N 166 05.26 W 2324 45 4 41 41
4 1 15-May-2002 PRO 71 37.02 N 165 59.99 W 1919 43 7 36 36
5 1 17-May-2002 ROS 72 42.44 N 161 14.28 W 0454 50 4 46 46
5 2 17-May-2002 RAD 72 42.72 N 161 14.32 W 0650 48 2 46 46
6 1 17-May-2002 PRO 72 55.22 N 160 31.26 W 1721 71 11 60 60
6 2 17-May-2002 ROS 72 55.27 N 160 30.63 W 1851 73 4 69 69
6 3 18-May-2002 RAD 72 53.78 N 160 34.84 W 0213 62 3 56 59
7 1 18-May-2002 ROS 73 02.16 N 160 23.05 W 0849 164 3 161 161
7 2 18-May-2002 RAD 73 01.88 N 160 25.74 W 1350 151 4 96 147
7 3 18-May-2002 RAD 73 01.86 N 160 27.09 W 1520 149 5 144 144
7 4 18-May-2002 PRO 73 01.98 N 160 28.76 W 1716 149 5 140 144
8 1 19-May-2002 ROS 73 14.81 N 160 00.48 W 0210 548 6 542 543
8 2 19-May-2002 RAD 73 15.23 N 160 03.71 W 0443 691 -99 249 249
8 3 19-May-2002 RAD 73 15.52 N 160 05.34 W 0601 -999 -99 139 249
9 1 19-May-2002 PRO 73 16.90 N 160 07.59 W 1843 1151 -99 60 102
9 2 19-May-2002 ZOO 73 17.66 N 160 09.82 W 2033 1173 -99 12 12
9 3 19-May-2002 ROS 73 18.62 N 160 12.04 W 2247 1150 8 1142 1144
9 4 20-May-2002 ROS 73 19.45 N 160 13.28 W 0054 1211 -99 202 202
9 5 20-May-2002 BlO 73 20.22 N 160 14.80 W 0303 1160 171 990 997
9 6 20-May-2002 RAD 73 20.56 N 160 21.31 W 0611 1176 -99 101 252
9 7 20-May-2002 RAD 73 21.06 N 160 22.24 W 0728 1163 -99 200 252
10 1 20-May-2002 PRO 73 26.93 N 159 50.17 W 1927 1894 -99 100 101
10 2 20-May-2002 ROS 73 25.86 N 159 44.32 W 2221 1950 -99 202 203
10 3 21-May-2002 ROS 73 26.37 N 159 44.92 W 0050 1918 8 1908 1910
10 4 21-May-2002 BlO 73 26.57 N 159 45.66 W 0324 1927 -99 502 504
CAST TYPE:
ROS= Hydrographic
BIO= Bio-Markers
PRO= Productivity
RAD= Radium
ZOO= Zooplankton
CTD= CTD only, no samples
Max Max
Dist Samp Samp
Stn Cst Cst Btm Abov Dpth Dpth
Nbr Nbr Date Type Latitude Longitude Time Dpth Btm Btl CTD Remarks
--- --- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------------
10 5 21-May-2002 RAD 73 26.58 N 159 46.52 W 0453 1919 -99 199 252
10 6 21-May-2002 RAD 73 26.62 N 159 47.39 W 0613 1908 -99 100 259
11 1 21-May-2002 PRO 73 36.66 N 159 33.39 W 1835 2516 -99 -999 -999 CTD Data lost
11 2 21-May-2002 PRO 73 36.48 N 159 34.44 W 1920 2524 -99 100 100
11 3 22-May-2002 ROS 73 44.68 N 158 57.13 W 0349 3057 19 3038 3038
11 4 22-May-2002 ROS 73 45.05 N 158 58.81 W 0646 3125 -99 200 302
11 5 22-May-2002 RAD 73 45.40 N 159 00.59 W 0850 3124 -99 249 252
11 6 22-May-2002 BIO 73 45.64 N 159 01.44 W 0953 3124 -99 149 252
12 1 23-May-2002 ROS 73 26.34 N 157 32.34 W 1106 2850 19 2831 2832
12 2 23-May-2002 ROS 73 26.60 N 157 33.30 W 1348 2834 -99 228 247
12 3 23-May-2002 PRO 73 26.85 N 157 34.17 W 1655 2857 -99 140 142
12 4 23-May-2002 RAD 73 27.01 N 157 35.09 W 1848 2852 -99 253 253
12 5 23-May-2002 BIO 73 27.32 N 157 36.70 W 2106 2808 -99 2461 2499
12 6 23-May-2002 RAD 73 27.94 N 157 38.65 W 2356 2809 -99 46 252
12 7 24-May-2002 RAD 73 28.21 N 157 39.23 W 0105 2855 -99 218 253
