fCO2 dynamics in the Atlantic, South Pacific and South Indian oceans

Wanninkhof, R., and R.A. Feely

Mar. Chem., 60, 15–31 (1998)

Subsurface fugacities of CO (fCO(20)) can be used in combination with total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to precisely calculate total alkalinity. Thus it can be used to determine dissolution of calcium carbonate (hard tissue) and remineralization of organic material (soft tissue), to quantify saturation constants of calcite and aragonite in seawater, and to characterize water masses. fCO(20) is a good tracer of biological transformation since it is thermodynamically related to the other inorganic carbon system parameters and it has a dynamic range from 200 to 2000 µatm in the world?s ocean. Precision of fCO measurements is 0.3% and the values are well calibrated using compressed gas reference standards. Increases of fCO(20) are observed as the water masses age during movement from the Atlantic to the Indian and South Pacific oceans. As an example of the determination of the ratio of soft tissue remineralization to hard tissue dissolution from fCO(20) and DIC, the trends along the 27.2 isopycnal for the subtropical gyres of the three basins are investigated. Little CaCO dissolves along this isopycnal in the Atlantic and the South Pacific while the soft tissue remineralization to hard tissue dissolution ratio in Indian Ocean is 4.5:1. The difference in this ratio along the 27.2 isopycnal appears to be a combination of the calcite and aragonite saturation levels and the supply of aragonite tests.

I made these changes.
-Sarilee
   

Lynne Talley wrote:
In P18: can you please change both TRITUM and TRITER at station 34, cast 1, bottle 132 (98.98 dbar) to -9 and flag them as 9?  (As per correspondence with Bill Jenkins attached below.)

Alex Orsi pointed out that there is a very low tritium value on P18 at station 34, 98.9 dbar - value is 0.029. There is no flag on it.  Somehow it didn't produce a bullseye on my plot (I'm looking into why not.)

Can you please check it for us?  Thanks - Lynne

silcat, nitrit, delc13, alkali, qualt1, qualt2

Put updated p18hy.txt file submitted by Lynne Talley online. Created new exchange file. 

This is the updated p18hy.txt file that I just submitted to the WHPO. Here are the notes that I submitted with it.  All changes are to quality flag QUALT1 unless noted (only exception is delc13 since I haven't heard from the analysis group there yet to OK the flag).

Station 74 bottle 119: alkalinity flag changed to 3

Station 88 bottle 119: alkalinity flag changed to 3

Station 123 bottle 224: delc13 flag in qualt2 changed to 4 (no answer from WHOI yet)

Station 110 bottles 136 to 128: silicate flag changed to 3

Station 112 bottles 136 to 129: silicate flag changed to 3

Station 113 bottles 136 to 128: silicate flag changed to 3

Station 11 bottle 113: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 11 bottles 108, 104, 101: nitrite flag changed to 3

Station 20 bottles 119, 116, 115, 114, 113, 106: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 61 bottles 127, 126, 125, 123, 121, 119, 118, 117, 116, 115, 105, 104: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 93 bottles 117, 113, 111, 110, 109, 108, 107, 106, 105: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 95 bottle 102: nitrite flag changed to 3

Station 97 bottles 111, 110, 109: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 114 bottles 123, 122, 121, 120, 119, 118, 117, 116, 115, 113: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 148 bottles 116, 115: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 149 bottles 228, 227, 226, 225, 223, 222, 221, 220, 217, 216, 215, 214, 213, 212, 211, 209, 208, 207, 204, 203: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 171 bottles 117, 116, 115, 114, 113, 112, 111: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 174 bottle 113: nitrite flag changed to 4

Station 175 bottle 118: nitrite flag changed to 4

I believe the stripiness you observe (on P18 ) is station-to-station variability in the standards.

I would agree that the high silicic acids at 110, 112, and 113 are high.  I did not see any dramatic shift in the standard factors or intercepts used to calculate those stations.  They should be flagged as "3"

I also agree that the deep nitrites you observed should be flagged as "3".