13 1 24-May-2002 PRO 73 20.21 N 158 11.31 W 1824 2379 -99 100 502
14 1 25-May-2002 ROS 73 05.91 N 158 09.15 W 0426 2140 8 2133 2134
14 2 25-May-2002 ROS 73 05.58 N 158 09.91 W 0703 2150 -99 224 302
14 3 25-May-2002 RAD 73 05.46 N 158 10.60 W 0851 2138 -99 299 302
14 4 25-May-2002 PRO 73 05.77 N 158 12.43 W 1636 2163 -99 149 152
14 5 25-May-2002 RAD 73 05.68 N 158 12.66 W 1817 2157 -99 249 256
14 6 25-May-2002 RAD 73 05.62 N 158 13.07 W 1931 2152 -99 150 267
15 1 26-May-2002 CTD 73 02.14 N 157 56.33 W 1005 2031 -99 -999 498
16 1 27-May-2002 ROS 72 52.50 N 158 16.67 W 0031 1080 45 1035 1037
16 2 27-May-2002 ROS 72 51.54 N 158 17.55 W 0305 993 -99 200 299
16 3 27-May-2002 BlO 72 51.97 N 158 19.29 W 0507 1086 -99 595 601
16 4 27-May-2002 RAD 72 52.23 N 158 20.53 W 0639 1068 -99 297 303
16 5 27-May-2002 RAD 72 52.36 N 158 21.29 W 0738 1017 -99 253 254
17 1 27-May-2002 PRO 72 51.05 N 158 29.35 W 1752 424 -99 139 202
17 2 27-May-2002 ZOO 72 50.89 N 158 30.45 W 1940 398 -99 31 102
17 3 27-May-2002 ROS 72 51.98 N 158 33.60 W 2134 437 8 429 430
17 4 27-May-2002 BIO 72 51.85 N 158 35.10 W 2340 407 159 248 303
17 5 28-May-2002 RAD 72 51.79 N 158 35.95 W 0052 406 -99 135 252
17 6 28-May-2002 RAD 72 51.75 N 158 36.90 W 0214 381 129 253 254
18 1 28-May-2002 ROS 72 44.73 N 158 36.98 W 1538 229 3 226 227
18 2 28-May-2002 ROS 72 44.61 N 158 37.12 W 1648 229 3 226 227
18 3 28-May-2002 PRO 72 44.42 N 158 37.39 W 1846 226 106 119 123
18 4 29-May-2002 RAD 72 44.99 N 158 42.90 W 0141 217 3 214 214
18 5 29-May-2002 RAD 72 45.18 N 158 44.11 W 0248 216 57 159 206
19 1 29-May-2002 PRO 72 36.36 N 158 45.36 W 1629 90 9 81 81
19 2 29-May-2002 ROS 72 36.44 N 158 47.53 W 1802 86 6 81 81
CAST TYPE:
ROS= Hydrographic
BIO= Bio-Markers
PRO= Productivity
RAD= Radium
ZOO= Zooplankton
CTD= CTD only, no samples
Max Max
Dist Samp Samp
Stn Cst Cst Btm Abov Dpth Dpth
Nbr Nbr Date Type Latitude Longitude Time Dpth Btm Btl CTD Remarks
--- --- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------------
19 3 29-May-2002 RAD 72 36.39 N 158 50.11 W 1955 75 6 69 70
20 1 30-May-2002 CTD 72 27.51 N 159 26.87 W 0820 49 4 46 46
21 1 30-May-2002 CTD 72 20.41 N 159 42.89 W 1114 48 4 44 44
22 1 30-May-2002 PRO 72 14.57 N 159 47.34 W 1621 46 3 43 43
22 2 30-May-2002 ZOO 72 14.53 N 159 48.54 W 1747 45 3 18 42
22 3 30-May-2002 ROS 72 14.48 N 159 49.48 W 1856 46 3 43 43
22 4 30-May-2002 RAD 72 14.39 N 159 51.21 W 2053 46 4 42 42
22 5 31-May-2002 BIO 72 14.35 N 159 59.75 W 0502 44 42 2 36
23 1 1-Jun-2002 PRO 71 24.35 N 158 07.59 W 1652 92 4 85 88
24 1 2-Jun-2002 ROS 71 48.78 N 155 41.09 W 1535 103 3 99 100
24 2 2-Jun-2002 PRO 71 49.15 N 155 42.87 W 1752 107 3 95 104
24 3 2-Jun-2002 ZOO 71 49.22 N 155 43.54 W 1910 99 17 81 82
24 4 2-Jun-2002 RAD 71 49.27 N 155 44.44 W 2106 97 5 92 92
25 1 3-Jun-2002 CTD 71 43.00 N 155 24.89 W 0658 188 4 -999 184
26 1 3-Jun-2002 PRO 71 33.29 N 154 33.66 W 1615 37 8 28 30
27 1 4-Jun-2002 ROS 71 29.69 N 153 53.91 W 0746 50 2 45 48
27 2 4-Jun-2002 ZOO 71 29.69 N 153 53.92 W 0931 49 5 11 44
27 3 4-Jun-2002 RAD 71 29.66 N 153 53.95 W 1029 49 4 33 45
28 1 4-Jun-2002 PRO 71 42.33 N 154 13.13 W 1626 51 5 46 46
29 1 4-Jun-2002 ROS 71 46.75 N 154 24.10 W 2001 121 4 118 118
30 1 5-Jun-2002 ROS 71 49.97 N 154 37.51 W 0026 181 4 176 176
31 1 5-Jun-2002 ROS 71 55.68 N 154 49.31 W 0430 399 6 393 392
31 2 5-Jun-2002 BlO 71 55.68 N 154 49.87 W 0623 420 168 209 252
31 3 5-Jun-2002 RAD 71 55.68 N 154 50.28 W 0738 456 153 303 303
31 4 5-Jun-2002 RAD 71 55.69 N 154 50.62 W 0837 496 199 199 296
31 5 5-Jun-2002 PRO 71 56.94 N 154 56.00 W 1802 342 6 139 336
32 1 6-Jun-2002 ROS 72 04.35 N 154 27.99 W 0150 1311 10 1300 1302
32 2 6-Jun-2002 ROS 72 04.98 N 154 28.65 W 0431 1464 -99 174 203 No samples
32 3 6-Jun-2002 BlO 72 05.46 N 154 28.14 W 0606 1475 -99 301 301
32 4 6-Jun-2002 RAD 72 05.79 N 154 28.71 W 0722 1520 -99 175 253
32 5 6-Jun-2002 RAD 72 06.08 N 154 29.02 W 0831 1554 -99 252 252
32 6 6-Jun-2002 ROS 72 06.35 N 154 29.29 W 0937 1578 -99 169 202
32 7 6-Jun-2002 PRO 72 07.59 N 154 29.28 W 1624 1674 -99 140 201
32 8 6-Jun-2002 ZOO 72 07.81 N 154 29.18 W 1852 1690 -99 51 52
33 1 7-Jun-2002 ROS 72 11.24 N 154 23.77 W 0759 1805 10 1795 1795
33 2 7-Jun-2002 ROS 72 11.22 N 154 22.49 W 1031 1910 -99 199 302
33 3 7-Jun-2002 RAD 72 11.39 N 154 21.36 W 1219 1958 -99 165 304
33 4 7-Jun-2002 RAD 72 11.48 N 154 20.23 W 1332 1995 -99 301 301
33 5 7-Jun-2002 BlO 72 11.49 N 154 18.90 W 1452 2066 -99 1579 1599
33 6 7-Jun-2002 PRO 72 11.36 N 154 17.41 W 1642 2132 -99 140 192
33 7 7-Jun-2002 ZOO 72 11.15 N 154 16.64 W 1803 1975 -99 11 11
CAST TYPE:
ROS= Hydrographic
BIO= Bio-Markers
PRO= Productivity
RAD= Radium
ZOO= Zooplankton
CTD= CTD only, no samples
Max Max
Dist Samp Samp
Stn Cst Cst Btm Abov Dpth Dpth
Nbr Nbr Date Type Latitude Longitude Time Dpth Btm Btl CTD Remarks
--- --- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------------
34 1 8-Jun-2002 PRO 72 32.06 N 154 29.97 W 1837 2936 -99 139 201
34 2 8-Jun-2002 ROS 72 32.84 N 154 33.34 W 2215 2928 17 2911 2911
34 3 9-Jun-2002 ROS 72 33.32 N 154 34.28 W 0119 2929 -99 223 302
34 4 9-Jun-2002 BlO 72 33.54 N 154 34.44 W 0311 2922 -99 495 603
34 5 9-Jun-2002 RAD 72 33.61 N 154 34.54 W 0422 2920 -99 101 303
34 6 9-Jun-2002 RAD 72 33.63 N 154 34.71 W 0523 2907 -99 199 303
35 1 10-Jun-2002 ROS 72 11.05 N 155 02.88 W 0039 1012 2 1007 1010
36 1 10-Jun-2002 PRO 71 53.57 N 155 40.18 W 1651 125 12 101 113
37 1 11-Jun-2002 ROS 71 39.03 N 155 45.51 W 0351 183 3 179 180
37 2 11-Jun-2002 BIO 71 39.00 N 155 45.79 W 0539 176 24 150 152
37 3 11-Jun-2002 RAD 71 38.98 N 155 45.83 W 0641 179 6 149 172
37 4 11-Jun-2002 RAD 71 38.96 N 155 45.83 W 0739 176 9 149 167
38 1 12-Jun-2002 ZOO 71 33.00 N 156 12.02 W 0104 168 8 19 160
39 1 12-Jun-2002 ROS 71 24.22 N 157 11.22 W 1351 119 4 114 115