The data disposition is: Public

The file format is: Comma Separated Values

The archive type is:  NONE-Individual File

The data type(s) is: Other: home made helium data file

The file contains these water sample identifiers:
Castm Number (CASTNO)
Station Number (STATNO)
Bottle Number (BTLNBR)

EVANS, LEIGH would like the following action(s) taken on the data: Merge Data

created .ps files, check with gs viewer.  Created *check.txt file.

Merged July 2001 CFCs into bottle file and placed new woce format and exchange format files on web. Made minor modifications to Summary file. Corrected CFC113 and CCL4 QUALT2 codes per information from Dave Wisegarver, PMEL. Changed Quality Codes 0 and 1 to 9 where appropriate. Changed missing values for DELHE3 and DELC14 from -9. to -999.

Notes on P18 CFC merging Oct 23, 2001.
1. New CFC-11 and CFC-12 from:
/usr/export/html-public/data/onetime/pacific/p18/original/2001.07.09_CFC_UPDT_WISECARVER_P18/20010709.180730_WISEGARVER_P18/20010709.180730_WISEGARVER_P18_p18_CFC_DQE.dat
    
merged into SEA file from web Oct 1, 2001. (20000619WHPOSIODMB)

Changed all quality code "1"s in first 9 characters of QUALT1 and QUALT2 to "9". CTD and bottle have been DQE'd so quality codes of data values often different.
Changed all quality code "1"s in last 6 characters of QUALT1 to "9".
Then copied QUALT1 to QUALT2. Original QUALT2 had many "1"s where data present and QUALT1 had "2".
Changed TRITUM, HELIUM & DELHE3 quality code "0"s and "1"s to "9" for QUALT1, then copied QUALT1 codes to QUALT2 for these 3 parameters.
Changed DELHE3 missing value from -9.00 to -999.00.
Changed DELC14 missing value from -9.0 to -999.9.
Many CFC113 and CCL4 had QUALT1 = 9 and QUALT2 = 5; changed QUALT2 codes to 9 per info from Dave Wisegarver Oct 19, 2001.  Left all CFC113 and CCL4 with QUALT1 and QUALT2 = 5 as is, per note in DOC file.

2.   .SUM file lines with missing positions deleted.  
Sta 1 Ca 1  BO & EN  (no water samples)
Sta 1 Ca 2  BO & EN  (no water samples)
Sta 2 Ca 1  EN
Added x to WOCE SECT for Stations 1 through 9. Were blank.
Changed WOCE SECT column to be left-justified.
 
3. Exchange file checked using Java Ocean Atlas.

Includes Legs 2-3.  Has SVC14 rpt, Appendices 1-9 (includes DQE replies), DQE rpts for CTD and bottle data.

I have put the Jenkins tritium data into WOCE format.  There were no quality codes so I set the TRITUM to 2.

*Files for Helium and Neon Data: 

        WOCE Indian Ocean = WIHe.dat   Contains all legs
        WOCE Pacific P10 = WP10He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P18 = WP18He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P19 = WP19He.dat
        WOCE Pacific P21 = WP21He.dat

*Column Layout as follows:

Station, Cast, Bottle, Pressure, Delta3He, ErrDelta3He, ConcHelium, ErrConcHelium, ConcNeon, ErrConcNeon

*Units as follows:

Delta3He and ErrDelta3He in %
ConcHelium, ErrConcHelium, ConcNeon, and ErrConcNeon in nmol/kg

*Null values (for ConcNeon and ErrConcNeon only ) = -9.000

*All data are unfortunately still preliminary until we have completed the laboratory intercomparision and intercalibration that is still underway.

I have updated the sumfile, bottle file and  added additional documentation file for P18S and P18N. The columns for CCL4, HELER and DELHER are filled with missing data values. Chief Scientist for P18S (leg2) has been changed to Bullister from Johnson. All relevant tables and entries have been updated to reflect this change. Bullister has been notified of the update.

I have decrypted the bottle and CTD data for WHP P18 and placed them on our website. I masked out the CFC-11 and CFC-12 values (there were no CFC113 values) and updated the appropriate tables.

Due to age; no DQE yet