39 2 12-Jun-2002 ROS 71 24.38 N 157 11.41 W 1607 122 22 99 99
39 3 12-Jun-2002 RAD 71 24.49 N 157 11.50 W 1744 122 7 100 115
APPENDIX B: BOTTLE QUALITY COMMENTS
Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PT data comments, and WOCE
codes other than 2 from SBI Process HLY-02-01. Comments from the Sample
Logs and the results of ODF's investigations are included in this report.
Investigation of data may include comparison of bottle salinity and
oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots of the station profile
and adjoining stations, and rereading of charts (i.e. nutrients). Units
stated in these comments are degrees Celsius for temperature, Practical
Salinity Units for salinity, and unless otherwise noted, milliliters per
liter for oxygen and micromoles per liter for Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite,
Phosphate and Urea and Ammounium, if appropriate. The first number before
the comment is the cast number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number
(BTLNBR).
Station 000.001
104 SampleLog: "Leaking report by DOC/DON." Data is acceptable.
105 Possible problems in oxygen analyses, new reagents, high room T, etc.
Oxygen looks high relative to CTD. Code oxygen bad.
108 SampleLog: "Bottle leaked." Data is acceptable.
109 Possible problems in oxygen analyses, new reagents, high room T, etc.
Oxygen looks high, lab temp high, possible bubbles in reagents. Code oxygen
bad. Sample Log: "Air leak (leak with valve open, air vent closed)." Data
is acceptable.
112 Sample Log: "Large spigot difficult to line up vertical orientation."
Data is acceptable.
Station 000.003
301 SampleLog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled.
Station 001.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Yo Yoed bottles to encourage flushing." Data are
acceptable. 108 Samplelog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not
trip as scheduled. 109 Samplelog: "Air leak, airvent not closed." Data
are acceptable.
Station 001.003
308 Samplelog: "Bottle leaked." Data is acceptable.
Station 001.004
401 Samplelog: "No trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled.
406 Samplelog: "Slight drip." Data are acceptable.
Station 002.001
103-110 Salinity was not drawn.
111 Samplelog: "Collar cracked on small spigot." Data are acceptable.
112 Salinity has not drawn.
Station 002.002
209 Samplelog: "Bottle had a slight leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 002.003
301 Samplelog: "Bottle did not trip." Code bottle did not trip as scheduled.
Station 003.001
101-112 Sample log: "Gantry broke, took >10 mm to get rosette in bay." Water
froze in bottles so aborted O2 and salt per PT. Salinity was not drawn.
Station 003.004
401 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Bottle and samples are acceptable.
407 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Bottle and samples are acceptable.
Station 004.001
401-412 Sample log: "Ship had to maneuver during cast." Data are acceptable.
406 Samplelog: "Leaking - reported by CHL." Bottle and samples are acceptable.
Station 005.001
109 Samplelog: "Loose vent leaking." Data are acceptable.
Station 006.001
101 SampleLog: "Small leak." Data are acceptable.
101-112 Sample Log: "Did not yo-yo bottles for flush. Bottles were soaked at
trip depth for 1 mm. Salts taken to check flushing." Data are acceptable.
103 SampleLog: "Leaked form spigot when vented." Data are acceptable.
112 SampleLog: "Leak when top vent cracked, from bottom cap." Data are acceptable.
Station 006.002
204 Samplelog: "02 redrawn." Oxygen is acceptable.
208 Samplelog: "Salt big spigot." Salinity is acceptable.
Station 007.003
301-312 Salinity differences high and variable, very high gradients. Leave as
is.
Station 007.004
401-412 Sample log: "Did not "yo-yo" on prod cast."
Station 008.001
112 Samplelog: "Cut bottom 0-ring." Data are acceptable.
Station 008.002
201-212 No salts drawn.
Station 009.003
309 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 009.004
404 Samplelog: "Bottle large spigot dripping." Data are acceptable.
Station 010.001
108 SampleLog: "Small leak on small spigot before venting." Data are acceptable.
Station 010.002
101-112 Salinity was not drawn.
Station 010.004
407 SampleLog: "Leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 010.005
501 SiO3 questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problems."
507 Samplelog: "mistripped at 200m - operator error." Data are acceptable.
508 Sample Log: "First at 150m." Data are acceptable. SiO3 questionable,
possibly lower precision, molybdate problems."
Station 010.006
603 SIO3 questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problem. 610 SiO3
questionable, possibly lower precision, molybdate problems.
Station 011.002
201 SiO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to baseline
issues.
203-204 SiO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to
baseline issues.
208-209 SIO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to
baseline issues.
211-212 SIO3 questionable due to baseline issues. NH4 questionable due to
baseline issues.
Station 011.003
307 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
309 Samplelog: "Leaks." Data are acceptable.
Station 011.004
407 Samplelog: "Slight drip from spigot on venting." Data are acceptable.
Station 012.001
103 Sample Log: "Repaired with new PVC patches to cover bolts to replace
old white patches before this cast during a 10 hr down period." Data are
acceptable.
104 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom endcap- large leak. 0-ring changed after
cast." Data are acceptable.
106 Samplelog: "See 106 comment." Data are acceptable.
Station 012.004
401 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
403 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
404 SampleLog: "Leaking." Data are acceptable.
Station 012.007
702 Nutssample originally reported as from NB 4 in HYDNTJ file
708 Nutssample originally reported as from cast 6 in HYDNU file
Station 014.001
101 Sample log: "Cap on O2 flask 1161 slightly loose when reshaken. Oxygen is
acceptable.
104 Phosphate in this sample looks a little high. No obvious problem. Leave as
is.
107 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
109 Samplelog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 014.002
201-212 Salinity was not drawn.
212 Samplelog: "Air leak (Probable cause- loose air vent)." Data are acceptable.
Station 015.001
101-112 No water samples were taken.
Station 016.001
101 SampleLog: "Tiny leak from spigot." Data are acceptable.
104 SampleLog: "Bottom leak." Data are acceptable.
106 SampleLog: "Big time leak- vent open." Data are acceptable.
107 SampleLog: "Small leak." Data are acceptable.
108 SampleLog: "Tiny leak." Data are acceptable.
109 SampleLog: "Vent leak also." Data are acceptable.
Station 016.002
101 SampleLog: "Slight leak in spigot." Data are acceptable.
101-108 Salinity was not drawn.
107 SampleLog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
109 SampleLog: "Slight leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 016.004
405 First bottle tripped in series of 8 bottles. CTD salinity different by 0.011
from subsequent trips. Possibly incomplete flushing at time of first trip.
Leave as is.
Station 017.001
101-112 Sample log: "Not enough water for dup Chl." Data appear acceptable.
Station 017.003
301 Silicate is anomalously high. No apparent errors in analyses, processing,
etc. Leave as is for now. Phosphate seems a little high. See comments for
silicate.
301-312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
309 Samplelog: "Significant leak with vent closed." Data are acceptable.
Station 017.004
401-412 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 017.006
603 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
608 Samplelog: "No water from Bottle 8- Spout fell off." 611 Auto analyzer
error, urea lost.
Station 018.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Cast aborted on way up because an ice floe made it unsafe
to continue the cast."
Station 018.002
201-212 PAR sensor cap was left on. No PAR data. Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 018.003
310 NH4value high, AA peak is normal. Contamination? Code NH4 questionable. Urea
value high, AA peak is normal. Contamination? Code urea questionable.
Station 019.001
109 SampleLog: "Air leak, O2 redrawn." Oxygen is acceptable.
Station 019.002
202 Samplelog: "Empty after Pb210." Data are acceptable.
Station 022.001
104 Samplelog: "Leaking from bottom on vent, bottom did not seat." Data
are acceptable.
Station 022.002
204 Samplelog: "Leaking, spewing on venting. Did not reseat this time."
Station 022.003
301 Sample log: "Leaking from spigot, flowing when vented. Air leak at top."
Data are acceptable.
Station 024.002
201 Sample log: "Nuts drew before O2 (should not be a problem)." Oxygen is
acceptable. 210 Samplelog: "Leak from bottom end cap after O2 draw." Data
are acceptable.
Station 024.003
301 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
Station 024.004
405 Autoanalyzer error, NH4 lost.
Station 026.001
101-112 Bottles were tripped off by 1; 2 was deep, 1 was shallow.
Station 027.001
101 Samplelog: "Only 14 liters on (Cesium sample, by R. Nelson)."
101-112 Bottles were tripped off by 1; 2 was deep, 1 was shallow." Data are
acceptable as reported.
Station 029.001
101 SampleLog: "Leaking with air vent closed - heavy leak." Data are acceptable.
110 SampleLog: "Small leak from bottom cap." Data are acceptable.
Station 030.001
101 SampleLog: "Leaking (Strong Leak)." Data are acceptable.
Station 031.001
101 SampleLog: "Still leaking - check bolts." Data are acceptable.
Station 032.001
101 Sample Log: "spigot - vent leak." (NOTE: following this cast, ODF bottle 1
was replaced with USCG bottle 9. The ODF bottle was found to have cracks in
area of bolts to metal backplate.) Data are acceptable.
102 SampleLog: "Bottom cap- check." Data are acceptable.
107 SampleLog: "Spigot - vent small leak." Data are acceptable.
Station 032.004
406 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 412 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 032.005
503 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
507 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 032.006
601-612 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
609 SampleLog: "Air vent left open." Data are acceptable.
Station 032.008
808 SampleLog: "Top valve was not closed." Data are acceptable.
Station 033.001
101-112 Sample Log: "Jellyfish on rosette; pulled strings off 1 and 12." Data
are acceptable.
Station 033.007
705 Sample Log: "Leaking from bottom. Nuts drawn first; was not leaking then."
Data are acceptable.
Station 034.003
308 SampleLog: "Small spigot hole small drip." Data are acceptable.
Station 034.004
10 1-112 PAR sensor cap was left on. No PAR data.
Station 035.001
101-112 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. Salinity was not drawn.
Station 036.001
101 Samplelog: "Bact opened bottle before O2 drawn." Oxygen is acceptable.
101-110 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 037.001
101-112 Sample log: "Ship maneuvering before cast - ice. Rushed though tripping
a bit last 2-3 bottles - ice, but yo-yoed." Data are acceptable.
Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 037.003
301-302 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 311-312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 037.004
406-407 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 039.001
101-112 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
110 Samplelog: "Leaking after O2 draw, reseated then stopped." Data are
acceptable.
Station 039.002
203-212 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
Station 039.003
301 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost. 312 Autoanalyzer error, urea lost.
ADDENDUM
ADDITIONAL PRECISION AND ACCURACY NOTES FOR NUTRIENT AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Data: 2002 SBI (Western Arctic Shelf Basin Interactions) Process Experiment
Cruises (HLY 02-01 & HLY 02-03)
L.A. Codispoti*
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 775,
Cambridge, MD 21613, USA, codispot@hpl.umces.edu
Introduction:
This document provides supplementary information about the
precision and accuracy of the hydrographic nutrient and dissolved oxygen
data collected during the SBI (Western Arctic ShelfBasin Interactions)
2002 process cruises (HLY 02-01, HLY 02-03). The material herein
supplements comments submitted with the Service Team Activity Reports for
cruises HLY 02-01 and HLY 02-03, and the comments on methods in Codispoti
et al. (2005). The Service Team Activity Report for each cruise discusses
the procedures employed, the purity of standards, etc. in considerable
detail.
Precision of the Dissolved Oxygen Analyses:
Examination of data from Niskin bottles tripped in mixed surface
layers or in layers of uniform concentration suggest that the
precision of our results (including sample collection and "pickling"
errors) is ± 0.01 mIll (± 0.45 µM).
Precision of Nutrient Analyses:
Comparisons of nitrite samples drawn from Niskin bottles tripped at
the same depth suggests that the within-run precision of the nitrite
analyses is better than ± 0.01 µM. Station to station baseline
variability could introduce an additional uncertainty of 0.01 µM. During
HLY 02-01, determinations of the silicate concentration of a deep water
"check" sample during 38 separate autoanalyzer runs over a three week
period gave an average of 10.8 µM and a standard deviation of 0.2 µM.
During HLY 02-03 two deep water "check" samples were used. The first
lasted almost one month, and the average of 72 runs was 10.2 µM. with a
standard deviation of 0.2 µM. The second was used for one week, and the
average value over 17 runs was 10.0 µM with a standard deviation of 0.1
tM. To estimate run-to-run and cruise-to-cruise precision for nitrate and
phosphate, nitrate and phosphate values from 18 samples collected between
2200 - 3300 db where vertical gradients were weak were examined. Seven of
these samples were collected during HLY 02-01 and the remaining 11 were
collected during HLY 02-03. Since there should be some natural
variability and since this comparison includes sampling error, these
samples should give a robust estimate of precision. The average nitrate
value was 14.77 µM with a standard deviation of 0.13 µM. The average
phosphate value was 1.05 µM with a standard deviation of 0.01 µM.
Within-run precision of the ammonium and urea analyses was
generally better than ± 0.05 µM, but the accuracy and precision of these
methods suffers from, the relative instability of these methods, the
labile nature of ammonium and urea, variation in ammonium baselines, and
refractive index effects, we suggest that differences of less than 0.2
µM in ammonium and urea concentrations may not be significant. Because
the refractive index of sea-water increases linearly with salinity and
because there can be salt effects in some analyses, standards were
prepared in a low nutrient sea-water matrices with salinities ranging
from 30 to 34, depending on the source of the low nutrient sea water.
During HLY 02-01, salinities ranged between 29-35, and maximum refractive
index errors arising from deviations between matrix salinity and sample
salinity would be approximately 0.03 for ammonium, 0.02 µM for nitrate,
0.01 µM for nitrite, 0.01 µM for phosphate, 0.2 µM for silicate, and
0.05 µM for urea. During HLY 02-03 customized refractive index
corrections were applied to samples with salinities <29, so the maximum
refractive index errors should be similar for both cruises.
Acknowledgements
These data would not exist were it not for the dedication of the
men and women who serve on the USCGC Healy and for the leadership of the
chief scientists (J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper). The members of the
hydrographic team that produced the data were: Carney Cheng, Emily
Cooper, John Gunn, Erik Haberkern, Doug Masten, Robert Palomares, Kristin
Sanborn, Dean Stockwell, and Bob Williams. The help provided by Steve
Roberts and Greg Stossmeister of the Joint Office for Science Support
(JOSS) is also deeply appreciated. Finally, we are grateful for the
financial support provided by the Office of Polar Programs at the
National Science Foundation via Arctic System Science Program grant
0PP0125399 to J.H. Swift.
Reference:
Codispoti, L.A., Flagg, C., Kelly, V, Swift, J.H., 2005. Hydrographic
conditions during the 2002 SBI process experiments. Deep-Sea Research 11
52:3199-3226.
CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES
Event Date Person Date Type Summary
---------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------
2010-02-19 Muus, Dave BTL/SUM Data online
notes for USCGC HEALY SBI-I Expocode 32H120020505 20100218/dm
1. Original file 32H120020505_hy1.csv taken from the CARINA project group on the CCHDO website
Received as 32H120020505.esc.csv from Bob Key Jan 30, 2009.
2. Original file has same position for all casts on each station and no times.
Used ODF stacst file to enter individual cast postitions and times.
3. ODF data has Expocode 32H1HLY0201.
CARINA data has Expocode 32H120020505.
CCHDO website has Expocode 32H120020507 for the Place-Holder for this cruise as of this date.
Principal Investigators' Cruise Report gives cruise dates as 5 May to 15 June, 2002.
USED the CARINA Expocode (32H120020505) for these data since it is in the proper format and is in
the most widely distributed data set.
4. CARINA data has no Section ID. Used Section IDs given in the ODF data.
5. Aliases for this cruise include HLY-02-01, SBI I, HL0201, HEALY0201, HLY0201.
6. Parameters Names and Units:
Changed AMMONI to NH4 - to match CCHDO Parameter List
Changed DEL018 Units from 0/00 to /MILLE - to match CCHDO Parameter List
Changed POC decimal format to xx.xxx - Original has up to 5 decimal places.
Changed PON decimal format to x.xxx - Original has up to 5 decimal places.
Changed CTDPRS units from DBARS to DBAR.
Changed RA-226 and RA-228 units from DPM/100KG to DM/.1MG
Temporarily removed:
- RA-226E
- RA-228E
- RA-8/6
- RA-8/6E
- UREA
- LIGNIN
- PHAEO
- FLUORO
- HAARDT
- PAR
They may be merged later after parameter description issues are resolved.
7. Removed Radium only samples. The missing values, CTDTMP etc all showed up on JOA as zero rather than -999s
Anyone specifically interested in Radium should use the CARINA file. No times or positions are given in ODF data.
ExpoCode 32H120020505 USCGC HEALY SBI I May 5-June 15, 2002 20091217CCHDOSIODM Radium Only Casts
STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO BTLNBR CTDPRS CTDTMP CTDSAL SALNTY CTDOXY OXYGEN RA-226 RA-228
DBAR ITS-90 PSS-78 PSS-78 UMOL/KG UMOL/KG UMOL/KG UMOL/KG
******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* *******
0 4 99 99 5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 14.07 6.51
1 5 99 99 5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.79 4.15
2 4 99 99 5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.79 7.08
3 5 99 99 5.0 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 4.99 5.45
5 3 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.79 7.37
6 4 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 8.63 7.69
7 5 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.01 4.55
8 4 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 8.26 5.55
9 8 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.55 3.12
10 7 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.64 3.05
11 7 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 4.94 3.23
12 8 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 5.71 3.46
14 7 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 6.78 3.36
16 6 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.15 3.85
17 7 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.72 4.13
18 6 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 6.06 3.44
19 4 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.31 5.78
22 6 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.41 7.29
24 5 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 6.29 4.38
27 4 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 8.72 9.01
31 6 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.70 4.88
31 9 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 8.17 6.28
32 8 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.04 4.38
34 7 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 8.33 3.11
37 5 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 7.07 5.26
39 4 99 99 7.1 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0000 -9.0 -9.0 6.17 6.64
8. Original file with samples ordered by pressure on each station could not be properly read by JOA
because of the many casts on each station.
The data file was resorted by Station, Cast, and Pressure and are now readable by JOA but still
have minor problems when the multiple casts are merged for each station.
JOA is being modified to correct this problem.
9. Some missing values have quality flag 2 and some apparently good values have quality flag 9 or 5.
Missing value flag "2"s changed to "9"s and apparently good value flag "9"s changed to "2"s.
OLD NEW
STNNBR CASTNO SAMPNO BTLNBR CTDPRS POC FLAG FLAG
1 1 4 4 31.7 23.671 9 2
1 1 5 5 26.5 23.857 9 2
1 1 6 6 16.5 23.143 9 2
1 1 7 7 16.5 22.869 9 2
1 1 9 9 11.6 22.234 9 2
1 1 10 10 6.6 23.466 9 2
1 1 11 11 6.6 24.463 9 2
1 1 12 12 2.4 23.388 9 2
2 1 2 2 47.0 17.140 9 2
2 1 4 4 43.1 17.238 9 2
2 1 5 5 31.7 18.157 9 2
2 1 6 6 21.6 16.075 9 2
2 1 9 9 16.6 15.752 9 2
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32 1 4 4 701.1 14.071 9 2
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